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However, when issues of language are experienced in certain" /> <title>(PDF) Re-considering orientations in South African Language Policies | Chanel Van der Merwe - Academia.edu</title> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.academia.edu/75998275/Re_considering_orientations_in_South_African_Language_Policies" /> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5VKX33P2DS', { cookie_domain: 'academia.edu', send_page_view: false, }); gtag('event', 'page_view', { 'controller': "single_work", 'action': "show", 'controller_action': 'single_work#show', 'logged_in': 'false', 'edge': 'unknown', // Send nil if there is no A/B test bucket, in case some records get logged // with missing data - that way we can distinguish between the two cases. // ab_test_bucket should be of the form <ab_test_name>:<bucket> 'ab_test_bucket': null, }) </script> <script> var $controller_name = 'single_work'; var $action_name = "show"; var $rails_env = 'production'; var $app_rev = '49879c2402910372f4abc62630a427bbe033d190'; var $domain = 'academia.edu'; var $app_host = "academia.edu"; var $asset_host = "academia-assets.com"; var $start_time = new Date().getTime(); var $recaptcha_key = "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB"; var $recaptcha_invisible_key = "6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj"; var $disableClientRecordHit = false; </script> <script> window.require = { config: function() { return function() {} } } </script> <script> window.Aedu = window.Aedu || {}; window.Aedu.hit_data = null; window.Aedu.serverRenderTime = new Date(1732444485000); window.Aedu.timeDifference = new Date().getTime() - 1732444485000; </script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"ScholarlyArticle","abstract":"What should be taken into account when language policies are developed? It is rarely the case that when language policies are developed, the focus is on issues outside of ‘language’. However, when issues of language are experienced in certain societies as a “cumulative disadvantage” (Piller 2016) together with other forms of domination, normative conceptualisations of language policy seem inadequate. The notion of ‘inhabitance’ is a generative lens through which to illustrate this. In the South African university space, since the #MustFall protests, the question of ‘inhabitance’ has taken centre stage in issues of curriculum and access. Through the act of throwing poo on the statue of Cecil John Rhodes, the #MustFall protests have firmly put on the agenda the need for universities to reflect upon itself, and to ask whose knowledges, bodies, histories and lifeworlds it legitimizes, and therefore, its complicity in maintaining coloniality. This has led to a wider call to decolonize un...","author":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Chanel Van der Merwe"}],"contributor":[],"dateCreated":"2022-04-10","dateModified":"2022-04-10","datePublished":"2022-01-01","headline":"Re-considering orientations in South African Language Policies","inLanguage":"en","keywords":["Bandung"],"locationCreated":null,"publication":"Bandung","publisher":{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Organization","name":"Brill"},"image":null,"thumbnailUrl":null,"url":"https://www.academia.edu/75998275/Re_considering_orientations_in_South_African_Language_Policies","sourceOrganization":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"EducationalOrganization","name":"uwc"}]}</script><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/single_work_page/loswp-352e32ba4e89304dc0b4fa5b3952eef2198174c54cdb79066bc62e91c68a1a91.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" 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It is rarely the case that when language policies are developed, the focus is on issues outside of ‘language’. However, when issues of language are experienced in certain societies as a “cumulative disadvantage” (Piller 2016) together with other forms of domination, normative conceptualisations of language policy seem inadequate. The notion of ‘inhabitance’ is a generative lens through which to illustrate this. In the South African university space, since the #MustFall protests, the question of ‘inhabitance’ has taken centre stage in issues of curriculum and access. Through the act of throwing poo on the statue of Cecil John Rhodes, the #MustFall protests have firmly put on the agenda the need for universities to reflect upon itself, and to ask whose knowledges, bodies, histories and lifeworlds it legitimizes, and therefore, its complicity in maintaining coloniality. This has led to a wider call to decolonize un...","publisher":"Brill","publication_date":"2022,,","publication_name":"Bandung"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Re-considering orientations in South African Language Policies","broadcastable":true,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [25384710]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "control"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loswp.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon';</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":83684584,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “Re-considering orientations in South African Language Policies”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/83684584/mini_magick20220410-31901-1aip8xz.png?1649598402" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/single_work_splash/adobe.icon-574afd46eb6b03a77a153a647fb47e30546f9215c0ee6a25df597a779717f9ef.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">Re-considering orientations in South African Language Policies</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="25384710" href="https://uwc.academia.edu/ChanelVanderMerwe"><img alt="Profile image of Chanel Van der Merwe" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/25384710/6923552/7809839/s65_chanel.van_der_merwe.jpg" />Chanel Van der Merwe</a></div><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2022, Bandung</p><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">What should be taken into account when language policies are developed? It is rarely the case that when language policies are developed, the focus is on issues outside of ‘language’. However, when issues of language are experienced in certain societies as a “cumulative disadvantage” (Piller 2016) together with other forms of domination, normative conceptualisations of language policy seem inadequate. The notion of ‘inhabitance’ is a generative lens through which to illustrate this. In the South African university space, since the #MustFall protests, the question of ‘inhabitance’ has taken centre stage in issues of curriculum and access. Through the act of throwing poo on the statue of Cecil John Rhodes, the #MustFall protests have firmly put on the agenda the need for universities to reflect upon itself, and to ask whose knowledges, bodies, histories and lifeworlds it legitimizes, and therefore, its complicity in maintaining coloniality. This has led to a wider call to decolonize un...</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":83684584,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/75998275/Re_considering_orientations_in_South_African_Language_Policies"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":83684584,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/75998275/Re_considering_orientations_in_South_African_Language_Policies"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div></div><div data-auto_select="false" data-client_id="331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b" data-doc_id="83684584" data-landing_url="https://www.academia.edu/75998275/Re_considering_orientations_in_South_African_Language_Policies" data-login_uri="https://www.academia.edu/registrations/google_one_tap" data-moment_callback="onGoogleOneTapEvent" id="g_id_onload"></div><div class="ds-top-related-works--grid-container"><div class="ds-related-content--container ds-top-related-works--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="108917382" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/108917382/The_language_question_at_a_historically_Afrikaans_university_Access_and_social_justice_issues">The language question at a historically Afrikaans university: Access and social justice issues</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" 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href="https://www.academia.edu/108917382/The_language_question_at_a_historically_Afrikaans_university_Access_and_social_justice_issues"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="51935522" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/51935522/Advanced_language_politics_in_South_African_higher_education_post_RhodesMustFall">Advanced language politics in South African higher education post #RhodesMustFall</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="42395861" href="https://wits.academia.edu/LeketiMakalela">Leketi Makalela</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Southern African Linguistics and Applied Language Studies</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Advanced language politics in South African higher education post #RhodesMustFall","attachmentId":69433771,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/51935522/Advanced_language_politics_in_South_African_higher_education_post_RhodesMustFall","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/51935522/Advanced_language_politics_in_South_African_higher_education_post_RhodesMustFall"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" 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education worldwide. This paper applies a decolonial theoretical lens to argue that the dominance of English in South African education manifests in the ‘colonial wound’, what Walter Mignolo describes as the damage done by ‘the fact that regions and people around the world have been classified as underdeveloped economically and mentally’. It provides evidence for this argument by analysing a set of ‘language histories’ submitted by students at a prestigious English language university in South Africa. Strategies for educational success described by students include mobility and language shift, yet students find these transitions traumatic. They experience feelings of inferiority in terms of their own languages and social practices, which highlights the pervasiveness of the colonial matrix of power.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Navigating language: strategies, transitions, and the ‘colonial wound’ in South African education","attachmentId":49733519,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/18903481/Navigating_language_strategies_transitions_and_the_colonial_wound_in_South_African_education","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/18903481/Navigating_language_strategies_transitions_and_the_colonial_wound_in_South_African_education"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="98940615" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/98940615/Continuities_or_Change_A_Synchronic_and_Diachronic_Analysis_of_Documented_Language_Policies_of_Selected_Universities_in_South_Africa">Continuities or Change?: A Synchronic and Diachronic Analysis of Documented Language Policies of Selected Universities in South Africa</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="141864906" href="https://lupanestateuniversity-ac.academia.edu/BusaniMaseko">Busani Maseko</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Language Teaching and Research</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">In line with the requirements of Department of Higher Education and Training’s language policy framework, universities in South Africa have crafted language policies that commit to promote multilingualism and contribute to the transformation of higher education. This article is an analysis of previous and current revised language policies of North-West University and Stellenbosch University in South Africa. By focusing on the wording and framing of language policy provisions in the past and present policy documents, we show that language policies of the two institutions have been characterised by continuities than change. Through a theorisation of language policy as a function of ideologies, practices and management, the article exposes how the institutions’ language policies perpetuate the marginalisation and exclusion of indigenous language as languages of instruction and continue to legitimatise Afrikaans and English in varying degrees. While the language policies of the two inst...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Continuities or Change?: A Synchronic and Diachronic Analysis of Documented Language Policies of Selected Universities in South Africa","attachmentId":100158012,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/98940615/Continuities_or_Change_A_Synchronic_and_Diachronic_Analysis_of_Documented_Language_Policies_of_Selected_Universities_in_South_Africa","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/98940615/Continuities_or_Change_A_Synchronic_and_Diachronic_Analysis_of_Documented_Language_Policies_of_Selected_Universities_in_South_Africa"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="70638293" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/70638293/Analyzing_university_language_policies_in_South_Africa_Critical_discourse_and_policy_analysis_frameworks">Analyzing university language policies in South Africa: Critical discourse and policy analysis frameworks</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="25384710" href="https://uwc.academia.edu/ChanelVanderMerwe">Chanel Van der Merwe</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2016</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Analyzing university language policies in South Africa: Critical discourse and policy analysis frameworks","attachmentId":80306532,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/70638293/Analyzing_university_language_policies_in_South_Africa_Critical_discourse_and_policy_analysis_frameworks","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/70638293/Analyzing_university_language_policies_in_South_Africa_Critical_discourse_and_policy_analysis_frameworks"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="5132013" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/5132013/Opening_the_doors_of_education_Language_policy_at_the_University_of_Johannesburg">Opening the doors of education’: Language policy at the University of Johannesburg</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="154375" href="https://johannesburg.academia.edu/AnneMarieBeukes">Anne-Marie Beukes</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Language Matters, 2010</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This study explores language policy and management at one of South Africa's historically Afrikaans-medium universities, the University of Johannesburg. The backdrop for the investigation is the changed landscape of higher education and the National Plan for Higher Education's provision that a multilingual environment be created in which all South African languages are developed as academic/scientific languages. The University of Johannesburg has designated four languages as primary languages for academic, administrative, communication and marketing purposes. The study reports on teaching staff's experiences and perceptions of the university's language policy, and their ideas and beliefs regarding the usefulness of the four designated languages.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Opening the doors of education’: Language policy at the University of Johannesburg","attachmentId":49446548,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/5132013/Opening_the_doors_of_education_Language_policy_at_the_University_of_Johannesburg","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/5132013/Opening_the_doors_of_education_Language_policy_at_the_University_of_Johannesburg"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="42755375" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/42755375/Language_ethno_nationalism_and_the_South_African_university">Language, ethno-nationalism and the South African university</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="13005622" href="https://sun.academia.edu/LloydHill">Lloyd Hill</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Modern Africa, 2019</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This article presents a conceptual analysis of the relations between language, ethnicity, and nationalism-within the domain of the university. While an analytical distinction is commonly made between "ethnicity" and "nationalism," here "ethno-nationalism" is used to highlight aspects of cultural continuity between these constructs and to draw attention to problematic "telementational" assumptions about the vehicular role of "languages" in influential modernist theories of nationalism (notably Ernest Gellner and Benedict Anderson). The empirical focus of the article falls on long-run institutional changes in the South African university system; and on the deployment of ideas about ethnicity, nationalism, language, and race. While assumptions about the vehicular capacity of languages have deep roots in the colonial and apartheid periods, these also feature prominently in post-apartheid debates on the transformation of the university system.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Language, ethno-nationalism and the South African university","attachmentId":99527346,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/42755375/Language_ethno_nationalism_and_the_South_African_university","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/42755375/Language_ethno_nationalism_and_the_South_African_university"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="345342" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/345342/_It_cannot_solve_all_the_problems_but_it_can_make_a_contribution_The_role_of_language_policy_and_planning_in_the_transformation_of_the_University_of_Cape_Town">“It cannot solve all the problems but it can make a contribution” The role of language policy and planning in the transformation of the University of Cape Town</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="250825" href="https://oulu.academia.edu/MagdaKarjalainen">Magda Karjalainen</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Since the end of the apartheid regime in the early 1990s, South Africa has been undergoing political, economic, social and cultural transformation. These transitions, embracing virtually every sphere of life, have not been easy, especially because they have been shaped by two seemingly contradictory forces – the need to redress the inequalities of the past, and the globalization processes. Tensions resulting from the need to reconcile conflicting objectives are particularly evident and problematic in the transformation processes of South African higher education. This thesis examines these processes from the perspective of the language policy and planning of the oldest South African university – the University of Cape Town. Since language issues have always played an important role in South African society, it is not surprising that they have also been a focus of the post-apartheid transitions. Language as a part of human rights, and multilingualism are central themes in the national language policies that determine language policy and planning of individual institutions. This research looks at language policy and planning of the University of Cape Town in the attempt to find out what role they play in the broad processes of institutional transformation. Approaching the subject from the perspective of critical linguistic theory, which claims that language planning can be used to maintain and create various forms of societal inequalities, the study seeks to discover the ways in which language interventions at UCT contribute to a transition towards an open, egalitarian institution of equal opportunities for all, while facing the pressures of globalization, including the international dominance of the English language. Given the theoretical perspective and the type of data, a poststructural hermeneutical approach is employed in the research. The objective of the hermeneutical interpretation is to discover the “here and now” meaning of texts, which, influenced and determined by the historical as well as socio-cultural contexts, are warped by ideology and power. It is therefore essential to see texts in their broad contexts, taking all the various factors into account. The central focus is on two documents which guide UCT language planning – the Language policy and the Language plan, which constitute the core data for this research. In addition, other studies, reports, surveys, as well as interviews with people related to UCT language policy and planning in various ways, have been important sources of information in the interpretative process. It seems that the UCT language policy and planning maintains the dominant position of English language, addressing multilingualism in largely symbolic ways. However, since linguistic change cannot happen rapidly, addressing the present needs – students’ academic English literacy – while working on the achievable under current conditions, objectives such as corpus development or communicative courses may bring the best results. The research identifies also some major challenges in the language planning process. The central one, facing in fact South African language planning in every area, is the status and prestige of African languages. In this regard, transforming role of higher education institutions may be essential. KEY WORDS: higher education, multilingualism, language policy and planning, South Africa, transformation</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"“It cannot solve all the problems but it can make a contribution”\u000b The role of language policy and planning in the transformation of the University of Cape Town","attachmentId":1759362,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/345342/_It_cannot_solve_all_the_problems_but_it_can_make_a_contribution_The_role_of_language_policy_and_planning_in_the_transformation_of_the_University_of_Cape_Town","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/345342/_It_cannot_solve_all_the_problems_but_it_can_make_a_contribution_The_role_of_language_policy_and_planning_in_the_transformation_of_the_University_of_Cape_Town"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="100139497" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/100139497/Book_Language_and_Institutional_Identity_in_the_Post_Apartheid_South_African_Higher_Education">Book Language and Institutional Identity in the Post Apartheid South African Higher Education</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="121041212" href="https://independent.academia.edu/HlavisoMotlhaka">Hlaviso Motlhaka</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Book Language and Institutional Identity in the Post Apartheid South African Higher Education","attachmentId":101044604,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/100139497/Book_Language_and_Institutional_Identity_in_the_Post_Apartheid_South_African_Higher_Education","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/100139497/Book_Language_and_Institutional_Identity_in_the_Post_Apartheid_South_African_Higher_Education"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="26308085" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/26308085/THE_POLITICS_OF_LANGUAGE_IN_SOUTH_AFRICAN_INSTITUTIONS_OF_HIGHER_LEARNING">THE POLITICS OF LANGUAGE IN SOUTH AFRICAN INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER LEARNING</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="33635493" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MavhunguMusitha">Mavhungu Musitha</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This study investigated the factors that prevent the use of Black languages as media of instruction and also proposed strategies for promoting black languages in Black universities. Black Africans constitute the majority in almost all the provinces of South Africa. They are followed by Coloured, Whites and Indians or Asians. Coloured people constitute the largest group in the Western Cape while Black African people constitute the largest group in all other provinces. In all the provinces where Blacks constitute majority they do not receive education through the media of their own mother languages. This is despite the fact that the Constitution adopted in 1994 recognises all the eleven languages in the country. The equality accorded to the eleven languages is just on paper and not in practice. English and Afrikaans are the only two languages used as media of instruction in all the 25 universities in the country. Black learners have revolted against the use of Afrikaans in 1976 as a medium of instruction and are again revolting against the same language in the 2016. This study revealed that there is a lack of transformational leadership on the side of politicians and policy makers to implement the requirements of the constitution. The study has also found that Black students do not understand the importance of language as a function of culture because instead of fighting for an African language to be a medium of instruction, they fight to replace Afrikaans with a colonial language, English. A study by Neethling has revealed that one of South African languages isiXhosa has the potential to develop as a medium of instruction. This study recommends that government should develop an agenda of transformation with time frames to force universities to introduce African languages as media of instruction. Universities should from time to time submit their reports to the Department of Education and be presented to parliament. Transforming councils will facilitate changes in the curriculum and medium of instruction. Government should mobilise resources to promote the wider use of indigenous languages throughout the country.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"THE POLITICS OF LANGUAGE IN SOUTH AFRICAN INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER LEARNING","attachmentId":46621442,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/26308085/THE_POLITICS_OF_LANGUAGE_IN_SOUTH_AFRICAN_INSTITUTIONS_OF_HIGHER_LEARNING","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/26308085/THE_POLITICS_OF_LANGUAGE_IN_SOUTH_AFRICAN_INSTITUTIONS_OF_HIGHER_LEARNING"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":83684584,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":83684584,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_83684584" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. 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