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жылдыруу</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">жашыруу</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Башына кайтуу</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Колдонулган_адабияттар" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Колдонулган_адабияттар"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Колдонулган адабияттар</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Колдонулган_адабияттар-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Мазмуну" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Мазмун" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Мазмунду жашыруу/көрсөтүү" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Мазмунду жашыруу/көрсөтүү</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Рубин</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Башка тилдеги макалага өтүү. 99 тилде жеткиликтүү" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-99" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">99 тил</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rub%C3%AD" title="Rubí – арагончо" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Rubí" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="арагончо" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%88%D8%AA" title="ياقوت – арабча" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ياقوت" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="арабча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%88%D8%AA" title="ياقوت – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ياقوت" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rub%C3%ADn" title="Rubín – астурийче" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Rubín" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="астурийче" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaqut" title="Yaqut – азербайжанча" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Yaqut" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="азербайжанча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%8C_%D8%A2%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%DA%A9%D8%A7" title="روبی، آلاسکا – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="روبی، آلاسکا" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%BD" title="Рубін – беларусча" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Рубін" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="беларусча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%BD" title="Рубін – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Рубін" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Рубин – болгарча" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Рубин" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="болгарча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirah_delima" title="Mirah delima – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Mirah delima" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubiz" title="Rubiz – бретончо" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Rubiz" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="бретончо" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rob%C3%AD" title="Robí – каталончо" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Robí" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="каталончо" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%88%D9%88%D8%AA" title="یاقووت – борбордук курдча" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="یاقووت" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="борбордук курдча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rub%C3%ADn" title="Rubín – чехче" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Rubín" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="чехче" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubin" title="Rubin – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Rubin" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Рубин – чувашча" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Рубин" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="чувашча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhuddem" title="Rhuddem – уелшче" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Rhuddem" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="уелшче" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubin" title="Rubin – датча" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Rubin" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="датча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubin" title="Rubin – немисче" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Rubin" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="немисче" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A1%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B9" title="Ρουμπίνι – грекче" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ρουμπίνι" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="грекче" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruby" title="Ruby – англисче" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Ruby" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="англисче" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubeno" title="Rubeno – эсперанто" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Rubeno" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="эсперанто" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rub%C3%AD" title="Rubí – испанча" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Rubí" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="испанча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubiin" title="Rubiin – эстончо" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Rubiin" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="эстончо" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Errubi" title="Errubi – баскча" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Errubi" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="баскча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%88%D8%AA" title="یاقوت – фарсча" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="یاقوت" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="фарсча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubiini" title="Rubiini – финче" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Rubiini" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="финче" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubis" title="Rubis – французча" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Rubis" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="французча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%BAib%C3%ADn" title="Rúibín – ирландча" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Rúibín" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="ирландча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rub%C3%AD" title="Rubí – галисияча" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Rubí" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="галисияча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95" title="माणिक – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="माणिक" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%B9ng-p%C3%B3-sa%CC%8Dk" title="Fùng-pó-sa̍k – Хакка кытайча" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Fùng-pó-sa̍k" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Хакка кытайча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%93%D7%9D" title="אודם – ивритче" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אודם" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ивритче" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A6" title="कुरुविंद – хиндиче" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कुरुविंद" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="хиндиче" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubin" title="Rubin – хорватча" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Rubin" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="хорватча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%AF" title="Սուտակ – армянча" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Սուտակ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="армянча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubino" title="Rubino – интерлингва" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Rubino" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="интерлингва" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirah_delima" title="Mirah delima – индонезияча" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Mirah delima" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="индонезияча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubino" title="Rubino – идочо" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Rubino" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="идочо" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%BAb%C3%ADnn" title="Rúbínn – исландча" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Rúbínn" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="исландча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubino" title="Rubino – италиянча" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Rubino" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="италиянча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AB%E3%83%93%E3%83%BC" title="ルビー – жапончо" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ルビー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="жапончо" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="ლალი – грузинче" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ლალი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="грузинче" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubii" title="Rubii – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Rubii" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaqut" title="Yaqut – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Yaqut" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Рубин – казакча" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Рубин" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="казакча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%91%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%82" title="បទុមរាគ – кмерче" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="បទុមរាគ" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="кмерче" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A3%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF_(%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%82%E0%B2%AC%E0%B2%BF)" title="ಮಾಣಿಕ್ಯ (ರೂಬಿ) – каннадача" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಮಾಣಿಕ್ಯ (ರೂಬಿ)" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="каннадача" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A3%A8%EB%B9%84" title="루비 – корейче" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="루비" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="корейче" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagend" title="Pagend – курдча" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Pagend" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="курдча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbunculus" title="Carbunculus – латынча" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Carbunculus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="латынча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubin" title="Rubin – люксембургча" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Rubin" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="люксембургча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubinas" title="Rubinas – литовчо" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Rubinas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="литовчо" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rub%C4%ABns" title="Rubīns – латышча" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Rubīns" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="латышча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatomena" title="Vatomena – малагасча" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Vatomena" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="малагасча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Рубин – македончо" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Рубин" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="македончо" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82_(%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%82)" title="മാണിക്യം (നവരത്നം) – малайаламча" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മാണിക്യം (നവരത്നം)" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="малайаламча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95" title="माणिक – маратиче" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="माणिक" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="маратиче" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batu_delima" title="Batu delima – малайча" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Batu delima" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="малайча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%95%E1%80%90%E1%80%B9%E1%80%90%E1%80%99%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8" title="ပတ္တမြား – бурмача" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ပတ္တမြား" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="бурмача" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95" title="माणिक – непалча" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="माणिक" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="непалча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D_(%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D_%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AF%E0%A5%AF%E0%A5%AC%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE)" title="माणिक्कम् (सन् १९९६या संकिपा) – невариче" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="माणिक्कम् (सन् १९९६या संकिपा)" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="невариче" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robijn_(korund)" title="Robijn (korund) – голландча" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Robijn (korund)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="голландча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubin" title="Rubin – норвежче (нинорск)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Rubin" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="норвежче (нинорск)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubin" title="Rubin – норвежче (букмал)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Rubin" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="норвежче (букмал)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Durri_diimaa" title="Durri diimaa – оромочо" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Durri diimaa" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="оромочо" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Лал – осетинче" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Лал" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="осетинче" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%80" title="ਰੂਬੀ – пунжабиче" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਰੂਬੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="пунжабиче" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubin" title="Rubin – полякча" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Rubin" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="полякча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%88%D8%AA" title="یاقوت – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="یاقوت" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%88%D8%AA" title="ياقوت – пуштуча" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ياقوت" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="пуштуча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubi" title="Rubi – португалча" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Rubi" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="португалча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puka_umi%C3%B1a" title="Puka umiña – кечуача" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Puka umiña" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="кечуача" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubin" title="Rubin – румынча" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Rubin" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="румынча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Рубин – орусча" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Рубин" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="орусча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="माणिक्यम् – санскритче" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="माणिक्यम्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="санскритче" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruby" title="Ruby – шотландча" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Ruby" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="шотландча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubin" title="Rubin – серб-хорват" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Rubin" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="серб-хорват" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%90%E0%B6%A7" title="රතුකැට – сингалача" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="රතුකැට" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="сингалача" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruby" title="Ruby – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Ruby" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rub%C3%ADn" title="Rubín – словакча" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Rubín" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="словакча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubin" title="Rubin – словенче" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Rubin" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="словенче" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Рубин – сербче" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Рубин" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="сербче" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubin" title="Rubin – шведче" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Rubin" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="шведче" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A3%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="மாணிக்கம் – тамилче" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மாணிக்கம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="тамилче" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%81%D2%9B%D1%83%D1%82" title="Ёқут – тажикче" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ёқут" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="тажикче" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A1_(%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%B5)" title="ทับทิม (อัญมณี) – тайча" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ทับทิม (อัญมณี)" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="тайча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubi" title="Rubi – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Rubi" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yakut" title="Yakut – түркчө" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Yakut" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="түркчө" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%89%D8%B2%D9%89%D9%84_%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%82%DB%87%D8%AA" title="قىزىل ياقۇت – уйгурча" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="قىزىل ياقۇت" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="уйгурча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%BD" title="Рубін – украинче" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Рубін" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="украинче" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%88%D8%AA" title="یاقوت – урдуча" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="یاقوت" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="урдуча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yoqut" title="Yoqut – өзбекче" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Yoqut" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="өзбекче" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%E1%BB%93ng_ng%E1%BB%8Dc" title="Hồng ngọc – вьетнамча" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Hồng ngọc" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="вьетнамча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BA%A2%E5%AE%9D%E7%9F%B3" title="红宝石 – "У" диалектинде (Кытай)" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="红宝石" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name=""У" диалектинде (Кытай)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%91%D7%99%D7%9F" title="רובין – идишче" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="רובין" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="идишче" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BA%A2%E5%AE%9D%E7%9F%B3" title="红宝石 – кытайча" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="红宝石" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="кытайча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%82ng-p%C3%B3-chio%CC%8Dh" title="Âng-pó-chio̍h – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Âng-pó-chio̍h" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B4%85%E5%AF%B6%E7%9F%B3" title="紅寶石 – кантончо" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="紅寶石" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="кантончо" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q43088#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Башка тилдерге шилтемени түзөтүү" class="wbc-editpage">Шилтемелерди түзөтүү</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Аталыш мейкиндиктери"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> 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class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BD&action=history"><span>Тарыхын кароо</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Жалпы </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BD:WhatLinksHere/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Ушул жерге шилтемеленген бардык уики барактардын тизмеси [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Жетелеме шилтемелер</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BD:RecentChangesLinked/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BD" rel="nofollow" title="Бул барактан шилтеме берилген барактардагы соңку өзгөрүүлөр [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Байланыштуу өзгөрүүлөр</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a 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href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BD:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fky.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25D0%25A0%25D1%2583%25D0%25B1%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BD"><span>URL'ди кыскартуу</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BD:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fky.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25D0%25A0%25D1%2583%25D0%25B1%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BD"><span>QR-кодду жүктөп алуу</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Басып чыгаруу/экспорттоо </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BD:Book&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BD"><span>Китеп түзүү</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BD:DownloadAsPdf&page=%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BD&action=show-download-screen"><span>PDF форматында жүктөп алуу</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BD&printable=yes" title="Бул барактын басма түрү [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Басып чыгаруу</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Башка долбоорлордо </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ruby" hreflang="en"><span>Викиказына</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q43088" title="Link to connected data repository item [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Викимаалымат элементи</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Барактар үчүн куралдар"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Көрүнүш"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Көрүнүш</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">каптал тилкесине жылдыруу</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">жашыруу</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Википедия долбоорунан</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ky" dir="ltr"><p><b>Рубин, канташ</b> (латынча rubeus – кызыл) корунд минералынын бир түрү. Курамында Сг<sup>3+</sup> ионунун кошунду түрүндө кездешүүсү менен айырмаланат. Өңү кызгылтым, кара кочкул кызыл. Рубин 1-класстагы асыл таш. Рубиндин кендери Россияда Бирмада, Индияда, Тайландда, Шри-Ланкада бар. Синтездик Рубин зергерчиликте жана саат өнөр-жайларында, квант электроникасында (лазерде) кеңири колдонулат. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Колдонулган_адабияттар"><span id=".D0.9A.D0.BE.D0.BB.D0.B4.D0.BE.D0.BD.D1.83.D0.BB.D0.B3.D0.B0.D0.BD_.D0.B0.D0.B4.D0.B0.D0.B1.D0.B8.D1.8F.D1.82.D1.82.D0.B0.D1.80"></span>Колдонулган адабияттар</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BD&veaction=edit&section=1" title="«Колдонулган адабияттар‎» бөлүмүн түзөтүү" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>түзөтүү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BD&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Колдонулган адабияттар"><span>булагын түзөтүү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E2%80%9C%D0%9A%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%8B%D0%B7%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%E2%80%9D_%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%82%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BA_%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%81%D1%8B" title="“Кыргызстан” улуттук энциклопедиясы">“Кыргызстан” улуттук энциклопедиясы</a>: 6-том. Башкы редактору Асанов Ү. А. К 97. Б.: Мамлекеттик тил жана энциклопедия борбору, 2014. 816 бет, илл. 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