CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Military logistics - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"38bfa52b-87f4-4ad0-9154-e6a1e4a51952","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Military_logistics","wgTitle":"Military logistics","wgCurRevisionId":1255370854,"wgRevisionId":1255370854,"wgArticleId":2726726,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Articles with text in Greek languages","Articles containing Latin-language text","Articles containing French-language text","Commons category link is on Wikidata","Military logistics","Military science","Military"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Military_logistics","wgRelevantArticleId":2726726,"wgIsProbablyEditable": true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":30000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q163059","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true, "wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin", "mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.5"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/U.S._Marines_from_Combat_Logistics_Battalion_8%2C_Transportation_Support_Company%2C_work_together_with_Navy_personnel_from_Beach_Master_Unit_2_off-loading_ISO_containers_off_a_Landing_Craft_Utility_during_120615-M-KS710-039.jpg/1200px-thumbnail.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="800"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/U.S._Marines_from_Combat_Logistics_Battalion_8%2C_Transportation_Support_Company%2C_work_together_with_Navy_personnel_from_Beach_Master_Unit_2_off-loading_ISO_containers_off_a_Landing_Craft_Utility_during_120615-M-KS710-039.jpg/800px-thumbnail.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="533"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/U.S._Marines_from_Combat_Logistics_Battalion_8%2C_Transportation_Support_Company%2C_work_together_with_Navy_personnel_from_Beach_Master_Unit_2_off-loading_ISO_containers_off_a_Landing_Craft_Utility_during_120615-M-KS710-039.jpg/640px-thumbnail.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="427"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Military logistics - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_logistics"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Military_logistics&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_logistics"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Military_logistics rootpage-Military_logistics skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Military+logistics" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Military+logistics" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Military+logistics" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Military+logistics" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Etymology_and_definition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etymology_and_definition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Etymology and definition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etymology_and_definition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Principles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Principles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Principles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Principles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Supply_options" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Supply_options"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Supply options</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Supply_options-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Supply options subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Supply_options-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Obtain_supplies_in_the_field" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Obtain_supplies_in_the_field"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Obtain supplies in the field</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Obtain_supplies_in_the_field-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Carry_supplies_with_the_army" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Carry_supplies_with_the_army"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Carry supplies with the army</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Carry_supplies_with_the_army-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ship_supplies_from_the_rear" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ship_supplies_from_the_rear"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Ship supplies from the rear</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ship_supplies_from_the_rear-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Models" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Models"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Models</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Models-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Models subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Models-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Levels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Levels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Levels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Levels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Analytical_tools" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Analytical_tools"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Analytical tools</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Analytical_tools-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Military logistics</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 39 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-39" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">39 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%B9%D8%B3%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="إمدادات عسكرية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إمدادات عسكرية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lox%C3%ADstica_militar" title="Loxística militar – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Loxística militar" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C9%99rbi_logistika" title="Hərbi logistika – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Hərbi logistika" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Ваенная лагістыка – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Ваенная лагістыка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Log%C3%ADstica_militar" title="Logística militar – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Logística militar" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vojensk%C3%A1_logistika" title="Vojenská logistika – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Vojenská logistika" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logisteg_filwrol" title="Logisteg filwrol – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Logisteg filwrol" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milit%C3%A4rlogistik" title="Militärlogistik – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Militärlogistik" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Militaarlogistika" title="Militaarlogistika – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Militaarlogistika" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Log%C3%ADstica_militar" title="Logística militar – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Logística militar" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armea_lo%C4%9Distiko" title="Armea loĝistiko – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Armea loĝistiko" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logistika_militar" title="Logistika militar – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Logistika militar" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C" title="آماد نظامی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آماد نظامی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logistique_militaire" title="Logistique militaire – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Logistique militaire" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B5%B0%EC%88%98_(%EA%B5%B0%EC%82%AC)" title="군수 (군사) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="군수 (군사)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logistik_militer" title="Logistik militer – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Logistik militer" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logistica_militare" title="Logistica militare – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Logistica militare" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadt%C3%A1p" title="Hadtáp – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Hadtáp" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logistik_tentera" title="Logistik tentera – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Logistik tentera" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%B5%E7%AB%99" title="兵站 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="兵站" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milit%C3%A6r_logistikk" title="Militær logistikk – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Militær logistikk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milit%C3%A6r_logistikk" title="Militær logistikk – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Militær logistikk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logistica_militara" title="Logistica militara – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Logistica militara" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logistyka_wojskowa" title="Logistyka wojskowa – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Logistyka wojskowa" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Log%C3%ADstica_militar" title="Logística militar – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Logística militar" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Тыловое обеспечение – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Тыловое обеспечение" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logjistika_ushtarake" title="Logjistika ushtarake – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Logjistika ushtarake" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logistika_(vojenstvo)" title="Logistika (vojenstvo) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Logistika (vojenstvo)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%95%D8%B4%DA%A9%D8%B1%DA%AF%DB%8E%DA%95%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D8%B3%DB%95%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%8C" title="لەشکرگێڕیی سەربازی – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="لەشکرگێڕیی سەربازی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vojna_logistika" title="Vojna logistika – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Vojna logistika" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huolto_(sodank%C3%A4ynti)" title="Huolto (sodankäynti) – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Huolto (sodankäynti)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milit%C3%A4r_logistik" title="Militär logistik – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Militär logistik" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%8F%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="போர் ஏற்பாடுகள் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="போர் ஏற்பாடுகள்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3" title="การส่งกำลังบำรุงทางทหาร – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="การส่งกำลังบำรุงทางทหาร" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Омод – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Омод" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ula%C5%9Ft%C4%B1rma_(asker%C3%AE)" title="Ulaştırma (askerî) – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Ulaştırma (askerî)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Тилове забезпечення – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Тилове забезпечення" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%E1%BA%ADu_c%E1%BA%A7n_qu%C3%A2n_s%E1%BB%B1" title="Hậu cần quân sự – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Hậu cần quân sự" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BE%8C%E5%8B%A4%E5%AD%B8" title="後勤學 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="後勤學" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q163059#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Military_logistics" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Military_logistics" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Military_logistics"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Military_logistics&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Military_logistics&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Military_logistics"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Military_logistics&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Military_logistics&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Military_logistics" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Military_logistics" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Military_logistics&oldid=1255370854" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Military_logistics&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Military_logistics&id=1255370854&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FMilitary_logistics"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FMilitary_logistics"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Military_logistics&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Military_logistics&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Military_logistics" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q163059" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Military supply and maintenance</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:U.S._Marines_from_Combat_Logistics_Battalion_8,_Transportation_Support_Company,_work_together_with_Navy_personnel_from_Beach_Master_Unit_2_off-loading_ISO_containers_off_a_Landing_Craft_Utility_during_120615-M-KS710-039.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/U.S._Marines_from_Combat_Logistics_Battalion_8%2C_Transportation_Support_Company%2C_work_together_with_Navy_personnel_from_Beach_Master_Unit_2_off-loading_ISO_containers_off_a_Landing_Craft_Utility_during_120615-M-KS710-039.jpg/220px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/U.S._Marines_from_Combat_Logistics_Battalion_8%2C_Transportation_Support_Company%2C_work_together_with_Navy_personnel_from_Beach_Master_Unit_2_off-loading_ISO_containers_off_a_Landing_Craft_Utility_during_120615-M-KS710-039.jpg/330px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/U.S._Marines_from_Combat_Logistics_Battalion_8%2C_Transportation_Support_Company%2C_work_together_with_Navy_personnel_from_Beach_Master_Unit_2_off-loading_ISO_containers_off_a_Landing_Craft_Utility_during_120615-M-KS710-039.jpg/440px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5616" data-file-height="3744" /></a><figcaption> U.S. Marines from Combat Logistics Battalion 8 and Navy personnel from Beach Master Unit 2 off-load <a href="/wiki/ISO_container" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO container">ISO containers</a> from a <a href="/wiki/Landing_Craft_Utility" title="Landing Craft Utility">Landing Craft Utility</a> with a <a href="/wiki/Logistics_Vehicle_System_Replacement" class="mw-redirect" title="Logistics Vehicle System Replacement">Logistics Vehicle System Replacement</a> </figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Saber_Junction_15_150426-A-QC664-003.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Saber_Junction_15_150426-A-QC664-003.jpg/220px-Saber_Junction_15_150426-A-QC664-003.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Saber_Junction_15_150426-A-QC664-003.jpg/330px-Saber_Junction_15_150426-A-QC664-003.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Saber_Junction_15_150426-A-QC664-003.jpg/440px-Saber_Junction_15_150426-A-QC664-003.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5760" data-file-height="3840" /></a><figcaption>Loading artillery shells</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist" style="width:"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of a series on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="font-size:150%;"><span style="font-size:120%"><a href="/wiki/War" title="War">War</a></span><br /><span class="nobold"><span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Outline_of_war" title="Outline of war">outline</a>)</span></span></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:War,_northwest_gallery_-_Gari_Melchers,_artist._LCCN91480633_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/War%2C_northwest_gallery_-_Gari_Melchers%2C_artist._LCCN91480633_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-War%2C_northwest_gallery_-_Gari_Melchers%2C_artist._LCCN91480633_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="64" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/War%2C_northwest_gallery_-_Gari_Melchers%2C_artist._LCCN91480633_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-War%2C_northwest_gallery_-_Gari_Melchers%2C_artist._LCCN91480633_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/War%2C_northwest_gallery_-_Gari_Melchers%2C_artist._LCCN91480633_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-War%2C_northwest_gallery_-_Gari_Melchers%2C_artist._LCCN91480633_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3691" data-file-height="1076" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Military_history" title="Military history">History</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_warfare" title="Prehistoric warfare">Prehistoric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_warfare" title="Ancient warfare">Ancient</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_warfare" title="Medieval warfare">Post-classical</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_fortification" title="Medieval fortification">castles</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_modern_warfare" title="Early modern warfare">Early modern</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_Revolution" title="Military Revolution">military revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pike_and_shot" title="Pike and shot">pike and shot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_weaponry_and_warfare" title="Napoleonic weaponry and warfare">napoleonic warfare</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_warfare" title="Modern warfare">Late modern</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_warfare" title="Industrial warfare">industrial warfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth-generation_warfare" title="Fourth-generation warfare">fourth-gen warfare</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Military" title="Military">Military</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_organization" title="Military organization">Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Command_and_control" title="Command and control">Command and control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defense_ministry" class="mw-redirect" title="Defense ministry">Defense ministry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army" title="Army">Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navy" title="Navy">Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_force" title="Air force">Air force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marines" title="Marines">Marines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coast_guard" title="Coast guard">Coast guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_force" title="Space force">Space force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_reserve_force" title="Military reserve force">Reserves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regular_army" title="Regular army">Regular</a> / <a href="/wiki/Irregular_military" title="Irregular military">Irregular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_rank" title="Military rank">Ranks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standing_army" title="Standing army">Standing army</a> / <a href="/wiki/Militia" title="Militia">Militia</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><i>Specialties:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rifleman" title="Rifleman">Rifleman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staff_(military)" title="Staff (military)">Staff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combat_engineer" title="Combat engineer">Engineers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_intelligence" title="Military intelligence">Intel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reconnaissance" title="Reconnaissance">Recon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_corps" title="Medical corps">Medical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_police" title="Military police">Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_diving" title="Military diving">Diving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_communications" title="Military communications">Comms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aircraft_pilot" title="Aircraft pilot">Pilot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_commissar" title="Political commissar">Commissar</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><i>Land units:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infantry" title="Infantry">Infantry</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mechanized_infantry" title="Mechanized infantry">Mechanized</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armoured_fighting_vehicle" title="Armoured fighting vehicle">Armor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cavalry" title="Cavalry">Cavalry</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artillery" title="Artillery">Artillery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_forces" title="Special forces">Special forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Signal_corps" title="Signal corps">Signal corps</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><i>Naval units:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frogman" title="Frogman">Frogman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warship" title="Warship">Warships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Submarine" title="Submarine">Submarines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aircraft_carrier" title="Aircraft carrier">Aircraft carriers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landing_craft" title="Landing craft">Landing craft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auxiliary_ship" title="Auxiliary ship">Auxiliary ships</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><i>Air units:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fighter_aircraft" title="Fighter aircraft">Fighters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bomber" title="Bomber">Bombers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airborne_early_warning_and_control" title="Airborne early warning and control">Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Close_air_support" title="Close air support">Close air support</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic-warfare_aircraft" title="Electronic-warfare aircraft">Electronic-warfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reconnaissance_aircraft" title="Reconnaissance aircraft">Reconnaissance</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><i>Combat systems:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire-control_system" title="Fire-control system">Fire-control system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire-control_radar" title="Fire-control radar">Fire-control radar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Director_(military)" title="Director (military)">Director (military)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combat_information_center" title="Combat information center">Combat information center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonar" title="Sonar">Sonar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radar" title="Radar">Radar</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><i>Historical:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ship_gun_fire-control_system" title="Ship gun fire-control system">Ship gun fire-control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_data_computer" title="Gun data computer">Gun data computer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torpedo_Data_Computer" title="Torpedo Data Computer">Torpedo data computer</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><i>Development:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basic_training" class="mw-redirect" title="Basic training">Basic training</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_exercise" title="Military exercise">Military manoeuvrers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combat_training" class="mw-redirect" title="Combat training">Combat training</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Battlespace" title="Battlespace">Battlespace</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li>Aerospace <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aerial_warfare" title="Aerial warfare">Aerial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airborne_forces" title="Airborne forces">Airborne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_warfare" title="Space warfare">Space</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Land_warfare" title="Land warfare">Land</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cold-weather_warfare" title="Cold-weather warfare">Cold-region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desert_warfare" title="Desert warfare">Desert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fortification" title="Fortification">Fortification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jungle_warfare" title="Jungle warfare">Jungle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_warfare" title="Mountain warfare">Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_warfare" title="Urban warfare">Urban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subterranean_warfare" title="Subterranean warfare">Subterranean</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tunnel_warfare" title="Tunnel warfare">Tunnel</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Naval_warfare" title="Naval warfare">Sea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amphibious_warfare" title="Amphibious warfare">Amphibious</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue-water_navy" title="Blue-water navy">Blue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brown-water_navy" title="Brown-water navy">Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green-water_navy" title="Green-water navy">Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surface_warfare" title="Surface warfare">Surface</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_warfare" title="Underwater warfare">Underwater</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Seabed_warfare" title="Seabed warfare">Seabed</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cyberwarfare" title="Cyberwarfare">Cyber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Information_warfare" title="Information warfare">Information</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Weapon" title="Weapon">Weapons</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-aircraft_warfare" title="Anti-aircraft warfare">Air defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armoured_warfare" title="Armoured warfare">Armor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artillery" title="Artillery">Artillery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barrage_(artillery)" title="Barrage (artillery)">Barrage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biological_warfare" title="Biological warfare">Biological</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_camouflage" title="Military camouflage">Camouflage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cavalry" title="Cavalry">Cavalry</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Horses_in_warfare" title="Horses in warfare">Horses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cavalry_tactics#Cavalry_in_modern_warfare" title="Cavalry tactics">Air cavalry</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemical_warfare" title="Chemical warfare">Chemical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conventional_warfare" title="Conventional warfare">Conventional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyberweapon" title="Cyberweapon">Cyber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Area_denial_weapon" title="Area denial weapon">Denial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disinformation" title="Disinformation">Disinformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drone_warfare" title="Drone warfare">Drone</a> / <a href="/wiki/Military_robot" title="Military robot">Robot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electromagnetic_warfare" class="mw-redirect" title="Electromagnetic warfare">Electromagnetic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infantry" title="Infantry">Infantry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loitering_munition" title="Loitering munition">Loitering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missile_defense" title="Missile defense">Missile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martial_music" title="Martial music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_warfare" title="Nuclear warfare">Nuclear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychological_warfare" title="Psychological warfare">Psychological</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiological_warfare" title="Radiological warfare">Radiological</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Submarine_warfare" title="Submarine warfare">Submarine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unconventional_warfare" title="Unconventional warfare">Unconventional</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Military_tactics" title="Military tactics">Tactics</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><a href="/wiki/List_of_military_tactics" title="List of military tactics">List of military tactics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_combat_manoeuvring" title="Air combat manoeuvring">Aerial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airlift" title="Airlift">Airlift</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_assault" title="Air assault">Air assault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airbridge_(logistics)" title="Airbridge (logistics)">Airbridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airdrop" title="Airdrop">Airdrop</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-aircraft_warfare" title="Anti-aircraft warfare">Anti-aircraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-submarine_warfare" title="Anti-submarine warfare">Anti-sub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-tank_warfare" title="Anti-tank warfare">Anti-tank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle" title="Battle">Battle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cavalry_tactics" title="Cavalry tactics">Cavalry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charge_(warfare)" title="Charge (warfare)">Charge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counterattack" title="Counterattack">Counterattack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counterinsurgency" title="Counterinsurgency">Counterinsurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convoy" title="Convoy">Convoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defeat_in_detail" title="Defeat in detail">Defeat in detail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defensive_fighting_position" title="Defensive fighting position">Foxhole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drone_warfare" title="Drone warfare">Drone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Envelopment" title="Envelopment">Envelopment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tactical_formation" title="Tactical formation">Formation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guerrilla_warfare" title="Guerrilla warfare">Guerrilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_tactics" title="Naval tactics">Naval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shock_and_awe" title="Shock and awe">Rapid dominance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Encirclement" title="Encirclement">Encirclement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Investment_(military)" title="Investment (military)">Investment</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege" title="Siege">Siege</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swarming_(military)" title="Swarming (military)">Swarm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Screening_(tactical)" title="Screening (tactical)">Screen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tactical_objective" title="Tactical objective">Tactical objective</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saturation_attack" title="Saturation attack">Target saturation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trench_warfare" title="Trench warfare">Trench</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Withdrawal_(military)" title="Withdrawal (military)">Withdrawal</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Operational_level_of_war" title="Operational level of war">Operational</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_operation" title="Military operation">Military operation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Special_operations" title="Special operations">Special</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operations_research" title="Operations research">Operations research</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Blitzkrieg" title="Blitzkrieg">Blitzkrieg</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combined_arms" title="Combined arms">Combined arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expeditionary_warfare" title="Expeditionary warfare">Expeditionary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_operation" title="Deep operation">Deep operation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maneuver_warfare" title="Maneuver warfare">Maneuver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operational_manoeuvre_group" title="Operational manoeuvre group">Operational manoeuvre group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid_(military)" title="Raid (military)">Raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Covert_operation" title="Covert operation">Covert</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Military_strategy" title="Military strategy">Strategy</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><a href="/wiki/List_of_military_strategies_and_concepts" title="List of military strategies and concepts">List of military strategies and concepts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_campaign" title="Military campaign">Military campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-access/area_denial" title="Anti-access/area denial">Anti-access</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attrition_warfare" title="Attrition warfare">Attrition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commerce_raiding" title="Commerce raiding">Commerce raiding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counter-offensive" class="mw-redirect" title="Counter-offensive">Counter-offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culminating_point" title="Culminating point">Culminating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defence_in_depth" title="Defence in depth">Defence in depth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fabian_strategy" title="Fabian strategy">Fabian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empty_Fort_Strategy" title="Empty Fort Strategy">Empty fort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mosaic_Warfare" class="mw-redirect" title="Mosaic Warfare">Mosaic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_deception" title="Military deception">Deception</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategic_defence" title="Strategic defence">Defensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategic_depth" title="Strategic depth">Depth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategic_goal_(military)" title="Strategic goal (military)">Goal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_strategy" title="Nuclear strategy">Nuclear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_strategy" title="Naval strategy">Naval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Offensive_(military)" title="Offensive (military)">Offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scorched_earth" title="Scorched earth">Scorched earth</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Grand_strategy" title="Grand strategy">Grand strategy</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asymmetric_warfare" title="Asymmetric warfare">Asymmetric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blockade" title="Blockade">Blockade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broken-backed_war_theory" title="Broken-backed war theory">Broken-backed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Class_conflict" title="Class conflict">Class</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cold_war_(general_term)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cold war (general term)">Cold war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonial_war" title="Colonial war">Colonial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conquest" title="Conquest">Conquest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Containment" title="Containment">Containment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divide_and_rule" title="Divide and rule">Divide and conquer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_warfare" title="Economic warfare">Economic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endemic_warfare" class="mw-redirect" title="Endemic warfare">Endemic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fleet_in_being" title="Fleet in being">Fleet in being</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irregular_warfare" title="Irregular warfare">Irregular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wars_of_national_liberation" title="Wars of national liberation">Liberation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limited_war" title="Limited war">Limited</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Network-centric_warfare" title="Network-centric warfare">Network-centric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_generation_warfare" title="New generation warfare">New generation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perpetual_war" title="Perpetual war">Perpetual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_warfare" title="Political warfare">Political</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princely_rebellion" title="Princely rebellion">Princely</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proxy_war" title="Proxy war">Proxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_war" title="Religious war">Religious</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resource_war" title="Resource war">Resource</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategic_studies" title="Strategic studies">Strategic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_succession" title="War of succession">Succession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_technology" title="Military technology">Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theater_(warfare)" title="Theater (warfare)">Theater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Total_war" title="Total war">Total war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_war" title="World war">World war</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Military_administration" title="Military administration">Administrative</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_branch" title="Military branch">Branch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_policy" title="Military policy">Policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staff_(military)" title="Staff (military)">Staff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_education_and_training" title="Military education and training">Training</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_service" title="Military service">Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_sociology" title="Military sociology">Sociology</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Military_organization" title="Military organization">Organization</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Area_of_responsibility" title="Area of responsibility">Area of responsibility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Command_hierarchy" title="Command hierarchy">Chain of command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Command_and_control" title="Command and control">Command and control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_doctrine" title="Military doctrine">Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principles_of_war" title="Principles of war">Principles of war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_force" title="Economy of force">Economy of force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_medicine" title="Military medicine">Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_engineering" title="Military engineering">Engineers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_intelligence" title="Military intelligence">Intelligence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_rank" title="Military rank">Ranks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_technology" title="Military technology">Technology and equipment</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Military_personnel" title="Military personnel">Personnel</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_recruitment" title="Military recruitment">Recruitment</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Counter-recruitment" title="Counter-recruitment">counter</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conscription" title="Conscription">Conscription</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobilization" title="Mobilization">Mobilization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recruit_training" class="mw-redirect" title="Recruit training">Training</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_specialism" title="Military specialism">Specialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morale" title="Morale">Morale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_the_military" title="Women in the military">Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Children_in_the_military" title="Children in the military">Children</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_people_and_military_service" title="Transgender people and military service">Transgender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_harassment_in_the_military" title="Sexual harassment in the military">Harassment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conscientious_objector" title="Conscientious objector">Conscientious objector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_volunteer" title="Military volunteer">Volunteer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_foreign_volunteers" title="List of foreign volunteers">foreign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercenary" title="Mercenary">Mercenary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soldier" title="Soldier">Soldier</a> / <a href="/wiki/Warrior" title="Warrior">Warrior</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Logistics</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_military_logistics" title="History of military logistics">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_economy" title="War economy">War economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military%E2%80%93industrial_complex" title="Military–industrial complex">Military–industrial complex</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arms_industry" title="Arms industry">Arms industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Materiel" title="Materiel">Materiel</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_supply-chain_management" title="Military supply-chain management">Supply-chain management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_base" title="Military base">Base</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Main_operating_base" title="Main operating base">MOB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forward_operating_base" title="Forward operating base">FOB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outpost_(military)" title="Outpost (military)">Outpost</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Military_science" title="Military science">Science</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Power_projection" title="Power projection">Power projection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loss-of-strength_gradient" title="Loss-of-strength gradient">Loss-of-strength gradient</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanchester%27s_laws" title="Lanchester's laws">Lanchester's laws</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Force_multiplication" title="Force multiplication">Force multiplication</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Law_of_war" title="Law of war">Law</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_occupation" title="Military occupation">Occupation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armistice" title="Armistice">Armistice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceasefire" title="Ceasefire">Ceasefire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conscription" title="Conscription">Conscription</a> / <a href="/wiki/Military_volunteer" title="Military volunteer">Volunteer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Court-martial" title="Court-martial">Court-martial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desertion" title="Desertion">Desertion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geneva_Conventions" title="Geneva Conventions">Geneva Conventions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geneva_Protocol" title="Geneva Protocol">Geneva Protocol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_military_jurisprudence" title="Islamic military jurisprudence">Islamic rules</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_justice" title="Military justice">Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combatant" title="Combatant">Lawful</a> / <a href="/wiki/Unlawful_combatant" title="Unlawful combatant">Unlawful combatant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Letter_of_marque" title="Letter of marque">Letter of marque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perfidy" title="Perfidy">Perfidy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_military_company" title="Private military company">Private military</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_foreign_volunteers" title="List of foreign volunteers">Foreign expatriate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercenary" title="Mercenary">Mercenary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Privateer" title="Privateer">Privateer</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_laws_on_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish laws on war">Jewish laws on war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_of_conquest" title="Right of conquest">Right of conquest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rules_of_engagement" title="Rules of engagement">Rules of engagement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martial_law" title="Martial law">Martial law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_crime" title="War crime">War crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penal_military_unit" title="Penal military unit">Penal military unit</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Military_theory" title="Military theory">Theory</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_supremacy" title="Air supremacy">Air supremacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appeasement" title="Appeasement">Appeasement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Command_of_the_sea" title="Command of the sea">Command of the sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deterrence_theory" title="Deterrence theory">Deterrence theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Full-spectrum_dominance" title="Full-spectrum dominance">Full-spectrum dominance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overmatch" title="Overmatch">Overmatch</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Unrestricted_Warfare" title="Unrestricted Warfare">Unrestricted Warfare</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Just_war_theory" title="Just war theory">Just war theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principles_of_war" title="Principles of war">Principles of war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_war" title="Philosophy of war">Philosophy of war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Security_dilemma" title="Security dilemma">Security dilemma</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tripwire_force" title="Tripwire force">Tripwire force</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Professional_wargaming" title="Professional wargaming">Wargaming</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_simulation" title="Military simulation">Simulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_exercise" title="Military exercise">Exercises</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Military_operations_other_than_war" title="Military operations other than war">Non-warfare</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arms_control" title="Arms control">Arms control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counter-insurgency" class="mw-redirect" title="Counter-insurgency">Counter-insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deterrence_theory" title="Deterrence theory">deterrence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disaster_response" title="Disaster response">Disaster response</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grey-zone_(international_relations)" title="Grey-zone (international relations)">Grey-zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunboat_diplomacy" title="Gunboat diplomacy">Gunboat diplomacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanitarian_aid" title="Humanitarian aid">Humanitarian aid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement" title="Law enforcement">Law enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low-intensity_conflict" title="Low-intensity conflict">Low-intensity conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_engineering" title="Military engineering">Military engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multilateralism" title="Multilateralism">Multilateralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peacekeeping" title="Peacekeeping">Peacekeeping</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peacebuilding" title="Peacebuilding">Peacebuilding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_through_strength" title="Peace through strength">Peace through strength</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Show_of_force" title="Show of force">Show of force</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Military_tradition" title="Military tradition">Culture</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_awards_and_decorations" title="Military awards and decorations">Awards and decorations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_cry" title="Battle cry">Battle cry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warrior" title="Warrior">Warrior caste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_film" title="War film">War film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_science_fiction" title="Military science fiction">Military science fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_novel" title="War novel">War novel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-war_movement" title="Anti-war movement">Anti-war movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foot_drill" title="Foot drill">Foot drill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_song" title="War song">War song</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_uniform" title="Military uniform">Uniform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wargame" title="Wargame">Wargame</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)">Related</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_war" title="Women in war">Women in war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_resister" title="War resister">War resister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_studies" title="War studies">War studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horses_in_warfare" title="Horses in warfare">Horses in warfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wartime_sexual_violence" title="Wartime sexual violence">Wartime sexual violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifth_column" title="Fifth column">Fifth column</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Military_lists" title="Category:Military lists">Lists</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_battles" title="Lists of battles">Battles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_military_occupations" title="List of military occupations">Military occupations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_established_military_terms" title="List of established military terms">Military terms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_military_operations" title="List of military operations">Operations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sieges" title="List of sieges">Sieges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_war_crimes" title="List of war crimes">War crimes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_war#Wars" title="Outline of war">Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_weapons" title="Lists of weapons">Weapons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_military_writers" title="List of military writers">Writers</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:War" title="Template:War"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:War" title="Template talk:War"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:War" title="Special:EditPage/Template:War"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Military logistics</b> is the discipline of planning and carrying out the movement, supply, and maintenance of military forces. In its most comprehensive sense, it is those aspects or military operations that deal with: </p> <ul><li>Design, development, <a href="/wiki/Military_acquisition" title="Military acquisition">acquisition</a>, storage, distribution, maintenance, evacuation, and disposition of <a href="/wiki/Materiel" title="Materiel">materiel</a>.</li> <li>Transport of personnel.</li> <li>Acquisition or construction, maintenance, operation and disposition of facilities.</li> <li>Acquisition or furnishing of services.</li> <li>Medical and health service support.</li></ul> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology_and_definition">Etymology and definition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Military_logistics&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology and definition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The word "logistics" is derived from the Greek adjective <span title="Greek languages collective text"><i lang="grk">logistikos</i></span> meaning "skilled in calculating",<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEManganLalwani20168_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManganLalwani20168-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and its corresponding Latin word <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">logisticus</i></span>. In turn this comes from the Greek <span title="Greek languages collective text"><i lang="grk">logos</i></span>, which refers to the principles of thought and action.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETepicTanackovStojić2011379_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETepicTanackovStojić2011379-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another Latin root, <i>log-</i>, gave rise around 1380 to <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">logio</i></span>, meaning to lodge or dwell, and became the French verb <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/loger" class="extiw" title="wikt:loger">loger</a></i></span>, meaning "to lodge". Around 1670, the French King <a href="/wiki/Louis_XIV" title="Louis XIV">Louis XIV</a> created the position of <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Mar%C3%A9chal_des_logis" title="Maréchal des logis">Maréchal des logis</a></i></span>, an officer responsible for planning marches, establishing camp sites, and regulating transport and supply. The term <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">logistique</i></span> soon came to refer to his duties.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERider197025_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERider197025-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was in this sense that <a href="/wiki/Antoine-Henri_Jomini" title="Antoine-Henri Jomini">Antoine-Henri Jomini</a> referred to the term in his <i>Summary of the Art of War</i> (1838). In the English translation, the word became "logistics".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERider197026_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERider197026-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> In 1888, Charles C. Rogers created a course on naval logistics at the <a href="/wiki/Naval_War_College" title="Naval War College">Naval War College</a>. In <i>Farrow's Military Encyclopedia</i> (1895), <a href="/wiki/Edward_S._Farrow" title="Edward S. Farrow">Edward S. Farrow</a>, and instructor in <a href="/wiki/Military_tactics" title="Military tactics">tactics</a> at <a href="/wiki/West_Point" class="mw-redirect" title="West Point">West Point</a> provided this definition:<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style></p><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Bardin considers the application of this word by some writers as more ambitious than accurate. It is derived from Latin <i>logista</i>, the administrator or intendant of the Roman armies. It is properly that branch of the military art embracing all the details for moving and supplying armies. It includes the operations of the ordnance, quartermaster's, subsistence, medical, and pay departments. It also embraces the preparation and regulation of magazines, for opening a campaign, and all orders of march and other orders from the general-in-chief relative to moving and supplying armies.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFarrow1895230_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFarrow1895230-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p></blockquote><p> The term became popularised during the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a>. In <i>Logistics in World War II: Final Report of the Army Service Forces</i>, <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_General_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lieutenant General (United States)">Lieutenant General</a> <a href="/wiki/LeRoy_Lutes" title="LeRoy Lutes">LeRoy Lutes</a>, the commanding general of the <a href="/wiki/Army_Service_Forces" title="Army Service Forces">Army Service Forces</a>, gave the term a more expansive definition: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"></p><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The word "logistics" has been given many different shades of meaning. A common definition is: "That branch of military art which embraces the details of the transport, quartering, and supply of troops in military operations." As the word is used in the following pages, its meaning is even broader. It embraces all military activities not included in the terms "strategy" and "tactics." In this sense, logistics includes procurement, storage, and distribution of equipment and supplies; transport of troops and cargo by land, sea, and air; construction and maintenance of facilities; communication by wire, radio, and the mails; care of the sick and wounded; and the induction, classification, assignment, welfare and separation of personnel.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELutes1993vii_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELutes1993vii-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p></blockquote> <p><a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> uses a more restrictive definition:<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"></p><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The science of planning and carrying out the movement and maintenance of forces. In its most comprehensive sense, the aspects of military operations which deal with:</p><div><ol style="list-style-type:lower-alpha"><li>design and development, acquisition, storage, movement, distribution, maintenance, evacuation, and disposal of materiel;</li><li>transport of personnel;</li><li>acquisition or construction, maintenance, operation, and disposition of facilities;</li><li>acquisition or furnishing of services; and</li><li>medical and health service support.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENATO20132-L-5_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENATO20132-L-5-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ol></div> </blockquote> <p>In the 1960s, the term "<a href="/wiki/Logistics" title="Logistics">logistics</a>" began to be used in the business world,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETepicTanackovStojić2011379_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETepicTanackovStojić2011379-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> where it means physical distribution and <a href="/wiki/Supply_chain_management" title="Supply chain management">supply chain management</a>. This is more restricted than the military definition.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEManganLalwani20169–13_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManganLalwani20169–13-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Logistics is an enabler of military operations, not an end in itself.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETuttle20053–4_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETuttle20053–4-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Poor logistics can result in defeat, but even the best logistics cannot guarantee victory. Conversely, the best possible logistics is not always required: fit for purpose can suffice.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlack2021165_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlack2021165-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Principles">Principles</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Military_logistics&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Principles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Airdrop_pallets.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Airdrop_pallets.jpg/220px-Airdrop_pallets.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Airdrop_pallets.jpg/330px-Airdrop_pallets.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Airdrop_pallets.jpg/440px-Airdrop_pallets.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2143" /></a><figcaption>Pallets of supplies being dropped to servicemembers at a remote camp in Afghanistan. Air transport was an important part of NATO logistics in Afghanistan.</figcaption></figure> <p>Historian James A. Huston proposed sixteen principles of military logistics:<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHuston1989386–388_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHuston1989386–388-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHuston1966655–668_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHuston1966655–668-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ol><li><b>Equivalence</b>: Strategy, tactics and logistics are inseparable and interdependent facets of military art and science.</li> <li><b>Material precedence</b>: Mobilisation of materiel should precede that of personnel, and the provision of logistical units that of combat units.</li> <li><b>Forward impetus</b>: The impetus of supply should be from the rear, and combat unit commanders should be spared having to deal with logistical details while still being in control of their logistics.</li> <li><b>Mobility</b>: Logistics should facilitate the rapid movement of both combat and logistical units in support of operations.</li> <li><b>Dispersion</b>: Multiple sources of supply and lines of communications reduce the enemy interference and congestion of transportation infrastructure.</li> <li><b>Economy</b>: Logistical resources are limited, so they must be deployed so as to make the best use of them.</li> <li><b>Feasibility</b>: Logistical capabilities are subject to external constraints.</li> <li><b>Flexibility</b>: Strategic and operational plans and priorities change and logistical support must change with them.</li> <li><b>Relativity</b>: Logistics is relative to time and space.</li> <li><b>Continuity</b>: Fundamental changes should not be required to meet an emergency.</li> <li><b>Timeliness</b> Logistical tasks must be accomplished so as to take full advantage of opportunities.</li> <li><b>Responsibility</b>: Someone must be responsible for logistical performance and outcomes.</li> <li><b>Unity of command</b>: Logistics is a function of command and a single authority should be responsible for logistics.</li> <li><b>Information</b>: Accurate and timely information is required for effective logistical planning and support.</li> <li><b>Quality</b>: Logistics is facilitated by strict quality standards.</li> <li><b>Simplicity</b>: Simple solutions are more effective and manageable.</li></ol> <p>The United States <a href="/wiki/Joint_Chiefs_of_Staff" title="Joint Chiefs of Staff">Joint Chiefs of Staff</a> reduced the number of principles to just seven:<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEO'Donohue2019I-8–I-9_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Donohue2019I-8–I-9-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ol><li><b>Responsiveness</b>: Providing the required support when and where it is needed.</li> <li><b>Simplicity</b>: fosters unity and efficiency in planning and execution, and reduces the <a href="/wiki/Fog_of_war" title="Fog of war">fog of war</a> and the "friction" caused by combat.</li> <li><b>Flexibility</b>: the ability to improvise and adapt to changing situations and requirements.</li> <li><b>Economy</b>: using the minimum amount of resources required to bring about an objective.</li> <li><b>Attainability</b>: the point at which sufficient supplies, support and distribution capabilities exist to initiate operations at an acceptable level of risk.</li> <li><b>Sustainability</b>: the ability to maintain the necessary level and duration of logistics support to achieve objectives.</li> <li><b>Survivability</b>: the capacity to prevail in spite of adverse impacts.</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Supply_options">Supply options</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Military_logistics&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Supply options"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are three basic options for the supply of an army in the field, which can be employed individually or in combination.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKress20029_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKress20029-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Obtain_supplies_in_the_field">Obtain supplies in the field</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Military_logistics&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Obtain supplies in the field"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Buying_melons_(Image_1_of_2).webp" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Buying_melons_%28Image_1_of_2%29.webp/220px-Buying_melons_%28Image_1_of_2%29.webp.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Buying_melons_%28Image_1_of_2%29.webp/330px-Buying_melons_%28Image_1_of_2%29.webp.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Buying_melons_%28Image_1_of_2%29.webp/440px-Buying_melons_%28Image_1_of_2%29.webp.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="667" /></a><figcaption>A soldier purchases fresh melons from a local merchant in Shah Wali Kot district, Afghanistan</figcaption></figure> <p>The most basic requirements of an army were food and water.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKress200210_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKress200210-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Foraging" title="Foraging">Foraging</a> involved gathering food and <a href="/wiki/Fodder" title="Fodder">fodder</a> for animals in the field. The availability of these tends to be seasonal, with greater abundance around harvest time in agricultural regions.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlack20212_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlack20212-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is also a dependence on geography, for in desert campaigns there may not be food, water or fodder available locally.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELynn199332_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELynn199332-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Looting" title="Looting">Looting</a> was a means of obtaining supplies in the field. It is possible to capture supplies from the enemy or enemy population.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlack202112–13,_78_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlack202112–13,_78-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An alternative is <a href="/wiki/Purchasing" title="Purchasing">purchasing</a>, whereby an army takes cash and buys its supplies in the field.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlack20216,_74_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlack20216,_74-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cash can also be obtained in the field through local taxation, backed by the threat of violence.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELynn1993143–146_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELynn1993143–146-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The major drawback of using local sources of supply is that they can be exhausted if an army remains in one place for too long, so a force dependent on local supply needs to keep moving.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELynn1993139–140_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELynn1993139–140-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The widespread use of resources in the field gives rise to counter-logistics, whereby they are denied to the enemy through devastation of the land and removal or destruction of resources.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlack20212_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlack20212-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pre-emptive purchasing can be used as a form of <a href="/wiki/Economic_warfare" title="Economic warfare">economic warfare</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlack2021117_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlack2021117-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A besieging force can attempt to starve out a garrison or tempt it to sally through devastation of the surrounding area rather than undertake the more costly operation of assaulting and destroying it, but if it is dependent on local supply then the besieger who might be starved out through their exhaustion.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELynn199335_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELynn199335-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Carry_supplies_with_the_army">Carry supplies with the army</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Military_logistics&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Carry supplies with the army"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A second method is to bring along what is needed, whether by ships, pack animals, wagons or carried on the backs of the soldiers themselves.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKress20029–10_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKress20029–10-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since ancient times, troops had carried rations and personal equipment such as weapons, armour, cooking gear and bedrolls.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlack20214–5_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlack20214–5-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Animals could be driven to accompany the army and consumed for meat.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlack20212_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlack20212-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Roads facilitate the movement of wheeled vehicles, and travel by river or sea permits the carriage of large volumes of supplies.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlack20214–5_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlack20214–5-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This allowed the army some measure of self-sufficiency, and until the development of faster firing weapons in the 19th century most of the ammunition a soldier needed for an entire campaign could be carried on their person or in wagons accompanying the troops. However, this method led to an extensive baggage train which could slow the army's advance.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKress20029–10_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKress20029–10-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ship_supplies_from_the_rear">Ship supplies from the rear</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Military_logistics&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Ship supplies from the rear"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flickr_-_Official_U.S._Navy_Imagery_-_USS_Mustin_receives_supplies_at_sea2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Flickr_-_Official_U.S._Navy_Imagery_-_USS_Mustin_receives_supplies_at_sea2.jpg/220px-Flickr_-_Official_U.S._Navy_Imagery_-_USS_Mustin_receives_supplies_at_sea2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Flickr_-_Official_U.S._Navy_Imagery_-_USS_Mustin_receives_supplies_at_sea2.jpg/330px-Flickr_-_Official_U.S._Navy_Imagery_-_USS_Mustin_receives_supplies_at_sea2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Flickr_-_Official_U.S._Navy_Imagery_-_USS_Mustin_receives_supplies_at_sea2.jpg/440px-Flickr_-_Official_U.S._Navy_Imagery_-_USS_Mustin_receives_supplies_at_sea2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4200" data-file-height="2790" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/USS_Mustin_(DDG-89)" title="USS Mustin (DDG-89)">USS <i>Mustin</i></a> receives supplies at sea</figcaption></figure> <p>Obtaining supplies in the field and carrying supplies with the army remained the primary means of supply until the 19th century,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKress20029–10_24-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKress20029–10-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but even in the 17th century the much larger armies of the period were highly dependent on food supplies being gathered in magazines and shipped to the front.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELynn1993140–143_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELynn1993140–143-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Starting with the <a href="/wiki/Industrial_Revolution" title="Industrial Revolution">Industrial Revolution</a>, new technological, technical and administrative advances permitted supplies to be transported at speeds and over distances never before possible.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKress200210–11_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKress200210–11-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the same time, increased demands for ammunition, and the heavier weight of shells and bombs made it more difficult for armies to carry their requirements, and they soon became dependent on regular replenishment of ammunition from depots. At the same time, mechanisation, with motor vehicles replacing animals, created a demand for fuel and spare parts, neither of which could be obtained locally. This led to a "logistical revolution" which began in the 20th century and drastically improved the capabilities of modern armies while making them highly dependent on this method.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKress200210–11_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKress200210–11-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Military_logistics&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_military_logistics" title="History of military logistics">History of military logistics</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:050412-F-0158T-001_Airmen_load_pallets_of_fuel_onto_a_C-17_Globemaster_III,_to_support_the_first_ever_C-17_polar_airdrop.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/050412-F-0158T-001_Airmen_load_pallets_of_fuel_onto_a_C-17_Globemaster_III%2C_to_support_the_first_ever_C-17_polar_airdrop.jpg/220px-050412-F-0158T-001_Airmen_load_pallets_of_fuel_onto_a_C-17_Globemaster_III%2C_to_support_the_first_ever_C-17_polar_airdrop.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/050412-F-0158T-001_Airmen_load_pallets_of_fuel_onto_a_C-17_Globemaster_III%2C_to_support_the_first_ever_C-17_polar_airdrop.jpg/330px-050412-F-0158T-001_Airmen_load_pallets_of_fuel_onto_a_C-17_Globemaster_III%2C_to_support_the_first_ever_C-17_polar_airdrop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/050412-F-0158T-001_Airmen_load_pallets_of_fuel_onto_a_C-17_Globemaster_III%2C_to_support_the_first_ever_C-17_polar_airdrop.jpg/440px-050412-F-0158T-001_Airmen_load_pallets_of_fuel_onto_a_C-17_Globemaster_III%2C_to_support_the_first_ever_C-17_polar_airdrop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2005" data-file-height="1307" /></a><figcaption>Airmen load pallets of fuel onto a <a href="/wiki/C-17_Globemaster_III" class="mw-redirect" title="C-17 Globemaster III">C-17 Globemaster III</a> to support the first ever C-17 polar airdrop.</figcaption></figure> <p>The history of military logistics goes back to <a href="/wiki/Neolithic" title="Neolithic">Neolithic</a> times.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDyer198512_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDyer198512-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The most basic requirements of an army were food and water.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKress200210_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKress200210-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Early armies were equipped with weapons used for hunting like spears, knives, axes and bows and arrows,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDyer198512_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDyer198512-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and rarely exceeded 20,000 men due to the practical difficulty of supplying a large number of soldiers.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDyer198526_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDyer198526-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Large armies began to appear in the <a href="/wiki/Iron_Age" title="Iron Age">Iron Age</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThompson199111_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson199111-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Animals such as horses, oxen, camels and elephants were used as <a href="/wiki/Beasts_of_burden" class="mw-redirect" title="Beasts of burden">beasts of burden</a> to carry supplies.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEngels198014–16_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEngels198014–16-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBachrachBachrach2017170–171_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBachrachBachrach2017170–171-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Food, water and fodder for the animals could usually be found or purchased in the field.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlack20219–10_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlack20219–10-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a> built networks of roads, but it was far less expensive to transport a ton of grain from Egypt to Rome by sea than 80 kilometres (50 mi) by road.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoth1999214–217_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERoth1999214–217-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlack20214–5_25-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlack20214–5-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the fall of the Roman Empire in the fifth century there was the shift from a centrally organised army to a combination of military forces made up of local troops.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBachrachBachrach2017181–182_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBachrachBachrach2017181–182-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Feudalism" title="Feudalism">Feudalism</a> was a distributed military logistics system where magnates of the households drew upon their own resources for men and equipment.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlack20218_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlack20218-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBachrachBachrach2017182–184_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBachrachBachrach2017182–184-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When operating in enemy territory an army was forced to plunder the local countryside for supplies, which allowed war to be conducted at the enemy's expense. However, with the increase in army sizes from the late sixteenth century onward, this reliance on pillage and plunder became problematic, as decisions regarding where and when an army could move or fight became based not on strategic objectives but on whether a given area was capable of supporting the soldiers' needs. <a href="/wiki/Sieges" class="mw-redirect" title="Sieges">Sieges</a> in particular were affected by this, both for an army attempting to lay siege to a town and one coming to its relief. Unless a commander was able to arrange a form of regular resupply, a fortress or town with a devastated countryside could become immune to either operation.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECreveld19975–10_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECreveld19975–10-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Napoleon</a> made logistics a major part of his strategy.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchneid2005106_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchneid2005106-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He dispersed his corps along a broad front to maximise the area from which supplies could be drawn. Each day forage parties brought in supplies. This differed from earlier operations living off the land in the size of the forces involved, and because the primary motivation was the emperor's desire for mobility.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELynn199318–19_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELynn199318–19-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ammunition could not as a rule be obtained locally, but it was still possible to carry sufficient ammunition for an entire campaign.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECreveld199756–57_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECreveld199756–57-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Transporting_S-300.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Transporting_S-300.jpg/220px-Transporting_S-300.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Transporting_S-300.jpg/330px-Transporting_S-300.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Transporting_S-300.jpg/440px-Transporting_S-300.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2923" data-file-height="1949" /></a><figcaption>Russian vehicle movement by rail</figcaption></figure> <p>The nineteenth century witnessed technological developments that facilitated immense improvements to the storage, handling and transportation of supplies which made it easier to support and army from the rear. <a href="/wiki/Canning" title="Canning">Canning</a> simplified storage and distribution of foods, and reduced waste and the incidence of food-related illness. Refrigeration allowed frozen meat and fresh produce to be stored and shipped.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacksey198933-34_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacksey198933-34-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Steamship" title="Steamship">Steamships</a> made water transports faster and more reliable.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELynn1993183–184_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELynn1993183–184-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Railway">Railways</a> were a more economical form of transport than animal-drawn carts and wagons, although they were limited to tracks, and therefore could not support an advancing army unless its advance was along existing railway lines.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELynn1993183–184_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELynn1993183–184-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the same time, the advent of <a href="/wiki/Industrial_warfare" title="Industrial warfare">industrial warfare</a> in the form of <a href="/wiki/Bolt-action_rifle" class="mw-redirect" title="Bolt-action rifle">bolt-action rifles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Machine_gun" title="Machine gun">machine guns</a> and <a href="/wiki/Quick-firing_gun" title="Quick-firing gun">quick-firing artillery</a> sent ammunition consumption soaring during the <a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELynn1993185_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELynn1993185-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECreveld1997109–111_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECreveld1997109–111-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the twentieth century the advent of motor vehicles powered by <a href="/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine" title="Internal combustion engine">internal combustion engines</a> offered an alternative to animal transport for moving supplies forward of the railhead, although many armies still used animals during the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELynn1993184_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELynn1993184-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlack2021124_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlack2021124-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The development of air transport provided an alternative to both land and sea transport, but with limited tonnage and at high cost.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacksey1989129–130_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacksey1989129–130-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An airlift over "<a href="/wiki/The_Hump" title="The Hump">the Hump</a>" helped supply the <a href="/wiki/Second_Sino-Japanese_War" title="Second Sino-Japanese War">Chinese war effort</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHuston1966431–432_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHuston1966431–432-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and after the war the 1948 <a href="/wiki/Berlin_Air_Lift" class="mw-redirect" title="Berlin Air Lift">Berlin Air Lift</a> was successful in supplying half of the city.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELynn1993185_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELynn1993185-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With the subsequent development of large jets, aircraft became the preferred method of moving personnel over long distances, although it was still more economical to move cargo by sea and land. In forward areas, the helicopter was well-suited to moving troops and supplies, especially over rugged terrain.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELynn1993185_44-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELynn1993185-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Models">Models</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Military_logistics&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Models"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Levels">Levels</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Military_logistics&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Levels"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Akin to the three levels of war, there can be considered to be three levels of logistics. Although modern communications and information technology may have blurred the distinction between them,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFerrisKeithly199738–49_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFerrisKeithly199738–49-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the three-level hierarchy is deeply embedded in the organisational structure of military forces.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKress200217_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKress200217-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Strategic logistics involves logistical activities that are conducted at national and international levels. It includes defining requirements, and arranging for the production and distribution of materiel to operational forces.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENational_Research_Council199922_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENational_Research_Council199922-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Operational logistics involves logistical activities within the theatre of operations. It includes the reception, storage, and distribution of supplies and personnel, the hospitalisation of casualties, the maintenance and repair of equipment, and the operation of the intra-theatre transportation system.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENational_Research_Council199922_52-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENational_Research_Council199922-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The operational level of war can be defined by the amount of logistical independence a formation has.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERodgers202013_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERodgers202013-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For this reason logistics is most often discussed at the operational level.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlack2021182_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlack2021182-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Tactical logistics involves the logistical activities of units engaged in combat.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENational_Research_Council199922_52-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENational_Research_Council199922-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Unlike business logistics, the objective of military logistics is not cost effectiveness of the supply chain, but maximum sustained combat effectiveness.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEccles195922_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEccles195922-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the tactical level, <a href="/wiki/Efficiency" title="Efficiency">efficiency</a> is the overriding consideration, whereas at the strategic level <a href="/wiki/Effectiveness" title="Effectiveness">effectiveness</a> is the dominant concern.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKress200238_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKress200238-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Analytical_tools">Analytical tools</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Military_logistics&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Analytical tools"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tarin_Kowt_convoy.webp" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Tarin_Kowt_convoy.webp/220px-Tarin_Kowt_convoy.webp.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Tarin_Kowt_convoy.webp/330px-Tarin_Kowt_convoy.webp.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Tarin_Kowt_convoy.webp/440px-Tarin_Kowt_convoy.webp.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="636" /></a><figcaption>Supply convoy in Afghanistan</figcaption></figure> <p>The development of computers facilitated the use of analytic tools. <a href="/wiki/Multiple-criteria_decision_analysis" title="Multiple-criteria decision analysis">Multiple-criteria decision analysis</a> (MCDA) is a sub-discipline of <a href="/wiki/Operations_research" title="Operations research">operations research</a> that explicitly evaluates multiple conflicting criteria in decision making.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKoksalanWalleniusZionts201112–13_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKoksalanWalleniusZionts201112–13-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The location of a supply depot could involve multiple considerations and constraints, such as the access to road, rail and sea transport, and travel times to desired delivery destinations. Sometimes the number of alternatives is small and they can be considered individually, but they can also be too large for this to be possible. The consideration of constraints simplifies the decision making. These constraints could be economic, such as cost, but might also be less easily quantified, such as political, strategic or operational considerations.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZionts197995–96_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZionts197995–96-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKress200227_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKress200227-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The United States <a href="/wiki/Office_of_Management_and_Budget" title="Office of Management and Budget">Office of Management and Budget</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Defense" title="United States Department of Defense">Department of Defense</a> call this methodology the <a href="/wiki/Analysis_of_Alternatives" title="Analysis of Alternatives">Analysis of Alternatives</a>, and require it for military acquisitions.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAstUllman201124_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAstUllman201124-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Logistical planning requires forecasting of future consumption and attrition.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKress200227_60-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKress200227-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are two types of attrition: material attrition and personnel attrition. The former relates to the loss of equipment through combat, accidents and ordinary wear and tear through usage.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDupuyBrinkerhoffJohnsonClark19865_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDupuyBrinkerhoffJohnsonClark19865-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Reliability_engineering" title="Reliability engineering">Reliability theory</a> can be used to forecast the <a href="/wiki/Mean_time_between_failures" title="Mean time between failures">mean time between failures</a> of equipment and parts.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarlowProschan19961–5_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarlowProschan19961–5-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKress200228_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKress200228-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This can be used to develop replacement factors, on which manufacturing and stock levels can be based. In the case of items like subsistence and soap, where demand is highly predictable, it is more convenient to use consumption factors instead. <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERisch1953215–216_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERisch1953215–216-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Forecasting of casualties in combat is more difficult, as past experience may not be a reliable guide to future losses, but is required for planning by the medical services.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKress200228_65-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKress200228-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Military_simulations" class="mw-redirect" title="Military simulations">Mathematical models of combat</a> have been developed for this purpose.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrackenKressRosent199617_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrackenKressRosent199617-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Lanchester%27s_laws" title="Lanchester's laws">Lanchester's laws</a> are <a href="/wiki/Differential_equation" title="Differential equation">differential equations</a> that describe the time dependence of two armies' strengths as a function of time.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDupuyBrinkerhoffJohnsonClark19863_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDupuyBrinkerhoffJohnsonClark19863-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mathematical models exist for scheduling of convoys to ensure that vehicles and the goods they carry arrive in time. Vehicle routing models can be used to select routes for timely delivery with minimum exposure to enemy action and without overloading the capacity of transportation networks. Scheduling models can be used to coordinate convoys the share the same routes. There are also models for inventory management that can be used to scheduling and quantity of orders, and stock levels, taking into account factors such as storage capacity, demand rates and delivery lead times.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKasilingam19981–5_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKasilingam19981–5-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIrnichTothVigo20141–3_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIrnichTothVigo20141–3-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKress200229–30_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKress200229–30-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Military_logistics&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEManganLalwani20168-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEManganLalwani20168_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFManganLalwani2016">Mangan & Lalwani 2016</a>, p. 8.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETepicTanackovStojić2011379-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETepicTanackovStojić2011379_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETepicTanackovStojić2011379_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTepicTanackovStojić2011">Tepic, Tanackov & Stojić 2011</a>, p. 379.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERider197025-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERider197025_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRider1970">Rider 1970</a>, p. 25.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERider197026-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERider197026_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRider1970">Rider 1970</a>, p. 26.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFarrow1895230-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFarrow1895230_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFarrow1895">Farrow 1895</a>, p. 230.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELutes1993vii-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELutes1993vii_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLutes1993">Lutes 1993</a>, p. vii.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENATO20132-L-5-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENATO20132-L-5_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNATO2013">NATO 2013</a>, p. 2-L-5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEManganLalwani20169–13-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEManganLalwani20169–13_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFManganLalwani2016">Mangan & Lalwani 2016</a>, pp. 9–13.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETuttle20053–4-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETuttle20053–4_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTuttle2005">Tuttle 2005</a>, pp. 3–4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlack2021165-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlack2021165_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBlack2021">Black 2021</a>, p. 165.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHuston1989386–388-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHuston1989386–388_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHuston1989">Huston 1989</a>, pp. 386–388.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHuston1966655–668-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHuston1966655–668_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHuston1966">Huston 1966</a>, pp. 655–668.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Donohue2019I-8–I-9-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEO'Donohue2019I-8–I-9_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFO'Donohue2019">O'Donohue 2019</a>, pp. I-8–I-9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKress20029-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKress20029_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKress2002">Kress 2002</a>, p. 9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKress200210-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKress200210_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKress200210_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKress2002">Kress 2002</a>, p. 10.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlack20212-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlack20212_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlack20212_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlack20212_16-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBlack2021">Black 2021</a>, p. 2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELynn199332-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELynn199332_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLynn1993">Lynn 1993</a>, p. 32.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlack202112–13,_78-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlack202112–13,_78_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBlack2021">Black 2021</a>, pp. 12–13, 78.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlack20216,_74-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlack20216,_74_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBlack2021">Black 2021</a>, pp. 6, 74.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELynn1993143–146-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELynn1993143–146_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLynn1993">Lynn 1993</a>, pp. 143–146.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELynn1993139–140-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELynn1993139–140_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLynn1993">Lynn 1993</a>, pp. 139–140.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlack2021117-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlack2021117_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBlack2021">Black 2021</a>, p. 117.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELynn199335-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELynn199335_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLynn1993">Lynn 1993</a>, p. 35.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKress20029–10-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKress20029–10_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKress20029–10_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKress20029–10_24-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKress2002">Kress 2002</a>, pp. 9–10.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlack20214–5-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlack20214–5_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlack20214–5_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlack20214–5_25-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBlack2021">Black 2021</a>, pp. 4–5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELynn1993140–143-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELynn1993140–143_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLynn1993">Lynn 1993</a>, pp. 140–143.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKress200210–11-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKress200210–11_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKress200210–11_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKress2002">Kress 2002</a>, pp. 10–11.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDyer198512-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDyer198512_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDyer198512_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDyer1985">Dyer 1985</a>, p. 12.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDyer198526-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDyer198526_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDyer1985">Dyer 1985</a>, p. 26.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson199111-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThompson199111_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThompson1991">Thompson 1991</a>, p. 11.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEngels198014–16-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEngels198014–16_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEngels1980">Engels 1980</a>, pp. 14–16.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBachrachBachrach2017170–171-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBachrachBachrach2017170–171_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBachrachBachrach2017">Bachrach & Bachrach 2017</a>, pp. 170–171.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlack20219–10-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlack20219–10_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBlack2021">Black 2021</a>, pp. 9–10.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERoth1999214–217-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoth1999214–217_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRoth1999">Roth 1999</a>, pp. 214–217.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBachrachBachrach2017181–182-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBachrachBachrach2017181–182_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBachrachBachrach2017">Bachrach & Bachrach 2017</a>, pp. 181–182.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlack20218-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlack20218_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBlack2021">Black 2021</a>, p. 8.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBachrachBachrach2017182–184-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBachrachBachrach2017182–184_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBachrachBachrach2017">Bachrach & Bachrach 2017</a>, pp. 182–184.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECreveld19975–10-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECreveld19975–10_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCreveld1997">Creveld 1997</a>, pp. 5–10.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESchneid2005106-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchneid2005106_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSchneid2005">Schneid 2005</a>, p. 106.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELynn199318–19-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELynn199318–19_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLynn1993">Lynn 1993</a>, pp. 18–19.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECreveld199756–57-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECreveld199756–57_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCreveld1997">Creveld 1997</a>, pp. 56–57.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacksey198933-34-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacksey198933-34_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMacksey1989">Macksey 1989</a>, p. 33-34.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELynn1993183–184-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELynn1993183–184_43-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELynn1993183–184_43-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLynn1993">Lynn 1993</a>, pp. 183–184.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELynn1993185-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELynn1993185_44-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELynn1993185_44-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELynn1993185_44-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLynn1993">Lynn 1993</a>, p. 185.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECreveld1997109–111-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECreveld1997109–111_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCreveld1997">Creveld 1997</a>, pp. 109–111.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELynn1993184-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELynn1993184_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLynn1993">Lynn 1993</a>, p. 184.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlack2021124-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlack2021124_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBlack2021">Black 2021</a>, p. 124.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacksey1989129–130-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacksey1989129–130_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMacksey1989">Macksey 1989</a>, pp. 129–130.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHuston1966431–432-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHuston1966431–432_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHuston1966">Huston 1966</a>, pp. 431–432.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFerrisKeithly199738–49-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFerrisKeithly199738–49_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFerrisKeithly1997">Ferris & Keithly 1997</a>, pp. 38–49.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKress200217-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKress200217_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKress2002">Kress 2002</a>, p. 17.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENational_Research_Council199922-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENational_Research_Council199922_52-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENational_Research_Council199922_52-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENational_Research_Council199922_52-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNational_Research_Council1999">National Research Council 1999</a>, p. 22.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERodgers202013-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERodgers202013_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRodgers2020">Rodgers 2020</a>, p. 13.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlack2021182-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlack2021182_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBlack2021">Black 2021</a>, p. 182.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFDemarest2023" class="citation news cs1">Demarest, Colin (14 August 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.defensenews.com/battlefield-tech/it-networks/2023/08/14/to-nail-logistics-us-army-works-on-info-sharing-at-talisman-sabre/">"To Nail Logistics, US Army Works on Info-Sharing at Talisman Sabre"</a>. Defense News<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 August</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=To+Nail+Logistics%2C+US+Army+Works+on+Info-Sharing+at+Talisman+Sabre&rft.date=2023-08-14&rft.aulast=Demarest&rft.aufirst=Colin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.defensenews.com%2Fbattlefield-tech%2Fit-networks%2F2023%2F08%2F14%2Fto-nail-logistics-us-army-works-on-info-sharing-at-talisman-sabre%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMilitary+logistics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEccles195922-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEccles195922_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEccles1959">Eccles 1959</a>, p. 22.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKress200238-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKress200238_57-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKress2002">Kress 2002</a>, p. 38.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKoksalanWalleniusZionts201112–13-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKoksalanWalleniusZionts201112–13_58-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKoksalanWalleniusZionts2011">Koksalan, Wallenius & Zionts 2011</a>, pp. 12–13.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEZionts197995–96-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZionts197995–96_59-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFZionts1979">Zionts 1979</a>, pp. 95–96.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKress200227-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKress200227_60-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKress200227_60-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKress2002">Kress 2002</a>, p. 27.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAstUllman201124-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAstUllman201124_61-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAstUllman2011">Ast & Ullman 2011</a>, p. 24.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUllman2011" class="citation web cs1">Ullman, David C. (September 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/335822185">"Analysis of Alternatives (AoA) Based Decisions"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Analysis+of+Alternatives+%28AoA%29+Based+Decisions&rft.date=2011-09&rft.aulast=Ullman&rft.aufirst=David+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F335822185&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMilitary+logistics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDupuyBrinkerhoffJohnsonClark19865-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDupuyBrinkerhoffJohnsonClark19865_63-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDupuyBrinkerhoffJohnsonClark1986">Dupuy et al. 1986</a>, p. 5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarlowProschan19961–5-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarlowProschan19961–5_64-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBarlowProschan1996">Barlow & Proschan 1996</a>, pp. 1–5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKress200228-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKress200228_65-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKress200228_65-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKress2002">Kress 2002</a>, p. 28.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERisch1953215–216-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERisch1953215–216_66-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRisch1953">Risch 1953</a>, pp. 215–216.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrackenKressRosent199617-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrackenKressRosent199617_67-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBrackenKressRosent1996">Bracken, Kress & Rosent 1996</a>, p. 17.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDupuyBrinkerhoffJohnsonClark19863-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDupuyBrinkerhoffJohnsonClark19863_68-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDupuyBrinkerhoffJohnsonClark1986">Dupuy et al. 1986</a>, p. 3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKasilingam19981–5-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKasilingam19981–5_69-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKasilingam1998">Kasilingam 1998</a>, pp. 1–5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEIrnichTothVigo20141–3-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIrnichTothVigo20141–3_70-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFIrnichTothVigo2014">Irnich, Toth & Vigo 2014</a>, pp. 1–3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKress200229–30-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKress200229–30_71-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKress2002">Kress 2002</a>, pp. 29–30.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Military_logistics&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAstUllman2011" class="citation journal cs1">Ast, Richard; Ullman, David (September 2011). "Analysis of Alternatives (AoA) Based Decisions". <i>Phalanx</i>. <b>44</b> (3): 24. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0195-1920">0195-1920</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/24910994">24910994</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phalanx&rft.atitle=Analysis+of+Alternatives+%28AoA%29+Based+Decisions&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=24&rft.date=2011-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F24910994%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.issn=0195-1920&rft.aulast=Ast&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft.au=Ullman%2C+David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMilitary+logistics" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBachrachBachrach2017" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Bachrach" title="Bernard Bachrach">Bachrach, Bernard S.</a>; Bachrach, David S. (2017). <i>Warfare in Medieval Europe c.400-c.1453</i>. Abingdon, Oxfordshire: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4324%2F9781003032878-5">10.4324/9781003032878-5</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-003-03287-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-003-03287-8"><bdi>978-1-003-03287-8</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1260343133">1260343133</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Warfare+in+Medieval+Europe+c.400-c.1453&rft.place=Abingdon%2C+Oxfordshire&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1260343133&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4324%2F9781003032878-5&rft.isbn=978-1-003-03287-8&rft.aulast=Bachrach&rft.aufirst=Bernard+S.&rft.au=Bachrach%2C+David+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMilitary+logistics" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarlowProschan1996" class="citation book cs1">Barlow, Richard E.; Proschan, Frank (1996). <i>Mathematical Theory of Reliability</i>. Classics in Applied Mathematics. Philadelphia: Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-89871-369-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-89871-369-5"><bdi>978-0-89871-369-5</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/34473511">34473511</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mathematical+Theory+of+Reliability&rft.place=Philadelphia&rft.series=Classics+in+Applied+Mathematics&rft.pub=Society+for+Industrial+and+Applied+Mathematics&rft.date=1996&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F34473511&rft.isbn=978-0-89871-369-5&rft.aulast=Barlow&rft.aufirst=Richard+E.&rft.au=Proschan%2C+Frank&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMilitary+logistics" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlack2021" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Black_(historian)" title="Jeremy Black (historian)">Black, Jeremy</a> (2021). <i>Logistics: The Key to Victory</i>. Yorkshire: Pen and Sword. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-39900-601-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-39900-601-9"><bdi>978-1-39900-601-9</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1246284038">1246284038</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Logistics%3A+The+Key+to+Victory&rft.place=Yorkshire&rft.pub=Pen+and+Sword&rft.date=2021&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1246284038&rft.isbn=978-1-39900-601-9&rft.aulast=Black&rft.aufirst=Jeremy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMilitary+logistics" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrackenKressRosent1996" class="citation journal cs1">Bracken, Jerome; Kress, Moshe; Rosent, Richard E. (June 1996). "Introduction to 'Warfare Modeling'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>". <i>Phalanx</i>. <b>29</b> (2): 16–17, 20. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0195-1920">0195-1920</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/43962131">43962131</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phalanx&rft.atitle=Introduction+to+%27Warfare+Modeling%27&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=16-17%2C+20&rft.date=1996-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F43962131%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.issn=0195-1920&rft.aulast=Bracken&rft.aufirst=Jerome&rft.au=Kress%2C+Moshe&rft.au=Rosent%2C+Richard+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMilitary+logistics" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCreveld1997" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Martin_van_Creveld" title="Martin van Creveld">Creveld, Martin van</a> (1997) [1977]. <i>Supplying War: Logistics from Wallenstein to Patton</i>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-21730-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-21730-9"><bdi>978-0-521-21730-9</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/318940605">318940605</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Supplying+War%3A+Logistics+from+Wallenstein+to+Patton&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1997&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F318940605&rft.isbn=978-0-521-21730-9&rft.aulast=Creveld&rft.aufirst=Martin+van&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMilitary+logistics" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDupuyBrinkerhoffJohnsonClark1986" class="citation report cs1">Dupuy, Trevor N.; Brinkerhoff, John R.; Johnson, C. Curtiss; Clark, Peter J. (September 1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/tr/pdf/ADA278728.pdf">Handbook on Ground Forces Attrition in Modern Warfare</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Report). Fairfax, Virginia: The Historical Evaluation and Research Organization<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Handbook+on+Ground+Forces+Attrition+in+Modern+Warfare&rft.place=Fairfax%2C+Virginia&rft.pub=The+Historical+Evaluation+and+Research+Organization&rft.date=1986-09&rft.aulast=Dupuy&rft.aufirst=Trevor+N.&rft.au=Brinkerhoff%2C+John+R.&rft.au=Johnson%2C+C.+Curtiss&rft.au=Clark%2C+Peter+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapps.dtic.mil%2Fsti%2Ftr%2Fpdf%2FADA278728.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMilitary+logistics" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDyer1985" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Gwynne_Dyer" title="Gwynne Dyer">Dyer, Gwynne</a> (1985). <i>War</i>. London: The Bodley Head. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-370-30729-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-370-30729-9"><bdi>978-0-370-30729-9</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/13096168">13096168</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=War&rft.place=London&rft.pub=The+Bodley+Head&rft.date=1985&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F13096168&rft.isbn=978-0-370-30729-9&rft.aulast=Dyer&rft.aufirst=Gwynne&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMilitary+logistics" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEccles1959" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Henry_E._Eccles" title="Henry E. Eccles">Eccles, Henry E.</a> (1959). <i>Logistics in the National Defense</i>. Harrisburg, Pennsylvania: The Stackpole Company. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1359005219">1359005219</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Logistics+in+the+National+Defense&rft.place=Harrisburg%2C+Pennsylvania&rft.pub=The+Stackpole+Company&rft.date=1959&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1359005219&rft.aulast=Eccles&rft.aufirst=Henry+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMilitary+logistics" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEngels1980" class="citation book cs1">Engels, Donald W. (1980). <i>Alexander the Great and the Logistics of the Macedonian Army</i>. Berkeley: University of California Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-04272-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-04272-8"><bdi>978-0-520-04272-8</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/12425877">12425877</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Alexander+the+Great+and+the+Logistics+of+the+Macedonian+Army&rft.place=Berkeley&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1980&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F12425877&rft.isbn=978-0-520-04272-8&rft.aulast=Engels&rft.aufirst=Donald+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMilitary+logistics" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFarrow1895" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Edward_S._Farrow" title="Edward S. Farrow">Farrow, Edward Samuel</a> (1895). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UusfAQAAMAAJ"><i>Farrow's Military Encyclopedia; A Dictionary of Military Knowledge</i></a>. Vol. 2 (2nd ed.). New York: Military-Naval Publishing Company. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/993066046">993066046</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Farrow%27s+Military+Encyclopedia%3B+A+Dictionary+of+Military+Knowledge&rft.place=New+York&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Military-Naval+Publishing+Company&rft.date=1895&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F993066046&rft.aulast=Farrow&rft.aufirst=Edward+Samuel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUusfAQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMilitary+logistics" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFerrisKeithly1997" class="citation journal cs1">Ferris, Stephen P.; Keithly, David M. (Autumn 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.55540%2F0031-1723.1839">"21st-Century Logistics: Joint Ties That Bind"</a>. <i>Parameters</i>. <b>27</b> (3). <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.55540%2F0031-1723.1839">10.55540/0031-1723.1839</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0031-1723">0031-1723</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:221374315">221374315</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Parameters&rft.atitle=21st-Century+Logistics%3A+Joint+Ties+That+Bind&rft.ssn=fall&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=3&rft.date=1997&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A221374315%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0031-1723&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.55540%2F0031-1723.1839&rft.aulast=Ferris&rft.aufirst=Stephen+P.&rft.au=Keithly%2C+David+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.55540%252F0031-1723.1839&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMilitary+logistics" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHuston1966" class="citation book cs1">Huston, James A. (1966). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.army.mil/html/books/030/30-4/cmhPub_30-4.pdf"><i>The Sinews of War: Army Logistics 1775-1953</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Army Historical Series. Washington, DC: Center of Military History, United States Army. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/573210">573210</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 June</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Sinews+of+War%3A+Army+Logistics+1775-1953&rft.place=Washington%2C+DC&rft.series=Army+Historical+Series&rft.pub=Center+of+Military+History%2C+United+States+Army&rft.date=1966&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F573210&rft.aulast=Huston&rft.aufirst=James+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistory.army.mil%2Fhtml%2Fbooks%2F030%2F30-4%2FcmhPub_30-4.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMilitary+logistics" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHuston1989" class="citation book cs1">Huston, James A. (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.army.mil/html/books/030/30-4/cmhPub_30-4.pdf"><i>Guns and Butter, Powder and Rice: U.S. Army Logistics in the Korean War</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Cranbury, New Jersey: Associated University Presses. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-941664-87-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-941664-87-5"><bdi>978-0-941664-87-5</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/18523064">18523064</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 June</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Guns+and+Butter%2C+Powder+and+Rice%3A+U.S.+Army+Logistics+in+the+Korean+War&rft.place=Cranbury%2C+New+Jersey&rft.pub=Associated+University+Presses&rft.date=1989&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F18523064&rft.isbn=978-0-941664-87-5&rft.aulast=Huston&rft.aufirst=James+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistory.army.mil%2Fhtml%2Fbooks%2F030%2F30-4%2FcmhPub_30-4.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMilitary+logistics" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIrnichTothVigo2014" class="citation book cs1">Irnich, Stefan; Toth, Paolo; Vigo, Daniele (2014). "The Family of Vehicle Routing Problems". In Toth, Paolo; Vigo, Daniele (eds.). <i>Vehicle Routing: Problems, Methods, and Applications</i>. MOS-SIAM Series on Optimization (2nd ed.). Philadelphia: Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics. pp. 1–33. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-611973-58-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-611973-58-7"><bdi>978-1-611973-58-7</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/884961918">884961918</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Family+of+Vehicle+Routing+Problems&rft.btitle=Vehicle+Routing%3A+Problems%2C+Methods%2C+and+Applications&rft.place=Philadelphia&rft.series=MOS-SIAM+Series+on+Optimization&rft.pages=1-33&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Society+for+Industrial+and+Applied+Mathematics&rft.date=2014&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F884961918&rft.isbn=978-1-611973-58-7&rft.aulast=Irnich&rft.aufirst=Stefan&rft.au=Toth%2C+Paolo&rft.au=Vigo%2C+Daniele&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMilitary+logistics" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKasilingam1998" class="citation book cs1">Kasilingam, Raja G. (1998). <i>Logistics and Transportation: Design and Planning</i>. Boston: Springer. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-1-4615-5277-2">10.1007/978-1-4615-5277-2</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4615-5277-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4615-5277-2"><bdi>978-1-4615-5277-2</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/851814371">851814371</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Logistics+and+Transportation%3A+Design+and+Planning&rft.place=Boston&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=1998&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F851814371&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-1-4615-5277-2&rft.isbn=978-1-4615-5277-2&rft.aulast=Kasilingam&rft.aufirst=Raja+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMilitary+logistics" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKoksalanWalleniusZionts2011" class="citation book cs1">Koksalan, Murat; Wallenius, Jyrki; Zionts, Stanley (2011). <i>Multiple Criteria Decision Making: From Early History To The 21st Century: From Early History to the 21st Century</i>. Singapore: World Scientific. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-981-4335-58-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-981-4335-58-4"><bdi>978-981-4335-58-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/669756100">669756100</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Multiple+Criteria+Decision+Making%3A+From+Early+History+To+The+21st+Century%3A+From+Early+History+to+the+21st+Century&rft.place=Singapore&rft.pub=World+Scientific&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F669756100&rft.isbn=978-981-4335-58-4&rft.aulast=Koksalan&rft.aufirst=Murat&rft.au=Wallenius%2C+Jyrki&rft.au=Zionts%2C+Stanley&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMilitary+logistics" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKress2002" class="citation book cs1">Kress, Moshe (2002). <i>Operational Logistics: The Art and Science of Sustaining Military Operations</i>. Kluwer Academic Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4020-7084-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4020-7084-6"><bdi>978-1-4020-7084-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/936710657">936710657</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Operational+Logistics%3A+The+Art+and+Science+of+Sustaining+Military+Operations&rft.pub=Kluwer+Academic+Publishers&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F936710657&rft.isbn=978-1-4020-7084-6&rft.aulast=Kress&rft.aufirst=Moshe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMilitary+logistics" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLutes1993" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/LeRoy_Lutes" title="LeRoy Lutes">Lutes, LeRoy</a> (1993) [1948]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.army.mil/html/books/070/70-29/CMH_Pub_70-29.pdf"><i>Logistics in World War II: Final Report of the Army Service Forces</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/847595465">847595465</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Logistics+in+World+War+II%3A+Final+Report+of+the+Army+Service+Forces&rft.place=Washington%2C+DC&rft.pub=US+Government+Printing+Office&rft.date=1993&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F847595465&rft.aulast=Lutes&rft.aufirst=LeRoy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistory.army.mil%2Fhtml%2Fbooks%2F070%2F70-29%2FCMH_Pub_70-29.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMilitary+logistics" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLynn1993" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_A._Lynn" title="John A. Lynn">Lynn, John A.</a>, ed. (1993). <i>Feeding Mars: Logistics in Western Warfare from the Middle Ages to the Present</i>. London and New York: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-367-15749-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-367-15749-4"><bdi>978-0-367-15749-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1303906366">1303906366</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Feeding+Mars%3A+Logistics+in+Western+Warfare+from+the+Middle+Ages+to+the+Present&rft.place=London+and+New+York&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1993&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1303906366&rft.isbn=978-0-367-15749-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMilitary+logistics" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacksey1989" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Macksey" title="Kenneth Macksey">Macksey, Kenneth</a> (1989). <i>For Want of a Nail: The Impact of War on Logistics and Communications</i>. London: Brassey's. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-08-036268-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-08-036268-7"><bdi>978-0-08-036268-7</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/19589142">19589142</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=For+Want+of+a+Nail%3A+The+Impact+of+War+on+Logistics+and+Communications&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Brassey%27s&rft.date=1989&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F19589142&rft.isbn=978-0-08-036268-7&rft.aulast=Macksey&rft.aufirst=Kenneth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMilitary+logistics" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFManganLalwani2016" class="citation book cs1">Mangan, John; Lalwani, Chandra (2016). <i>Global Logistics and Supply Chain Management</i> (3rd ed.). Chichester: Wiley. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-119-12399-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-119-12399-6"><bdi>978-1-119-12399-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1048403676">1048403676</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Global+Logistics+and+Supply+Chain+Management&rft.place=Chichester&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Wiley&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1048403676&rft.isbn=978-1-119-12399-6&rft.aulast=Mangan&rft.aufirst=John&rft.au=Lalwani%2C+Chandra&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMilitary+logistics" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNational_Research_Council1999" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/National_Academies_of_Sciences,_Engineering,_and_Medicine" title="National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine">National Research Council</a> (1999). <i>Reducing the Logistics Burden for the Army After Next: Doing More with Less</i>. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17226%2F6402">10.17226/6402</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-309-06378-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-309-06378-4"><bdi>978-0-309-06378-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/41228012">41228012</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Reducing+the+Logistics+Burden+for+the+Army+After+Next%3A+Doing+More+with+Less&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pub=National+Academy+Press&rft.date=1999&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F41228012&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17226%2F6402&rft.isbn=978-0-309-06378-4&rft.au=National+Research+Council&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMilitary+logistics" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNATO2013" class="citation report cs1"><a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jcs.mil/Portals/36/Documents/Doctrine/Other_Pubs/aap6.pdf">NATO Glossary of Terms and Definitions</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Report). Brussels: North Atlantic Treaty Organization Standardization Agency. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4826-7944-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4826-7944-1"><bdi>978-1-4826-7944-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/935689248">935689248</a>. AAP-06<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=NATO+Glossary+of+Terms+and+Definitions&rft.place=Brussels&rft.pub=North+Atlantic+Treaty+Organization+Standardization+Agency&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F935689248&rft.isbn=978-1-4826-7944-1&rft.au=NATO&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jcs.mil%2FPortals%2F36%2FDocuments%2FDoctrine%2FOther_Pubs%2Faap6.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMilitary+logistics" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Donohue2019" class="citation report cs1"><a href="/wiki/Daniel_J._O%27Donohue" title="Daniel J. O'Donohue">O'Donohue, Daniel J.</a> (8 May 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jcs.mil/Portals/36/Documents/Doctrine/pubs/jp4_0ch1.pdf?ver=2020-07-20-083800-823">Joint Logistics</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Report). Washington, DC: Joint Chiefs of Staff. Joint Publication 4-0<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Joint+Logistics&rft.place=Washington%2C+DC&rft.pub=Joint+Chiefs+of+Staff&rft.date=2019-05-08&rft.aulast=O%27Donohue&rft.aufirst=Daniel+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jcs.mil%2FPortals%2F36%2FDocuments%2FDoctrine%2Fpubs%2Fjp4_0ch1.pdf%3Fver%3D2020-07-20-083800-823&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMilitary+logistics" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRider1970" class="citation journal cs1">Rider, Graham W. (December 1970). "Evolution of the Concept of Logistics". <i>Naval War College Review</i>. <b>23</b> (4): 24–33. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0028-1484">0028-1484</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/44641172">44641172</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Naval+War+College+Review&rft.atitle=Evolution+of+the+Concept+of+Logistics&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=24-33&rft.date=1970-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F44641172%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.issn=0028-1484&rft.aulast=Rider&rft.aufirst=Graham+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMilitary+logistics" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRisch1953" class="citation book cs1">Risch, Erna (1953). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://history.army.mil/html/books/010/10-12/CMH_Pub_10-12-1.pdf"><i>The Quartermaster Corps: Organisation Supply and Services</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. United States Army in World War II – The Technical Services. Vol. I. Washington, DC: Office of the Chief of Military History, Department of the Army. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/874758866">874758866</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Quartermaster+Corps%3A+Organisation+Supply+and+Services&rft.place=Washington%2C+DC&rft.series=United+States+Army+in+World+War+II+%E2%80%93+The+Technical+Services&rft.pub=Office+of+the+Chief+of+Military+History%2C+Department+of+the+Army&rft.date=1953&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F874758866&rft.aulast=Risch&rft.aufirst=Erna&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhistory.army.mil%2Fhtml%2Fbooks%2F010%2F10-12%2FCMH_Pub_10-12-1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMilitary+logistics" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRodgers2020" class="citation book cs1">Rodgers, Russ (2020). <i>Nierstein and Oppenheim 1945: Patton Bounces the Rhine</i>. Oxford: Osprey. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4728-4041-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4728-4041-7"><bdi>978-1-4728-4041-7</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1174350216">1174350216</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nierstein+and+Oppenheim+1945%3A+Patton+Bounces+the+Rhine&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Osprey&rft.date=2020&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1174350216&rft.isbn=978-1-4728-4041-7&rft.aulast=Rodgers&rft.aufirst=Russ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMilitary+logistics" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoth1999" class="citation book cs1">Roth, Jonathan P. (1999). <i>The Logistics of the Roman Army at War (264 BC - AD 235)</i>. Leiden: Brill. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-11271-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-11271-1"><bdi>978-90-04-11271-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/39778767">39778767</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Logistics+of+the+Roman+Army+at+War+%28264+BC+-+AD+235%29&rft.place=Leiden&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=1999&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F39778767&rft.isbn=978-90-04-11271-1&rft.aulast=Roth&rft.aufirst=Jonathan+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMilitary+logistics" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchneid2005" class="citation book cs1">Schneid, Frederick (2005). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/napoleonsconques00fred"><i>Napoleon's Conquest of Europe: The War of the Third Coalition</i></a></span>. Westport: Praeger. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-275-98096-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-275-98096-2"><bdi>978-0-275-98096-2</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/57134421">57134421</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Napoleon%27s+Conquest+of+Europe%3A+The+War+of+the+Third+Coalition&rft.place=Westport&rft.pub=Praeger&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F57134421&rft.isbn=978-0-275-98096-2&rft.aulast=Schneid&rft.aufirst=Frederick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnapoleonsconques00fred&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMilitary+logistics" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTepicTanackovStojić2011" class="citation journal cs1">Tepic, Jovan; Tanackov, Ilija; Stojić, Gordan (September 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/283863501">"Ancient Logistics - Historical Timeline and Etymology"</a>. <i>Tehnički Vjesnik</i>. <b>18</b> (3): 379–384. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1330-3651">1330-3651</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 June</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tehni%C4%8Dki+Vjesnik&rft.atitle=Ancient+Logistics+-+Historical+Timeline+and+Etymology&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=379-384&rft.date=2011-09&rft.issn=1330-3651&rft.aulast=Tepic&rft.aufirst=Jovan&rft.au=Tanackov%2C+Ilija&rft.au=Stoji%C4%87%2C+Gordan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F283863501&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMilitary+logistics" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThompson1991" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Julian_Thompson_(Royal_Marines_officer)" title="Julian Thompson (Royal Marines officer)">Thompson, Julian</a> (1991). <i>Lifeblood of War: Logistics in Armed Conflict</i>. London: Brassey's. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-08-040977-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-08-040977-1"><bdi>978-0-08-040977-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/260185060">260185060</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lifeblood+of+War%3A+Logistics+in+Armed+Conflict&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Brassey%27s&rft.date=1991&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F260185060&rft.isbn=978-0-08-040977-1&rft.aulast=Thompson&rft.aufirst=Julian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMilitary+logistics" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTuttle2005" class="citation book cs1">Tuttle, William G. Jr. (2005). <i>Defense Logistics for the 21st Century</i>. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-59114-883-9" title="Special:BookSources/1-59114-883-9"><bdi>1-59114-883-9</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/57637742">57637742</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Defense+Logistics+for+the+21st+Century&rft.place=Annapolis%2C+Maryland&rft.pub=Naval+Institute+Press&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F57637742&rft.isbn=1-59114-883-9&rft.aulast=Tuttle&rft.aufirst=William+G.+Jr.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMilitary+logistics" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZionts1979" class="citation journal cs1">Zionts, Stanley (August 1979). "MCDM:If Not a Roman Numeral then What?". <i><a href="/wiki/INFORMS_Journal_on_Applied_Analytics" title="INFORMS Journal on Applied Analytics">Interfaces</a></i>. <b>9</b> (4): 94–101. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1287%2Finte.9.4.94">10.1287/inte.9.4.94</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0092-2102">0092-2102</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/25059779">25059779</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Interfaces&rft.atitle=MCDM%3AIf+Not+a+Roman+Numeral+then+What%3F&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=94-101&rft.date=1979-08&rft.issn=0092-2102&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F25059779%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1287%2Finte.9.4.94&rft.aulast=Zionts&rft.aufirst=Stanley&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMilitary+logistics" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Military_logistics&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1">Prebilič, Vladimir (June 2006). "Theoretical aspects of military logistics". <i>Defense and Security Analysis</i>. <b>22</b> (2): 159–177. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F14751790600764037">10.1080/14751790600764037</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1475-1798">1475-1798</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:153624638">153624638</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Defense+and+Security+Analysis&rft.atitle=Theoretical+aspects+of+military+logistics&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=159-177&rft.date=2006-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A153624638%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1475-1798&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F14751790600764037&rft.aulast=Prebili%C4%8D&rft.aufirst=Vladimir&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMilitary+logistics" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/George_C._Thorpe" title="George C. Thorpe">Thorpe, George C.</a> (1917). <i>Pure Logistics: The Science of War Preparation</i>. Kansas City, Missouri: Franklin Hudson Pub. Co. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/6109722">6109722</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pure+Logistics%3A+The+Science+of+War+Preparation&rft.place=Kansas+City%2C+Missouri&rft.pub=Franklin+Hudson+Pub.+Co&rft.date=1917&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F6109722&rft.aulast=Thorpe&rft.aufirst=George+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMilitary+logistics" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Military_logistics&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Military_logistics" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Military logistics">Military logistics</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Military_logistics&oldid=1255370854">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Military_logistics&oldid=1255370854</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Military_logistics" title="Category:Military logistics">Military logistics</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Military_science" title="Category:Military science">Military science</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Military" title="Category:Military">Military</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_text_in_Greek_languages" title="Category:Articles with text in Greek languages">Articles with text in Greek languages</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Latin-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Latin-language text">Articles containing Latin-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_French-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing French-language text">Articles containing French-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link is on Wikidata">Commons category link is on Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 4 November 2024, at 16:17<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Military_logistics&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-6fb798d4f9-8mmpj","wgBackendResponseTime":140,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.289","walltime":"1.437","ppvisitednodes":{"value":7783,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":153194,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":9794,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":12,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":2,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":136787,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1209.395 1 -total"," 27.61% 333.863 86 Template:Sfn"," 15.11% 182.717 26 Template:Cite_book"," 12.49% 151.058 1 Template:Reflist"," 11.15% 134.831 7 Template:Lang"," 9.72% 117.558 1 Template:History_of_war"," 9.43% 114.041 1 Template:Sidebar_with_collapsible_lists"," 8.03% 97.166 1 Template:Cite_news"," 6.12% 74.023 1 Template:Short_description"," 4.04% 48.860 7 Template:Cite_journal"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.843","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":18262226,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFAstUllman2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBachrachBachrach2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBarlowProschan1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBlack2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBrackenKressRosent1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCreveld1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDemarest2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDupuyBrinkerhoffJohnsonClark1986\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDyer1985\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEccles1959\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEngels1980\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFarrow1895\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFerrisKeithly1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHuston1966\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHuston1989\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIrnichTothVigo2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKasilingam1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKoksalanWalleniusZionts2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKress2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLutes1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLynn1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMacksey1989\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFManganLalwani2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNATO2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNational_Research_Council1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFO\u0026#039;Donohue2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRider1970\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRisch1953\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRodgers2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRoth1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchneid2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTepicTanackovStojić2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThompson1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTuttle2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFUllman2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFZionts1979\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"Blockquote\"] = 3,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 26,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 7,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite report\"] = 3,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 1,\n [\"Commons category-inline\"] = 1,\n [\"Convert\"] = 1,\n [\"History of war\"] = 1,\n [\"Lang\"] = 7,\n [\"Main\"] = 1,\n [\"Ordered list\"] = 1,\n [\"Refbegin\"] = 2,\n [\"Refend\"] = 2,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 86,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"USS\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\nciteref_patterns = table#1 {\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-6fb798d4f9-hb4fb","timestamp":"20241202065708","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Military logistics","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Military_logistics","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q163059","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q163059","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2005-09-21T21:12:40Z","dateModified":"2024-11-04T16:17:38Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/6\/6b\/U.S._Marines_from_Combat_Logistics_Battalion_8%2C_Transportation_Support_Company%2C_work_together_with_Navy_personnel_from_Beach_Master_Unit_2_off-loading_ISO_containers_off_a_Landing_Craft_Utility_during_120615-M-KS710-039.jpg","headline":"military operations to move and maintain military forces"}</script> </body> </html>