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Available in 29 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-29" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">29 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A9:%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="بوابة:الهندوسية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بوابة:الهندوسية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0:%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE" title="প্রবেশদ্বার:হিন্দুধর্ম – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="প্রবেশদ্বার:হিন্দুধর্ম" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port%C3%A1l:Hinduismus" title="Portál:Hinduismus – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Portál:Hinduismus" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Hinduismus" title="Portal:Hinduismus – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Portal:Hinduismus" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Hinduismo" title="Portal:Hinduismo – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Portal:Hinduismo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portalo:Hinduismo" title="Portalo:Hinduismo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Portalo:Hinduismo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portail:Hindouisme" title="Portail:Hindouisme – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Portail:Hindouisme" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0:%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%82_%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE" title="प्रवेशद्वार:हिन्दू धर्म – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="प्रवेशद्वार:हिन्दू धर्म" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Hindu" title="Portal:Hindu – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Portal:Hindu" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portale:Induismo" title="Portale:Induismo – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Portale:Induismo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port%C3%A1l:Hinduizmus" title="Portál:Hinduizmus – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Portál:Hinduizmus" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%82" title="കവാടം:ഹിന്ദുമതം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കവാടം:ഹിന്ദുമതം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%A8:%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%82_%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE" title="दालन:हिंदू धर्म – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="दालन:हिंदू धर्म" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne badge-Q17580674 badge-featuredportal mw-list-item" title="featured portal badge"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B2:%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%81_%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE" title="पोर्टल:हिन्दु धर्म – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="पोर्टल:हिन्दु धर्म" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:%E3%83%92%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E3%82%A5%E3%83%BC%E6%95%99" title="Portal:ヒンドゥー教 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="Portal:ヒンドゥー教" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Hinduizm" title="Portal:Hinduizm – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Portal:Hinduizm" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Hindu%C3%ADsmo" title="Portal:Hinduísmo – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Portal:Hinduísmo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB:%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Портал:Индуизм – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Портал:Индуизм" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D:%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%83" title="प्रवेशद्वारम्:सनातनधर्मः – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="प्रवेशद्वारम्:सनातनधर्मः" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%BA:%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%94_%E0%B6%86%E0%B6%9C%E0%B6%B8" title="ද්වාරය:හින්දු ආගම – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ද්වාරය:හින්දු ආගම" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8:%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%85%D8%B0%D9%87%D8%A8" title="باب:هندومذهب – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="باب:هندومذهب" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teemasivu:Hindulaisuus" title="Teemasivu:Hindulaisuus – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Teemasivu:Hindulaisuus" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Hinduism" title="Portal:Hinduism – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Portal:Hinduism" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D:%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="வலைவாசல்:இந்து சமயம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வலைவாசல்:இந்து சமயம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB:%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Портал:Индуизм – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Портал:Индуизм" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Hinduizm" title="Portal:Hinduizm – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Portal:Hinduizm" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB:%D0%86%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%97%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Портал:Індуїзм – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Портал:Індуїзм" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8:%DB%81%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88_%D9%85%D8%AA" title="باب:ہندو مت – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="باب:ہندو مت" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E6%95%99" title="Portal:印度教 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="Portal:印度教" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" 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typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Aum" title="Pranava"><img alt="Pranava" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Aum_calligraphy.svg/50px-Aum_calligraphy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="47" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Aum_calligraphy.svg/75px-Aum_calligraphy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Aum_calligraphy.svg/100px-Aum_calligraphy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="269" data-file-height="252" /></a><figcaption>Pranava</figcaption></figure></div> <div style="text-align:center; color:white; font-size:240%; margin-top:10px; font-weight:bold; font-family:times"><small><span style="color:White"><i>Welcome to the </i></span></small> Hinduism Portal</div> </div> <div id="articlecount" style="width:100%; text-align:center; font-size:100%; font-weight:bold; background:#FFA500; border:solid 3px #F2F2F3; border-bottom:solid 1px #FFA500">A <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Portal" title="Wikipedia:Portal">portal</a> for Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a>-related resources.</div> <div id="articlecount" style="width:100%; text-align:center; font-size:100%; font-weight:bold; background:#FFA500; border:solid 3px #F2F2F3; border-bottom:solid 1px #FFA500">8,205 articles in <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a>.</div> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" style="font-weight:bold; width:100%"> <tbody><tr style="text-align:center"> <td style="width:4%"> </td> <td style="width:12%; background:Orange; border:solid 1px #F2F2F3; border-bottom:solid 1px Orange"><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><span style="color:black;">Hinduism Portal</span></a> </td> <td style="width:4%"> </td> <td style="width:12%; background:#FFFFE0; border:solid 2px #F2F2F3; border-bottom:solid 1px #F9F9F9"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Hinduism/What%27s_Hinduism" title="Portal:Hinduism/What's Hinduism"><span style="color:black;">What is Hinduism?</span></a> </td> <td style="width:4%"> </td> <td style="width:12%; background:#FFFFE0; border:solid 3px #F2F2F3; border-bottom:solid 1px #F9F9F9"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Hinduism/Indices" title="Portal:Hinduism/Indices"><span style="color:black;">Indices</span></a> </td> <td style="width:4%"> </td> <td style="width:12%; background:#FFFFE0; color:black; border:solid 1px #F2F2F3; border-bottom:solid 1px #F9F9F9"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:HINDUISM" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:HINDUISM"><span style="color: black">Wikiproject</span></a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table width="100%" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="10" style="background:#FFFF75; border-style:solid; border-width:1px; border-color:red;"> <tbody><tr> <td width="55%" style="vertical-align:top;padding: 0; margin:0;"> <div style="width:100%"> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:black;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid red;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:orange;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:1px 1px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:black;font-size:80%"></div><h2 id="Introduction" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:black;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em">Introduction</h2></div><div style="color:#000000;opacity:1;border:1px solid red;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:#f8fffc;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1252059228">.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxplain{float:right;margin:0 0 0 1em;border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);background-color:var(--background-color-base,#fff);padding:0.3em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;text-align:center;font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxleft{float:left;margin:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutlist{display:inline-block;border-bottom:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);margin-bottom:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxplain ul{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutanchordiv{position:relative;top:-3em}.mw-parser-output li .module-shortcutanchordiv{float:right}.mw-parser-output .mbox-imageright .module-shortcutboxplain{padding:0.4em 1em 0.4em 1em;line-height:1.3;margin:0}</style><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="P:HINDU"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcut</a></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=P:HINDU&redirect=no">P:HINDU</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a></b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'h' in 'hi'">h</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span><span title="/u/: 'u' in 'influence'">u</span><span title="/ˌ/: secondary stress follows">ˌ</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'z' in 'zoom'">z</span><span title="/əm/: 'm' in 'rhythm'">əm</span></span>/</a></span></span>) is an <a href="/wiki/Hypernymy_and_hyponymy" title="Hypernymy and hyponymy">umbrella term</a> for a range of <a href="/wiki/Indian_religions" title="Indian religions">Indian religious</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_religions_and_spiritual_traditions#Indian_religions" title="List of religions and spiritual traditions">spiritual traditions</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sampradaya" title="Sampradaya"><i>sampradaya</i>s</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHolberg2000316Nicholson20132–5McDaniel200752–53Michaels200421_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHolberg2000316Nicholson20132–5McDaniel200752–53Michaels200421-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that are unified by the concept of <i><a href="/wiki/Dharma" title="Dharma">dharma</a></i>, a <a href="/wiki/%E1%B9%9Ata" title="Ṛta">cosmic order</a> maintained by its followers through rituals and righteous living, as first expounded in the <a href="/wiki/Vedas" title="Vedas">Vedas</a>. The word <i>Hindu</i> is an <a href="/wiki/Exonym" class="mw-redirect" title="Exonym">exonym</a>, and while Hinduism has been called the oldest religion in the world, it has also been described by the modern term <i><a href="/wiki/San%C4%81tana_Dharma" title="Sanātana Dharma">Sanātana Dharma</a></i> (<abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">eternal dharma</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>), based on the belief that its origins lie beyond <a href="/wiki/Human_history" title="Human history">human history</a>, as revealed in the <a href="/wiki/Hindu_texts" title="Hindu texts">Hindu texts</a>. Another <a href="/wiki/Endonym" class="mw-redirect" title="Endonym">endonym</a> for Hinduism is <i><a href="/wiki/Vaidika_Dharma" class="mw-redirect" title="Vaidika Dharma">Vaidika Dharma</a></i> (<abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">Vedic dharma</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>). </p><p>Hinduism entails diverse systems of thought, marked by a range of shared <a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_Hinduism_terms" title="Glossary of Hinduism terms">concepts</a> that discuss <a href="/wiki/God_in_Hinduism" title="God in Hinduism">theology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hindu_mythology" title="Hindu mythology">mythology</a>, among other topics in textual sources. Hindu texts have been classified into <a href="/wiki/%C5%9Aruti" title="Śruti">Śruti</a> (<abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">heard</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>) and <a href="/wiki/Sm%E1%B9%9Bti" title="Smṛti">Smṛti</a> (<abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">remembered</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>). The major Hindu scriptures are the <a href="/wiki/Vedas" title="Vedas">Vedas</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Upanishads" title="Upanishads">Upanishads</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Puranas" title="Puranas">Puranas</a>, the <i><a href="/wiki/Mahabharata" title="Mahabharata">Mahabharata</a></i> (including the <i><a href="/wiki/Bhagavad_Gita" title="Bhagavad Gita">Bhagavad Gita</a></i>), the <i><a href="/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana">Ramayana</a></i>, and the <a href="/wiki/Agama_(Hinduism)" title="Agama (Hinduism)">Agamas</a>. Prominent themes in Hindu beliefs include <i><a href="/wiki/Karma" title="Karma">karma</a></i> (action, intent and consequences), <a href="/wiki/Sa%E1%B9%83s%C4%81ra#In_Hinduism" title="Saṃsāra"><i>saṃsāra</i></a> (the cycle of death and rebirth) and the four <a href="/wiki/Puru%E1%B9%A3%C4%81rtha" title="Puruṣārtha">Puruṣārthas</a>, proper goals or aims of human life, namely: <i><a href="/wiki/Dharma" title="Dharma">dharma</a></i> (ethics/duties), <i><a href="/wiki/Artha" title="Artha">artha</a></i> (prosperity/work), <i><a href="/wiki/Kama" title="Kama">kama</a></i> (desires/passions) and <i><a href="/wiki/Moksha" title="Moksha">moksha</a></i> (liberation/freedom from passions and ultimately <i>saṃsāra</i>). Hindu religious practices include devotion (<i><a href="/wiki/Bhakti" title="Bhakti">bhakti</a></i>), worship (<a href="/wiki/Puja_(Hinduism)" title="Puja (Hinduism)"><i>puja</i></a>), sacrificial rites (<i><a href="/wiki/Yajna" title="Yajna">yajna</a></i>), and meditation (<a href="/wiki/Dhyana_in_Hinduism" title="Dhyana in Hinduism"><i>dhyana</i></a>) and <a href="/wiki/Yoga" title="Yoga">yoga</a>. Hinduism has no central doctrinal authority and many Hindus do not claim to belong to any denomination. However, scholarly studies notify four major denominations: <i><a href="/wiki/Shaivism" title="Shaivism">Shaivism</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Shaktism" title="Shaktism">Shaktism</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Smartism" class="mw-redirect" title="Smartism">Smartism</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Vaishnavism" title="Vaishnavism">Vaishnavism</a></i>. The six <a href="/wiki/%C4%80stika_and_n%C4%81stika" title="Āstika and nāstika">Āstika</a> schools of <a href="/wiki/Hindu_philosophy" title="Hindu philosophy">Hindu philosophy</a> that recognise the authority of the Vedas are: <a href="/wiki/Samkhya" title="Samkhya">Samkhya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yoga_(philosophy)" title="Yoga (philosophy)">Yoga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nyaya" title="Nyaya">Nyaya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vaisheshika" title="Vaisheshika">Vaisheshika</a>, <a href="/wiki/M%C4%ABm%C4%81%E1%B9%83s%C4%81" title="Mīmāṃsā">Mīmāṃsā</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Vedanta" title="Vedanta">Vedanta</a>. (<b><a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Full article...</a></b>) </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div> </div> <div style="text-align:center; margin:0.25em auto 0.75em"><span class="noprint plainlinks purgelink"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal:Hinduism&action=purge"><span title="Purge this page"><b>Refresh with new selections below (purge)</b></span></a></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r996214246">.mw-parser-output .flex-columns-container{clear:both;width:100%;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap}.mw-parser-output .flex-columns-container>.flex-columns-column{float:left;width:50%;min-width:360px;padding:0 0.5em;box-sizing:border-box;flex:1;display:flex;flex-direction:column}@media screen and (max-width:393px){.mw-parser-output .flex-columns-container>.flex-columns-column{min-width:0}}.mw-parser-output .flex-columns-container>.flex-columns-column:first-child{padding-left:0}.mw-parser-output .flex-columns-container>.flex-columns-column:last-child{padding-right:0}@media screen and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .flex-columns-container>.flex-columns-column{padding:0;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .flex-columns-container{display:block}}.mw-parser-output .flex-columns-container>.flex-columns-column>div{flex:1 0 auto}.mw-parser-output .flex-columns-container>.flex-columns-column>div.flex-columns-noflex{flex:0}</style><div class="flex-columns-container"><div class="flex-columns-column"><div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:black;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid red;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:orange;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:1px 1px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:black;font-size:80%"></div><h2 id="Selected_articles_-_load_new_batch" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:black;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em">Selected articles - <span class="noprint plainlinks purgelink"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal:Hinduism&action=purge"><span title="Purge this page"><small><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkblue"><i>load new batch</i></span></small></span></a></span></h2></div><div style="color:#000000;opacity:1;border:1px solid red;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:#f8fffc;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <div style="font-size:105%;"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r987512734">.mw-parser-output div.excerptSlideshow-container>ul.gallery.mw-gallery-slideshow>li.gallerycarousel>div>div>div>span:nth-child(2){display:none}.mw-parser-output div.excerptSlideshow-container>ul.gallery.mw-gallery-slideshow>li.gallerycarousel>div>div:nth-child(2){display:none}.mw-parser-output div.excerptSlideshow-container>ul.gallery.mw-gallery-slideshow>li.gallerycarousel>div>div:nth-child(1){padding-top:0.3em;padding-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output div.excerptSlideshow-container>ul.gallery.mw-gallery-slideshow>li:nth-child(n/**/+2){display:none}.mw-parser-output div.excerptSlideshow-container .gallery .gallerybox,.mw-parser-output div.excerptSlideshow-container .gallery .gallerybox div{width:100%!important;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output div.excerptSlideshow-container>ul.gallery.mw-gallery-slideshow>li:not(.gallerycarousel)>div>div:nth-child(1){display:none}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1021884966">.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container>.gallery.mw-gallery-slideshow>.gallerycarousel>div>div>div>span:nth-child(2){display:none}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container .randomSlideshow-sr-only{display:block;width:1px;height:1px;text-indent:-999px;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child label{display:inline-block!important;padding:0.2em 0.3em}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child label,.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child input{vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child input{transform:scale(1.4)}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child label:last-child{display:none!important}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child .gallerybox{display:block;margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child .gallerybox li,.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child .gallerybox div,.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child .gallerybox p{padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery.mw-gallery-slideshow:first-child{position:relative;left:50%;transform:translateX(-50%);display:inline-block;text-align:center;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child .gallerybox{order:99999;flex-shrink:0}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child label{flex:0 0}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child .gallerybox{width:100%!important}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child .gallerybox>div,.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child .gallerybox>div>div{width:inherit!important;max-width:100%;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container .nomobile+ul label{display:none!important}</style><div class="randomSlideshow-container excerptSlideshow-container" style="max-width:100%; margin:-4em auto;"><div class="nomobile"></div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-slideshow switcher-container"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 1 The 7 metres (23 ft) high Trimurti sculpture The Elephanta Caves are a collection of cave temples predominantly dedicated to the Hindu god Shiva, which have been designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site. They are on Elephanta Island, or Gharapuri (literally meaning "the city of caves"), in Mumbai Harbour, 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) east of Mumbai in the Indian state of Mahārāshtra. The island, about 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) west of the Jawaharlal Nehru Port, consists of five Hindu caves, a few Buddhist stupa mounds that date back to the 2nd century BCE, and two Buddhist caves with water tanks. The Elephanta Caves contain rock-cut stone sculptures, mostly in high relief, that show syncretism of Hindu and Buddhist ideas and iconography. The caves are hewn from solid basalt rock. Except for a few exceptions, much of the artwork is defaced and damaged. The main temple's orientation as well as the relative location of other temples are placed in a mandala pattern. The carvings narrate Hindu legends, with the large monolithic 5.45 metres (17.9 ft) Trimurti Sadashiva (three-faced Shiva), Nataraja (Lord of dance) and Yogishvara (Lord of Yogis) being the most celebrated. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 1 The 7 metres (23 ft) high Trimurti sculpture The Elephanta Caves are a collection of cave temples predominantly dedicated to the Hindu god Shiva, which have been designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site. They are on Elephanta Island, or Gharapuri (literally meaning "the city of caves"), in Mumbai Harbour, 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) east of Mumbai in the Indian state of Mahārāshtra. The island, about 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) west of the Jawaharlal Nehru Port, consists of five Hindu caves, a few Buddhist stupa mounds that date back to the 2nd century BCE, and two Buddhist caves with water tanks. The Elephanta Caves contain rock-cut stone sculptures, mostly in high relief, that show syncretism of Hindu and Buddhist ideas and iconography. The caves are hewn from solid basalt rock. Except for a few exceptions, much of the artwork is defaced and damaged. The main temple's orientation as well as the relative location of other temples are placed in a mandala pattern. The carvings narrate Hindu legends, with the large monolithic 5.45 metres (17.9 ft) Trimurti Sadashiva (three-faced Shiva), Nataraja (Lord of dance) and Yogishvara (Lord of Yogis) being the most celebrated. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 1</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><div class="thumb tleft" style="overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:308px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="width:auto;overflow:auto;"><div style="white-space:normal"><br /><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Elephanta_Caves_Trimurti.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Elephanta_Caves_Trimurti.jpg/220px-Elephanta_Caves_Trimurti.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Elephanta_Caves_Trimurti.jpg/330px-Elephanta_Caves_Trimurti.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Elephanta_Caves_Trimurti.jpg/440px-Elephanta_Caves_Trimurti.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2501" data-file-height="2846" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="center">The 7 metres (23 ft) high Trimurti sculpture</div></div></div></div><br />The <b><a href="/wiki/Elephanta_Caves" title="Elephanta Caves">Elephanta Caves</a></b> are a collection of cave temples predominantly dedicated to the <a href="/wiki/Hindu" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu">Hindu</a> god <a href="/wiki/Shiva" title="Shiva">Shiva</a>, which have been designated a <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Site</a>. They are on <a href="/wiki/Elephanta_Island" title="Elephanta Island">Elephanta Island</a>, or <i>Gharapuri</i> (literally meaning "the city of caves"), in <a href="/wiki/Mumbai_Harbour" title="Mumbai Harbour">Mumbai Harbour</a>, 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) east of <a href="/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai">Mumbai</a> in the <a href="/wiki/States_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="States of India">Indian state</a> of <a href="/wiki/Mah%C4%81r%C4%81shtra" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahārāshtra">Mahārāshtra</a>. The island, about 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) west of the <a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru_Port" title="Jawaharlal Nehru Port">Jawaharlal Nehru Port</a>, consists of five <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hindu</a> caves, a few <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhist</a> stupa mounds that date back to the 2nd century BCE, and two Buddhist caves with water tanks.<br /><br />The Elephanta Caves contain <a href="/wiki/Rock_cut_architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Rock cut architecture">rock-cut</a> stone sculptures, mostly in high <a href="/wiki/Relief" title="Relief">relief</a>, that show syncretism of Hindu and Buddhist ideas and iconography. The caves are hewn from solid <a href="/wiki/Basalt" title="Basalt">basalt</a> rock. Except for a few exceptions, much of the artwork is defaced and damaged. The main temple's orientation as well as the relative location of other temples are placed in a <a href="/wiki/Mandala" title="Mandala">mandala</a> pattern. The carvings narrate Hindu legends, with the large monolithic 5.45 metres (17.9 ft) Trimurti Sadashiva (three-faced Shiva), Nataraja (Lord of dance) and Yogishvara (Lord of Yogis) being the most celebrated. (<b><a href="/wiki/Elephanta_Caves" title="Elephanta Caves">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 2 The Daśanāmi Sampradaya (IAST: Daśanāmī Saṃpradāya "Tradition of Ten Names"), also known as the Order of Swamis, is a Hindu monastic tradition of "single-staff renunciation" (ēka daṇḍi saṃnyāsī) Ēkadandis were already known during what is sometimes referred to as "Golden Age of Hinduism" (ca. 320-650 CE). According to hagiographies composed in the 14th-17th century, the Daśanāmi Sampradaya was established by Vedic scholar and teacher Adi Shankaracharya (9th cent. CE), organizing a section of the Ekadandi monks under an umbrella grouping of ten names and the four cardinal mathas of the Advaita Vedanta tradition. However, the association of the Dasanāmis with the Shankara maṭhas remained nominal. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 2 The Daśanāmi Sampradaya (IAST: Daśanāmī Saṃpradāya "Tradition of Ten Names"), also known as the Order of Swamis, is a Hindu monastic tradition of "single-staff renunciation" (ēka daṇḍi saṃnyāsī) Ēkadandis were already known during what is sometimes referred to as "Golden Age of Hinduism" (ca. 320-650 CE). According to hagiographies composed in the 14th-17th century, the Daśanāmi Sampradaya was established by Vedic scholar and teacher Adi Shankaracharya (9th cent. CE), organizing a section of the Ekadandi monks under an umbrella grouping of ten names and the four cardinal mathas of the Advaita Vedanta tradition. However, the association of the Dasanāmis with the Shankara maṭhas remained nominal. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 2</span></span><div style="text-align:left;">The <b><a href="/wiki/Da%C5%9Ban%C4%81mi_Sampradaya" title="Daśanāmi Sampradaya">Daśanāmi Sampradaya</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/IAST" class="mw-redirect" title="IAST">IAST</a>: <i><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">Daśanāmī Saṃpradāya</i></span></i> "Tradition of Ten Names"), also known as the <b>Order of Swamis</b>, is a <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hindu</a> monastic tradition of "single-staff <a href="/wiki/Sannyasa" title="Sannyasa">renunciation</a>" (<i>ēka daṇḍi saṃnyāsī</i>) Ēkadandis were already known during what is sometimes referred to as "Golden Age of Hinduism" (ca. 320-650 CE). According to hagiographies composed in the 14th-17th century, the Daśanāmi Sampradaya was established by Vedic scholar and teacher <a href="/wiki/Adi_Shankara" title="Adi Shankara">Adi Shankaracharya</a> (9th cent. CE), organizing a section of the Ekadandi monks under an umbrella grouping of ten names and the four cardinal mathas of the <a href="/wiki/Advaita_Vedanta" title="Advaita Vedanta">Advaita Vedanta</a> tradition. However, the association of the Dasanāmis with the Shankara maṭhas remained nominal. (<b><a href="/wiki/Da%C5%9Ban%C4%81mi_Sampradaya" title="Daśanāmi Sampradaya">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 3 Radha at ISKCON Temple, Pune Radha (Sanskrit: राधा, IAST: Rādhā), also called Radhika, is a Hindu goddess and the chief consort of the god Krishna. She is the goddess of love, tenderness, compassion, and devotion. In scriptures, Radha is mentioned as the avatar of Lakshmi and also as the Mūlaprakriti, the Supreme goddess, who is the feminine counterpart and internal potency (hladini shakti) of Krishna. Radha accompanies Krishna in all his incarnations. Radha's birthday is celebrated every year on the occasion of Radhashtami. In relation with Krishna, Radha has dual representation—the lover consort as well as his married consort. Traditions like Nimbarka Sampradaya worship Radha as the eternal consort and wedded wife of Krishna. In contrast, traditions like Gaudiya Vaishnavism revere her as Krishna's lover and the divine consort. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 3 Radha at ISKCON Temple, Pune Radha (Sanskrit: राधा, IAST: Rādhā), also called Radhika, is a Hindu goddess and the chief consort of the god Krishna. She is the goddess of love, tenderness, compassion, and devotion. In scriptures, Radha is mentioned as the avatar of Lakshmi and also as the Mūlaprakriti, the Supreme goddess, who is the feminine counterpart and internal potency (hladini shakti) of Krishna. Radha accompanies Krishna in all his incarnations. Radha's birthday is celebrated every year on the occasion of Radhashtami. In relation with Krishna, Radha has dual representation—the lover consort as well as his married consort. Traditions like Nimbarka Sampradaya worship Radha as the eternal consort and wedded wife of Krishna. In contrast, traditions like Gaudiya Vaishnavism revere her as Krishna's lover and the divine consort. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 3</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><div class="thumb tleft" style="overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:308px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="width:auto;overflow:auto;"><div style="white-space:normal"><br /><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Radharani_10.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Radharani_10.JPG/220px-Radharani_10.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="313" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Radharani_10.JPG/330px-Radharani_10.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Radharani_10.JPG/440px-Radharani_10.JPG 2x" data-file-width="902" data-file-height="1283" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="center">Radha at <a href="/wiki/ISKCON_Temple,_Pune" title="ISKCON Temple, Pune">ISKCON Temple, Pune</a></div></div></div></div><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Radha" title="Radha">Radha</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/Sanskrit_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanskrit language">Sanskrit</a>: <span lang="sa">राधा</span>, <a href="/wiki/IAST" class="mw-redirect" title="IAST">IAST</a>: <i><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">Rādhā</i></span></i>), also called <b>Radhika</b>, is a <a href="/wiki/Hindu_goddess" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu goddess">Hindu goddess</a> and the chief consort of the god <a href="/wiki/Krishna" title="Krishna">Krishna</a>. She is the goddess of love, tenderness, compassion, and devotion. In scriptures, Radha is mentioned as the <a href="/wiki/Avatar" title="Avatar">avatar</a> of <a href="/wiki/Lakshmi" title="Lakshmi">Lakshmi</a> and also as the <a href="/wiki/Prak%E1%B9%9Bti" title="Prakṛti">Mūlaprakriti</a>, the Supreme goddess, who is the feminine counterpart and internal potency (<i>hladini <a href="/wiki/Shakti" title="Shakti">shakti</a></i>) of Krishna. Radha accompanies Krishna in all his incarnations. Radha's birthday is celebrated every year on the occasion of <a href="/wiki/Radhashtami" title="Radhashtami">Radhashtami</a>.<br /><br />In relation with Krishna, Radha has dual representation—the lover consort as well as his married consort. Traditions like <a href="/wiki/Nimbarka_Sampradaya" title="Nimbarka Sampradaya">Nimbarka Sampradaya</a> worship Radha as the eternal consort and wedded wife of Krishna. In contrast, traditions like <a href="/wiki/Gaudiya_Vaishnavism" title="Gaudiya Vaishnavism">Gaudiya Vaishnavism</a> revere her as Krishna's lover and the divine consort. (<b><a href="/wiki/Radha" title="Radha">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 4 Vidyashankara Temple at Sringeri completed in 1338 Dakṣiṇāmnāya Śrī Śāradā Pīṭham (IPA: [d̪ɐkʂiɳaːmn̪aːjɐ ɕriː ɕaːrɐd̪ɐ piːʈʰɐm]) or Śri Śṛṅgagiri Maṭha (IPA: [ɕriː ɕr̩ŋɡɐɡiri mɐʈʰɐ]); Sanskrit: मठ, maṭha) is one amongst the four cardinal pīthams following the Daśanāmi Sampradaya - the peetham or matha is said to have been established by acharya Śrī Ādi Śaṅkara to preserve and propagate Sanātana Dharma and Advaita Vedānta, the doctrine of non-dualism. Located in Śringerī in Chikmagalur district in Karnataka, India, it is the Southern Āmnāya Pītham amongst the four Chaturāmnāya Pīthams, with the others being the Dvārakā Śāradā Pītham (Gujarat) in the West, Purī Govardhana Pīṭhaṃ (Odisha) in the East, Badri Jyotishpīṭhaṃ (Uttarakhand) in the North. The head of the matha is called Shankarayacharya, the title derives from Adi Shankara. Śri Śringerī Mutt, as the Pītham is referred to in common parlance, is situated on the banks of the Tuṅgā River in Śringerī. The Mutt complex consists of shrines on both the northern and southern banks of the river. The three prominent shrines on the northern bank of the Tunga are dedicated to the presiding deity of the Pītham and the divinity of Ātma-vidyā - Śrī Śāradā, Śrī Ādi Śaṅkara, and Jagadguru Śrī Vidyāśankara Tīrtha, the 10th Jagadguru of the Pītham. The southern bank houses the residence of the reigning pontiff, the adhisthānam shrines of the previous pontiffs and the Sadvidyā Sañjīvini Samskrita Mahāpāthashālā. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 4 Vidyashankara Temple at Sringeri completed in 1338 Dakṣiṇāmnāya Śrī Śāradā Pīṭham (IPA: [d̪ɐkʂiɳaːmn̪aːjɐ ɕriː ɕaːrɐd̪ɐ piːʈʰɐm]) or Śri Śṛṅgagiri Maṭha (IPA: [ɕriː ɕr̩ŋɡɐɡiri mɐʈʰɐ]); Sanskrit: मठ, maṭha) is one amongst the four cardinal pīthams following the Daśanāmi Sampradaya - the peetham or matha is said to have been established by acharya Śrī Ādi Śaṅkara to preserve and propagate Sanātana Dharma and Advaita Vedānta, the doctrine of non-dualism. Located in Śringerī in Chikmagalur district in Karnataka, India, it is the Southern Āmnāya Pītham amongst the four Chaturāmnāya Pīthams, with the others being the Dvārakā Śāradā Pītham (Gujarat) in the West, Purī Govardhana Pīṭhaṃ (Odisha) in the East, Badri Jyotishpīṭhaṃ (Uttarakhand) in the North. The head of the matha is called Shankarayacharya, the title derives from Adi Shankara. Śri Śringerī Mutt, as the Pītham is referred to in common parlance, is situated on the banks of the Tuṅgā River in Śringerī. The Mutt complex consists of shrines on both the northern and southern banks of the river. The three prominent shrines on the northern bank of the Tunga are dedicated to the presiding deity of the Pītham and the divinity of Ātma-vidyā - Śrī Śāradā, Śrī Ādi Śaṅkara, and Jagadguru Śrī Vidyāśankara Tīrtha, the 10th Jagadguru of the Pītham. The southern bank houses the residence of the reigning pontiff, the adhisthānam shrines of the previous pontiffs and the Sadvidyā Sañjīvini Samskrita Mahāpāthashālā. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 4</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><div class="thumb tleft" style="overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:308px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="width:auto;overflow:auto;"><div style="white-space:normal"><br /><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Vidyashankara_Temple_at_Shringeri.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Vidyashankara_Temple_at_Shringeri.jpg/220px-Vidyashankara_Temple_at_Shringeri.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Vidyashankara_Temple_at_Shringeri.jpg/330px-Vidyashankara_Temple_at_Shringeri.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Vidyashankara_Temple_at_Shringeri.jpg/440px-Vidyashankara_Temple_at_Shringeri.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1178" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="center">Vidyashankara Temple at Sringeri completed in 1338</div></div></div></div><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Sringeri_Sharada_Peetham" title="Sringeri Sharada Peetham">Dakṣiṇāmnāya Śrī Śāradā Pīṭham</a></b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">IPA:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="sa-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Sanskrit" title="Help:IPA/Sanskrit">[d̪ɐkʂiɳaːmn̪aːjɐ<span class="wrap"> </span>ɕriː<span class="wrap"> </span>ɕaːrɐd̪ɐ<span class="wrap"> </span>piːʈʰɐm]</a></span>) or <b>Śri Śṛṅgagiri Maṭha</b> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">IPA:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="sa-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Sanskrit" title="Help:IPA/Sanskrit">[ɕriː<span class="wrap"> </span>ɕr̩ŋɡɐɡiri<span class="wrap"> </span>mɐʈʰɐ]</a></span>); <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanskrit language">Sanskrit</a>: <span lang="sa">मठ</span>, <span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">maṭha</i></span>) is one amongst the four cardinal <a href="/wiki/Matha" title="Matha">pīthams</a> following the <a href="/wiki/Da%C5%9Ban%C4%81mi_Sampradaya" title="Daśanāmi Sampradaya">Daśanāmi Sampradaya</a> - the <i>peetham</i> or <i>matha</i> is said to have been established by acharya <a href="/wiki/Adi_Shankara" title="Adi Shankara">Śrī Ādi Śaṅkara</a> to preserve and propagate <a href="/wiki/Sanatana_dharma" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanatana dharma">Sanātana Dharma</a> and <a href="/wiki/Advaita_Vedanta" title="Advaita Vedanta">Advaita Vedānta</a>, the doctrine of <a href="/wiki/Nonduality_(spirituality)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nonduality (spirituality)">non-dualism</a>. Located in <a href="/wiki/Sringeri" title="Sringeri">Śringerī</a> in <a href="/wiki/Chikmagalur_district" title="Chikmagalur district">Chikmagalur district</a> in <a href="/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka">Karnataka</a>, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, it is the Southern Āmnāya Pītham amongst the four Chaturāmnāya Pīthams, with the others being the <a href="/wiki/Dwarka_Sharada_Peetham" title="Dwarka Sharada Peetham">Dvārakā Śāradā Pītham</a> (Gujarat) in the West, <a href="/wiki/Govardhan_Math" title="Govardhan Math">Purī Govardhana Pīṭhaṃ</a> (Odisha) in the East, <a href="/wiki/Jyotir_Math" title="Jyotir Math">Badri Jyotishpīṭhaṃ</a> (Uttarakhand) in the North. The head of the matha is called <a href="/wiki/Shankaracharya" title="Shankaracharya">Shankarayacharya</a>, the title derives from <a href="/wiki/Adi_Shankara" title="Adi Shankara">Adi Shankara</a>.<br /><br />Śri Śringerī Mutt, as the Pītham is referred to in common parlance, is situated on the banks of the <a href="/wiki/Tunga_River" title="Tunga River">Tuṅgā River</a> in Śringerī. The Mutt complex consists of shrines on both the northern and southern banks of the river. The three prominent shrines on the northern bank of the Tunga are dedicated to the presiding deity of the Pītham and the divinity of <a href="/wiki/Self-knowledge_(Vedanta)" class="mw-redirect" title="Self-knowledge (Vedanta)">Ātma-vidyā</a> - <a href="/wiki/Saraswati" title="Saraswati">Śrī Śāradā</a>, <a href="/wiki/Adi_Shankara" title="Adi Shankara">Śrī Ādi Śaṅkara</a>, and Jagadguru Śrī Vidyāśankara Tīrtha, the 10th Jagadguru of the Pītham. The southern bank houses the residence of the reigning pontiff, the <a href="/wiki/Samadhi_(shrine)" title="Samadhi (shrine)">adhisthānam</a> shrines of the previous pontiffs and the Sadvidyā Sañjīvini Samskrita Mahāpāthashālā. (<b><a href="/wiki/Sringeri_Sharada_Peetham" title="Sringeri Sharada Peetham">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 5 The planned route of L. K. Advani's Rath Yatra, beginning in Somnath on 25 September 1990 and ending in Ayodhya on 30 October The Ram Rath Yatra was a political and religious rally that lasted from September to October 1990. It was organised by the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) and its Hindu nationalist affiliates, and led by the then-president of the BJP, L. K. Advani. The purpose of the yatra was to support the agitation, led by the Vishwa Hindu Parishad (VHP) and its affiliates in the Sangh Parivar, to erect a temple to the Hindu deity Rama on the site of the Babri Masjid. The masjid, or mosque, had been built in the city of Ayodhya following the Mughal conquest of the region in 1528. According to hearsay, it was built over a temple dedicated to Rama, and stood on the site of his birth. In the 1980s, the VHP and other Sangh Parivar affiliates began an agitation to build a temple to Rama at the site, with the BJP lending political support to the movement. In 1990, the government of India led by V. P. Singh decided to implement some of the recommendations of the Mandal commission, and announced that twenty-seven percent of government jobs would be reserved for people from Other Backward Class. This announcement threatened the electoral constituency of the BJP, which decided to use the Ayodhya dispute to unite the Hindu vote by mobilising anti-Muslim sentiment. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 5 The planned route of L. K. Advani's Rath Yatra, beginning in Somnath on 25 September 1990 and ending in Ayodhya on 30 October The Ram Rath Yatra was a political and religious rally that lasted from September to October 1990. It was organised by the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) and its Hindu nationalist affiliates, and led by the then-president of the BJP, L. K. Advani. The purpose of the yatra was to support the agitation, led by the Vishwa Hindu Parishad (VHP) and its affiliates in the Sangh Parivar, to erect a temple to the Hindu deity Rama on the site of the Babri Masjid. The masjid, or mosque, had been built in the city of Ayodhya following the Mughal conquest of the region in 1528. According to hearsay, it was built over a temple dedicated to Rama, and stood on the site of his birth. In the 1980s, the VHP and other Sangh Parivar affiliates began an agitation to build a temple to Rama at the site, with the BJP lending political support to the movement. In 1990, the government of India led by V. P. Singh decided to implement some of the recommendations of the Mandal commission, and announced that twenty-seven percent of government jobs would be reserved for people from Other Backward Class. This announcement threatened the electoral constituency of the BJP, which decided to use the Ayodhya dispute to unite the Hindu vote by mobilising anti-Muslim sentiment. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 5</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><div class="thumb tleft" style="overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:308px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="width:auto;overflow:auto;"><div style="white-space:normal"><br /><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Advani_Yatra_1990.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Advani_Yatra_1990.svg/220px-Advani_Yatra_1990.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="251" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Advani_Yatra_1990.svg/330px-Advani_Yatra_1990.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Advani_Yatra_1990.svg/440px-Advani_Yatra_1990.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="808" data-file-height="922" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="center">The planned route of <a href="/wiki/L._K._Advani" title="L. K. Advani">L. K. Advani</a>'s <i>Rath Yatra</i>, beginning in <a href="/wiki/Somnath" class="mw-redirect" title="Somnath">Somnath</a> on 25 September 1990 and ending in <a href="/wiki/Ayodhya" title="Ayodhya">Ayodhya</a> on 30 October</div></div></div></div><br />The <i><b><a href="/wiki/Ram_Rath_Yatra" title="Ram Rath Yatra">Ram Rath Yatra</a></b></i> was a political and religious rally that lasted from September to October 1990. It was organised by the <a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party">Bharatiya Janata Party</a> (BJP) and its <a href="/wiki/Hindutva" title="Hindutva">Hindu nationalist</a> affiliates, and led by the then-president of the BJP, <a href="/wiki/L._K._Advani" title="L. K. Advani">L. K. Advani</a>. The purpose of the <i>yatra</i> was to support the agitation, led by the <a href="/wiki/Vishwa_Hindu_Parishad" class="mw-redirect" title="Vishwa Hindu Parishad">Vishwa Hindu Parishad</a> (VHP) and its affiliates in the <a href="/wiki/Sangh_Parivar" title="Sangh Parivar">Sangh Parivar</a>, to erect a <a href="/wiki/Ram_Mandir,_Ayodhya" class="mw-redirect" title="Ram Mandir, Ayodhya">temple</a> to the Hindu deity <a href="/wiki/Rama" title="Rama">Rama</a> on the site of the <a href="/wiki/Babri_Masjid" title="Babri Masjid">Babri Masjid</a>.<br /><br />The <i>masjid</i>, or mosque, had been built in the city of <a href="/wiki/Ayodhya" title="Ayodhya">Ayodhya</a> following the <a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughal</a> conquest of the region in 1528. According to hearsay, it was built over a temple dedicated to <a href="/wiki/Rama" title="Rama">Rama</a>, and stood on the site of his birth. In the 1980s, the VHP and other Sangh Parivar affiliates began an agitation to build a temple to Rama at the site, with the BJP lending political support to the movement. In 1990, the government of India led by <a href="/wiki/V._P._Singh" title="V. P. Singh">V. P. Singh</a> decided to implement some of the recommendations of the <a href="/wiki/Mandal_commission" class="mw-redirect" title="Mandal commission">Mandal commission</a>, and announced that twenty-seven percent of government jobs would be <a href="/wiki/Reservation_in_India" title="Reservation in India">reserved for people from Other Backward Class</a>. This announcement threatened the electoral constituency of the BJP, which decided to use the <a href="/wiki/Ayodhya_dispute" title="Ayodhya dispute">Ayodhya dispute</a> to unite the Hindu vote by mobilising anti-Muslim sentiment. (<b><a href="/wiki/Ram_Rath_Yatra" title="Ram Rath Yatra">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 6 Adi Shankara, the most prominent exponent of Advaita Vedānta tradition. "I am other than name, form and action. My nature is ever free! I am Self, the supreme unconditioned Brahman. I am pure Awareness, always non-dual." Adi Shankara, Upadesasahasri 11.7 Advaita Vedanta (/ʌdˈvaɪtə vɛˈdɑːntə/; Sanskrit: अद्वैत वेदान्त, IAST: Advaita Vedānta) is a Hindu tradition of textual exegesis and philosophy which states that jivatman, the individual experiencing self, is ultimately pure awareness mistakenly identified with body and the senses, and non-different ("na aparah") from Ātman-Brahman, the highest Self or Reality. The term Advaita literally means "non-secondness", but is usually rendered as "nondualism", and often equated with monism. It rejects the Samkhya-dualism between Purusha, pure awareness or consciousness, and Prakriti ('nature', which includes matter but also cognition and emotion) as the two equal basic principles of existence. Instead, it proposes that Atman-Brahman (awareness, purusha) alone is ultimately real, and, though unchanging, the cause and origin of the transient phenomenal world (prakriti). In this view, the jivatman or individual self is a mere reflection or limitation of singular Ātman in a multitude of apparent individual bodies. It regards the material world as an illusory appearance (maya) or "an unreal manifestation (vivarta) of Brahman," the latter as proposed by the 13th century scholar Prakasatman. Advaita Vedanta is a Hindu sādhanā, a path of spiritual discipline and experience, and states that moksha (liberation from suffering and rebirth) is attained through knowledge of Brahman, recognizing the illusoriness of the phenomenal world and disidentification from the body-mind complex and the notion of 'doership', and acquiring vidyā (knowledge) of one's true identity as Atman-Brahman, self-luminous (svayam prakāśa) awareness or Witness-consciousness. Upanishadic statements such as tat tvam asi, "that['s how] you are," destroy the ignorance (avidyā) regarding one's true identity by revealing that (jiv)Ātman is non-different from immortal Brahman. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 6 Adi Shankara, the most prominent exponent of Advaita Vedānta tradition. "I am other than name, form and action. My nature is ever free! I am Self, the supreme unconditioned Brahman. I am pure Awareness, always non-dual." Adi Shankara, Upadesasahasri 11.7 Advaita Vedanta (/ʌdˈvaɪtə vɛˈdɑːntə/; Sanskrit: अद्वैत वेदान्त, IAST: Advaita Vedānta) is a Hindu tradition of textual exegesis and philosophy which states that jivatman, the individual experiencing self, is ultimately pure awareness mistakenly identified with body and the senses, and non-different ("na aparah") from Ātman-Brahman, the highest Self or Reality. The term Advaita literally means "non-secondness", but is usually rendered as "nondualism", and often equated with monism. It rejects the Samkhya-dualism between Purusha, pure awareness or consciousness, and Prakriti ('nature', which includes matter but also cognition and emotion) as the two equal basic principles of existence. Instead, it proposes that Atman-Brahman (awareness, purusha) alone is ultimately real, and, though unchanging, the cause and origin of the transient phenomenal world (prakriti). In this view, the jivatman or individual self is a mere reflection or limitation of singular Ātman in a multitude of apparent individual bodies. It regards the material world as an illusory appearance (maya) or "an unreal manifestation (vivarta) of Brahman," the latter as proposed by the 13th century scholar Prakasatman. Advaita Vedanta is a Hindu sādhanā, a path of spiritual discipline and experience, and states that moksha (liberation from suffering and rebirth) is attained through knowledge of Brahman, recognizing the illusoriness of the phenomenal world and disidentification from the body-mind complex and the notion of 'doership', and acquiring vidyā (knowledge) of one's true identity as Atman-Brahman, self-luminous (svayam prakāśa) awareness or Witness-consciousness. Upanishadic statements such as tat tvam asi, "that['s how] you are," destroy the ignorance (avidyā) regarding one's true identity by revealing that (jiv)Ātman is non-different from immortal Brahman. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 6</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Raja_Ravi_Varma_-_Sankaracharya.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Raja_Ravi_Varma_-_Sankaracharya.jpg/220px-Raja_Ravi_Varma_-_Sankaracharya.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="310" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Raja_Ravi_Varma_-_Sankaracharya.jpg/330px-Raja_Ravi_Varma_-_Sankaracharya.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Raja_Ravi_Varma_-_Sankaracharya.jpg/440px-Raja_Ravi_Varma_-_Sankaracharya.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5146" data-file-height="7262" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Adi_Shankara" title="Adi Shankara">Adi Shankara</a>, the most prominent exponent of Advaita Vedānta tradition.<br />"I am other than name, form and action.<br />My nature is ever free!<br />I am Self, the supreme unconditioned Brahman.<br />I am pure Awareness, always non-dual."<br />Adi Shankara, <a href="/wiki/Upadesasahasri" class="mw-redirect" title="Upadesasahasri">Upadesasahasri</a> 11.7</figcaption></figure><br /><br /><i><b><a href="/wiki/Advaita_Vedanta" title="Advaita Vedanta">Advaita Vedanta</a></b></i> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ʌ/: 'u' in 'cut'">ʌ</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'v' in 'vie'">v</span><span title="/aɪ/: 'i' in 'tide'">aɪ</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span></span><span class="wrap"> </span><span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'v' in 'vie'">v</span><span title="/ɛ/: 'e' in 'dress'">ɛ</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span><span title="/ɑː/: 'a' in 'father'">ɑː</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span></span>/</a></span></span>; <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanskrit language">Sanskrit</a>: <span lang="sa">अद्वैत वेदान्त</span>, <a href="/wiki/IAST" class="mw-redirect" title="IAST">IAST</a>: <i><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">Advaita Vedānta</i></span></i>) is a <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hindu</a> tradition of textual exegesis and <a href="/wiki/Hindu_philosophy" title="Hindu philosophy">philosophy</a> which states that <i><a href="/wiki/Jiva" title="Jiva">jivatman</a></i>, the individual experiencing self, is ultimately pure awareness mistakenly identified with body and the senses, and non-different ("na aparah") from <i><a href="/wiki/%C4%80tman_(Hinduism)" title="Ātman (Hinduism)">Ātman</a>-<a href="/wiki/Brahman" title="Brahman">Brahman</a></i>, the highest Self or <a href="/wiki/Ultimate_Reality" class="mw-redirect" title="Ultimate Reality">Reality</a>. The term <i>Advaita</i> literally means "non-secondness", but is usually rendered as "<a href="/wiki/Nonduality_(spirituality)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nonduality (spirituality)">nondualism</a>", and often equated with <a href="/wiki/Monism" title="Monism">monism</a>. It rejects the <a href="/wiki/Samkhya" title="Samkhya">Samkhya</a>-dualism between <i><a href="/wiki/Purusha" title="Purusha">Purusha</a></i>, pure awareness or consciousness, and <i><a href="/wiki/Prakriti" class="mw-redirect" title="Prakriti">Prakriti</a></i> ('nature', which includes matter but also cognition and emotion) as the two equal basic principles of existence. Instead, it proposes that <i>Atman-Brahman</i> (awareness, <i>purusha</i>) alone is ultimately <a href="/wiki/Satya" title="Satya">real</a>, and, though unchanging, the cause and origin of the transient <a href="/wiki/Phenomenon_(philosophy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Phenomenon (philosophy)">phenomenal world</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Prakriti" class="mw-redirect" title="Prakriti">prakriti</a></i>). In this view, the <i>jivatman</i> or individual self is a mere reflection or limitation of singular <i>Ātman</i> in a multitude of apparent individual bodies. It regards the material world as an illusory appearance (<i><a href="/wiki/Maya_(religion)" title="Maya (religion)">maya</a></i>) or "an unreal manifestation (<i><a href="/wiki/Vivartavada" title="Vivartavada">vivarta</a></i>) of Brahman," the latter as proposed by the 13th century scholar <a href="/wiki/Prakasatman" class="mw-redirect" title="Prakasatman">Prakasatman</a>.<br /><br />Advaita Vedanta is a <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hindu</a> <a href="/wiki/S%C4%81dhan%C4%81" title="Sādhanā">sādhanā</a>, a path of spiritual discipline and experience, and states that <i><a href="/wiki/Moksha" title="Moksha">moksha</a></i> (liberation from suffering and rebirth) is attained through knowledge of Brahman, recognizing the illusoriness of the phenomenal world and disidentification from the body-mind complex and the notion of 'doership', and acquiring <i><a href="/wiki/Vidya_(Knowledge)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vidya (Knowledge)">vidyā</a></i> (knowledge) of one's true identity as <i>Atman</i>-<i>Brahman</i>, self-luminous (<i><a href="/wiki/Svayam_prak%C4%81%C5%9Ba" class="mw-redirect" title="Svayam prakāśa">svayam prakāśa</a></i>) awareness or <a href="/wiki/Sakshi_(Witness)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sakshi (Witness)">Witness-consciousness</a>. Upanishadic statements such as <i><a href="/wiki/Tat_tvam_asi" class="mw-redirect" title="Tat tvam asi">tat tvam asi</a></i>, "that['s how] you are," destroy the ignorance (<i><a href="/wiki/Avidya_(Hinduism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Avidya (Hinduism)">avidyā</a></i>) regarding one's true identity by revealing that <i>(jiv)Ātman</i> is non-different from immortal <i>Brahman</i>. (<b><a href="/wiki/Advaita_Vedanta" title="Advaita Vedanta">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 7 The supreme God is Shiva, Shiva is Brahman, Brahman is Atman, Know your Atman, Know yourself to be that Brahman, states the Kaivalya Upanishad The Kaivalya Upanishad (Sanskrit: कैवल्य उपनिषद्) is an ancient Sanskrit text and one of the minor Upanishads of Hinduism. It is classified as a Shaiva Upanishad, and survives into modern times in two versions, one attached to the Krishna Yajurveda and other attached to the Atharvaveda. It is, as an Upanishad, a part of the corpus of Vedanta literature collection that presents the philosophical concepts of Hinduism. The Upanishad extols Shiva, aloneness and renunciation, describes the inner state of man in his personal spiritual journey detached from the world. The text is notable for presenting Shaivism in Vedanta, discussing Atman (Self) and its relation to Brahman, and Self-knowledge as the path to kaivalya (liberation). (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 7 The supreme God is Shiva, Shiva is Brahman, Brahman is Atman, Know your Atman, Know yourself to be that Brahman, states the Kaivalya Upanishad The Kaivalya Upanishad (Sanskrit: कैवल्य उपनिषद्) is an ancient Sanskrit text and one of the minor Upanishads of Hinduism. It is classified as a Shaiva Upanishad, and survives into modern times in two versions, one attached to the Krishna Yajurveda and other attached to the Atharvaveda. It is, as an Upanishad, a part of the corpus of Vedanta literature collection that presents the philosophical concepts of Hinduism. The Upanishad extols Shiva, aloneness and renunciation, describes the inner state of man in his personal spiritual journey detached from the world. The text is notable for presenting Shaivism in Vedanta, discussing Atman (Self) and its relation to Brahman, and Self-knowledge as the path to kaivalya (liberation). (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 7</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><div class="thumb tleft" style="overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:308px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="width:auto;overflow:auto;"><div style="white-space:normal"><br /><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Shiva_Kanachur_MP.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Shiva_Kanachur_MP.JPG/220px-Shiva_Kanachur_MP.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="224" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/06/Shiva_Kanachur_MP.JPG 1.5x" data-file-width="303" data-file-height="309" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="center">The supreme God is Shiva, Shiva is Brahman, Brahman is Atman, Know your Atman, Know yourself to be that Brahman, states the <i>Kaivalya Upanishad</i></div></div></div></div><br />The <i><b><a href="/wiki/Kaivalya_Upanishad" title="Kaivalya Upanishad">Kaivalya Upanishad</a></b></i> (<a href="/wiki/Sanskrit_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanskrit language">Sanskrit</a>: <span lang="sa">कैवल्य उपनिषद्</span>) is an ancient <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a> text and one of the minor Upanishads of <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a>. It is classified as a <a href="/wiki/Shaiva" class="mw-redirect" title="Shaiva">Shaiva</a> Upanishad, and survives into modern times in two versions, one attached to the <a href="/wiki/Yajurveda" title="Yajurveda">Krishna Yajurveda</a> and other attached to the <a href="/wiki/Atharvaveda" title="Atharvaveda">Atharvaveda</a>. It is, as an Upanishad, a part of the corpus of <a href="/wiki/Vedanta" title="Vedanta">Vedanta</a> literature collection that presents the philosophical concepts of Hinduism.<br /><br />The Upanishad extols <a href="/wiki/Shiva" title="Shiva">Shiva</a>, aloneness and renunciation, describes the inner state of man in his personal spiritual journey detached from the world. The text is notable for presenting <a href="/wiki/Shaivism" title="Shaivism">Shaivism</a> in Vedanta, discussing <a href="/wiki/Atman_(Hinduism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Atman (Hinduism)">Atman</a> (Self) and its relation to <a href="/wiki/Brahman" title="Brahman">Brahman</a>, and Self-knowledge as the path to <i><a href="/wiki/Kaivalya" title="Kaivalya">kaivalya</a></i> (liberation). (<b><a href="/wiki/Kaivalya_Upanishad" title="Kaivalya Upanishad">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 8 Lord Mahavira, the torch-bearer of ahimsa Ahimsa (Sanskrit: अहिंसा, IAST: ahiṃsā, lit. 'nonviolence') is the ancient Indian principle of nonviolence which applies to actions towards all living beings. It is a key virtue in Indian religions like Jainism, Buddhism, Hinduism, and Sikhism. Ahimsa (also spelled Ahinsa) is one of the cardinal virtues of Jainism, where it is the first of the Pancha Mahavrata. It is also one of the central precepts of Hinduism and is the first of the five precepts of Buddhism. Ahimsa is inspired by the premise that all living beings have the spark of the divine spiritual energy; therefore, to hurt another being is to hurt oneself. Ahimsa is also related to the notion that all acts of violence have karmic consequences. While ancient scholars of Brahmanism had already investigated and refined the principles of ahimsa, the concept reached an extraordinary development in the ethical philosophy of Jainism. Mahavira, the twenty-fourth and the last tirthankara of Jainism, further strengthened the idea in the 6th century BCE. About the 5th century CE, Valluvar emphasized ahimsa and moral vegetarianism as virtues for an individual, which formed the core of his teachings in the Kural. Perhaps the most popular advocate of the principle of ahimsa in modern times was Mahatma Gandhi. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 8 Lord Mahavira, the torch-bearer of ahimsa Ahimsa (Sanskrit: अहिंसा, IAST: ahiṃsā, lit. 'nonviolence') is the ancient Indian principle of nonviolence which applies to actions towards all living beings. It is a key virtue in Indian religions like Jainism, Buddhism, Hinduism, and Sikhism. Ahimsa (also spelled Ahinsa) is one of the cardinal virtues of Jainism, where it is the first of the Pancha Mahavrata. It is also one of the central precepts of Hinduism and is the first of the five precepts of Buddhism. Ahimsa is inspired by the premise that all living beings have the spark of the divine spiritual energy; therefore, to hurt another being is to hurt oneself. Ahimsa is also related to the notion that all acts of violence have karmic consequences. While ancient scholars of Brahmanism had already investigated and refined the principles of ahimsa, the concept reached an extraordinary development in the ethical philosophy of Jainism. Mahavira, the twenty-fourth and the last tirthankara of Jainism, further strengthened the idea in the 6th century BCE. About the 5th century CE, Valluvar emphasized ahimsa and moral vegetarianism as virtues for an individual, which formed the core of his teachings in the Kural. Perhaps the most popular advocate of the principle of ahimsa in modern times was Mahatma Gandhi. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 8</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lord_Mahavira,_the_torch-bearer_of_ahimsa.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Lord_Mahavira%2C_the_torch-bearer_of_ahimsa.jpg/220px-Lord_Mahavira%2C_the_torch-bearer_of_ahimsa.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="272" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Lord_Mahavira%2C_the_torch-bearer_of_ahimsa.jpg/330px-Lord_Mahavira%2C_the_torch-bearer_of_ahimsa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Lord_Mahavira%2C_the_torch-bearer_of_ahimsa.jpg/440px-Lord_Mahavira%2C_the_torch-bearer_of_ahimsa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="770" data-file-height="953" /></a><figcaption>Lord <a href="/wiki/Mahavira" title="Mahavira">Mahavira</a>, the torch-bearer of ahimsa</figcaption></figure><br /><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Ahimsa" title="Ahimsa"><span title="Sanskrit-language romanization"><i lang="sa-Latn">Ahimsa</i></span></a></b> (<a href="/wiki/Sanskrit_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanskrit language">Sanskrit</a>: <span lang="sa">अहिंसा</span>, <a href="/wiki/IAST" class="mw-redirect" title="IAST">IAST</a>: <span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">ahiṃsā</i></span>, <abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">nonviolence</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>) is the ancient Indian principle of <a href="/wiki/Nonviolence" title="Nonviolence">nonviolence</a> which applies to actions towards all living beings. It is a key <a href="/wiki/Virtue" title="Virtue">virtue</a> in <a href="/wiki/Indian_religions" title="Indian religions">Indian religions</a> like <a href="/wiki/Jainism" title="Jainism">Jainism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sikhism" title="Sikhism">Sikhism</a>.<br /><span title="Sanskrit-language romanization"><i lang="sa-Latn">Ahimsa</i></span> (also spelled Ahinsa) is one of the cardinal virtues of Jainism, where it is the first of the <a href="/wiki/Jain_Ethics" class="mw-redirect" title="Jain Ethics">Pancha Mahavrata</a>. It is also one of the central precepts of <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a> and is the first of the <a href="/wiki/Five_precepts" title="Five precepts">five precepts</a> of Buddhism. <span title="Sanskrit-language romanization"><i lang="sa-Latn">Ahimsa</i></span> is inspired by the premise that all living beings have the spark of the divine spiritual energy; therefore, to hurt another being is to hurt oneself. <span title="Sanskrit-language romanization"><i lang="sa-Latn">Ahimsa</i></span> is also related to the notion that all acts of violence have <a href="/wiki/Karma" title="Karma">karmic</a> consequences. While ancient scholars of Brahmanism had already investigated and refined the principles of <span title="Sanskrit-language romanization"><i lang="sa-Latn">ahimsa</i></span>, the concept reached an extraordinary development in the ethical philosophy of Jainism. <a href="/wiki/Mahavira" title="Mahavira">Mahavira</a>, the twenty-fourth and the last <span title="Sanskrit-language romanization"><i lang="sa-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Tirthankara" title="Tirthankara">tirthankara</a></i></span> of Jainism, further strengthened the idea in the 6th century <span title="Before Common Era">BCE</span>. About the 5th century <span title="Common Era">CE</span>, <a href="/wiki/Valluvar" class="mw-redirect" title="Valluvar">Valluvar</a> emphasized <span title="Sanskrit-language romanization"><i lang="sa-Latn">ahimsa</i></span> and <a href="/wiki/Ethics_of_eating_meat" title="Ethics of eating meat">moral vegetarianism</a> as <a href="/wiki/Virtue" title="Virtue">virtues</a> for an individual, which formed the core of his teachings in the <a href="/wiki/Kural" title="Kural">Kural</a>. Perhaps the most popular advocate of the principle of <span title="Sanskrit-language romanization"><i lang="sa-Latn">ahimsa</i></span> in modern times was <a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Mahatma Gandhi">Mahatma Gandhi</a>. (<b><a href="/wiki/Ahimsa" title="Ahimsa">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 9 Khandoba with his two chief wives: Mhalsa and Banai Banai (Marathi: बाणाई Bāṇāi, sometimes बानाई), also known as Banu (Bāṇu, बानू) and Banu-bai (Bāṇu-bāī, बानू-बाई), is a Hindu goddess and the second wife of Khandoba, a form of the god Shiva worshipped in the Deccan – predominantly in the Indian states of Maharashtra and Karnataka. Khandoba is portrayed as a king of Jejuri, where his chief temple stands. Some traditions do not give her the status of a legal wife and treat her as a concubine of Khandoba. While scriptures related to Khandoba do not mention Banai, she is a central subject of folk songs. Banai is considered a Dhangar, a sheep herding caste, and is sometimes regarded to be of celestial origin. Oral traditions chiefly discuss the tale of her marriage to Khandoba and her conflicts with his first wife Mhalsa. Banai is an antithesis of Mhalsa; together they complete the god. Banai is generally depicted with Khandoba and often is also accompanied by Mhalsa. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 9 Khandoba with his two chief wives: Mhalsa and Banai Banai (Marathi: बाणाई Bāṇāi, sometimes बानाई), also known as Banu (Bāṇu, बानू) and Banu-bai (Bāṇu-bāī, बानू-बाई), is a Hindu goddess and the second wife of Khandoba, a form of the god Shiva worshipped in the Deccan – predominantly in the Indian states of Maharashtra and Karnataka. Khandoba is portrayed as a king of Jejuri, where his chief temple stands. Some traditions do not give her the status of a legal wife and treat her as a concubine of Khandoba. While scriptures related to Khandoba do not mention Banai, she is a central subject of folk songs. Banai is considered a Dhangar, a sheep herding caste, and is sometimes regarded to be of celestial origin. Oral traditions chiefly discuss the tale of her marriage to Khandoba and her conflicts with his first wife Mhalsa. Banai is an antithesis of Mhalsa; together they complete the god. Banai is generally depicted with Khandoba and often is also accompanied by Mhalsa. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 9</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Khandoba_Mhalsa_Banai.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Khandoba_Mhalsa_Banai.jpg/220px-Khandoba_Mhalsa_Banai.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="280" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Khandoba_Mhalsa_Banai.jpg/330px-Khandoba_Mhalsa_Banai.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Khandoba_Mhalsa_Banai.jpg/440px-Khandoba_Mhalsa_Banai.jpg 2x" data-file-width="728" data-file-height="927" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Khandoba" title="Khandoba">Khandoba</a> with his two chief wives: <a href="/wiki/Mahalasa" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahalasa">Mhalsa</a> and Banai</figcaption></figure><br /><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Banai_(goddess)" title="Banai (goddess)">Banai</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/Marathi_language" title="Marathi language">Marathi</a>: <span lang="mr">बाणाई</span> <span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">Bāṇāi</i></span>, sometimes बानाई), also known as <b>Banu</b> (Bāṇu, बानू) and <b>Banu-<a href="/wiki/Bai_(suffix)" title="Bai (suffix)">bai</a></b> (Bāṇu-bāī, बानू-बाई), is a <a href="/wiki/Hindu_goddess" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu goddess">Hindu goddess</a> and the second wife of <a href="/wiki/Khandoba" title="Khandoba">Khandoba</a>, a form of the god <a href="/wiki/Shiva" title="Shiva">Shiva</a> worshipped in the <a href="/wiki/Deccan_Plateau" title="Deccan Plateau">Deccan</a> – predominantly in the Indian states of <a href="/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra">Maharashtra</a> and <a href="/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka">Karnataka</a>. Khandoba is portrayed as a king of <a href="/wiki/Jejuri" title="Jejuri">Jejuri</a>, where his chief temple stands. Some traditions do not give her the status of a legal wife and treat her as a <a href="/wiki/Concubine" class="mw-redirect" title="Concubine">concubine</a> of Khandoba.<br /><br />While scriptures related to Khandoba do not mention Banai, she is a central subject of folk songs. Banai is considered a <a href="/wiki/Dhangar" title="Dhangar">Dhangar</a>, a sheep herding <a href="/wiki/Caste" title="Caste">caste</a>, and is sometimes regarded to be of celestial origin. Oral traditions chiefly discuss the tale of her marriage to Khandoba and her conflicts with his first wife <a href="/wiki/Mhalsa" title="Mhalsa">Mhalsa</a>. Banai is an antithesis of Mhalsa; together they complete the god. Banai is generally depicted with Khandoba and often is also accompanied by Mhalsa. (<b><a href="/wiki/Banai_(goddess)" title="Banai (goddess)">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 10 Javanese shadow puppet of Kripa Kripa (Sanskrit: कृप, lit. 'pity', IAST: Kṛpa), also known as Kripacharya (Sanskrit: कृपाचार्य, IAST: Kṛpācārya), is a figure in Hindu mythology. According to the epic Mahabharata, he was a council member of Kuru Kingdom and a teacher of the Pandava and Kaurava princes. Born to warrior-sage Sharadvan and apsara Janapadi in an extraordinary manner, Kripa and his twin-sister Kripi were adopted by King Shantanu of Kuru Kingdom. Kripa was trained by his birth father and became a great archer like him. Later in the epic, he fought on the Kauravas's side against the Pandavas in the Kurukshetra war and was among the three survivors on the Kaurava side, along with Ashwatthama and Kritavarma. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 10 Javanese shadow puppet of Kripa Kripa (Sanskrit: कृप, lit. 'pity', IAST: Kṛpa), also known as Kripacharya (Sanskrit: कृपाचार्य, IAST: Kṛpācārya), is a figure in Hindu mythology. According to the epic Mahabharata, he was a council member of Kuru Kingdom and a teacher of the Pandava and Kaurava princes. Born to warrior-sage Sharadvan and apsara Janapadi in an extraordinary manner, Kripa and his twin-sister Kripi were adopted by King Shantanu of Kuru Kingdom. Kripa was trained by his birth father and became a great archer like him. Later in the epic, he fought on the Kauravas's side against the Pandavas in the Kurukshetra war and was among the three survivors on the Kaurava side, along with Ashwatthama and Kritavarma. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 10</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><div class="thumb tleft" style="overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:308px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="width:auto;overflow:auto;"><div style="white-space:normal"><br /><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Krepa-kl.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Krepa-kl.jpg/220px-Krepa-kl.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="322" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Krepa-kl.jpg/330px-Krepa-kl.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/57/Krepa-kl.jpg 2x" data-file-width="385" data-file-height="563" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="center">Javanese shadow puppet of Kripa</div></div></div></div><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Kripa" title="Kripa">Kripa</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/Sanskrit_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanskrit language">Sanskrit</a>: <span lang="sa">कृप</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Literal_translation" title="Literal translation">lit.</a> </small>'pity', <a href="/wiki/IAST" class="mw-redirect" title="IAST">IAST</a>: <i><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">Kṛpa</i></span></i>), also known as <b>Kripacharya</b> (<a href="/wiki/Sanskrit_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanskrit language">Sanskrit</a>: <span lang="sa">कृपाचार्य</span>, <a href="/wiki/IAST" class="mw-redirect" title="IAST">IAST</a>: <i><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">Kṛpācārya</i></span></i>), is a figure in <a href="/wiki/Hindu_mythology" title="Hindu mythology">Hindu mythology</a>. According to the epic <i><a href="/wiki/Mahabharata" title="Mahabharata">Mahabharata</a></i>, he was a council member of <a href="/wiki/Kuru_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Kuru Kingdom">Kuru Kingdom</a> and a teacher of the <a href="/wiki/Pandava" title="Pandava">Pandava</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kaurava" title="Kaurava">Kaurava</a> princes.<br /><br />Born to warrior-sage Sharadvan and <i><a href="/wiki/Apsara" title="Apsara">apsara</a></i> Janapadi in an extraordinary manner, Kripa and his twin-sister Kripi were adopted by King <a href="/wiki/Shantanu" title="Shantanu">Shantanu</a> of Kuru Kingdom. Kripa was trained by his birth father and became a great archer like him. Later in the epic, he fought on the Kauravas's side against the Pandavas in the <a href="/wiki/Kurukshetra_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurukshetra war">Kurukshetra war</a> and was among the three survivors on the Kaurava side, along with <a href="/wiki/Ashwatthama" title="Ashwatthama">Ashwatthama</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kritavarma" title="Kritavarma">Kritavarma</a>. (<b><a href="/wiki/Kripa" title="Kripa">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> </ul></div></div> <div class="noprint" style="margin:0.3em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em; padding:0.3em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em; text-align:right;"><b><a href="/wiki/Portal:Hinduism/Selected_articles" title="Portal:Hinduism/Selected articles">More selected articles</a></b></div><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:black;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid red;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:orange;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:1px 1px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:black;font-size:80%"></div><h2 id="General_images_-_load_new_batch" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:black;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em">General images - <span class="noprint plainlinks purgelink"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal:Hinduism&action=purge"><span title="Purge this page"><small><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkblue"><i>load new batch</i></span></small></span></a></span></h2></div><div style="color:#000000;opacity:1;border:1px solid red;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:#f8fffc;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><small><b>The following are images from various Hinduism-related articles on Wikipedia.</b></small></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1021884966"><div class="randomSlideshow-container" style="max-width:100%; margin:-4em auto;"><div class="nomobile"></div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-slideshow switcher-container"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Peerital.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 1A new born's Namakarana ceremony. The grandmother is whispering the name into the baby's ear, while friends and family watch. (from Samskara (rite of passage))"><img alt="Image 1A new born's Namakarana ceremony. The grandmother is whispering the name into the baby's ear, while friends and family watch. (from Samskara (rite of passage))" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Peerital.jpg/77px-Peerital.jpg" decoding="async" width="77" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Peerital.jpg/115px-Peerital.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Peerital.jpg/154px-Peerital.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1998" data-file-height="3110" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 1</span></span>A new born's Namakarana ceremony. The grandmother is whispering the name into the baby's ear, while friends and family watch. (from <b><a href="/wiki/Samskara_(rite_of_passage)" title="Samskara (rite of passage)">Samskara (rite of passage)</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF._%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BF._%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8B_%E0%A7%A8%E0%A7%A6%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%AE.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 2Goddess Durga and a pantheon of other gods and goddesses being worshipped during Durga Puja Festival in Kolkata. (from Hindu deities)"><img alt="Image 2Goddess Durga and a pantheon of other gods and goddesses being worshipped during Durga Puja Festival in Kolkata. (from Hindu deities)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF._%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BF._%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8B_%E0%A7%A8%E0%A7%A6%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%AE.jpg/120px-%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF._%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BF._%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8B_%E0%A7%A8%E0%A7%A6%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%AE.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="72" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF._%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BF._%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8B_%E0%A7%A8%E0%A7%A6%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%AE.jpg/180px-%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF._%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BF._%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8B_%E0%A7%A8%E0%A7%A6%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%AE.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF._%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BF._%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8B_%E0%A7%A8%E0%A7%A6%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%AE.jpg/240px-%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF._%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BF._%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8B_%E0%A7%A8%E0%A7%A6%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%AE.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5114" data-file-height="3073" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 2</span></span>Goddess <a href="/wiki/Durga" title="Durga">Durga</a> and a pantheon of other gods and goddesses being worshipped during <a href="/wiki/Durga_Puja" title="Durga Puja">Durga Puja</a> Festival in Kolkata. (from <b><a href="/wiki/Hindu_deities" title="Hindu deities">Hindu deities</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Avatars.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 3The ten avatars of Vishnu, (Clockwise, from top left) Matsya, Kurma, Varaha, Vamana, Krishna, Kalki, Buddha, Parshurama, Rama and Narasimha, (in centre) Radha and Krishna. Painting currently in Victoria and Albert Museum. (from Hindu deities)"><img alt="Image 3The ten avatars of Vishnu, (Clockwise, from top left) Matsya, Kurma, Varaha, Vamana, Krishna, Kalki, Buddha, Parshurama, Rama and Narasimha, (in centre) Radha and Krishna. Painting currently in Victoria and Albert Museum. (from Hindu deities)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Avatars.jpg/96px-Avatars.jpg" decoding="async" width="96" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Avatars.jpg/143px-Avatars.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Avatars.jpg/191px-Avatars.jpg 2x" data-file-width="357" data-file-height="448" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 3</span></span>The ten avatars of <a href="/wiki/Vishnu" title="Vishnu">Vishnu</a>, (Clockwise, from top left) Matsya, Kurma, Varaha, Vamana, Krishna, Kalki, Buddha, Parshurama, Rama and Narasimha, (in centre) Radha and Krishna. Painting currently in <a href="/wiki/Victoria_and_Albert_Museum" title="Victoria and Albert Museum">Victoria and Albert Museum</a>. (from <b><a href="/wiki/Hindu_deities" title="Hindu deities">Hindu deities</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_yagyopaveet_sanskar_upanayana_samskara.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 4Upanayana samskara ceremony in progress. Typically, this ritual was for eight-year-olds in ancient India, but in the 1st millennium CE it became open to all ages. (from Samskara (rite of passage))"><img alt="Image 4Upanayana samskara ceremony in progress. Typically, this ritual was for eight-year-olds in ancient India, but in the 1st millennium CE it became open to all ages. (from Samskara (rite of passage))" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/A_yagyopaveet_sanskar_upanayana_samskara.jpg/120px-A_yagyopaveet_sanskar_upanayana_samskara.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/A_yagyopaveet_sanskar_upanayana_samskara.jpg/180px-A_yagyopaveet_sanskar_upanayana_samskara.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/A_yagyopaveet_sanskar_upanayana_samskara.jpg/240px-A_yagyopaveet_sanskar_upanayana_samskara.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="687" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 4</span></span>Upanayana samskara ceremony in progress. Typically, this ritual was for eight-year-olds in ancient India, but in the 1st millennium CE it became open to all ages. (from <b><a href="/wiki/Samskara_(rite_of_passage)" title="Samskara (rite of passage)">Samskara (rite of passage)</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Murudeshwar_Shiva.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 5Shaivism focuses on Shiva (from Hindu denominations)"><img alt="Image 5Shaivism focuses on Shiva (from Hindu denominations)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Murudeshwar_Shiva.jpg/119px-Murudeshwar_Shiva.jpg" decoding="async" width="119" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Murudeshwar_Shiva.jpg/179px-Murudeshwar_Shiva.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Murudeshwar_Shiva.jpg/239px-Murudeshwar_Shiva.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1038" data-file-height="1044" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 5</span></span>Shaivism focuses on Shiva (from <b><a href="/wiki/Hindu_denominations" title="Hindu denominations">Hindu denominations</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:AnnaPrashan_(Anna_Prashan)_-_Hindu_First_Rice_Eating_Ceremony.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 6Samskaras are, in one context, the diverse rites of passage of a human being from conception to cremation, signifying milestones in an individual's journey of life in Hinduism. Above is annaprashana samskara celebrating a baby's first taste of solid food. (from Samskara (rite of passage))"><img alt="Image 6Samskaras are, in one context, the diverse rites of passage of a human being from conception to cremation, signifying milestones in an individual's journey of life in Hinduism. Above is annaprashana samskara celebrating a baby's first taste of solid food. (from Samskara (rite of passage))" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/AnnaPrashan_%28Anna_Prashan%29_-_Hindu_First_Rice_Eating_Ceremony.JPG/120px-AnnaPrashan_%28Anna_Prashan%29_-_Hindu_First_Rice_Eating_Ceremony.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/AnnaPrashan_%28Anna_Prashan%29_-_Hindu_First_Rice_Eating_Ceremony.JPG/180px-AnnaPrashan_%28Anna_Prashan%29_-_Hindu_First_Rice_Eating_Ceremony.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/AnnaPrashan_%28Anna_Prashan%29_-_Hindu_First_Rice_Eating_Ceremony.JPG/240px-AnnaPrashan_%28Anna_Prashan%29_-_Hindu_First_Rice_Eating_Ceremony.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 6</span></span>Samskaras are, in one context, the diverse rites of passage of a human being from conception to cremation, signifying milestones in an individual's journey of life in Hinduism. Above is <i>annaprashana samskara</i> celebrating a baby's first taste of solid food. (from <b><a href="/wiki/Samskara_(rite_of_passage)" title="Samskara (rite of passage)">Samskara (rite of passage)</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_Surin.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 7Indra is a Vedic era deity, found in south and southeast Asia. Above Indra is part of the seal of a Thailand state. (from Hindu deities)"><img alt="Image 7Indra is a Vedic era deity, found in south and southeast Asia. Above Indra is part of the seal of a Thailand state. (from Hindu deities)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Seal_Surin.png/120px-Seal_Surin.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Seal_Surin.png/180px-Seal_Surin.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Seal_Surin.png/240px-Seal_Surin.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 7</span></span><a href="/wiki/Indra" title="Indra">Indra</a> is a Vedic era deity, found in south and southeast Asia. Above Indra is part of the seal of a <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a> state. (from <b><a href="/wiki/Hindu_deities" title="Hindu deities">Hindu deities</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bagamati_cremation.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 8A Hindu cremation rite in Nepal. The samskara above shows the body wrapped in saffron on a pyre. (from Samskara (rite of passage))"><img alt="Image 8A Hindu cremation rite in Nepal. The samskara above shows the body wrapped in saffron on a pyre. (from Samskara (rite of passage))" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Bagamati_cremation.jpg/120px-Bagamati_cremation.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Bagamati_cremation.jpg/180px-Bagamati_cremation.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Bagamati_cremation.jpg/240px-Bagamati_cremation.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 8</span></span>A Hindu cremation rite in <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a>. The samskara above shows the body wrapped in saffron on a pyre. (from <b><a href="/wiki/Samskara_(rite_of_passage)" title="Samskara (rite of passage)">Samskara (rite of passage)</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Six_Hinduism_deities._Surya,_Parvati,_Hanuman,_Lakshmi,_Vishnu,_and_Indra._All_of_them_came_from_India,_except_Vishnu_(from_the_Thai-Cambodian_border)._Various_eras._National_Museum_of_Scotland,_Edinburgh.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 9Six Hinduism deities. Surya, Parvati, Hanuman, Lakshmi, Vishnu, and Indra. All of these statues came from India, except Vishnu (from the Thai-Cambodian border). Various eras. National Museum of Scotland, Edinburgh (from Hindu deities)"><img alt="Image 9Six Hinduism deities. Surya, Parvati, Hanuman, Lakshmi, Vishnu, and Indra. All of these statues came from India, except Vishnu (from the Thai-Cambodian border). Various eras. National Museum of Scotland, Edinburgh (from Hindu deities)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Six_Hinduism_deities._Surya%2C_Parvati%2C_Hanuman%2C_Lakshmi%2C_Vishnu%2C_and_Indra._All_of_them_came_from_India%2C_except_Vishnu_%28from_the_Thai-Cambodian_border%29._Various_eras._National_Museum_of_Scotland%2C_Edinburgh.jpg/120px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Six_Hinduism_deities._Surya%2C_Parvati%2C_Hanuman%2C_Lakshmi%2C_Vishnu%2C_and_Indra._All_of_them_came_from_India%2C_except_Vishnu_%28from_the_Thai-Cambodian_border%29._Various_eras._National_Museum_of_Scotland%2C_Edinburgh.jpg/180px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Six_Hinduism_deities._Surya%2C_Parvati%2C_Hanuman%2C_Lakshmi%2C_Vishnu%2C_and_Indra._All_of_them_came_from_India%2C_except_Vishnu_%28from_the_Thai-Cambodian_border%29._Various_eras._National_Museum_of_Scotland%2C_Edinburgh.jpg/240px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2284" data-file-height="1844" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 9</span></span>Six Hinduism deities. Surya, Parvati, Hanuman, Lakshmi, Vishnu, and Indra. All of these statues came from India, except Vishnu (from the Thai-Cambodian border). Various eras. National Museum of Scotland, Edinburgh (from <b><a href="/wiki/Hindu_deities" title="Hindu deities">Hindu deities</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:3_Shaktism_goddesses_Devi_collage.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 10Shaktism is a Goddess-centric tradition of Hinduism. From left: Parvati/Durga, Kali and Lakshmi (from Hindu denominations)"><img alt="Image 10Shaktism is a Goddess-centric tradition of Hinduism. From left: Parvati/Durga, Kali and Lakshmi (from Hindu denominations)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/3_Shaktism_goddesses_Devi_collage.jpg/120px-3_Shaktism_goddesses_Devi_collage.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="55" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/3_Shaktism_goddesses_Devi_collage.jpg/180px-3_Shaktism_goddesses_Devi_collage.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/3_Shaktism_goddesses_Devi_collage.jpg/240px-3_Shaktism_goddesses_Devi_collage.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2908" data-file-height="1337" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 10</span></span>Shaktism is a Goddess-centric tradition of Hinduism. From left: <a href="/wiki/Parvati" title="Parvati">Parvati</a>/<a href="/wiki/Durga" title="Durga">Durga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kali" title="Kali">Kali</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lakshmi" title="Lakshmi">Lakshmi</a> (from <b><a href="/wiki/Hindu_denominations" title="Hindu denominations">Hindu denominations</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hindu_baby_first_head_shave_choulopan_chudakarana_sanskara.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 11A baby's first haircut is called choulam samskara. (from Samskara (rite of passage))"><img alt="Image 11A baby's first haircut is called choulam samskara. (from Samskara (rite of passage))" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Hindu_baby_first_head_shave_choulopan_chudakarana_sanskara.jpg/120px-Hindu_baby_first_head_shave_choulopan_chudakarana_sanskara.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Hindu_baby_first_head_shave_choulopan_chudakarana_sanskara.jpg/180px-Hindu_baby_first_head_shave_choulopan_chudakarana_sanskara.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Hindu_baby_first_head_shave_choulopan_chudakarana_sanskara.jpg/240px-Hindu_baby_first_head_shave_choulopan_chudakarana_sanskara.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="853" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 11</span></span>A baby's first haircut is called <i>choulam</i> samskara. (from <b><a href="/wiki/Samskara_(rite_of_passage)" title="Samskara (rite of passage)">Samskara (rite of passage)</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hindu_wedding_ceremony_fire.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 12A rite of passage with yajna ceremony often marks a Hindu wedding. (from Samskara (rite of passage))"><img alt="Image 12A rite of passage with yajna ceremony often marks a Hindu wedding. (from Samskara (rite of passage))" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Hindu_wedding_ceremony_fire.jpg/107px-Hindu_wedding_ceremony_fire.jpg" decoding="async" width="107" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Hindu_wedding_ceremony_fire.jpg/161px-Hindu_wedding_ceremony_fire.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Hindu_wedding_ceremony_fire.jpg/215px-Hindu_wedding_ceremony_fire.jpg 2x" data-file-width="433" data-file-height="484" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 12</span></span>A rite of passage with <a href="/wiki/Yajna" title="Yajna">yajna</a> ceremony often marks a Hindu wedding. (from <b><a href="/wiki/Samskara_(rite_of_passage)" title="Samskara (rite of passage)">Samskara (rite of passage)</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Surya_Majapahit_Diagram.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 13Ishvara is, along with Shiva, Vishnu and Brahma, one of the 17 deities commonly found in Indonesian Surya Majapahit Hindu arts and records. However, Ishvara represents different concepts in various Hindu philosophies. (from Hindu deities)"><img alt="Image 13Ishvara is, along with Shiva, Vishnu and Brahma, one of the 17 deities commonly found in Indonesian Surya Majapahit Hindu arts and records. However, Ishvara represents different concepts in various Hindu philosophies. (from Hindu deities)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Surya_Majapahit_Diagram.svg/120px-Surya_Majapahit_Diagram.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="104" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Surya_Majapahit_Diagram.svg/180px-Surya_Majapahit_Diagram.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Surya_Majapahit_Diagram.svg/240px-Surya_Majapahit_Diagram.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="330" data-file-height="287" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 13</span></span>Ishvara is, along with Shiva, Vishnu and Brahma, one of the 17 deities commonly found in Indonesian <a href="/wiki/Surya_Majapahit" title="Surya Majapahit">Surya Majapahit</a> Hindu arts and records. However, Ishvara represents different concepts in various Hindu philosophies. (from <b><a href="/wiki/Hindu_deities" title="Hindu deities">Hindu deities</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Choroonu_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 14Annaprashanam is the rite of passage where the baby is fed solid food for the first time. The ritual has regional names, such as Choroonu in Kerala. (from Samskara (rite of passage))"><img alt="Image 14Annaprashanam is the rite of passage where the baby is fed solid food for the first time. The ritual has regional names, such as Choroonu in Kerala. (from Samskara (rite of passage))" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Choroonu_02.jpg/120px-Choroonu_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Choroonu_02.jpg/180px-Choroonu_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Choroonu_02.jpg/240px-Choroonu_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 14</span></span>Annaprashanam is the rite of passage where the baby is fed solid food for the first time. The ritual has regional names, such as Choroonu in <a href="/wiki/Kerala" title="Kerala">Kerala</a>. (from <b><a href="/wiki/Samskara_(rite_of_passage)" title="Samskara (rite of passage)">Samskara (rite of passage)</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Group_of_Tamil_girls.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 15A Tamil Hindu girl (center) in 1870 wearing a half-saree, flowers and jewelry from her Ritu Kala samskara rite of passage (from Samskara (rite of passage))"><img alt="Image 15A Tamil Hindu girl (center) in 1870 wearing a half-saree, flowers and jewelry from her Ritu Kala samskara rite of passage (from Samskara (rite of passage))" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Group_of_Tamil_girls.jpg/101px-Group_of_Tamil_girls.jpg" decoding="async" width="101" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Group_of_Tamil_girls.jpg/151px-Group_of_Tamil_girls.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Group_of_Tamil_girls.jpg/202px-Group_of_Tamil_girls.jpg 2x" data-file-width="599" data-file-height="712" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 15</span></span>A Tamil Hindu girl (center) in 1870 wearing a half-saree, flowers and jewelry from her <i>Ritu Kala samskara</i> rite of passage (from <b><a href="/wiki/Samskara_(rite_of_passage)" title="Samskara (rite of passage)">Samskara (rite of passage)</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Early_piercing.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 16A Hindu girl after her Karnavedha rite of passage (ear piercing) (from Samskara (rite of passage))"><img alt="Image 16A Hindu girl after her Karnavedha rite of passage (ear piercing) (from Samskara (rite of passage))" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Early_piercing.jpg/80px-Early_piercing.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Early_piercing.jpg/120px-Early_piercing.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Early_piercing.jpg/160px-Early_piercing.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="1920" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 16</span></span>A Hindu girl after her Karnavedha rite of passage (ear piercing) (from <b><a href="/wiki/Samskara_(rite_of_passage)" title="Samskara (rite of passage)">Samskara (rite of passage)</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Krishna,_Kottangal_padayani.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 17Vaishnavism focuses on Vishnu or one of his avatars, such as Krishna above (from Hindu denominations)"><img alt="Image 17Vaishnavism focuses on Vishnu or one of his avatars, such as Krishna above (from Hindu denominations)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Krishna%2C_Kottangal_padayani.JPG/67px-Krishna%2C_Kottangal_padayani.JPG" decoding="async" width="67" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Krishna%2C_Kottangal_padayani.JPG/101px-Krishna%2C_Kottangal_padayani.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Krishna%2C_Kottangal_padayani.JPG/135px-Krishna%2C_Kottangal_padayani.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1584" data-file-height="2816" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 17</span></span>Vaishnavism focuses on Vishnu or one of his avatars, such as Krishna above (from <b><a href="/wiki/Hindu_denominations" title="Hindu denominations">Hindu denominations</a></b>)</div> </li> </ul></div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:black;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid red;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:orange;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:1px 1px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:black;font-size:80%"></div><h2 id="Selected_quote" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:black;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em">Selected quote</h2></div><div style="color:#000000;opacity:1;border:1px solid red;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:#f8fffc;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <div style="float:left;margin-right:1em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:George_bernard_shaw.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="George Bernard Shaw"><img alt="George Bernard Shaw" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/George_bernard_shaw.jpg/70px-George_bernard_shaw.jpg" decoding="async" width="70" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/George_bernard_shaw.jpg/105px-George_bernard_shaw.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/George_bernard_shaw.jpg/140px-George_bernard_shaw.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="2127" /></a></span> </div>The apparent multiplication of gods is bewildering at the first glance, but you soon discover that they are the same <a href="/wiki/GOD" class="mw-redirect" title="GOD">GOD</a>. There is always one uttermost God who defies personification. This makes <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a> the most tolerant religion in the world, because its one transcendent God includes all possible gods. In fact Hinduism is so elastic and so subtle that the most profound <a href="/wiki/Methodist" class="mw-redirect" title="Methodist">Methodist</a>, and crudest idolater, are equally at home with it. <div style="text-align:right; margin-right:10px"> — <b><a href="/wiki/George_Bernard_Shaw" title="George Bernard Shaw">George Bernard Shaw</a></b> (1856-1950) Nobel Laureate in Literature </div> <table class="noprint" width="100%" border="0" style="padding: 0; margin: 0; background-color:transparent"> <tbody><tr> <td><div style="text-align:left; margin-bottom:0px"><b><a href="/wiki/Portal:Hinduism/Selected_quote" title="Portal:Hinduism/Selected quote">More selected quotes</a></b></div></td> <td><div style="text-align:right;margin-right:10px;margin-bottom:0px;"><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Hinduism" class="extiw" title="q:Hinduism">More...</a></b></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div></div><div class="flex-columns-column"><div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:black;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid red;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:orange;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:1px 1px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:black;font-size:80%"></div><h2 id="Selected_biographies_-_load_new_batch" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:black;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em">Selected biographies - <span class="noprint plainlinks purgelink"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal:Hinduism&action=purge"><span title="Purge this page"><small><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkblue"><i>load new batch</i></span></small></span></a></span></h2></div><div style="color:#000000;opacity:1;border:1px solid red;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:#f8fffc;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <div style="font-size:105%;"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r987512734"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1021884966"><div class="randomSlideshow-container excerptSlideshow-container" style="max-width:100%; margin:-4em auto;"><div class="nomobile"></div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-slideshow switcher-container"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 1 Gandhi in 1931 Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (2 October 1869 – 30 January 1948) was an Indian lawyer, anti-colonial nationalist, and political ethicist who employed nonviolent resistance to lead the successful campaign for India's independence from British rule. He inspired movements for civil rights and freedom across the world. The honorific Mahātmā (from Sanskrit, meaning great-souled or venerable), first applied to him in South Africa in 1914, is now used throughout the world. Born and raised in a Hindu family in coastal Gujarat, Gandhi trained in the law at the Inner Temple in London and was called to the bar at the age of 22. After two uncertain years in India, where he was unable to start a successful law practice, Gandhi moved to South Africa in 1893 to represent an Indian merchant in a lawsuit. He went on to live in South Africa for 21 years. Here, Gandhi raised a family and first employed nonviolent resistance in a campaign for civil rights. In 1915, aged 45, he returned to India and soon set about organising peasants, farmers, and urban labourers to protest against discrimination and excessive land tax. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 1 Gandhi in 1931 Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (2 October 1869 – 30 January 1948) was an Indian lawyer, anti-colonial nationalist, and political ethicist who employed nonviolent resistance to lead the successful campaign for India's independence from British rule. He inspired movements for civil rights and freedom across the world. The honorific Mahātmā (from Sanskrit, meaning great-souled or venerable), first applied to him in South Africa in 1914, is now used throughout the world. Born and raised in a Hindu family in coastal Gujarat, Gandhi trained in the law at the Inner Temple in London and was called to the bar at the age of 22. After two uncertain years in India, where he was unable to start a successful law practice, Gandhi moved to South Africa in 1893 to represent an Indian merchant in a lawsuit. He went on to live in South Africa for 21 years. Here, Gandhi raised a family and first employed nonviolent resistance in a campaign for civil rights. In 1915, aged 45, he returned to India and soon set about organising peasants, farmers, and urban labourers to protest against discrimination and excessive land tax. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 1</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><div class="thumb tleft" style="overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:308px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="width:auto;overflow:auto;"><div style="white-space:normal"><br /><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Mahatma-Gandhi,_studio,_1931.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Mahatma-Gandhi%2C_studio%2C_1931.jpg/220px-Mahatma-Gandhi%2C_studio%2C_1931.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Mahatma-Gandhi%2C_studio%2C_1931.jpg/330px-Mahatma-Gandhi%2C_studio%2C_1931.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Mahatma-Gandhi%2C_studio%2C_1931.jpg/440px-Mahatma-Gandhi%2C_studio%2C_1931.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2620" data-file-height="3270" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="center">Gandhi in 1931</div></div></div></div><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Mahatma Gandhi">Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi</a></b> (2 October 1869 – 30 January 1948) was an Indian lawyer, <a href="/wiki/Anti-colonial_nationalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-colonial nationalism">anti-colonial nationalist</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Political_ethics" title="Political ethics">political ethicist</a> who employed <a href="/wiki/Nonviolent_resistance" title="Nonviolent resistance">nonviolent resistance</a> to lead the successful <a href="/wiki/Indian_independence_movement" title="Indian independence movement">campaign for India's independence</a> from <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British rule</a>. He inspired movements for <a href="/wiki/Civil_rights_movements" title="Civil rights movements">civil rights</a> and freedom across the world. The honorific <b><a href="/wiki/Mah%C4%81tm%C4%81" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahātmā">Mahātmā</a></b> (from <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a>, meaning great-souled or venerable), first applied to him in <a href="/wiki/Union_of_South_Africa" title="Union of South Africa">South Africa</a> in 1914, is now used throughout the world.<br /><br />Born and raised in a <a href="/wiki/Hindu" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu">Hindu</a> family in coastal <a href="/wiki/Gujarat" title="Gujarat">Gujarat</a>, Gandhi trained in the law at the <a href="/wiki/Inner_Temple" title="Inner Temple">Inner Temple</a> in London and was <a href="/wiki/Called_to_the_bar" class="mw-redirect" title="Called to the bar">called to the bar</a> at the age of 22. After two uncertain years in India, where he was unable to start a successful law practice, Gandhi moved to South Africa in 1893 to represent an Indian merchant in a lawsuit. He went on to live in South Africa for 21 years. Here, Gandhi raised a family and first employed nonviolent resistance in a campaign for civil rights. In 1915, aged 45, he returned to India and soon set about organising peasants, farmers, and urban labourers to protest against discrimination and excessive land tax. (<b><a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Mahatma Gandhi">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 2 Jagadguru Rambhadracharya delivering a sermon on 25 October 2009 in Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India Jagadguru Ramanandacharya Swami Rambhadracharya (born Pandit Giridhar Mishra on 14 January 1950) is an Indian Hindu spiritual leader, educator, Sanskrit scholar, polyglot, poet, author, textual commentator, philosopher, composer, singer, playwright and Katha artist based in Chitrakoot, India. He is one of four incumbent Jagadguru Ramanandacharya, and has held this title since 1988. Rambhadracharya is the founder and head of Tulsi Peeth, a religious and social service institution in Chitrakoot named after Saint Tulsidas. He is the founder and lifelong chancellor of the Jagadguru Rambhadracharya Handicapped University in Chitrakoot, which offers graduate and postgraduate courses exclusively to four types of disabled students. Rambhadracharya has been blind since the age of two months, had no formal education until the age of seventeen years, and has never used Braille or any other aid to learn or compose. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 2 Jagadguru Rambhadracharya delivering a sermon on 25 October 2009 in Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India Jagadguru Ramanandacharya Swami Rambhadracharya (born Pandit Giridhar Mishra on 14 January 1950) is an Indian Hindu spiritual leader, educator, Sanskrit scholar, polyglot, poet, author, textual commentator, philosopher, composer, singer, playwright and Katha artist based in Chitrakoot, India. He is one of four incumbent Jagadguru Ramanandacharya, and has held this title since 1988. Rambhadracharya is the founder and head of Tulsi Peeth, a religious and social service institution in Chitrakoot named after Saint Tulsidas. He is the founder and lifelong chancellor of the Jagadguru Rambhadracharya Handicapped University in Chitrakoot, which offers graduate and postgraduate courses exclusively to four types of disabled students. Rambhadracharya has been blind since the age of two months, had no formal education until the age of seventeen years, and has never used Braille or any other aid to learn or compose. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 2</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><div class="thumb tleft" style="overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:308px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="width:auto;overflow:auto;"><div style="white-space:normal"><br /><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Jagadguru_Rambhadracharya.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Jagadguru_Rambhadracharya.jpg/220px-Jagadguru_Rambhadracharya.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Jagadguru_Rambhadracharya.jpg/330px-Jagadguru_Rambhadracharya.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Jagadguru_Rambhadracharya.jpg/440px-Jagadguru_Rambhadracharya.jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="540" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="center">Jagadguru Rambhadracharya delivering a sermon on 25 October 2009 in <a href="/wiki/Moradabad" title="Moradabad">Moradabad</a>, Uttar Pradesh, India</div></div></div></div><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Rambhadracharya" title="Rambhadracharya">Jagadguru Ramanandacharya Swami Rambhadracharya</a></b> (born <b>Pandit Giridhar Mishra</b> on 14 January 1950) is an Indian <a href="/wiki/Hindu" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu">Hindu</a> spiritual leader, educator, <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a> scholar, polyglot, poet, author, <a href="/wiki/Commentary_(philology)" title="Commentary (philology)">textual commentator</a>, philosopher, composer, singer, playwright and <i><a href="/wiki/Katha_(storytelling_format)" title="Katha (storytelling format)">Katha</a></i> artist based in <a href="/wiki/Chitrakoot,_Madhya_Pradesh" title="Chitrakoot, Madhya Pradesh">Chitrakoot</a>, India. He is one of four incumbent <i>Jagadguru Ramanandacharya</i>, and has held this title since 1988.<br /><br />Rambhadracharya is the founder and head of <a href="/wiki/Tulsi_Peeth" title="Tulsi Peeth">Tulsi Peeth</a>, a religious and social service institution in Chitrakoot named after Saint <a href="/wiki/Tulsidas" title="Tulsidas">Tulsidas</a>. He is the founder and lifelong chancellor of the <a href="/wiki/Jagadguru_Rambhadracharya_Handicapped_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Jagadguru Rambhadracharya Handicapped University">Jagadguru Rambhadracharya Handicapped University</a> in Chitrakoot, which offers graduate and postgraduate courses exclusively to four types of disabled students. Rambhadracharya has been blind since the age of two months, had no formal education until the age of seventeen years, and has never used <a href="/wiki/Braille" title="Braille">Braille</a> or any other aid to learn or compose. (<b><a href="/wiki/Rambhadracharya" title="Rambhadracharya">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 3 Sai Baba (sitting near Dhuni in Dwarkamai circa 1903) Sai Baba of Shirdi (c. 1838–15 October 1918), also known as Shirdi Sai Baba, was an Indian spiritual master considered to be a saint, and revered by both Hindu and Muslim devotees during and after his lifetime. According to accounts from his life, Sai Baba preached the importance of "realisation of the self" and criticised "love towards perishable things". His teachings concentrated on a moral code of love, forgiveness, helping others, charity, contentment, inner peace, and devotion to God and Guru. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 3 Sai Baba (sitting near Dhuni in Dwarkamai circa 1903) Sai Baba of Shirdi (c. 1838–15 October 1918), also known as Shirdi Sai Baba, was an Indian spiritual master considered to be a saint, and revered by both Hindu and Muslim devotees during and after his lifetime. According to accounts from his life, Sai Baba preached the importance of "realisation of the self" and criticised "love towards perishable things". His teachings concentrated on a moral code of love, forgiveness, helping others, charity, contentment, inner peace, and devotion to God and Guru. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 3</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><div class="thumb tleft" style="overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:308px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="width:auto;overflow:auto;"><div style="white-space:normal"><br /><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Shirdi_Sai_Baba_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Shirdi_Sai_Baba_3.jpg/220px-Shirdi_Sai_Baba_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="316" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Shirdi_Sai_Baba_3.jpg/330px-Shirdi_Sai_Baba_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Shirdi_Sai_Baba_3.jpg/440px-Shirdi_Sai_Baba_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="535" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="center">Sai Baba (sitting near Dhuni in Dwarkamai circa 1903)</div></div></div></div><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Sai_Baba_of_Shirdi" title="Sai Baba of Shirdi">Sai Baba of Shirdi</a></b> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1838–15 October 1918</span>), also known as <b>Shirdi Sai Baba</b>, was an Indian spiritual master considered to be a <a href="/wiki/Hindu_saints" title="Hindu saints">saint</a>, and revered by both <a href="/wiki/Hindu" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu">Hindu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslim</a> devotees during and after his lifetime.<br /><br />According to accounts from his life, Sai Baba preached the importance of "realisation of the self" and criticised "love towards perishable things". His teachings concentrated on a moral code of love, forgiveness, helping others, charity, contentment, inner peace, and devotion to God and <a href="/wiki/Guru" title="Guru">Guru</a>. (<b><a href="/wiki/Sai_Baba_of_Shirdi" title="Sai Baba of Shirdi">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 4 Neem Karoli Baba (Hindi: नीम करौली बाबा, romanized: nīm karaulī bābā) or Neeb Karori Baba (Hindi: नीब करौरी बाबा, romanized: nīb karaurī bābā) (c. 1900 – 11 September 1973), also known to his followers as 'Maharaj-ji', was a Hindu guru and a devotee of the Hindu deity Hanuman. He is known outside India for being the spiritual master of a number of Americans who travelled to India in the 1960s and 1970s. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 4 Neem Karoli Baba (Hindi: नीम करौली बाबा, romanized: nīm karaulī bābā) or Neeb Karori Baba (Hindi: नीब करौरी बाबा, romanized: nīb karaurī bābā) (c. 1900 – 11 September 1973), also known to his followers as 'Maharaj-ji', was a Hindu guru and a devotee of the Hindu deity Hanuman. He is known outside India for being the spiritual master of a number of Americans who travelled to India in the 1960s and 1970s. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 4</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shri_Neem_Karoli_Baba.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Shri_Neem_Karoli_Baba.png/220px-Shri_Neem_Karoli_Baba.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="342" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Shri_Neem_Karoli_Baba.png/330px-Shri_Neem_Karoli_Baba.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Shri_Neem_Karoli_Baba.png/440px-Shri_Neem_Karoli_Baba.png 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="700" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Neem_Karoli_Baba" title="Neem Karoli Baba">Neem Karoli Baba</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/Hindi_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindi language">Hindi</a>: <span lang="hi">नीम करौली बाबा</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Hindi" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanization of Hindi">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Hindi-language romanization"><i lang="hi-Latn">nīm karaulī bābā</i></span>) or <b>Neeb Karori Baba</b> (<a href="/wiki/Hindi_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindi language">Hindi</a>: <span lang="hi">नीब करौरी बाबा</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Hindi" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanization of Hindi">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Hindi-language romanization"><i lang="hi-Latn">nīb karaurī bābā</i></span>) (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1900</span> – 11 September 1973), also known to his followers as 'Maharaj-ji', was a <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hindu</a> <a href="/wiki/Guru" title="Guru">guru</a> and a devotee of the <a href="/wiki/Hindu_deities" title="Hindu deities">Hindu deity</a> <a href="/wiki/Hanuman" title="Hanuman">Hanuman</a>. He is known outside India for being the spiritual master of a number of Americans who travelled to India in the 1960s and 1970s. (<b><a href="/wiki/Neem_Karoli_Baba" title="Neem Karoli Baba">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 5 Studio photo of Anandamayi Ma Anandamayi Ma (born Nirmala Sundari; 30 April 1896 – 27 August 1982) was an Indian saint, teacher, and mystic. She was revered as an incarnation of Hindu goddess Durga. She was described by Sivananda Saraswati (of the Divine Life Society) as "la fleur la plus parfaite que le sol de l'Inde ait produite" [the most perfect flower the Indian soil has produced]. Her life was suffused in Bhakti Yoga and she was considered an epitome of "divine grace" that inspired the societal cultural milieu to lead the path of service, love and constant remembrance of the divine. Her followers experienced her spiritual attributes including precognition, faith healing and miracles. Paramahansa Yogananda translates the Sanskrit epithet Anandamayi as "Joy-permeated" in English. This name was given to her by her devotees in the 1920s to describe her perpetual state of divine joy. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 5 Studio photo of Anandamayi Ma Anandamayi Ma (born Nirmala Sundari; 30 April 1896 – 27 August 1982) was an Indian saint, teacher, and mystic. She was revered as an incarnation of Hindu goddess Durga. She was described by Sivananda Saraswati (of the Divine Life Society) as "la fleur la plus parfaite que le sol de l'Inde ait produite" [the most perfect flower the Indian soil has produced]. Her life was suffused in Bhakti Yoga and she was considered an epitome of "divine grace" that inspired the societal cultural milieu to lead the path of service, love and constant remembrance of the divine. Her followers experienced her spiritual attributes including precognition, faith healing and miracles. Paramahansa Yogananda translates the Sanskrit epithet Anandamayi as "Joy-permeated" in English. This name was given to her by her devotees in the 1920s to describe her perpetual state of divine joy. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 5</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><div class="thumb tleft" style="overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:308px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="width:auto;overflow:auto;"><div style="white-space:normal"><br /><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Sri_Anandamayi_Ma.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Sri_Anandamayi_Ma.jpg/220px-Sri_Anandamayi_Ma.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="332" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Sri_Anandamayi_Ma.jpg/330px-Sri_Anandamayi_Ma.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Sri_Anandamayi_Ma.jpg/440px-Sri_Anandamayi_Ma.jpg 2x" data-file-width="526" data-file-height="793" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="center">Studio photo of Anandamayi Ma</div></div></div></div><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Anandamayi_Ma" title="Anandamayi Ma">Anandamayi Ma</a></b> (born <b>Nirmala Sundari</b>; 30 April 1896 – 27 August 1982) was an Indian saint, teacher, and mystic. She was revered as an incarnation of Hindu goddess <a href="/wiki/Durga" title="Durga">Durga</a>.<br /><br />She was described by <a href="/wiki/Sivananda_Saraswati" title="Sivananda Saraswati">Sivananda Saraswati</a> (of the <a href="/wiki/Divine_Life_Society" title="Divine Life Society">Divine Life Society</a>) as <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">"la fleur la plus parfaite que le sol de l'Inde ait produite"</i></span> [the most perfect flower the Indian soil has produced]. Her life was suffused in <a href="/wiki/Bhakti_yoga" title="Bhakti yoga">Bhakti Yoga</a> and she was considered an epitome of "divine grace" that inspired the societal cultural milieu to lead the path of service, love and constant remembrance of the divine. Her followers experienced her spiritual attributes including <a href="/wiki/Precognition" title="Precognition">precognition</a>, <a href="/wiki/Faith_healing" title="Faith healing">faith healing</a> and <a href="/wiki/Miracles" class="mw-redirect" title="Miracles">miracles</a>. <a href="/wiki/Paramahansa_Yogananda" title="Paramahansa Yogananda">Paramahansa Yogananda</a> translates the Sanskrit epithet <i>Anandamayi</i> as "Joy-permeated" in English. This name was given to her by her devotees in the 1920s to describe her perpetual state of divine joy. (<b><a href="/wiki/Anandamayi_Ma" title="Anandamayi Ma">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 6 Shri Madhvacharya's idol at his birth place Pajaka, Udupi Madhvacharya (IAST: Madhvācārya; pronounced [mɐdʱʋaːˈtɕaːrjɐ]; 1199–1278 CE or 1238–1317 CE), also known as Purna Prajna (IAST: Pūrṇa-Prajña) and Ānanda Tīrtha, was an Indian philosopher, theologian and the chief proponent of the Dvaita (dualism) school of Vedanta. Madhva called his philosophy Tattvavāda meaning "arguments from a realist viewpoint". Madhvacharya was born at Pajaka near Udupi on the west coast of Karnataka state in 13th-century India. As a teenager, he became a Sanyasi (monk) joining Brahma-sampradaya guru Achyutapreksha, of the Ekadandi order. Madhva studied the classics of Hindu philosophy, and wrote commentaries on the Principal Upanishads, the Bhagavad Gita and the Brahma Sutras (Prasthanatrayi), and is credited with thirty seven works in Sanskrit. His writing style was of extreme brevity and condensed expression. His greatest work is considered to be the Anuvyakhyana, a philosophical supplement to his bhasya on the Brahma Sutras composed with a poetic structure. In some of his works, he proclaimed himself to be an avatar of Vayu, the son of god Vishnu. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 6 Shri Madhvacharya's idol at his birth place Pajaka, Udupi Madhvacharya (IAST: Madhvācārya; pronounced [mɐdʱʋaːˈtɕaːrjɐ]; 1199–1278 CE or 1238–1317 CE), also known as Purna Prajna (IAST: Pūrṇa-Prajña) and Ānanda Tīrtha, was an Indian philosopher, theologian and the chief proponent of the Dvaita (dualism) school of Vedanta. Madhva called his philosophy Tattvavāda meaning "arguments from a realist viewpoint". Madhvacharya was born at Pajaka near Udupi on the west coast of Karnataka state in 13th-century India. As a teenager, he became a Sanyasi (monk) joining Brahma-sampradaya guru Achyutapreksha, of the Ekadandi order. Madhva studied the classics of Hindu philosophy, and wrote commentaries on the Principal Upanishads, the Bhagavad Gita and the Brahma Sutras (Prasthanatrayi), and is credited with thirty seven works in Sanskrit. His writing style was of extreme brevity and condensed expression. His greatest work is considered to be the Anuvyakhyana, a philosophical supplement to his bhasya on the Brahma Sutras composed with a poetic structure. In some of his works, he proclaimed himself to be an avatar of Vayu, the son of god Vishnu. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 6</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><div class="thumb tleft" style="overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:308px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="width:auto;overflow:auto;"><div style="white-space:normal"><br /><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Shri_Madhvacharya_Vigraha,_Pajaka,_Udupi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Shri_Madhvacharya_Vigraha%2C_Pajaka%2C_Udupi.jpg/220px-Shri_Madhvacharya_Vigraha%2C_Pajaka%2C_Udupi.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="236" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Shri_Madhvacharya_Vigraha%2C_Pajaka%2C_Udupi.jpg/330px-Shri_Madhvacharya_Vigraha%2C_Pajaka%2C_Udupi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Shri_Madhvacharya_Vigraha%2C_Pajaka%2C_Udupi.jpg/440px-Shri_Madhvacharya_Vigraha%2C_Pajaka%2C_Udupi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="497" data-file-height="533" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="center">Shri Madhvacharya's idol at his birth place Pajaka, Udupi</div></div></div></div><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Madhvacharya" title="Madhvacharya">Madhvacharya</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/IAST" class="mw-redirect" title="IAST">IAST</a>: <i><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">Madhvācārya</i></span></i>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">pronounced</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="sa-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Sanskrit" title="Help:IPA/Sanskrit">[mɐdʱʋaːˈtɕaːrjɐ]</a></span>; 1199–1278 CE or 1238–1317 CE), also known as <b>Purna Prajna</b> (<a href="/wiki/IAST" class="mw-redirect" title="IAST">IAST</a>: <i><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">Pūrṇa-Prajña</i></span></i>) and <b>Ānanda Tīrtha</b>, was an Indian philosopher, theologian and the chief proponent of the <i><a href="/wiki/Dvaita" class="mw-redirect" title="Dvaita">Dvaita</a></i> (dualism) school of <a href="/wiki/Vedanta" title="Vedanta">Vedanta</a>. Madhva called his philosophy <i><a href="/wiki/Dvaita_Vedanta" title="Dvaita Vedanta">Tattvavāda</a></i> meaning "arguments from a realist viewpoint".<br /><br />Madhvacharya was born at <a href="/wiki/Pajaka" title="Pajaka">Pajaka</a> near <a href="/wiki/Udupi" title="Udupi">Udupi</a> on the west coast of <a href="/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka">Karnataka</a> state in 13th-century India. As a teenager, he became a <a href="/wiki/Sannyasa" title="Sannyasa">Sanyasi</a> (monk) joining Brahma-sampradaya <a href="/wiki/Guru" title="Guru">guru</a> Achyutapreksha, of the Ekadandi order. Madhva studied the classics of <a href="/wiki/Hindu_philosophy" title="Hindu philosophy">Hindu philosophy</a>, and wrote commentaries on the <a href="/wiki/Principal_Upanishads" title="Principal Upanishads">Principal Upanishads</a>, the <i><a href="/wiki/Bhagavad_Gita" title="Bhagavad Gita">Bhagavad Gita</a></i> and the <a href="/wiki/Brahma_Sutras" title="Brahma Sutras">Brahma Sutras</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Prasthanatrayi" title="Prasthanatrayi">Prasthanatrayi</a></i>), and is credited with thirty seven works in <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a>. His writing style was of extreme brevity and condensed expression. His greatest work is considered to be the <i><a href="/wiki/Anuvyakhyana" class="mw-redirect" title="Anuvyakhyana">Anuvyakhyana</a></i>, a philosophical supplement to his <a href="/wiki/Bhasya" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhasya">bhasya</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Brahma_Sutras" title="Brahma Sutras">Brahma Sutras</a> composed with a poetic structure. In some of his works, he proclaimed himself to be an avatar of <a href="/wiki/Vayu" title="Vayu">Vayu</a>, the son of god <a href="/wiki/Vishnu" title="Vishnu">Vishnu</a>. (<b><a href="/wiki/Madhvacharya" title="Madhvacharya">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 7 Illustration of Swaminarayan writing the Shikshapatri Swaminarayan (IAST: Svāmīnārāyaṇa; 3 April 1781 – 1 June 1830), also known as Sahajanand Swami, was a yogi and ascetic believed by followers to be a manifestation of Krishna or the highest manifestation of Purushottama, around whom the Swaminarayan Sampradaya developed. In 1800, he was initiated into the Uddhava sampradaya by his guru, Swami Ramanand, and was given the name Sahajanand Swami. Despite opposition, in 1802, Ramanand handed over the leadership of the Uddhava Sampradaya to him before his death. According to the Swaminarayan tradition, Sahajanand Swami became known as Swaminarayan, and the Uddhava Sampradaya became known as the Swaminarayan Sampradaya, after a gathering in which he taught the Swaminarayan Mantra to his followers. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 7 Illustration of Swaminarayan writing the Shikshapatri Swaminarayan (IAST: Svāmīnārāyaṇa; 3 April 1781 – 1 June 1830), also known as Sahajanand Swami, was a yogi and ascetic believed by followers to be a manifestation of Krishna or the highest manifestation of Purushottama, around whom the Swaminarayan Sampradaya developed. In 1800, he was initiated into the Uddhava sampradaya by his guru, Swami Ramanand, and was given the name Sahajanand Swami. Despite opposition, in 1802, Ramanand handed over the leadership of the Uddhava Sampradaya to him before his death. According to the Swaminarayan tradition, Sahajanand Swami became known as Swaminarayan, and the Uddhava Sampradaya became known as the Swaminarayan Sampradaya, after a gathering in which he taught the Swaminarayan Mantra to his followers. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 7</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><div class="thumb tleft" style="overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:308px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="width:auto;overflow:auto;"><div style="white-space:normal"><br /><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Lord_Swaminarayan_writing_the_Shikshapatri.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Lord_Swaminarayan_writing_the_Shikshapatri.jpg/220px-Lord_Swaminarayan_writing_the_Shikshapatri.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="260" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d5/Lord_Swaminarayan_writing_the_Shikshapatri.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="238" data-file-height="281" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="center">Illustration of Swaminarayan writing the <i><a href="/wiki/Shikshapatri" title="Shikshapatri">Shikshapatri</a></i></div></div></div></div><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Swaminarayan" title="Swaminarayan">Swaminarayan</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/IAST" class="mw-redirect" title="IAST">IAST</a>: <i><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">Svāmīnārāyaṇa</i></span></i>; 3 April 1781 – 1 June 1830), also known as <b>Sahajanand Swami</b>, was a <a href="/wiki/Yogi" title="Yogi">yogi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Asceticism" title="Asceticism">ascetic</a> believed by followers to be a manifestation of <a href="/wiki/Krishna" title="Krishna">Krishna</a> or the highest <a href="/wiki/Theophany" title="Theophany">manifestation</a> of <a href="/wiki/Purushottama" title="Purushottama">Purushottama</a>, around whom the <a href="/wiki/Swaminarayan_Sampradaya" title="Swaminarayan Sampradaya">Swaminarayan Sampradaya</a> developed.<br /><br />In 1800, he was initiated into the <i>Uddhava</i> <i><a href="/wiki/Sampradaya" title="Sampradaya">sampradaya</a></i> by his guru, <a href="/wiki/Swami_Ramanand" title="Swami Ramanand">Swami Ramanand</a>, and was given the name Sahajanand Swami. Despite opposition, in 1802, Ramanand handed over the leadership of the Uddhava Sampradaya to him before his death. According to the Swaminarayan tradition, Sahajanand Swami became known as Swaminarayan, and the Uddhava Sampradaya became known as the Swaminarayan Sampradaya, after a gathering in which he taught the <a href="/wiki/Swaminarayan_Mantra" title="Swaminarayan Mantra">Swaminarayan Mantra</a> to his followers. (<b><a href="/wiki/Swaminarayan" title="Swaminarayan">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> </ul></div></div> <div class="noprint" style="margin:0.3em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em; padding:0.3em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em; text-align:right;"><b><a href="/wiki/Portal:Hinduism/Selected_Hindus" title="Portal:Hinduism/Selected Hindus">More selected biographies</a></b></div><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:black;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid red;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:orange;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:1px 1px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:black;font-size:80%"></div><h2 id="Did_you_know_?_(auto-generated)" 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red;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:orange;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:1px 1px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:black;font-size:80%"></div><h2 id="Subcategories" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:black;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em">Subcategories</h2></div><div style="color:#000000;opacity:1;border:1px solid red;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:#f8fffc;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:C_Puzzle.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Category puzzle"><img alt="Category puzzle" 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Aum_Om_red.svg/15px-Aum_Om_red.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Aum_Om_red.svg/23px-Aum_Om_red.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Aum_Om_red.svg/30px-Aum_Om_red.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="356" data-file-height="367" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:HinduSwastika.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/HinduSwastika.svg/14px-HinduSwastika.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/HinduSwastika.svg/21px-HinduSwastika.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/HinduSwastika.svg/28px-HinduSwastika.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="142" data-file-height="145" /></a></span> topics</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background:#FFC569;;font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_Hinduism_terms" title="Glossary of Hinduism terms">Glossary</a></li> <li>Index</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Hinduism" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of Hinduism">Timeline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hindu_philosophy" title="Hindu philosophy">Philosophy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_Hinduism_terms" title="Glossary of Hinduism terms">Concepts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brahman" title="Brahman">Brahman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Om" title="Om">Om</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ishvara" title="Ishvara">Ishvara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%80tman_(Hinduism)" title="Ātman (Hinduism)">Atman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_(religion)" title="Maya (religion)">Maya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karma" title="Karma">Karma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sa%E1%B9%83s%C4%81ra" title="Saṃsāra">Saṃsāra</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Puru%E1%B9%A3%C4%81rtha" title="Puruṣārtha">Puruṣārthas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dharma" title="Dharma">Dharma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artha" title="Artha">Artha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kama" title="Kama">Kama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moksha" title="Moksha">Moksha</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethics_in_religion#Hindu_ethics" title="Ethics in religion">Niti</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahimsa" title="Ahimsa">Ahimsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achourya" title="Achourya">Asteya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aparigraha" class="mw-redirect" title="Aparigraha">Aparigraha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahmacarya" class="mw-redirect" title="Brahmacarya">Brahmacharya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satya" title="Satya">Satya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C4%81na" title="Dāna">Dāna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temperance_(virtue)#Hinduism" title="Temperance (virtue)">Damah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compassion#Hinduism" title="Compassion">Dayā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akrodha" title="Akrodha">Akrodha</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hindu_philosophy" title="Hindu philosophy">Schools</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C4%80stika_and_n%C4%81stika" title="Āstika and nāstika">Āstika</a>: <a href="/wiki/Samkhya" title="Samkhya">Samkhya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga" title="Yoga">Yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyaya" title="Nyaya">Nyaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaisheshika" title="Vaisheshika">Vaisheshika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%ABm%C4%81%E1%B9%83s%C4%81" title="Mīmāṃsā">Mīmāṃsā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vedanta" title="Vedanta">Vedanta</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Dvaita_Vedanta" title="Dvaita Vedanta">Dvaita</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Advaita_Vedanta" title="Advaita Vedanta">Advaita</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vishishtadvaita" title="Vishishtadvaita">Vishishtadvaita</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%80stika_and_n%C4%81stika" title="Āstika and nāstika">Nāstika</a>: <a href="/wiki/Charvaka" title="Charvaka">Charvaka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Hindu "Om" symbol"><img alt="Hindu "Om" symbol" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Aum_Om_navy_blue_circle_hollow_coral.svg/100px-Aum_Om_navy_blue_circle_hollow_coral.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Aum_Om_navy_blue_circle_hollow_coral.svg/150px-Aum_Om_navy_blue_circle_hollow_coral.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Aum_Om_navy_blue_circle_hollow_coral.svg/200px-Aum_Om_navy_blue_circle_hollow_coral.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="507" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hindu_texts" title="Hindu texts">Texts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;font-weight:normal;">Classification</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Aruti" title="Śruti">Śruti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sm%E1%B9%9Bti" title="Smṛti">Smṛti</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Vedas" title="Vedas">Vedas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rigveda" title="Rigveda">Rigveda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yajurveda" title="Yajurveda">Yajurveda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samaveda" title="Samaveda">Samaveda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atharvaveda" title="Atharvaveda">Atharvaveda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;font-weight:normal;">Divisions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vedic_chant" title="Vedic chant">Samhita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahmana" title="Brahmana">Brahmana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aranyaka" title="Aranyaka">Aranyaka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Upanishads" title="Upanishads">Upanishads</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aitareya_Upanishad" title="Aitareya Upanishad">Aitareya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaushitaki_Upanishad" title="Kaushitaki Upanishad">Kaushitaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brihadaranyaka_Upanishad" title="Brihadaranyaka Upanishad">Brihadaranyaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isha_Upanishad" title="Isha Upanishad">Isha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taittiriya_Upanishad" title="Taittiriya Upanishad">Taittiriya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katha_Upanishad" title="Katha Upanishad">Katha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maitrayaniya_Upanishad" title="Maitrayaniya Upanishad">Maitrayaniya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shvetashvatara_Upanishad" title="Shvetashvatara Upanishad">Shvetashvatara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandogya_Upanishad" title="Chandogya Upanishad">Chandogya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kena_Upanishad" title="Kena Upanishad">Kena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mundaka_Upanishad" title="Mundaka Upanishad">Mundaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandukya_Upanishad" title="Mandukya Upanishad">Mandukya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prashna_Upanishad" title="Prashna Upanishad">Prashna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Upaveda" class="mw-redirect" title="Upaveda">Upavedas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ayurveda" title="Ayurveda">Ayurveda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_martial_arts" title="Indian martial arts">Dhanurveda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natya_Shastra" title="Natya Shastra">Natyaveda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_temple_architecture" title="Hindu temple architecture">Sthapatyaveda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Vedanga" title="Vedanga">Vedanga</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shiksha" title="Shiksha">Shiksha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanskrit_prosody" title="Sanskrit prosody">Chandas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vy%C4%81kara%E1%B9%87a" title="Vyākaraṇa">Vyākaraṇa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nirukta" title="Nirukta">Nirukta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalpa_(Vedanga)" title="Kalpa (Vedanga)">Kalpa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jyotisha" class="mw-redirect" title="Jyotisha">Jyotisha</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hindu_texts" title="List of Hindu texts">Other</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhagavad_Gita" title="Bhagavad Gita">Bhagavad Gita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agama_(Hinduism)" title="Agama (Hinduism)">Agamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itihasa-Purana" title="Itihasa-Purana">Itihasas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana">Ramayana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahabharata" title="Mahabharata">Mahabharata</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puranas" title="Puranas">Puranas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upanishads#Classification" title="Upanishads">Minor Upanishads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthashastra" title="Arthashastra">Arthashastra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitisara" title="Nitisara">Nitisara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dharma%C5%9B%C4%81stra" title="Dharmaśāstra">Dharmaśāstra</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manusmriti" title="Manusmriti">Manusmriti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C4%81radasm%E1%B9%9Bti" title="Nāradasmṛti">Nāradasmṛti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Y%C4%81j%C3%B1avalkya_Sm%E1%B9%9Bti" title="Yājñavalkya Smṛti">Yājñavalkya Smṛti</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sutra" title="Sutra">Sutras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stotra" title="Stotra">Stotras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subhashita" title="Subhashita">Subhashita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tantras_(Hinduism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tantras (Hinduism)">Tantras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_Vasistha" title="Yoga Vasistha">Yoga Vasistha</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yoga_Sutras_of_Patanjali" title="Yoga Sutras of Patanjali">Yoga Sutras of Patanjali</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Sangam_literature" title="Sangam literature">Sangam literature</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tirumurai" title="Tirumurai">Tirumurai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divya_Prabandham" class="mw-redirect" title="Divya Prabandham">Divya Prabandham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirumuruk%C4%81%E1%B9%9F%E1%B9%9Fuppa%E1%B9%ADai" title="Tirumurukāṟṟuppaṭai">Tirumurukāṟṟuppaṭai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiruppugal" class="mw-redirect" title="Thiruppugal">Thiruppugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirukkural" class="mw-redirect" title="Thirukkural">Thirukkural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamba_Ramayanam" class="mw-redirect" title="Kamba Ramayanam">Kamba Ramayanam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five_Great_Epics" title="Five Great Epics">Five Great Epics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eighteen_Greater_Texts" title="Eighteen Greater Texts">Eighteen Greater Texts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eighteen_Lesser_Texts" title="Eighteen Lesser Texts">Eighteen Lesser Texts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athichudi" title="Athichudi">Athichudi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraiyanar_Akapporul" title="Iraiyanar Akapporul">Iraiyanar Akapporul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abhirami_Antati" class="mw-redirect" title="Abhirami Antati">Abhirami Antati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiruvilaiyadal_Puranam" title="Thiruvilaiyadal Puranam">Thiruvilaiyadal Puranam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinayagar_Agaval" title="Vinayagar Agaval">Vinayagar Agaval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vedarthasamgraha" title="Vedarthasamgraha">Vedarthasamgraha</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hindu_deities" title="Hindu deities">Deities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Deva_(Hinduism)" title="Deva (Hinduism)">Gods</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trimurti" title="Trimurti">Trimurti</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brahma" title="Brahma">Brahma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishnu" title="Vishnu">Vishnu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiva" title="Shiva">Shiva</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agni" title="Agni">Agni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dattatreya" title="Dattatreya">Dattatreya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganesha" title="Ganesha">Ganesha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanuman" title="Hanuman">Hanuman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indra" title="Indra">Indra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kartikeya" title="Kartikeya">Kartikeya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krishna" title="Krishna">Krishna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rama" title="Rama">Rama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surya" title="Surya">Surya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varuna" title="Varuna">Varuna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vayu" title="Vayu">Vayu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hindu_gods" title="Category:Hindu gods"><i>more</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Devi" title="Devi">Goddesses</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tridevi" title="Tridevi">Tridevi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saraswati" title="Saraswati">Saraswati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakshmi" title="Lakshmi">Lakshmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parvati" title="Parvati">Parvati</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhumi_(goddess)" title="Bhumi (goddess)">Bhumi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durga" title="Durga">Durga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kali" title="Kali">Kali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahavidya" title="Mahavidya">Mahavidya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matrika" class="mw-redirect" title="Matrika">Matrika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radha" title="Radha">Radha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rukmini" title="Rukmini">Rukmini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sati_(Hindu_goddess)" title="Sati (Hindu goddess)">Sati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakti" title="Shakti">Shakti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shashthi" title="Shashthi">Shashthi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sita" title="Sita">Sita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hindu_goddesses" title="Category:Hindu goddesses"><i>more</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%">Practices</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Worship_in_Hinduism" title="Worship in Hinduism">Worship</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_temple" title="Hindu temple">Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murti" title="Murti">Murti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puja_(Hinduism)" title="Puja (Hinduism)">Puja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhakti" title="Bhakti">Bhakti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japa" title="Japa">Japa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhajan" title="Bhajan">Bhajan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naivedhya" class="mw-redirect" title="Naivedhya">Naivedhya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yajna" title="Yajna">Yajna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homa_(ritual)" title="Homa (ritual)">Homa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tapas_(Indian_religions)" title="Tapas (Indian religions)">Tapas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhy%C4%81na_in_Hinduism" class="mw-redirect" title="Dhyāna in Hinduism">Dhyāna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_pilgrimage_sites_in_India" title="Hindu pilgrimage sites in India">Tirthatana</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Sanskara_(rite_of_passage)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanskara (rite of passage)">Sanskaras</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Garbhadhana" title="Garbhadhana">Garbhadhana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pumsavana" title="Pumsavana">Pumsavana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pumsavana_Simantonayana" title="Pumsavana Simantonayana">Simantonayana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jatakarma" title="Jatakarma">Jatakarma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C4%81makara%E1%B9%87a" title="Nāmakaraṇa">Namakarana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nishkramana" title="Nishkramana">Nishkramana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annaprashana" title="Annaprashana">Annaprashana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chudakarana" title="Chudakarana">Chudakarana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karnavedha" title="Karnavedha">Karnavedha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vidy%C4%81ra%E1%B9%83bha%E1%B9%83" title="Vidyāraṃbhaṃ">Vidyarambha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upanayana" title="Upanayana">Upanayana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keshanta" title="Keshanta">Keshanta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ritu_Kala_Samskaram" title="Ritu Kala Samskaram">Ritushuddhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samavartanam" title="Samavartanam">Samavartanam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vivaah" class="mw-redirect" title="Vivaah">Vivaha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antyesti" title="Antyesti">Antyeshti</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;font-weight:normal;">Varnashrama</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Varna_(Hinduism)" title="Varna (Hinduism)">Varna</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brahmin" title="Brahmin">Brahmin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kshatriya" title="Kshatriya">Kshatriya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaishya" title="Vaishya">Vaishya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shudra" title="Shudra">Shudra</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashrama_(stage)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ashrama (stage)">Ashrama</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brahmacarya" class="mw-redirect" title="Brahmacarya">Brahmacharya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grihastha" class="mw-redirect" title="Grihastha">Grihastha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanaprastha" class="mw-redirect" title="Vanaprastha">Vanaprastha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sannyasa" title="Sannyasa">Sannyasa</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hindu_festivals" title="List of Hindu festivals">Festivals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diwali" title="Diwali">Diwali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holi" title="Holi">Holi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maha_Shivaratri" title="Maha Shivaratri">Shivaratri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raksha_Bandhan" title="Raksha Bandhan">Raksha Bandhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navaratri" title="Navaratri">Navaratri</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Durga_Puja" title="Durga Puja">Durga Puja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramlila" title="Ramlila">Ramlila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vijayadashami" title="Vijayadashami">Vijayadashami</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganesh_Chaturthi" title="Ganesh Chaturthi">Ganesh Chaturthi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rama_Navami" title="Rama Navami">Rama Navami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krishna_Janmashtami" title="Krishna Janmashtami">Janmashtami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onam" title="Onam">Onam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pongal_(festival)" title="Pongal (festival)">Pongal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makar_Sankranti" title="Makar Sankranti">Makar Sankranti</a></li> <li>New Year <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bihu" title="Bihu">Bihu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gudi_Padwa" title="Gudi Padwa">Gudi Padwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahela_Baishakh" class="mw-redirect" title="Pahela Baishakh">Pahela Baishakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puthandu" title="Puthandu">Puthandu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaisakhi" title="Vaisakhi">Vaisakhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishu" title="Vishu">Vishu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugadi" title="Ugadi">Ugadi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumbh_Mela" title="Kumbh Mela">Kumbh Mela</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haridwar_Kumbh_Mela" title="Haridwar Kumbh Mela">Haridwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nashik-Trimbakeshwar_Simhastha" title="Nashik-Trimbakeshwar Simhastha">Nashik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prayag_Kumbh_Mela" title="Prayag Kumbh Mela">Prayag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ujjain_Simhastha" title="Ujjain Simhastha">Ujjain</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ratha_Yatra_(Puri)" title="Ratha Yatra (Puri)">Ratha Yatra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teej" title="Teej">Teej</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasant_Panchami" title="Vasant Panchami">Vasant Panchami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Hindu_festivals" title="Template:Hindu festivals">Others</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;font-weight:normal;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sv%C4%81dhy%C4%81ya" title="Svādhyāya">Svādhyāya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namaste" title="Namaste">Namaste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bindi_(decoration)" title="Bindi (decoration)">Bindi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tilaka" title="Tilaka">Tilaka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Related</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hindus" title="Hindus">Hindus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hindus#Etymology" title="Hindus">Etymology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_Hindus" title="Lists of Hindus">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_denominations" title="Hindu denominations">Denominations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_law" title="Hindu law">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_calendar" title="Hindu calendar">Calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Hindu_sentiment" title="Anti-Hindu sentiment">Anti-Hindu sentiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Hinduism" title="Criticism of Hinduism">Criticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hindu_gurus_and_sants" title="List of Hindu gurus and sants">Hindu gurus and sants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_studies" title="Hindu studies">Hindu studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_iconography" title="Hindu iconography">Iconography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_mythology" title="Hindu mythology">Mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_nationalism" title="Hindu nationalism">Nationalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hindutva" title="Hindutva">Hindutva</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Hindus" title="Persecution of Hindus">Persecution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_pilgrimage_sites" title="Hindu pilgrimage sites">Pilgrimage sites</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_pilgrimage_sites_in_India" title="Hindu pilgrimage sites in India">India</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinduism_and_other_religions" title="Hinduism and other religions">Relations with other religions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith_and_Hinduism" title="Baháʼí Faith and Hinduism">Baháʼí</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_and_Hinduism" title="Buddhism and Hinduism">Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu%E2%80%93Islamic_relations" title="Hindu–Islamic relations">Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jainism_and_Hinduism" class="mw-redirect" title="Jainism and Hinduism">Jainism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinduism_and_Judaism" title="Hinduism and Judaism">Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinduism_and_Sikhism" title="Hinduism and Sikhism">Sikhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinduism_and_Theosophy" title="Hinduism and Theosophy">Theosophy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_Hinduism_terms" title="Glossary of Hinduism terms">Glossary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinduism_by_country" title="Hinduism by country">Hinduism by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_temples" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu temples">Hindu temples</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hindu_temples" title="List of Hindu temples">List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_temple_architecture" title="Hindu temple architecture">Architecture</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background:#FFC569;;font-weight:bold;"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Outline"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/10px-Global_thinking.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/15px-Global_thinking.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/21px-Global_thinking.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="130" data-file-height="200" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Hinduism" title="Outline of Hinduism">Outline</a><br /> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Hinduism" title="Category:Hinduism">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Portal</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="WikiProject"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/16px-People_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/24px-People_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/32px-People_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Hinduism" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Hinduism">WikiProject</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> </div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:black;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid red;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:orange;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:1px 1px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:black;font-size:80%"></div><h2 id="WikiProjects" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:black;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em">WikiProjects</h2></div><div style="color:#000000;opacity:1;border:1px solid red;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:#f8fffc;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Group_people_icon.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Group_people_icon.jpg/58px-Group_people_icon.jpg" decoding="async" width="58" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Group_people_icon.jpg/87px-Group_people_icon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Group_people_icon.jpg/116px-Group_people_icon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="1020" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Hinduism" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Hinduism">Hinduism</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Hinduism/Peer_review" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Hinduism/Peer review">Peer review</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Hinduism/Mythology" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Hinduism/Mythology">Hindu mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Hinduism/Philosophy" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Hinduism/Philosophy">Hindu philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Religion" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Religion">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Council/Directory/Geographical/Asia" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Council/Directory/Geographical/Asia">Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_India" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Nepal" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Nepal">Nepal</a></li></ul> </div> </div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:black;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid red;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:orange;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:1px 1px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:black;font-size:80%"></div><h2 id="Things_you_can_do" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:black;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em">Things you can do</h2></div><div style="color:#000000;opacity:1;border:1px solid red;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:#f8fffc;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Things_you_can_do" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Things_you_can_do" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Things you can do</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Hinduism/Peer_review" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Hinduism/Peer review">Hinduism Peer Review</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Brahma_Kumaris_World_Spiritual_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Brahma Kumaris World Spiritual University">Brahma Kumaris World Spiritual University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Siddha_Yoga" title="Siddha Yoga">Siddha Yoga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tantra" title="Tantra">Tantra</a> </p> <hr /> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Requested_articles/Culture_and_fine_arts#Hinduism" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Requested articles/Culture and fine arts">Requests</a></b>: <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hindu_Education_Foundation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hindu Education Foundation (page does not exist)">Hindu Education Foundation</a></i>, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalavada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kalavada (page does not exist)">Kalavada</a></i> </p> <hr /> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Category:Hinduism_stubs" title="Category:Hinduism stubs">Expand</a></b>: <i><a href="/wiki/Samyama" title="Samyama">Samyama</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Tantras_(Hinduism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tantras (Hinduism)">Tantras</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Treta_Yuga" title="Treta Yuga">Treta Yuga</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Devi_Mahatmya" title="Devi Mahatmya">Devi Mahatmya</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Jnana" class="mw-redirect" title="Jnana">Jnana</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Gangga_Negara" title="Gangga Negara">Gangga Negara</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Brahminicide" class="mw-redirect" title="Brahminicide">Brahminicide</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Br%C4%81hmanahatya" class="mw-redirect" title="Brāhmanahatya">Brāhmanahatya</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Vedanta_Society" title="Vedanta Society">Vedanta Society</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Sanatan_Dharma_Maha_Sabha" title="Sanatan Dharma Maha Sabha">Sanatan Dharma Maha Sabha</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Yogoda_Satsanga" class="mw-redirect" title="Yogoda Satsanga">Yogoda Satsanga</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Sarsanghachalak" class="mw-redirect" title="Sarsanghachalak">Sarsanghachalak</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Thommanon" title="Thommanon">Thommanon</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Baksei_Chamkrong" title="Baksei Chamkrong">Baksei Chamkrong</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Phnom_Bakheng" title="Phnom Bakheng">Phnom Bakheng</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Phimeanakas" title="Phimeanakas">Phimeanakas</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Phnom_Krom" title="Phnom Krom">Phnom Krom</a></i>,<i><a href="/wiki/Banteay_Samr%C3%A9" title="Banteay Samré">Banteay Samré</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/West_Mebon" title="West Mebon">West Mebon</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Kriyamana_karma" title="Kriyamana karma">Kriyamana karma</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Sanchita_karma" title="Sanchita karma">Sanchita karma</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Kama_(Purusharthas)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kama (Purusharthas)">Kama (Purusharthas)</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Hindu_marriage_Ceremony" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu marriage Ceremony">Hindu marriage Ceremony</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Vedic_metal" class="mw-redirect" title="Vedic metal">Vedic metal</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Kalpa_(Vedanga)" title="Kalpa (Vedanga)">Kalpa (Vedanga)</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Parisada_Hindu_Dharma" class="mw-redirect" title="Parisada Hindu Dharma">Parisada Hindu Dharma</a></i> </p> <hr /> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_cleanup" title="Category:Wikipedia cleanup">Cleanup</a></b>: <i><a href="/wiki/History_of_Hinduism" title="History of Hinduism">History of Hinduism</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Yuga" title="Yuga">Yuga</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Hindu_view_of_marriage" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu view of marriage">Hindu view of marriage</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Devadasi" title="Devadasi">Devadasi</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Islamic_conquest_of_South_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic conquest of South Asia">Islamic conquest of South Asia</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Vedic_units_of_measurement" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Vedic units of measurement">Ancient Vedic units of measurement</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Amarnath" class="mw-disambig" title="Amarnath">Amarnath</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Disambiguation/Fixing_links" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Disambiguation/Fixing links"><span title="Link needs disambiguation (November 2017)">disambiguation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Californian_Hindu_textbook_controversy" class="mw-redirect" title="Californian Hindu textbook controversy">Californian Hindu textbook controversy</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Hinduism" title="Women in Hinduism">Women in Hinduism</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Swami_Ramdev" class="mw-redirect" title="Swami Ramdev">Swami Ramdev</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Vedas" title="Vedas">Vedas</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Sri_Anandamoyi_Ma" class="mw-redirect" title="Sri Anandamoyi Ma">Sri Anandamoyi Ma</a></i> </p> <hr /> <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Hinduism-related_topics_notice_board" title="Wikipedia:Hinduism-related topics notice board">Notice-board</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:black;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid red;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:orange;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:1px 1px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:black;font-size:80%"></div><h2 id="Associated_Wikimedia" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:black;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em">Associated Wikimedia</h2></div><div style="color:#000000;opacity:1;border:1px solid red;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:#f8fffc;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239335380">.mw-parser-output #sister-projects-list{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap}.mw-parser-output #sister-projects-list li{display:inline-block}.mw-parser-output #sister-projects-list li span{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output #sister-projects-list li>div{display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;padding:6px 4px}.mw-parser-output #sister-projects-list li>div:first-child{text-align:center}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .sister-projects-wikt-icon-dark,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sister-projects-wikt-icon-light{display:none}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sister-projects-wikt-icon-dark{display:inline}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sister-projects-wikt-icon-dark{display:inline}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sister-projects-wikt-icon-light{display:none}}@media(min-width:360px){.mw-parser-output #sister-projects-list li{width:33%;min-width:20em;white-space:nowrap;flex:1 0 25%}.mw-parser-output #sister-projects-list li>div:first-child{min-width:50px}}</style> <p>The following <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation" title="Wikimedia Foundation">Wikimedia Foundation</a> sister projects provide more on this subject: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul id="sister-projects-list"> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/Category:Hinduism"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/31px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="31" height="42" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/47px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/62px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/Category:Hinduism" class="extiw" title="commons:Special:Search/Category:Hinduism">Commons</a></span><br />Free media repository</div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Hinduism"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/35px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/53px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/70px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </div> <div><span><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Hinduism" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:Special:Search/Hinduism">Wikibooks</a></span><br />Free textbooks and manuals</div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:Search/Hinduism"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/47px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="47" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/71px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/94px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </div> <div><span><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:Search/Hinduism" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Special:Search/Hinduism">Wikidata</a></span><br />Free knowledge base</div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Special:Search/Hinduism"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/51px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="51" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/77px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/102px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Special:Search/Hinduism" class="extiw" title="wikinews:Special:Search/Hinduism">Wikinews</a></span><br />Free-content news</div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Hinduism"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="41" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/53px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/70px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Hinduism" class="extiw" title="wikiquote:Special:Search/Hinduism">Wikiquote</a></span><br />Collection of quotations</div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Hinduism"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/35px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="37" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/53px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/70px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Hinduism" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Special:Search/Hinduism">Wikisource</a></span><br />Free-content library</div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/Hinduism"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/41px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="41" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/62px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/82px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/Hinduism" class="extiw" title="wikiversity:Special:Search/Hinduism">Wikiversity</a></span><br />Free learning tools</div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Hinduism"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/35px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/53px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/70px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </div> <div><span><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Hinduism" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Special:Search/Hinduism">Wiktionary</a></span><br />Dictionary and thesaurus</div> </li> </ul> </div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239335380"> <div class="smallcaps" style="font-variant:small-caps;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b>Discover Wikipedia using <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Portal" title="Wikipedia:Portal">portals</a></b></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul id="sister-projects-list"> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lorentzian_Wormhole.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Lorentzian_Wormhole.svg/35px-Lorentzian_Wormhole.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Lorentzian_Wormhole.svg/53px-Lorentzian_Wormhole.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Lorentzian_Wormhole.svg/70px-Lorentzian_Wormhole.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">List of all portals</a></span></div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuvola_apps_package_graphics.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Nuvola_apps_package_graphics.png/35px-Nuvola_apps_package_graphics.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Nuvola_apps_package_graphics.png/53px-Nuvola_apps_package_graphics.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Nuvola_apps_package_graphics.png/70px-Nuvola_apps_package_graphics.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="/wiki/Portal:The_arts" title="Portal:The arts">The arts portal</a></span></div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/35px-P_vip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/53px-P_vip.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/70px-P_vip.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="1944" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Biography" title="Portal:Biography">Biography portal</a></span></div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/35px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/53px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/70px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Portal:Current events">Current events portal</a></span></div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="globe" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/35px-Terra.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/53px-Terra.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/70px-Terra.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Geography" title="Portal:Geography">Geography portal</a></span></div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/35px-P_history.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/53px-P_history.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/70px-P_history.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="/wiki/Portal:History" title="Portal:History">History portal</a></span></div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="square root of x" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg/35px-Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg/53px-Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg/70px-Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Mathematics" title="Portal:Mathematics">Mathematics portal</a></span></div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg/35px-Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg/53px-Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg/70px-Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Science" title="Portal:Science">Science portal</a></span></div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Social_sciences.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Social_sciences.svg/35px-Social_sciences.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Social_sciences.svg/53px-Social_sciences.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Social_sciences.svg/70px-Social_sciences.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="139" data-file-height="122" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Society" title="Portal:Society">Society portal</a></span></div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Noun-technology.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Noun-technology.svg/35px-Noun-technology.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Noun-technology.svg/53px-Noun-technology.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Noun-technology.svg/70px-Noun-technology.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="90" data-file-height="88" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Technology" title="Portal:Technology">Technology portal</a></span></div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Random_font_awesome.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Random_font_awesome.svg/35px-Random_font_awesome.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Random_font_awesome.svg/53px-Random_font_awesome.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Random_font_awesome.svg/70px-Random_font_awesome.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="/wiki/Special:RandomInCategory/All_portals" title="Special:RandomInCategory/All portals">Random portal</a></span></div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Portal.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/35px-Portal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/53px-Portal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/70px-Portal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="32" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Portals" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Portals">WikiProject Portals</a></span></div> </li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"> </li> </ul> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHolberg2000316Nicholson20132–5McDaniel200752–53Michaels200421-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHolberg2000316Nicholson20132–5McDaniel200752–53Michaels200421_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHolberg2000">Holberg (2000)</a>, p. 316<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfnmp error: no target: CITEREFHolberg2000 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>)</span>; <a href="#CITEREFNicholson2013">Nicholson (2013)</a>, pp. 2–5<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfnmp error: no target: CITEREFNicholson2013 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn 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