CINXE.COM

Rubi - Wikipedia, ang malayang ensiklopedya

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="tl" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Rubi - Wikipedia, ang malayang ensiklopedya</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )tlwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","Enero","Pebrero","Marso","Abril","Mayo","Hunyo","Hulyo","Agosto","Setyembre","Oktubre","Nobyembre","Disyembre"],"wgRequestId":"51d6b95c-118c-45cc-b32b-153f3d8c1d82","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Rubi","wgTitle":"Rubi","wgCurRevisionId":2091243,"wgRevisionId":2091243,"wgArticleId":299147,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Webarchive template wayback links","Commons category link from Wikidata","Mga artikulo na may wikang Ingles na pinagmulan (en)","Hiyas"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"tl","wgPageContentLanguage":"tl","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Rubi","wgRelevantArticleId":299147,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true, "wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"tl","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"tl"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":2000,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q43088","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading", "ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=tl&amp;modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&amp;only=styles&amp;skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=tl&amp;modules=startup&amp;only=scripts&amp;raw=1&amp;skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=tl&amp;modules=site.styles&amp;only=styles&amp;skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.16"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/49/Corundum-winza-17d.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1104"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/49/Corundum-winza-17d.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="736"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Corundum-winza-17d.jpg/640px-Corundum-winza-17d.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="589"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Rubi - Wikipedia, ang malayang ensiklopedya"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//tl.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubi"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Baguhin" href="/w/index.php?title=Rubi&amp;action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (tl)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//tl.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubi"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.tl"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Atom feed ng Wikipedia" href="/w/index.php?title=Natatangi:Mga_huling_binago&amp;feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Rubi rootpage-Rubi skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Pumunta sa nilalaman</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Sayt"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Pangunahing pagpipilian" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Pangunahing pagpipilian" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Pangunahing pagpipilian</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Pangunahing pagpipilian</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">ilipat sa gilid</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">itago</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Maglibot </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Unang_Pahina" title="Puntahan ang unang pahina [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Unang pahina</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tingnan_ang_buod" title="Mga gabay sa pagbabasa ng laktaw-laktaw sa Wikipedia"><span>Mga nilalaman</span></a></li><li id="n-Napiling-nilalaman" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Mga_napiling_artikulo"><span>Napiling nilalaman</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Alin_man" title="Magpalabas ng kahit-anong artikulo [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Alinmang artikulo</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Patungkol"><span>Patungkol sa Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kasalukuyang_pangyayari" title="Hanapin ang mga impormasyon tungkol sa mga kamakailang kaganapan"><span>Mga kaganapan</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Natatanging_mga_pahina"><span>Natatanging pahina</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Pakikihalubilo" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Pakikihalubilo" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pakikihalubilo </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Puntahan_ng_pamayanan" title="Tungkol sa proyekto, ano ang maari mong gawin, at kung saan maari maghanap ng mga bagay"><span>Pamayanan</span></a></li><li id="n-Kapihan" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kapihan"><span>Kapihan</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_huling_binago" title="Tala ng mga huling pagbabago sa wiki. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Mga huling binago</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Makipag-ugnayan_sa_amin" title="Paano makokontak ang Wikipedia"><span>Makipag-ugnayan</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tulong" title="Ang lugar para maghanap ng tulong sa Wikipedia."><span>Tulong</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Unang_Pahina" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Ang Malayang Ensiklopedya" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-tl.svg" width="119" height="13" style="width: 7.4375em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Maghanap" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Maghanap sa Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Hanapin</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Maghanap sa Wikipedia" aria-label="Maghanap sa Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Maghanap sa Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Natatangi:Maghanap"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Hanapin</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Mga pansariling kagamitan"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Itsura"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page&#039;s font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Itsura" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Itsura</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&amp;wmf_medium=sidebar&amp;wmf_campaign=tl.wikipedia.org&amp;uselang=tl" class=""><span>Donasyon</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Natatangi:Likhain_ang_kuwenta&amp;returnto=Rubi" title="Mas maganda kung gagawa ka ng account at magla-login; gayunpaman, hindi ka pinipilit gawin ito" class=""><span>Gumawa ng account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Natatangi:Paglagda_ng_tagagamit&amp;returnto=Rubi" title="Mas maganda kung magla-login ka; gayunpaman, hindi ka pinipilit gawin ito [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Mag-login</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Marami pang pagpipilian" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mga pansariling kagamitan" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mga pansariling kagamitan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&amp;wmf_medium=sidebar&amp;wmf_campaign=tl.wikipedia.org&amp;uselang=tl"><span>Donasyon</span></a></li><li id="pt-contribute" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Contribute"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span>Mag-ambag</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Natatangi:Likhain_ang_kuwenta&amp;returnto=Rubi" title="Mas maganda kung gagawa ka ng account at magla-login; gayunpaman, hindi ka pinipilit gawin ito"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Gumawa ng account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Natatangi:Paglagda_ng_tagagamit&amp;returnto=Rubi" title="Mas maganda kung magla-login ka; gayunpaman, hindi ka pinipilit gawin ito [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Mag-login</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Mga pahina para sa naka-logout na mga patnugot o editor <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Maligayang_pagdating!" aria-label="Alamin pa ang tungkol sa pagpapatnugot"><span>alamin pa</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Usapan_ko" title="Usapang tungkol sa mga pagbabagong ginawa sa ip address na ito [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Usapan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Sayt"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Mga nilalaman" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Mga nilalaman</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">ilipat sa gilid</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">itago</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Simula</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Mga_sanggunian" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mga_sanggunian"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Mga sanggunian</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mga_sanggunian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mga_kawing_panlabas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mga_kawing_panlabas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Mga kawing panlabas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mga_kawing_panlabas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Mga nilalaman" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Talaan ng mga Nilalaman" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Itago/Ipakita ang talaan ng mga nilalaman" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Itago/Ipakita ang talaan ng mga nilalaman</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Rubi</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pumunta sa isang artikulo na nakasulat sa ibang wika. Mayroon ito sa 99 (na) wika" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-99" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">99 (na) wika</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rub%C3%AD" title="Rubí – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Rubí" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%88%D8%AA" title="ياقوت – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ياقوت" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%88%D8%AA" title="ياقوت – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ياقوت" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rub%C3%ADn" title="Rubín – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Rubín" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaqut" title="Yaqut – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Yaqut" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%8C_%D8%A2%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%DA%A9%D8%A7" title="روبی، آلاسکا – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="روبی، آلاسکا" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%BD" title="Рубін – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Рубін" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%BD" title="Рубін – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Рубін" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Рубин – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Рубин" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirah_delima" title="Mirah delima – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Mirah delima" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubiz" title="Rubiz – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Rubiz" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rob%C3%AD" title="Robí – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Robí" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%88%D9%88%D8%AA" title="یاقووت – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="یاقووت" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rub%C3%ADn" title="Rubín – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Rubín" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubin" title="Rubin – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Rubin" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Рубин – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Рубин" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhuddem" title="Rhuddem – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Rhuddem" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubin" title="Rubin – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Rubin" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubin" title="Rubin – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Rubin" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A1%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B9" title="Ρουμπίνι – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ρουμπίνι" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruby" title="Ruby – English" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Ruby" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubeno" title="Rubeno – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Rubeno" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rub%C3%AD" title="Rubí – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Rubí" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubiin" title="Rubiin – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Rubiin" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Errubi" title="Errubi – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Errubi" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%88%D8%AA" title="یاقوت – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="یاقوت" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubiini" title="Rubiini – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Rubiini" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubis" title="Rubis – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Rubis" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%BAib%C3%ADn" title="Rúibín – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Rúibín" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rub%C3%AD" title="Rubí – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Rubí" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95" title="माणिक – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="माणिक" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%B9ng-p%C3%B3-sa%CC%8Dk" title="Fùng-pó-sa̍k – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Fùng-pó-sa̍k" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%93%D7%9D" title="אודם – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אודם" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A6" title="कुरुविंद – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कुरुविंद" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubin" title="Rubin – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Rubin" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%AF" title="Սուտակ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Սուտակ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubino" title="Rubino – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Rubino" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirah_delima" title="Mirah delima – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Mirah delima" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubino" title="Rubino – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Rubino" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%BAb%C3%ADnn" title="Rúbínn – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Rúbínn" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubino" title="Rubino – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Rubino" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AB%E3%83%93%E3%83%BC" title="ルビー – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ルビー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="ლალი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ლალი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubii" title="Rubii – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Rubii" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaqut" title="Yaqut – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Yaqut" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Рубин – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Рубин" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%91%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%82" title="បទុមរាគ – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="បទុមរាគ" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A3%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF_(%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%82%E0%B2%AC%E0%B2%BF)" title="ಮಾಣಿಕ್ಯ (ರೂಬಿ) – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಮಾಣಿಕ್ಯ (ರೂಬಿ)" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A3%A8%EB%B9%84" title="루비 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="루비" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagend" title="Pagend – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Pagend" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Рубин – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Рубин" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbunculus" title="Carbunculus – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Carbunculus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubin" title="Rubin – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Rubin" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubinas" title="Rubinas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Rubinas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rub%C4%ABns" title="Rubīns – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Rubīns" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatomena" title="Vatomena – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Vatomena" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Рубин – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Рубин" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82_(%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%82)" title="മാണിക്യം (നവരത്നം) – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മാണിക്യം (നവരത്നം)" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95" title="माणिक – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="माणिक" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batu_delima" title="Batu delima – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Batu delima" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%95%E1%80%90%E1%80%B9%E1%80%90%E1%80%99%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8" title="ပတ္တမြား – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ပတ္တမြား" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95" title="माणिक – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="माणिक" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D_(%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D_%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AF%E0%A5%AF%E0%A5%AC%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE)" title="माणिक्कम् (सन् १९९६या संकिपा) – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="माणिक्कम् (सन् १९९६या संकिपा)" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robijn_(korund)" title="Robijn (korund) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Robijn (korund)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubin" title="Rubin – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Rubin" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubin" title="Rubin – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Rubin" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Durri_diimaa" title="Durri diimaa – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Durri diimaa" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Лал – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Лал" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%80" title="ਰੂਬੀ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਰੂਬੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubin" title="Rubin – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Rubin" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%88%D8%AA" title="یاقوت – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="یاقوت" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%88%D8%AA" title="ياقوت – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ياقوت" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubi" title="Rubi – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Rubi" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puka_umi%C3%B1a" title="Puka umiña – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Puka umiña" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubin" title="Rubin – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Rubin" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Рубин – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Рубин" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="माणिक्यम् – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="माणिक्यम्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruby" title="Ruby – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Ruby" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubin" title="Rubin – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Rubin" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%90%E0%B6%A7" title="රතුකැට – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="රතුකැට" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruby" title="Ruby – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Ruby" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rub%C3%ADn" title="Rubín – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Rubín" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubin" title="Rubin – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Rubin" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Рубин – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Рубин" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubin" title="Rubin – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Rubin" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A3%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="மாணிக்கம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மாணிக்கம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%81%D2%9B%D1%83%D1%82" title="Ёқут – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ёқут" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A1_(%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%B5)" title="ทับทิม (อัญมณี) – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ทับทิม (อัญมณี)" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yakut" title="Yakut – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Yakut" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%89%D8%B2%D9%89%D9%84_%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%82%DB%87%D8%AA" title="قىزىل ياقۇت – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="قىزىل ياقۇت" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%BD" title="Рубін – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Рубін" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%88%D8%AA" title="یاقوت – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="یاقوت" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yoqut" title="Yoqut – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Yoqut" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%E1%BB%93ng_ng%E1%BB%8Dc" title="Hồng ngọc – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Hồng ngọc" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BA%A2%E5%AE%9D%E7%9F%B3" title="红宝石 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="红宝石" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%91%D7%99%D7%9F" title="רובין – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="רובין" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BA%A2%E5%AE%9D%E7%9F%B3" title="红宝石 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="红宝石" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%82ng-p%C3%B3-chio%CC%8Dh" title="Âng-pó-chio̍h – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Âng-pó-chio̍h" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B4%85%E5%AF%B6%E7%9F%B3" title="紅寶石 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="紅寶石" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q43088#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Baguhin ang link sa ibang wika" class="wbc-editpage">baguhin ang mga link</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespace"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Rubi" title="Tingnan ang nilalaman [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikulo</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Usapan:Rubi" rel="discussion" title="Usapan tungkol sa nilalaman nito [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Usapan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ibahin ang baryante o variant ng wika" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tagalog</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Mga tingin"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Rubi"><span>Basahin</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubi&amp;veaction=edit" title="Baguhin ito [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Baguhin</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubi&amp;action=edit" title="Baguhin ang kodigong batayan ng pahinang ito [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Baguhin ang wikitext</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubi&amp;action=history" title="Nakaraang pagbabago sa pahinang ito [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Tingnan ang kasaysayan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mga kagamitan" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mga kagamitan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Mga kagamitan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">ilipat sa gilid</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">itago</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Mga aksyon </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Rubi"><span>Basahin</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubi&amp;veaction=edit" title="Baguhin ito [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Baguhin</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubi&amp;action=edit" title="Baguhin ang kodigong batayan ng pahinang ito [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Baguhin ang wikitext</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubi&amp;action=history"><span>Tingnan ang kasaysayan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pangkalahatan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Ano_ang_nakakawing_dito/Rubi" title="Talaan ng mga pahinang wiking nakaturo rito. [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Mga nakaturo rito</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Nakakawing_ng_kamakailang_pagbabago/Rubi" rel="nofollow" title="Mga huling binago sa mga kaugnay na pahina mula sa pahinang ito [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Kaugnay na pagbabago</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=tl" title="Magkarga ng mga larawan o iba pang midya [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Mag-upload ng file</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubi&amp;oldid=2091243" title="Ibigay ang palagiang kawing para sa kasalukuyang bersyon ng pahinang ito"><span>Permanenteng link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubi&amp;action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Impormasyon ng pahina</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Natatangi:Sipiin&amp;page=Rubi&amp;id=2091243&amp;wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Impormasyon sa pagsangguni sa pahinang ito"><span>Sumangguni</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Natatangi:UrlShortener&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FRubi"><span>Kumuha ng pinaikling URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Natatangi:QrCode&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FRubi"><span>I-download ang QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> I-print/I-export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Natatangi:Aklat&amp;bookcmd=book_creator&amp;referer=Rubi"><span>Lumikha ng isang aklat</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Natatangi:DownloadAsPdf&amp;page=Rubi&amp;action=show-download-screen"><span>I-download bilang PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubi&amp;printable=yes" title="Ipakita ang bersyon ng pahinang itong madaling maililimbag [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Bersyong mapi-print</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Sa iba pang proyekto </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ruby" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q43088" title="Link sa nakakonektang item sa repositoryo ng datos [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Item na Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Itsura"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Itsura</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">ilipat sa gilid</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">itago</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Mula sa Wikipedia, ang malayang ensiklopedya</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="tl" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Corundum-winza-17d.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Corundum-winza-17d.jpg/220px-Corundum-winza-17d.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="202" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Corundum-winza-17d.jpg/330px-Corundum-winza-17d.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Corundum-winza-17d.jpg/440px-Corundum-winza-17d.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="736" /></a><figcaption>Likas na mga bubog ng rubi mula sa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Winza&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Winza (hindi pa naisusulat)">Winza</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Ang <b>rubi</b> ay isang <a href="/wiki/Batong-hiyas" title="Batong-hiyas">batong-hiyas</a> na kulay rosas hanggang dugong-pula, isang uri ng <a href="/wiki/Mineral" title="Mineral">mineral</a> na <a href="/w/index.php?title=Korindon&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Korindon (hindi pa naisusulat)">korindon</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Aluminium_oxide&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Aluminium oxide (hindi pa naisusulat)">aluminium oxide</a>). Ang ibang mga uri ng korindong hiyas ang kalidad ay tinawag na mga <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sapiro&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Sapiro (hindi pa naisusulat)">sapiro</a>. Isa ang rubi sa nakagisnang mga <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hiyas_na_pangunahin&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Hiyas na pangunahin (hindi pa naisusulat)">hiyas na pangunahin</a>, kasama ang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Amatista&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Amatista (hindi pa naisusulat)">amatista</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sapiro&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Sapiro (hindi pa naisusulat)">sapiro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Esmeralda" title="Esmeralda">esmeralda</a>, at <a href="/wiki/Diyamante" title="Diyamante">diyamante</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Nagmula ang salitang <i>rubi</i> sa <i>ruber</i>, salitang <a href="/wiki/Wikang_Latin" title="Wikang Latin">Latin</a> na nagngangahulugang pula. Ang kulay ng isang rubi ay dahil sa elementong <a href="/wiki/Kromyo" class="mw-redirect" title="Kromyo">kromyo</a>. </p><p>Ang ilang mga batong-hiyas na popular o dating tinawag na mga rubi, tulad ng <a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_Prince%27s_Ruby&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Black Prince&#39;s Ruby (hindi pa naisusulat)">Black Prince's Ruby</a> sa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Imperial_State_Crown&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Imperial State Crown (hindi pa naisusulat)">Imperial State Crown</a> sa <a href="/wiki/Nagkakaisang_Kaharian" class="mw-redirect" title="Nagkakaisang Kaharian">Nagkakaisang Kaharian</a>, ay mga <a href="/w/index.php?title=Espinela&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Espinela (hindi pa naisusulat)">espinela</a> sa totohanan. Ang mga ito ay dating nakilala bilang "<i>Balas rubies</i>." </p><p>Nalalaman ang kalidad ng isang rubi sa pamamagitan ng kulay, hiwa, at linaw nito, na kasama ang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kilatis&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kilatis (hindi pa naisusulat)">kilatis</a> (<i>carat</i>) ay nakakaapekto sa halaga nito. Taglay ng pinakamatingkad at pinakamahalagang uri ng pula, ang dugong-pula o dugo ng kalapati, ang mataas na premyo o rekargo sa lahat ng ibang mga rubi na may kahalintulad na kalidad. Kasunod ng kulay ang linaw: katulad sa mga diyamante, taglay ng malinaw na bato ang rekargo, ngunit maaring maghiwatig na may halo ang bato kapag walang <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inclusion_(mineral)" class="extiw" title="en:Inclusion (mineral)">mga pagsasali</a> ng malatinik na <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rutilyo&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Rutilyo (hindi pa naisusulat)">rutilyo</a> ang rubi. Ang rubi ay nakagisnang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Batong_pangkapanganakan&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Batong pangkapanganakan (hindi pa naisusulat)">batong pangkapanganakan</a> sa Hulyo at kadalasang mas-<a href="/wiki/Rosas" title="Rosas">rosas</a> ito kaysa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Granate&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Granate (hindi pa naisusulat)">granate</a>, bagamat ang ilang mga granateng <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rodolita&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Rodolita (hindi pa naisusulat)">rodolita</a> ay may katulad na tingkad ng rosas sa karamihang mga rubi. Ang pinakamahalagang rubi sa mundo na naibenta sa subasta ay ang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sunrise_Ruby&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Sunrise Ruby (hindi pa naisusulat)">Sunrise Ruby</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Corundum.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Corundum.png/220px-Corundum.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Corundum.png/330px-Corundum.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Corundum.png/440px-Corundum.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="688" /></a><figcaption>Estruktura ng bubog ng mga rubi</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mga_sanggunian">Mga sanggunian</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubi&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Mga sanggunian" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubi&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Mga sanggunian"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2121818">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=crc7ZtRHItgC&amp;pg=PA1"><i>Precious Stones</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171218182752/https://books.google.com/books?id=crc7ZtRHItgC&amp;pg=PA1">Naka-arkibo</a> December 18, 2017, sa <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>., Max Bauer, p. 2</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mga_kawing_panlabas">Mga kawing panlabas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubi&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Mga kawing panlabas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubi&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Mga kawing panlabas"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1961329">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">May kaugnay na midya tungkol sa <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ruby" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Ruby">Ruby</a></span> ang Wikimedia Commons.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gemstone.org/gem-by-gem/english/ruby.html">International Colored Stone Association's ruby overview page</a> <span class="languageicon">(sa Ingles)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://webmineral.com/data/Corundum.shtml">Webmineral crystallographic and mineral info</a> <span class="languageicon">(sa Ingles)</span></li></ul> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐85fdcf9895‐lv4q6 Cached time: 20250201023836 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.193 seconds Real time usage: 0.546 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 280/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 3770/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 332/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 14/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 2398/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.125/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 9875390/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 244.502 1 -total 53.16% 129.968 2 Padron:In_lang 30.48% 74.533 1 Padron:Commons_category 29.28% 71.583 1 Padron:Sister_project 28.37% 69.357 1 Padron:Side_box 20.51% 50.143 2 Padron:If_then_show 16.21% 39.638 1 Padron:Reflist 7.59% 18.556 1 Padron:Webarchive 1.01% 2.460 1 Padron:Main_other --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key tlwiki:pcache:299147:|#|:idhash:canonical and timestamp 20250201023836 and revision id 2091243. Rendering was triggered because: page-view --> </div><!--esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> --><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&amp;type=1x1&amp;usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Kinuha sa "<a dir="ltr" href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rubi&amp;oldid=2091243">https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rubi&amp;oldid=2091243</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_kategorya" title="Natatangi:Mga kategorya">Kategorya</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorya:Hiyas" title="Kategorya:Hiyas">Hiyas</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Nakatagong kategorya: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorya:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Kategorya:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorya:Commons_category_link_from_Wikidata" title="Kategorya:Commons category link from Wikidata">Commons category link from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorya:Mga_artikulo_na_may_wikang_Ingles_na_pinagmulan_(en)" title="Kategorya:Mga artikulo na may wikang Ingles na pinagmulan (en)">Mga artikulo na may wikang Ingles na pinagmulan (en)</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Huling pagbabago: 01:56, 10 Pebrero 2024.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Magagamit ang teksto sa ilalim ng <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Lisensyang Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike</a>; maaaring mailapat ang karagdagang termino. Tingnan ang <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">Takdang Gamit</a> para sa mga detalye.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Patakaran sa Pagkapribado</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Patungkol">Patungkol sa Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pangkalahatang_pagtatanggi">Pagtatanggi</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Kodigo ng Paggawi</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Mga Developer</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/tl.wikipedia.org">Estadistika</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Tungkol sa Cookie</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//tl.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rubi&amp;mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Itsura sa mobile</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" width="88" height="31"><img src="/w/resources/assets/mediawiki_compact.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="25" height="25" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Hanapin</span> </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Maghanap sa Wikipedia"> <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Natatangi:Maghanap"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Hanapin</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="Mga nilalaman" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Itago/Ipakita ang talaan ng mga nilalaman" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Itago/Ipakita ang talaan ng mga nilalaman</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="mw-page-title-main">Rubi</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>99 (na) wika</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Magdagdag ng paksa</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-b766959bd-m8lxw","wgBackendResponseTime":118,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.193","walltime":"0.546","ppvisitednodes":{"value":280,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":3770,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":332,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":14,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":0,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":2398,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 244.502 1 -total"," 53.16% 129.968 2 Padron:In_lang"," 30.48% 74.533 1 Padron:Commons_category"," 29.28% 71.583 1 Padron:Sister_project"," 28.37% 69.357 1 Padron:Side_box"," 20.51% 50.143 2 Padron:If_then_show"," 16.21% 39.638 1 Padron:Reflist"," 7.59% 18.556 1 Padron:Webarchive"," 1.01% 2.460 1 Padron:Main_other"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.125","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":9875390,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-85fdcf9895-lv4q6","timestamp":"20250201023836","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Rubi","url":"https:\/\/tl.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rubi","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q43088","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q43088","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2020-07-22T02:31:31Z","dateModified":"2024-02-10T01:56:45Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/4\/49\/Corundum-winza-17d.jpg"}</script> </body> </html>

Pages: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10