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id="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Marriage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Marriage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Marriage</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Marriage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_career" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_career"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Political career</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Political_career-sublist" class="cdx-button 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href="#Nonviolent_resistance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Nonviolent resistance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nonviolent_resistance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Governor_of_United_Provinces" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Governor_of_United_Provinces"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Governor of United Provinces</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Governor_of_United_Provinces-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Writing_career" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Writing_career"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Writing career</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Writing_career-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Writing career subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Writing_career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Works" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Works"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Works</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Works-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Death</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Legacy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Legacy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Works_about_Naidu" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Works_about_Naidu"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Works about Naidu</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Works_about_Naidu-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Sarojini Naidu</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 54 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-54" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">54 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%89_%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%88" title="ساروجينى نايدو – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ساروجينى نايدو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%80_%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A1%E0%A7%81" title="সৰোজিনী নাইডু – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="সৰোজিনী নাইডু" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%80_%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%A1%E0%A7%81" title="সরোজিনী নায়ডু – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সরোজিনী নায়ডু" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%82" title="सरोजिनी नायडू – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="सरोजिनी नायडू" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarojini_Naidu" title="Sarojini Naidu – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Sarojini Naidu" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarojini_Naidu" title="Sarojini Naidu – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Sarojini Naidu" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sar%C3%B3d%C5%BEin%C3%AD_Naid%C3%BAov%C3%A1" title="Saródžiní Naidúová – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Saródžiní Naidúová" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarojini_Naidu" title="Sarojini Naidu – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Sarojini Naidu" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarojini_Naidu" title="Sarojini Naidu – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Sarojini Naidu" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarojini_Naidu" title="Sarojini Naidu – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Sarojini Naidu" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarojini_Naidu" title="Sarojini Naidu – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Sarojini Naidu" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarojini_Naidu" title="Sarojini Naidu – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Sarojini Naidu" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarojini_Naidu" title="Sarojini Naidu – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Sarojini Naidu" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C_%D9%86%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AF%D9%88" title="ساروجینی نایدو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ساروجینی نایدو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarojini_Naidu" title="Sarojini Naidu – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Sarojini Naidu" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarojini_Naidu" title="Sarojini Naidu – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Sarojini Naidu" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarojini_Naidu" title="Sarojini Naidu – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Sarojini Naidu" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B8%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%9C%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%A8%E0%AB%80_%E0%AA%A8%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%AF%E0%AA%A1%E0%AB%81" title="સરોજિની નાયડુ – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="સરોજિની નાયડુ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarojini_Naidu" title="Sarojini Naidu – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="Sarojini Naidu" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%82%AC%EB%A1%9C%EC%A7%80%EB%8B%88_%EB%82%98%EC%9D%B4%EB%91%90" title="사로지니 나이두 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="사로지니 나이두" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%BB%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%AB_%D5%86%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%A4%D5%B8%D6%82" title="Սարոջինի Նայդու – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Սարոջինի Նայդու" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%82" title="सरोजिनी नायडू – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="सरोजिनी नायडू" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarojini_Naidu" title="Sarojini Naidu – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Sarojini Naidu" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarojini_Naidu" title="Sarojini Naidu – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Sarojini Naidu" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%92%27%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%99_%D7%A0%D7%90%D7%99%D7%93%D7%95" title="סרוג'יני נאידו – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סרוג'יני נאידו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BF_%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%AF%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A1%E0%B3%81" title="ಸರೋಜಿನಿ ನಾಯ್ಡು – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಸರೋಜಿನಿ ನಾಯ್ಡು" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%AF%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%98%E1%83%93%E1%83%A3" title="საროჯინი ნაიდუ – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="საროჯინი ნაიდუ" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%82" title="सरोजनी नायडू – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="सरोजनी नायडू" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF_%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%81" title="സരോജിനി നായിഡു – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സരോജിനി നായിഡു" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%82" title="सरोजिनी नायडू – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="सरोजिनी नायडू" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%89_%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%88" title="ساروجينى نايدو – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ساروجينى نايدو" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%81" title="सरोजनी नायडु – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="सरोजनी नायडु" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B5%E3%83%AD%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B8%E3%83%8B%E3%83%BC%E3%83%BB%E3%83%8A%E3%83%BC%E3%82%A4%E3%83%89%E3%82%A5%E3%83%BC" title="サロージニー・ナーイドゥー – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="サロージニー・ナーイドゥー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarojini_Naidu" title="Sarojini Naidu – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Sarojini Naidu" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%B8%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%9C%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%A8%E0%AD%80_%E0%AC%A8%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%87%E0%AC%A1%E0%AD%81" title="ସରୋଜିନୀ ନାଇଡୁ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ସରୋଜିନୀ ନାଇଡୁ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarojini_Naidu" title="Sarojini Naidu – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Sarojini Naidu" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%A1%E0%A9%82" title="ਸਰੋਜਨੀ ਨਾਇਡੂ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਸਰੋਜਨੀ ਨਾਇਡੂ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%86%DB%8C_%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%DA%88%D9%88" title="سروجنی نائیڈو – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="سروجنی نائیڈو" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarojini_Naidu" title="Sarojini Naidu – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Sarojini Naidu" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarojini_Naidu" title="Sarojini Naidu – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Sarojini Naidu" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B4%D1%83,_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Найду, Сароджини – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Найду, Сароджини" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%81" title="सरोजिनी नायुडु – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="सरोजिनी नायुडु" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%B3%E1%B1%A1%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%A4_%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%B0%E1%B1%A9" title="ᱥᱚᱨᱳᱡᱤᱱᱤ ᱱᱟᱭᱰᱩ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱥᱚᱨᱳᱡᱤᱱᱤ ᱱᱟᱭᱰᱩ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarojini_Naidu" title="Sarojini Naidu – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Sarojini Naidu" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarojini_Naidu" title="Sarojini Naidu – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Sarojini Naidu" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarojini_Naidu" title="Sarojini Naidu – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Sarojini Naidu" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%9C%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF_%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81" title="சரோஜினி நாயுடு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சரோஜினி நாயுடு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%80_%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%81" title="సరోజినీ నాయుడు – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="సరోజినీ నాయుడు" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B5_%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%91%E0%B8%B9" title="สโรชินี นายฑู – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สโรชินี นายฑู" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BF_%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%AF%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A1%E0%B3%81" title="ಸರೋಜಿನಿ ನಾಯ್ಡು – Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಸರೋಜಿನಿ ನಾಯ್ಡು" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B4%D1%83,_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Найду, Сароджини – Tuvinian" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Найду, Сароджини" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="Tuvinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%96_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B4%D1%83" title="Сароджині Найду – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Сароджині Найду" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%86%DB%8C_%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%DA%88%D9%88" title="سروجنی نائیڈو – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="سروجنی نائیڈو" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B2%99%E6%8B%89%E9%87%91%E5%B0%BC%C2%B7%E5%A5%88%E9%83%BD" title="沙拉金尼·奈都 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="沙拉金尼·奈都" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Indian political activist and poet (1879–1949)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Sarojini Naidu</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Sarojini-naidu-2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Sarojini-naidu-2.jpg/220px-Sarojini-naidu-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="346" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Sarojini-naidu-2.jpg/330px-Sarojini-naidu-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Sarojini-naidu-2.jpg/440px-Sarojini-naidu-2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="764" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">1st <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_the_United_Provinces" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor of the United Provinces">Governor of the United Provinces</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />15 August 1947 – 2 March 1949</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Position established</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Homi_Mody" title="Homi Mody">Hormasji Peroshaw Mody</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">44th <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Indian_National_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="President of the Indian National Congress">President of the Indian National Congress</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1925–1926</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Mahatma Gandhi">Mahatma Gandhi</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/S._Srinivasa_Iyengar" title="S. Srinivasa Iyengar">S. Srinivasa Iyengar</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Sarojini Naidu</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1879-02-13</span>)</span>13 February 1879<br /><a href="/wiki/Hyderabad" title="Hyderabad">Hyderabad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hyderabad_State" title="Hyderabad State">Hyderabad State</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British Raj</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(present-day <a href="/wiki/Telangana" title="Telangana">Telangana</a>, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">2 March 1949<span style="display:none">(1949-03-02)</span> (aged 70)<br /><a href="/wiki/Lucknow" title="Lucknow">Lucknow</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_Provinces_(1937%E2%80%931950)" title="United Provinces (1937–1950)">United Provinces</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_India" title="Dominion of India">India</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(present-day <a href="/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh">Uttar Pradesh</a>, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress" title="Indian National Congress">Indian National Congress</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;">Govindarajulu Naidu</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1898)<wbr /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">5, including <a href="/wiki/Padmaja_Naidu" title="Padmaja Naidu">Padmaja</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Relatives</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Virendranath_Chattopadhyay" class="mw-redirect" title="Virendranath Chattopadhyay">Virendranath</a> (brother)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Harindranath_Chattopadhyay" title="Harindranath Chattopadhyay">Harindranath</a> (brother)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Suhasini_Chattopadhyay" title="Suhasini Chattopadhyay">Suhasini</a> (sister)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Cambridge University">Cambridge University</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Girton_College,_Cambridge" title="Girton College, Cambridge">Girton College, Cambridge</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data">Political activist, Poet</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nicknames</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>"Nightingale of India"</li><li>"Bhārata Kōkiḷā"</li><li>"Bulbul-e-Hind"</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><b>Writing career</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Language</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">English</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Genre</th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Lyric_poetry" title="Lyric poetry">Lyric poetry</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Subject</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Indian_nationalism" title="Indian nationalism">Indian nationalism</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Notable works</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r979066050">.mw-parser-output ul.cslist,.mw-parser-output ul.sslist{margin:0;padding:0;display:inline-block;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output ul.cslist-embedded{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .cslist li,.mw-parser-output .sslist li{margin:0;padding:0 0.25em 0 0;display:inline-block}.mw-parser-output .cslist li:after{content:", "}.mw-parser-output .sslist li:after{content:"; "}.mw-parser-output .cslist li:last-child:after,.mw-parser-output .sslist li:last-child:after{content:none}</style><ul class="cslist"><li><i>The Golden Threshold</i></li><li>"<a href="/wiki/In_the_Bazaars_of_Hyderabad" title="In the Bazaars of Hyderabad">In the Bazaars of Hyderabad</a>"</li></ul></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Signature</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><span class="skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sarojini_Naidu_signature.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Sarojini_Naidu_signature.png/150px-Sarojini_Naidu_signature.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Sarojini_Naidu_signature.png/225px-Sarojini_Naidu_signature.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Sarojini_Naidu_signature.png/300px-Sarojini_Naidu_signature.png 2x" data-file-width="915" data-file-height="219" /></a></span></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Sarojini Naidu</b> (13 February 1879 – 2 March 1949)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was an Indian political activist and poet who served as the first <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Uttar_Pradesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor of Uttar Pradesh">Governor of United Provinces</a>, after <a href="/wiki/Independence_Day_(India)" title="Independence Day (India)">India's independence</a>. She played an important role in the <a href="/wiki/Indian_independence_movement" title="Indian independence movement">Indian independence movement</a> against the <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British Raj</a>. She was the first Indian woman to be president of the <a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress" title="Indian National Congress">Indian National Congress</a> and appointed governor of a state. </p><p>Born in a <a href="/wiki/Bengalis" title="Bengalis">Bengali</a> family in <a href="/wiki/Hyderabad" title="Hyderabad">Hyderabad</a>, Naidu was educated in <a href="/wiki/Madras" class="mw-redirect" title="Madras">Madras</a>, London and <a href="/wiki/Cambridge" title="Cambridge">Cambridge</a>. Following her time in Britain, where she worked as a <a href="/wiki/Suffragist" class="mw-redirect" title="Suffragist">suffragist</a>, she was drawn to the Congress party's struggle for India's independence. She became a part of the national movement and became a follower of <a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Mahatma Gandhi">Mahatma Gandhi</a> and his idea of <a href="/wiki/Swaraj" title="Swaraj">swaraj</a> (self-rule). She was appointed Congress president in 1925 and, when India achieved its independence, became Governor of the <a href="/wiki/United_Provinces_(1937%E2%80%931950)" title="United Provinces (1937–1950)">United Provinces</a> in 1947. </p><p>Naidu's literary work as a poet earned her the nickname the "Nightingale of India" by Gandhi because of the colour, imagery, and lyrical quality of her poetry. Her œuvre includes both children's poems and others written on more serious themes including patriotism and tragedy. Published in 1912, "<a href="/wiki/In_the_Bazaars_of_Hyderabad" title="In the Bazaars of Hyderabad">In the Bazaars of Hyderabad</a>" remains one of her most popular poems. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sarojini_Naidu&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sarojini Naidu was born in <a href="/wiki/Hyderabad" title="Hyderabad">Hyderabad</a> on 13 February 1879 to <a href="/wiki/Aghorenath_Chattopadhyay" title="Aghorenath Chattopadhyay">Aghorenath Chattopadhyay</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Raman2006_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Raman2006-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her father was from <a href="/wiki/Brahmangaon" title="Brahmangaon">Brahmangaon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bikrampur" title="Bikrampur">Bikrampur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dhaka" title="Dhaka">Dhaka</a>, Bengal (now in <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Ahmed2015_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ahmed2015-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her father was a Bengali Hindu and the principal of <a href="/wiki/Nizam_College" title="Nizam College">Nizam College</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Raman2006_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Raman2006-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He held a doctorate of Science from <a href="/wiki/University_of_Edinburgh" title="University of Edinburgh">Edinburgh University</a>. Her mother wrote poetry in <a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Raman2006_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Raman2006-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sarojini_Naidu_by_JB_Yeats.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Sarojini_Naidu_by_JB_Yeats.jpg/170px-Sarojini_Naidu_by_JB_Yeats.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="233" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Sarojini_Naidu_by_JB_Yeats.jpg/255px-Sarojini_Naidu_by_JB_Yeats.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Sarojini_Naidu_by_JB_Yeats.jpg/340px-Sarojini_Naidu_by_JB_Yeats.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1275" data-file-height="1746" /></a><figcaption>Drawing of Naidu by <a href="/wiki/John_Butler_Yeats" title="John Butler Yeats">John Butler Yeats</a>, 1896, from the <a href="/wiki/Book_frontispiece" title="Book frontispiece">frontispiece</a> of <i>The Golden Threshold</i> (1905)</figcaption></figure> <p>She was the eldest of the eight siblings. Her brother <a href="/wiki/Virendranath_Chattopadhyay" class="mw-redirect" title="Virendranath Chattopadhyay">Virendranath Chattopadhyay</a> was a revolutionary, and another brother <a href="/wiki/Harindranath_Chattopadhyay" title="Harindranath Chattopadhyay">Harindranath</a> was a poet, a dramatist, and an actor. Their family was well-regarded in Hyderabad. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Education">Education</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sarojini_Naidu&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sarojini Naidu passed her <a href="/wiki/Matriculation_examination" title="Matriculation examination">matriculation examination</a> to qualify for university study, earning the highest rank, in 1891, when she was twelve.<sup id="cite_ref-Raman2006_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Raman2006-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From 1895 to 1898 she studied in England, at <a href="/wiki/King%27s_College_London" title="King's College London">King's College, London</a> and then <a href="/wiki/Girton_College,_Cambridge" title="Girton College, Cambridge">Girton College, Cambridge</a>, with a scholarship from the <a href="/wiki/Nizam_of_Hyderabad" title="Nizam of Hyderabad">Nizam of Hyderabad</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-TimesIndia_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TimesIndia-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In England, she met artists from the <a href="/wiki/Aestheticism" title="Aestheticism">Aesthetic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Decadent_movement" title="Decadent movement">Decadent</a> movements.<sup id="cite_ref-Reddy2010_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reddy2010-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Marriage">Marriage</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sarojini_Naidu&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Marriage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Chattopadhyay returned to Hyderabad in 1898.<sup id="cite_ref-EGS_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EGS-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That same year, she married Govindaraju Naidu, a physician whom she met during her stay in England,<sup id="cite_ref-Raman2006_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Raman2006-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in an <a href="/wiki/Inter-caste_marriage" title="Inter-caste marriage">inter-caste marriage</a> which has been called "groundbreaking and scandalous".<sup id="cite_ref-EGS_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EGS-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both their families approved their marriage, which was long and harmonious. They had five children.<sup id="cite_ref-Raman2006_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Raman2006-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their daughter <a href="/wiki/Padmaja_Naidu" title="Padmaja Naidu">Padmaja</a> also joined the <a href="/wiki/Quit_India_Movement" title="Quit India Movement">Quit India Movement</a>, and she held several governmental positions in independent India. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_career">Political career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sarojini_Naidu&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Political career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sarojini_Naidu.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Sarojini_Naidu.jpg/170px-Sarojini_Naidu.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Sarojini_Naidu.jpg/255px-Sarojini_Naidu.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Sarojini_Naidu.jpg/340px-Sarojini_Naidu.jpg 2x" data-file-width="743" data-file-height="970" /></a><figcaption>Naidu in 1912</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_oratory">Early oratory</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sarojini_Naidu&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Early oratory"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Beginning in 1904, Naidu became an increasingly popular orator, promoting <a href="/wiki/Indian_independence_movement" title="Indian independence movement">Indian independence</a> and <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_rights" title="Women's rights">women's rights</a>, especially <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_education" class="mw-redirect" title="Women's education">women's education</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Raman2006_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Raman2006-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her oratory often framed arguments following the five-part rhetorical structures of <a href="/wiki/Nyaya" title="Nyaya">Nyaya</a> reasoning.<sup id="cite_ref-Shekhani2017_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shekhani2017-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She addressed the <a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress" title="Indian National Congress">Indian National Congress</a> and the Indian Social Conference in Calcutta in 1906.<sup id="cite_ref-Raman2006_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Raman2006-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her social work for flood relief earned her the <a href="/wiki/Kaisar-i-Hind_Medal" title="Kaisar-i-Hind Medal">Kaisar-i-Hind Medal</a> in 1911<sup id="cite_ref-Raman2006_2-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Raman2006-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, which she later returned in protest over the April 1919 <a href="/wiki/Jallianwala_Bagh_massacre" title="Jallianwala Bagh massacre">Jallianwala Bagh massacre</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> She met <a href="/wiki/Muthulakshmi_Reddy" title="Muthulakshmi Reddy">Muthulakshmi Reddy</a> in 1909, and in 1914 she met <a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Mahatma Gandhi">Mahatma Gandhi</a>, whom she credited with inspiring a new commitment to political action.<sup id="cite_ref-Iyer_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Iyer-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was the first woman President of the Indian National Congress and first Indian woman to preside over the INC conference . </p><p>With Reddy, she helped established the <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage#India" title="Women's suffrage">Women's Indian Association</a> in 1917.<sup id="cite_ref-Raman2006_2-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Raman2006-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Pasricha_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pasricha-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later that year, Naidu accompanied her colleague <a href="/wiki/Annie_Besant" title="Annie Besant">Annie Besant</a>, who was the president of <a href="/wiki/Home_Rule_League" title="Home Rule League">Home Rule League</a> and Women's Indian Association, to advocate <a href="/wiki/Universal_suffrage" title="Universal suffrage">universal suffrage</a> in front of the Joint Select Committee in <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>.She also supported the <a href="/wiki/Lucknow_Pact" title="Lucknow Pact">Lucknow Pact</a>, a joint <a href="/wiki/Hindu%E2%80%93Muslim_unity" title="Hindu–Muslim unity">Hindu–Muslim</a> demand for British political reform, at the Madras Special Provincial Council.<sup id="cite_ref-Raman2006_2-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Raman2006-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a public speaker, Naidu's oratory was known for its personality and its incorporation of her poetry. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Women's_movement"><span id="Women.27s_movement"></span>Women's movement</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sarojini_Naidu&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Women's movement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Naidu utilized her poetry and oratory skills to promote <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_rights" title="Women's rights">women's rights</a> alongside the <a href="/wiki/Indian_nationalist_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian nationalist movement">nationalist movement</a>. In 1902, Naidu entered the world of politics after being urged by <a href="/wiki/Gopal_Krishna_Gokhale" title="Gopal Krishna Gokhale">Gopal Krishna Gokhale</a>, an important leader of the nationalist movement.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1906, Naidu spoke to the Social Council of Calcutta in order to advocate for the education of Indian women.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In her speech, Naidu stressed that the success of the whole movement relied upon the "woman question".<sup id="cite_ref-:0_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Naidu claimed that the true "nation-builders" were women, not men, and that without women's active cooperation, the nationalist movement would be in vain.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Naidu's speech argued that Indian nationalism depended on women's rights, and that the liberation of India could not be separated from the liberation of women.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The women's movement developed parallel to the <a href="/wiki/Indian_independence_movement" title="Indian independence movement">independence movement</a> for this reason.<sup id="cite_ref-Reddy2010_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reddy2010-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1917, Naidu sponsored the establishment of the <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Indian_Association" title="Women's Indian Association">Women's Indian Association</a>, which finally provided a platform for women to discuss their complaints and demand their rights.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That same year, Naidu served as a spokesperson for a delegation of women that met with <a href="/wiki/Edwin_Montagu" title="Edwin Montagu">Edwin Montagu</a>, the Secretary of State for India, and <a href="/wiki/Lord_Chelmsford" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Chelmsford">Lord Chelmsford</a>, the Viceroy of India, in order to discuss reforms.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The delegation expressed women's support for the introduction of self-government in India and demanded that the people of India should be given the right to vote, of which women must be included.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The delegation was followed up with public meetings and political conferences supporting the demands, making it a huge success.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1918, Naidu moved a resolution on <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage" title="Women's suffrage">women's franchise</a> to the Eighteenth Session of the Bombay Provincial Conference and to the special session of Congress held in Bombay.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The purpose of the resolution was to have on record that the Conference was in support of the <a href="/wiki/Suffrage" title="Suffrage">enfranchisement</a> of women in order to demonstrate to Montagu that the men of India were not opposed to women's rights.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In her speech at the Conference, Naidu emphasized "the influence of women in bringing about political and spiritual unity" in ancient India.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She argued that women had always played an important role in political life in India and that rather than going against tradition, women's franchise would simply be giving back what was theirs all along.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>   </p><p>In her speech at the Bombay Special Congress, Naidu claimed that the "right of franchise is a human right and not a monopoly of one sex only."<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She demanded the men of India to reflect on their humanity and restore the rights that belonged to women. Throughout the speech, Naidu attempted to alleviate worries by reassuring that women were only asking for the right to vote, not for any special privileges that would interfere with men.<sup id="cite_ref-Reddy2010_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reddy2010-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In fact, Naidu proposed that women would lay the foundation of nationalism, making women's franchise a necessity for the nation.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite the increasing support of <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage" title="Women's suffrage">women's suffrage</a> in India, which was backed by the <a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress" title="Indian National Congress">Indian National Congress</a>, the <a href="/wiki/All-India_Muslim_League" title="All-India Muslim League">Muslim League</a>, and others, the <a href="/wiki/Southborough_Franchise_Committee" title="Southborough Franchise Committee">Southborough Franchise Committee</a>, a British committee, decided against granting franchise to women.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Montagu%E2%80%93Chelmsford_Reforms" title="Montagu–Chelmsford Reforms">Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms</a> had a shocking revelation: although the women's delegation appeared successful at the time, the reforms made no mention of women and had completely ignored their demands.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1919, Naidu, as representative of the WIA, went to plead for the franchise of women before a Joint-Select Committee of Parliament in London.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_15-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She presented a memorandum to the committee and provided evidence that the women of India were ready for the right to vote.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The resulting <a href="/wiki/Government_of_India_Act_1919" title="Government of India Act 1919">Government of India Act of 1919</a>, however, did not enfranchise Indian women, instead leaving the decision to provincial councils.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_15-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Between 1921 and 1930, the provincial councils approved of women's franchise but with limitations. The number of women actually eligible to vote was very small.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_15-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>   </p><p>In the 1920s, Naidu began to focus more on the nationalist movement as a means of achieving both women's rights and political independence.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Naidu became the first Indian female president of the <a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress" title="Indian National Congress">Indian National Congress</a> in 1925, demonstrating how influential she was as a political voice.<sup id="cite_ref-Reddy2010_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reddy2010-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By this period, Indian women were starting to get more involved in the movement. Female leaders began to organize nationwide strikes and <a href="/wiki/Nonviolent_resistance" title="Nonviolent resistance">nonviolent resistance</a> across the country.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1930, Naidu wrote a pamphlet that would be handed out to women with the goal of bringing them into the political struggle.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_25-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The pamphlet stated that until recently, women had remained spectators, but now they had to get involved and play an active role.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To Naidu, it was women's duty to help in the fight against Britain.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In this way, Naidu asserted women's role as an agent of political change and effectively linked women to the struggle for independence from British rule.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nonviolent_resistance">Nonviolent resistance</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sarojini_Naidu&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Nonviolent resistance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Naidu formed close ties with Gandhi, <a href="/wiki/Gopal_Krishna_Gokhale" title="Gopal Krishna Gokhale">Gopal Krishna Gokhale</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rabindranath_Tagore" title="Rabindranath Tagore">Rabindranath Tagore</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sarala_Devi_Chaudhurani" title="Sarala Devi Chaudhurani">Sarala Devi Chaudhurani</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Raman2006_2-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Raman2006-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After 1917, she joined Gandhi's <i><a href="/wiki/Satyagraha" title="Satyagraha">satyagraha</a></i> movement of nonviolent resistance against British rule.<sup id="cite_ref-Raman2006_2-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Raman2006-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Naidu went to London in 1919 as a part of the <a href="/wiki/All_India_Home_Rule_League" class="mw-redirect" title="All India Home Rule League">All India Home Rule League</a> as a part of her continued efforts to advocate for independence from British rule.<sup id="cite_ref-EGS_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EGS-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The next year, she participated in the <a href="/wiki/Non-cooperation_movement_(1909%E2%80%9322)" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-cooperation movement (1909–22)">non-cooperation movement</a> in India.<sup id="cite_ref-Raman2006_2-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Raman2006-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mahatma_%26_Sarojini_Naidu_1930.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Mahatma_%26_Sarojini_Naidu_1930.JPG/220px-Mahatma_%26_Sarojini_Naidu_1930.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Mahatma_%26_Sarojini_Naidu_1930.JPG/330px-Mahatma_%26_Sarojini_Naidu_1930.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Mahatma_%26_Sarojini_Naidu_1930.JPG/440px-Mahatma_%26_Sarojini_Naidu_1930.JPG 2x" data-file-width="957" data-file-height="761" /></a><figcaption>Naidu with <a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Mahatma Gandhi">Mahatma Gandhi</a> during <a href="/wiki/Salt_Satyagraha" class="mw-redirect" title="Salt Satyagraha">Salt Satyagraha</a>, 1930</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1924, Naidu represented the Indian National Congress at the <a href="/wiki/East_African_Indian_National_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="East African Indian National Congress">East African Indian National Congress</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-EGS_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EGS-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1925, Naidu was the first Indian female president of the Indian National Congress.<sup id="cite_ref-Raman2006_2-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Raman2006-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1927, Naidu was a founding member of the <a href="/wiki/All_India_Women%27s_Conference" title="All India Women's Conference">All India Women's Conference</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Raman2006_2-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Raman2006-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1928, she travelled in the United States to promote nonviolent resistance.<sup id="cite_ref-EGS_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EGS-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Naidu also presided over East African and Indian Congress' 1929 session in South Africa.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In 1930, Gandhi initially did not want to permit women to join the <a href="/wiki/Salt_March" title="Salt March">Salt March</a>, because it would be physically demanding with a high risk of arrest.<sup id="cite_ref-Raman2006_2-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Raman2006-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Naidu and other female activists, including <a href="/wiki/Kamaladevi_Chattopadhyay" title="Kamaladevi Chattopadhyay">Kamaladevi Chattopadhyay</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Khurshed_Naoroji&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Khurshed Naoroji (page does not exist)">Khurshed Naoroji</a>, persuaded him otherwise, and joined the march.<sup id="cite_ref-Raman2006_2-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Raman2006-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When Gandhi was arrested on 6 April 1930, he appointed Naidu as the new leader of the campaign.<sup id="cite_ref-Shekhani2017_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shekhani2017-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Indian National Congress decided to stay away from the <a href="/wiki/First_Round_Table_Conference" class="mw-redirect" title="First Round Table Conference">First Round Table Conference</a> that took place in London owing to the arrests.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In 1931, however, Naidu and other leaders of the Congress Party participated in the <a href="/wiki/Second_Round_Table_Conference" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Round Table Conference">Second Round Table Conference</a> headed by <a href="/wiki/Viceroy_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Viceroy of India">Viceroy</a> <a href="/wiki/Lord_Irwin" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Irwin">Lord Irwin</a> in the wake of the <a href="/wiki/Gandhi-Irwin_pact" class="mw-redirect" title="Gandhi-Irwin pact">Gandhi-Irwin pact</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Naidu was jailed by the British in 1932.<sup id="cite_ref-Raman2006_2-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Raman2006-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The British jailed Naidu again in 1942 for her participation in the <a href="/wiki/Quit_India_Movement" title="Quit India Movement">Quit India Movement</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Raman2006_2-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Raman2006-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was imprisoned for 21 months.<sup id="cite_ref-EGS_6-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EGS-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sarojini_Naidu_plants_a_tree_in_Mehrauli,_Delhi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Sarojini_Naidu_plants_a_tree_in_Mehrauli%2C_Delhi.jpg/220px-Sarojini_Naidu_plants_a_tree_in_Mehrauli%2C_Delhi.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="207" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Sarojini_Naidu_plants_a_tree_in_Mehrauli%2C_Delhi.jpg/330px-Sarojini_Naidu_plants_a_tree_in_Mehrauli%2C_Delhi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Sarojini_Naidu_plants_a_tree_in_Mehrauli%2C_Delhi.jpg/440px-Sarojini_Naidu_plants_a_tree_in_Mehrauli%2C_Delhi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="747" data-file-height="704" /></a><figcaption>Naidu plants a tree in Mehrauli, Delhi, 1947</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Governor_of_United_Provinces">Governor of United Provinces</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sarojini_Naidu&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Governor of United Provinces"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Following India's independence from the British rule in 1947, Naidu was appointed the governor of the <a href="/wiki/United_Provinces_(1937%E2%80%9350)" class="mw-redirect" title="United Provinces (1937–50)">United Provinces</a> (present-day <a href="/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh">Uttar Pradesh</a>), making her India's first woman governor. She remained in office until her death in March 1949 (aged 70).<sup id="cite_ref-Raman2006_2-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Raman2006-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Writing_career">Writing career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sarojini_Naidu&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Writing career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Naidu began writing at the age of 12. Her play, <i>Maher Muneer</i>, written in <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a>, impressed the <a href="/wiki/Nizam" class="mw-redirect" title="Nizam">Nizam</a> of <a href="/wiki/Hyderabad_State" title="Hyderabad State">Kingdom of Hyderabad</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Naidu's poetry was written in English and usually took the form of <a href="/wiki/Lyric_poetry" title="Lyric poetry">lyric poetry</a> in the tradition of British <a href="/wiki/Romanticism" title="Romanticism">Romanticism</a>, which she was sometimes challenged to reconcile with her Indian nationalist politics.<sup id="cite_ref-Reddy2010_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reddy2010-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was known for her vivid use of rich sensory images in her writing, and for her lush depictions of India.<sup id="cite_ref-Iyer_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Iyer-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Jagadisan_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jagadisan-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was well-regarded as a poet, considered the "Indian <a href="/wiki/W._B._Yeats" title="W. B. Yeats">Yeats</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-Shekhani2017_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shekhani2017-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Her first book of poems was published in London in 1905, titled "<i><a href="/wiki/The_Golden_Threshold" title="The Golden Threshold">The Golden Threshold</a>"</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Sarkar_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sarkar-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The publication was suggested by <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Gosse" title="Edmund Gosse">Edmund Gosse</a>, and bore an introduction by <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Symons" title="Arthur Symons">Arthur Symons</a>. It also included a sketch of Naidu as a teenager, in a ruffled white dress, drawn by <a href="/wiki/John_Butler_Yeats" title="John Butler Yeats">John Butler Yeats</a>. Her second and most strongly nationalist book of poems, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Bird_of_Time_(poetry)" title="The Bird of Time (poetry)">The Bird of Time</a></i>, was published in 1912.<sup id="cite_ref-Reddy2010_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reddy2010-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was published in both London and New York, and includes "<a href="/wiki/In_the_Bazaars_of_Hyderabad" title="In the Bazaars of Hyderabad">In the Bazaars of Hyderabad</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-BirdTime_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BirdTime-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The last book of new poems published in her lifetime, <i>The Broken Wing</i> (1917). It includes the poem "The Gift of India", which exhorted the Indian people to remember the sacrifices of the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Army_during_World_War_I" title="Indian Army during World War I">Indian Army during World War I</a>, which she had previously recited to the Hyderabad Ladies' War Relief Association in 1915. It also includes "Awake!", dedicated to <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ali_Jinnah" title="Muhammad Ali Jinnah">Muhammad Ali Jinnah</a>, which she read as the conclusion to a 1915 speech to the Indian National Congress to urge unified Indian action.<sup id="cite_ref-Reddy2010_5-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reddy2010-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A collection of all her published poems was printed in New York in 1928.<sup id="cite_ref-FirstEdition_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FirstEdition-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After her death, Naidu's unpublished poems were collected in <i>The Feather of the Dawn</i> (1961), edited by her daughter <a href="/wiki/Padmaja_Naidu" title="Padmaja Naidu">Padmaja Naidu</a><i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Nasta2012_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nasta2012-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></i> </p><p>Naidu's speeches were first collected and published in January 1918 as <i>The Speeches and Writings of Sarojini Naidu</i>, a popular publication which led to an expanded reprint in 1919<sup id="cite_ref-NaiduSpeeches1919-9_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NaiduSpeeches1919-9-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and again in 1925.<sup id="cite_ref-NaiduSpeeches1925_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NaiduSpeeches1925-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Works">Works</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sarojini_Naidu&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1905: <i>The Golden Threshold</i>, London: William Heineman<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1915: <i><a href="/wiki/The_Bird_of_Time:_Songs_of_Life,_Death_%26_the_Spring" class="mw-redirect" title="The Bird of Time: Songs of Life, Death & the Spring">The Bird of Time: Songs of Life, Death & the Spring</a></i>, London: William Heineman and New York: John Lane Company<sup id="cite_ref-BirdTime_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BirdTime-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1917: <i>The Broken Wing: Songs of Love, Death and Destiny</i><sup id="cite_ref-vkg313_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vkg313-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Das2010_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Das2010-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1919: "The Song of the Palanquin Bearers", lyrics by Naidu and music by <a href="/wiki/Martin_Shaw_(composer)" title="Martin Shaw (composer)">Martin Shaw</a>, London: Curwen<sup id="cite_ref-Shaw1917_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shaw1917-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1920: <i>The Speeches and Writings of Sarojini Naidu</i>, Madras: G.A. Natesan & Co.<sup id="cite_ref-NaiduSpeeches1919_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NaiduSpeeches1919-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1922: Editor, <i><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ali_Jinnah" title="Muhammad Ali Jinnah">Muhammad Ali Jinnah</a>, An Ambassador of Unity: His Speeches & Writings 1912–1917</i>, with a biographical "Pen Portrait" of Jinnah by Naidu, Madras: Ganesh & Co.<sup id="cite_ref-JinnahSpeeches_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JinnahSpeeches-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1928: <i>The Sceptred Flute: Songs of India</i>, New York: Dodd, Mead, & Co.<sup id="cite_ref-SceptredFlute_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SceptredFlute-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FirstEdition_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FirstEdition-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1961: <i>The Feather of the Dawn</i>, edited by <a href="/wiki/Padmaja_Naidu" title="Padmaja Naidu">Padmaja Naidu</a>, Bombay: Asia Publishing House<sup id="cite_ref-Nasta2012_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nasta2012-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death">Death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sarojini_Naidu&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sarojini_Naidu_Ashes.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Sarojini_Naidu_Ashes.jpg/170px-Sarojini_Naidu_Ashes.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Sarojini_Naidu_Ashes.jpg/255px-Sarojini_Naidu_Ashes.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Sarojini_Naidu_Ashes.jpg/340px-Sarojini_Naidu_Ashes.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>The ashes of Naidu kept at Golden Threshold, Hyderabad before immersion</figcaption></figure> <p>Naidu died of <a href="/wiki/Cardiac_arrest" title="Cardiac arrest">cardiac arrest</a> at 3:30 p.m. (<a href="/wiki/Indian_Standard_Time" title="Indian Standard Time">IST</a>) on 2 March 1949 at the <a href="/wiki/Raj_Bhavan_(Uttar_Pradesh)" class="mw-redirect" title="Raj Bhavan (Uttar Pradesh)">Government House</a> in <a href="/wiki/Lucknow" title="Lucknow">Lucknow</a>. Upon her return from <a href="/wiki/New_Delhi" title="New Delhi">New Delhi</a> on 15 February, she was advised to rest by her doctors, and all official engagements were canceled. Her health deteriorated substantially and <a href="/wiki/Bloodletting" title="Bloodletting">bloodletting</a> was performed on the night of 1 March after she complained of severe [headache]. She collapsed following a fit of cough. Naidu was said to have asked the nurse attending to her to sing to her at about 10:40 p.m. (IST) which put her to sleep.<sup id="cite_ref-IndianExpressObit_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IndianExpressObit-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She subsequently died, and her last rites were performed at the <a href="/wiki/Gomati_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Gomati River">Gomati River</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-IndianExpressRites_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IndianExpressRites-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sarojini_Naidu&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Naidu is known as "one of India's feminist luminaries".<sup id="cite_ref-Raman2006_2-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Raman2006-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Naidu's birthday, 13 February, is celebrated as Women's Day to recognise powerful voices of women in India's history.<sup id="cite_ref-ISCE_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ISCE-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Composer <a href="/wiki/Helen_Searles_Westbrook" title="Helen Searles Westbrook">Helen Searles Westbrook</a> (1889–1967) set Naidu's text to music in her song "Invincible."<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As a poet, Naidu was known as the "Nightingale of India".<sup id="cite_ref-Augestine2017_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Augestine2017-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Gosse" title="Edmund Gosse">Edmund Gosse</a> called her "the most accomplished living poet in India" in 1919.<sup id="cite_ref-NaiduSpeeches1919-11_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NaiduSpeeches1919-11-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Golden_Threshold_in_Abids,_Hyderabad.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Golden_Threshold_in_Abids%2C_Hyderabad.JPG/220px-Golden_Threshold_in_Abids%2C_Hyderabad.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Golden_Threshold_in_Abids%2C_Hyderabad.JPG/330px-Golden_Threshold_in_Abids%2C_Hyderabad.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Golden_Threshold_in_Abids%2C_Hyderabad.JPG/440px-Golden_Threshold_in_Abids%2C_Hyderabad.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4416" data-file-height="3312" /></a><figcaption>Golden Threshold in 2015</figcaption></figure> <p>Naidu is memorialized in the <a href="/wiki/Golden_Threshold" title="Golden Threshold">Golden Threshold</a>, an off-campus annex of <a href="/wiki/University_of_Hyderabad" title="University of Hyderabad">University of Hyderabad</a> named for her first collection of poetry. Golden Threshold now houses the Sarojini Naidu School of Arts & Communication in the University of Hyderabad.<sup id="cite_ref-UHyderabad_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UHyderabad-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Asteroid <a href="/wiki/5647_Sarojininaidu" class="mw-redirect" title="5647 Sarojininaidu">5647 Sarojininaidu</a>, discovered by <a href="/wiki/Eleanor_Helin" class="mw-redirect" title="Eleanor Helin">Eleanor Helin</a> at <a href="/wiki/Palomar_Observatory" title="Palomar Observatory">Palomar Observatory</a> in 1990, was named in her memory.<sup id="cite_ref-jpldata_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jpldata-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The official <a href="/wiki/Meanings_of_minor_planet_names:_5001%E2%80%936000#647" class="mw-redirect" title="Meanings of minor planet names: 5001–6000">naming citation</a> was published by the <a href="/wiki/Minor_Planet_Center" title="Minor Planet Center">Minor Planet Center</a> on 27 August 2019 (<span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Minor_Planet_Circulars" class="mw-redirect" title="Minor Planet Circulars">M.P.C.</a> 115893</span>).<sup id="cite_ref-MPC-Circulars-Archive_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MPC-Circulars-Archive-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2014, Google India commemorated Naidu's 135th birth anniversary with a <a href="/wiki/Google_Doodle" title="Google Doodle">Google Doodle</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-BiharPrabha2014_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BiharPrabha2014-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Works_about_Naidu">Works about Naidu</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sarojini_Naidu&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Works about Naidu"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first biography of Naidu, <i>Sarojini Naidu: a Biography</i> by Padmini Sengupta, was published in 1966.<sup id="cite_ref-Jungalwalla1966_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jungalwalla1966-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A biography for children, Sarojini Naidu: The Nightingale and The Freedom Fighter, was published by <a href="/wiki/Hachette_(publisher)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hachette (publisher)">Hachette</a> in 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1975, the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_India" title="Government of India">Government of India</a> <a href="/wiki/Films_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="Films Division">Films Division</a> produced a twenty-minute documentary about Naidu's life, "Sarojini Naidu – The Nightingale of India", directed by <a href="/wiki/Bhagwan_Das_Garga" title="Bhagwan Das Garga">Bhagwan Das Garga</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2020, a <a href="/wiki/Biopic" class="mw-redirect" title="Biopic">biopic</a> was announced, titled <i>Sarojini</i>, to be directed by Akash Nayak and Dhiraj Mishra, and starring <a href="/wiki/Dipika_Chikhlia" title="Dipika Chikhlia">Dipika Chikhlia</a> as Naidu.<sup id="cite_ref-IndianExpress2020_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IndianExpress2020-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div 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.cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.zeebiz.com/trending/news-sarojini-naidu-birth-anniversary-poems-quotes-history-biography-national-women-day-2023-in-india-221769">"Sarojini Naidu birth anniversary: Remembering the 'Nightingale of India' - poems, quotes, history"</a>. <i>Zee Business</i>. 13 February 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Zee+Business&rft.atitle=Sarojini+Naidu+birth+anniversary%3A+Remembering+the+%27Nightingale+of+India%27+-+poems%2C+quotes%2C+history&rft.date=2023-02-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.zeebiz.com%2Ftrending%2Fnews-sarojini-naidu-birth-anniversary-poems-quotes-history-biography-national-women-day-2023-in-india-221769&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASarojini+Naidu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Raman2006-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Raman2006_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Raman2006_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Raman2006_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Raman2006_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Raman2006_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Raman2006_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Raman2006_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Raman2006_2-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Raman2006_2-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Raman2006_2-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Raman2006_2-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Raman2006_2-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Raman2006_2-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Raman2006_2-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Raman2006_2-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Raman2006_2-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Raman2006_2-16"><sup><i><b>q</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Raman2006_2-17"><sup><i><b>r</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Raman2006_2-18"><sup><i><b>s</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Raman2006_2-19"><sup><i><b>t</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Raman2006_2-20"><sup><i><b>u</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Raman2006_2-21"><sup><i><b>v</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRaman2006" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Raman, Sita Anantha (2006). 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New Delhi: Sarup & Sons. p. 11. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7625-825-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7625-825-8"><bdi>978-81-7625-825-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Critical+response+to+Indian+poetry+in+English&rft.place=New+Delhi&rft.pages=11&rft.pub=Sarup+%26+Sons&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-81-7625-825-8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4NcHdrqUJpYC%26q%3D%2522The%2BBroken%2BWings%2522%2Bwas%2Bpublished%2B1905%2Bnaidu%26pg%3DPA11&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASarojini+Naidu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BirdTime-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BirdTime_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BirdTime_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNaidu1912" class="citation book cs1">Naidu, Sarojini (1912). Gosse, Edmund (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/000634356"><i>The bird of time; songs of life, death & the spring</i></a>. New York, London: John Lane company; W. Heinemann.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+bird+of+time%3B+songs+of+life%2C+death+%26+the+spring&rft.place=New+York%2C+London&rft.pub=John+Lane+company%3B+W.+Heinemann&rft.date=1912&rft.aulast=Naidu&rft.aufirst=Sarojini&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcatalog.hathitrust.org%2FRecord%2F000634356&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASarojini+Naidu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FirstEdition-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FirstEdition_31-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FirstEdition_31-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thefirstedition.com/product/the-sceptred-flute-songs-of-india/">"The Sceptred Flute: Songs of India"</a>. <i>The First Edition Rare Books</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+First+Edition+Rare+Books&rft.atitle=The+Sceptred+Flute%3A+Songs+of+India&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthefirstedition.com%2Fproduct%2Fthe-sceptred-flute-songs-of-india%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASarojini+Naidu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nasta2012-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Nasta2012_32-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nasta2012_32-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNasta2012" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Susheila_Nasta" title="Susheila Nasta">Nasta, Susheila</a> (16 November 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dgYGlJI9vrUC&q=The%20Feather%20of%20The%20Dawn%20Padmaja&pg=PR4"><i>India in Britain: South Asian Networks and Connections, 1858–1950</i></a>. Springer. p. 213. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-230-39271-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-230-39271-7"><bdi>978-0-230-39271-7</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=India+in+Britain%3A+South+Asian+Networks+and+Connections%2C+1858%E2%80%931950&rft.pages=213&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2012-11-16&rft.isbn=978-0-230-39271-7&rft.aulast=Nasta&rft.aufirst=Susheila&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdgYGlJI9vrUC%26q%3DThe%2520Feather%2520of%2520The%2520Dawn%2520Padmaja%26pg%3DPR4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASarojini+Naidu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NaiduSpeeches1919-9-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NaiduSpeeches1919-9_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNaidu1919" class="citation book cs1">Naidu, Sarojini (1919). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/100500199"><i>Speeches and writings</i></a> (2nd ed.). Madras: G.A. Nateson & Co. p. 9.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Speeches+and+writings.&rft.place=Madras&rft.pages=9&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=G.A.+Nateson+%26+Co.&rft.date=1919&rft.aulast=Naidu&rft.aufirst=Sarojini&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcatalog.hathitrust.org%2FRecord%2F100500199&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASarojini+Naidu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NaiduSpeeches1925-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NaiduSpeeches1925_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNaidu1925" class="citation book cs1">Naidu, Sarojini (1925). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/001868048"><i>Speeches and writings of Sarojini Naidu</i></a> (3rd ed.). Madras: G.A. Natesan & co.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Speeches+and+writings+of+Sarojini+Naidu.&rft.place=Madras&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=G.A.+Natesan+%26+co.&rft.date=1925&rft.aulast=Naidu&rft.aufirst=Sarojini&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcatalog.hathitrust.org%2FRecord%2F001868048&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASarojini+Naidu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNaidu1905" class="citation book cs1">Naidu, Sarojini (1905). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/001725616"><i>The golden threstold</i></a>. London: Heineman.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+golden+threstold&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Heineman&rft.date=1905&rft.aulast=Naidu&rft.aufirst=Sarojini&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcatalog.hathitrust.org%2FRecord%2F001725616&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASarojini+Naidu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-vkg313-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-vkg313_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Vinayak Krishna Gokak, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WLE8GVsAfEMC"><i>The Golden Treasury Of Indo-Anglian Poetry (1828–1965)</i>, p 313, New Delhi: Sahitya Akademi (1970, first edition; 2006 reprint)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221025172652/https://books.google.com/books?id=WLE8GVsAfEMC&printsec=frontcover">Archived</a> 25 October 2022 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/81-260-1196-3" title="Special:BookSources/81-260-1196-3">81-260-1196-3</a>, retrieved 6 August 2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Das2010-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Das2010_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sisir Kumar Das, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sqBjpV9OzcsC">"A History of Indian Literature 1911–1956: Struggle for Freedom: Triumph and Tragedy"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221025172644/https://books.google.com/books?id=sqBjpV9OzcsC&printsec=frontcover">Archived</a> 25 October 2022 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, p 523, New Delhi: Sahitya Akademi (1995), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/81-7201-798-7" title="Special:BookSources/81-7201-798-7">81-7201-798-7</a>; retrieved 10 August 2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Shaw1917-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Shaw1917_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShawNaidu1917" class="citation book cs1">Shaw, Martin; Naidu, Sarojini (1917). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc1.c034141508"><i>The Song of the Palanquin Bearers</i></a>. London: Curwen. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/2027%2Fuc1.c034141508">2027/uc1.c034141508</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Song+of+the+Palanquin+Bearers&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Curwen&rft.date=1917&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F2027%2Fuc1.c034141508&rft.aulast=Shaw&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft.au=Naidu%2C+Sarojini&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F2027%2Fuc1.c034141508&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASarojini+Naidu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NaiduSpeeches1919-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NaiduSpeeches1919_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNaidu1919" class="citation book cs1">Naidu, Sarojini (1919). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/100500199"><i>Speeches and writings</i></a>. Madras: G.A. Nateson & Co.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Speeches+and+writings.&rft.place=Madras&rft.pub=G.A.+Nateson+%26+Co.&rft.date=1919&rft.aulast=Naidu&rft.aufirst=Sarojini&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcatalog.hathitrust.org%2FRecord%2F100500199&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASarojini+Naidu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JinnahSpeeches-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-JinnahSpeeches_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJinnah1919" class="citation book cs1">Jinnah, Mahomed Ali (1919). Naidu, Sarojini (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/001866917"><i>Mahomed Ali Jinnah, an ambassador of unity; his speeches & writings 1912–1917</i></a>. Madras: Ganesh & Co.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mahomed+Ali+Jinnah%2C+an+ambassador+of+unity%3B+his+speeches+%26+writings+1912%E2%80%931917.&rft.place=Madras&rft.pub=Ganesh+%26+Co.&rft.date=1919&rft.aulast=Jinnah&rft.aufirst=Mahomed+Ali&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcatalog.hathitrust.org%2FRecord%2F001866917&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASarojini+Naidu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SceptredFlute-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SceptredFlute_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNaidu1928" class="citation book cs1">Naidu, Sarojini (1928). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/001058638"><i>The sceptred flute: songs of India</i></a>. New York: Dodd, Mead & company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+sceptred+flute%3A+songs+of+India&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Dodd%2C+Mead+%26+company&rft.date=1928&rft.aulast=Naidu&rft.aufirst=Sarojini&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcatalog.hathitrust.org%2FRecord%2F001058638&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASarojini+Naidu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IndianExpressObit-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-IndianExpressObit_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=dQBFAAAAIBAJ&pg=3904%2C5941395">"Mrs. Sarojini Naidu Passes Away"</a>. <i>The Indian Express</i>. 3 March 1949. p. 1<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 February</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Indian+Express&rft.atitle=Mrs.+Sarojini+Naidu+Passes+Away&rft.pages=1&rft.date=1949-03-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3DdQBFAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D3904%252C5941395&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASarojini+Naidu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IndianExpressRites-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-IndianExpressRites_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=dgBFAAAAIBAJ&pg=1910%2C6038939">"Last Rites of Sarojini Naidu at Lucknow"</a>. <i>The Indian Express</i>. 4 March 1949. p. 1<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 February</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Indian+Express&rft.atitle=Last+Rites+of+Sarojini+Naidu+at+Lucknow&rft.pages=1&rft.date=1949-03-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3DdgBFAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D1910%252C6038939&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASarojini+Naidu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ISCE-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ISCE_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Treasure Trove: A Collection of ICSE Poems and Short Stories</i>. New Delhi: Evergreen Publications (INDIA) Ltd. 2020. p. 13. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789350637005" title="Special:BookSources/9789350637005"><bdi>9789350637005</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Treasure+Trove%3A+A+Collection+of+ICSE+Poems+and+Short+Stories&rft.place=New+Delhi&rft.pages=13&rft.pub=Evergreen+Publications+%28INDIA%29+Ltd.&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=9789350637005&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASarojini+Naidu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOffice1970" class="citation book cs1">Office, Library of Congress Copyright (1970). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=N0chAQAAIAAJ&dq=helen+searles+composer&pg=PA2328"><i>Catalog of Copyright Entries: Third series</i></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Catalog+of+Copyright+Entries%3A+Third+series&rft.date=1970&rft.aulast=Office&rft.aufirst=Library+of+Congress+Copyright&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DN0chAQAAIAAJ%26dq%3Dhelen%2Bsearles%2Bcomposer%26pg%3DPA2328&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASarojini+Naidu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Augestine2017-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Augestine2017_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAugestine2017" class="citation news cs1">Augestine, Seline (17 June 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thehindu.com/children/nightingale-of-india/article19093162.ece">"Nightingale of India"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hindu" title="The Hindu">The Hindu</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 October</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=Nightingale+of+India&rft.date=2017-06-17&rft.aulast=Augestine&rft.aufirst=Seline&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Fchildren%2Fnightingale-of-india%2Farticle19093162.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASarojini+Naidu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NaiduSpeeches1919-11-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NaiduSpeeches1919-11_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNaidu1919" class="citation book cs1">Naidu, Sarojini (1919). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/100500199"><i>Speeches and writings</i></a>. Madras: G.A. Nateson & Co. p. 11.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Speeches+and+writings.&rft.place=Madras&rft.pages=11&rft.pub=G.A.+Nateson+%26+Co.&rft.date=1919&rft.aulast=Naidu&rft.aufirst=Sarojini&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcatalog.hathitrust.org%2FRecord%2F100500199&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASarojini+Naidu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-UHyderabad-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-UHyderabad_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uohyd.ac.in/index.php/academics/2011-10-27-18-38-04/sarojini-naidu-school-of-arts-a-communication">"Sarojini Naidu School of Arts & Communication"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 February</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sarojini+Naidu+School+of+Arts+%26+Communication&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.uohyd.ac.in%2Findex.php%2Facademics%2F2011-10-27-18-38-04%2Fsarojini-naidu-school-of-arts-a-communication&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASarojini+Naidu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-jpldata-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-jpldata_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2005647">"JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 5647 Sarojininaidu (1990 TZ)"</a> (11 May 2019 last obs.). <a href="/wiki/Jet_Propulsion_Laboratory" title="Jet Propulsion Laboratory">Jet Propulsion Laboratory</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 September</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=JPL+Small-Body+Database+Browser%3A+5647+Sarojininaidu+%281990+TZ%29&rft.pub=Jet+Propulsion+Laboratory&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fssd.jpl.nasa.gov%2Fsbdb.cgi%3Fsstr%3D2005647&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASarojini+Naidu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MPC-Circulars-Archive-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MPC-Circulars-Archive_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/ECS/MPCArchive/MPCArchive_TBL.html">"MPC/MPO/MPS Archive"</a>. <i>Minor Planet Center</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 September</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Minor+Planet+Center&rft.atitle=MPC%2FMPO%2FMPS+Archive&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.minorplanetcenter.net%2Fiau%2FECS%2FMPCArchive%2FMPCArchive_TBL.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASarojini+Naidu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BiharPrabha2014-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BiharPrabha2014_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.biharprabha.com/2014/02/google-doodle-celebrates-sarojini-naidus-135th-birthday/">"Google Doodle celebrates Sarojini Naidu's 135th Birthday"</a>. news.biharprabha.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 February</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Google+Doodle+celebrates+Sarojini+Naidu%27s+135th+Birthday&rft.pub=news.biharprabha.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.biharprabha.com%2F2014%2F02%2Fgoogle-doodle-celebrates-sarojini-naidus-135th-birthday%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASarojini+Naidu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jungalwalla1966-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Jungalwalla1966_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJungalwalla1966" class="citation journal cs1">Jungalwalla, P.N. (1966). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/23329487">"Review of <i>Sarojini Naidu, a Biography</i> by Padmini Sengupta"</a>. <i>Indian Literature</i>. <b>9</b> (2): 101–103. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/23329487">23329487</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Indian+Literature&rft.atitle=Review+of+Sarojini+Naidu%2C+a+Biography+by+Padmini+Sengupta&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=101-103&rft.date=1966&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F23329487%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Jungalwalla&rft.aufirst=P.N.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F23329487&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASarojini+Naidu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newindianexpress.com/lifestyle/books/2014/mar/16/sarojini-naidu-the-nightingale-and-the-freedom-fighter-586690.html">"Sarojini Naidu: The Nightingale and The Freedom Fighter"</a>. <i>The New Indian Express</i>. 14 March 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+Indian+Express&rft.atitle=Sarojini+Naidu%3A+The+Nightingale+and+The+Freedom+Fighter&rft.date=2014-03-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newindianexpress.com%2Flifestyle%2Fbooks%2F2014%2Fmar%2F16%2Fsarojini-naidu-the-nightingale-and-the-freedom-fighter-586690.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASarojini+Naidu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thereportingtoday.com/films-division-pays-tribute-to-sarojini-naidu/">"Films Division pays tribute to Sarojini Naidu"</a>. <i>The Reporting Today</i>. 13 February 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Reporting+Today&rft.atitle=Films+Division+pays+tribute+to+Sarojini+Naidu&rft.date=2021-02-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thereportingtoday.com%2Ffilms-division-pays-tribute-to-sarojini-naidu%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASarojini+Naidu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://filmsdivision.org/shop/sarojini-naidu">"Sarojini Naidu | Films Division"</a>. <i>filmsdivision.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=filmsdivision.org&rft.atitle=Sarojini+Naidu+%7C+Films+Division&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffilmsdivision.org%2Fshop%2Fsarojini-naidu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASarojini+Naidu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IndianExpress2020-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-IndianExpress2020_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/ramayan-actor-dipika-chikhlia-to-play-sarojini-naidu-in-biopic-6399601/">"Ramayan actor Dipika Chikhlia to play Sarojini Naidu in biographical film"</a>. <i>The Indian Express</i>. 15 May 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 September</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Indian+Express&rft.atitle=Ramayan+actor+Dipika+Chikhlia+to+play+Sarojini+Naidu+in+biographical+film&rft.date=2020-05-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Findianexpress.com%2Farticle%2Fentertainment%2Fbollywood%2Framayan-actor-dipika-chikhlia-to-play-sarojini-naidu-in-biopic-6399601%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASarojini+Naidu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sarojini_Naidu&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:The_Wikipedia_Library" title="Wikipedia:The Wikipedia Library">Library resources</a> about <br /> <b>Sarojini Naidu</b> <hr /></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=viaf&su=20485679">Resources in your library</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=viaf&su=20485679&library=0CHOOSE0">Resources in other libraries</a></li> </ul></div></div> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"><b>By Sarojini Naidu</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?at=viaf&au=20485679&library=OLBP">Online books</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?at=viaf&au=20485679">Resources in your library</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?at=viaf&au=20485679&library=0CHOOSE0">Resources in other libraries</a></li></ul> </div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGupta2004" class="citation book cs1">Gupta, Indra (2004). <i>India's 50 most illustrious women</i> (2nd ed.). New Delhi: Icon Publications.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=India%27s+50+most+illustrious+women&rft.place=New+Delhi&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Icon+Publications&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Gupta&rft.aufirst=Indra&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASarojini+Naidu" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaig1985" class="citation book cs1">Baig, Tara Ali (1985). <i>Sarojini Naidu: portrait of a patriot</i>. New Delhi: Congress Centenary (1985) Celebrations Committee, AICC (I).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sarojini+Naidu%3A+portrait+of+a+patriot&rft.place=New+Delhi&rft.pub=Congress+Centenary+%281985%29+Celebrations+Committee%2C+AICC+%28I%29&rft.date=1985&rft.aulast=Baig&rft.aufirst=Tara+Ali&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASarojini+Naidu" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRamachandran_Nair1987" class="citation book cs1">Ramachandran Nair, K. R. (1987). <i>Three Indo-Anglian poets: Henry Derozio, Toru Dutt, and Sarojini Naidu</i>. New Delhi: Sterling Publishers.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Three+Indo-Anglian+poets%3A+Henry+Derozio%2C+Toru+Dutt%2C+and+Sarojini+Naidu&rft.place=New+Delhi&rft.pub=Sterling+Publishers&rft.date=1987&rft.aulast=Ramachandran+Nair&rft.aufirst=K.+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASarojini+Naidu" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPadmini_Sengupta1997" class="citation book cs1">Padmini Sengupta (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ikVKnQEACAAJ"><i>Sarojini Naidu</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788178624495" title="Special:BookSources/9788178624495"><bdi>9788178624495</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sarojini+Naidu&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=9788178624495&rft.au=Padmini+Sengupta&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DikVKnQEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASarojini+Naidu" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sarojini_Naidu&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox 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href="https://www.academia.edu/4132256/International_Journal_of_English_and_Literature_IJEL_">The poetry of Sarojini Naidu: A fusion of English language and Indian culture</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/author/346">Works by Sarojini Naidu</a> at <a href="/wiki/Project_Gutenberg" title="Project Gutenberg">Project Gutenberg</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22Naidu%2C%20Sarojini%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Sarojini%20Naidu%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Naidu%2C%20Sarojini%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Sarojini%20Naidu%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Naidu%2C%20S%2E%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Sarojini%20Naidu%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Naidu%2C%20Sarojini%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Sarojini%20Naidu%22%29%20OR%20%28%221879-1949%22%20AND%20Naidu%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29">Works by or about Sarojini Naidu</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/goldenthreshold00naidgoog"><i>The Golden Threshold</i></a> in The Internet Archive</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://librivox.org/author/3569">Works by Sarojini Naidu</a> at <a href="/wiki/LibriVox" title="LibriVox">LibriVox</a> (public domain audiobooks) <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/15px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/23px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/30px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080518090448/http://www.poetseers.org/the_great_poets/in/sarojini_naidu/">Biography and Poems of Sarojini Naidu </a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rediff.com/freedom/19let1.htm">Letter written by Sarojini Naidu </a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=h6v8HsRUBucC&q=nizam+college&pg=PA85">Sarojini Naidu: An introduction to her life, work, and poetry By Vishwanath S. Naravane</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.saadigitalarchive.org/entity/sarojini-naidu">Sarojini Naidu materials at the South Asian American Digital Archive (SAADA)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://purl.org/pressemappe20/folder/pe/022371">Newspaper clippings about Sarojini Naidu</a> in the <a href="/wiki/20th_Century_Press_Archives" title="20th Century Press Archives">20th Century Press Archives</a> of the <a href="/wiki/German_National_Library_of_Economics" title="German National Library of Economics">ZBW</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output 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style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pradesh_Congress_Committee" title="Pradesh Congress Committee">Regional <br />Congress <br /> Committee</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pradesh</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andhra_Pradesh_Congress_Committee" title="Andhra Pradesh Congress Committee">Andhra Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arunachal_Pradesh_Congress_Committee" title="Arunachal Pradesh Congress Committee">Arunachal Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assam_Pradesh_Congress_Committee" title="Assam Pradesh Congress Committee">Assam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bihar_Pradesh_Congress_Committee" title="Bihar Pradesh Congress Committee">Bihar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chhattisgarh_Pradesh_Congress_Committee" title="Chhattisgarh Pradesh Congress Committee">Chhattisgarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delhi_Pradesh_Congress_Committee" title="Delhi Pradesh Congress Committee">Delhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goa_Pradesh_Congress_Committee" title="Goa Pradesh Congress Committee">Goa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gujarat_Pradesh_Congress_Committee" title="Gujarat Pradesh Congress Committee">Gujarat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haryana_Pradesh_Congress_Committee" title="Haryana Pradesh Congress Committee">Haryana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Himachal_Pradesh_Congress_Committee" title="Himachal Pradesh Congress Committee">Himachal Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_Pradesh_Congress_Committee" title="Jammu and Kashmir Pradesh Congress Committee">Jammu and Kashmir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jharkhand_Pradesh_Congress_Committee" title="Jharkhand Pradesh Congress Committee">Jharkhand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karnataka_Pradesh_Congress_Committee" title="Karnataka Pradesh Congress Committee">Karnataka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerala_Pradesh_Congress_Committee" title="Kerala Pradesh Congress Committee">Kerala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhya_Pradesh_Congress_Committee" title="Madhya Pradesh Congress Committee"> Madhya Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maharashtra_Pradesh_Congress_Committee" title="Maharashtra Pradesh Congress Committee">Maharashtra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manipur_Pradesh_Congress_Committee" title="Manipur Pradesh Congress Committee">Manipur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meghalaya_Pradesh_Congress_Committee" title="Meghalaya Pradesh Congress Committee">Meghalaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizoram_Pradesh_Congress_Committee" title="Mizoram Pradesh Congress Committee">Mizoram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagaland_Pradesh_Congress_Committee" title="Nagaland Pradesh Congress Committee">Nagaland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odisha_Pradesh_Congress_Committee" title="Odisha Pradesh Congress Committee">Odisha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puducherry_Pradesh_Congress_Committee" title="Puducherry Pradesh Congress Committee">Puducherry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjab_Pradesh_Congress_Committee" title="Punjab Pradesh Congress Committee">Punjab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajasthan_Pradesh_Congress_Committee" title="Rajasthan Pradesh Congress Committee">Rajasthan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikkim_Pradesh_Congress_Committee" title="Sikkim Pradesh Congress Committee">Sikkim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Nadu_Congress_Committee" title="Tamil Nadu Congress Committee">Tamil Nadu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telangana_Pradesh_Congress_Committee" title="Telangana Pradesh Congress Committee">Telangana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripura_Pradesh_Congress_Committee" title="Tripura Pradesh Congress Committee">Tripura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uttarakhand_Pradesh_Congress_Committee" title="Uttarakhand Pradesh Congress Committee">Uttarakhand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh_Congress_Committee" title="Uttar Pradesh Congress Committee">Uttar Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Bengal_Pradesh_Congress_Committee" title="West Bengal Pradesh Congress Committee">West Bengal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Territorial</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andaman_and_Nicobar_Territorial_Congress_Committee" title="Andaman and Nicobar Territorial Congress Committee">Andaman and Nicobar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandigarh_Territorial_Congress_Committee" title="Chandigarh Territorial Congress Committee">Chandigarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dadra_and_Nagar_Haveli_and_Daman_and_Diu_Territorial_Congress_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu Territorial Congress Committee">Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dadra_and_Nagar_Haveli_Territorial_Congress_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="Dadra and Nagar Haveli Territorial Congress Committee">Dadra and Nagar Haveli Diu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daman_and_Diu_Territorial_Congress_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="Daman and Diu Territorial Congress Committee">Daman and Diu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ladakh_Territorial_Congress_Committee" title="Ladakh Territorial Congress Committee">Ladakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakshadweep_Territorial_Congress_Committee" title="Lakshadweep Territorial Congress Committee">Lakshadweep</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mumbai_Regional_Congress_Committee" title="Mumbai Regional Congress Committee">Mumbai RCC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_Indian_National_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="List of presidents of the Indian National Congress">Presidents</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Womesh_Chunder_Bonnerjee" title="Womesh Chunder Bonnerjee">Womesh Chunder Bonnerjee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dadabhai_Naoroji" title="Dadabhai Naoroji">Dadabhai Naoroji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badruddin_Tyabji" title="Badruddin Tyabji">Badruddin Tyabji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Yule_(businessman)" title="George Yule (businessman)">George Yule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Wedderburn" title="William Wedderburn">William Wedderburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pherozeshah_Mehta" title="Pherozeshah Mehta">Pherozeshah Mehta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anandacharlu" class="mw-redirect" title="Anandacharlu">Anandacharlu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Womesh_Chunder_Bonnerjee" title="Womesh Chunder Bonnerjee">Womesh Chunder Bonnerjee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dadabhai_Naoroji" title="Dadabhai Naoroji">Dadabhai Naoroji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Webb" title="Alfred Webb">Webb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surendranath_Banerjee" title="Surendranath Banerjee">Surendranath Banerjee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rahimtulla_M._Sayani" title="Rahimtulla M. Sayani">Rahimtulla M. Sayani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._Sankaran_Nair" title="C. Sankaran Nair">C. Sankaran Nair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anandamohan_Bose" title="Anandamohan Bose">Anandamohan Bose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romesh_Chunder_Dutt" title="Romesh Chunder Dutt">Romesh Chunder Dutt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N._G._Chandavarkar" title="N. G. Chandavarkar">N. G. Chandavarkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinshaw_Edulji_Wacha" title="Dinshaw Edulji Wacha">Dinshaw Edulji Wacha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surendranath_Banerjee" title="Surendranath Banerjee">Surendranath Banerjee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lalmohan_Ghosh" title="Lalmohan Ghosh">Lalmohan Ghosh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Cotton_(civil_servant)" title="Henry Cotton (civil servant)">Henry Cotton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gopal_Krishna_Gokhale" title="Gopal Krishna Gokhale">Gopal Krishna Gokhale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dadabhai_Naoroji" title="Dadabhai Naoroji">Dadabhai Naoroji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rash_Behari_Ghosh" title="Rash Behari Ghosh">Rash Behari Ghosh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madan_Mohan_Malaviya" title="Madan Mohan Malaviya">Madan Mohan Malaviya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Wedderburn" title="William Wedderburn">William Wedderburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishan_Narayan_Dar" title="Bishan Narayan Dar">Bishan Narayan Dar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raghunath_Narasinha_Mudholkar" title="Raghunath Narasinha Mudholkar">Raghunath Narasinha Mudholkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nawab_Syed_Muhammad_Bahadur" title="Nawab Syed Muhammad Bahadur">Nawab Syed Muhammad Bahadur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhupendra_Nath_Bose" title="Bhupendra Nath Bose">Bhupendra Nath Bose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyendra_Prasanna_Sinha,_1st_Baron_Sinha" title="Satyendra Prasanna Sinha, 1st Baron Sinha">Satyendra Prasanna Sinha, 1st Baron Sinha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambica_Charan_Mazumdar" title="Ambica Charan Mazumdar">Ambica Charan Mazumdar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annie_Besant" title="Annie Besant">Annie Besant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madan_Mohan_Malaviya" title="Madan Mohan Malaviya">Madan Mohan Malaviya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syed_Hasan_Imam" title="Syed Hasan Imam">Syed Hasan Imam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motilal_Nehru" title="Motilal Nehru">Motilal Nehru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lala_Lajpat_Rai" title="Lala Lajpat Rai">Lala Lajpat Rai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._Vijayaraghavachariar" title="C. Vijayaraghavachariar">C. Vijayaraghavachariar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakim_Ajmal_Khan" title="Hakim Ajmal Khan">Hakim Ajmal Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chittaranjan_Das" title="Chittaranjan Das">Chittaranjan Das</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Ali_Jauhar" title="Mohammad Ali Jauhar">Mohammad Ali Jauhar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abul_Kalam_Azad" class="mw-redirect" title="Abul Kalam Azad">Abul Kalam Azad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Mahatma Gandhi">Mahatma Gandhi</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sarojini Naidu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S._Srinivasa_Iyengar" title="S. Srinivasa Iyengar">S. Srinivasa Iyengar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mukhtar_Ahmed_Ansari" title="Mukhtar Ahmed Ansari">Mukhtar Ahmed Ansari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motilal_Nehru" title="Motilal Nehru">Motilal Nehru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru" title="Jawaharlal Nehru">Jawaharlal Nehru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vallabhbhai_Patel" title="Vallabhbhai Patel">Vallabhbhai Patel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madan_Mohan_Malaviya" title="Madan Mohan Malaviya">Madan Mohan Malaviya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nellie_Sengupta" title="Nellie Sengupta">Nellie Sengupta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajendra_Prasad" title="Rajendra Prasad">Rajendra Prasad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru" title="Jawaharlal Nehru">Jawaharlal Nehru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subhas_Chandra_Bose" title="Subhas Chandra Bose">Subhas Chandra Bose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abul_Kalam_Azad" class="mw-redirect" title="Abul Kalam Azad">Abul Kalam Azad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._B._Kripalani" title="J. B. Kripalani">J. B. Kripalani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhogaraju_Pattabhi_Sitaramayya" title="Bhogaraju Pattabhi Sitaramayya">Bhogaraju Pattabhi Sitaramayya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purushottam_Das_Tandon" title="Purushottam Das Tandon">Purushottam Das Tandon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru" title="Jawaharlal Nehru">Jawaharlal Nehru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U._N._Dhebar" title="U. N. Dhebar">U. N. Dhebar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indira_Gandhi" title="Indira Gandhi">Indira Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neelam_Sanjiva_Reddy" title="Neelam Sanjiva Reddy">Neelam Sanjiva Reddy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._Kamaraj" title="K. Kamaraj">K. Kamaraj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S._Nijalingappa" title="S. Nijalingappa">S. Nijalingappa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jagjivan_Ram" title="Jagjivan Ram">Jagjivan Ram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shankar_Dayal_Sharma" title="Shankar Dayal Sharma">Shankar Dayal Sharma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D._K._Barooah" title="D. K. Barooah">D. K. Barooah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indira_Gandhi" title="Indira Gandhi">Indira Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajiv_Gandhi" title="Rajiv Gandhi">Rajiv Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P._V._Narasimha_Rao" title="P. V. Narasimha Rao">P. V. Narasimha Rao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sitaram_Kesri" title="Sitaram Kesri">Sitaram Kesri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonia_Gandhi" title="Sonia Gandhi">Sonia Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rahul_Gandhi" title="Rahul Gandhi">Rahul Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mallikarjun_Kharge" title="Mallikarjun Kharge">Mallikarjun Kharge</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_India" title="List of prime ministers of India">Prime ministers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru" title="Jawaharlal Nehru">Jawaharlal Nehru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lal_Bahadur_Shastri" title="Lal Bahadur Shastri">Lal Bahadur Shastri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulzarilal_Nanda" title="Gulzarilal Nanda">Gulzarilal Nanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indira_Gandhi" title="Indira Gandhi">Indira Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajiv_Gandhi" title="Rajiv Gandhi">Rajiv Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P._V._Narasimha_Rao" title="P. V. Narasimha Rao">P. V. Narasimha Rao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manmohan_Singh" title="Manmohan Singh">Manmohan Singh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Leaders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lok Sabha</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru" title="Jawaharlal Nehru">Jawaharlal Nehru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulzarilal_Nanda" title="Gulzarilal Nanda">Gulzarilal Nanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lal_Bahadur_Shastri" title="Lal Bahadur Shastri">Lal Bahadur Shastri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satya_Narayan_Sinha" title="Satya Narayan Sinha">Satya Narayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indira_Gandhi" title="Indira Gandhi">Indira Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yashwantrao_Chavan" title="Yashwantrao Chavan">Yashwantrao Chavan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._M._Stephen" title="C. M. Stephen">Chembakassery Mathai Stephen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajiv_Gandhi" title="Rajiv Gandhi">Rajiv Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arjun_Singh_(Madhya_Pradesh_politician)" title="Arjun Singh (Madhya Pradesh politician)">Arjun Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P._V._Narasimha_Rao" title="P. V. Narasimha Rao">P. V. Narasimha Rao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharad_Pawar" title="Sharad Pawar">Sharad Pawar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonia_Gandhi" title="Sonia Gandhi">Sonia Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pranab_Mukherjee" title="Pranab Mukherjee">Pranab Mukherjee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sushilkumar_Shinde" title="Sushilkumar Shinde">Sushilkumar Shinde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mallikarjun_Kharge" title="Mallikarjun Kharge">Mallikarjun Kharge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adhir_Ranjan_Chowdhury" title="Adhir Ranjan Chowdhury">Adhir Ranjan Chowdhury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravneet_Singh_Bittu" title="Ravneet Singh Bittu">Ravneet Singh Bittu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rahul_Gandhi" title="Rahul Gandhi">Rahul Gandhi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rajya Sabha</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/N._Gopalaswamy_Ayyangar" class="mw-redirect" title="N. Gopalaswamy Ayyangar">N. Gopalaswamy Ayyangar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charu_Chandra_Biswas" title="Charu Chandra Biswas">Charu Chandra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lal_Bahadur_Shastri" title="Lal Bahadur Shastri">Lal Bahadur Shastri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Govind_Ballabh_Pant" title="Govind Ballabh Pant">Govind Ballabh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hafiz_Mohamad_Ibrahim" title="Hafiz Mohamad Ibrahim">Hafiz Mohamad Ibrahim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yashwantrao_Chavan" title="Yashwantrao Chavan">Yashwantrao Chavan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaisukhlal_Hathi" title="Jaisukhlal Hathi">Jaisukhlal Hathi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._C._Chagla" title="M. C. Chagla">M. C. Chagla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaisukhlal_Hathi" title="Jaisukhlal Hathi">Jaisukhlal Hathi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodardas_Kalidas_Shah" title="Kodardas Kalidas Shah">Kodardas Kalidas Shah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uma_Shankar_Dikshit" title="Uma Shankar Dikshit">Uma Shankar Dikshit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamalapati_Tripathi" title="Kamalapati Tripathi">Kamalapati Tripathi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pranab_Mukherjee" title="Pranab Mukherjee">Pranab Mukherjee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishwanath_Pratap_Singh" class="mw-redirect" title="Vishwanath Pratap Singh">V.P. Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narayan_Dutt_Tiwari" class="mw-redirect" title="Narayan Dutt Tiwari">Narayan Dutt Tiwari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P._Shiv_Shankar" title="P. Shiv Shankar">P. Shiv Shankar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shankarrao_Chavan" title="Shankarrao Chavan">Shankarrao Chavan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motilal_Vora" title="Motilal Vora">Motilal Vora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Patel" title="Ahmed Patel">Ahmed Patel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anand_Sharma" title="Anand Sharma">Anand Sharma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jairam_Ramesh" title="Jairam Ramesh">Jairam Ramesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._K._Antony" title="A. K. Antony">A. K. Antony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digvijaya_Singh" title="Digvijaya Singh">Digvijaya Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P._Chidambaram" title="P. Chidambaram">P. Chidambaram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abhishek_Singhvi" title="Abhishek Singhvi">Abhishek Singhvi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajeev_Shukla" title="Rajeev Shukla">Rajeev Shukla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manmohan_Singh" title="Manmohan Singh">Manmohan Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghulam_Nabi_Azad" title="Ghulam Nabi Azad">Ghulam Nabi Azad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mallikarjun_Kharge" title="Mallikarjun Kharge">Mallikarjun Kharge</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Political wings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Seva_Dal" title="Seva Dal">Seva Dal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_India_Mahila_Congress" title="All India Mahila Congress">All India Mahila Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Youth_Congress" title="Indian Youth Congress">Indian Youth Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Students%27_Union_of_India" title="National Students' Union of India">National Students' Union of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Trade_Union_Congress" title="Indian National Trade Union Congress">Indian National Trade Union Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_India_Professionals_Congress" title="All India Professionals Congress">All India Professionals Congress</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_chief_ministers_from_the_Indian_National_Congress" title="List of chief ministers from the Indian National Congress">Chief ministers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Current" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sukhvinder_Singh_Sukhu" title="Sukhvinder Singh Sukhu">Sukhvinder Singh Sukhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siddaramaiah" title="Siddaramaiah">Siddaramaiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revanth_Reddy" title="Revanth Reddy">Anumula Revanth Reddy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Indian_National_Congress" title="Category:Indian National Congress">Category</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Indian_independence_movement" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Indian_Independence_Movement" title="Template:Indian Independence Movement"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Indian_Independence_Movement" title="Template talk:Indian Independence Movement"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Indian_Independence_Movement" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Indian Independence Movement"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Indian_independence_movement" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Indian_independence_movement" title="Indian independence movement">Indian independence movement</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_India#Indian_independence_movement_(1885–1947)" title="History of India">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colonial_India" title="Colonial India">Colonisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_settlement_in_Chittagong" title="Portuguese settlement in Chittagong">Porto Grande de Bengala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Bengal" title="Dutch Bengal">Dutch Bengal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_India_Company" title="East India Company">East India Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British Raj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_India" title="French India">French India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_India" title="Portuguese India">Portuguese India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Plassey" title="Battle of Plassey">Battle of Plassey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Buxar" title="Battle of Buxar">Battle of Buxar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Mysore_Wars" title="Anglo-Mysore Wars">Anglo-Mysore Wars</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Anglo-Mysore_War" title="First Anglo-Mysore War">First</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Anglo-Mysore_War" title="Second Anglo-Mysore War">Second</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Anglo-Mysore_War" title="Third Anglo-Mysore War">Third</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Anglo-Mysore_War" title="Fourth Anglo-Mysore War">Fourth</a></li></ul></li> <li>Anglo-Maratha Wars <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Anglo-Maratha_War" title="First Anglo-Maratha War">First</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Anglo-Maratha_War" title="Second Anglo-Maratha War">Second</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Anglo-Maratha_War" title="Third Anglo-Maratha War">Third</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwalior_campaign" title="Gwalior campaign">Gwalior</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polygar_Wars" title="Polygar Wars">Polygar Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vellore_Mutiny" title="Vellore Mutiny">Vellore Mutiny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Anglo-Sikh_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First Anglo-Sikh War">First Anglo-Sikh War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Anglo-Sikh_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Anglo-Sikh War">Second Anglo-Sikh War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sannyasi_rebellion" title="Sannyasi rebellion">Sannyasi rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Rebellion_of_1857" title="Indian Rebellion of 1857">Rebellion of 1857</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radcliffe_Line" title="Radcliffe Line">Radcliffe Line</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Category:British_India" title="Category:British India">more</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Philosophies<br />and ideologies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/B._R._Ambedkar" title="B. R. Ambedkar">Ambedkarism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandhism" title="Gandhism">Gandhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_nationalism" title="Hindu nationalism">Hindu nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_nationalism" title="Indian nationalism">Indian nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khilafat_Movement" title="Khilafat Movement">Khilafat Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_nationalism_in_South_Asia" title="Muslim nationalism in South Asia">Muslim nationalism in South Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyagraha" title="Satyagraha">Satyagraha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialism_in_India" title="Socialism in India">Socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swadeshi_movement" title="Swadeshi movement">Swadeshi movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swaraj" title="Swaraj">Swaraj</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events and<br /> movements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Partition_of_Bengal_(1905)" title="Partition of Bengal (1905)">Partition of Bengal (1905)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partition_of_Bengal_(1947)" title="Partition of Bengal (1947)">Partition of Bengal (1947)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_movement_for_Indian_independence" title="Revolutionary movement for Indian independence">Revolutionaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direct_Action_Day" title="Direct Action Day">Direct Action Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delhi_conspiracy_case" title="Delhi conspiracy case">Delhi-Lahore Conspiracy</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Indian_Sociologist" title="The Indian Sociologist">The Indian Sociologist</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1915_Singapore_Mutiny" title="1915 Singapore Mutiny">Singapore Mutiny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu%E2%80%93German_Conspiracy" title="Hindu–German Conspiracy">Hindu–German Conspiracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champaran_Satyagraha" title="Champaran Satyagraha">Champaran Satyagraha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kheda_Satyagraha_of_1918" title="Kheda Satyagraha of 1918">Kheda Satyagraha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rowlatt_Committee" title="Rowlatt Committee">Rowlatt Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rowlatt_Act" title="Rowlatt Act">Rowlatt Bills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jallianwala_Bagh_massacre" title="Jallianwala Bagh massacre">Jallianwala Bagh massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noakhali_riots" title="Noakhali riots">Noakhali riots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-cooperation_movement_(1919%E2%80%931922)" title="Non-cooperation movement (1919–1922)">Non-cooperation movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_Day_Plot" title="Christmas Day Plot">Christmas Day Plot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coolie-Begar_movement" title="Coolie-Begar movement">Coolie-Begar movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chauri_Chaura_incident" title="Chauri Chaura incident">Chauri Chaura incident, 1922</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kakori_conspiracy" title="Kakori conspiracy">Kakori conspiracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qissa_Khwani_massacre" title="Qissa Khwani massacre">Qissa Khwani massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_Satyagraha" title="Flag Satyagraha">Flag Satyagraha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bardoli_Satyagraha" title="Bardoli Satyagraha">Bardoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Commission" title="Simon Commission">1928 Protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nehru_Report" title="Nehru Report">Nehru Report</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourteen_Points_of_Jinnah" title="Fourteen Points of Jinnah">Fourteen Points of Jinnah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purna_Swaraj" title="Purna Swaraj">Purna Swaraj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salt_March" title="Salt March">Salt March</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dharasana_Satyagraha" title="Dharasana Satyagraha">Dharasana Satyagraha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vedaranyam_March" title="Vedaranyam March">Vedaranyam March</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chittagong_armoury_raid" title="Chittagong armoury raid">Chittagong armoury raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandhi%E2%80%93Irwin_Pact" title="Gandhi–Irwin Pact">Gandhi–Irwin Pact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Round_Table_Conferences_(India)" title="Round Table Conferences (India)">Round table conferences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_India_Act_1935" title="Government of India Act 1935">Act of 1935</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aundh_Experiment" title="Aundh Experiment">Aundh Experiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Legion" title="Indian Legion">Indian Legion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cripps_Mission" title="Cripps Mission">Cripps Mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quit_India_Movement" title="Quit India Movement">Quit India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Indian_Navy_mutiny" title="Royal Indian Navy mutiny">Bombay Mutiny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force_strikes_of_1946" title="Royal Air Force strikes of 1946">Royal Air Force strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_of_Yanaon" title="Coup d'état of Yanaon">Coup d'état of Yanaon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provisional_Government_of_India" title="Provisional Government of India">Provisional Government of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independence_Day_(India)" title="Independence Day (India)">Independence Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_India_States_Peoples%27_Conference" class="mw-redirect" title="All India States Peoples' Conference">Praja Mandala movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucknow_Pact" title="Lucknow Pact">Lucknow Pact</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All_India_Kisan_Sabha" title="All India Kisan Sabha">All India Kisan Sabha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All-India_Muslim_League" title="All-India Muslim League">All-India Muslim League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anushilan_Samiti" title="Anushilan Samiti">Anushilan Samiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arya_Samaj" title="Arya Samaj">Arya Samaj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azad_Hind" title="Azad Hind">Azad Hind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berlin_Committee" title="Berlin Committee">Berlin Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghadar_Movement" title="Ghadar Movement">Ghadar Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindustan_Socialist_Republican_Association" title="Hindustan Socialist Republican Association">Hindustan Socialist Republican Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Indian_National_Congress" title="History of the Indian National Congress">Indian National Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India_House" title="India House">India House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Home_Rule_movement" title="Indian Home Rule movement">Indian Home Rule movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Independence_League" title="Indian Independence League">Indian Independence League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Army" title="Indian National Army">Indian National Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jugantar" title="Jugantar">Jugantar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khaksar_movement" title="Khaksar movement">Khaksar movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khudai_Khidmatgar" title="Khudai Khidmatgar">Khudai Khidmatgar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swaraj_Party" title="Swaraj Party">Swaraj Party</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Category:Indian_independence_movement" title="Category:Indian independence movement">more</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Social<br />reformers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ashfaqulla_Khan" title="Ashfaqulla Khan">Ashfaqulla Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._Vaidyanatha_Iyer" title="A. Vaidyanatha Iyer">A. Vaidyanatha Iyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayya_Vaikundar" title="Ayya Vaikundar">Ayya Vaikundar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayyankali" title="Ayyankali">Ayyankali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B._R._Ambedkar" title="B. R. Ambedkar">B. R. Ambedkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baba_Amte" title="Baba Amte">Baba Amte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bal_Gangadhar_Tilak" title="Bal Gangadhar Tilak">Bal Gangadhar Tilak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dayananda_Saraswati" title="Dayananda Saraswati">Dayananda Saraswati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhondo_Keshav_Karve" title="Dhondo Keshav Karve">Dhondo Keshav Karve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G._Subramania_Iyer" title="G. Subramania Iyer">G. Subramania Iyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gazulu_Lakshminarasu_Chetty" title="Gazulu Lakshminarasu Chetty">Gazulu Lakshminarasu Chetty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gopal_Ganesh_Agarkar" title="Gopal Ganesh Agarkar">Gopal Ganesh Agarkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gopal_Hari_Deshmukh" title="Gopal Hari Deshmukh">Gopal Hari Deshmukh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gopaldas_Ambaidas_Desai" title="Gopaldas Ambaidas Desai">Gopaldas Ambaidas Desai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ishwar_Chandra_Vidyasagar" title="Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar">Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._B._Kripalani" title="J. B. Kripalani">J. B. Kripalani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jyotirao_Phule" title="Jyotirao Phule">Jyotirao Phule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kandukuri_Veeresalingam" title="Kandukuri Veeresalingam">Kandukuri Veeresalingam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahadev_Govind_Ranade" title="Mahadev Govind Ranade">Mahadev Govind Ranade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Mahatma Gandhi">Mahatma Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muthulakshmi_Reddy" title="Muthulakshmi Reddy">Muthulakshmi Reddy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narayana_Guru" title="Narayana Guru">Narayana Guru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niralamba_Swami" title="Niralamba Swami">Niralamba Swami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandita_Ramabai" title="Pandita Ramabai">Pandita Ramabai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Periyar" title="Periyar">Periyar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram_Mohan_Roy" class="mw-redirect" title="Ram Mohan Roy">Ram Mohan Roy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rettamalai_Srinivasan" title="Rettamalai Srinivasan">Rettamalai Srinivasan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahajanand_Saraswati" title="Sahajanand Saraswati">Sahajanand Saraswati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savitribai_Phule" title="Savitribai Phule">Savitribai Phule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahu_of_Kolhapur" title="Shahu of Kolhapur">Shahu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sister_Nivedita" title="Sister Nivedita">Sister Nivedita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Aurobindo" title="Sri Aurobindo">Sri Aurobindo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syed_Ahmad_Khan" title="Syed Ahmad Khan">Syed Ahmad Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vakkom_Moulavi" title="Vakkom Moulavi">Vakkom Moulavi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinayak_Damodar_Savarkar" title="Vinayak Damodar Savarkar">Vinayak Damodar Savarkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinoba_Bhave" title="Vinoba Bhave">Vinoba Bhave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitthal_Ramji_Shinde" title="Vitthal Ramji Shinde">Vitthal Ramji Shinde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Vivekananda" title="Swami Vivekananda">Vivekananda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Independence<br /> activists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abul_Kalam_Azad" class="mw-redirect" title="Abul Kalam Azad">Abul Kalam Azad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Accamma_Cherian" title="Accamma Cherian">Accamma Cherian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achyut_Patwardhan" title="Achyut Patwardhan">Achyut Patwardhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._K._Fazlul_Huq" title="A. K. Fazlul Huq">A. K. Fazlul Huq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alluri_Sitarama_Raju" title="Alluri Sitarama Raju">Alluri Sitarama Raju</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annapurna_Maharana" title="Annapurna Maharana">Annapurna Maharana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annie_Besant" title="Annie Besant">Annie Besant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashfaqulla_Khan" title="Ashfaqulla Khan">Ashfaqulla Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunwar_Singh" title="Kunwar Singh">Babu Kunwar Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagha_Jatin" title="Bagha Jatin">Bagha Jatin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahadur_Shah_Zafar" title="Bahadur Shah Zafar">Bahadur Shah II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bakht_Khan" title="Bakht Khan">Bakht Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bal_Gangadhar_Tilak" title="Bal Gangadhar Tilak">Bal Gangadhar Tilak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basawon_Singh" title="Basawon Singh">Basawon Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Begum_Hazrat_Mahal" title="Begum Hazrat Mahal">Begum Hazrat Mahal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhagat_Singh" title="Bhagat Singh">Bhagat Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bharathidasan" title="Bharathidasan">Bharathidasan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhavabhushan_Mitra" title="Bhavabhushan Mitra">Bhavabhushan Mitra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhikaiji_Cama" title="Bhikaiji Cama">Bhikaiji Cama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhupendra_Kumar_Datta" title="Bhupendra Kumar Datta">Bhupendra Kumar Datta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bidhan_Chandra_Roy" title="Bidhan Chandra Roy">Bidhan Chandra Roy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bipin_Chandra_Pal" title="Bipin Chandra Pal">Bipin Chandra Pal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._Rajagopalachari" title="C. Rajagopalachari">C. Rajagopalachari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandra_Shekhar_Azad" title="Chandra Shekhar Azad">Chandra Shekhar Azad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chetram_Jatav" title="Chetram Jatav">Chetram Jatav</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chittaranjan_Das" title="Chittaranjan Das">Chittaranjan Das</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dadabhai_Naoroji" title="Dadabhai Naoroji">Dadabhai Naoroji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dayananda_Saraswati" title="Dayananda Saraswati">Dayananda Saraswati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhan_Singh" title="Dhan Singh">Dhan Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dukkipati_Nageswara_Rao" title="Dukkipati Nageswara Rao">Dukkipati Nageswara Rao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gopal_Krishna_Gokhale" title="Gopal Krishna Gokhale">Gopal Krishna Gokhale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Govind_Ballabh_Pant" title="Govind Ballabh Pant">Govind Ballabh Pant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Har_Dayal" title="Har Dayal">Har Dayal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemu_Kalani" title="Hemu Kalani">Hemu Kalani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inayatullah_Khan_Mashriqi" title="Inayatullah Khan Mashriqi">Inayatullah Khan Mashriqi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jatindra_Mohan_Sengupta" title="Jatindra Mohan Sengupta">Jatindra Mohan Sengupta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jatindra_Nath_Das" title="Jatindra Nath Das">Jatindra Nath Das</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru" title="Jawaharlal Nehru">Jawaharlal Nehru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._Kamaraj" title="K. Kamaraj">K. Kamaraj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanaiyalal_Maneklal_Munshi" title="Kanaiyalal Maneklal Munshi">Kanaiyalal Maneklal Munshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Ghaffar_Khan" title="Abdul Ghaffar Khan">Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khudiram_Bose" title="Khudiram Bose">Khudiram Bose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shri_Krishna_Sinha" title="Shri Krishna Sinha">Shri Krishna Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lala_Lajpat_Rai" title="Lala Lajpat Rai">Lala Lajpat Rai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._Bhaktavatsalam" title="M. Bhaktavatsalam">M. Bhaktavatsalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._N._Roy" title="M. N. Roy">M. N. Roy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maghfoor_Ahmad_Ajazi" title="Maghfoor Ahmad Ajazi">Maghfoor Ahmad Ajazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahadaji_Shinde" title="Mahadaji Shinde">Mahadaji Shinde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Mahatma Gandhi">Mahatma Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangal_Pandey" title="Mangal Pandey">Mangal Pandey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mir_Qasim" title="Mir Qasim">Mir Qasim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mithuben_Petit" title="Mithuben Petit">Mithuben Petit‎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Ali_Jauhar" title="Mohammad Ali Jauhar">Mohammad Ali Jauhar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ali_Jinnah" title="Muhammad Ali Jinnah">Muhammad Ali Jinnah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Mian_Mansoor_Ansari" title="Muhammad Mian Mansoor Ansari">Muhammad Mian Mansoor Ansari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagnath_Naikwadi" title="Nagnath Naikwadi">Nagnath Naikwadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nana_Fadnavis" title="Nana Fadnavis">Nana Fadnavis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nana_Saheb_Peshwa_II" title="Nana Saheb Peshwa II">Nana Saheb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P._Kakkan" title="P. Kakkan">P. Kakkan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prafulla_Chaki" title="Prafulla Chaki">Prafulla Chaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pritilata_Waddedar" title="Pritilata Waddedar">Pritilata Waddedar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purushottam_Das_Tandon" title="Purushottam Das Tandon">Purushottam Das Tandon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rafi_Ahmed_Kidwai" title="Rafi Ahmed Kidwai">Rafi Ahmed Kidwai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramaswamy_Venkataraman" title="Ramaswamy Venkataraman">R. Venkataraman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rahul_Sankrityayan" title="Rahul Sankrityayan">Rahul Sankrityayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajendra_Prasad" title="Rajendra Prasad">Rajendra Prasad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram_Prasad_Bismil" title="Ram Prasad Bismil">Ram Prasad Bismil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rani_of_Jhansi" title="Rani of Jhansi">Rani Lakshmibai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rash_Behari_Bose" title="Rash Behari Bose">Rash Behari Bose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahajanand_Saraswati" title="Sahajanand Saraswati">Sahajanand Saraswati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sangolli_Rayanna" title="Sangolli Rayanna">Sangolli Rayanna</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sarojini Naidu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyapal_Dang" title="Satyapal Dang">Satyapal Dang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuja-ud-Daula" title="Shuja-ud-Daula">Shuja-ud-Daula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shyamji_Krishna_Varma" title="Shyamji Krishna Varma">Shyamji Krishna Varma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pir_of_Pagaro_VI" title="Pir of Pagaro VI">Sibghatullah Shah Rashidi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siraj_ud-Daulah" class="mw-redirect" title="Siraj ud-Daulah">Siraj ud-Daulah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subhas_Chandra_Bose" title="Subhas Chandra Bose">Subhas Chandra Bose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subramania_Bharati" title="Subramania Bharati">Subramania Bharati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subramaniya_Siva" title="Subramaniya Siva">Subramaniya Siva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surya_Sen" title="Surya Sen">Surya Sen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syama_Prasad_Mukherjee" title="Syama Prasad Mukherjee">Syama Prasad Mukherjee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tara_Rani_Srivastava" title="Tara Rani Srivastava">Tara Rani Srivastava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarak_Nath_Das" title="Tarak Nath Das">Tarak Nath Das</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatya_Tope" title="Tatya Tope">Tatya Tope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiruppur_Kumaran" title="Tiruppur Kumaran">Tiruppur Kumaran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubaidullah_Sindhi" title="Ubaidullah Sindhi">Ubaidullah Sindhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V._O._Chidambaram_Pillai" title="V. O. Chidambaram Pillai">V. O. Chidamabaram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V._K._Krishna_Menon" title="V. K. Krishna Menon">V. K. Krishna Menon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vallabhbhai_Patel" title="Vallabhbhai Patel">Vallabhbhai Patel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanchinathan" title="Vanchinathan">Vanchinathan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veeran_Sundaralingam" title="Veeran Sundaralingam">Veeran Sundaralingam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinayak_Damodar_Savarkar" title="Vinayak Damodar Savarkar">Vinayak Damodar Savarkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virendranath_Chattopadhyaya" title="Virendranath Chattopadhyaya">Virendranath Chattopadhyaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yashwantrao_Holkar" title="Yashwantrao Holkar">Yashwantrao Holkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yogendra_Shukla" title="Yogendra Shukla">Yogendra Shukla</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Category:Indian_independence_activists" title="Category:Indian independence activists">more</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">British leaders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archibald_Wavell,_1st_Earl_Wavell" title="Archibald Wavell, 1st Earl Wavell">Wavell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Canning,_1st_Earl_Canning" title="Charles Canning, 1st Earl Canning">Canning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Cornwallis,_1st_Marquess_Cornwallis" title="Charles Cornwallis, 1st Marquess Cornwallis">Cornwallis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Wood,_1st_Earl_of_Halifax" title="Edward Wood, 1st Earl of Halifax">Irwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederic_Thesiger,_1st_Viscount_Chelmsford" title="Frederic Thesiger, 1st Viscount Chelmsford">Chelmsford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Curzon,_1st_Marquess_Curzon_of_Kedleston" title="George Curzon, 1st Marquess Curzon of Kedleston">Curzon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Robinson,_1st_Marquess_of_Ripon" title="George Robinson, 1st Marquess of Ripon">Ripon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound,_1st_Earl_of_Minto" title="Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 1st Earl of Minto">Minto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Broun-Ramsay,_1st_Marquess_of_Dalhousie" title="James Broun-Ramsay, 1st Marquess of Dalhousie">Dalhousie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_William_Bentinck" title="Lord William Bentinck">Bentinck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_Mountbatten" title="Lord Mountbatten">Mountbatten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Wellesley,_1st_Marquess_Wellesley" title="Richard Wellesley, 1st Marquess Wellesley">Wellesley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bulwer-Lytton,_1st_Earl_of_Lytton" title="Robert Bulwer-Lytton, 1st Earl of Lytton">Lytton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Clive" title="Robert Clive">Clive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_James_Outram,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir James Outram, 1st Baronet">Outram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stafford_Cripps" title="Stafford Cripps">Cripps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Hope,_2nd_Marquess_of_Linlithgow" title="Victor Hope, 2nd Marquess of Linlithgow">Linlithgow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_Hastings" title="Warren Hastings">Hastings</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Independence</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1946_Cabinet_Mission_to_India" title="1946 Cabinet Mission to India">Cabinet Mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_India" title="Constitution of India">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_India_(1947%E2%80%93present)" title="History of India (1947–present)">Republic of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Goa" title="Annexation of Goa">Indian annexation of Goa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Independence_Act_1947" title="Indian Independence Act 1947">Indian Independence Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partition_of_India" title="Partition of India">Partition of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_integration_of_India" title="Political integration of India">Political integration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simla_Conference" title="Simla Conference">Simla Conference</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Governors_of_Uttar_Pradesh" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Governors_of_Uttar_Pradesh" title="Template:Governors of Uttar Pradesh"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Governors_of_Uttar_Pradesh" title="Template talk:Governors of Uttar Pradesh"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Governors_of_Uttar_Pradesh" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Governors of Uttar Pradesh"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Governors_of_Uttar_Pradesh" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Uttar_Pradesh" title="List of governors of Uttar Pradesh">Governors of Uttar Pradesh</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sarojini Naidu</a>§</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=B.B._Malik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="B.B. Malik (page does not exist)">B.B. Malik</a>§ <small>(acting)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homi_Mody" title="Homi Mody">Homi Mody</a>§</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homi_Mody" title="Homi Mody">Homi Mody</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanaiyalal_Maneklal_Munshi" title="Kanaiyalal Maneklal Munshi">Kanaiyalal Maneklal Munshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V._V._Giri" title="V. V. Giri">V. V. Giri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burgula_Ramakrishna_Rao" title="Burgula Ramakrishna Rao">Burgula Ramakrishna Rao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishwanath_Das" title="Bishwanath Das">Bishwanath Das</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bezawada_Gopala_Reddy" title="Bezawada Gopala Reddy">Bezawada Gopala Reddy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shashi_Kant_Varma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shashi Kant Varma (page does not exist)">Shashi Kant Varma</a> <small>(acting)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akbar_Ali_Khan_(politician)" title="Akbar Ali Khan (politician)">Akbar Ali Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marri_Chenna_Reddy" title="Marri Chenna Reddy">Marri Chenna Reddy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganpatrao_Devji_Tapase" title="Ganpatrao Devji Tapase">Ganpatrao Devji Tapase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandeshwar_Prasad_Narayan_Singh" title="Chandeshwar Prasad Narayan Singh">Chandeshwar Prasad Narayan Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Usman_Arif" title="Mohammed Usman Arif">Mohammed Usman Arif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B._Satya_Narayan_Reddy" title="B. Satya Narayan Reddy">B. Satya Narayan Reddy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motilal_Vora" title="Motilal Vora">Motilal Vora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Shafi_Qureshi" title="Mohammad Shafi Qureshi">Mohammad Shafi Qureshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romesh_Bhandari" title="Romesh Bhandari">Romesh Bhandari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suraj_Bhan" title="Suraj Bhan">Suraj Bhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishnu_Kant_Shastri" title="Vishnu Kant Shastri">Vishnu Kant Shastri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudarshan_Agarwal" title="Sudarshan Agarwal">Sudarshan Agarwal</a> <small>(acting)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._V._Rajeswar" title="T. V. Rajeswar">T. V. Rajeswar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banwari_Lal_Joshi" title="Banwari Lal Joshi">Banwari Lal Joshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aziz_Qureshi" title="Aziz Qureshi">Aziz Qureshi</a> <small>(acting)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram_Naik" title="Ram Naik">Ram Naik</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>§ Served as governor of <a href="/wiki/United_Provinces_of_Agra_and_Oudh" title="United Provinces of Agra and Oudh">United Provinces</a> of Independent India</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q250165#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q250165#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q250165#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/000000008099982X">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/20485679">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/17862/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJrGtJqYcj9t7TtXyC6h73">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/119210266">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n50053373">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11973287g">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11973287g">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00550087">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35372068">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=xx0174343&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1376550">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p070126593">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/99037041">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000163621&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810608105405606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007265716805171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA07658742?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/2cb45c83-b0f9-42d7-9b4f-cfcdbb11b217">MusicBrainz</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://adp.library.ucsb.edu/names/102113">Discography of American Historical Recordings</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/929421">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd119210266.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/027758745">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6tq7fxn">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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