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(<b>ICM</b>),<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> also known as <b>marrying out of caste</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a form of <a href="/wiki/Exogamy" title="Exogamy">exogamous</a> nuptial union that involve two individuals belonging to different <a href="/wiki/Caste" title="Caste">castes</a>. Intercaste marriages are particularly perceived as <a href="/wiki/Acceptance" title="Acceptance">socially unacceptable</a> and <a href="/wiki/Taboo" title="Taboo">taboo</a> in most parts of <a href="/wiki/South_Asia" title="South Asia">South Asia</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="By_region">By region</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inter-caste_marriage&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: By region"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="India">India</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inter-caste_marriage&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: India"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Inter-caste_marriages_in_India" title="Inter-caste marriages in India">Inter-caste marriages in India</a></div> <p>As of the 2011 census, only 5.8% of the marriages in India were inter-caste marriages.<sup id="cite_ref-Business_Standard_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Business_Standard-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They are slightly more common in urban settings than in rural settings. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nepal">Nepal</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inter-caste_marriage&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Nepal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Inter-caste_marriage_in_Nepal" title="Inter-caste marriage in Nepal">Inter-caste marriage in Nepal</a></div> <p>Nepal has many castes and inter-caste marriage is generally considered taboo. However, this kind of marriage has been gradually gaining acceptance. In 1854, the Government of Nepal passed the "<a href="/wiki/Caste_system_in_Nepal#Muluki_Ain_(1854)" title="Caste system in Nepal">Muluki Ain</a>" <a href="/wiki/Civil_code" title="Civil code">civil code</a> commissioned by <a href="/wiki/Jung_Bahadur_Rana" title="Jung Bahadur Rana">Jung Bahadur Rana</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This law outlawed marriage between people of a lower caste with those of a higher caste.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1963, <a href="/wiki/King_Mahendra" class="mw-redirect" title="King Mahendra">King Mahendra</a> modified the law to abolish the "caste-based unequal citizenship".<sup id="cite_ref-:4_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since then, inter-caste marriage has been gradually gaining acceptance throughout Nepal.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2009, the Government of Nepal announced that it would give a sum of रू100,000 <a href="/wiki/Nepalese_rupee" title="Nepalese rupee">Nepalese rupees</a> (roughly US$1,350<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) away to couples who have an inter-caste marriage.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The recipients would have to claim the sum within 30 days of the marriage.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Republica_(newspaper)" title="Republica (newspaper)">Republica</a>, however, has reported that there was no "government assistance for <a href="/wiki/Dalit" title="Dalit">Dalit women</a>" who were left jilted by their upper-caste husbands.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pakistan">Pakistan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inter-caste_marriage&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Pakistan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although “<a href="/wiki/Love_marriage" title="Love marriage">love marriages</a>” not <a href="/wiki/Arranged_marriage" title="Arranged marriage">arranged by families</a> may be allowed among the upper class Pakistanis, among other social classes intercaste marriages are socially not accepted. A 2011 study that examined <a href="/wiki/Punjab,_Pakistan" title="Punjab, Pakistan">Punjabi</a> women reported that women in intercaste marriages are subjected to a greater risk of violence compared to other Pakistani women in general. <a href="/wiki/Honor_killing" title="Honor killing">Honor killings</a> due to intercaste marriages have been extensively reported by Pakistani media agencies.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="South_Asian_diaspora">South Asian diaspora</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inter-caste_marriage&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: South Asian diaspora"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Intercaste marriages in <a href="/wiki/South_Asian_diaspora" title="South Asian diaspora">diaspora communities of people of South Asian descent</a>, such as those in <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>, are reported to be not prevalent.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2011 an intercaste couple from UK claimed that their bosses had discriminated against them because of their relationship.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Religious_views">Religious views</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inter-caste_marriage&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Religious views"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Islam">Islam</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inter-caste_marriage&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Islam"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> does not prohibit marriages between individuals based on racial, ethnological, tribal, or caste grounds; though every marriage must still conform to <a href="/wiki/Marriage_in_Islam" title="Marriage in Islam">Islamic marital laws</a> that prohibit marriage of a Muslim woman to a non-Muslim man and of a Muslim man to polytheist woman.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Cite_quran|2|221|t=y|s=ns_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cite_quran|2|221|t=y|s=ns-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sikhism">Sikhism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inter-caste_marriage&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Sikhism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Guru_Amar_Das" title="Guru Amar Das">Guru Amar Das</a> was a proponent of inter-caste marriage, going against the social norms in Punjabi society at the time.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inter-caste_marriage&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Homogamy_(sociology)" title="Homogamy (sociology)">Homogamy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypergamy" title="Hypergamy">Hypergamy and hypogamy</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inter-caste_marriage&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output 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