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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Nicholas Trist</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Portrait_of_Nicholas_Philip_Trist,_1835.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Portrait_of_Nicholas_Philip_Trist%2C_1835.jpg/220px-Portrait_of_Nicholas_Philip_Trist%2C_1835.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="284" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Portrait_of_Nicholas_Philip_Trist%2C_1835.jpg/330px-Portrait_of_Nicholas_Philip_Trist%2C_1835.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Portrait_of_Nicholas_Philip_Trist%2C_1835.jpg/440px-Portrait_of_Nicholas_Philip_Trist%2C_1835.jpg 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="800" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Portrait by <a href="/wiki/John_Neagle" title="John Neagle">John Neagle</a>, in 1835</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">16th <a href="/wiki/Chief_Clerk_of_the_Department_of_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief Clerk of the Department of State">Chief Clerk of the Department of State</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />August 28, 1845 – April 14, 1847</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/James_K._Polk" title="James K. Polk">James K. Polk</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/William_S._Derrick" title="William S. Derrick">William S. Derrick</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">William S. Derrick</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Nicholas Trist</div><br />June 2, 1800<br /><a href="/wiki/Charlottesville,_Virginia" title="Charlottesville, Virginia">Charlottesville, Virginia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">February 11, 1874 (aged 73)<br /><a href="/wiki/Alexandria,_Virginia" title="Alexandria, Virginia">Alexandria, Virginia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Resting place</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Ivy_Hill_Cemetery_(Alexandria,_Virginia)" title="Ivy Hill Cemetery (Alexandria, Virginia)">Ivy Hill Cemetery (Alexandria, Virginia)</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Military_Academy" title="United States Military Academy">United States Military Academy</a> (did not graduate)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data">Negotiations for the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Guadalupe_Hidalgo" title="Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo">Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signature</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Signature_of_Nicholas_Philip_Trist.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Nicholas Trist's signature"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Signature_of_Nicholas_Philip_Trist.png/128px-Signature_of_Nicholas_Philip_Trist.png" decoding="async" width="128" height="49" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Signature_of_Nicholas_Philip_Trist.png/192px-Signature_of_Nicholas_Philip_Trist.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Signature_of_Nicholas_Philip_Trist.png/256px-Signature_of_Nicholas_Philip_Trist.png 2x" data-file-width="534" data-file-height="205" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Treaty_of_Guadalupe_Hidalgo,_last_page.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Treaty_of_Guadalupe_Hidalgo%2C_last_page.jpg/220px-Treaty_of_Guadalupe_Hidalgo%2C_last_page.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="350" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Treaty_of_Guadalupe_Hidalgo%2C_last_page.jpg/330px-Treaty_of_Guadalupe_Hidalgo%2C_last_page.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Treaty_of_Guadalupe_Hidalgo%2C_last_page.jpg/440px-Treaty_of_Guadalupe_Hidalgo%2C_last_page.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1629" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Guadalupe_Hidalgo" title="Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo">Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo</a> signed by Trist</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Nicholas Philip Trist</b> (June 2, 1800 – February 11, 1874) was an American lawyer, diplomat, planter, and businessman. Even though he had been dismissed by President <a href="/wiki/James_K._Polk" title="James K. Polk">James K. Polk</a> as the negotiator with the Mexican government, he negotiated the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Guadalupe_Hidalgo" title="Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo">Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo</a> in 1848, which ended the <a href="/wiki/Mexican%E2%80%93American_War" title="Mexican–American War">Mexican–American War</a>. The U.S. conquered Mexican territory and vastly expanded the United States. All or part of ten current states were carved out of former Mexican territory. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_years">Early years</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicholas_Trist&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early years"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Trist was born in <a href="/wiki/Charlottesville,_Virginia" title="Charlottesville, Virginia">Charlottesville, Virginia</a>. He was the son of Hore Browse Trist, a lawyer, and Mary Brown. His grandfather was from England, while his grandmother, Elizabeth House Trist, was an acquaintance of <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Thomas Jefferson</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Trist attended <a href="/wiki/United_States_Military_Academy" title="United States Military Academy">West Point</a> but did not graduate and then studied law under Thomas Jefferson. Trist served as Jefferson's personal secretary in the 1820s and became an executor of his estate.<sup id="cite_ref-Thomas_Jefferson_Encyclopedia_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thomas_Jefferson_Encyclopedia-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Trist married Virginia Jefferson Randolph, Thomas Jefferson's granddaughter, on September 11, 1824. They had three children, Martha Jefferson Trist Burke (1826–1915), Thomas Jefferson Trist (1828–1890), and Hore Browse Trist (1832–1896).<sup id="cite_ref-Thomas_Jefferson_Encyclopedia_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thomas_Jefferson_Encyclopedia-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He served as a clerk in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_State" title="United States Department of State">U.S. State Department</a> in 1828–1832, including a one-year assignment in 1831 as <a href="/wiki/Secretary_to_the_President_of_the_United_States" title="Secretary to the President of the United States">private secretary</a> to <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Jackson" title="Andrew Jackson">Andrew Jackson</a>, whom he greatly admired.<sup id="cite_ref-wicked_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wicked-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 92–93">: 92–93 </span></sup> Trist provided a conduit of communication for <a href="/wiki/James_Madison" title="James Madison">James Madison</a> to President Jackson.<sup id="cite_ref-JM241_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JM241-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Consul_in_Havana">Consul in Havana</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicholas_Trist&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Consul in Havana"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Trist was appointed U.S. consul in <a href="/wiki/Havana" title="Havana">Havana</a>, Cuba, a Spanish territory at the time, by President Jackson, in which capacity he served from 1833 to 1841. Shortly after arriving there in 1833, Trist invested in a sugar plantation deal that went bad. He made no secret of his pro-slavery views. According to members of a British commission sent to Cuba to investigate violations of the treaty ending the <a href="/wiki/African_slave_trade" class="mw-redirect" title="African slave trade">African slave trade</a>, Trist became involved in the creation of false documents designed to mask illegal sales of Africans into bondage. For a time Trist also served as the consul in Cuba for Portugal, another country whose nationals were active in the illegal slave trade.<sup id="cite_ref-wicked_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wicked-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 93">: 93 </span></sup> </p><p>As consul, Trist became unpopular with <a href="/wiki/New_England" title="New England">New England</a> ship captains who believed he was more interested in maintaining good relations with Cuban officials than defending their interests. Captains and merchants pressed members of Congress for Trist's removal. In late 1838 or early 1839, the British commissioner Dr. <a href="/wiki/Richard_Robert_Madden" title="Richard Robert Madden">Richard Robert Madden</a> wrote U.S. abolitionists about Trist's misuse of his post to promote slavery and earn fees from the fraudulent document schemes. A pamphlet detailing Madden's charges was published shortly before the beginning of the sensational <i><a href="/wiki/La_Amistad" title="La Amistad">Amistad</a></i> affair, when Africans sold into slavery in Cuba managed to seize control of the schooner in which they were being transported from Havana to provincial plantations. Madden travelled to the United States, where he gave expert testimony in the trial of the <i>Amistad</i> Africans, explaining how false documents were used to make it appear the Africans were Cuban-born slaves.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Island_of_Cuba_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Island_of_Cuba-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This exposure of the activities of the U.S. Consul General, coupled with the complaints of ship captains, caused a Congressional investigation and eventual recall of Trist in 1840. Neither Trist nor Madden is depicted in the <a href="/wiki/Amistad_(film)" title="Amistad (film)">film <i>Amistad</i></a> directed by <a href="/wiki/Steven_Spielberg" title="Steven Spielberg">Steven Spielberg</a>, although there are brief Cuba scenes that suggest how the illegal slave trade was carried on there. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mexican–American_War_negotiator"><span id="Mexican.E2.80.93American_War_negotiator"></span>Mexican–American War negotiator</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicholas_Trist&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Mexican–American War negotiator"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Trist remained in Cuba until 1845, when President <a href="/wiki/James_K._Polk" title="James K. Polk">James K. Polk</a> appointed him as a chief clerk in the State Department.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1847, during the <a href="/wiki/Mexican%E2%80%93American_War" title="Mexican–American War">Mexican–American War</a>, President Polk sent Trist to negotiate with the government of Mexico. He was ordered to arrange an <a href="/wiki/Armistice" title="Armistice">armistice</a> with Mexico wherein the U. S. would offer a restitution up to $30 million U.S. dollars, depending on whether he could obtain <a href="/wiki/Baja_California" title="Baja California">Baja California</a> and additional southern territory along with the already planned acquisitions of <a href="/wiki/Alta_California" title="Alta California">Alta California</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Nueces_Strip" title="Nueces Strip">Nueces Strip</a>, and <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico">New Mexico</a>. If he could not obtain Baja California and additional territory to the south, then he was instructed to offer $20 million.<sup id="cite_ref-wicked_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wicked-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 175">: 175 </span></sup> President Polk was unhappy with his envoy's conduct which prompted him to order Trist to return to the United States. General <a href="/wiki/Winfield_Scott" title="Winfield Scott">Winfield Scott</a> was also unhappy with Trist's presence in Mexico, although he and Scott quickly reconciled and began a lifelong friendship.<sup id="cite_ref-wicked_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wicked-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 91">: 91 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-JM241_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JM241-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, the wily diplomat ignored the instructions to leave Mexico. He wrote a 65-page letter back to Washington, D.C. explaining his reasons for staying in Mexico.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He capitalized on a brilliant opportunity to continue bargaining with Santa Anna offering $15 million. Trist successfully negotiated the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Guadalupe_Hidalgo" title="Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo">Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo</a> on February 2, 1848.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Trist's negotiation was controversial among expansionist Democrats since he had ignored Polk's instructions and settled on a smaller cession of Mexican territory than many expansionists wanted and felt he could have obtained. A part of this instruction was to specifically include <a href="/wiki/Baja_California" title="Baja California">Baja California</a>. However, as part of the negotiations, Trist drew the line directly west from <a href="/wiki/Yuma,_Arizona" title="Yuma, Arizona">Yuma</a> to <a href="/wiki/San_Diego%E2%80%93Tijuana" title="San Diego–Tijuana">Tijuana/San Diego</a> instead of from Yuma south to the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_California" title="Gulf of California">Gulf of California</a>, which left all of Baja California a part of Mexico, and Polk was furious. In the end, Polk reluctantly approved the treaty since he wanted to have it signed, sealed, and delivered to Congress during his presidency. Trist later commented on the treaty: </p> <blockquote><p>"My feeling of shame as an American was far stronger than the Mexicans' could be."<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Later_years">Later years</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicholas_Trist&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Later years"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nicholas_Philip_Trist_-_Brady-Handy.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Nicholas_Philip_Trist_-_Brady-Handy.jpg/220px-Nicholas_Philip_Trist_-_Brady-Handy.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="270" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Nicholas_Philip_Trist_-_Brady-Handy.jpg/330px-Nicholas_Philip_Trist_-_Brady-Handy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Nicholas_Philip_Trist_-_Brady-Handy.jpg/440px-Nicholas_Philip_Trist_-_Brady-Handy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2720" data-file-height="3336" /></a><figcaption>Trist in his later years</figcaption></figure> <p>Upon return to Washington, Trist was immediately fired for his insubordination, and his expenses since the time of the recall order were not paid. After his dismissal, Trist moved to <a href="/wiki/West_Chester,_Pennsylvania" title="West Chester, Pennsylvania">West Chester, Pennsylvania</a>, and then to Philadelphia, where he worked as a railroad clerk and paymaster. Trist finally recovered his expenses in 1871, at the urging of Senator <a href="/wiki/Charles_Sumner" title="Charles Sumner">Charles Sumner</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Trist supported <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln">Abraham Lincoln</a> for U.S. president in 1860. While the <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Abraham_Lincoln" title="Presidency of Abraham Lincoln">Lincoln administration</a> did not offer Trist any patronage, he did serve as postmaster of <a href="/wiki/Alexandria,_Virginia" title="Alexandria, Virginia">Alexandria, Virginia</a>, during the <a href="/wiki/Grant_administration" class="mw-redirect" title="Grant administration">Grant administration</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He died in Alexandria on February 11, 1874, aged 73.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicholas_Trist&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFWilson2016" class="citation book cs1">Wilson, Scott (August 17, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/Resting-Places-Burial-Famous-Persons-ebook/dp/B01M0TN508/ref=mt_kindle?_encoding=UTF8&me="><i>Resting Places: The Burial Sites of More Than 14,000 Famous Persons</i></a>. McFarland & Company, Inc<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 25,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Resting+Places%3A+The+Burial+Sites+of+More+Than+14%2C000+Famous+Persons&rft.pub=McFarland+%26+Company%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2016-08-17&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=Scott&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.com%2FResting-Places-Burial-Famous-Persons-ebook%2Fdp%2FB01M0TN508%2Fref%3Dmt_kindle%3F_encoding%3DUTF8%26me%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANicholas+Trist" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBreslin2011" class="citation book cs1">Breslin, Thomas A. (October 5, 2011). <i>The Great Anglo-Celtic Divide in the History of American Foreign Relations</i>. Bloomsbury Publishing.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Great+Anglo-Celtic+Divide+in+the+History+of+American+Foreign+Relations&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing&rft.date=2011-10-05&rft.aulast=Breslin&rft.aufirst=Thomas+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANicholas+Trist" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.0300500">Trist, Nicholas Philip</a>, <i>American National Biography</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Thomas_Jefferson_Encyclopedia-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Thomas_Jefferson_Encyclopedia_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Thomas_Jefferson_Encyclopedia_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.monticello.org/site/research-and-collections/nicholas-philip-trist">Nicholas Philip Trist</a>, <i>Thomas Jefferson Encyclopedia</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wicked-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-wicked_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wicked_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wicked_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wicked_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Greenberg, Amy. <i>A Wicked War: Polk, Clay, Lincoln, and the 1846 U.S. Invasion of Mexico</i>. Vintage Books, 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JM241-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-JM241_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JM241_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrookhiser2011" class="citation book cs1">Brookhiser, Richard (2011). <i>James Madison</i>. New York, NY: Basic Book. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780465063802" title="Special:BookSources/9780465063802"><bdi>9780465063802</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/855545032">855545032</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=James+Madison&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.pub=Basic+Book&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F855545032&rft.isbn=9780465063802&rft.aulast=Brookhiser&rft.aufirst=Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANicholas+Trist" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Island_of_Cuba-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-The_Island_of_Cuba_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Madden, Richard Robert. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/islandcubaitsre00maddgoog/page/n117"><i>The Island of Cuba: Its Resources, Progress, and Prospects, Considered in Relation Especially to the Influence of Its Prosperity on the Interests of the British West India Colonies</i></a>. London: C. Gilpin, 1849.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sonofthesouth.net/mexican-war/nicholas-trist.htm">Nicholas Trist (biography and picture)</a>, <i>The Civil War</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/David_M._Potter" title="David M. Potter">Potter, David</a>, <a href="/wiki/Don_E._Fehrenbacher" title="Don E. Fehrenbacher">Don E. Fehrenbacher</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Impending_Crisis,_1848%E2%80%931861" title="The Impending Crisis, 1848–1861">The Impending Crisis, 1848–1861</a></i>. Harper Perennial, 1976, p. 3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Richard M. Ketchum. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.americanheritage.com/thankless-task-nicholas-trist">The Thankless Task Of Nicholas Trist</a>, <i>American Heritage</i>, August 1970, Volume 21, Issue 5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dale L. Walker. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dallasnews.com/arts-entertainment/books/2011/10/23/book-review-lions-of-the-west-heroes-and-villains-of-the-westward-expansion-by-robert-morgan/">Book review: “Lions of the West: Heroes and Villains of the Westward Expansion,”</a> by Robert Morgan, <i>The Dallas Morning News</i>, October 22, 2011</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicholas_Trist&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Castel, Albert. "The Clerk Who Defied a President: Nicholas Trist's Treaty with Mexico." <i>Virginia Cavalcade</i> 34 (1985): 136–143.</li> <li>Drexler, Robert W. <i>Guilty of Making Peace: A Biography of Nicholas P. Trist</i>. Lanham, Maryland: University Press of America, 1991.</li> <li>Nortrup, Jack. "Nicholas Trist's Mission to Mexico: A Reinterpretation." <i>The Southwestern Historical Quarterly,</i> Vol. 71, No. 3 (Jan., 1968), pp. 321–346.</li> <li>Ohrt, Wallace. <i>Defiant Peacemaker: Nicholas Trist in the Mexican War</i>. College Station: Texas A&M Press, 1997.</li> <li>Sears, Louis Martin. "Nicholas P. Trist, A Diplomat with Ideals." <i>Mississippi Valley Historical Review</i>11#1 (1924): 85–98. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307/1891928">online</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicholas_Trist&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Nicholas_Philip_Trist" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Nicholas Philip Trist">Nicholas Philip Trist</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/25310474">Nicholas Trist</a> at <a href="/wiki/Find_a_Grave" title="Find a Grave">Find a Grave</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.state.gov/departmenthistory/people/trist-nicholas-philip">Nicholas Philip Trist (1800–1874)</a>, <i>U.S. State Department</i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22Trist%2C%20Nicholas%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Nicholas%20Trist%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Trist%2C%20Nicholas%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Nicholas%20Trist%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Trist%2C%20N%2E%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Nicholas%20Trist%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Trist%2C%20Nicholas%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Nicholas%20Trist%22%29%20OR%20%28%221800-1874%22%20AND%20Trist%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29">Works by or about Nicholas Trist</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lib.unc.edu/mss/inv/t/Trist,Nicholas_Philip.html">Inventory of the Nicholas Philip Trist Papers, 1765-1903</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Historical_Collection" title="Southern Historical Collection">Southern Historical Collection</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_North_Carolina_at_Chapel_Hill" title="University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill">UNC-Chapel Hill</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gw.geneanet.org/tdowling?lang=en&n=trist&oc=0&p=nicholas+philip">"Nicholas Philip Browse Family Tree"</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #bebebe;">Government offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/William_S._Derrick" title="William S. Derrick">William S. Derrick</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Chief_Clerk_(United_States_Department_of_State)" title="Chief Clerk (United States Department of State)">Chief Clerk of the United States State Department</a> </b><br />August 28, 1845 – April 14, 1847 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/William_S._Derrick" title="William S. Derrick">William S. 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