CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Yasser Arafat - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"b439fc4e-ec41-423f-85ba-6f9ea5fa68b5","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Yasser_Arafat","wgTitle":"Yasser Arafat","wgCurRevisionId":1277276148,"wgRevisionId":1277276148,"wgArticleId":34289,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Articles containing Arabic-language text","Pages with Levantine Arabic IPA","All articles with dead external links","Articles with dead external links from June 2024","Articles with permanently dead external links","CS1 uses Arabic-language script (ar)","CS1 Arabic-language sources (ar)","Pages containing links to subscription-only content","CS1: unfit URL","CS1 French-language sources (fr)","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata", "Featured articles","Wikipedia extended-confirmed-protected pages","Use dmy dates from July 2024","Pages using Sister project links with wikidata namespace mismatch","Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata","Nobelprize template using Wikidata property P8024","People appearing on C-SPAN","Articles containing video clips","Yasser Arafat","1929 births","2004 deaths","20th-century Palestinian politicians","20th-century presidents in Asia","21st-century Palestinian politicians","Arab people in Palestine","Cairo University alumni","Central Committee of Fatah members","Collars of the Order of the White Lion","Fatah military commanders","Members of the Executive Committee of the Palestine Liberation Organization","Muslim socialists","Nobel Peace Prize laureates","Palestine Liberation Organization members","Palestine Liberation Organization","Palestinian Arab nationalists","Palestinian billionaires","Palestinian civil engineers","Palestinian Muslims","Palestinian nationalists", "Palestinian Nobel laureates","Palestinian people imprisoned by Syria","Palestinian people of Egyptian descent","Palestinian revolutionaries","People of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict","People of the Lebanese Civil War","Politicians from Cairo","Presidents of Palestine","Presidents of the Palestinian National Authority","Recipients of the Order of Prince Yaroslav the Wise, 1st class","Sri Lanka Mitra Vibhushana","Survivors of aviation accidents or incidents","20th-century engineers","People of the Second Intifada"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Yasser_Arafat","wgRelevantArticleId":34289,"wgIsProbablyEditable":false,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":false,"wgRestrictionEdit":["extendedconfirmed"],"wgRestrictionMove":["extendedconfirmed"],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true, "wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":100000,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q34211","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading", "ext.cite.styles":"ready","ext.tmh.player.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.tmh.player","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns", "ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.tmh.player.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.17"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Leader_of_the_PLO%2C_Yasser_Arafat%2C_1996_Dan_Hadani_Archive.jpg/1200px-Leader_of_the_PLO%2C_Yasser_Arafat%2C_1996_Dan_Hadani_Archive.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1745"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Leader_of_the_PLO%2C_Yasser_Arafat%2C_1996_Dan_Hadani_Archive.jpg/800px-Leader_of_the_PLO%2C_Yasser_Arafat%2C_1996_Dan_Hadani_Archive.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1163"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Leader_of_the_PLO%2C_Yasser_Arafat%2C_1996_Dan_Hadani_Archive.jpg/640px-Leader_of_the_PLO%2C_Yasser_Arafat%2C_1996_Dan_Hadani_Archive.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="931"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Yasser Arafat - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yasser_Arafat"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yasser_Arafat"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Yasser_Arafat rootpage-Yasser_Arafat skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Main menu" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Main menu </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z">Main page</a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia">Contents</a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events">Current events</a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x">Random article</a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works">About Wikipedia</a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia">Contact us</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia">Help</a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia">Learn to edit</a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors">Community portal</a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r">Recent changes</a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia">Upload file</a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages">Special pages</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"> Search </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Appearance </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class="">Donate</a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Yasser+Arafat" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class="">Create account</a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Yasser+Arafat" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class="">Log in</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Personal tools </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en">Donate</a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Yasser+Arafat" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"> Create account</a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Yasser+Arafat" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"> Log in</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing">learn more</a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y">Contributions</a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n">Talk</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Early_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1 Early life </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Early_life-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Early life subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Early_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Birth_and_childhood" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Birth_and_childhood"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.1 Birth and childhood </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Birth_and_childhood-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 Education </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 Personal life </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Name" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Name"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4 Name </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Name-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rise_of_Fatah" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rise_of_Fatah"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Rise of Fatah </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Rise_of_Fatah-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Rise of Fatah subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Rise_of_Fatah-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Founding_of_Fatah" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Founding_of_Fatah"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Founding of Fatah </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Founding_of_Fatah-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Leader_of_the_Palestinians" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Leader_of_the_Palestinians"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Leader of the Palestinians </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Leader_of_the_Palestinians-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Battle_of_Karameh" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Battle_of_Karameh"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Battle of Karameh </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Battle_of_Karameh-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Confrontation_with_Jordan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Confrontation_with_Jordan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Confrontation with Jordan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Confrontation_with_Jordan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Headquarters_in_Lebanon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Headquarters_in_Lebanon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Headquarters in Lebanon </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Headquarters_in_Lebanon-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Headquarters in Lebanon subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Headquarters_in_Lebanon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Official_recognition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Official_recognition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Official recognition </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Official_recognition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fatah_involvement_in_Lebanese_Civil_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fatah_involvement_in_Lebanese_Civil_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Fatah involvement in Lebanese Civil War </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fatah_involvement_in_Lebanese_Civil_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Headquarters_in_Tunisia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Headquarters_in_Tunisia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Headquarters in Tunisia </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Headquarters_in_Tunisia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Headquarters in Tunisia subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Headquarters_in_Tunisia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-First_Intifada" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_Intifada"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 First Intifada </div> </a> <ul id="toc-First_Intifada-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Change_in_direction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Change_in_direction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Change in direction </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Change_in_direction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Palestinian_Authority_and_peace_negotiations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Palestinian_Authority_and_peace_negotiations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Palestinian Authority and peace negotiations </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Palestinian_Authority_and_peace_negotiations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Palestinian Authority and peace negotiations subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Palestinian_Authority_and_peace_negotiations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Oslo_Accords" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oslo_Accords"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Oslo Accords </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oslo_Accords-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Establishing_authority_in_the_territories" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Establishing_authority_in_the_territories"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Establishing authority in the territories </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Establishing_authority_in_the_territories-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_peace_agreements" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_peace_agreements"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3 Other peace agreements </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_peace_agreements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_survival" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_survival"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Political survival </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Political_survival-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Political survival subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Political_survival-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Relations_with_Hamas_and_other_militant_groups" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relations_with_Hamas_and_other_militant_groups"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Relations with Hamas and other militant groups </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Relations_with_Hamas_and_other_militant_groups-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Attempts_to_marginalize" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Attempts_to_marginalize"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 Attempts to marginalize </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Attempts_to_marginalize-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Financial_dealings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Financial_dealings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Financial dealings </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Financial_dealings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Illness_and_death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Illness_and_death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Illness and death </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Illness_and_death-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Illness and death subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Illness_and_death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Unsuccessful_Israeli_assassination_attempts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Unsuccessful_Israeli_assassination_attempts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1 Unsuccessful Israeli assassination attempts </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Unsuccessful_Israeli_assassination_attempts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Failing_health" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Failing_health"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.2 Failing health </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Failing_health-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Funeral" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Funeral"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.3 Funeral </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Funeral-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Theories_about_the_cause_of_death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Theories_about_the_cause_of_death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.4 Theories about the cause of death </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Theories_about_the_cause_of_death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Legacy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Yasser Arafat</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 118 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-118" aria-hidden="true" > 118 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jasser_Arafat" title="Jasser Arafat – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Jasser Arafat" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jassir_Arafat" title="Jassir Arafat – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Jassir Arafat" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8B%AB%E1%88%A5%E1%88%AD_%E1%8A%A0%E1%88%A8%E1%8D%8B%E1%89%B5" title="ያሥር አረፋት – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ያሥር አረፋት" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yasser_Arafat" title="Yasser Arafat – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Yasser Arafat" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ænglisc</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%B1_%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="ياسر عرفات – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ياسر عرفات" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yasser_Arafat" title="Yasser Arafat – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Yasser Arafat" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yasser_Arafat" title="Yasser Arafat – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Yasser Arafat" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yasir_Arafat" title="Yasir Arafat – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Yasir Arafat" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Avañe'ẽ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yasir_%C6%8Fr%C9%99fat" title="Yasir Ərəfat – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Yasir Ərəfat" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%B1_%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="یاسر عرفات – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="یاسر عرفات" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4" title="ইয়াসির আরাফাত – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ইয়াসির আরাফাত" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yasser_Arafat" title="Yasser Arafat – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Yasser Arafat" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Ясир Арафат – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Ясир Арафат" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%81%D1%96%D1%80_%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Ясір Арафат – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Ясір Арафат" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%81%D1%96%D1%80_%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Ясір Арафат – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Ясір Арафат" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yasser_Arafat" title="Yasser Arafat – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Yasser Arafat" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Ясер Арафат – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ясер Арафат" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yasser_Arafat" title="Yasser Arafat – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Yasser Arafat" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yasser_Arafat" title="Yasser Arafat – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Yasser Arafat" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%C3%A0ssir_Arafat" title="Iàssir Arafat – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Iàssir Arafat" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Ясир Арафат – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Ясир Арафат" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yasser_Arafat" title="Yasser Arafat – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Yasser Arafat" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%A1sir_Arafat" title="Jásir Arafat – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Jásir Arafat" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yasser_Arafat" title="Yasser Arafat – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Yasser Arafat" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yasser_Arafat" title="Yasser Arafat – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Yasser Arafat" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%B1_%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="ياسر عرفات – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="ياسر عرفات" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">الدارجة</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yasser_Arafat" title="Yasser Arafat – Pennsylvania German" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Yasser Arafat" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvania German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deitsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jassir_Arafat" title="Jassir Arafat – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Jassir Arafat" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y%C4%81sir_%E2%80%98Araf%C4%81t" title="Yāsir ‘Arafāt – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Yāsir ‘Arafāt" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%B9%CE%AC%CF%83%CE%B5%CF%81_%CE%91%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%86%CE%AC%CF%84" title="Γιάσερ Αραφάτ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γιάσερ Αραφάτ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yasir_Arafat" title="Yasir Arafat – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Yasir Arafat" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaser_Arafat" title="Jaser Arafat – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Jaser Arafat" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jassir_Arafat" title="Jassir Arafat – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Jassir Arafat" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%B1_%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="یاسر عرفات – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="یاسر عرفات" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yasser_Arafat" title="Yasser Arafat – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Yasser Arafat" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jasser_Arafat" title="Jasser Arafat – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Jasser Arafat" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iasar_Arafat" title="Iasar Arafat – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Iasar Arafat" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iasir_Arafat" title="Iasir Arafat – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Iasir Arafat" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%BC%EC%84%B8%EB%A5%B4_%EC%95%84%EB%9D%BC%ED%8C%8C%ED%8A%B8" title="야세르 아라파트 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="야세르 아라파트" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yasser_Arafat" title="Yasser Arafat – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Yasser Arafat" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%85%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%A5%D6%80_%D4%B1%D6%80%D5%A1%D6%86%D5%A1%D5%A9" title="Յասեր Արաֆաթ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Յասեր Արաֆաթ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4_(%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE)" title="यासिर अराफ़ात (फिलिस्तीनी नेता) – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="यासिर अराफ़ात (फिलिस्तीनी नेता)" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaser_Arafat" title="Jaser Arafat – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Jaser Arafat" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaser_Arafat" title="Yaser Arafat – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Yaser Arafat" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yasser_Arafat" title="Yasser Arafat – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Yasser Arafat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yasser_Arafat" title="Yasser Arafat – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Yasser Arafat" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yasser_Arafat" title="Yasser Arafat – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Yasser Arafat" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%99%D7%90%D7%A1%D7%A8_%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%AA" title="יאסר ערפאת – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="יאסר ערפאת" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yasser_Arafat" title="Yasser Arafat – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Yasser Arafat" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%85%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%AB%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D" title="ಯಾಸಿರ್ ಅರಾಫತ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಯಾಸಿರ್ ಅರಾಫತ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0_%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%A4%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="იასირ არაფატი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="იასირ არაფატი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Ясир Арафат – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ясир Арафат" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaser_Erefat" title="Yaser Erefat – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Yaser Erefat" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Ясир Арафат – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Ясир Арафат" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y%C4%81sir_%CA%BFAraf%C4%81t" title="Yāsir ʿArafāt – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Yāsir ʿArafāt" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%81sirs_Araf%C4%81ts" title="Jāsirs Arafāts – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Jāsirs Arafāts" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jassir_Arafat" title="Jassir Arafat – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Jassir Arafat" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesiras_Arafatas" title="Jesiras Arafatas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Jesiras Arafatas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yasser_Arafat" title="Yasser Arafat – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Yasser Arafat" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingua Franca Nova</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yasser_Arafat" title="Yasser Arafat – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Yasser Arafat" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jasszer_Arafat" title="Jasszer Arafat – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Jasszer Arafat" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%88%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Јасер Арафат – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Јасер Арафат" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yasser_Arafat" title="Yasser Arafat – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Yasser Arafat" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%BC_%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%AB%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D" title="യാസർ അറഫാത്ത് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="യാസർ അറഫാത്ത്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4" title="यासर अराफात – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="यासर अराफात" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0_%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%A4%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="იასირ არაფატი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="იასირ არაფატი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%B1_%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="ياسر عرفات – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ياسر عرفات" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yasser_Arafat" title="Yasser Arafat – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Yasser Arafat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yasser_Arafat" title="Yasser Arafat – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Yasser Arafat" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Ясир Арафат – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Ясир Арафат" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AC%E1%80%86%E1%80%AC_%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9B%E1%80%96%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA" title="ယာဆာ အာရဖတ် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ယာဆာ အာရဖတ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yasser_Arafat" title="Yasser Arafat – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Yasser Arafat" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4" title="यासेर अराफात – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="यासेर अराफात" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A4%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BB%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A9%E3%83%95%E3%82%A1%E3%83%BC%E3%83%88" title="ヤーセル・アラファート – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヤーセル・アラファート" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yasir_Arafat" title="Yasir Arafat – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Yasir Arafat" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yasir_Arafat" title="Yasir Arafat – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Yasir Arafat" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yasser_Arafat" title="Yasser Arafat – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Yasser Arafat" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yosir_Arafot" title="Yosir Arafot – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Yosir Arafot" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AF%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B0_%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A4" title="ਯਾਸਿਰ ਅਰਾਫ਼ਾਤ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਯਾਸਿਰ ਅਰਾਫ਼ਾਤ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%B1_%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="یاسر عرفات – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="یاسر عرفات" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jassir_Arafat" title="Jassir Arafat – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Jassir Arafat" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jasir_Arafat" title="Jasir Arafat – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Jasir Arafat" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yasser_Arafat" title="Yasser Arafat – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Yasser Arafat" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yasser_Arafat" title="Yasser Arafat – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Yasser Arafat" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yasser_Arafat" title="Yasser Arafat – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Yasser Arafat" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%82,_%D0%AF%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%80" title="Арафат, Ясир – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Арафат, Ясир" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yasser_Arafat" title="Yasser Arafat – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Yasser Arafat" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaser_Arafat" title="Jaser Arafat – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Jaser Arafat" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yasser_Arafat" title="Yasser Arafat – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Yasser Arafat" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yasser_Arafat" title="Yasser Arafat – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Yasser Arafat" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%B1_%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="ياسر عرفات – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ياسر عرفات" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%A1sir_Araf%C3%A1t" title="Jásir Arafát – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Jásir Arafát" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaser_Arafat" title="Jaser Arafat – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Jaser Arafat" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaasir_Carafaat" title="Yaasir Carafaat – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Yaasir Carafaat" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%B1_%D8%B9%DB%95%D8%B1%DB%95%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="یاسر عەرەفات – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="یاسر عەرەفات" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%88%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Јасер Арафат – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Јасер Арафат" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaser_Arafat" title="Jaser Arafat – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Jaser Arafat" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yasser_Arafat" title="Yasser Arafat – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Yasser Arafat" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sunda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jasser_Arafat" title="Jasser Arafat – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Jasser Arafat" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yassir_Arafat" title="Yassir Arafat – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Yassir Arafat" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yasser_Arafat" title="Yasser Arafat – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Yasser Arafat" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%83%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D" title="யாசிர் அரஃபாத் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="யாசிர் அரஃபாத்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%85%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AB%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D" title="యాసర్ అరాఫత్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="యాసర్ అరాఫత్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C_%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%95" title="ยัสเซอร์ อาราฟัต – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ยัสเซอร์ อาราฟัต" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%82" title="Ёсир Арафот – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ёсир Арафот" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaser_Arafat" title="Yaser Arafat – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Yaser Arafat" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%81%D1%96%D1%80_%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Ясір Арафат – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ясір Арафат" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%B1_%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="یاسر عرفات – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="یاسر عرفات" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yasser_Arafat" title="Yasser Arafat – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Yasser Arafat" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yasser_Arafat" title="Yasser Arafat – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Yasser Arafat" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E8%A5%BF%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E6%B3%95%E7%89%B9" title="亚西尔·阿拉法特 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="亚西尔·阿拉法特" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%99%D7%90%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%A8_%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%98" title="יאסיר אראפאט – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="יאסיר אראפאט" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yasser_Arafat" title="Yasser Arafat – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Yasser Arafat" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E6%B3%95%E7%89%B9" title="阿拉法特 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="阿拉法特" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaser_Arafat" title="Yaser Arafat – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Yaser Arafat" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yasser_Arafat" title="Yasser Arafat – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Yasser Arafat" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zeêuws</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jes%C4%ABrs_Arafats" title="Jesīrs Arafats – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Jesīrs Arafats" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Žemaitėška</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E8%A5%BF%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E6%B3%95%E7%89%B9" title="亚西尔·阿拉法特 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="亚西尔·阿拉法特" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q34211#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Yasser_Arafat" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c">Article</a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Yasser_Arafat" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t">Talk</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >English </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Yasser_Arafat">Read</a></li><li id="ca-viewsource" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yasser_Arafat&action=edit" title="This page is protected.
You can view its source [e]" accesskey="e">View source</a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yasser_Arafat&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h">View history</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >Tools </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Yasser_Arafat">Read</a></li><li id="ca-more-viewsource" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yasser_Arafat&action=edit">View source</a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yasser_Arafat&action=history">View history</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Yasser_Arafat" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j">What links here</a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Yasser_Arafat" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k">Related changes</a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u">Upload file</a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yasser_Arafat&oldid=1277276148" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page">Permanent link</a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yasser_Arafat&action=info" title="More information about this page">Page information</a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Yasser_Arafat&id=1277276148&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page">Cite this page</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FYasser_Arafat">Get shortened URL</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FYasser_Arafat">Download QR code</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Yasser_Arafat&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file">Download as PDF</a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yasser_Arafat&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p">Printable version</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Yasser_Arafat" hreflang="en">Wikimedia Commons</a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikinews mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Category:Yasser_Arafat" hreflang="en">Wikinews</a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikiquote mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Yasser_Arafat" hreflang="en">Wikiquote</a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikisource mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Yasser_Arafat" hreflang="en">Wikisource</a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q34211" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g">Wikidata item</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-featured-star" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Featured_articles*" title="This is a featured article. Click here for more information."><img alt="Featured article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/20px-Cscr-featured.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/30px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/40px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="466" data-file-height="443" /></a></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-pp-default" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Protection_policy#extended" title="This article is extended-confirmed-protected"><img alt="Extended-protected article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8c/Extended-protection-shackle.svg/20px-Extended-protection-shackle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8c/Extended-protection-shackle.svg/30px-Extended-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8c/Extended-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Extended-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">President of Palestine (1929–2004)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Yasir Arafat" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Yasir_Arafat_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Yasir Arafat (disambiguation)">Yasir Arafat (disambiguation)</a>.</div> This page is subject to the extended confirmed restriction related to the Arab-Israeli conflict. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Yasser Arafat</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:125%; font-weight:bold;"><div class="nickname" lang="ar"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style>ياسر عرفات</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Leader_of_the_PLO,_Yasser_Arafat,_1996_Dan_Hadani_Archive.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Leader_of_the_PLO%2C_Yasser_Arafat%2C_1996_Dan_Hadani_Archive.jpg/220px-Leader_of_the_PLO%2C_Yasser_Arafat%2C_1996_Dan_Hadani_Archive.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="320" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Leader_of_the_PLO%2C_Yasser_Arafat%2C_1996_Dan_Hadani_Archive.jpg/330px-Leader_of_the_PLO%2C_Yasser_Arafat%2C_1996_Dan_Hadani_Archive.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Leader_of_the_PLO%2C_Yasser_Arafat%2C_1996_Dan_Hadani_Archive.jpg/440px-Leader_of_the_PLO%2C_Yasser_Arafat%2C_1996_Dan_Hadani_Archive.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1380" data-file-height="2007" /></a><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Arafat in 1996</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">1st <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Palestinian_National_Authority" title="President of the Palestinian National Authority">President of the Palestinian National Authority</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office 5 July 1994 – 11 November 2004</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Prime Minister</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mahmoud_Abbas" title="Mahmoud Abbas">Mahmoud Abbas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Qurei" title="Ahmed Qurei">Ahmed Qurei</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Rawhi_Fattouh" title="Rawhi Fattouh">Rawhi Fattouh</a> (interim) Mahmoud Abbas</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">1st <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_State_of_Palestine" title="President of the State of Palestine">President of the State of Palestine</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office 2 April 1989 – 11 November 2004</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Prime Minister</th><td class="infobox-data">Mahmoud Abbas Ahmed Qurei</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data">Rawhi Fattouh (interim) Mahmoud Abbas</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">3rd <a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Palestine_Liberation_Organization" title="Chairman of the Palestine Liberation Organization">Chairman of the Palestine Liberation Organization</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office 4 February 1969 – 29 October 2004</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Yahya_Hammuda" title="Yahya Hammuda">Yahya Hammuda</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data">Mahmoud Abbas</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Mohammed Abdel Rahman Abdel Raouf Arafat al-Qudwa al-Husseini</div> 4 or (1929-08-24)24 August 1929 <a href="/wiki/Cairo" title="Cairo">Cairo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="Kingdom of Egypt">Kingdom of Egypt</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">11 November 2004(2004-11-11) (aged 75) <a href="/wiki/Clamart" title="Clamart">Clamart</a>, Hauts-de-Seine, France</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Resting place</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Mukataa#Arafat's_compound" title="Mukataa">Arafat's compound</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Fatah" title="Fatah">Fatah</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Suha_Arafat" title="Suha Arafat">Suha Arafat</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style>1990)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">1</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Cairo_University" title="Cairo University">University of King Fuad I</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Profession</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Civil_engineer" title="Civil engineer">Civil engineer</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signature</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/File:Yasser_Arafat_signature.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Yasser Arafat's signature"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Yasser_Arafat_signature.svg/50px-Yasser_Arafat_signature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Yasser_Arafat_signature.svg/76px-Yasser_Arafat_signature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Yasser_Arafat_signature.svg/101px-Yasser_Arafat_signature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="151" data-file-height="239" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nickname</th><td class="infobox-data">Abu Ammar<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1157919884">.mw-parser-output .sidebar-person{border:4px double #d69d36}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-person .sidebar-title{font-size:110%;padding:0;line-height:150%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-person-title-image{background-color:#002466;vertical-align:middle;padding:5px}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-person-title{background-color:#002466;vertical-align:middle;padding:6px;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-person-title>div{font-size:88%;line-height:normal}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-person .sidebar-content{padding:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-person .sidebar-navbar{text-align:center}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks sidebar-person vcard hlist"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><table><tbody><tr> <td class="sidebar-person-title-image" style="background-color:Yellow;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/File:Leader_of_the_PLO,_Yasser_Arafat,_1996_Dan_Hadani_Archive.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Leader_of_the_PLO%2C_Yasser_Arafat%2C_1996_Dan_Hadani_Archive.jpg/75px-Leader_of_the_PLO%2C_Yasser_Arafat%2C_1996_Dan_Hadani_Archive.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Leader_of_the_PLO%2C_Yasser_Arafat%2C_1996_Dan_Hadani_Archive.jpg/113px-Leader_of_the_PLO%2C_Yasser_Arafat%2C_1996_Dan_Hadani_Archive.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Leader_of_the_PLO%2C_Yasser_Arafat%2C_1996_Dan_Hadani_Archive.jpg/150px-Leader_of_the_PLO%2C_Yasser_Arafat%2C_1996_Dan_Hadani_Archive.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1380" data-file-height="2007" /></a></td> <td class="sidebar-person-title" style="background-color:Yellow;color:black;"><div>This article is part of a series about</div><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Yasser Arafat</a></td> </tr></tbody></table></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <hr /> <div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="">Personal</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Early_life,_education_and_personal_life">Early life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mukataa#Arafat's_compound" title="Mukataa">Compound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Yasser_Arafat" title="Death of Yasser Arafat">Death</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Yasser_Arafat#Theories_about_the_cause_of_death" title="Death of Yasser Arafat">conspiracy theories</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suha_Arafat" title="Suha Arafat">Suha Arafat</a> (wife)</li></ul> </div></div> <hr /> <div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style=""><a href="/wiki/Palestine_Liberation_Organization" title="Palestine Liberation Organization">Palestine Liberation Organization</a></div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Palestine_Liberation_Organization" title="Chairman of the Palestine Liberation Organization">Chairman</a> (1969–2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/PLO_in_Lebanon" title="PLO in Lebanon">PLO in Lebanon</a></li></ul> </div></div> <hr /> <div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="">Pre-presidency</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/War_of_Attrition" title="War of Attrition">War of Attrition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Karameh" title="Battle of Karameh">Battle of Karameh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_September" title="Black September">Black September</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_insurgency_in_South_Lebanon" title="Palestinian insurgency in South Lebanon">Palestinian insurgency in South Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Intifada" title="First Intifada">First Intifada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Wooden_Leg" title="Operation Wooden Leg">Operation Wooden Leg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict" title="Israeli–Palestinian conflict">Israeli–Palestinian conflict</a></li></ul> </div></div> <hr /> <div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style=""><a href="/wiki/Lebanese_Civil_War" title="Lebanese Civil War">Lebanese Civil War</a></div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Hotels" title="Battle of the Hotels">Battle of the Hotels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aishiyeh_massacres" title="Aishiyeh massacres">Aishiyeh massacres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chekka_massacre" title="Chekka massacre">Chekka massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1978_South_Lebanon_conflict" title="1978 South Lebanon conflict">1978 South Lebanon conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Zahleh" title="Battle of Zahleh">Battle of Zahleh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1982_Lebanon_War" title="1982 Lebanon War">1982 Lebanon War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tripoli_(1983)" title="Battle of Tripoli (1983)">Battle of Tripoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Camps" title="War of the Camps">War of the Camps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sidon_(1991)" title="Battle of Sidon (1991)">Battle of Sidon</a></li></ul> </div></div> <hr /> <div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style=""><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Palestinian_Authority_and_peace_negotiations">Presidency</a></div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict" title="Israeli–Palestinian conflict">Israeli–Palestinian conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oslo_Accords" title="Oslo Accords">Oslo Accords</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_Camp_David_Summit" title="2000 Camp David Summit">2000 Camp David Summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Intifada" title="Second Intifada">Second Intifada</a></li></ul> </div></div> <hr /> <div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="">Elections</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1996_Palestinian_general_election" title="1996 Palestinian general election">1996</a></li></ul> </div></div> <hr /> <a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Palestine_(alternative).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Coat_of_arms_of_Palestine_%28alternative%29.svg/40px-Coat_of_arms_of_Palestine_%28alternative%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Coat_of_arms_of_Palestine_%28alternative%29.svg/60px-Coat_of_arms_of_Palestine_%28alternative%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Coat_of_arms_of_Palestine_%28alternative%29.svg/80px-Coat_of_arms_of_Palestine_%28alternative%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="815" /></a></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Yasser_Arafat_series" title="Template:Yasser Arafat series"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Yasser_Arafat_series" title="Template talk:Yasser Arafat series"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Yasser_Arafat_series" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Yasser Arafat series"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> Yasser Arafat<a href="#cite_note-3">[a]</a> (4 or 24 August 1929 – 11 November 2004), also popularly known by his <a href="/wiki/Kunya_(Arabic)" title="Kunya (Arabic)">kunya</a> Abu Ammar,<a href="#cite_note-4">[b]</a> was a Palestinian political leader. He was <a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Palestine_Liberation_Organization" title="Chairman of the Palestine Liberation Organization">chairman of the Palestine Liberation Organization</a> (PLO) from 1969 to 2004, <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_State_of_Palestine" title="President of the State of Palestine">President of the State of Palestine</a> from 1989 to 2004 and <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Palestinian_Authority" class="mw-redirect" title="President of the Palestinian Authority">President of the Palestinian Authority</a> (PNA) from 1994 to 2004.<a href="#cite_note-5">[3]</a> Ideologically an <a href="/wiki/Arab_nationalism" title="Arab nationalism">Arab nationalist</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Arab_socialism" title="Arab socialism">socialist</a>, Arafat was a founding member of the <a href="/wiki/Fatah" title="Fatah">Fatah</a> political party, which he led from 1959 until 2004. Arafat was born to Palestinian parents in <a href="/wiki/Cairo" title="Cairo">Cairo</a>, Egypt, where he spent most of his youth. He studied at the <a href="/wiki/Cairo_University" title="Cairo University">University of King Fuad I</a>. While a student, he embraced Arab nationalist and <a href="/wiki/Anti-Zionism" title="Anti-Zionism">anti-Zionist</a> ideas. Opposed to the 1948 creation of the <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">State of Israel</a>, he fought alongside the <a href="/wiki/Muslim_Brotherhood" title="Muslim Brotherhood">Muslim Brotherhood</a> during the <a href="/wiki/1948_Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_War" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War">1948 Arab–Israeli War</a>. Following the defeat of Arab forces, Arafat returned to Cairo and served as president of the <a href="/wiki/General_Union_of_Palestinian_Students" title="General Union of Palestinian Students">General Union of Palestinian Students</a> from 1952 to 1956. In the latter part of the 1950s, Arafat co-founded Fatah, a paramilitary organization which sought Israel's replacement with a Palestinian state. Fatah operated within several Arab countries, from where it launched attacks on Israeli targets. In the latter part of the 1960s Arafat's profile grew; in 1967 he joined the Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO) and in 1969 was elected chair of the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_National_Council" title="Palestinian National Council">Palestinian National Council</a> (PNC). Fatah's growing presence in Jordan resulted in <a href="/wiki/Black_September" title="Black September">military clashes</a> with <a href="/wiki/Hussein_of_Jordan" title="Hussein of Jordan">King Hussein</a>'s Jordanian government and in the early 1970s it relocated to Lebanon. There, Fatah assisted the <a href="/wiki/Lebanese_National_Movement" title="Lebanese National Movement">Lebanese National Movement</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Lebanese_Civil_War" title="Lebanese Civil War">Lebanese Civil War</a> and continued its attacks on Israel, resulting in the organization becoming a major target of Israeli invasions during the <a href="/wiki/1978_South_Lebanon_conflict" title="1978 South Lebanon conflict">1978 South Lebanon conflict</a> and <a href="/wiki/1982_Lebanon_War" title="1982 Lebanon War">1982 Lebanon War</a>. From 1983 to 1993, Arafat based himself in Tunisia, and began to shift his approach from open conflict with the Israelis to negotiation. In 1988, he <a href="/wiki/UN_Security_Council_Resolution_242" class="mw-redirect" title="UN Security Council Resolution 242">acknowledged</a> Israel's <a href="/wiki/Right_to_exist" title="Right to exist">right to exist</a> and sought a <a href="/wiki/Two-state_solution" title="Two-state solution">two-state solution</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict" title="Israeli–Palestinian conflict">Israeli–Palestinian conflict</a>. In 1994, he returned to Palestine, settling in <a href="/wiki/Gaza_City" title="Gaza City">Gaza City</a> and promoting self-governance for the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_territories" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian territories">Palestinian territories</a>. He engaged in a series of negotiations with the Israeli government to end the conflict between it and the PLO. These included the <a href="/wiki/Madrid_Conference_of_1991" title="Madrid Conference of 1991">Madrid Conference of 1991</a>, the 1993 <a href="/wiki/Oslo_Accords" title="Oslo Accords">Oslo Accords</a> and the <a href="/wiki/2000_Camp_David_Summit" title="2000 Camp David Summit">2000 Camp David Summit</a>. The success of the negotiations in Oslo led to Arafat being awarded the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="Nobel Peace Prize">Nobel Peace Prize</a>, alongside Israeli Prime Ministers <a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Rabin" title="Yitzhak Rabin">Yitzhak Rabin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shimon_Peres" title="Shimon Peres">Shimon Peres</a>, in 1994. At the time, Fatah's support among the Palestinians declined with the growth of <a href="/wiki/Hamas" title="Hamas">Hamas</a> and other militant rivals. In late 2004, after effectively being confined within <a href="/wiki/Arafat%27s_Compound" class="mw-redirect" title="Arafat's Compound">his Ramallah compound</a> for over two years by the Israeli army, Arafat fell into a coma and died. While the <a href="/wiki/Cause_of_Yasser_Arafat%27s_death" class="mw-redirect" title="Cause of Yasser Arafat's death">cause of Arafat's death</a> has remained the subject of speculation, investigations by Russian and French teams determined no foul play was involved.<a href="#cite_note-French_Investigation-6">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-7">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-Russian_Investigation-8">[6]</a> Arafat remains a controversial figure. Palestinians generally view him as a <a href="/wiki/Martyr" title="Martyr">martyr</a> who symbolized the national aspirations of his people, while many Israelis regarded him as a terrorist.<a href="#cite_note-9">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-10">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-Arafat_reviled_particularly-11">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-Washington-12">[10]</a> Palestinian rivals, including <a href="/wiki/Islamism" title="Islamism">Islamists</a> and several <a href="/wiki/Rejectionist_Front" title="Rejectionist Front">PLO radicals</a>, frequently denounced him as corrupt or too submissive in his concessions to the Israeli government. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Yasser_Arafat_in_1942.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Yasser_Arafat_in_1942.jpg/220px-Yasser_Arafat_in_1942.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="329" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Yasser_Arafat_in_1942.jpg/330px-Yasser_Arafat_in_1942.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a9/Yasser_Arafat_in_1942.jpg 2x" data-file-width="428" data-file-height="641" /></a><figcaption>Arafat (right) with his sister Khadija and brother <a href="/wiki/Fathi_Arafat" title="Fathi Arafat">Fathi</a> in Cairo, 1942</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Birth_and_childhood">Birth and childhood</h3></div> Arafat was born in <a href="/wiki/Cairo" title="Cairo">Cairo</a>, Egypt,<a href="#cite_note-Birth-13">[11]</a> on 4<a href="#cite_note-14">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-15">[13]</a> or 24 August 1929.<a href="#cite_note-16">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-17">[15]</a>: 269  His father, Abdel Raouf al-Qudwa al-Husseini, was a Palestinian from <a href="/wiki/Gaza_City" title="Gaza City">Gaza City</a>, whose mother, Yasser's paternal grandmother, was <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egyptian</a>. Arafat's father battled in the Egyptian courts for 25 years to claim family land in Egypt as part of his inheritance but was unsuccessful.<a href="#cite_note-18">[16]</a> He worked as a textile merchant in Cairo's religiously mixed <a href="/wiki/El-Sakakini" class="mw-redirect" title="El-Sakakini">Sakakini District</a>. Arafat was the second-youngest of seven children and was, along with his younger brother <a href="/wiki/Fathi_Arafat" title="Fathi Arafat">Fathi</a>, the only offspring born in Cairo. <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a> was the family home of his mother, Zahwa Abul Saud, who died from a kidney ailment in 1933, when Arafat was four years of age.<a href="#cite_note-The_Making_of_a_Palestinian-19">[17]</a> Arafat's first visit to Jerusalem came when his father, unable to raise seven children alone, sent Yasser and his brother Fathi to their mother's family in the <a href="/wiki/Mughrabi_Quarter" title="Mughrabi Quarter">Mughrabi Quarter</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Old_City_of_Jerusalem" title="Old City of Jerusalem">Old City</a>. They lived there with their uncle Salim Abul Saud for four years. In 1937, their father recalled them to be taken care of by their older sister, Inam. Arafat had a deteriorating relationship with his father; when he died in 1952, Arafat did not attend the funeral, nor did he visit his father's grave upon his return to Gaza. Arafat's sister Inam stated in an interview with Arafat's biographer, British historian Alan Hart, that Arafat was heavily beaten by his father for going to the Jewish quarter in Cairo and attending religious services. When she asked Arafat why he would not stop going, he responded by saying that he wanted to study Jewish mentality.<a href="#cite_note-The_Making_of_a_Palestinian-19">[17]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Education">Education</h3></div> In 1944, Arafat enrolled in the <a href="/wiki/Cairo_University" title="Cairo University">University of King Fuad I</a> and graduated in 1950.<a href="#cite_note-The_Making_of_a_Palestinian-19">[17]</a> At university, he engaged Jews in discussion and read publications by <a href="/wiki/Theodor_Herzl" title="Theodor Herzl">Theodor Herzl</a> and other prominent Zionists.<a href="#cite_note-20">[18]</a> By 1946, he was an <a href="/wiki/Arab_nationalism" title="Arab nationalism">Arab nationalist</a> and began procuring weapons to be smuggled into <a href="/wiki/Mandatory_Palestine" title="Mandatory Palestine">Mandatory Palestine</a>, for use by <a href="/wiki/Irregular_military" title="Irregular military">irregulars</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Arab_Higher_Committee" title="Arab Higher Committee">Arab Higher Committee</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Army_of_the_Holy_War" title="Army of the Holy War">Army of the Holy War</a> militias.<a href="#cite_note-21">[19]</a> During the <a href="/wiki/1948_Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_War" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War">1948 Arab–Israeli War</a>, Arafat left the university and, along with other Arabs, sought to enter <a href="/wiki/Mandatory_Palestine" title="Mandatory Palestine">Palestine</a> to join Arab forces fighting against <a href="/wiki/Haganah" title="Haganah">Israeli troops</a> and the creation of the state of Israel. However, instead of joining the ranks of the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_fedayeen" title="Palestinian fedayeen">Palestinian fedayeen</a>, Arafat fought alongside the <a href="/wiki/Muslim_Brotherhood" title="Muslim Brotherhood">Muslim Brotherhood</a>, although he did not join the organization. He took part in combat in the Gaza area (which was the main battleground of <a href="/wiki/Military_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of Egypt">Egyptian forces</a> during the conflict). In early 1949, the war was winding down in Israel's favor, and Arafat returned to Cairo due to a lack of logistical support.<a href="#cite_note-The_Making_of_a_Palestinian-19">[17]</a> After returning to the university, Arafat studied <a href="/wiki/Civil_engineering" title="Civil engineering">civil engineering</a> and served as president of the <a href="/wiki/General_Union_of_Palestinian_Students" title="General Union of Palestinian Students">General Union of Palestinian Students</a> (GUPS) from 1952 to 1956. During his first year as president of the union, the university was renamed Cairo University after a <a href="/wiki/1952_Egyptian_revolution" title="1952 Egyptian revolution">coup</a> was carried out by the <a href="/wiki/Free_Officers_Movement_(Egypt)" class="mw-redirect" title="Free Officers Movement (Egypt)">Free Officers Movement</a> overthrowing <a href="/wiki/Farouk_of_Egypt" title="Farouk of Egypt">King Farouk I</a>. By that time, Arafat had graduated with a bachelor's degree in civil engineering and was called to duty to fight with Egyptian forces during the <a href="/wiki/Suez_Crisis" title="Suez Crisis">Suez Crisis</a>; however, he never actually fought.<a href="#cite_note-The_Making_of_a_Palestinian-19">[17]</a> Later that year, at a conference in <a href="/wiki/Prague" title="Prague">Prague</a>, he donned a solid white <a href="/wiki/Keffiyeh" title="Keffiyeh">keffiyeh</a>–different from the fishnet-patterned one he adopted later in <a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a>, which was to become his emblem.<a href="#cite_note-22">[20]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h3></div> In 1990, Arafat married <a href="/wiki/Suha_Arafat" title="Suha Arafat">Suha Tawil</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Christians" title="Palestinian Christians">Palestinian Christian</a>, when he was 61 and Suha, 27. Her mother introduced her to him in France, after which she worked as his secretary in Tunis.<a href="#cite_note-23">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-Suha-24">[22]</a> Prior to their marriage, Arafat adopted fifty Palestinian <a href="/wiki/Orphan" title="Orphan">war orphans</a>.<a href="#cite_note-timeexpecting-25">[23]</a> During their marriage, Suha tried to leave Arafat on many occasions, but he forbade it.<a href="#cite_note-star1-26">[24]</a> Suha said she regrets the marriage, and given the choice again would not repeat it.<a href="#cite_note-star1-26">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-27">[25]</a> In mid-1995, Arafat's wife Suha gave birth in a Paris hospital to a daughter, named Zahwa after Arafat's mother.<a href="#cite_note-28">[26]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Name">Name</h3></div> Arafat's full name was Mohammed Abdel Rahman Abdel Raouf Arafat al-Qudwa al-Husseini. Mohammed Abdel Rahman was his first name, Abdel Raouf was his father's name and Arafat his grandfather's. <a href="/wiki/Qudwa" title="Qudwa">Al-Qudwa</a> was the name of his tribe and al-Husseini was that of the clan to which the al-Qudwas belonged. The al-Husseini clan was based in Gaza and is not related to the well-known <a href="/wiki/Al-Husayni" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Husayni">al-Husayni</a> clan of Jerusalem.<a href="#cite_note-The_Making_of_a_Palestinian-19">[17]</a> Since Arafat was raised in Cairo, the tradition of dropping the Mohammed or Ahmad portion of one's first name was common; notable Egyptians such as <a href="/wiki/Anwar_Sadat" title="Anwar Sadat">Anwar Sadat</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hosni_Mubarak" title="Hosni Mubarak">Hosni Mubarak</a> did so. However, Arafat dropped Abdel Rahman and Abdel Raouf from his name as well. During the early 1950s, Arafat adopted the name Yasser, and in the early years of Arafat's guerrilla career, he assumed the <a href="/wiki/Noms_de_guerre" class="mw-redirect" title="Noms de guerre">nom de guerre</a> of Abu Ammar. Both names are related to <a href="/wiki/Ammar_ibn_Yasir" title="Ammar ibn Yasir">Ammar ibn Yasir</a>, one of <a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a>'s early <a href="/wiki/Sahaba" class="mw-redirect" title="Sahaba">companions</a>. Although he dropped most of his inherited names, he retained Arafat due to its <a href="/wiki/Mount_Arafat" title="Mount Arafat">significance in Islam</a>.<a href="#cite_note-The_Making_of_a_Palestinian-19">[17]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rise_of_Fatah">Rise of Fatah</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Founding_of_Fatah">Founding of Fatah</h3></div> Following the <a href="/wiki/Suez_Crisis" title="Suez Crisis">Suez Crisis</a> in 1956, Egyptian president <a href="/wiki/Gamal_Abdel_Nasser" title="Gamal Abdel Nasser">Gamal Abdel Nasser</a> agreed to allow the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Emergency_Force" title="United Nations Emergency Force">United Nations Emergency Force</a> to establish itself in the <a href="/wiki/Sinai_Peninsula" title="Sinai Peninsula">Sinai Peninsula</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip" title="Gaza Strip">Gaza Strip</a>, precipitating the expulsion of all <a href="/wiki/Guerrilla" class="mw-redirect" title="Guerrilla">guerrilla</a> or "<a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Fedayeen" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian Fedayeen">fedayeen</a>" forces there—including Arafat. Arafat originally attempted to obtain a visa to Canada and later <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a>, but was unsuccessful in both attempts.<a href="#cite_note-The_Making_of_a_Palestinian-19">[17]</a> In 1957, he applied for a visa to <a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a> (at the time a British protectorate) and was approved, based on his work in civil engineering. There he encountered two Palestinian friends: <a href="/wiki/Salah_Khalaf" title="Salah Khalaf">Salah Khalaf</a> ("Abu Iyad") and <a href="/wiki/Khalil_al-Wazir" title="Khalil al-Wazir">Khalil al-Wazir</a> ("Abu Jihad"), both official members of the <a href="/wiki/Muslim_Brotherhood_(Egypt)" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim Brotherhood (Egypt)">Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood</a>. Arafat had met Abu Iyad while attending Cairo University and Abu Jihad in Gaza. Both would later become Arafat's top aides. Abu Iyad traveled with Arafat to Kuwait in late 1960; Abu Jihad, also working as a teacher, had already been living there since 1959.<a href="#cite_note-29">[27]</a> After settling in Kuwait, Abu Iyad helped Arafat obtain a temporary job as a schoolteacher.<a href="#cite_note-Fatah_and_Road_to_1967-30">[28]</a> As Arafat began to develop friendships with Palestinian refugees (some of whom he knew from his Cairo days), he and the others gradually founded the group that became known as <a href="/wiki/Fatah" title="Fatah">Fatah</a>. The exact date for the establishment of Fatah is unknown. In 1959, the group's existence was attested to in the pages of a Palestinian nationalist magazine, Filastununa Nida al-Hayat (Our Palestine, The Call of Life), which was written and edited by Abu Jihad.<a href="#cite_note-FatahF-31">[29]</a> FaTaH is a <a href="/wiki/Fatah#Etymology" title="Fatah">reverse acronym</a> of the Arabic name Harakat al-Tahrir al-Watani al-Filastini which translates into "The Palestinian National Liberation Movement".<a href="#cite_note-Fatah_and_Road_to_1967-30">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-32">[30]</a> "Fatah" is also a word that was used in early <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Caliphate" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic Caliphate">Islamic times</a> to refer to "conquest."<a href="#cite_note-Fatah_and_Road_to_1967-30">[28]</a> Fatah dedicated itself to the liberation of Palestine by an armed struggle carried out by Palestinians themselves. This differed from other Palestinian political and guerrilla organizations, most of which firmly believed in a united Arab response.<a href="#cite_note-Fatah_and_Road_to_1967-30">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-33">[31]</a> Arafat's organization never embraced the ideologies of the major Arab governments of the time, in contrast to other Palestinian factions, which often became satellites of nations such as Egypt, <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a>, Saudi Arabia, <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a> and others.<a href="#cite_note-34">[32]</a> In accordance with his ideology, Arafat generally refused to accept donations to his organization from major Arab governments, in order to act independently of them. He did not want to alienate them, and sought their undivided support by avoiding ideological alliances. However, to establish the groundwork for Fatah's future financial support, he enlisted contributions from the many wealthy Palestinians working in Kuwait and other <a href="/wiki/Arab_states_of_the_Persian_Gulf" title="Arab states of the Persian Gulf">Arab states of the Persian Gulf</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a> (where he met <a href="/wiki/Mahmoud_Abbas" title="Mahmoud Abbas">Mahmoud Abbas</a> in 1961).<a href="#cite_note-35">[33]</a> These businessmen and oil workers contributed generously to the Fatah organization. Arafat continued this process in other Arab countries, such as <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a> and Syria.<a href="#cite_note-Fatah_and_Road_to_1967-30">[28]</a> In 1962, Arafat and his closest companions migrated to Syria—a country sharing a border with Israel—which had recently seceded from its <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Republic" title="United Arab Republic">union with Egypt</a>. Fatah had approximately three hundred members by this time, but none were fighters.<a href="#cite_note-Fatah_and_Road_to_1967-30">[28]</a> In Syria, he managed to recruit members by offering them higher incomes to enable his armed attacks against Israel. Fatah's manpower was incremented further after Arafat decided to offer new recruits much higher salaries than members of the <a href="/wiki/Palestine_Liberation_Army" title="Palestine Liberation Army">Palestine Liberation Army</a> (PLA), the regular military force of the <a href="/wiki/Palestine_Liberation_Organization" title="Palestine Liberation Organization">Palestine Liberation Organization</a> (PLO), which was created by the <a href="/wiki/Arab_League" title="Arab League">Arab League</a> in 1964. On 31 December, a squad from <a href="/wiki/Al-Assifa" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Assifa">al-Assifa</a>, Fatah's armed wing, attempted to infiltrate Israel, but they were intercepted and detained by <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanese</a> security forces. Several other raids with Fatah's poorly trained and badly-equipped fighters followed this incident. Some were successful, others failed in their missions. Arafat often led these incursions personally.<a href="#cite_note-Fatah_and_Road_to_1967-30">[28]</a> Arafat was detained in Syria's <a href="/wiki/Mezzeh_Prison" class="mw-redirect" title="Mezzeh Prison">Mezzeh Prison</a> when a Palestinian Syrian Army officer, <a href="/wiki/Yusef_Urabi" title="Yusef Urabi">Yusef Urabi</a>, was killed. Urabi had been chairing a meeting to ease tensions between Arafat and <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Liberation_Front" title="Palestinian Liberation Front">Palestinian Liberation Front</a> leader <a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Jibril" title="Ahmed Jibril">Ahmed Jibril</a>, but neither Arafat nor Jibril attended, delegating representatives to attend on their behalf. Urabi was killed during or after the meeting amid disputed circumstances. On the orders of Defense Minister <a href="/wiki/Hafez_al-Assad" title="Hafez al-Assad">Hafez al-Assad</a>, a close friend of Urabi, Arafat was subsequently arrested, found guilty by a three-man jury and sentenced to death. However, he and his colleagues were pardoned by President <a href="/wiki/Salah_Jadid" title="Salah Jadid">Salah Jadid</a> shortly after the verdict.<a href="#cite_note-36">[34]</a> The incident brought Assad and Arafat to unpleasant terms, which would surface later when Assad became President of Syria.<a href="#cite_note-Fatah_and_Road_to_1967-30">[28]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Leader_of_the_Palestinians">Leader of the Palestinians</h3></div> On 13 November 1966, Israel launched a major raid against the <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordanian</a> administered <a href="/wiki/West_Bank" title="West Bank">West Bank</a> town of <a href="/wiki/As-Samu" title="As-Samu">as-Samu</a>, in response to a Fatah-implemented roadside bomb attack which had killed three members of the <a href="/wiki/Israeli_Security_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli Security Forces">Israeli security forces</a> near the southern <a href="/wiki/Green_Line_(Israel)" title="Green Line (Israel)">Green Line</a> border. In the resulting skirmish, scores of Jordanian security forces were killed and 125 homes razed. This raid was one of several factors that led to the 1967 <a href="/wiki/Six-Day_War" title="Six-Day War">Six-Day War</a>.<a href="#cite_note-37">[35]</a> The Six-Day war began when Israel launched air strikes against <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_Air_Force" title="Egyptian Air Force">Egypt's air force</a> on 5 June 1967. The war ended in an Arab defeat and Israel's occupation of several Arab territories, including the West Bank and <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip" title="Gaza Strip">Gaza Strip</a>. Although Nasser and his Arab allies had been defeated, Arafat and Fatah could claim a victory, in that the majority of Palestinians, who had up to that time tended to align and sympathize with individual Arab governments, now began to agree that a 'Palestinian' solution to their dilemma was indispensable.<a href="#cite_note-Consolidation_of_Power-38">[36]</a> Many primarily Palestinian political parties, including <a href="/wiki/George_Habash" title="George Habash">George Habash</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Arab_Nationalist_Movement" title="Arab Nationalist Movement">Arab Nationalist Movement</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Amin_al-Husayni" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohammad Amin al-Husayni">Hajj Amin al-Husseini</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Arab_Higher_Committee" title="Arab Higher Committee">Arab Higher Committee</a>, the Islamic Liberation Front and several Syrian-backed groups, virtually crumbled after their sponsor governments' defeat. Barely a week after the defeat, Arafat crossed the <a href="/wiki/Jordan_River" title="Jordan River">Jordan River</a> in disguise and entered the West Bank, where he set up recruitment centers in <a href="/wiki/Hebron" title="Hebron">Hebron</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a> area and <a href="/wiki/Nablus" title="Nablus">Nablus</a>, and began attracting both fighters and financiers for his cause.<a href="#cite_note-Consolidation_of_Power-38">[36]</a> At the same time, Nasser contacted Arafat through the former's adviser <a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Hassanein_Heikal" title="Mohamed Hassanein Heikal">Mohammed Heikal</a> and Arafat was declared by Nasser to be the "leader of the Palestinians."<a href="#cite_note-39">[37]</a> In December 1967 <a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Shukeiri" title="Ahmad Shukeiri">Ahmad Shukeiri</a> resigned his post as <a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Palestine_Liberation_Organization" title="Chairman of the Palestine Liberation Organization">PLO Chairman</a>. <a href="/wiki/Yahya_Hammuda" title="Yahya Hammuda">Yahya Hammuda</a> took his place and invited Arafat to join the organization. Fatah was allocated 33 of 105 seats of the <a href="/wiki/PLO_Executive_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="PLO Executive Committee">PLO Executive Committee</a> while 57 seats were left for several other <a href="/wiki/Guerrilla" class="mw-redirect" title="Guerrilla">guerrilla</a> factions.<a href="#cite_note-Consolidation_of_Power-38">[36]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Battle_of_Karameh">Battle of Karameh</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Karameh" title="Battle of Karameh">Battle of Karameh</a></div> Throughout 1968, Fatah and other Palestinian armed groups were the target of a major Israeli army operation in the Jordanian village of <a href="/wiki/Karameh" title="Karameh">Karameh</a>, where the Fatah headquarters—as well as a mid-sized <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_refugee_camps" title="Palestinian refugee camps">Palestinian refugee camp</a>—were located. The town's name is the <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a> word for 'dignity', which elevated its <a href="/wiki/Symbol" title="Symbol">symbolism</a> in the eyes of the <a href="/wiki/Arab" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab">Arab people</a>, especially after the collective Arab defeat in 1967. The operation was in response to attacks, including rockets strikes from Fatah and other Palestinian militias, within the Israeli-occupied West Bank. According to <a href="/wiki/Said_Aburish" title="Said Aburish">Said Aburish</a>, the government of Jordan and a number of Fatah commandos informed Arafat that large-scale Israeli military preparations for an attack on the town were underway, prompting fedayeen groups, such as George Habash's newly formed <a href="/wiki/Popular_Front_for_the_Liberation_of_Palestine" title="Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine">Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine</a> (PFLP) and <a href="/wiki/Nayef_Hawatmeh" title="Nayef Hawatmeh">Nayef Hawatmeh</a>'s breakaway organization the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Front_for_the_Liberation_of_Palestine" title="Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine">Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine</a> (DFLP), to withdraw their forces from the town. Though advised by a sympathetic <a href="/wiki/Royal_Jordanian_Land_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Jordanian Land Force">Jordanian Army</a> divisional commander to withdraw his men and headquarters to the nearby hills, Arafat refused,<a href="#cite_note-Consolidation_of_Power-38">[36]</a> stating, "We want to convince the world that there are those in the Arab world who will not withdraw or flee."<a href="#cite_note-Sayigh-40">[38]</a> Aburish writes that it was on Arafat's orders that Fatah remained, and that the Jordanian Army agreed to back them if heavy fighting ensued.<a href="#cite_note-Consolidation_of_Power-38">[36]</a> In response to persistent PLO raids against Israeli civilian targets, Israel <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Karameh" title="Battle of Karameh">attacked</a> the town of <a href="/wiki/Karameh" title="Karameh">Karameh</a>, Jordan, the site of a major PLO camp. The goal of the invasion was to destroy Karameh camp and capture Yasser Arafat in reprisal for the attacks by the PLO against Israeli civilians, which culminated in an Israeli school bus hitting a mine in the Negev, killing two children.<a href="#cite_note-41">[39]</a> However, plans for the two operations were prepared in 1967, one year before the bus attack.<a href="#cite_note-Debacle_in_the_desert-42">[40]</a> The size of the Israeli forces entering Karameh made the Jordanians assume that Israel was also planning to occupy the eastern bank of the Jordan River, including the <a href="/wiki/Balqa_Governorate" title="Balqa Governorate">Balqa Governorate</a>, to create a situation similar to the <a href="/wiki/Golan_Heights" title="Golan Heights">Golan Heights</a>, which Israel had captured just 10 months prior, to be used a bargaining chip.<a href="#cite_note-43">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-44">[42]</a> Israel assumed that the Jordanian Army would ignore the invasion, but the latter fought alongside the <a href="/wiki/Palestinians" title="Palestinians">Palestinians</a>, opening heavy fire that inflicted losses upon the Israeli forces.<a href="#cite_note-telegraph-45">[43]</a> This engagement marked the first known deployment of <a href="/wiki/Suicide_attack" title="Suicide attack">suicide bombers</a> by Palestinian forces.<a href="#cite_note-46">[44]</a> The Israelis were repelled at the end of a day's battle, having destroyed most of the Karameh camp and taken around 141 PLO prisoners.<a href="#cite_note-GUERRILLAS-47">[45]</a> Both sides declared victory. On a tactical level, the battle went in Israel's favor<a href="#cite_note-Zeev_Maoz_page_246-48">[46]</a> and the destruction of the Karameh camp was achieved.<a href="#cite_note-Herzog,_The_Arab-Israeli_Wars_page_205-49">[47]</a> However, the relatively high casualties were a considerable surprise for the Israel Defense Forces and was stunning to the Israelis.<a href="#cite_note-tuckerS-50">[48]</a> Although the Palestinians were not victorious on their own, King Hussein let the Palestinians take credit.<a href="#cite_note-tuckerS-50">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-51">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-assessment-52">[50]</a> Some have alleged that Arafat himself was on the battlefield, but the details of his involvement are unclear. However, his allies–as well as <a href="/wiki/Mossad" title="Mossad">Israeli intelligence</a>–confirm that he urged his men throughout the battle to hold their ground and continue fighting.<a href="#cite_note-53">[51]</a> The battle was covered in detail by <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a>, and Arafat's face appeared on the cover of the 13 December 1968 issue, bringing his image to the world for the first time.<a href="#cite_note-54">[52]</a> Amid the post-war environment, the profiles of Arafat and Fatah were raised by this important turning point, and he came to be regarded as a national hero who dared to confront Israel. With mass applause from the <a href="/wiki/Arab_world" title="Arab world">Arab world</a>, financial donations increased significantly, and Fatah's weaponry and equipment improved. The group's numbers swelled as many young Arabs, including thousands of non-Palestinians, joined the ranks of Fatah.<a href="#cite_note-55">[53]</a> When the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_National_Council" title="Palestinian National Council">Palestinian National Council</a> (PNC) convened in Cairo on 3 February 1969, <a href="/wiki/Yahya_Hammuda" title="Yahya Hammuda">Yahya Hammuda</a> stepped down from his chairmanship of the PLO. Arafat was elected chairman on 4 February.<a href="#cite_note-56">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-57">[55]</a> He became <a href="/wiki/Commander-in-Chief" class="mw-redirect" title="Commander-in-Chief">Commander-in-Chief</a> of the Palestinian Revolutionary Forces two years later, and in 1973, became the head of the PLO's political department.<a href="#cite_note-Consolidation_of_Power-38">[36]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Confrontation_with_Jordan">Confrontation with Jordan</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Black_September" title="Black September">Black September</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Arafat_in_Jordan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Arafat_in_Jordan.jpg/220px-Arafat_in_Jordan.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Arafat_in_Jordan.jpg/330px-Arafat_in_Jordan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Arafat_in_Jordan.jpg/440px-Arafat_in_Jordan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="331" /></a><figcaption>Arafat with <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Front_for_the_Liberation_of_Palestine" title="Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine">Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine</a> leader, <a href="/wiki/Nayef_Hawatmeh" title="Nayef Hawatmeh">Nayef Hawatmeh</a> and Palestinian writer <a href="/wiki/Kamal_Nasser" title="Kamal Nasser">Kamal Nasser</a> at press conference in <a href="/wiki/Amman" title="Amman">Amman</a>, 1970</figcaption></figure> In the late 1960s, tensions between Palestinians and the Jordanian government increased greatly; heavily armed Palestinian elements had created a virtual "state within a state" in Jordan, eventually controlling several strategic positions in that country. After their proclaimed victory in the Battle of Karameh, Fatah and other Palestinian militias began taking control of civil life in Jordan. They set up roadblocks, publicly humiliated Jordanian police forces, molested women and levied illegal taxes—all of which Arafat either condoned or ignored.<a href="#cite_note-Sayigh-40">[38]</a> <a href="/wiki/Hussein_of_Jordan" title="Hussein of Jordan">King Hussein</a> considered this a growing threat to his kingdom's sovereignty and security, and attempted to disarm the militias. However, in order to avoid a military confrontation with opposition forces, Hussein dismissed several of his anti-PLO cabinet officials, including some of his own family members, and invited Arafat to become Deputy <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Jordan" title="Prime Minister of Jordan">Prime Minister of Jordan</a>. Arafat refused, citing his belief in the need for a <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_state" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian state">Palestinian state</a> with Palestinian leadership.<a href="#cite_note-Black_September-58">[56]</a> Despite Hussein's intervention, militant actions in Jordan continued. On 15 September 1970, the <a href="/wiki/Popular_Front_for_the_Liberation_of_Palestine" title="Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine">PFLP</a> (part of the PLO) hijacked four planes and landed three of them at <a href="/wiki/Dawson%27s_Field_hijackings" title="Dawson's Field hijackings">Dawson's Field</a>, located 30 miles (48 km) east of <a href="/wiki/Amman" title="Amman">Amman</a>. After the foreign national hostages were taken off the planes and moved away from them, three of the planes were blown up in front of international press, which took photos of the explosion. This tarnished Arafat's image in many western nations, including the United States, who held him responsible for controlling Palestinian factions that belonged to the PLO. Arafat, bowing to pressure from Arab governments, publicly condemned the hijackings and suspended the PFLP from any guerrilla actions for a few weeks. He had taken the same action after the PFLP attacked <a href="/wiki/Athens_International_Airport" title="Athens International Airport">Athens Airport</a>. The Jordanian government moved to regain control over its territory, and the next day, King Hussein declared <a href="/wiki/Martial_law" title="Martial law">martial law</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Black_September-58">[56]</a> On the same day, Arafat became supreme commander of the <a href="/wiki/Palestine_Liberation_Army" title="Palestine Liberation Army">PLA</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Jordan-59">[57]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nasser_brokering_ceasefire_with_Chairman_Arafat_and_King_Hussein.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Nasser_brokering_ceasefire_with_Chairman_Arafat_and_King_Hussein.jpg/220px-Nasser_brokering_ceasefire_with_Chairman_Arafat_and_King_Hussein.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Nasser_brokering_ceasefire_with_Chairman_Arafat_and_King_Hussein.jpg/330px-Nasser_brokering_ceasefire_with_Chairman_Arafat_and_King_Hussein.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Nasser_brokering_ceasefire_with_Chairman_Arafat_and_King_Hussein.jpg/440px-Nasser_brokering_ceasefire_with_Chairman_Arafat_and_King_Hussein.jpg 2x" data-file-width="683" data-file-height="370" /></a><figcaption>Egyptian President <a href="/wiki/Gamal_Abdel_Nasser" title="Gamal Abdel Nasser">Gamal Abdel Nasser</a> (center) mediating an agreement between Arafat and Jordanian <a href="/wiki/Hussein_of_Jordan" title="Hussein of Jordan">King Hussein</a> to end to the <a href="/wiki/Black_September_in_Jordan" class="mw-redirect" title="Black September in Jordan">Black September</a> conflict, during the <a href="/wiki/1970_Arab_League_summit" title="1970 Arab League summit">emergency Arab League summit</a>, September 1970 </figcaption></figure> As <a href="/wiki/Black_September" title="Black September">the conflict raged</a>, other Arab governments attempted to negotiate a peaceful resolution. As part of this effort, Gamal Abdel Nasser led the first emergency <a href="/wiki/1970_Arab_League_summit" title="1970 Arab League summit">Arab League summit in Cairo</a> on 21 September. Arafat's speech drew sympathy from attending Arab leaders. Other heads of state took sides against Hussein, among them <a href="/wiki/Muammar_Gaddafi" title="Muammar Gaddafi">Muammar Gaddafi</a>, who mocked him and his schizophrenic father <a href="/wiki/Talal_of_Jordan" title="Talal of Jordan">King Talal</a>. A ceasefire was agreed upon between the two sides, but Nasser died of a massive heart attack hours after the summit, and the conflict resumed shortly afterward.<a href="#cite_note-Black_September-58">[56]</a> By 25 September, the Jordanian Army achieved dominance, and two days later Arafat and Hussein agreed to a ceasefire in Amman. The Jordanian Army inflicted heavy casualties on the Palestinians—including civilians—who suffered approximately 3,500 fatalities.<a href="#cite_note-Jordan-59">[57]</a> After repeated violations of the ceasefire from both the PLO and the Jordanian Army, Arafat called for King Hussein to be toppled. Responding to the threat, in June 1971, Hussein ordered his forces to oust all remaining Palestinian fighters in northern Jordan, which they accomplished. Arafat and a number of his forces, including two high-ranking commanders, <a href="/wiki/Abu_Iyad" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu Iyad">Abu Iyad</a> and <a href="/wiki/Abu_Jihad" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu Jihad">Abu Jihad</a>, were forced into the northern corner of Jordan. They relocated near the town of <a href="/wiki/Jerash" title="Jerash">Jerash</a>, near the border with Syria. With the help of <a href="/wiki/Munib_Masri" class="mw-redirect" title="Munib Masri">Munib Masri</a>, a pro-Palestinian Jordanian cabinet member, and Fahd al-Khomeimi, the Saudi ambassador to Jordan, Arafat managed to enter Syria with nearly two thousand of his fighters. However, due to the hostility of relations between Arafat and Syrian President <a href="/wiki/Hafez_al-Assad" title="Hafez al-Assad">Hafez al-Assad</a> (who had since ousted President <a href="/wiki/Salah_Jadid" title="Salah Jadid">Salah Jadid</a>), the Palestinian fighters crossed the border into Lebanon to join PLO forces in that country, where they set up their new headquarters.<a href="#cite_note-Mahran-60">[58]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Headquarters_in_Lebanon">Headquarters in Lebanon</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Official_recognition">Official recognition</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-K1102-032,_Berlin,_Brandenburger_Tor,_Yasser_Arafat.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-K1102-032%2C_Berlin%2C_Brandenburger_Tor%2C_Yasser_Arafat.jpg/220px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-K1102-032%2C_Berlin%2C_Brandenburger_Tor%2C_Yasser_Arafat.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-K1102-032%2C_Berlin%2C_Brandenburger_Tor%2C_Yasser_Arafat.jpg/330px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-K1102-032%2C_Berlin%2C_Brandenburger_Tor%2C_Yasser_Arafat.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-K1102-032%2C_Berlin%2C_Brandenburger_Tor%2C_Yasser_Arafat.jpg/440px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-K1102-032%2C_Berlin%2C_Brandenburger_Tor%2C_Yasser_Arafat.jpg 2x" data-file-width="794" data-file-height="613" /></a><figcaption>Yasser Arafat visits East Germany in 1971; background: <a href="/wiki/Brandenburg_Gate" title="Brandenburg Gate">Brandenburg Gate</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bhim_Singh_and_Yasser_Arafat_in_Syria.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Bhim_Singh_and_Yasser_Arafat_in_Syria.jpg/220px-Bhim_Singh_and_Yasser_Arafat_in_Syria.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Bhim_Singh_and_Yasser_Arafat_in_Syria.jpg/330px-Bhim_Singh_and_Yasser_Arafat_in_Syria.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Bhim_Singh_and_Yasser_Arafat_in_Syria.jpg/440px-Bhim_Singh_and_Yasser_Arafat_in_Syria.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3507" data-file-height="2480" /></a><figcaption>Yasser Arafat with <a href="/wiki/Bhim_Singh_(politician)" title="Bhim Singh (politician)">Bhim Singh</a>, founder of <a href="/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_National_Panthers_Party" title="Jammu and Kashmir National Panthers Party">Jammu and Kashmir National Panthers Party</a>, in the 1970s</figcaption></figure> Because of Lebanon's weak central government, the PLO was able to operate virtually as an independent state.<a href="#cite_note-61">[59]</a> During this time in the 1970s, numerous <a href="/wiki/Left-wing_politics" title="Left-wing politics">leftist</a> PLO groups took up arms against Israel, carrying out attacks against civilians as well as military targets within Israel and outside of it.<a href="#cite_note-62">[60]</a> Two major incidents occurred in 1972. The Fatah subgroup <a href="/wiki/Black_September_Organization" title="Black September Organization">Black September Organization</a> hijacked <a href="/wiki/Sabena_Flight_572" class="mw-redirect" title="Sabena Flight 572">Sabena Flight 572</a> en route to <a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a> and forced it to land at the <a href="/wiki/Ben_Gurion_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Ben Gurion International Airport">Ben Gurion International Airport</a> in Israel.<a href="#cite_note-PLO_terrorist_attacks-63">[61]</a> The PFLP and the <a href="/wiki/Japanese_Red_Army" title="Japanese Red Army">Japanese Red Army</a> carried out a <a href="/wiki/Lod_Airport_massacre" title="Lod Airport massacre">shooting rampage at the same airport</a>, killing twenty-four civilians.<a href="#cite_note-PLO_terrorist_attacks-63">[61]</a><a href="#cite_note-64">[62]</a> Israel later claimed that the assassination of PFLP spokesman <a href="/wiki/Ghassan_Kanafani" title="Ghassan Kanafani">Ghassan Kanafani</a> was a response to the PFLP's involvement in masterminding the latter attack. Two days later, various PLO factions retaliated by bombing a bus station, killing eleven civilians.<a href="#cite_note-PLO_terrorist_attacks-63">[61]</a> At the <a href="/wiki/1972_Summer_Olympics" title="1972 Summer Olympics">Munich Olympic Games</a>, Black September kidnapped and killed eleven Israeli athletes.<a href="#cite_note-65">[63]</a> A number of sources, including <a href="/wiki/Abu_Daoud" title="Abu Daoud">Mohammed Oudeh</a> (Abu Daoud), one of the masterminds of the <a href="/wiki/Munich_massacre" title="Munich massacre">Munich massacre</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Benny_Morris" title="Benny Morris">Benny Morris</a>, a prominent Israeli historian, have stated that Black September was an armed branch of Fatah used for paramilitary operations. According to Abu Daoud's 1999 book, "Arafat was briefed on plans for the Munich hostage-taking."<a href="#cite_note-66">[64]</a> The killings were internationally condemned. In 1973–74, Arafat closed Black September down, ordering the PLO to withdraw from acts of violence outside Israel, the West Bank and Gaza Strip.<a href="#cite_note-67">[65]</a> In 1974, the PNC approved the <a href="/wiki/PLO%27s_Ten_Point_Program" title="PLO's Ten Point Program">Ten Point Program</a> (drawn up by Arafat and his advisers), and proposed a compromise with the Israelis. It called for a Palestinian national authority over every part of "liberated" Palestinian territory,<a href="#cite_note-68">[66]</a> which refers to areas captured by Arab forces in the 1948 Arab–Israeli War (present-day West Bank, <a href="/wiki/East_Jerusalem" title="East Jerusalem">East Jerusalem</a> and Gaza Strip). This caused discontent among several of the PLO factions; the PFLP, DFLP and other parties formed a breakaway organization, the <a href="/wiki/Rejectionist_Front" title="Rejectionist Front">Rejectionist Front</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Recognition-69">[67]</a> Israel and the US have alleged also that Arafat was involved in the <a href="/wiki/1973_Khartoum_diplomatic_assassinations" class="mw-redirect" title="1973 Khartoum diplomatic assassinations">1973 Khartoum diplomatic assassinations</a>, in which five diplomats and five others were killed. A 1973 <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_State" title="United States Department of State">United States Department of State</a> document, declassified in 2006, concluded "The Khartoum operation was planned and carried out with the full knowledge and personal approval of Yasser Arafat."<a href="#cite_note-70">[68]</a><a href="#cite_note-71">[69]</a> Arafat denied any involvement in the operation and insisted it was carried out independently by the Black September Organization. Israel claimed that Arafat was in ultimate control over these organizations and therefore had not abandoned terrorism.<a href="#cite_note-Rejectionists-72">[70]</a> In addition, some circles within the US State Department viewed Arafat as an able diplomat and negotiator who could get support from many Arab governments at once. An example of that, we find in March 1973 that Arafat tried to arrange for a meeting between the President of Iraq and the Emir of Kuwait in order to resolve their disputes.<a href="#cite_note-73">[71]</a> Also in 1974, the PLO was declared the "sole legitimate representative of the Palestinian people" and admitted to full membership of the Arab League at the <a href="/wiki/1974_Arab_League_summit" title="1974 Arab League summit">Rabat Summit</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Recognition-69">[67]</a> Arafat became the first representative of a non-governmental organization to address a <a href="/wiki/Plenary_session" title="Plenary session">plenary session</a> of the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly" title="United Nations General Assembly">UN General Assembly</a>. In his United Nations address, Arafat condemned Zionism, but said: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">Today I have come bearing an olive branch in one hand and a freedom fighter's rifle in another. Do not let the green branch fall from my hand.<a href="#cite_note-74">[72]</a></blockquote> He wore a <a href="/wiki/Holster" class="mw-redirect" title="Holster">holster</a> throughout his speech, although it did not contain a gun.<a href="#cite_note-75">[73]</a><a href="#cite_note-'70s_319-76">[74]</a> His speech increased international sympathy for the Palestinian cause.<a href="#cite_note-Recognition-69">[67]</a> Following recognition, Arafat established relationships with a variety of world leaders, including <a href="/wiki/Saddam_Hussein" title="Saddam Hussein">Saddam Hussein</a> and <a href="/wiki/Idi_Amin" title="Idi Amin">Idi Amin</a>. Arafat was Amin's best man at his wedding in <a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a> in 1975.<a href="#cite_note-77">[75]</a><a href="#cite_note-78">[76]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fatah_involvement_in_Lebanese_Civil_War">Fatah involvement in Lebanese Civil War</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Lebanese_Civil_War" title="Lebanese Civil War">Lebanese Civil War</a> and <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tripoli_(1983)" title="Battle of Tripoli (1983)">Battle of Tripoli (1983)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Arafat_in_Lebanon.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Arafat_in_Lebanon.jpg/170px-Arafat_in_Lebanon.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="239" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Arafat_in_Lebanon.jpg/255px-Arafat_in_Lebanon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/61/Arafat_in_Lebanon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="317" data-file-height="445" /></a><figcaption>Arafat in a Palestinian refugee camp in <a href="/wiki/Southern_Lebanon" title="Southern Lebanon">Southern Lebanon</a>, 1978</figcaption></figure> Although hesitant at first to take sides in the conflict, Arafat and Fatah played an important role in the <a href="/wiki/Lebanese_Civil_War" title="Lebanese Civil War">Lebanese Civil War</a>. Succumbing to pressure from PLO sub-groups such as the PFLP, DFLP and the <a href="/wiki/Palestine_Liberation_Front" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestine Liberation Front">Palestine Liberation Front</a> (PLF), Arafat aligned the PLO with the Communist and <a href="/wiki/Nasserism" title="Nasserism">Nasserist</a> <a href="/wiki/Lebanese_National_Movement" title="Lebanese National Movement">Lebanese National Movement</a> (LNM). The LNM was led by <a href="/wiki/Kamal_Jumblatt" title="Kamal Jumblatt">Kamal Jumblatt</a>, who had a friendly relationship with Arafat and other PLO leaders. Although originally aligned with Fatah, <a href="/wiki/List_of_Presidents_of_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Presidents of Syria">Syrian President</a> <a href="/wiki/Hafez_al-Assad" title="Hafez al-Assad">Hafez al-Assad</a> feared a loss of influence in Lebanon and switched sides. He sent his army, along with the Syrian-backed Palestinian factions of <a href="/wiki/As-Sa%27iqa" title="As-Sa'iqa">as-Sa'iqa</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Popular_Front_for_the_Liberation_of_Palestine_%E2%80%93_General_Command" title="Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine – General Command">Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine – General Command</a> (PFLP-GC) led by <a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Jibril" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahmad Jibril">Ahmad Jibril</a> to fight alongside right-wing Christian forces against the PLO and the LNM. The primary components of the Christian front were the <a href="/wiki/Kataeb_Party" title="Kataeb Party">Phalangists</a> loyal to <a href="/wiki/Bachir_Gemayel" title="Bachir Gemayel">Bachir Gemayel</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Tigers_Militia_(Lebanon)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tigers Militia (Lebanon)">Tigers Militia</a> led by <a href="/wiki/Dany_Chamoun" title="Dany Chamoun">Dany Chamoun</a>, a son of former President <a href="/wiki/Camille_Chamoun" title="Camille Chamoun">Camille Chamoun</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Lebanese_Civil_War-79">[77]</a> In February 1975, a pro-Palestinian Lebanese MP, <a href="/wiki/Maarouf_Saad" title="Maarouf Saad">Maarouf Saad</a>, was shot and killed, reportedly by the <a href="/wiki/Lebanese_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Lebanese Army">Lebanese Army</a>.<a href="#cite_note-80">[78]</a> His death from his wounds, the following month, and the <a href="/wiki/Bus_massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="Bus massacre">massacre in April</a> of 27 Palestinians and Lebanese travelling on a bus from <a href="/wiki/Shatila_refugee_camp" title="Shatila refugee camp">Sabra and Shatila</a> to the Tel al-Zaatar refugee camp by Phalangist forces precipitated the Lebanese Civil War.<a href="#cite_note-Chomsky-81">[79]</a> Arafat was reluctant to respond with force, but many other Fatah and PLO members felt otherwise.<a href="#cite_note-Sayigh-40">[38]</a> For example, the DFLP carried out several attacks against the <a href="/wiki/Lebanese_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Lebanese Army">Lebanese Army</a>. In 1976, an alliance of Christian militias with the backing of the Lebanese and <a href="/wiki/Syrian_Army" title="Syrian Army">Syrian</a> armies besieged Tel al-Zaatar camp in east <a href="/wiki/Beirut" title="Beirut">Beirut</a>.<a href="#cite_note-LAA-82">[80]</a><a href="#cite_note-Harris-83">[81]</a> The PLO and LNM retaliated by attacking the town of <a href="/wiki/Damour_massacre" title="Damour massacre">Damour</a>, a Phalangist stronghold where they massacred 684 people and wounded many more.<a href="#cite_note-LAA-82">[80]</a><a href="#cite_note-Nisan,_2003-84">[82]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Tel_al-Zaatar_massacre" title="Tel al-Zaatar massacre">Tel al-Zaatar camp fell</a> to the Christians after a six-month siege in which thousands of Palestinians, mostly civilians, were killed.<a href="#cite_note-85">[83]</a> Arafat and Abu Jihad blamed themselves for not successfully organizing a rescue effort.<a href="#cite_note-Lebanese_Civil_War-79">[77]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Arafat_Darwish_Habash.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Arafat_Darwish_Habash.jpg/220px-Arafat_Darwish_Habash.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Arafat_Darwish_Habash.jpg/330px-Arafat_Darwish_Habash.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/68/Arafat_Darwish_Habash.jpg 2x" data-file-width="440" data-file-height="264" /></a><figcaption>Arafat with Palestinian poet <a href="/wiki/Mahmoud_Darwish" title="Mahmoud Darwish">Mahmoud Darwish</a> (center) and PFLP leader <a href="/wiki/George_Habash" title="George Habash">George Habash</a> (right) in <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a>, 1980</figcaption></figure> PLO cross-border raids against Israel grew during the late 1970s. One of the most severe—known as the <a href="/wiki/Coastal_Road_massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="Coastal Road massacre">Coastal Road massacre</a>—occurred on 11 March 1978. A force of nearly a dozen Fatah fighters landed their boats near a major coastal road connecting the city of <a href="/wiki/Haifa" title="Haifa">Haifa</a> with <a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv-Yafo" class="mw-redirect" title="Tel Aviv-Yafo">Tel Aviv-Yafo</a>. There they hijacked a bus and sprayed gunfire inside and at passing vehicles, killing thirty-seven civilians.<a href="#cite_note-86">[84]</a> In response, the IDF launched <a href="/wiki/1978_South_Lebanon_conflict" title="1978 South Lebanon conflict">Operation Litani</a> three days later, with the goal of taking control of Southern Lebanon up to the <a href="/wiki/Litani_River" title="Litani River">Litani River</a>. The IDF achieved this goal, and Arafat withdrew PLO forces north into Beirut.<a href="#cite_note-87">[85]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sabaghian_Bazargan_Arafat_Sahabi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Sabaghian_Bazargan_Arafat_Sahabi.jpg/220px-Sabaghian_Bazargan_Arafat_Sahabi.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Sabaghian_Bazargan_Arafat_Sahabi.jpg/330px-Sabaghian_Bazargan_Arafat_Sahabi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3d/Sabaghian_Bazargan_Arafat_Sahabi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="420" data-file-height="303" /></a><figcaption>Arafat with <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Iran" title="Prime Minister of Iran">Iranian Prime Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Mehdi_Bazargan" title="Mehdi Bazargan">Mehdi Bazargan</a>, days after <a href="/wiki/Iranian_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranian Revolution">Iranian Revolution</a></figcaption></figure> After Israel withdrew from Lebanon, cross-border hostilities between PLO forces and Israel continued, though from August 1981 to May 1982, the PLO adopted an official policy of refraining from responding to provocations.<a href="#cite_note-88">[86]</a> On 6 June 1982, Israel launched <a href="/wiki/1982_Lebanon_War" title="1982 Lebanon War">an invasion of Lebanon</a> to expel the PLO from southern Lebanon. <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Beirut" title="Siege of Beirut">Beirut was soon besieged</a> and bombarded by the IDF;<a href="#cite_note-Lebanese_Civil_War-79">[77]</a> Arafat declared the city to be the "<a href="/wiki/Hanoi" title="Hanoi">Hanoi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Stalingrad" title="Battle of Stalingrad">Stalingrad</a> of the Israeli army."<a href="#cite_note-Lebanese_Civil_War-79">[77]</a> The Civil War's first phase ended and Arafat—who was commanding Fatah forces at Tel al-Zaatar—narrowly escaped with assistance from Saudi and Kuwaiti diplomats.<a href="#cite_note-89">[87]</a> Towards the end of the siege, the US and European governments brokered an agreement guaranteeing safe passage for Arafat and the PLO—guarded by a multinational force of eight hundred <a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps" title="United States Marine Corps">US Marines</a> supported by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">United States Navy</a>—to exile in <a href="/wiki/Tunis" title="Tunis">Tunis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Lebanese_Civil_War-79">[77]</a> During the war, Arafat took measures to protect the Lebanese Jewish community.<a href="#cite_note-Starr2021-90">[88]</a> He ordered the PLO fighters to guard the <a href="/wiki/Maghen_Abraham_Synagogue" title="Maghen Abraham Synagogue">Maghen Abraham Synagogue</a> of Beirut and deliver food to affected Jewish families.<a href="#cite_note-Starr2021-90">[88]</a> After Arafat left Lebanon, the synagogue's protection went in hands of <a href="/wiki/Kataeb_Party" title="Kataeb Party">Phalangists</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Starr2021-90">[88]</a> Arafat returned to Lebanon a year after his eviction from Beirut, this time establishing himself in the northern Lebanese city of <a href="/wiki/Tripoli,_Lebanon" title="Tripoli, Lebanon">Tripoli</a>. This time Arafat was expelled by a fellow Palestinian working under <a href="/wiki/Hafez_al-Assad" title="Hafez al-Assad">Hafez al-Assad</a>. Arafat did not return to Lebanon after his second expulsion, though many Fatah fighters did.<a href="#cite_note-Lebanese_Civil_War-79">[77]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Headquarters_in_Tunisia">Headquarters in Tunisia</h2></div> Arafat and Fatah's center for operations was based in Tunis, the capital of <a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a>, until 1993. In 1985 Arafat narrowly survived an Israeli assassination attempt when <a href="/wiki/Israeli_Air_Force" title="Israeli Air Force">Israeli Air Force</a> <a href="/wiki/F-15E_Strike_Eagle" class="mw-redirect" title="F-15E Strike Eagle">F-15s</a> bombed his Tunis headquarters as part of <a href="/wiki/Operation_Wooden_Leg" title="Operation Wooden Leg">Operation Wooden Leg</a>, leaving 73 people dead; Arafat had gone out jogging that morning.<a href="#cite_note-91">[89]</a> The following year Arafat had his operational headquarters in <a href="/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad">Baghdad</a> for some time.<a href="#cite_note-92">[90]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="First_Intifada">First Intifada</h3></div> During the 1980s, Arafat received financial assistance from Libya, Iraq and Saudi Arabia, which allowed him to reconstruct the badly damaged PLO. This was particularly useful during the <a href="/wiki/First_Intifada" title="First Intifada">First Intifada</a> in December 1987, which began as an uprising of Palestinians against the Israeli occupation of the West Bank and Gaza Strip. The word Intifada in Arabic is literally translated as "tremor"; however, it is generally defined as an uprising or revolt.<a href="#cite_note-Intifada-93">[91]</a> The first stage of the Intifada began following an incident at the <a href="/wiki/Erez_Crossing" title="Erez Crossing">Erez checkpoint</a> where four Palestinian residents of the <a href="/wiki/Jabalya_refugee_camp" class="mw-redirect" title="Jabalya refugee camp">Jabalya refugee camp</a> were killed in a traffic accident involving an Israeli driver. Rumors spread that the deaths were a deliberate act of revenge for an Israeli shopper who was stabbed to death by a Palestinian in Gaza four days earlier. Mass rioting broke out, and within weeks, partly upon consistent requests by Abu Jihad, Arafat attempted to direct the uprising, which lasted until 1992–93. Abu Jihad had previously been assigned the responsibility of the Palestinian territories within the PLO command and, according to biographer <a href="/wiki/Said_Aburish" title="Said Aburish">Said Aburish</a>, had "impressive knowledge of local conditions" in the <a href="/wiki/Israeli-occupied_territories" title="Israeli-occupied territories">Israeli-occupied territories</a>. On 16 April 1988, as the Intifada was raging, Abu Jihad was <a href="/wiki/Tunis_Raid" class="mw-redirect" title="Tunis Raid">assassinated in his Tunis household</a> by an Israeli hit squad. Arafat had considered Abu Jihad as a PLO counterweight to local Palestinian leadership in the territories, and led a funeral procession for him in <a href="/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus">Damascus</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Intifada-93">[91]</a> The most common tactic used by Palestinians during the Intifada was throwing stones, <a href="/wiki/Molotov_cocktails" class="mw-redirect" title="Molotov cocktails">molotov cocktails</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Burning_tires" class="mw-redirect" title="Burning tires">burning tires</a>.<a href="#cite_note-94">[92]</a> The local leadership in some West Bank towns commenced non-violent protests against Israeli occupation by engaging in <a href="/wiki/Beit_Sahour#Tax_resistance" title="Beit Sahour">tax resistance</a> and other boycotts. Israel responded by confiscating large sums of money in house-to-house raids.<a href="#cite_note-Intifada-93">[91]</a><a href="#cite_note-95">[93]</a> As the Intifada came to a close, new armed Palestinian groups—in particular <a href="/wiki/Hamas" title="Hamas">Hamas</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Islamic_Jihad" title="Palestinian Islamic Jihad">Palestinian Islamic Jihad</a> (PIJ)—began targeting Israeli civilians with the new tactic of <a href="/wiki/List_of_Palestinian_suicide_attacks" title="List of Palestinian suicide attacks">suicide bombings</a>, and internal fighting amongst the Palestinians increased dramatically.<a href="#cite_note-Intifada-93">[91]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Change_in_direction">Change in direction</h3></div> In August 1970, Arafat declared: "Our basic aim is to liberate the land from the Mediterranean Sea to the Jordan River. We are not concerned with what took place in June 1967 or in eliminating the consequences of the June war. The Palestinian revolution's basic concern is the uprooting of the Zionist entity from our land and liberating it."<a href="#cite_note-96">[94]</a> However, in early 1976, at a meeting with US Senator <a href="/wiki/Adlai_Stevenson_III" title="Adlai Stevenson III">Adlai Stevenson III</a>, Arafat suggested that if Israel withdrew a "few kilometers" from parts of the West Bank and the Gaza Strip and transferred responsibility to the UN, Arafat could give "something to show his people before he could acknowledge Israel's right to exist".<a href="#cite_note-97">[95]</a> On 15 November 1988, the PLO proclaimed the independent <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_State_of_Palestine" title="History of the State of Palestine">State of Palestine</a>. Though he had frequently been accused of and associated with terrorism,<a href="#cite_note-98">[96]</a><a href="#cite_note-99">[97]</a><a href="#cite_note-100">[98]</a> in speeches on 13 and 14 December Arafat repudiated 'terrorism in all its forms, including <a href="/wiki/State_terrorism" title="State terrorism">state terrorism</a>'. He accepted <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_242" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 242">UN Security Council Resolution 242</a> and Israel's right "to exist in peace and security" and<a href="#cite_note-101">[99]</a> Arafat's statements were greeted with approval by the US administration, which had long insisted on these statements as a necessary starting point for official discussions between the US and the PLO. These remarks from Arafat indicated a shift away from one of the PLO's primary aims—the destruction of Israel (as entailed in the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_National_Covenant" title="Palestinian National Covenant">Palestinian National Covenant</a>)–and toward the establishment of two separate entities: an Israeli state within the 1949 armistice lines, and an Arab state in the West Bank and the Gaza Strip. On 2 April 1989, Arafat was elected by the Central Council of the Palestine National Council, the governing body of the PLO, to be the president of the proclaimed State of Palestine.<a href="#cite_note-Intifada-93">[91]</a> Prior to the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_War" title="Gulf War">Gulf War</a> in 1990–91, when the Intifada's intensity began to wear down, Arafat supported <a href="/wiki/Saddam_Hussein" title="Saddam Hussein">Saddam Hussein</a>'s invasion of <a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a> and opposed the US-led coalition attack on Iraq. He made this decision without the consent of other leading members of Fatah and the PLO. Arafat's top aide Abu Iyad vowed to stay neutral and opposed an alliance with Saddam; on 17 January 1991, Abu Iyad was assassinated by the <a href="/wiki/Abu_Nidal" title="Abu Nidal">Abu Nidal Organization</a>. Arafat's decision also severed relations with Egypt and many of the oil-producing Arab states that supported the US-led coalition. Many in the US also used Arafat's position as a reason to disregard his claims to being a partner for peace. After the end of hostilities, many Arab states that backed the coalition cut off funds to the PLO and began providing financial support for the organization's rival Hamas and other Islamist groups.<a href="#cite_note-Intifada-93">[91]</a> Arafat narrowly escaped death again on 7 April 1992, when an <a href="/wiki/Air_Bissau" title="Air Bissau">Air Bissau</a> aircraft he was a passenger on crash-landed in the <a href="/wiki/Libyan_Desert" title="Libyan Desert">Libyan Desert</a> during a sandstorm. Two pilots and an engineer were killed; Arafat was bruised and shaken.<a href="#cite_note-102">[100]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Palestinian_Authority_and_peace_negotiations">Palestinian Authority and peace negotiations</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_views_on_the_peace_process#Yasser_Arafat_and_the_PLO" title="Palestinian views on the peace process">Palestinian views on the peace process § Yasser Arafat and the PLO</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Oslo_Accords">Oslo Accords</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bill_Clinton,_Yitzhak_Rabin,_Yasser_Arafat_at_the_White_House_1993-09-13.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Bill_Clinton%2C_Yitzhak_Rabin%2C_Yasser_Arafat_at_the_White_House_1993-09-13.jpg/220px-Bill_Clinton%2C_Yitzhak_Rabin%2C_Yasser_Arafat_at_the_White_House_1993-09-13.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Bill_Clinton%2C_Yitzhak_Rabin%2C_Yasser_Arafat_at_the_White_House_1993-09-13.jpg/330px-Bill_Clinton%2C_Yitzhak_Rabin%2C_Yasser_Arafat_at_the_White_House_1993-09-13.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Bill_Clinton%2C_Yitzhak_Rabin%2C_Yasser_Arafat_at_the_White_House_1993-09-13.jpg/440px-Bill_Clinton%2C_Yitzhak_Rabin%2C_Yasser_Arafat_at_the_White_House_1993-09-13.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1320" data-file-height="880" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Rabin" title="Yitzhak Rabin">Yitzhak Rabin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a>, and Arafat during the <a href="/wiki/Oslo_Accords" title="Oslo Accords">Oslo Accords</a> on 13 September 1993</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flickr_-_Government_Press_Office_(GPO)_-_THE_NOBEL_PEACE_PRIZE_LAUREATES_FOR_1994_IN_OSLO..jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flickr_-_Government_Press_Office_%28GPO%29_-_THE_NOBEL_PEACE_PRIZE_LAUREATES_FOR_1994_IN_OSLO..jpg/220px-Flickr_-_Government_Press_Office_%28GPO%29_-_THE_NOBEL_PEACE_PRIZE_LAUREATES_FOR_1994_IN_OSLO..jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flickr_-_Government_Press_Office_%28GPO%29_-_THE_NOBEL_PEACE_PRIZE_LAUREATES_FOR_1994_IN_OSLO..jpg/330px-Flickr_-_Government_Press_Office_%28GPO%29_-_THE_NOBEL_PEACE_PRIZE_LAUREATES_FOR_1994_IN_OSLO..jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flickr_-_Government_Press_Office_%28GPO%29_-_THE_NOBEL_PEACE_PRIZE_LAUREATES_FOR_1994_IN_OSLO..jpg/440px-Flickr_-_Government_Press_Office_%28GPO%29_-_THE_NOBEL_PEACE_PRIZE_LAUREATES_FOR_1994_IN_OSLO..jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>Arafat, <a href="/wiki/Shimon_Peres" title="Shimon Peres">Shimon Peres</a> and Rabin receiving the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="Nobel Peace Prize">Nobel Peace Prize</a> following the <a href="/wiki/Oslo_Accords" title="Oslo Accords">Oslo Accords</a>, 10 December 1994</figcaption></figure> In the early 1990s, Arafat and leading Fatah officials engaged the Israeli government in a series of secret talks and negotiations that led to the <a href="/wiki/Oslo_Accords" title="Oslo Accords">1993 Oslo Accords</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Rejectionists-72">[70]</a><a href="#cite_note-Palestinian_peace-103">[101]</a> The agreement called for the implementation of Palestinian self-rule in portions of the West Bank and Gaza Strip over a five-year period, along with an immediate halt to and gradual removal of Israeli settlements in those areas. The accords called for a Palestinian police force to be formed from local recruits and Palestinians abroad, to patrol areas of self-rule. Authority over the various fields of rule, including education and culture, <a href="/wiki/Social_welfare_provision" class="mw-redirect" title="Social welfare provision">social welfare</a>, <a href="/wiki/Direct_tax" title="Direct tax">direct taxation</a> and tourism, would be transferred to the Palestinian interim government. Both parties agreed also on forming a committee that would establish cooperation and coordination dealing with specific economic sectors, including utilities, industry, trade and communication.<a href="#cite_note-104">[102]</a> Prior to signing the accords, Arafat—as Chairman of the PLO and its official representative—signed two letters renouncing violence and officially recognizing Israel. In return, Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Rabin" title="Yitzhak Rabin">Yitzhak Rabin</a>, on behalf of Israel, officially recognized the PLO.<a href="#cite_note-105">[103]</a> The following year, Arafat and Rabin were awarded the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="Nobel Peace Prize">Nobel Peace Prize</a>, along with <a href="/wiki/Shimon_Peres" title="Shimon Peres">Shimon Peres</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Oslo_Accords-106">[104]</a> The Palestinian reaction was mixed. The <a href="/wiki/Rejectionist_Front" title="Rejectionist Front">Rejectionist Front</a> of the PLO allied itself with Islamists in a common opposition against the agreements. It was rejected also by <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_refugee" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian refugee">Palestinian refugees</a> in Lebanon, Syria, and Jordan as well as by many Palestinian intellectuals and the local leadership of the Palestinian territories. However, the inhabitants of the territories generally accepted the agreements and Arafat's promise for peace and economic well-being.<a href="#cite_note-After_Oslo-107">[105]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Establishing_authority_in_the_territories">Establishing authority in the territories</h3></div> In accordance with the terms of the Oslo agreement, Arafat was required to implement PLO authority in the West Bank and Gaza Strip. He insisted that financial support was imperative to establishing this authority and needed it to secure the acceptance of the agreements by the Palestinians living in those areas. However, <a href="/wiki/Arab_states_of_the_Persian_Gulf" title="Arab states of the Persian Gulf">Arab states of the Persian Gulf</a>—Arafat's usual source for financial backing—still refused to provide him and the PLO with any major donations for siding with Iraq during the 1991 Gulf War.<a href="#cite_note-After_Oslo-107">[105]</a> <a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Qurei" title="Ahmed Qurei">Ahmed Qurei</a>—a key Fatah negotiator during the negotiations in Oslo—publicly announced that the PLO was bankrupt.<a href="#cite_note-108">[106]</a> In 1994, Arafat moved to <a href="/wiki/Gaza_City" title="Gaza City">Gaza City</a>, which was controlled by the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_National_Authority" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian National Authority">Palestinian National Authority</a> (PNA)—the provisional entity created by the <a href="/wiki/Oslo_Accords" title="Oslo Accords">Oslo Accords</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Oslo_Accords-106">[104]</a> Arafat became the <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Palestinian_National_Authority" title="President of the Palestinian National Authority">President</a> and <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_Palestinian_National_Authority" title="Prime Minister of the Palestinian National Authority">Prime Minister</a> of the PNA, the Commander of the <a href="/wiki/Palestine_Liberation_Army" title="Palestine Liberation Army">PLA</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_Palestinian_Legislative_Council" title="Speaker of the Palestinian Legislative Council">Speaker</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Legislative_Council" title="Palestinian Legislative Council">PLC</a>. In July, after the PNA was declared the official government of the Palestinians, the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Palestine" class="mw-redirect" title="Constitution of Palestine">Basic Laws of the Palestinian National Authority</a> was published,<a href="#cite_note-109">[107]</a> in three different versions by the PLO. Arafat proceeded with creating a structure for the PNA. He established an <a href="/wiki/PLO_Executive_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="PLO Executive Committee">executive committee</a> or cabinet composed of twenty members. Arafat also replaced and assigned mayors and city councils for major cities such as Gaza and <a href="/wiki/Nablus" title="Nablus">Nablus</a>. He began subordinating non-governmental organizations that worked in education, health, and social affairs under his authority by replacing their elected leaders and directors with PNA officials loyal to him. He then appointed himself chairman of the Palestinian financial organization that was created by the <a href="/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank">World Bank</a> to control most aid money towards helping the new Palestinian entity.<a href="#cite_note-After_Oslo-107">[105]</a> Arafat appointed <a href="/wiki/Moshe_Hirsch" title="Moshe Hirsch">Moshe Hirsch</a> as the Minister of Jewish Affairs in 1995.<a href="#cite_note-110">[108]</a> Arafat established a Palestinian police force, named the <a href="/wiki/Preventive_Security_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="Preventive Security Service">Preventive Security Service</a> (PSS), that became active on 13 May 1994. It was mainly composed of PLA soldiers and foreign Palestinian volunteers. Arafat assigned <a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Dahlan" title="Mohammed Dahlan">Mohammed Dahlan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jibril_Rajoub" title="Jibril Rajoub">Jibril Rajoub</a> to head the PSS.<a href="#cite_note-After_Oslo-107">[105]</a> <a href="/wiki/Amnesty_International" title="Amnesty International">Amnesty International</a> accused Arafat and the PNA leadership of failing to adequately investigate abuses by the PSS (including torture and unlawful killings) against political opponents and dissidents as well as the arrests of human rights activists.<a href="#cite_note-111">[109]</a> Throughout November and December 1995, Arafat toured dozens of Palestinian cities and towns that were evacuated by Israeli forces including <a href="/wiki/Jenin" title="Jenin">Jenin</a>, Ramallah, <a href="/wiki/Al-Bireh" title="Al-Bireh">al-Bireh</a>, Nablus, <a href="/wiki/Qalqilyah" class="mw-redirect" title="Qalqilyah">Qalqilyah</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tulkarm" title="Tulkarm">Tulkarm</a>, declaring them "liberated". The PNA also gained control of the West Bank's <a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_the_Palestinian_National_Authority" title="Postage stamps and postal history of the Palestinian National Authority">postal service</a> during this period.<a href="#cite_note-PASSIA-112">[110]</a> On 20 January 1996, Arafat was elected president of the PNA, with an overwhelming 88.2 percent majority (the other candidate was charity organizer <a href="/wiki/Samiha_Khalil" title="Samiha Khalil">Samiha Khalil</a>). However, because <a href="/wiki/Hamas" title="Hamas">Hamas</a>, the DFLP and other popular opposition movements chose to boycott the presidential elections, the choices were limited. Arafat's landslide victory guaranteed Fatah 51 of the 88 seats in the PLC. After Arafat was elected to the post of President of the PNA, he was often referred to as the Ra'is, (literally president in Arabic), although he spoke of himself as "the general".<a href="#cite_note-113">[111]</a> In 1997, the PLC accused the executive branch of the PNA of financial mismanagement causing the resignation of four members of Arafat's cabinet. Arafat refused to resign his post.<a href="#cite_note-114">[112]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_peace_agreements">Other peace agreements</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Yasser-arafat-1999-3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Yasser-arafat-1999-3.jpg/220px-Yasser-arafat-1999-3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Yasser-arafat-1999-3.jpg/330px-Yasser-arafat-1999-3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Yasser-arafat-1999-3.jpg/440px-Yasser-arafat-1999-3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="703" data-file-height="576" /></a><figcaption>Arafat with PNA cabinet members <a href="/wiki/Yasser_Abed_Rabbo" title="Yasser Abed Rabbo">Yasser Abed Rabbo</a> (left) and <a href="/wiki/Nabil_Shaath" title="Nabil Shaath">Nabil Shaath</a> (right) at a meeting in <a href="/wiki/Copenhagen" title="Copenhagen">Copenhagen</a>, 1999</figcaption></figure> In mid-1996, <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Netanyahu" title="Benjamin Netanyahu">Benjamin Netanyahu</a> was <a href="/wiki/1996_Israeli_prime_ministerial_election" class="mw-redirect" title="1996 Israeli prime ministerial election">elected</a> <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Israel" title="Prime Minister of Israel">Prime Minister of Israel</a>. Palestinian-Israeli relations grew even more hostile as a result of continued conflict.<a href="#cite_note-115">[113]</a> Despite the Israel-PLO accord, Netanyahu opposed the idea of Palestinian statehood.<a href="#cite_note-116">[114]</a> In 1998, US President <a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a> persuaded the two leaders to meet. The resulting <a href="/wiki/Wye_River_Memorandum" title="Wye River Memorandum">Wye River Memorandum</a> detailed the steps to be taken by the Israeli government and PNA to complete the peace process.<a href="#cite_note-117">[115]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Bill_Clinton_with_Prime_Minister_Ehud_Barak_of_Israel_and_Chairman_Yasser_Arafat_of_the_Palestinian_Authority.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/President_Bill_Clinton_with_Prime_Minister_Ehud_Barak_of_Israel_and_Chairman_Yasser_Arafat_of_the_Palestinian_Authority.jpg/220px-President_Bill_Clinton_with_Prime_Minister_Ehud_Barak_of_Israel_and_Chairman_Yasser_Arafat_of_the_Palestinian_Authority.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/President_Bill_Clinton_with_Prime_Minister_Ehud_Barak_of_Israel_and_Chairman_Yasser_Arafat_of_the_Palestinian_Authority.jpg/330px-President_Bill_Clinton_with_Prime_Minister_Ehud_Barak_of_Israel_and_Chairman_Yasser_Arafat_of_the_Palestinian_Authority.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/President_Bill_Clinton_with_Prime_Minister_Ehud_Barak_of_Israel_and_Chairman_Yasser_Arafat_of_the_Palestinian_Authority.jpg/440px-President_Bill_Clinton_with_Prime_Minister_Ehud_Barak_of_Israel_and_Chairman_Yasser_Arafat_of_the_Palestinian_Authority.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3300" data-file-height="2190" /></a><figcaption>Arafat with <a href="/wiki/Ehud_Barak" title="Ehud Barak">Ehud Barak</a> and Bill Clinton at <a href="/wiki/2000_Camp_David_Summit" title="2000 Camp David Summit">Camp David Summit</a>, 2000</figcaption></figure> Arafat continued negotiations with Netanyahu's successor, <a href="/wiki/Ehud_Barak" title="Ehud Barak">Ehud Barak</a>, at the <a href="/wiki/Camp_David_2000_Summit" class="mw-redirect" title="Camp David 2000 Summit">Camp David 2000 Summit</a> in July 2000. Due partly to his own politics (Barak was from the leftist <a href="/wiki/Labor_Party_(Israel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Labor Party (Israel)">Labor Party</a>, whereas Netanyahu was from the <a href="/wiki/Right-wing_politics" title="Right-wing politics">rightist</a> <a href="/wiki/Likud" title="Likud">Likud</a> Party) and partly due to insistence for compromise by President Clinton, Barak offered Arafat a Palestinian state in 73 percent of the West Bank and all of the Gaza Strip. The Palestinian percentage of sovereignty would extend to 90 percent over a ten- to twenty-five-year period. Also included in the offer was the return of a small number of refugees and compensation for those not allowed to return. Palestinians would also have "custodianship" over <a href="/wiki/Al-Aqsa" title="Al-Aqsa">Al-Aqsa</a>, sovereignty on all Islamic and Christian holy sites, and three of Jerusalem's four Old City quarters. Arafat rejected Barak's offer and refused to make an immediate counter-offer.<a href="#cite_note-Palestinian_peace-103">[101]</a> He told President Clinton that, "the Arab leader who would surrender Jerusalem is not born yet."<a href="#cite_note-Arafat_Timeline-118">[116]</a> After the September 2000 outbreak of the <a href="/wiki/Second_Intifada" title="Second Intifada">Second Intifada</a>, negotiations continued at the <a href="/wiki/Taba_summit" class="mw-redirect" title="Taba summit">Taba summit</a> in January 2001; this time, Ehud Barak pulled out of the talks to campaign in the Israeli elections. In October and December 2001, <a href="/wiki/List_of_Palestinian_suicide_attacks" title="List of Palestinian suicide attacks">suicide bombings by Palestinian militant groups</a> increased and Israeli counter strikes intensified. Following the election of <a href="/wiki/Ariel_Sharon" title="Ariel Sharon">Ariel Sharon</a> in February, the peace process took a steep downfall. Palestinian elections scheduled for January 2002 were postponed—the stated reason was an inability to campaign due to the emergency conditions imposed by the Intifada, as well as IDF incursions and restrictions on <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_movement" title="Freedom of movement">freedom of movement</a> in the Palestinian territories. In the same month, Sharon ordered Arafat to be confined to his <a href="/wiki/Arafat%27s_Compound" class="mw-redirect" title="Arafat's Compound">Mukata'a</a> headquarters in <a href="/wiki/Ramallah" title="Ramallah">Ramallah</a>, following an attack in the Israeli city of <a href="/wiki/Hadera" title="Hadera">Hadera</a>;<a href="#cite_note-Arafat_Timeline-118">[116]</a> US President <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> supported Sharon's action, claiming that Arafat was "an obstacle to the peace."<a href="#cite_note-119">[117]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_survival">Political survival</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Yassir_Arafat.ogv/220px-seek%3D9-Yassir_Arafat.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="165" data-durationhint="210" data-mwtitle="Yassir_Arafat.ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Yassir_Arafat.ogv"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f0/Yassir_Arafat.ogv/Yassir_Arafat.ogv.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f0/Yassir_Arafat.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora, vorbis"" data-width="640" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f0/Yassir_Arafat.ogv/Yassir_Arafat.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="320" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f0/Yassir_Arafat.ogv/Yassir_Arafat.ogv.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="480" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f0/Yassir_Arafat.ogv/Yassir_Arafat.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="480" data-height="360" /></video><figcaption>Footage of Arafat speaking and meeting international leaders</figcaption></figure> Arafat's long personal and political survival was taken by most Western commentators as a sign of his mastery of <a href="/wiki/Asymmetric_warfare" title="Asymmetric warfare">asymmetric warfare</a> and his skill as a tactician, given the extremely dangerous nature of politics of the Middle East and the frequency of assassinations.<a href="#cite_note-From_Defender_to_Dictator-120">[118]</a> Some commentators believe his survival was largely due to Israel's fear that he could become a <a href="/wiki/Martyr" title="Martyr">martyr</a> for the Palestinian cause if he were assassinated or even arrested by Israel.<a href="#cite_note-121">[119]</a> Others believe that Israel refrained from taking action against Arafat because it feared Arafat less than <a href="/wiki/Hamas" title="Hamas">Hamas</a> and the other Islamist movements gaining support over Fatah. The complex and fragile web of relations between the US, Israel, Saudi Arabia, and other Arab states contributed also to Arafat's longevity as the leader of the Palestinians.<a href="#cite_note-From_Defender_to_Dictator-120">[118]</a> Israel attempted to assassinate Arafat on a number of occasions, but has never used its own agents, preferring instead to "turn" Palestinians close to the intended target, usually using blackmail.<a href="#cite_note-Hartp27-122">[120]</a> According to Alan Hart, the Mossad's specialty is poison.<a href="#cite_note-Hartp27-122">[120]</a> According to Abu Iyad, two attempts were made on Arafat's life by the Israeli Mossad and the Military Directorate in 1970.<a href="#cite_note-Hartp320-123">[121]</a> In 1976, Abu Sa'ed, a Palestinian agent working for the Mossad, was enlisted in a plot to put poison pellets that looked like grains of rice in Arafat's food. Abu Iyad explains that Abu Sa'ed confessed after he received the order to go ahead, explaining that he was unable to go through with the plot because, "He was first of all a Palestinian and his conscience wouldn't let him do it."<a href="#cite_note-Hartp429-124">[122]</a> Arafat claimed in a 1988 interview with <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a> that because of his fear of assassination by the Israelis, he never slept in the same place two nights in a row.<a href="#cite_note-125">[123]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Relations_with_Hamas_and_other_militant_groups">Relations with Hamas and other militant groups</h3></div> Arafat's ability to adapt to new tactical and political situations was perhaps tested by the rise of the Hamas and <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Islamic_Jihad" title="Palestinian Islamic Jihad">PIJ</a> organizations, Islamist groups espousing <a href="/wiki/Rejectionist_Front" title="Rejectionist Front">rejectionist</a> policies with Israel. These groups often bombed non-military targets, such as malls and movie theaters, to increase the psychological damage and civilian casualties. In the 1990s, these groups seemed to threaten Arafat's capacity to hold together a unified nationalist organization with a goal of statehood.<a href="#cite_note-From_Defender_to_Dictator-120">[118]</a> An attack carried out by Hamas militants in March 2002 killed 29 Israeli civilians celebrating <a href="/wiki/Passover" title="Passover">Passover</a>, including many senior citizens.<a href="#cite_note-126">[124]</a> In response, Israel launched <a href="/wiki/Operation_Defensive_Shield" title="Operation Defensive Shield">Operation Defensive Shield</a>, a major military offensive into major <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_the_West_Bank" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in the West Bank">West Bank cities</a>. <a href="/wiki/Mahmoud_al-Zahar" title="Mahmoud al-Zahar">Mahmoud al-Zahar</a>, a Hamas leader in Gaza, stated in September 2010 that Arafat had instructed Hamas to launch what he termed "military operations" against Israel in 2000 when Arafat felt that negotiations with Israel would not succeed.<a href="#cite_note-127">[125]</a> Some Israeli government officials opined in 2002 that the armed Fatah sub-group <a href="/wiki/Al-Aqsa_Martyrs%27_Brigades" title="Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades">al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades</a> commenced attacks towards Israel in order to compete with Hamas.<a href="#cite_note-128">[126]</a> On 6 May 2002, the Israeli government released a report, based in part on documents, allegedly captured during the Israeli raid of Arafat's Ramallah headquarters, which allegedly included copies of papers signed by Arafat authorizing funding for al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigades' activities. The report implicated Arafat in the "planning and execution of terror attacks".<a href="#cite_note-129">[127]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Attempts_to_marginalize">Attempts to marginalize</h3></div> Persistent attempts by the Israeli government to identify another Palestinian leader to represent the Palestinian people failed. Arafat was enjoying the support of groups that, given his own history, would normally have been quite wary of dealing with or supporting him. <a href="/wiki/Marwan_Barghouti" title="Marwan Barghouti">Marwan Barghouti</a> (a leader of al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigades) emerged as a possible replacement during the Second Intifada, but Israel had him arrested for allegedly being involved in the killing of twenty-six civilians, and he was sentenced to five life terms.<a href="#cite_note-130">[128]</a> Arafat was finally allowed to leave his compound on 2 May 2002 after intense negotiations led to a settlement: six PFLP militants, including the organization's secretary-general <a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Sa%27adat" title="Ahmad Sa'adat">Ahmad Sa'adat</a>, wanted by Israel, who had been holed up with Arafat in his compound, would be transferred to international custody in <a href="/wiki/Jericho" title="Jericho">Jericho</a>. After the wanted men were handed over the siege was lifted.<a href="#cite_note-131">[129]</a> With that, and a promise that he would issue a call to the Palestinians to halt attacks on Israelis, Arafat was released. He issued such a call on 8 May. On 19 September 2002, the IDF largely demolished the compound with <a href="/wiki/Armored_bulldozer" title="Armored bulldozer">armored bulldozers</a> in order to isolate Arafat.<a href="#cite_note-132">[130]</a><a href="#cite_note-133">[131]</a><a href="#cite_note-Larsen-134">[132]</a> In March 2003, Arafat ceded his post as Prime Minister to <a href="/wiki/Mahmoud_Abbas" title="Mahmoud Abbas">Mahmoud Abbas</a> amid pressures by the US.<a href="#cite_note-alhram_647-135">[133]</a> The Israeli security Cabinet on 11 September 2003 decided that "Israel will act to remove this obstacle [Arafat] in the manner, at the time, and in the ways that will be decided on separately".<a href="#cite_note-136">[134]</a> Israeli Cabinet members and officials hinted on Arafat's death,<a href="#cite_note-137">[135]</a><a href="#cite_note-138">[136]</a><a href="#cite_note-139">[137]</a> the Israeli military had begun making preparations for Arafat's possible expulsion in the near future,<a href="#cite_note-140">[138]</a><a href="#cite_note-141">[139]</a> and many feared for his life. Israeli peace activists of <a href="/wiki/Gush_Shalom" title="Gush Shalom">Gush Shalom</a>, Knesset members and others went into the <a href="/wiki/Muqata" class="mw-redirect" title="Muqata">Presidential Compound</a> prepared to serve as a human shield.<a href="#cite_note-142">[140]</a> The compound remained under siege until Arafat's transfer to a French hospital, shortly before his death. In 2004, President Bush dismissed Arafat as a negotiating partner, saying he had "failed as a leader", and accused him of undercutting Abbas when he was prime minister (Abbas resigned the same year he was given the position).<a href="#cite_note-143">[141]</a> Arafat had a mixed relationship with the leaders of other Arab nations. His support from Arab leaders tended to increase whenever he was pressured by Israel; for example, when Israel declared in 2003 it had made the decision, in principle, to remove him from the Israeli-controlled West Bank.<a href="#cite_note-Arafat_Timeline-118">[116]</a> In an interview with the Arabic news network <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_Media_Network" title="Al Jazeera Media Network">Al Jazeera</a>, Arafat responded to Ariel Sharon's suggestion that he be exiled from the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_territories" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian territories">Palestinian territories</a> permanently, by stating, "Is it his [Sharon's] homeland or ours? We were planted here before the Prophet Abraham came, but it looks like they [Israelis] don't understand history or geography."<a href="#cite_note-Arafat_Timeline-118">[116]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Financial_dealings">Financial dealings</h2></div> Under the Oslo Peace Accords, Israel undertook to deposit the VAT tax receipts on goods purchased by Palestinians into the Palestinian treasury. Until 2000, these monies were transferred directly to Arafat's personal accounts at <a href="/wiki/Bank_Leumi" title="Bank Leumi">Bank Leumi</a>, in Tel Aviv. <a href="#cite_note-billions-144">[142]</a> In August 2002, the <a href="/wiki/Military_Intelligence_Directorate_(Israel)" title="Military Intelligence Directorate (Israel)">Israeli Military Intelligence</a> Chief alleged that Arafat's personal wealth was in the range of US$1.3 billion.<a href="#cite_note-Alon-145">[143]</a> In 2003 the <a href="/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund" title="International Monetary Fund">International Monetary Fund</a> (IMF) conducted an audit of the PNA and stated that Arafat had diverted $900 million in public funds to a special bank account controlled by himself and the PNA Chief Economic Financial adviser. However, the IMF did not claim that there were any improprieties, and it specifically stated that most of the funds had been used to invest in Palestinian assets, both internally and abroad.<a href="#cite_note-146">[144]</a><a href="#cite_note-147">[145]</a> However, in 2003, a team of American accountants—hired by Arafat's own <a href="/wiki/Finance_minister" class="mw-redirect" title="Finance minister">finance ministry</a>—began examining Arafat's finances. In its conclusions, the team claimed that part of the Palestinian leader's wealth was in a secret portfolio worth close to $1 billion, with investments in companies like a <a href="/wiki/Coca-Cola" title="Coca-Cola">Coca-Cola</a> bottling plant in <a href="/wiki/Ramallah" title="Ramallah">Ramallah</a>, a Tunisian cell phone company and <a href="/wiki/Venture_capital" title="Venture capital">venture capital funds</a> in the U.S. and the <a href="/wiki/Cayman_Islands" title="Cayman Islands">Cayman Islands</a>. The head of the investigation stated that "although the money for the portfolio came from public funds like Palestinian taxes, virtually none of it was used for the Palestinian people; it was all controlled by Arafat. And none of these dealings were made public."<a href="#cite_note-billions-144">[142]</a> An investigation conducted by the <a href="/wiki/General_Accounting_Office" class="mw-redirect" title="General Accounting Office">General Accounting Office</a> reported that Arafat and the PLO held over $10 billion in assets even at the time when he was publicly claiming bankruptcy.<a href="#cite_note-148">[146]</a> Although Arafat lived a modest lifestyle, <a href="/wiki/Dennis_Ross" title="Dennis Ross">Dennis Ross</a>, former Middle East negotiator for Presidents <a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H.W. Bush</a> and Bill Clinton, stated that Arafat's "walking-around money" financed a vast patronage system known as <a href="/wiki/Neopatrimonialism" title="Neopatrimonialism">neopatrimonialism</a>. According to <a href="/wiki/Salam_Fayyad" title="Salam Fayyad">Salam Fayyad</a>—a former <a href="/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank">World Bank</a> official whom Arafat appointed <a href="/wiki/Finance_Minister_of_the_Palestinian_National_Authority" class="mw-redirect" title="Finance Minister of the Palestinian National Authority">Finance Minister of the PNA</a> in 2002—Arafat's commodity monopolies could accurately be seen as gouging his own people, "especially in Gaza which is poorer, which is something that is totally unacceptable and immoral." Fayyad claims that Arafat used $20 million from public funds to pay the leadership of the PNA security forces (the <a href="/wiki/Preventive_Security_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="Preventive Security Service">Preventive Security Service</a>) alone.<a href="#cite_note-billions-144">[142]</a> Fuad Shubaki, former financial aide to Arafat, told the Israeli security service <a href="/wiki/Shin_Bet" title="Shin Bet">Shin Bet</a> that Arafat used several million dollars of aid money to buy weapons and support militant groups.<a href="#cite_note-149">[147]</a> During Israel's <a href="/wiki/Operation_Defensive_Shield" title="Operation Defensive Shield">Operation Defensive Shield</a>, the Israel army recovered counterfeit money and documents from Arafat's Ramallah headquarters. The documents showed that, in 2001, Arafat personally approved payments to <a href="/wiki/Tanzim" title="Tanzim">Tanzim</a> militants.<a href="#cite_note-150">[148]</a> The Palestinians claimed that the counterfeit money was confiscated from criminal elements.<a href="#cite_note-151">[149]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Illness_and_death">Illness and death</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Unsuccessful_Israeli_assassination_attempts">Unsuccessful Israeli assassination attempts</h3></div> The Israeli government tried for decades to <a href="/wiki/Assassinate" class="mw-redirect" title="Assassinate">assassinate</a> Arafat, including attempting to intercept and shoot down private aircraft and commercial <a href="/wiki/Airliner" title="Airliner">airliners</a> on which he was believed to be traveling.<a href="#cite_note-nytimes.com-152">[150]</a> The assassination was initially assigned to Caesarea, the <a href="/wiki/Mossad" title="Mossad">Mossad</a> unit in charge of Israel's numerous targeted killings. Shooting down a commercial airliner in international airspace over very deep water was thought to be preferable to make recovery of the wreckage, and hence investigation, more difficult.<a href="#cite_note-nytimes.com-152">[150]</a> Following Israel's 1982 invasion of <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a>, Israeli <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Defense" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Defense">minister of defense</a> <a href="/wiki/Ariel_Sharon" title="Ariel Sharon">Ariel Sharon</a> created a special task force code named "Salt Fish" headed by <a href="/wiki/Special_operations" title="Special operations">special operations</a> experts <a href="/wiki/Meir_Dagan" title="Meir Dagan">Meir Dagan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rafi_Eitan" title="Rafi Eitan">Rafi Eitan</a> to track Arafat's movements in Lebanon to kill him because Sharon saw Arafat as a "Jew murderer" and an important symbol, symbols being as important as body counts in a war against a terrorist organization. The Salt Fish task force orchestrated the bombing of buildings where Arafat and senior PLO leaders were believed to be staying. Later renamed "Operation Goldfish", Israeli operatives followed Israeli journalist <a href="/wiki/Uri_Avnery" title="Uri Avnery">Uri Avnery</a> to a meeting with Arafat in an additional unsuccessful attempt to kill him. In 2001, Sharon as prime minister is believed to have made a commitment to cease attempts to assassinate Arafat. However, following Israel's successful assassination in March 2004 of <a href="/wiki/Sheikh_Ahmed_Yassin" class="mw-redirect" title="Sheikh Ahmed Yassin">Sheikh Ahmed Yassin</a>, a founder of the Hamas movement, Sharon stated in April 2004 that "this commitment of mine no longer exists."<a href="#cite_note-nytimes.com-152">[150]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Failing_health">Failing health</h3></div> The first reports of Arafat's failing health by his doctors for what his spokesman said was <a href="/wiki/Influenza" title="Influenza">influenza</a> came on 25 October 2004, after he vomited during a staff meeting. His condition deteriorated in the following days.<a href="#cite_note-Government-153">[151]</a> Following visits by other doctors, including teams from Tunisia, Jordan, and Egypt—and agreement by Israel to allow him to travel—Arafat was flown from Ramallah to Jordan by a Jordanian military helicopter and from there to France on a French military plane. He was admitted to the <a href="/wiki/Percy_military_hospital" class="mw-redirect" title="Percy military hospital">Percy military hospital</a> in <a href="/wiki/Clamart" title="Clamart">Clamart</a>, a suburb of Paris.<a href="#cite_note-Funeral-154">[152]</a><a href="#cite_note-155">[153]</a><a href="#cite_note-156">[154]</a> On 3 November, he had lapsed into a gradually deepening coma.<a href="#cite_note-157">[155]</a> Arafat was pronounced dead at 03:30 <a href="/wiki/Coordinated_Universal_Time" title="Coordinated Universal Time">UTC</a> on 11 November 2004 at the age of 75 of what French doctors called a massive <a href="/wiki/Hemorrhagic" class="mw-redirect" title="Hemorrhagic">hemorrhagic</a> <a href="/wiki/Cerebrovascular" class="mw-redirect" title="Cerebrovascular">cerebrovascular</a> accident (<a href="/wiki/Hemorrhagic_stroke" class="mw-redirect" title="Hemorrhagic stroke">hemorrhagic stroke</a>).<a href="#cite_note-158">[156]</a><a href="#cite_note-159">[157]</a> Initially, Arafat's medical records were withheld by senior Palestinian officials, and Arafat's wife refused an autopsy believing that it went against Muslim practices.<a href="#cite_note-NYT-160">[158]</a> French doctors also said that Arafat suffered from a blood condition known as <a href="/wiki/Disseminated_intravascular_coagulation" title="Disseminated intravascular coagulation">disseminated intravascular coagulation</a>, although it is inconclusive what brought about the condition.<a href="#cite_note-TelegraphGastro-161">[159]</a><a href="#cite_note-APGastro-162">[160]</a> When Arafat's death was announced, the Palestinian people went into a state of mourning, with <a href="/wiki/Qur%27an" class="mw-redirect" title="Qur'an">Qur'anic</a> mourning prayers emitted from mosque loudspeakers throughout the West Bank and the Gaza Strip, and tires burned in the streets.<a href="#cite_note-163">[161]</a> The Palestinian Authority and refugee camps in Lebanon declared 40 days of mourning.<a href="#cite_note-Funeral-154">[152]</a><a href="#cite_note-164">[162]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Funeral">Funeral</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Arafat_Tomb.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Arafat_Tomb.JPG/220px-Arafat_Tomb.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Arafat_Tomb.JPG/330px-Arafat_Tomb.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Arafat_Tomb.JPG/440px-Arafat_Tomb.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Arafat's "temporary" tomb in <a href="/wiki/Ramallah" title="Ramallah">Ramallah</a>, 2004</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikinews-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/40px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/60px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/80px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /></a></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikinews has related news: <div><ul><li><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Brazilian_delegation_returns_from_Arafat_funeral" class="extiw" title="wikinews:Brazilian delegation returns from Arafat funeral"> Brazilian delegation returns from Arafat funeral</a></li></ul></div></div></div> </div> On 11 November 2004, a <a href="/wiki/French_Army" title="French Army">French Army</a> <a href="/wiki/Guard_of_honour" title="Guard of honour">guard of honour</a> held a brief ceremony for Arafat, with his coffin draped in a <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_flag" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian flag">Palestinian flag</a>. A military band played the French and Palestinian national anthems, and a Chopin funeral march.<a href="#cite_note-165">[163]</a> French President <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Chirac" title="Jacques Chirac">Jacques Chirac</a> stood alone beside Arafat's coffin for about ten minutes in a last show of respect for Arafat, whom he hailed as "a man of courage".<a href="#cite_note-166">[164]</a> The next day, Arafat's body was flown from Paris aboard a <a href="/wiki/French_Air_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="French Air Force">French Air Force</a> transport plane to <a href="/wiki/Cairo" title="Cairo">Cairo</a>, Egypt, for a brief <a href="/wiki/Military_funeral" title="Military funeral">military funeral</a> there, attended by several heads of states, prime ministers and foreign ministers.<a href="#cite_note-167">[165]</a> Egypt's top Muslim cleric <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Sayyid_Tantawy" title="Muhammad Sayyid Tantawy">Sayed Tantawi</a> led mourning prayers preceding the funeral procession.<a href="#cite_note-Funeral-154">[152]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Yasser_Arafat%27s_tombstone.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Yasser_Arafat%27s_tombstone.jpg/220px-Yasser_Arafat%27s_tombstone.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Yasser_Arafat%27s_tombstone.jpg/330px-Yasser_Arafat%27s_tombstone.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Yasser_Arafat%27s_tombstone.jpg/440px-Yasser_Arafat%27s_tombstone.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>Honour guard at attention over Yasser Arafat's <a href="/wiki/Tombstone" class="mw-redirect" title="Tombstone">tombstone</a> in <a href="/wiki/Mausoleum" title="Mausoleum">mausoleum</a>, opened 10 November 2007 at the PNA <a href="/wiki/Arafat%27s_Compound" class="mw-redirect" title="Arafat's Compound">presidential headquarters</a> in Ramallah</figcaption></figure> Israel refused Arafat's wish to be buried near the <a href="/wiki/Temple_Mount" title="Temple Mount">Masjid Al-Aqsa</a> or anywhere in <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a>, citing security concerns.<a href="#cite_note-168">[166]</a> Israel also feared that his burial would strengthen Palestinian claims to East Jerusalem.<a href="#cite_note-169">[167]</a> Following the Cairo procession, Arafat was "temporarily" buried within the <a href="/wiki/Mukataa" title="Mukataa">Mukataa</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ramallah" title="Ramallah">Ramallah</a>; tens of thousands of Palestinians attended the ceremony.<a href="#cite_note-Funeral-154">[152]</a> Arafat was buried in a stone, rather than wooden, coffin, and Palestinian spokesman <a href="/wiki/Saeb_Erekat" title="Saeb Erekat">Saeb Erekat</a> said that Arafat would be reburied in East Jerusalem following the establishment of a Palestinian state. After <a href="/wiki/Sheikh_Taissir_Tamimi" class="mw-redirect" title="Sheikh Taissir Tamimi">Sheikh Taissir Tamimi</a> discovered that Arafat was buried improperly and in a coffin—which is not in accordance with <a href="/wiki/Sharia" title="Sharia">Islamic law</a>—Arafat was reburied on the morning of 13 November at around 3:00 am.<a href="#cite_note-170">[168]</a> On 10 November 2007, prior to the third anniversary of Arafat's death, President <a href="/wiki/Mahmoud_Abbas" title="Mahmoud Abbas">Mahmoud Abbas</a> unveiled a <a href="/wiki/Mausoleum" title="Mausoleum">mausoleum</a> for Arafat near his tomb in commemoration of him.<a href="#cite_note-171">[169]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Theories_about_the_cause_of_death">Theories about the cause of death</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Death_of_Yasser_Arafat" title="Death of Yasser Arafat">Death of Yasser Arafat</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mausoleo_Arafat_(Muqata,_Ramallah)_02.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Mausoleo_Arafat_%28Muqata%2C_Ramallah%29_02.JPG/220px-Mausoleo_Arafat_%28Muqata%2C_Ramallah%29_02.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Mausoleo_Arafat_%28Muqata%2C_Ramallah%29_02.JPG/330px-Mausoleo_Arafat_%28Muqata%2C_Ramallah%29_02.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Mausoleo_Arafat_%28Muqata%2C_Ramallah%29_02.JPG/440px-Mausoleo_Arafat_%28Muqata%2C_Ramallah%29_02.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2253" data-file-height="1587" /></a><figcaption>Arafat mausoleum</figcaption></figure> Numerous theories have circulated regarding Arafat's death, with the most prominent being poisoning<a href="#cite_note-Al-Kurdi_Claims-172">[170]</a><a href="#cite_note-Kapeliouk-173">[171]</a><a href="#cite_note-Bassam_Abu_Sharif's_claim_about_poisoning-174">[172]</a><a href="#cite_note-175">[173]</a> (possibly by <a href="/wiki/Polonium" title="Polonium">polonium</a>) and<a href="#cite_note-176">[174]</a> <a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS#Acquired_immunodeficiency_syndrome" title="HIV/AIDS">AIDS</a>-related illnesses,<a href="#cite_note-AIDS-177">[175]</a><a href="#cite_note-McDermott-178">[176]</a><a href="#cite_note-179">[177]</a> as well as liver disease<a href="#cite_note-180">[178]</a> or a <a href="/wiki/Platelet" title="Platelet">platelet</a> disorder.<a href="#cite_note-181">[179]</a> In September 2005, an Israeli AIDS expert claimed that Arafat bore all the symptoms of AIDS based on obtained medical records.<a href="#cite_note-AIDS-177">[175]</a> But others, including <a href="/wiki/Patrice_Mangin" title="Patrice Mangin">Patrice Mangin</a> of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Lausanne" title="University of Lausanne">University of Lausanne</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>, disagreed with this claim, insisting that Arafat's record indicated that it was highly unlikely that the cause of his death was AIDS.<a href="#cite_note-AJ_widow_calls-182">[180]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYT-160">[158]</a> Arafat's personal doctor Ashraf al-Kurdi and aide <a href="/wiki/Bassam_Abu_Sharif" title="Bassam Abu Sharif">Bassam Abu Sharif</a> maintained that Arafat was poisoned,<a href="#cite_note-Al-Kurdi_Claims-172">[170]</a><a href="#cite_note-Kapeliouk-173">[171]</a> possibly by <a href="/wiki/Thallium_poisoning" title="Thallium poisoning">thallium</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Bassam_Abu_Sharif's_claim_about_poisoning-174">[172]</a> A senior Israeli physician concluded that Arafat died from food poisoning.<a href="#cite_note-AIDS-177">[175]</a> Both Israeli and Palestinian officials have denied claims that Arafat was poisoned.<a href="#cite_note-AIDS-177">[175]</a><a href="#cite_note-MSNBC-183">[181]</a> <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_foreign_minister" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian foreign minister">Palestinian foreign minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Nabil_Shaath" title="Nabil Shaath">Nabil Shaath</a> ruled out poisoning after talks with Arafat's French doctors.<a href="#cite_note-MSNBC-183">[181]</a> On 4 July 2012, <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_Media_Network" title="Al Jazeera Media Network">Al Jazeera</a> published the results of a nine-month investigation, which found that rumors Arafat had died of cancer, cirrhosis, or AIDS were not true, because he was in good health until he fell ill suddenly on 12 October 2004 – but revealed that tests carried out by Swiss experts found traces of polonium in quantities much higher than could occur naturally on Arafat's personal belongings.<a href="#cite_note-AJ_widow_calls-182">[180]</a><a href="#cite_note-BBC_call_for_inquiry-184">[182]</a> On 12 October 2013, the British medical journal <a href="/wiki/The_Lancet" title="The Lancet">The Lancet</a> published a peer-reviewed article by the Swiss experts about the analysis of the 38 samples of Arafat's clothes and belongings and 37 reference samples which were known to be polonium-free, suggesting that Arafat could have died of polonium poisoning.<a href="#cite_note-185">[183]</a><a href="#cite_note-LT24.05.14-186">[184]</a> On 27 November 2012, three teams of international investigators, a French, a Swiss, and a Russian team, collected samples from Arafat's body and the surrounding soil in the mausoleum in <a href="/wiki/Ramallah" title="Ramallah">Ramallah</a>, to carry out an investigation independently from each other.<a href="#cite_note-187">[185]</a><a href="#cite_note-188">[186]</a><a href="#cite_note-189">[187]</a> On 6 November 2013, Al Jazeera reported that the Swiss forensic team had found levels of polonium in Arafat's ribs and pelvis 18 to 36 times the average,<a href="#cite_note-AJ_Swiss_study-190">[188]</a><a href="#cite_note-Reuters_Arafat_poisoned-191">[189]</a> even though by this point in time the amount had diminished by a factor of 2 million.<a href="#cite_note-LT24.05.14-186">[184]</a> François Bochud, the head of the Swiss team, said that the poisoning hypothesis by polonium is "reasonably supported",<a href="#cite_note-192">[190]</a> while forensic scientist Dave Barclay, retained by Al Jazeera, stated, "In my opinion, it is absolutely certain that the cause of his illness was polonium poisoning. ... What we have got is the smoking gun – the thing that caused his illness and was given to him with malice."<a href="#cite_note-193">[191]</a><a href="#cite_note-AJ_Swiss_study-190">[188]</a> Derek Hill, a professor in radiological science at University College London who was not involved in the investigation, said "I would say it's clearly not overwhelming proof, and there is a risk of contamination (of the samples), but it is a pretty strong signal. ... It seems likely what they're doing is putting a very cautious interpretation of strong data."<a href="#cite_note-194">[192]</a> But on 26 December 2013, a team of Russian scientists released a report saying they had found no trace of radioactive poisoning—a finding that came after the French report found traces of polonium. Vladimir Uiba, the head of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency, said that Arafat died of natural causes and the agency had no plans to conduct further tests.<a href="#cite_note-195">[193]</a> Unlike the Swiss report, the French and Russian reports were not made public at the time.<a href="#cite_note-LT24.05.14-186">[184]</a> The Swiss experts read the French and Russian reports and argued that the radiologic data measured by the other teams supported their conclusions of a probable death by polonium poisoning.<a href="#cite_note-LT24.05.14-186">[184]</a> In March 2015, a French prosecutor closed a 2012 French inquiry, stating that French experts maintained that the polonium and lead traces found were of an environmental nature.<a href="#cite_note-196">[194]</a> Palestinian official Wasel Abu Yousef said of the 2013 report, "The French report is politicized and is contrary to all the evidence which confirms that the president was killed by poisoning", and "This report is an attempt to cover up what happened in Percy hospital."<a href="#cite_note-197">[195]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2></div> Places named in his honor include: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Martyr_Yasser_Arafat_Governmental_Hospital" title="Martyr Yasser Arafat Governmental Hospital">Martyr Yasser Arafat Governmental Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yasser_Arafat_Cup" title="Yasser Arafat Cup">Yasser Arafat Cup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yasser_Arafat_International_Airport" title="Yasser Arafat International Airport">Yasser Arafat International Airport</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/28px-P_vip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/41px-P_vip.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/55px-P_vip.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="1944" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Biography" title="Portal:Biography">Biography portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/32px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/48px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/64px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Palestine" title="Portal:Palestine">Palestine portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/28px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/42px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/56px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a><a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics portal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Palestine" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics of Palestine">Politics of Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_trips_made_by_Yasser_Arafat" title="List of international trips made by Yasser Arafat">List of international trips made by Yasser Arafat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Fatah_members" title="List of Fatah members">List of Fatah members</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arafat%27s_Johannesburg_Address" title="Arafat's Johannesburg Address">Arafat's Johannesburg Address</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> Pronounced <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˈærəfæt/</a> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">ARR-ə-fat</a>, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">US</a> also <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˈɑːrəfɑːt/</a> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">AR-ə-faht</a>;<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: ياسر عرفات, <a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Arabic" title="Romanization of Arabic">romanized</a>: Yāsir ʿArafāt, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991">Levantine Arabic pronunciation: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">[ˈjaːsɪrˤ ʕɑrˤɑˈfaːt]</a>; full birth name: Mohammed Abdel Rahman Abdel Raouf Arafat al-Qudwa al-Husseini (Arabic: محمد ياسر عبد الرحمن عبد الرؤوف عرفات القدوة الحسيني, romanized: Muḥammad Yāsir ʿAbd ar-Raḥman ʿAbd ar-Raʾūf ʿArafāt al-Qudwa al-Ḥusaynī). </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> Arabic: أبو عمار, romanized: ʾAbū ʿAmmār. </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Helena_Cobban" title="Helena Cobban">Helena Cobban</a> (before Yasser Arafat's marriage): "Yasser Arafat is not married, but is called 'Abu 'Ammar' as an inversion of the name of the heroic early Muslim warrior '<a href="/wiki/Ammar_ibn_Yasir" title="Ammar ibn Yasir">Ammar bin ('son of) Yasser</a>. The idea, presumably, that if Yasser Arafat had a son, he would or should be as heroic as the earlier Ammar [ibn Yasir]", <a href="#CITEREFCobban1984">Cobban 1984</a>, p. 272 </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dictionary.com/browse/arafat">"Definition of Arafat"</a>. dictionary.com. Random House. Retrieved 12 February 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=dictionary.com&rft.atitle=Definition+of+Arafat&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dictionary.com%2Fbrowse%2Farafat&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> Some sources use the term Chairman, rather than President; the <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a> word for both titles is the same. See <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Palestinian_National_Authority" title="President of the Palestinian National Authority">President of the Palestinian National Authority</a> for further information. </li> <li id="cite_note-French_Investigation-6"><a href="#cite_ref-French_Investigation_6-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/mar/16/yasser-arafat-french-rule-out-foul-play">"Yasser Arafat: French rule out foul play in former Palestinian leader's death"</a>. The Guardian. 16 March 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Yasser+Arafat%3A+French+rule+out+foul+play+in+former+Palestinian+leader%27s+death&rft.date=2015-03-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2015%2Fmar%2F16%2Fyasser-arafat-french-rule-out-foul-play&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jpost.com/Arab-Israeli-Conflict/France-drops-investigation-into-Arafats-death-415023">"France drops investigation into Arafat's death"</a>. The Jerusalem Post. Reuters. 2 September 2015. Retrieved 16 June 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Jerusalem+Post&rft.atitle=France+drops+investigation+into+Arafat%27s+death&rft.date=2015-09-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpost.com%2FArab-Israeli-Conflict%2FFrance-drops-investigation-into-Arafats-death-415023&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Russian_Investigation-8"><a href="#cite_ref-Russian_Investigation_8-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbsnews.com/news/yasser-arafat-investigation-russian-probe-finds-death-not-caused-by-radiation/">"Yasser Arafat investigation: Russian probe finds death not caused by radiation"</a>. CBS News. 26 December 2013. Retrieved 16 June 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Yasser+Arafat+investigation%3A+Russian+probe+finds+death+not+caused+by+radiation&rft.date=2013-12-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fnews%2Fyasser-arafat-investigation-russian-probe-finds-death-not-caused-by-radiation%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCreed2014" class="citation book cs1">Creed, Richard D. Jr. (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PhRvCwAAQBAJ&pg=PT53">Eighteen Years in Lebanon and Two Intifadas: The Israeli Defense Force and the U.S. Army Operational Environment</a>. Pickle Partners Publishing. p. 53. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78289-593-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78289-593-0"><bdi>978-1-78289-593-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Eighteen+Years+in+Lebanon+and+Two+Intifadas%3A+The+Israeli+Defense+Force+and+the+U.S.+Army+Operational+Environment&rft.pages=53&rft.pub=Pickle+Partners+Publishing&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-78289-593-0&rft.aulast=Creed&rft.aufirst=Richard+D.+Jr.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPhRvCwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT53&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGhanem2010" class="citation book cs1">Ghanem, As'ad (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/palestinianpolit0000gani">Palestinian Politics after Arafat: A Failed National Movement</a>. Indiana University Press. p. 259.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Palestinian+Politics+after+Arafat%3A+A+Failed+National+Movement&rft.pages=259&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Ghanem&rft.aufirst=As%27ad&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpalestinianpolit0000gani&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Arafat_reviled_particularly-11"><a href="#cite_ref-Arafat_reviled_particularly_11-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKershner,_Isabel2012" class="citation news cs1">Kershner, Isabel (4 July 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://travel.nytimes.com/2012/07/05/world/middleeast/palestinians-may-exhume-arafat-after-report-of-poisoning.html">"Palestinians May Exhume Arafat After Report of Poisoning"</a>. The New York Times. Retrieved 5 August 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Palestinians+May+Exhume+Arafat+After+Report+of+Poisoning&rft.date=2012-07-04&rft.au=Kershner%2C+Isabel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftravel.nytimes.com%2F2012%2F07%2F05%2Fworld%2Fmiddleeast%2Fpalestinians-may-exhume-arafat-after-report-of-poisoning.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Washington-12"><a href="#cite_ref-Washington_12-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHockstader2004" class="citation news cs1">Hockstader, Lee (11 November 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A41509-2004Nov10.html">"A Dreamer Who Forced His Cause Onto World Stage"</a>. The Washington Post. Retrieved 16 June 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=A+Dreamer+Who+Forced+His+Cause+Onto+World+Stage&rft.date=2004-11-11&rft.aulast=Hockstader&rft.aufirst=Lee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fwp-dyn%2Farticles%2FA41509-2004Nov10.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Birth-13"><a href="#cite_ref-Birth_13-0">^</a> Not certain; Disputed; Most sources including Tony Walker, <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Gowers" title="Andrew Gowers">Andrew Gowers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alan_Hart_(writer)" title="Alan Hart (writer)">Alan Hart</a> and <a href="/wiki/Said_K._Aburish" class="mw-redirect" title="Said K. Aburish">Said K. Aburish</a> indicate Cairo as Arafat's place of birth, but others list his birthplace as Jerusalem as well as Gaza. See <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/1994/arafat-bio.html">Nobel Prize Biography</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/890161.stm">BBC Obituary</a> for more information. Some believe also that the Jerusalem birthplace might have been a little known rumor created by the KGB (see <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/biography/arafat.html">Jewish Vitual Library</a>). </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKumaraswamy2009" class="citation book cs1">Kumaraswamy, P. R. (24 July 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hKXvCSc93zEC&q=Arafat%25201929%2520%25224%2520august%2522&pg=PA26">The A to Z of the Arab-Israeli Conflict</a>. Scarecrow Press. p. 26. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-7015-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-7015-4"><bdi>978-0-8108-7015-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+A+to+Z+of+the+Arab-Israeli+Conflict&rft.pages=26&rft.pub=Scarecrow+Press&rft.date=2009-07-24&rft.isbn=978-0-8108-7015-4&rft.aulast=Kumaraswamy&rft.aufirst=P.+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhKXvCSc93zEC%26q%3DArafat%2525201929%252520%2525224%252520august%252522%26pg%3DPA26&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alluringworld.com/yasser-arafat-mausoleum/">"Yasser Arafat Mausoleum"</a>. Alluring World. 17 March 2016. Retrieved 5 September 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Alluring+World&rft.atitle=Yasser+Arafat+Mausoleum&rft.date=2016-03-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.alluringworld.com%2Fyasser-arafat-mausoleum%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHart1989">Hart 1989</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/arafatpoliticalb00hart/page/67">67</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDunn2004" class="citation book cs1">Dunn, Michael (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofmo00phil_0/page/268/mode/1up">"Arafat, Yasir"</a>. In Mattar, Philip (ed.). Encyclopedia of the Modern Middle East & North Africa: A–C. Vol. 1. Detroit: Macmillan Reference. pp. 269–272. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-02-865769-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-02-865769-1"><bdi>978-0-02-865769-1</bdi></a>. <q>Arafat and his family have always insisted that he was born 4 August 1929. in his mother's family home in Jerusalem. Nevertheless, an Egyptian birth registration exists, suggesting that he was born in Egypt on 24 August 1929...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Arafat%2C+Yasir&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+the+Modern+Middle+East+%26+North+Africa%3A+A%E2%80%93C&rft.place=Detroit&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E269-%3C%2Fspan%3E272&rft.pub=Macmillan+Reference&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-02-865769-1&rft.aulast=Dunn&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fencyclopediaofmo00phil_0%2Fpage%2F268%2Fmode%2F1up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrexel2003" class="citation book cs1">Brexel, Bernadette (2003). Yasser Arafat. Rosen Publishing Group. p. 12.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Yasser+Arafat&rft.pages=12&rft.pub=Rosen+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Brexel&rft.aufirst=Bernadette&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Making_of_a_Palestinian-19">^ <a href="#cite_ref-The_Making_of_a_Palestinian_19-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-The_Making_of_a_Palestinian_19-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-The_Making_of_a_Palestinian_19-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-The_Making_of_a_Palestinian_19-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-The_Making_of_a_Palestinian_19-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-The_Making_of_a_Palestinian_19-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-The_Making_of_a_Palestinian_19-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-The_Making_of_a_Palestinian_19-7">h</a> <a href="#CITEREFAburish1998">Aburish 1998</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/arafatfromdefend0001abur/page/7">7–32</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnn.com/fyi/school.tools/profiles/Yasser.Arafat/student.storypage.html">"Yasser Arafat: Homeland a dream for Palestinian Authority Chief"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20011118060808/http://www.cnn.com/fyi/school.tools/profiles/Yasser.Arafat/student.storypage.html">Archived</a> from the original on 18 November 2001. Retrieved 5 July 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Yasser+Arafat%3A+Homeland+a+dream+for+Palestinian+Authority+Chief&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2Ffyi%2Fschool.tools%2Fprofiles%2FYasser.Arafat%2Fstudent.storypage.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRubensteinLeon1995">Rubenstein & Leon 1995</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/mysteryofarafat00rubi/page/38">38</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAburish1998">Aburish 1998</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/arafatfromdefend0001abur/page/46">46</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAburish1998">Aburish 1998</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/arafatfromdefend0001abur/page/246">246–247</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Suha-24"><a href="#cite_ref-Suha_24-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/3965541.stm">"Profile: Suha Arafat"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>. 11 November 2004. Retrieved 16 June 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Profile%3A+Suha+Arafat&rft.date=2004-11-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fworld%2Fmiddle_east%2F3965541.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-timeexpecting-25"><a href="#cite_ref-timeexpecting_25-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1">"Milestones". Time. 19 December 1994.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=Milestones&rft.date=1994-12-19&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-star1-26">^ <a href="#cite_ref-star1_26-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-star1_26-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180816043730/http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Middle-East/2013/Feb-09/205749-arafats-widow-tried-to-leave-palestinian-leader-hundreds-of-times.ashx#axzz2KIO7W2jH">"Arafat's widow tried to leave Palestinian leader 'hundreds of times'"</a>. The Daily Star. 9 February 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Middle-East/2013/Feb-09/205749-arafats-widow-tried-to-leave-palestinian-leader-hundreds-of-times.ashx#axzz2KIO7W2jH">the original</a> on 16 August 2018. Retrieved 11 February 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Star&rft.atitle=Arafat%27s+widow+tried+to+leave+Palestinian+leader+%27hundreds+of+times%27&rft.date=2013-02-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailystar.com.lb%2FNews%2FMiddle-East%2F2013%2FFeb-09%2F205749-arafats-widow-tried-to-leave-palestinian-leader-hundreds-of-times.ashx%23axzz2KIO7W2jH&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWiner2013" class="citation web cs1">Winer, Stuart (10 February 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timesofisrael.com/suha-arafat-i-wish-id-never-married-him/">"Suha Arafat: I wish I'd never married him"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_Israel" title="The Times of Israel">The Times of Israel</a>. Retrieved 16 June 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+Israel&rft.atitle=Suha+Arafat%3A+I+wish+I%27d+never+married+him&rft.date=2013-02-10&rft.aulast=Winer&rft.aufirst=Stuart&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesofisrael.com%2Fsuha-arafat-i-wish-id-never-married-him%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAburish1998">Aburish 1998</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/arafatfromdefend0001abur/page/290">290</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMattar2000" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Mattar, Phillip (12 November 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060821202540/http://www.palestineremembered.com/al-Ramla/al-Ramla/Story175.html">"Biography of Khalil al-Wazir (Abu Jihad)"</a>. Encyclopedia of the Palestinians. Facts on File; 1st edition. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.palestineremembered.com/al-Ramla/al-Ramla/Story175.html">the original</a> on 21 August 2006. Retrieved 17 July 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Biography+of+Khalil+al-Wazir+%28Abu+Jihad%29&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+the+Palestinians&rft.pub=Facts+on+File%3B+1st+edition&rft.date=2000-11-12&rft.aulast=Mattar&rft.aufirst=Phillip&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.palestineremembered.com%2Fal-Ramla%2Fal-Ramla%2FStory175.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fatah_and_Road_to_1967-30">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Fatah_and_Road_to_1967_30-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fatah_and_Road_to_1967_30-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fatah_and_Road_to_1967_30-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fatah_and_Road_to_1967_30-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fatah_and_Road_to_1967_30-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fatah_and_Road_to_1967_30-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fatah_and_Road_to_1967_30-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fatah_and_Road_to_1967_30-7">h</a> <a href="#CITEREFAburish1998">Aburish 1998</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/arafatfromdefend0001abur/page/33">33–67</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-FatahF-31"><a href="#cite_ref-FatahF_31-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAburish1998">Aburish 1998</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/arafatfromdefend0001abur/page/33">33–67</a> Aburish says the date of Fatah's founding is unclear but claims in 1959 it was exposed by its magazine. Zeev Schiff, Raphael Rothstein (1972). Fedayeen; Guerillas Against Israel. McKay, p.58; Schiff and Rothstein claim Fatah was founded in 1959. <a href="/wiki/Salah_Khalaf" title="Salah Khalaf">Salah Khalaf</a> and <a href="/wiki/Khalil_al-Wazir" title="Khalil al-Wazir">Khalil al-Wazir</a> state Fatah's first formal meeting was in October 1959. See Anat N. Kurz (2005) Fatah and the Politics of Violence: The Institutionalization of a Popular Struggle. Brighton, Portland: Sussex Academic Press (Jaffee Centre for Strategic Studies), pp. 29–30 </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHussein" class="citation book cs1">Hussein, Hassan Khalil. Abu Iyad, Unknown Pages of his Life. p. 64.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Abu+Iyad%2C+Unknown+Pages+of+his+Life&rft.pages=64&rft.aulast=Hussein&rft.aufirst=Hassan+Khalil&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCooley1973" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_K._Cooley" title="John K. Cooley">Cooley, John K.</a> (1973). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/greenmarchblacks00john/">Green March, Black September</a>. Frank Crass & Co. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/greenmarchblacks00john/page/100">100</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7146-2987-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7146-2987-2"><bdi>978-0-7146-2987-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Green+March%2C+Black+September&rft.pages=100&rft.pub=Frank+Crass+%26+Co.&rft.date=1973&rft.isbn=978-0-7146-2987-2&rft.aulast=Cooley&rft.aufirst=John+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgreenmarchblacks00john%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbu_SharifUzi_Mahmaini1996" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Bassam_Abu_Sharif" title="Bassam Abu Sharif">Abu Sharif, Bassam</a>; Uzi Mahmaini (1996). Tried by Fire. Time Warner Paperbacks. p. 33. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7515-1636-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7515-1636-4"><bdi>978-0-7515-1636-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tried+by+Fire&rft.pages=33&rft.pub=Time+Warner+Paperbacks&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-7515-1636-4&rft.aulast=Abu+Sharif&rft.aufirst=Bassam&rft.au=Uzi+Mahmaini&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGowersTony_Walker1991" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Gowers" title="Andrew Gowers">Gowers, Andrew</a>; Tony Walker (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/behindmyth00andr/">Behind the Myth: Yasser Arafat and the Palestinian Revolution</a>. Interlink Pub Group Inc. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/behindmyth00andr/page/65">65</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-940793-86-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-940793-86-6"><bdi>978-0-940793-86-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Behind+the+Myth%3A+Yasser+Arafat+and+the+Palestinian+Revolution&rft.pages=65&rft.pub=Interlink+Pub+Group+Inc&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-0-940793-86-6&rft.aulast=Gowers&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft.au=Tony+Walker&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbehindmyth00andr%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHart1994" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Alan_Hart_(writer)" title="Alan Hart (writer)">Hart, Alan</a> (1994). Arafat. Sidgwick and Jackson. pp. 204–205. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-283-06220-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-283-06220-9"><bdi>978-0-283-06220-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Arafat&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E204-%3C%2Fspan%3E205&rft.pub=Sidgwick+and+Jackson&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-283-06220-9&rft.aulast=Hart&rft.aufirst=Alan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOren2003" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Oren" title="Michael Oren">Oren, Michael</a> (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sixdaysofwarjune0000oren_u3x7/">Six Days of War, June 1967 and the Making of the Modern Middle East</a>. New York: The Random House Publishing Group. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sixdaysofwarjune0000oren_u3x7/page/33">33–36</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-345-46192-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-345-46192-6"><bdi>978-0-345-46192-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Six+Days+of+War%2C+June+1967+and+the+Making+of+the+Modern+Middle+East&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=33-36&rft.pub=The+Random+House+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-345-46192-6&rft.aulast=Oren&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsixdaysofwarjune0000oren_u3x7%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Consolidation_of_Power-38">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Consolidation_of_Power_38-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Consolidation_of_Power_38-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Consolidation_of_Power_38-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Consolidation_of_Power_38-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Consolidation_of_Power_38-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Consolidation_of_Power_38-5">f</a> <a href="#CITEREFAburish1998">Aburish 1998</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/arafatfromdefend0001abur/page/69">69–98</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAburish2004" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Said_K._Aburish" class="mw-redirect" title="Said K. Aburish">Aburish, Said K.</a> (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780312286835">Nasser, The Last Arab</a>. New York: Thomas Dunne Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-312-28683-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-312-28683-5"><bdi>978-0-312-28683-5</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/52766217">52766217</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nasser%2C+The+Last+Arab&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Thomas+Dunne+Books&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F52766217&rft.isbn=978-0-312-28683-5&rft.aulast=Aburish&rft.aufirst=Said+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisbn_9780312286835&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sayigh-40">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sayigh_40-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sayigh_40-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sayigh_40-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSayigh1997" class="citation book cs1">Sayigh, Yezid (1997). Armed Struggle and the Search for State, the Palestinian National Movement, 1949–1993. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-829643-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-829643-0"><bdi>978-0-19-829643-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Armed+Struggle+and+the+Search+for+State%2C+the+Palestinian+National+Movement%2C+1949%E2%80%931993&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-19-829643-0&rft.aulast=Sayigh&rft.aufirst=Yezid&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCath_Senker2004" class="citation book cs1">Cath Senker (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hI844N9leNUC&q=karameh+battle&pg=PA45">The Arab-Israeli Conflict</a>. Black Rabbit Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781583404416" title="Special:BookSources/9781583404416"><bdi>9781583404416</bdi></a>. Retrieved 25 October 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Arab-Israeli+Conflict&rft.pub=Black+Rabbit+Books&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=9781583404416&rft.au=Cath+Senker&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhI844N9leNUC%26q%3Dkarameh%2Bbattle%26pg%3DPA45&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">permanent dead link</a>‍] </li> <li id="cite_note-Debacle_in_the_desert-42"><a href="#cite_ref-Debacle_in_the_desert_42-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOren1968" class="citation news cs1">Oren, Amir (29 March 1968). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haaretz.com/weekend/week-s-end/debacle-in-the-desert-1.361453">"Debacle in the desert"</a>. Haaretz. Retrieved 13 May 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=Debacle+in+the+desert&rft.date=1968-03-29&rft.aulast=Oren&rft.aufirst=Amir&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fweekend%2Fweek-s-end%2Fdebacle-in-the-desert-1.361453&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTyler2012" class="citation book cs1">Tyler, Patrick (18 September 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nQXtz41f-kcC&q=Israel+assumed+that+the+Jordanian+Army+would+ignore+the+invasion&pg=PT242">Fortress Israel: The Inside Story of the Military Elite Who Run the Country—and Why They Can't Make Peace</a>. Macmillan. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781429944472" title="Special:BookSources/9781429944472"><bdi>9781429944472</bdi></a>. Retrieved 25 October 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fortress+Israel%3A+The+Inside+Story+of+the+Military+Elite+Who+Run+the+Country%E2%80%94and+Why+They+Can%27t+Make+Peace&rft.pub=Macmillan&rft.date=2012-09-18&rft.isbn=9781429944472&rft.aulast=Tyler&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnQXtz41f-kcC%26q%3DIsrael%2Bassumed%2Bthat%2Bthe%2BJordanian%2BArmy%2Bwould%2Bignore%2Bthe%2Binvasion%26pg%3DPT242&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ammonnews.net/article.aspx?articleno=83073"><bdi lang="ar">الذكرى الثالثة والأربعون لمعركة الكرامة الخالدة</bdi></a>. Petra News Agency (in Arabic). Ammon News. 20 March 2011. Retrieved 16 June 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Petra+News+Agency&rft.atitle=%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B0%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%89+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A9+%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%B9%D9%88%D9%86+%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A9+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A9+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%A9&rft.date=2011-03-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ammonnews.net%2Farticle.aspx%3Farticleno%3D83073&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-telegraph-45"><a href="#cite_ref-telegraph_45-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/1400177/1968-Karameh-and-the-Palestinian-revolt.html">"1968: Karameh and the Palestinian revolt"</a>. The Telegraph. 1 May 2002. Retrieved 16 June 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=1968%3A+Karameh+and+the+Palestinian+revolt&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2F1400177%2F1968-Karameh-and-the-Palestinian-revolt.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSaada,_TassMerrill,_Dean2008" class="citation book cs1">Saada, Tass; Merrill, Dean (2008). Once an Arafat Man: The True Story of How a PLO Sniper Found a New Life. Illinois: Tyndale House Publishers. pp. 4–6. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4143-2361-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4143-2361-9"><bdi>978-1-4143-2361-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Once+an+Arafat+Man%3A+The+True+Story+of+How+a+PLO+Sniper+Found+a+New+Life&rft.place=Illinois&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E4-%3C%2Fspan%3E6&rft.pub=Tyndale+House+Publishers&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-4143-2361-9&rft.au=Saada%2C+Tass&rft.au=Merrill%2C+Dean&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-GUERRILLAS-47"><a href="#cite_ref-GUERRILLAS_47-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrady1968" class="citation news cs1">Brady, Thomas F. (23 March 1968). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1968/03/23/archives/guerrillas-back-at-jordan-camp-attack-by-israelis-failed-to-destroy.htmlE">"GUERRILLAS BACK AT JORDAN CAMP; Attack by Israelis Failed to Destroy Base at Karameh or Wipe Out Commandos"</a>. The New York Times. Retrieved 14 June 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=GUERRILLAS+BACK+AT+JORDAN+CAMP%3B+Attack+by+Israelis+Failed+to+Destroy+Base+at+Karameh+or+Wipe+Out+Commandos&rft.date=1968-03-23&rft.aulast=Brady&rft.aufirst=Thomas+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1968%2F03%2F23%2Farchives%2Fguerrillas-back-at-jordan-camp-attack-by-israelis-failed-to-destroy.htmlE&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988">(subscription required) </li> <li id="cite_note-Zeev_Maoz_page_246-48"><a href="#cite_ref-Zeev_Maoz_page_246_48-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaoz2006" class="citation book cs1">Maoz, Zeev (2006). Defending the Holy Land: A Critical Analysis of Israel's Security and Foreign Policy. University of Michigan Press. pp. 244–246.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Defending+the+Holy+Land%3A+A+Critical+Analysis+of+Israel%27s+Security+and+Foreign+Policy&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E244-%3C%2Fspan%3E246&rft.pub=University+of+Michigan+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Maoz&rft.aufirst=Zeev&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Herzog,_The_Arab-Israeli_Wars_page_205-49"><a href="#cite_ref-Herzog,_The_Arab-Israeli_Wars_page_205_49-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHerzog" class="citation book cs1">Herzog. The Arab-Israeli Wars. p. 205.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Arab-Israeli+Wars&rft.pages=205&rft.au=Herzog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-tuckerS-50">^ <a href="#cite_ref-tuckerS_50-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-tuckerS_50-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpencer_C._Tucker,_Priscilla_Roberts2005" class="citation book cs1">Spencer C. Tucker, Priscilla Roberts (12 May 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YAd8efHdVzIC&q=karameh+battle&pg=PA569">Encyclopedia of the Arab-Israeli Conflict, The: A Political, Social, and Military History: A Political, Social, and Military History</a>. ABC-CLIO. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781851098422" title="Special:BookSources/9781851098422"><bdi>9781851098422</bdi></a>. Retrieved 25 October 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+the+Arab-Israeli+Conflict%2C+The%3A+A+Political%2C+Social%2C+and+Military+History%3A+A+Political%2C+Social%2C+and+Military+History&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2005-05-12&rft.isbn=9781851098422&rft.au=Spencer+C.+Tucker%2C+Priscilla+Roberts&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYAd8efHdVzIC%26q%3Dkarameh%2Bbattle%26pg%3DPA569&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKathleen_Sweet2008" class="citation book cs1">Kathleen Sweet (23 December 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-bXMBQAAQBAJ&q=Israel+assumed+that+the+Jordanian+Army+would+ignore+the+invasion">Aviation and Airport Security: Terrorism and Safety Concerns, Second Edition</a>. CRC Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781439894736" title="Special:BookSources/9781439894736"><bdi>9781439894736</bdi></a>. Retrieved 27 October 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Aviation+and+Airport+Security%3A+Terrorism+and+Safety+Concerns%2C+Second+Edition&rft.pub=CRC+Press&rft.date=2008-12-23&rft.isbn=9781439894736&rft.au=Kathleen+Sweet&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-bXMBQAAQBAJ%26q%3DIsrael%2Bassumed%2Bthat%2Bthe%2BJordanian%2BArmy%2Bwould%2Bignore%2Bthe%2Binvasion&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-assessment-52"><a href="#cite_ref-assessment_52-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081123100239/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,839651,00.html">"The Israeli Assessment"</a>. Time. 13 December 1968. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0040-781X">0040-781X</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,839651,00.html">the original</a> on 23 November 2008. Retrieved 3 September 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=The+Israeli+Assessment&rft.date=1968-12-13&rft.issn=0040-781X&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fmagazine%2Farticle%2F0%2C9171%2C839651%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988">(subscription required) </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLivingstoneHalevy1990" class="citation book cs1">Livingstone, Neil; Halevy, David (1990). Inside the PLO. Reader's Digest Association. p. 80. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7090-4548-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7090-4548-9"><bdi>978-0-7090-4548-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Inside+the+PLO&rft.pages=80&rft.pub=Reader%27s+Digest+Association&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0-7090-4548-9&rft.aulast=Livingstone&rft.aufirst=Neil&rft.au=Halevy%2C+David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070208225932/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,839649,00.html">"The Guerrilla Threat In the Middle East"</a>. Time. 13 December 1968. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,839649,00.html">the original</a> on 8 February 2007. Retrieved 24 August 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=The+Guerrilla+Threat+In+the+Middle+East&rft.date=1968-12-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fmagazine%2Farticle%2F0%2C9171%2C839649%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCobban1984" class="citation book cs1">Cobban, Helena (1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/palestinianliber0000cobb">The Palestine Liberation Organisation: People, Power and Politics</a>. Cambridge: <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-27216-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-27216-2"><bdi>978-0-521-27216-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Palestine+Liberation+Organisation%3A+People%2C+Power+and+Politics&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=978-0-521-27216-2&rft.aulast=Cobban&rft.aufirst=Helena&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpalestinianliber0000cobb&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=HAJIAAAAIBAJ&pg=2064,4351664&dq=arafat&hl=en">"A Fatah Chief To Lead Palestinian Liberation"</a>. The Morning Record. 6 February 1969. p. 9 – via Google News Archive Search.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Morning+Record&rft.atitle=A+Fatah+Chief+To+Lead+Palestinian+Liberation&rft.pages=9&rft.date=1969-02-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3DHAJIAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D2064%2C4351664%26dq%3Darafat%26hl%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/packages/pdf/international/19690205arafat.pdf">"Fatah Wins Control of Palestine Group"</a> (PDF). The New York Times. 5 February 1969. Retrieved 17 June 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Fatah+Wins+Control+of+Palestine+Group&rft.date=1969-02-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Fpackages%2Fpdf%2Finternational%2F19690205arafat.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Black_September-58">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Black_September_58-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Black_September_58-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Black_September_58-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFAburish1998">Aburish 1998</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/arafatfromdefend0001abur/page/100">100–112</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jordan-59">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Jordan_59-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jordan_59-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.onwar.com/aced/data/bravo/blacksept1970.htm">"Black September in Jordan 1970–1971"</a>. Armed Conflict Events Data. 16 December 2000. Retrieved 17 June 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Black+September+in+Jordan+1970%E2%80%931971&rft.date=2000-12-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.onwar.com%2Faced%2Fdata%2Fbravo%2Fblacksept1970.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mahran-60"><a href="#cite_ref-Mahran_60-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRasheda" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Rasheda, Mahran. Arafat, the Difficult Number (in Arabic). Dar al-Hayan. pp. 175–181.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Arafat%2C+the+Difficult+Number&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E175-%3C%2Fspan%3E181&rft.pub=Dar+al-Hayan&rft.aulast=Rasheda&rft.aufirst=Mahran&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNisan2003" class="citation book cs1">Nisan, Mordechi (2003). The Conscience of Lebanon: A Political Biography of Ettiene Sakr (Abu-Arz). London, Portland, Oregon: Frank Cass. p. 20. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7146-5392-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-7146-5392-6"><bdi>0-7146-5392-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Conscience+of+Lebanon%3A+A+Political+Biography+of+Ettiene+Sakr+%28Abu-Arz%29&rft.place=London%2C+Portland%2C+Oregon&rft.pages=20&rft.pub=Frank+Cass&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-7146-5392-6&rft.aulast=Nisan&rft.aufirst=Mordechi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMetz1988" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Helen_Chapin_Metz" title="Helen Chapin Metz">Metz, Helen Chapin</a>, ed. (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://countrystudies.us/israel/33.htm">"Israel in Lebanon"</a>. Israel: A Country Study. Washington: GPO for the Library of Congress.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Israel+in+Lebanon&rft.btitle=Israel%3A+A+Country+Study&rft.place=Washington&rft.pub=GPO+for+the+Library+of+Congress&rft.date=1988&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcountrystudies.us%2Fisrael%2F33.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-PLO_terrorist_attacks-63">^ <a href="#cite_ref-PLO_terrorist_attacks_63-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-PLO_terrorist_attacks_63-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-PLO_terrorist_attacks_63-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFAburish1998">Aburish 1998</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/arafatfromdefend0001abur/page/122">122–125</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSontag1999" class="citation news cs1">Sontag, Deborah (20 April 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1999/04/20/world/2-who-share-a-past-are-rivals-for-israel-s-future.html">"2 Who Share a Past Are Rivals for Israel's Future"</a>. The New York Times. pp. Section A, Page 3, Column 1.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=2+Who+Share+a+Past+Are+Rivals+for+Israel%27s+Future&rft.pages=Section+A%2C+Page+3%2C+Column+1&rft.date=1999-04-20&rft.aulast=Sontag&rft.aufirst=Deborah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1999%2F04%2F20%2Fworld%2F2-who-share-a-past-are-rivals-for-israel-s-future.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKlein2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Aaron_Klein" title="Aaron Klein">Klein, Aaron</a> (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/strikingback197200klei">Striking Back: The 1972 Munich Olympics Massacre and Israel's Deadly Response</a>. New York: Random House. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-920769-80-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-920769-80-2"><bdi>978-1-920769-80-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Striking+Back%3A+The+1972+Munich+Olympics+Massacre+and+Israel%27s+Deadly+Response&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Random+House&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-920769-80-2&rft.aulast=Klein&rft.aufirst=Aaron&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fstrikingback197200klei&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBerger2002" class="citation news cs1">Berger, Robert (5 September 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/munich-massacre-remembered/">"Munich Massacre Remembered"</a>. CBS News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20021012090125/https://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2002/09/05/world/main520865.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on 12 October 2002. Retrieved 17 July 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Munich+Massacre+Remembered&rft.date=2002-09-05&rft.aulast=Berger&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fnews%2Fmunich-massacre-remembered%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorris2001" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Benny_Morris" title="Benny Morris">Morris, Benny</a> (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/righteousvictims00morr_0/page/383">Righteous Victims: A History of the Zionist-Arab Conflict, 1881–2001</a>. Vintage Books. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/righteousvictims00morr_0/page/383">383</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-679-74475-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-679-74475-7"><bdi>978-0-679-74475-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Righteous+Victims%3A+A+History+of+the+Zionist-Arab+Conflict%2C+1881%E2%80%932001&rft.pages=383&rft.pub=Vintage+Books&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-679-74475-7&rft.aulast=Morris&rft.aufirst=Benny&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Frighteousvictims00morr_0%2Fpage%2F383&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120128140355/http://www.un.int/wcm/content/site/palestine/cache/offonce/pid/12354%3Bjsessionid%3D704B7796CCBC72ACC579828A2197F8B9">"Political Program Adopted at the 12th Session of the Palestine National Council"</a>. Permanent Observer Mission of Palestine to the United Nations. 8 June 1974. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.un.int/wcm/content/site/palestine/cache/offonce/pid/12354;jsessionid=704B7796CCBC72ACC579828A2197F8B9">the original</a> on 28 January 2012. Retrieved 5 July 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Political+Program+Adopted+at+the+12th+Session+of+the+Palestine+National+Council&rft.pub=Permanent+Observer+Mission+of+Palestine+to+the+United+Nations&rft.date=1974-06-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.un.int%2Fwcm%2Fcontent%2Fsite%2Fpalestine%2Fcache%2Foffonce%2Fpid%2F12354%3Bjsessionid%3D704B7796CCBC72ACC579828A2197F8B9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Recognition-69">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Recognition_69-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Recognition_69-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Recognition_69-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFAburish1998">Aburish 1998</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/arafatfromdefend0001abur/page/140">140–142</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://2001-2009.state.gov/documents/organization/67584.pdf">"The Seizure of the Saudi Arabian Embassy in Khartoum"</a> (PDF). U.S. Department of State. 4 May 2006. Retrieved 17 June 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Seizure+of+the+Saudi+Arabian+Embassy+in+Khartoum&rft.pub=U.S.+Department+of+State&rft.date=2006-05-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2F2001-2009.state.gov%2Fdocuments%2Forganization%2F67584.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aad.archives.gov/aad/createpdf?rid=7867&dt=2472&dl=1345">"William Rogers to the Embassy at Fort Lamy"</a>. 13 March 1973. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111113225326/https://aad.archives.gov/aad/createpdf?rid=7867&dt=2472&dl=1345">Archived</a> from the original on 13 November 2011. Retrieved 18 September 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=William+Rogers+to+the+Embassy+at+Fort+Lamy&rft.date=1973-03-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Faad.archives.gov%2Faad%2Fcreatepdf%3Frid%3D7867%26dt%3D2472%26dl%3D1345&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rejectionists-72">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Rejectionists_72-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rejectionists_72-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFAburish1998">Aburish 1998</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/arafatfromdefend0001abur/page/252">252–261</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aad.archives.gov/aad/createpdf?rid=19031&dt=2472&dl=1345">"'Arafat's "Mediation" Between Iraq and Kuwait"</a>. US Embassy in Beirut. 4 April 1973. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111113223636/https://aad.archives.gov/aad/createpdf?rid=19031&dt=2472&dl=1345">Archived</a> from the original on 13 November 2011. Retrieved 18 September 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%27Arafat%27s+%22Mediation%22+Between+Iraq+and+Kuwait&rft.pub=US+Embassy+in+Beirut&rft.date=1973-04-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Faad.archives.gov%2Faad%2Fcreatepdf%3Frid%3D19031%26dt%3D2472%26dl%3D1345&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120208084101/http://unispal.un.org/UNISPAL.NSF/0/A238EC7A3E13EED18525624A007697EC">"PLENARY MEETING Wednesday, 13 November 1974"</a>. United Nations. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://unispal.un.org/UNISPAL.NSF/0/A238EC7A3E13EED18525624A007697EC">the original</a> on 8 February 2012. Retrieved 5 July 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=PLENARY+MEETING+Wednesday%2C+13+November+1974&rft.pub=United+Nations&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Funispal.un.org%2FUNISPAL.NSF%2F0%2FA238EC7A3E13EED18525624A007697EC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNichols,_Mark1977" class="citation web cs1">Nichols, Mark (17 December 1977). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1946&dat=19771217&id=tpcuAAAAIBAJ&pg=2722,497603">"Five Minutes to Midnight"</a>. The Gazette (Montreal). Retrieved 5 July 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Gazette+%28Montreal%29&rft.atitle=Five+Minutes+to+Midnight&rft.date=1977-12-17&rft.au=Nichols%2C+Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fnid%3D1946%26dat%3D19771217%26id%3DtpcuAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D2722%2C497603&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"> "All Yasser Arafat had in his holster at the UN was a pair of dark glasses." </li> <li id="cite_note-'70s_319-76"><a href="#cite_ref-'70s_319_76-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrum2000" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Frum" title="David Frum">Frum, David</a> (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/howwegothere70sd00frum/page/319">How We Got Here: The '70s</a>. New York, New York: Basic Books. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/howwegothere70sd00frum/page/319">319–320</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-465-04195-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-465-04195-4"><bdi>978-0-465-04195-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=How+We+Got+Here%3A+The+%2770s&rft.place=New+York%2C+New+York&rft.pages=319-320&rft.pub=Basic+Books&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-465-04195-4&rft.aulast=Frum&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhowwegothere70sd00frum%2Fpage%2F319&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLaville2007" class="citation news cs1">Laville, Sandra (3 August 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2007/aug/04/ukcrime.sandralaville">"Big Daddy's boy: Idi Amin's son jailed in Britain over Somali gang murder"</a>. The Guardian. Retrieved 17 June 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Big+Daddy%27s+boy%3A+Idi+Amin%27s+son+jailed+in+Britain+over+Somali+gang+murder&rft.date=2007-08-03&rft.aulast=Laville&rft.aufirst=Sandra&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fuk%2F2007%2Faug%2F04%2Fukcrime.sandralaville&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060619152021/http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/philg/2003/04/14/biographical-focus-idi-amin/">"Biographical Focus: Idi Amin"</a>. 14 April 2003. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/philg/2003/04/14/biographical-focus-idi-amin/">the original</a> on 19 June 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Biographical+Focus%3A+Idi+Amin&rft.date=2003-04-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblogs.law.harvard.edu%2Fphilg%2F2003%2F04%2F14%2Fbiographical-focus-idi-amin%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lebanese_Civil_War-79">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lebanese_Civil_War_79-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lebanese_Civil_War_79-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lebanese_Civil_War_79-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lebanese_Civil_War_79-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lebanese_Civil_War_79-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lebanese_Civil_War_79-5">f</a> <a href="#CITEREFAburish1998">Aburish 1998</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/arafatfromdefend0001abur/page/150">150–175</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMardelli2012" class="citation book cs1">Mardelli, Bassil A. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JN24YPHPibQC&q=Maaruf+Saad">Middle East Perspectives: From Lebanon</a>. iUniverse. p. 260. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781475906721" title="Special:BookSources/9781475906721"><bdi>9781475906721</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Middle+East+Perspectives%3A+From+Lebanon&rft.pages=260&rft.pub=iUniverse&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9781475906721&rft.aulast=Mardelli&rft.aufirst=Bassil+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJN24YPHPibQC%26q%3DMaaruf%2BSaad&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chomsky-81"><a href="#cite_ref-Chomsky_81-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChomsky1999" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Noam_Chomsky" title="Noam Chomsky">Chomsky, Noam</a> (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/fatefultriangleu0000chom_j7d0">The Fateful Triangle: The United States, Israel and the Palestinians</a>. <a href="/wiki/South_End_Press" title="South End Press">South End Press</a>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/fatefultriangleu0000chom_j7d0/page/184">184</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-89608-601-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-89608-601-2"><bdi>978-0-89608-601-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Fateful+Triangle%3A+The+United+States%2C+Israel+and+the+Palestinians&rft.pages=184&rft.pub=South+End+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-89608-601-2&rft.aulast=Chomsky&rft.aufirst=Noam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffatefultriangleu0000chom_j7d0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-LAA-82">^ <a href="#cite_ref-LAA_82-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-LAA_82-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/19980205063801/http://www.laa.org/tours/thewar.htm">"The Civil War... 1975, Regional Intervention"</a>. The Lebanese-American Association. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.laa.org/tours/thewar.htm">the original</a> on 5 February 1998.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Civil+War...+1975%2C+Regional+Intervention&rft.pub=The+Lebanese-American+Association&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.laa.org%2Ftours%2Fthewar.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Harris-83"><a href="#cite_ref-Harris_83-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarris1996" class="citation book cs1">Harris, William (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/facesoflebanonse0000harr/page/162">Faces of Lebanon. Sects, Wars, and Global Extensions</a>. Markus Wiener Publishers. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/facesoflebanonse0000harr/page/162">162–165</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55876-115-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55876-115-5"><bdi>978-1-55876-115-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Faces+of+Lebanon.+Sects%2C+Wars%2C+and+Global+Extensions&rft.pages=162-165&rft.pub=Markus+Wiener+Publishers&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-1-55876-115-5&rft.aulast=Harris&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffacesoflebanonse0000harr%2Fpage%2F162&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nisan,_2003-84"><a href="#cite_ref-Nisan,_2003_84-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFNisan2003">Nisan 2003</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarris" class="citation book cs1">Harris, William. Faces of Lebanon. Sects, Wars, and Global Extensions. pp. 162–165. <q>Perhaps 3,000 Palestinians, mostly civilians, died in the siege and its aftermath.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Faces+of+Lebanon.+Sects%2C+Wars%2C+and+Global+Extensions&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E162-%3C%2Fspan%3E165&rft.aulast=Harris&rft.aufirst=William&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"> This source states that 2,000 were killed: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.111101.net/facts/history/chronology/index.html?https://www.111101.net/facts/history/chronology/phase.php?year=1976">"Lebanese war chronology 1975–1990"</a>. 111101.net. Retrieved 12 February 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=111101.net&rft.atitle=Lebanese+war+chronology+1975%E2%80%931990&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.111101.net%2Ffacts%2Fhistory%2Fchronology%2Findex.html%3Fhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.111101.net%2Ffacts%2Fhistory%2Fchronology%2Fphase.php%3Fyear%3D1976&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Foreign%20Relations/Israels%20Foreign%20Relations%20since%201947/1977-1979/133%20Statement%20to%20the%20press%20by%20Prime%20Minister%20Begin">"133 Statement to the press by Prime Minister Begin on the massacre of Israelis on the Haifa – Tel Aviv Road"</a>. Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 12 March 1978. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040815085643/http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Foreign%20Relations/Israels%20Foreign%20Relations%20since%201947/1977-1979/133%20Statement%20to%20the%20press%20by%20Prime%20Minister%20Begin">Archived</a> from the original on 15 August 2004. Retrieved 9 October 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=133+Statement+to+the+press+by+Prime+Minister+Begin+on+the+massacre+of+Israelis+on+the+Haifa+%E2%80%93+Tel+Aviv+Road&rft.pub=Israel+Ministry+of+Foreign+Affairs&rft.date=1978-03-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mfa.gov.il%2FMFA%2FForeign%2520Relations%2FIsraels%2520Foreign%2520Relations%2520since%25201947%2F1977-1979%2F133%2520Statement%2520to%2520the%2520press%2520by%2520Prime%2520Minister%2520Begin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/country_profiles/819200.stm">"Time Line: Lebanon: Israel Controls South"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>. 9 October 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071015140706/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/country_profiles/819200.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 15 October 2007. Retrieved 9 October 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Time+Line%3A+Lebanon%3A+Israel+Controls+South&rft.date=2007-10-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fmiddle_east%2Fcountry_profiles%2F819200.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChomsky1999" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Noam_Chomsky" title="Noam Chomsky">Chomsky, Noam</a> (1999). Fatal Triangle. p. 346.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fatal+Triangle&rft.pages=346&rft.date=1999&rft.aulast=Chomsky&rft.aufirst=Noam&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-unfit"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060509054943/http://www.liberty05.com/civilwar/civil1.html">"The Battle of Tel al-Zaatar"</a>. Liberty 05. Archived from the original on 9 May 2006. Retrieved 25 August 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Liberty+05&rft.atitle=The+Battle+of+Tel+al-Zaatar&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.liberty05.com%2Fcivilwar%2Fcivil1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Starr2021-90">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Starr2021_90-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Starr2021_90-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Starr2021_90-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStarr2021" class="citation web cs1">Starr, Paul (24 November 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jewishjournal.com/judaism/obituaries/342683/lebanese-jew-reached-out-to-arafat-to-protect-synagogue/">"Lebanese Jew Reached Out to Arafat to Protect Synagogue"</a>. Jewish Journal. Retrieved 18 October 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Jewish+Journal&rft.atitle=Lebanese+Jew+Reached+Out+to+Arafat+to+Protect+Synagogue&rft.date=2021-11-24&rft.aulast=Starr&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjewishjournal.com%2Fjudaism%2Fobituaries%2F342683%2Flebanese-jew-reached-out-to-arafat-to-protect-synagogue%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Foreign%20Relations/Israels%20Foreign%20Relations%20since%201947/1984-1988/92%20Press%20Conference%20Following%20Israel%20Air%20Force%20Att">"92 Press Conference Following Israel Air Force Attack on PLO base in Tunis"</a>. Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 1 November 1985. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070311051911/http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Foreign%20Relations/Israels%20Foreign%20Relations%20since%201947/1984-1988/92%20Press%20Conference%20Following%20Israel%20Air%20Force%20Att">Archived</a> from the original on 11 March 2007. Retrieved 25 August 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=92+Press+Conference+Following+Israel+Air+Force+Attack+on+PLO+base+in+Tunis&rft.pub=Israeli+Ministry+of+Foreign+Affairs&rft.date=1985-11-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mfa.gov.il%2FMFA%2FForeign%2520Relations%2FIsraels%2520Foreign%2520Relations%2520since%25201947%2F1984-1988%2F92%2520Press%2520Conference%2520Following%2520Israel%2520Air%2520Force%2520Att&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Middle_East_International" title="Middle East International">Middle East International</a> No 289, 5 December 1986; Publishers <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Mayhew" title="Christopher Mayhew">Lord Mayhew</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dennis_Walters" title="Dennis Walters">Dennis Walters MP</a>; <a href="/wiki/Jim_Muir" title="Jim Muir">Jim Muir</a> pp.10–11; No 291, 9 January 1987; Jim Muir pp.3–4 </li> <li id="cite_note-Intifada-93">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Intifada_93-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Intifada_93-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Intifada_93-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Intifada_93-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Intifada_93-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Intifada_93-5">f</a> <a href="#CITEREFAburish1998">Aburish 1998</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/arafatfromdefend0001abur/page/201">201–228</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRon,_Jonathan" class="citation cs2">Ron, Jonathan, An Analysis of the Strategies and Tactics of the Palestinians and Israelis, <a href="/wiki/Tufts_University" title="Tufts University">Tufts University</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Analysis+of+the+Strategies+and+Tactics+of+the+Palestinians+and+Israelis&rft.pub=Tufts+University&rft.au=Ron%2C+Jonathan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2">A Matter of Justice: Tax Resistance in Beit Sahour-Nonviolent Sanctions, Albert Einstein Institution, Spring–Summer 1992</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Matter+of+Justice%3A+Tax+Resistance+in+Beit+Sahour-Nonviolent+Sanctions&rft.pub=Albert+Einstein+Institution&rft.date=1992&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGilbert1998" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Martin_Gilbert" title="Martin Gilbert">Gilbert, Martin</a> (1998). Israel: a history. Doubleday. p. 418. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-385-40401-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-385-40401-3"><bdi>978-0-385-40401-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Israel%3A+a+history&rft.pages=418&rft.pub=Doubleday&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-385-40401-3&rft.aulast=Gilbert&rft.aufirst=Martin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130908061115/http://al-shabaka.org/sites/default/files/Khalil_PolicyBrief_MurphyToKissinger24Feb1976.pdf">"Margaret P. Grafeld Declassified/Released US Department of State EO Systematic Review"</a> (PDF). 4 May 2006. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://al-shabaka.org/sites/default/files/Khalil_PolicyBrief_MurphyToKissinger24Feb1976.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 8 September 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Margaret+P.+Grafeld+Declassified%2FReleased+US+Department+of+State+EO+Systematic+Review&rft.date=2006-05-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fal-shabaka.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2FKhalil_PolicyBrief_MurphyToKissinger24Feb1976.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEmmott2004" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Bill_Emmott" title="Bill Emmott">Emmott, Bill</a> (2004). 20:21 Vision: Twentieth-Century Lessons for the Twenty-First Century. Macmillan. p. 151.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=20%3A21+Vision%3A+Twentieth-Century+Lessons+for+the+Twenty-First+Century&rft.pages=151&rft.pub=Macmillan&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Emmott&rft.aufirst=Bill&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYounanStrickert2003" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Munib_Younan" title="Munib Younan">Younan, Munib</a>; Strickert, Frederick M. (2003). Witnessing for Peace. <a href="/wiki/Fortress_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Fortress Press">Fortress Press</a>. p. 111.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Witnessing+for+Peace&rft.pages=111&rft.pub=Fortress+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Younan&rft.aufirst=Munib&rft.au=Strickert%2C+Frederick+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlankley2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Tony_Blankley" title="Tony Blankley">Blankley, Tony</a> (2005). The West's last chance. <a href="/wiki/Regnery_Publishing" title="Regnery Publishing">Regnery Publishing</a>. p. 77.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+West%27s+last+chance&rft.pages=77&rft.pub=Regnery+Publishing&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Blankley&rft.aufirst=Tony&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120119053745/http://mondediplo.com/focus/mideast/arafat88-en">"Yasser Arafat, Speech at UN General Assembly Geneva, General Assembly 13 December 1988"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Le_Monde_diplomatique" title="Le Monde diplomatique">Le Monde diplomatique</a>. 13 December 1988. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mondediplo.com/focus/mideast/arafat88-en">the original</a> on 19 January 2012. Retrieved 27 October 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Le+Monde+diplomatique&rft.atitle=Yasser+Arafat%2C+Speech+at+UN+General+Assembly+Geneva%2C+General+Assembly+13+December+1988&rft.date=1988-12-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmondediplo.com%2Ffocus%2Fmideast%2Farafat88-en&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070804051541/http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,136880,00.html">"Timeline: Yasser Arafat"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Fox_News" title="Fox News">Fox News</a>. <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>. 8 February 2005. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,136880,00.html">the original</a> on 4 August 2007. Retrieved 27 July 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Timeline%3A+Yasser+Arafat&rft.date=2005-02-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.foxnews.com%2Fstory%2F0%2C2933%2C136880%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Palestinian_peace-103">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Palestinian_peace_103-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Palestinian_peace_103-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarter2006" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Carter, James</a> (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/palestinepeaceno00cart">Palestine Peace Not Apartheid</a>. New York: Simon & Schuster, Inc. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/palestinepeaceno00cart/page/147">147</a>–150. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7432-8502-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7432-8502-5"><bdi>978-0-7432-8502-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Palestine+Peace+Not+Apartheid&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=147-150&rft.pub=Simon+%26+Schuster%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-7432-8502-5&rft.aulast=Carter&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpalestinepeaceno00cart&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Peace/gazajer.html">"Agreement on the Gaza Strip and the Jericho Area"</a>. Jewish Virtual Library. The American-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise. 4 May 1994. Retrieved 17 June 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Jewish+Virtual+Library&rft.atitle=Agreement+on+the+Gaza+Strip+and+the+Jericho+Area&rft.date=1994-05-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jewishvirtuallibrary.org%2Fjsource%2FPeace%2Fgazajer.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://2001-2009.state.gov/p/nea/rls/22579.htm">"Israel-PLO Recognition: Exchange of Letters Between PM Rabin and Chairman Arafat"</a>. U.S. State Department Bureau of Near Eastern Affairs. 3 September 1993. Retrieved 17 June 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Israel-PLO+Recognition%3A+Exchange+of+Letters+Between+PM+Rabin+and+Chairman+Arafat&rft.pub=U.S.+State+Department+Bureau+of+Near+Eastern+Affairs&rft.date=1993-09-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2F2001-2009.state.gov%2Fp%2Fnea%2Frls%2F22579.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Oslo_Accords-106">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Oslo_Accords_106-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Oslo_Accords_106-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/october/14/newsid_3694000/3694744.stm">"1994: Israelis and Arafat share peace prize"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>. 3 September 1993. Retrieved 16 June 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=1994%3A+Israelis+and+Arafat+share+peace+prize&rft.date=1993-09-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2Fonthisday%2Fhi%2Fdates%2Fstories%2Foctober%2F14%2Fnewsid_3694000%2F3694744.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-After_Oslo-107">^ <a href="#cite_ref-After_Oslo_107-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-After_Oslo_107-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-After_Oslo_107-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-After_Oslo_107-3">d</a> <a href="#CITEREFAburish1998">Aburish 1998</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/arafatfromdefend0001abur/page/262">262–292</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeikal1996" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Hassanein_Heikal" title="Mohamed Hassanein Heikal">Heikal, Mohammed</a> (1996). Secret Channels. HarperCollins Publishing. p. 479. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-00-638337-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-00-638337-6"><bdi>978-0-00-638337-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Secret+Channels&rft.pages=479&rft.pub=HarperCollins+Publishing&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-00-638337-6&rft.aulast=Heikal&rft.aufirst=Mohammed&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Constitution_of_Palestine_(1994)" class="extiw" title="s:Constitution of Palestine (1994)">Constitution of Palestine (1994)</a> <a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> 26 July 2006. Accessed on17 June 2024. </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://english.alarabiya.net/articles/2010/05/02/107512">"Former Palestinian Jewish Minister Hirsch dies"</a>. Al Arabiya English. 2 May 2010. Retrieved 27 November 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al+Arabiya+English&rft.atitle=Former+Palestinian+Jewish+Minister+Hirsch+dies&rft.date=2010-05-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fenglish.alarabiya.net%2Farticles%2F2010%2F05%2F02%2F107512&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFForgione2004" class="citation web cs1">Forgione, Fabio (October 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080111224551/http://www.phrmg.org/Corruption%20in%20the%20Palestinian%20Authority.htm">"The Chaos of Corruption, Challenges for the improvement of the Palestinian Society: VI. PA security service, 1. Abuses, torture and infringements of the law"</a>. The Palestinian Human Rights Monitoring Group (PHRMG). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.phrmg.org/Corruption%20in%20the%20Palestinian%20Authority.htm">the original</a> on 11 January 2008. Retrieved 4 November 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Chaos+of+Corruption%2C+Challenges+for+the+improvement+of+the+Palestinian+Society%3A+VI.+PA+security+service%2C+1.+Abuses%2C+torture+and+infringements+of+the+law&rft.pub=The+Palestinian+Human+Rights+Monitoring+Group+%28PHRMG%29&rft.date=2004-10&rft.aulast=Forgione&rft.aufirst=Fabio&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.phrmg.org%2FCorruption%2520in%2520the%2520Palestinian%2520Authority.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-PASSIA-112"><a href="#cite_ref-PASSIA_112-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130729174648/http://www.passia.org/palestine_facts/chronology/19941995.htm">"Palestine Facts: 1994–1995"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Academic_Society_for_the_Study_of_International_Affairs" title="Palestinian Academic Society for the Study of International Affairs">Palestinian Academic Society for the Study of International Affairs</a> (PASSIA). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.passia.org/palestine_facts/chronology/19941995.htm">the original</a> on 29 July 2013. Retrieved 15 March 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Palestine+Facts%3A+1994%E2%80%931995&rft.pub=Palestinian+Academic+Society+for+the+Study+of+International+Affairs+%28PASSIA%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.passia.org%2Fpalestine_facts%2Fchronology%2F19941995.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiller2004" class="citation news cs1">Miller, Judith (10 November 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2004/11/10/international/middleeast/10WIRE-ARAFAT.html?pagewanted=print&position=">"Obituary: Yasir Arafat, Palestinian Leader, Dies at 75"</a>. The New York Times. Retrieved 17 June 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Obituary%3A+Yasir+Arafat%2C+Palestinian+Leader%2C+Dies+at+75&rft.date=2004-11-10&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Judith&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2004%2F11%2F10%2Finternational%2Fmiddleeast%2F10WIRE-ARAFAT.html%3Fpagewanted%3Dprint%26position%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAburish1998">Aburish 1998</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/arafatfromdefend0001abur/page/293">293–320</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/2393677.stm">"Profile: Binyamin Netanyahu"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>. 20 December 2005. Retrieved 17 June 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Profile%3A+Binyamin+Netanyahu&rft.date=2005-12-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fworld%2Fmiddle_east%2F2393677.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/2558451.stm">"Hardliners Gain Around Likud Vote"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>. 9 December 2002. Retrieved 17 June 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Hardliners+Gain+Around+Likud+Vote&rft.date=2002-12-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fmiddle_east%2F2558451.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20010715073548/https://www.knesset.gov.il/process/docs/wye_eng.htm">"The Wye River Memorandum"</a>. The State of Israel (Translated from Hebrew). 23 October 1998. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.knesset.gov.il/process/docs/wye_eng.htm">the original</a> on 15 July 2001. Retrieved 24 August 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Wye+River+Memorandum&rft.pub=The+State+of+Israel+%28Translated+from+Hebrew%29&rft.date=1998-10-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.knesset.gov.il%2Fprocess%2Fdocs%2Fwye_eng.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Arafat_Timeline-118">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Arafat_Timeline_118-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Arafat_Timeline_118-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Arafat_Timeline_118-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Arafat_Timeline_118-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120229043817/http://www.passia.org/Arafat/Arafat.pdf">"Yasser Arafat (1929–2004)"</a> (PDF). PASSIA. 11 December 2004. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.passia.org/Arafat/Arafat.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 29 February 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Yasser+Arafat+%281929%E2%80%932004%29&rft.pub=PASSIA&rft.date=2004-12-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.passia.org%2FArafat%2FArafat.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/4002497.stm">"Mid-East press reflects on Arafat legacy"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>. 5 November 2004. Retrieved 17 June 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Mid-East+press+reflects+on+Arafat+legacy&rft.date=2004-11-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fmiddle_east%2F4002497.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-From_Defender_to_Dictator-120">^ <a href="#cite_ref-From_Defender_to_Dictator_120-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-From_Defender_to_Dictator_120-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-From_Defender_to_Dictator_120-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFAburish1998">Aburish 1998</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/arafatfromdefend0001abur/page/321">321–325</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeyer2004" class="citation magazine cs1"><a href="/wiki/Lisa_Beyer" title="Lisa Beyer">Beyer, Lisa</a> (12 November 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20041113105711/http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,781566-2,00.html">"A Life in Retrospect: Yasser Arafat"</a>. Time. p. 2. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,781566-2,00.html">the original</a> on 13 November 2004. Retrieved 24 August 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=A+Life+in+Retrospect%3A+Yasser+Arafat&rft.pages=2&rft.date=2004-11-12&rft.aulast=Beyer&rft.aufirst=Lisa&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fworld%2Farticle%2F0%2C8599%2C781566-2%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hartp27-122">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hartp27_122-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hartp27_122-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFHart1989">Hart 1989</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/arafatpoliticalb00hart/page/27">27</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hartp320-123"><a href="#cite_ref-Hartp320_123-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHart1989">Hart 1989</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/arafatpoliticalb00hart/page/320">320</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hartp429-124"><a href="#cite_ref-Hartp429_124-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHart1989">Hart 1989</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/arafatpoliticalb00hart/page/429">429</a>–430 </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPragerMurray_J._GartYasser_Arafat1988" class="citation magazine cs1">Prager, Karsten; Murray J. Gart; Yasser Arafat (7 November 1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101126171152/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,968859,00.html">"Interview: with Yasser Arafat: Knowing the Enemy"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,968859,00.html">the original</a> on 26 November 2010. Retrieved 30 January 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=Interview%3A+with+Yasser+Arafat%3A+Knowing+the+Enemy&rft.date=1988-11-07&rft.aulast=Prager&rft.aufirst=Karsten&rft.au=Murray+J.+Gart&rft.au=Yasser+Arafat&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fmagazine%2Farticle%2F0%2C9171%2C968859%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/3677206.stm">"Al-Aqsa Intifada timeline: 2002"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>. 29 September 2004. Retrieved 17 June 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Al-Aqsa+Intifada+timeline%3A+2002&rft.date=2004-09-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fmiddle_east%2F3677206.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbu_Toameh2010" class="citation news cs1">Abu Toameh, Khaled (29 September 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101008232514/http://www.jpost.com/LandedPages/PrintArticle.aspx?id=189574">"Arafat ordered Hamas attacks against Israel in 2000"</a>. The Jerusalem Post. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jpost.com/LandedPages/PrintArticle.aspx?id=189574">the original</a> on 8 October 2010. <q>This was the first time that a senior Hamas official disclosed that some of the Hamas suicide bombings during the second intifada, which erupted 10 years ago, were ordered by Arafat. Until now it was widely believed that Arafat had only ordered his Fatah militiamen to carry out terror attacks on Israel.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Jerusalem+Post&rft.atitle=Arafat+ordered+Hamas+attacks+against+Israel+in+2000&rft.date=2010-09-29&rft.aulast=Abu+Toameh&rft.aufirst=Khaled&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpost.com%2FLandedPages%2FPrintArticle.aspx%3Fid%3D189574&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBowen2003" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Bowen" title="Jeremy Bowen">Bowen, Jeremy</a> (7 November 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/3243071.stm">"Palestinian Authority funds go to militants"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>. Retrieved 17 June 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Palestinian+Authority+funds+go+to+militants&rft.date=2003-11-07&rft.aulast=Bowen&rft.aufirst=Jeremy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fmiddle_east%2F3243071.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNaveh2002" class="citation web cs1">Naveh, Dani (6 May 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mfa.gov.il/MFA/ForeignPolicy/Terrorism/Palestinian/Pages/The%20Involvement%20of%20Arafat-%20PA%20Senior%20Officials%20and.aspx">"The Involvement of Arafat, PA Senior Officials and Apparatuses in Terrorism against Israel- Corruption and Crime"</a>. Ministry of Foreign Affairs – The State of Israel. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141121114246/http://mfa.gov.il/MFA/ForeignPolicy/Terrorism/Palestinian/Pages/The%20Involvement%20of%20Arafat-%20PA%20Senior%20Officials%20and.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 21 November 2014. Retrieved 5 July 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Involvement+of+Arafat%2C+PA+Senior+Officials+and+Apparatuses+in+Terrorism+against+Israel-+Corruption+and+Crime&rft.pub=Ministry+of+Foreign+Affairs+%E2%80%93+The+State+of+Israel&rft.date=2002-05-06&rft.aulast=Naveh&rft.aufirst=Dani&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmfa.gov.il%2FMFA%2FForeignPolicy%2FTerrorism%2FPalestinian%2FPages%2FThe%2520Involvement%2520of%2520Arafat-%2520PA%2520Senior%2520Officials%2520and.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/1473585.stm">"Profile: Marwan Barghouti"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>. 20 May 2004. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040611150405/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/1473585.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 11 June 2004. Retrieved 17 June 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Profile%3A+Marwan+Barghouti&rft.date=2004-05-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fmiddle_east%2F1473585.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/1392784/Arafat-siege-to-end-as-handover-agreed.html">"Arafat siege to end as handover agreed"</a>. The Daily Telegraph. London. 1 May 2002. Retrieved 17 June 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Arafat+siege+to+end+as+handover+agreed&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2F1392784%2FArafat-siege-to-end-as-handover-agreed.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a> Taylor & Francis Group (2004) Europa World Year Book 2: Kazakhstan-Zimbabwe Published by Taylor & Francis, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85743-255-X" title="Special:BookSources/1-85743-255-X">1-85743-255-X</a> p 3314 </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchmemann2002" class="citation news cs1">Schmemann, Serge (22 September 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9A07E6DE1739F931A1575AC0A9649C8B63&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=2">"Arafat Remains Defiant Amid Rubble of His Compound"</a>. The New York Times. Retrieved 17 June 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Arafat+Remains+Defiant+Amid+Rubble+of+His+Compound&rft.date=2002-09-22&rft.aulast=Schmemann&rft.aufirst=Serge&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fquery.nytimes.com%2Fgst%2Ffullpage.html%3Fres%3D9A07E6DE1739F931A1575AC0A9649C8B63%26sec%3D%26spon%3D%26pagewanted%3D2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Larsen-134"><a href="#cite_ref-Larsen_134-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHuggler2002" class="citation web cs1">Huggler, Justin (28 September 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040601141232/http://news.independent.co.uk/world/middle_east/story.jsp?story=337411">"Israeli siege of Arafat 'is killing peace hope'"</a>. The Independent. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.independent.co.uk/world/middle_east/story.jsp?story=337411">the original</a> on 1 June 2004. Retrieved 16 October 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Israeli+siege+of+Arafat+%27is+killing+peace+hope%27&rft.date=2002-09-28&rft.aulast=Huggler&rft.aufirst=Justin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.independent.co.uk%2Fworld%2Fmiddle_east%2Fstory.jsp%3Fstory%3D337411&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-alhram_647-135"><a href="#cite_ref-alhram_647_135-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAmayreh2003" class="citation web cs1">Amayreh, Khalid (11 August 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030811171247/http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2003/647/re2.htm">"Arafat vs Abbas"</a>. Al-Ahram Weekly. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2003/647/re2.htm">the original</a> on 11 August 2003. Retrieved 12 February 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al-Ahram+Weekly&rft.atitle=Arafat+vs+Abbas&rft.date=2003-08-11&rft.aulast=Amayreh&rft.aufirst=Khalid&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fweekly.ahram.org.eg%2F2003%2F647%2Fre2.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/3102154.stm">"Excerpts: Israeli security cabinet statement"</a>. BBC. 11 September 2003. Retrieved 12 February 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Excerpts%3A+Israeli+security+cabinet+statement&rft.date=2003-09-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fmiddle_east%2F3102154.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrean2003" class="citation web cs1">Crean, Ellen (29 September 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/new-palestinian-cabinet-okd/">"New Palestinian Cabinet OK'd"</a>. cbsnews.com. Associated Press. Retrieved 12 February 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=cbsnews.com&rft.atitle=New+Palestinian+Cabinet+OK%27d&rft.date=2003-09-29&rft.aulast=Crean&rft.aufirst=Ellen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fnews%2Fnew-palestinian-cabinet-okd%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShlaimTribune2003" class="citation news cs1">Shlaim, Avi; Tribune, International Herald (24 September 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2003/09/24/opinion/IHT-israel-and-palestine-the-real-obstacle-to-peace-is-sharon-not.html">"Opinion | Israel and Palestine : The real obstacle to peace is Sharon, not Arafat"</a>. The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Retrieved 12 February 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Opinion+%26%23124%3B+Israel+and+Palestine+%3A+The+real+obstacle+to+peace+is+Sharon%2C+not+Arafat&rft.date=2003-09-24&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Shlaim&rft.aufirst=Avi&rft.au=Tribune%2C+International+Herald&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2003%2F09%2F24%2Fopinion%2FIHT-israel-and-palestine-the-real-obstacle-to-peace-is-sharon-not.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrean2003" class="citation web cs1">Crean, Ellen (15 September 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/killing-arafat-an-option/">"Killing Arafat An Option"</a>. cbsnews.com. CBS. Associated Press. Retrieved 12 February 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=cbsnews.com&rft.atitle=Killing+Arafat+An+Option&rft.date=2003-09-15&rft.aulast=Crean&rft.aufirst=Ellen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fnews%2Fkilling-arafat-an-option%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151208123439/http://news.sky.com/story/211601/mid-east-on-edge-of-abyss-arafat-aide">"Mid-East 'On Edge of Abyss': Arafat Aide"</a>. Sky News. 11 September 2003. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.sky.com/story/211601/mid-east-on-edge-of-abyss-arafat-aide">the original</a> on 8 December 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sky+News&rft.atitle=Mid-East+%27On+Edge+of+Abyss%27%3A+Arafat+Aide&rft.date=2003-09-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.sky.com%2Fstory%2F211601%2Fmid-east-on-edge-of-abyss-arafat-aide&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151208112505/http://www.thesundaytimes.co.uk/sto/news/world_news/article41835.ece">"Israel's SAS prepares to snatch Arafat"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Sunday_Times" title="The Sunday Times">The Sunday Times</a>. 14 September 2003. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thesundaytimes.co.uk/sto/news/world_news/article41835.ece">the original</a> on 8 December 2015. Retrieved 12 February 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Sunday+Times&rft.atitle=Israel%27s+SAS+prepares+to+snatch+Arafat&rft.date=2003-09-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thesundaytimes.co.uk%2Fsto%2Fnews%2Fworld_news%2Farticle41835.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrean2003" class="citation web cs1">Crean, Ellen (14 September 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/arafat-to-israel-lets-talk-peace/">"Arafat To Israel: Let's Talk Peace"</a>. cbsnews.com. Associated Press. Retrieved 12 February 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=cbsnews.com&rft.atitle=Arafat+To+Israel%3A+Let%27s+Talk+Peace&rft.date=2003-09-14&rft.aulast=Crean&rft.aufirst=Ellen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fnews%2Farafat-to-israel-lets-talk-peace%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHillman2003" class="citation news cs1">Hillman, G. Robert (19 September 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071013215544/http://media.www.westerncourier.com/media/storage/paper650/news/2003/09/19/Nation/Bush-Dismisses.Arafat.Pushes.For.New.Leader-470765.shtml">"Bush dismisses Arafat as Partner, Pushes for New Leader"</a>. The Dallas Morning News. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://media.www.westerncourier.com/media/storage/paper650/news/2003/09/19/Nation/Bush-Dismisses.Arafat.Pushes.For.New.Leader-470765.shtml">the original</a> on 13 October 2007. Retrieved 21 July 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Dallas+Morning+News&rft.atitle=Bush+dismisses+Arafat+as+Partner%2C+Pushes+for+New+Leader&rft.date=2003-09-19&rft.aulast=Hillman&rft.aufirst=G.+Robert&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmedia.www.westerncourier.com%2Fmedia%2Fstorage%2Fpaper650%2Fnews%2F2003%2F09%2F19%2FNation%2FBush-Dismisses.Arafat.Pushes.For.New.Leader-470765.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-billions-144">^ <a href="#cite_ref-billions_144-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-billions_144-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-billions_144-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcDermott2003" class="citation web cs1">McDermott, Tricia (7 November 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/arafats-billions/">"Arafat's Billions: One Man's Quest To Track Down Unaccounted-For Public Funds"</a>. cbsnews.com. Retrieved 12 February 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=cbsnews.com&rft.atitle=Arafat%27s+Billions%3A+One+Man%27s+Quest+To+Track+Down+Unaccounted-For+Public+Funds&rft.date=2003-11-07&rft.aulast=McDermott&rft.aufirst=Tricia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fnews%2Farafats-billions%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Alon-145"><a href="#cite_ref-Alon_145-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlonHass2002" class="citation news cs1">Alon, Gideon; <a href="/wiki/Amira_Hass" title="Amira Hass">Hass, Amira</a> (14 August 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071001004133/http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/pages/ShArt.jhtml?itemNo=197188&contrassID=1&subContrassID=0&sbSubContrassID=0">"MI chief: terror groups trying hard to pull off mega-attack"</a>. Haaretz. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/pages/ShArt.jhtml?itemNo=197188&contrassID=1&subContrassID=0&sbSubContrassID=0">the original</a> on 1 October 2007. Retrieved 21 July 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=MI+chief%3A+terror+groups+trying+hard+to+pull+off+mega-attack&rft.date=2002-08-14&rft.aulast=Alon&rft.aufirst=Gideon&rft.au=Hass%2C+Amira&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fhasen%2Fpages%2FShArt.jhtml%3FitemNo%3D197188%26contrassID%3D1%26subContrassID%3D0%26sbSubContrassID%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-146"><a href="#cite_ref-146">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150402172134/http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=newsarchive&sid=arNczoMikRug">"Arafat Diverted $900 Million to Private Account, IMF Says"</a>. Bloomberg News. 20 September 2003. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=newsarchive&sid=arNczoMikRug">the original</a> on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 8 September 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Arafat+Diverted+%24900+Million+to+Private+Account%2C+IMF+Says&rft.date=2003-09-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fapps%2Fnews%3Fpid%3Dnewsarchive%26sid%3DarNczoMikRug&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-147"><a href="#cite_ref-147">^</a> For a general overview of the crucial importance of foreign funding in the peace process, and the PNA's use of such aid, see Rex Brynen, A Very Political Economy: Peacebuilding and Foreign Aid in the West Bank and Gaza, United States Institute of Peace Press, 2000 </li> <li id="cite_note-148"><a href="#cite_ref-148">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cdn-friends-icej.co/medigest/jul98/backgrnd.html">"Backgrounder: Corruption in the PLO's Financial Empire"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Backgrounder%3A+Corruption+in+the+PLO%27s+Financial+Empire&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdn-friends-icej.co%2Fmedigest%2Fjul98%2Fbackgrnd.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">permanent dead link</a>‍] </li> <li id="cite_note-149"><a href="#cite_ref-149">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKatz2006" class="citation news cs1">Katz, Yaakov (17 May 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fr.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1145961361493&pagename=JPost/JPArticle/ShowFull">"'Arafat used aid to buy weapons"</a>. The Jerusalem Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111007112504/http://fr.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1145961361493&pagename=JPost/JPArticle/ShowFull">Archived</a> from the original on 7 October 2011. Retrieved 21 July 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Jerusalem+Post&rft.atitle=%27Arafat+used+aid+to+buy+weapons&rft.date=2006-05-17&rft.aulast=Katz&rft.aufirst=Yaakov&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffr.jpost.com%2Fservlet%2FSatellite%3Fcid%3D1145961361493%26pagename%3DJPost%2FJPArticle%2FShowFull&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-150"><a href="#cite_ref-150">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/MFAArchive/2000_2009/2002/4/Documents%20seized%20during%20Operation%20Defensive%20Shield">"Documents seized during Operation Defensive Shield linking Arafat to Terrorism"</a>. Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 15 April 2002. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040808183754/http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/MFAArchive/2000_2009/2002/4/Documents%20seized%20during%20Operation%20Defensive%20Shield">Archived</a> from the original on 8 August 2004. Retrieved 13 July 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Documents+seized+during+Operation+Defensive+Shield+linking+Arafat+to+Terrorism&rft.pub=Israel+Ministry+of+Foreign+Affairs&rft.date=2002-04-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mfa.gov.il%2FMFA%2FMFAArchive%2F2000_2009%2F2002%2F4%2FDocuments%2520seized%2520during%2520Operation%2520Defensive%2520Shield&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-151"><a href="#cite_ref-151">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.voanews.com/a/a-13-a-2002-04-03-27-israel-67566887/287571.html">"Israel Claims Finding Evidence Against Arafat – 2002-04-03"</a>. VOA. 30 October 2009. Retrieved 17 June 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=VOA&rft.atitle=Israel+Claims+Finding+Evidence+Against+Arafat+%E2%80%93+2002-04-03&rft.date=2009-10-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.voanews.com%2Fa%2Fa-13-a-2002-04-03-27-israel-67566887%2F287571.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-nytimes.com-152">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nytimes.com_152-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nytimes.com_152-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nytimes.com_152-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBergman2018" class="citation news cs1">Bergman, Ronen (23 January 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/23/magazine/how-arafat-eluded-israels-assassination-machine.html">"How Arafat Eluded Israel's Assassination Machine"</a>. The New York Times. Retrieved 13 January 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=How+Arafat+Eluded+Israel%27s+Assassination+Machine&rft.date=2018-01-23&rft.aulast=Bergman&rft.aufirst=Ronen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2018%2F01%2F23%2Fmagazine%2Fhow-arafat-eluded-israels-assassination-machine.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Government-153"><a href="#cite_ref-Government_153-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070930015507/http://www.tqnyc.org/NYC052021/Government/GovernmentPage.html">"Ending of Yasser's Life"</a>. Palestine: The Mystery Country. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tqnyc.org/NYC052021/Government/GovernmentPage.html">the original</a> on 30 September 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Palestine%3A+The+Mystery+Country&rft.atitle=Ending+of+Yasser%27s+Life&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tqnyc.org%2FNYC052021%2FGovernment%2FGovernmentPage.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Funeral-154">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Funeral_154-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Funeral_154-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Funeral_154-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Funeral_154-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBiles2004" class="citation news cs1">Biles, Peter (12 November 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/4005027.stm">"Arafat's funeral held in Cairo: Mystery illness"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>. Retrieved 17 June 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Arafat%27s+funeral+held+in+Cairo%3A+Mystery+illness&rft.date=2004-11-12&rft.aulast=Biles&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fmiddle_east%2F4005027.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-155"><a href="#cite_ref-155">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMelman2011" class="citation news cs1">Melman, Yossi (14 July 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haaretz.com/blogs/2.294/what-killed-yasser-arafat-1.373131">"What killed Yasser Arafat?"</a>. Haaretz. Retrieved 17 June 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=What+killed+Yasser+Arafat%3F&rft.date=2011-07-14&rft.aulast=Melman&rft.aufirst=Yossi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fblogs%2F2.294%2Fwhat-killed-yasser-arafat-1.373131&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-156"><a href="#cite_ref-156">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2004/oct/29/israel4">"Frail Arafat arrives in France"</a>. The Guardian. 29 October 2004. Retrieved 17 June 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Frail+Arafat+arrives+in+France&rft.date=2004-10-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2004%2Foct%2F29%2Fisrael4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-157"><a href="#cite_ref-157">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLindgren2004" class="citation web cs1">Lindgren, Jim (4 November 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.volokh.com/posts/chain_1100148783.shtml">"Arafat: If he is "brain-dead," he is dead"</a>. The Volokh Conspiracy. <a href="/wiki/Agence_France-Presse" title="Agence France-Presse">Agence France-Presse</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Volokh+Conspiracy&rft.atitle=Arafat%3A+If+he+is+%22brain-dead%2C%22+he+is+dead&rft.date=2004-11-04&rft.aulast=Lindgren&rft.aufirst=Jim&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.volokh.com%2Fposts%2Fchain_1100148783.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-158"><a href="#cite_ref-158">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://s3.documentcloud.org/documents/393851/hospitalization-report-english.pdf">"Hospitalization Report"</a> (PDF). French Republic Ministry for Defence. 18 November 2004. Retrieved 17 June 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hospitalization+Report&rft.pub=French+Republic+Ministry+for+Defence&rft.date=2004-11-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fs3.documentcloud.org%2Fdocuments%2F393851%2Fhospitalization-report-english.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-159"><a href="#cite_ref-159">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/palestinians-may-exhume-yasser-arafats-body-for-tests/">"Palestinians may exhume Yasser Arafat's body for tests"</a>. CBS News. 4 July 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120704191712/https://www.cbsnews.com/8301-202_162-57466369/palestinians-may-exhume-yasser-arafats-body-for-tests/">Archived</a> from the original on 4 July 2012. Retrieved 5 July 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Palestinians+may+exhume+Yasser+Arafat%27s+body+for+tests&rft.date=2012-07-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fnews%2Fpalestinians-may-exhume-yasser-arafats-body-for-tests%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYT-160">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NYT_160-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYT_160-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFErlangerAltman2005" class="citation news cs1">Erlanger, Steven; Altman, Lawrence K. (8 September 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2005/09/08/international/middleeast/08arafat.html?_r=1&pagewanted=all">"Medical records say Arafat died from a stroke"</a>. The New York Times. Retrieved 17 June 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Medical+records+say+Arafat+died+from+a+stroke&rft.date=2005-09-08&rft.aulast=Erlanger&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft.au=Altman%2C+Lawrence+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2005%2F09%2F08%2Finternational%2Fmiddleeast%2F08arafat.html%3F_r%3D1%26pagewanted%3Dall&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-TelegraphGastro-161"><a href="#cite_ref-TelegraphGastro_161-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/palestinianauthority/9396397/Yasser-Arafat-medical-records-show-health-was-blamed-on-gastroenteritis.html">"Yasser Arafat medical records show health was blamed on gastroenteritis"</a>. The Daily Telegraph. London. 12 July 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/palestinianauthority/9396397/Yasser-Arafat-medical-records-show-health-was-blamed-on-gastroenteritis.html">Archived</a> from the original on 11 January 2022. Retrieved 17 June 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Yasser+Arafat+medical+records+show+health+was+blamed+on+gastroenteritis&rft.date=2012-07-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworldnews%2Fmiddleeast%2Fpalestinianauthority%2F9396397%2FYasser-Arafat-medical-records-show-health-was-blamed-on-gastroenteritis.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-APGastro-162"><a href="#cite_ref-APGastro_162-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLaub,_Karin2012" class="citation news cs1">Laub, Karin (12 July 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.yahoo.com/arafat-medical-file-released-death-probe-190907751.html">"New Arafat medical file released in death probe"</a>. Associated Press. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120717033447/https://news.yahoo.com/arafat-medical-file-released-death-probe-190907751.html">Archived</a> from the original on 17 July 2012. Retrieved 15 July 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=New+Arafat+medical+file+released+in+death+probe&rft.date=2012-07-12&rft.au=Laub%2C+Karin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.yahoo.com%2Farafat-medical-file-released-death-probe-190907751.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-163"><a href="#cite_ref-163">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarzak2004" class="citation news cs1">Barzak, Ibrahim (11 November 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chicagotribune.com/sns-ap-arafat-palestinians-mourn-story.html">"Palestinians Mourn Death of Arafat"</a>. Chicago Tribune. Associated Press. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171222052824/http://www.chicagotribune.com/sns-ap-arafat-palestinians-mourn-story.html">Archived</a> from the original on 22 December 2017. Retrieved 21 December 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chicago+Tribune&rft.atitle=Palestinians+Mourn+Death+of+Arafat&rft.date=2004-11-11&rft.aulast=Barzak&rft.aufirst=Ibrahim&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chicagotribune.com%2Fsns-ap-arafat-palestinians-mourn-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-164"><a href="#cite_ref-164">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBennet2004" class="citation news cs1">Bennet, James (13 November 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C03E5DD173FF930A25752C1A9629C8B63">"The Death of Arafat: An Emotion-Driven Flock Storms the Burial Ceremony"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. Retrieved 17 June 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=The+Death+of+Arafat%3A+An+Emotion-Driven+Flock+Storms+the+Burial+Ceremony&rft.date=2004-11-13&rft.aulast=Bennet&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fquery.nytimes.com%2Fgst%2Ffullpage.html%3Fres%3D9C03E5DD173FF930A25752C1A9629C8B63&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-165"><a href="#cite_ref-165">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeft2004" class="citation news cs1">Left, Sarah (11 November 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/israel/Story/0,,1348445,00.html">"Arafat begins final journey"</a>. The Guardian. London. Retrieved 17 June 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Arafat+begins+final+journey&rft.date=2004-11-11&rft.aulast=Left&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fisrael%2FStory%2F0%2C%2C1348445%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-166"><a href="#cite_ref-166">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBennetErlanger2004" class="citation news cs1">Bennet, James; Erlanger, Steven (11 November 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2004/11/11/international/middleeast/11cnd-araf.html?pagewanted=2">"Arafat Dies at 75; No Successor Set; West Bank Burial"</a>. The New York Times. Retrieved 6 December 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Arafat+Dies+at+75%3B+No+Successor+Set%3B+West+Bank+Burial&rft.date=2004-11-11&rft.aulast=Bennet&rft.aufirst=James&rft.au=Erlanger%2C+Steven&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2004%2F11%2F11%2Finternational%2Fmiddleeast%2F11cnd-araf.html%3Fpagewanted%3D2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-167"><a href="#cite_ref-167">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/4003463.stm">"Arafat's funeral: Who was there"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>. 12 November 2004. Retrieved 17 June 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Arafat%27s+funeral%3A+Who+was+there&rft.date=2004-11-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fmiddle_east%2F4003463.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-168"><a href="#cite_ref-168">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160911075855/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-102156743.html">"Israel Plans for Arafat Burial in Gaza"</a>. Associated Press. 7 November 2004. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-102156743.html">the original</a> on 11 September 2016. Retrieved 21 July 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Israel+Plans+for+Arafat+Burial+in+Gaza&rft.date=2004-11-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.highbeam.com%2Fdoc%2F1P1-102156743.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-169"><a href="#cite_ref-169">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChabin,_Michele2004" class="citation news cs1">Chabin, Michele (8 November 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/news/world/2004-11-08-arafat-grave_x.htm">"Grave site for Arafat is another point of contention"</a>. USA Today. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090108223421/https://www.usatoday.com/news/world/2004-11-08-arafat-grave_x.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 8 January 2009. Retrieved 5 July 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=USA+Today&rft.atitle=Grave+site+for+Arafat+is+another+point+of+contention&rft.date=2004-11-08&rft.au=Chabin%2C+Michele&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Fnews%2Fworld%2F2004-11-08-arafat-grave_x.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-170"><a href="#cite_ref-170">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/israel/Story/0,2763,1374609,00.html">"No way to die"</a>. The Guardian. London. 15 December 2004. Retrieved 17 June 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=No+way+to+die&rft.date=2004-12-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fisrael%2FStory%2F0%2C2763%2C1374609%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-171"><a href="#cite_ref-171">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/7088743.stm">"Arafat mausoleum opened by Abbas"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>. 10 November 2007. Retrieved 17 June 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Arafat+mausoleum+opened+by+Abbas&rft.date=2007-11-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fmiddle_east%2F7088743.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Al-Kurdi_Claims-172">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Al-Kurdi_Claims_172-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Al-Kurdi_Claims_172-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRubenstein2007" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Danny_Rubenstein" class="mw-redirect" title="Danny Rubenstein">Rubenstein, Danny</a> (12 August 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.haaretz.com/1.4961243">"Arafat's doctor: There was HIV in his blood, but poison killed him"</a>. Haaretz. Retrieved 17 June 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=Arafat%27s+doctor%3A+There+was+HIV+in+his+blood%2C+but+poison+killed+him&rft.date=2007-08-12&rft.aulast=Rubenstein&rft.aufirst=Danny&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2F1.4961243&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kapeliouk-173">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kapeliouk_173-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kapeliouk_173-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKapeliouk2005" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Kapeliouk, Amnon (2 November 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.monde-diplomatique.fr/2005/11/KAPELIOUK/12894">"Yasser Arafat a-t-il été assassiné?"</a> [Was Arafat murdered?]. Le Monde diplomatique (in French). Retrieved 17 June 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Monde+diplomatique&rft.atitle=Yasser+Arafat+a-t-il+%C3%A9t%C3%A9+assassin%C3%A9%3F&rft.date=2005-11-02&rft.aulast=Kapeliouk&rft.aufirst=Amnon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.monde-diplomatique.fr%2F2005%2F11%2FKAPELIOUK%2F12894&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bassam_Abu_Sharif's_claim_about_poisoning-174">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bassam_Abu_Sharif's_claim_about_poisoning_174-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bassam_Abu_Sharif's_claim_about_poisoning_174-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBannoura2009" class="citation web cs1">Bannoura, Saed (20 July 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aljazeerah.info/News/2009/July/21%20n/Israeli%20Mossad%20poisoned%20Arafat%20through%20his%20medications,%20says%20Bassam%20Abu%20Sharif.htm">"Israeli Mossad poisoned Arafat through his medications, says Bassam Abu Sharif"</a>. Al Jazeera. Retrieved 17 June 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Israeli+Mossad+poisoned+Arafat+through+his+medications%2C+says+Bassam+Abu+Sharif&rft.pub=Al+Jazeera&rft.date=2009-07-20&rft.aulast=Bannoura&rft.aufirst=Saed&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeerah.info%2FNews%2F2009%2FJuly%2F21%2520n%2FIsraeli%2520Mossad%2520poisoned%2520Arafat%2520through%2520his%2520medications%2C%2520says%2520Bassam%2520Abu%2520Sharif.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-175"><a href="#cite_ref-175">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120921053649/http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=349911">"Arafat's aide: New information on president's death"</a>. Ma'an News Agency. 10 January 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=349911">the original</a> on 21 September 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ma%27an+News+Agency&rft.atitle=Arafat%27s+aide%3A+New+information+on+president%27s+death&rft.date=2011-01-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.maannews.net%2Feng%2FViewDetails.aspx%3FID%3D349911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-176"><a href="#cite_ref-176">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Israel_Radio" class="mw-redirect" title="Israel Radio">Israel Radio</a> English news, 17 January 2011, 0430 <a href="/wiki/UTC" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC">UTC</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-AIDS-177">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AIDS_177-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-AIDS_177-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-AIDS_177-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-AIDS_177-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/4225332.stm">"Cause of Arafat death 'unknown' Medical records of former Palestinian leader Yasser Arafat appear to show that doctors could not determine the underlying cause of his death"</a>. BBC News. 8 September 2005. Retrieved 17 June 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Cause+of+Arafat+death+%27unknown%27+Medical+records+of+former+Palestinian+leader+Yasser+Arafat+appear+to+show+that+doctors+could+not+determine+the+underlying+cause+of+his+death.&rft.date=2005-09-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fworld%2Fmiddle_east%2F4225332.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-McDermott-178"><a href="#cite_ref-McDermott_178-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcDermott2008" class="citation book cs1">McDermott, Rose (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/presidentiallead00mcde">Presidential leadership, illness, and decision making</a>. Cambridge University Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/presidentiallead00mcde/page/n255">244</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-88272-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-88272-9"><bdi>978-0-521-88272-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Presidential+leadership%2C+illness%2C+and+decision+making&rft.pages=244&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-521-88272-9&rft.aulast=McDermott&rft.aufirst=Rose&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpresidentiallead00mcde&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-179"><a href="#cite_ref-179">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130118233610/http://www.cbn.com/cbnnews/insideisrael/2012/July/Arafats-Widow-Alleges-Criminal-Scheme-over-Death/">"Arafat's Widow Alleges 'Criminal Scheme' over Death"</a>. CBN.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbn.com/cbnnews/insideisrael/2012/July/Arafats-Widow-Alleges-Criminal-Scheme-over-Death/">the original</a> on 18 January 2013. Retrieved 15 November 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Arafat%27s+Widow+Alleges+%27Criminal+Scheme%27+over+Death&rft.pub=CBN.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbn.com%2Fcbnnews%2Finsideisrael%2F2012%2FJuly%2FArafats-Widow-Alleges-Criminal-Scheme-over-Death%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-180"><a href="#cite_ref-180">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.irishtimes.com/news/palestinians-head-to-paris-to-probe-arafat-s-death-1.995408">"Palestinians head to Paris to probe Arafat's death"</a>. The Irish Times. 17 November 2004. Retrieved 17 June 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Irish+Times&rft.atitle=Palestinians+head+to+Paris+to+probe+Arafat%27s+death&rft.date=2004-11-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishtimes.com%2Fnews%2Fpalestinians-head-to-paris-to-probe-arafat-s-death-1.995408&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-181"><a href="#cite_ref-181">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120118040350/http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=435849">"Family: Platelet disorder killed Arafat"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ma%27an_News_Agency" title="Ma'an News Agency">Ma'an News Agency</a>. 11 October 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=435849">the original</a> on 18 January 2012. Retrieved 4 July 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ma%27an+News+Agency&rft.atitle=Family%3A+Platelet+disorder+killed+Arafat&rft.date=2011-10-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.maannews.net%2Feng%2FViewDetails.aspx%3FID%3D435849&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-AJ_widow_calls-182">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AJ_widow_calls_182-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-AJ_widow_calls_182-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarlstrom2012" class="citation web cs1">Carlstrom, Gregg (4 July 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/videos/2012/7/4/arafats-widow-calls-for-body-to-be-exhumed">"Arafat's widow calls for body to be exhumed"</a>. Al Jazeera. Retrieved 12 February 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Arafat%27s+widow+calls+for+body+to+be+exhumed&rft.pub=Al+Jazeera&rft.date=2012-07-04&rft.aulast=Carlstrom&rft.aufirst=Gregg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fvideos%2F2012%2F7%2F4%2Farafats-widow-calls-for-body-to-be-exhumed&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-MSNBC-183">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MSNBC_183-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-MSNBC_183-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna6472056">"Arafat's doctor wants autopsy"</a>. NBC News. <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>. 12 November 2004. Retrieved 17 June 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Arafat%27s+doctor+wants+autopsy&rft.date=2004-11-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fid%2Fwbna6472056&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBC_call_for_inquiry-184"><a href="#cite_ref-BBC_call_for_inquiry_184-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-18695634">"Yasser Arafat: Palestinians call for poison inquiry"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>. 3 July 2012. Retrieved 12 February 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Yasser+Arafat%3A+Palestinians+call+for+poison+inquiry&rft.date=2012-07-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-middle-east-18695634&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-185"><a href="#cite_ref-185">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFroidevauxBaechlerBailatCastella2013" class="citation journal cs1">Froidevaux, P.; Baechler, S.; Bailat, C. J.; Castella, V.; Augsburger, M.; Michaud, K.; Mangin, P.; Bochud, F. O. (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(13)61834-6/fulltext">"Improving forensic investigation for polonium poisoning"</a>. Lancet. 382 (9900): 1308. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0140-6736%2813%2961834-6">10.1016/S0140-6736(13)61834-6</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0140-6736">0140-6736</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24120205">24120205</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:32134286">32134286</a>. Retrieved 12 October 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lancet&rft.atitle=Improving+forensic+investigation+for+polonium+poisoning&rft.volume=382&rft.issue=9900&rft.pages=1308&rft.date=2013&rft.issn=0140-6736&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A32134286%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F24120205&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0140-6736%2813%2961834-6&rft.aulast=Froidevaux&rft.aufirst=P.&rft.au=Baechler%2C+S.&rft.au=Bailat%2C+C.+J.&rft.au=Castella%2C+V.&rft.au=Augsburger%2C+M.&rft.au=Michaud%2C+K.&rft.au=Mangin%2C+P.&rft.au=Bochud%2C+F.+O.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thelancet.com%2Fjournals%2Flancet%2Farticle%2FPIIS0140-6736%2813%2961834-6%2Ffulltext&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"> (Subscription required.) </li> <li id="cite_note-LT24.05.14-186">^ <a href="#cite_ref-LT24.05.14_186-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-LT24.05.14_186-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-LT24.05.14_186-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-LT24.05.14_186-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLema2014" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Lema, Luis (24 May 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.letemps.ch/monde/yasser-arafat-valse-isotopes">"Yasser Arafat, la valse des isotopes"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Le_Temps" title="Le Temps">Le Temps</a> (in French). p. 3. Retrieved 17 June 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Temps&rft.atitle=Yasser+Arafat%2C+la+valse+des+isotopes&rft.pages=3&rft.date=2014-05-24&rft.aulast=Lema&rft.aufirst=Luis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.letemps.ch%2Fmonde%2Fyasser-arafat-valse-isotopes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-187"><a href="#cite_ref-187">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarlstrom2013" class="citation web cs1">Carlstrom, Gregg (27 November 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2012/11/27/yasser-arafats-body-exhumed-in-ramallah-2">"Yasser Arafat's body exhumed in Ramallah"</a>. Al Jazeera. Retrieved 17 June 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Yasser+Arafat%27s+body+exhumed+in+Ramallah&rft.pub=Al+Jazeera&rft.date=2013-11-27&rft.aulast=Carlstrom&rft.aufirst=Gregg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2012%2F11%2F27%2Fyasser-arafats-body-exhumed-in-ramallah-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-188"><a href="#cite_ref-188">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/yasser-arafats-remains-exhumed-for-death-investigation-palestinians-say/">"Yasser Arafat's remains exhumed for death investigation, Palestinians say"</a>. CBS. 27 November 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121127162122/http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-202_162-57554606/yasser-arafats-remains-exhumed-for-death-investigation-palestinians-say/">Archived</a> from the original on 27 November 2012. Retrieved 14 November 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CBS&rft.atitle=Yasser+Arafat%27s+remains+exhumed+for+death+investigation%2C+Palestinians+say&rft.date=2012-11-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fnews%2Fyasser-arafats-remains-exhumed-for-death-investigation-palestinians-say%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-189"><a href="#cite_ref-189">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbdalla2012" class="citation news cs1">Abdalla, Jihan (27 November 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-palestinians-arafat-idUSBRE8AP1A120121127">"Samples taken from Arafat corpse for poison tests"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. Retrieved 17 June 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Samples+taken+from+Arafat+corpse+for+poison+tests&rft.date=2012-11-27&rft.aulast=Abdalla&rft.aufirst=Jihan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-palestinians-arafat-idUSBRE8AP1A120121127&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-AJ_Swiss_study-190">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AJ_Swiss_study_190-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-AJ_Swiss_study_190-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPoortSilverstein2013" class="citation web cs1">Poort, David; Silverstein, Ken (6 November 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2013/11/7/swiss-study-polonium-found-in-arafats-bones">"Swiss study: Polonium found in Arafat's bones"</a>. Al Jazeera. Retrieved 17 June 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Swiss+study%3A+Polonium+found+in+Arafat%27s+bones&rft.pub=Al+Jazeera&rft.date=2013-11-06&rft.aulast=Poort&rft.aufirst=David&rft.au=Silverstein%2C+Ken&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2013%2F11%2F7%2Fswiss-study-polonium-found-in-arafats-bones&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Reuters_Arafat_poisoned-191"><a href="#cite_ref-Reuters_Arafat_poisoned_191-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.haaretz.com/2013-11-06/ty-article/swiss-team-arafat-poisoned-with-polonium/0000017f-e386-d7b2-a77f-e3876db50000">"Swiss Team: Arafat Poisoned to Death With Polonium"</a>. Haaretz. Reuters. 6 November 2013. Retrieved 12 February 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=Swiss+Team%3A+Arafat+Poisoned+to+Death+With+Polonium&rft.date=2013-11-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2F2013-11-06%2Fty-article%2Fswiss-team-arafat-poisoned-with-polonium%2F0000017f-e386-d7b2-a77f-e3876db50000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-192"><a href="#cite_ref-192">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPoort2013" class="citation web cs1">Poort, David (8 November 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aljazeera.com/investigations/killing-arafat/qa-francois-bochud-arafat-report-2013117184743478799.html">"Q&A: Francois Bochud on the Arafat report"</a>. Al Jazeera. Retrieved 17 June 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Q%26A%3A+Francois+Bochud+on+the+Arafat+report&rft.pub=Al+Jazeera&rft.date=2013-11-08&rft.aulast=Poort&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Finvestigations%2Fkilling-arafat%2Fqa-francois-bochud-arafat-report-2013117184743478799.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-193"><a href="#cite_ref-193">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaylor2013" class="citation news cs1">Taylor, Paul (7 November 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/palestinian-leader-yasser-arafat-was-murdered-polonium-widow-flna8C11542188">"Palestinian leader Yasser Arafat was murdered with polonium: widow"</a>. NBC News. Reuters. Retrieved 17 June 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Palestinian+leader+Yasser+Arafat+was+murdered+with+polonium%3A+widow&rft.date=2013-11-07&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fpalestinian-leader-yasser-arafat-was-murdered-polonium-widow-flna8C11542188&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-194"><a href="#cite_ref-194">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTait2013" class="citation web cs1">Tait, Robert (8 November 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.smh.com.au/world/arafats-body-loaded-with-polonium-say-scientists-20131107-2x3te.html">"Arafat's body loaded with polonium, say scientists"</a>. The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 17 June 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Sydney+Morning+Herald&rft.atitle=Arafat%27s+body+loaded+with+polonium%2C+say+scientists&rft.date=2013-11-08&rft.aulast=Tait&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.smh.com.au%2Fworld%2Farafats-body-loaded-with-polonium-say-scientists-20131107-2x3te.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-195"><a href="#cite_ref-195">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIsachenkov2013" class="citation web cs1">Isachenkov, Vladimir (26 December 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2013/dec/26/russia-arafats-death-not-caused-radiation/">"Russia: Arafat's death not caused by radiation"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Times" title="The Washington Times">The Washington Times</a>. <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>. Retrieved 17 June 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Times&rft.atitle=Russia%3A+Arafat%27s+death+not+caused+by+radiation&rft.date=2013-12-26&rft.aulast=Isachenkov&rft.aufirst=Vladimir&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtontimes.com%2Fnews%2F2013%2Fdec%2F26%2Frussia-arafats-death-not-caused-radiation%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-196"><a href="#cite_ref-196">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jpost.com/Arab-Israeli-Conflict/Arafat-was-not-poisoned-French-prosecutor-says-394173">"Arafat was not poisoned, French prosecutor says"</a>. The Jerusalem Post. 17 March 2015. Retrieved 17 June 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Jerusalem+Post&rft.atitle=Arafat+was+not+poisoned%2C+French+prosecutor+says&rft.date=2015-03-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpost.com%2FArab-Israeli-Conflict%2FArafat-was-not-poisoned-French-prosecutor-says-394173&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-197"><a href="#cite_ref-197">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaylor2013" class="citation news cs1">Taylor, Paul (3 December 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-palestinians-arafat-idUKBRE9B20DI20131203">"Arafat did not die of poisoning, French tests conclude"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. Retrieved 17 June 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Arafat+did+not+die+of+poisoning%2C+French+tests+conclude&rft.date=2013-12-03&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-palestinians-arafat-idUKBRE9B20DI20131203&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox" style="width: 210px; clear: right; float:right;margin:0 0 1.5em 1.5em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:115%">External videos</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><img alt="video icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/32px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/video/?15457-1/arafat-eyes-beholder">Booknotes interview with John and Janet Wallach on Arafat: In the Eyes of the Beholder, 23 December 1990</a>, <a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAburish1998" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Said_Aburish" title="Said Aburish">Aburish, Said K.</a> (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/arafat00said">Arafat: From Defender to Dictator</a>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Bloomsbury_Publishing" title="Bloomsbury Publishing">Bloomsbury Publishing</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58234-049-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58234-049-4"><bdi>978-1-58234-049-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Arafat%3A+From+Defender+to+Dictator&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-1-58234-049-4&rft.aulast=Aburish&rft.aufirst=Said+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Farafat00said&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGowersTony_Walker2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Gowers" title="Andrew Gowers">Gowers, Andrew</a>; Tony Walker (2005). Arafat: The Biography. Virgin Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85227-924-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85227-924-0"><bdi>978-1-85227-924-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Arafat%3A+The+Biography&rft.pub=Virgin+Books&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-85227-924-0&rft.aulast=Gowers&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft.au=Tony+Walker&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHart1989" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Alan_Hart_(writer)" title="Alan Hart (writer)">Hart, Alan</a> (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/arafatpoliticalb00hart/">Arafat, a political biography</a>. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-253-32711-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-253-32711-6"><bdi>978-0-253-32711-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Arafat%2C+a+political+biography&rft.place=Bloomington&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-0-253-32711-6&rft.aulast=Hart&rft.aufirst=Alan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Farafatpoliticalb00hart%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKarsh2003" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Efraim_Karsh" title="Efraim Karsh">Karsh, Efraim</a> (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/arafatswarmanan00kars">Arafat's War: The Man and His Battle for Israeli Conquest</a>. New York: Grove Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8021-1758-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8021-1758-8"><bdi>978-0-8021-1758-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Arafat%27s+War%3A+The+Man+and+His+Battle+for+Israeli+Conquest&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Grove+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-8021-1758-8&rft.aulast=Karsh&rft.aufirst=Efraim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Farafatswarmanan00kars&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLivingstone1990" class="citation book cs1">Livingstone, Neil (1990). Inside the PLO. <a href="/wiki/Reader%27s_Digest" title="Reader's Digest">Reader's Digest Association</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7090-4548-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7090-4548-9"><bdi>978-0-7090-4548-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Inside+the+PLO&rft.pub=Reader%27s+Digest+Association&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0-7090-4548-9&rft.aulast=Livingstone&rft.aufirst=Neil&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRubinJudith_Colp_Rubin2003" class="citation book cs1">Rubin, Barry M.; Judith Colp Rubin (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/yasirarafatpolit00rubi">Yasir Arafat: A Political Biography</a>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-516689-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-516689-7"><bdi>978-0-19-516689-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Yasir+Arafat%3A+A+Political+Biography&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-19-516689-7&rft.aulast=Rubin&rft.aufirst=Barry+M.&rft.au=Judith+Colp+Rubin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fyasirarafatpolit00rubi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRubensteinLeon1995" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Danny_Rubenstein" class="mw-redirect" title="Danny Rubenstein">Rubenstein, Danny</a>; Leon, Dan (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/mysteryofarafat00rubi">The Mystery of Arafat</a>. Steerforth Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-883642-10-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-883642-10-5"><bdi>978-1-883642-10-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Mystery+of+Arafat&rft.pub=Steerforth+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-1-883642-10-5&rft.aulast=Rubenstein&rft.aufirst=Danny&rft.au=Leon%2C+Dan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmysteryofarafat00rubi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSela2002" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Avraham_Sela" title="Avraham Sela">Sela, Avraham</a> (2002). "Arafat, Yasser". In Avraham, Sela (ed.). The Continuum Political Encyclopedia of the Middle East (Rev. and updated ed.). New York: Continuum. pp. 166–171. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780826414137" title="Special:BookSources/9780826414137"><bdi>9780826414137</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/48706504">48706504</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Arafat%2C+Yasser&rft.btitle=The+Continuum+Political+Encyclopedia+of+the+Middle+East&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E166-%3C%2Fspan%3E171&rft.edition=Rev.+and+updated&rft.pub=Continuum&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F48706504&rft.isbn=9780826414137&rft.aulast=Sela&rft.aufirst=Avraham&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWallachJohn_Wallach1990" class="citation book cs1">Wallach, Janet; John Wallach (1990). Arafat: In the Eyes of the Beholder. Secaucus, NJ: Lyle Stuart. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8184-0533-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8184-0533-4"><bdi>978-0-8184-0533-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/21950960">21950960</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Arafat%3A+In+the+Eyes+of+the+Beholder&rft.place=Secaucus%2C+NJ&rft.pub=Lyle+Stuart&rft.date=1990&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F21950960&rft.isbn=978-0-8184-0533-4&rft.aulast=Wallach&rft.aufirst=Janet&rft.au=John+Wallach&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> Yasser Arafat at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">sister projects</a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Yasser_Arafat" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Yasser Arafat">Media</a> from Commons</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Yasser_Arafat" class="extiw" title="q:Yasser Arafat">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/39px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/51px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Yasser_Arafat" class="extiw" title="s:Author:Yasser Arafat">Texts</a> from Wikisource</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/27px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/41px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/54px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34211" class="extiw" title="d:Q34211">Data</a> from Wikidata</li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/laureate/557">Yasser Arafat</a> on Nobelprize.org <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34211#P8024" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120229043817/http://www.passia.org/Arafat/Arafat.pdf">Yasser Arafat (1929–2004)</a> at <a href="/wiki/PASSIA" class="mw-redirect" title="PASSIA">PASSIA</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20041113202139/http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,781566-1,00.html">"A Life in Retrospect: Yasser Arafat"</a>, <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/person/?19164">Appearances</a> on <a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0032715/">Yasser Arafat</a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jpost.com/topic/Yasser_Arafat">Yasser Arafat</a> collected news and commentary at <a href="/wiki/The_Jerusalem_Post" title="The Jerusalem Post">The Jerusalem Post</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/a/yasir_arafat/index.html">Yasser Arafat</a> collected news and commentary at <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Fatah_and_their_splinter_groups217" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#FFFF9F; color:black;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Fatah" title="Template:Fatah"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:black">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Fatah" title="Template talk:Fatah"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:black">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Fatah" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Fatah"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:black">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Fatah_and_their_splinter_groups217" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Fatah" title="Fatah">Fatah</a> and their <a href="/wiki/Category:Fatah_breakaway_groups" title="Category:Fatah breakaway groups">splinter groups</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFFF9F; color:black;;width:1%;background:#FFFFCF; color: black;">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Fatah" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Fatah">History of Fatah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestine_Liberation_Organization" title="Palestine Liberation Organization">Palestine Liberation Organization</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFFF9F; color:black;;width:1%;background:#FFFFCF; color: black;">Leaders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Yasser Arafat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahmoud_Abbas" title="Mahmoud Abbas">Mahmoud Abbas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFFF9F; color:black;;width:1%;background:#FFFFCF; color: black;">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Falastinuna" title="Falastinuna">Falastinuna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falastin_Al_Thawra" title="Falastin Al Thawra">Falastin Al Thawra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voice_of_Palestine" title="Voice of Palestine">Voice of Palestine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFFF9F; color:black;;width:1%;background:#FFFFCF; color: black;">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-%27Asifah" title="Al-'Asifah">Al-'Asifah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_September_Organization" title="Black September Organization">Black September Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatah_Hawks" title="Fatah Hawks">Fatah Hawks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatah_Special_Operations_Group" title="Fatah Special Operations Group">Fatah Special Operations Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Force_14" title="Force 14">Force 14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Force_17" title="Force 17">Force 17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanzim" title="Tanzim">Tanzim</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFFF9F; color:black;;width:1%;background:#FFFFCF; color: black;">Conflicts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1967</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Six-Day_War" title="Six-Day War">Six-Day War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_Attrition" title="War of Attrition">War of Attrition</a> <ul><li>1968 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Karameh" title="Battle of Karameh">Battle of Karameh</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yom_Kippur_War" title="Yom Kippur War">Yom Kippur War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_intifada" class="mw-redirect" title="First intifada">First intifada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_intifada" class="mw-redirect" title="Second intifada">Second intifada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatah%E2%80%93Hamas_conflict" title="Fatah–Hamas conflict">Fatah–Hamas conflict</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2006_Palestinian_legislative_election" title="2006 Palestinian legislative election">2006 Palestinian legislative election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gaza_(2007)" title="Battle of Gaza (2007)">Battle of Gaza (2007)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatah%E2%80%93Hamas_reconciliation_process" title="Fatah–Hamas reconciliation process">Fatah–Hamas reconciliation process</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFFF9F; color:black;;width:1%;background:#FFFFCF; color: black;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Fatah_breakaway_groups" title="Category:Fatah breakaway groups">Schisms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Aqsa_Martyrs%27_Brigades" title="Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades">Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marwan_Barghouti" title="Marwan Barghouti">Marwan Barghouti</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Al-Mustaqbal_(electoral_list)" title="Al-Mustaqbal (electoral list)">Al-Mustaqbal (electoral list)‎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatah_al-Intifada" title="Fatah al-Intifada">Fatah al-Intifada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Freedom_Movement" title="Palestinian Freedom Movement">Palestinian Freedom Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Mujahideen_Movement" title="Palestinian Mujahideen Movement">Palestinian Mujahideen Movement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mujahideen_Brigades" title="Mujahideen Brigades">Mujahideen Brigades</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#FFFF9F; color:black;"><div><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Fatah" title="Category:Fatah">Fatah</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Arab–Israeli_conflict27" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_conflict" title="Template:Arab–Israeli conflict"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_conflict" title="Template talk:Arab–Israeli conflict"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_conflict" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Arab–Israeli conflict"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Arab–Israeli_conflict27" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_conflict" title="Arab–Israeli conflict">Arab–Israeli conflict</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_conflict_participants" title="Template:Arab–Israeli conflict participants"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_conflict_participants" title="Template talk:Arab–Israeli conflict participants"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_conflict_participants" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Arab–Israeli conflict participants"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="CountriesAuthoritiesOrganizations228" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Countries</li><li>Authorities</li><li>Organizations</li></ul></div></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Primary countries and authorities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All-Palestine_Government" title="All-Palestine Government">All-Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="Kingdom of Egypt">Egyptian Kingdom</a> and <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip" title="Gaza Strip">Hamas Gaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Iraq" title="Kingdom of Iraq">Iraqi Kingdom</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ba%27athist_Iraq" title="Ba'athist Iraq">Ba'athist Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Authority" title="Palestinian Authority">Palestinian Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Syrian_Republic" title="Second Syrian Republic">Syrian Republic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Ba'athist Syria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amal_Movement" title="Amal Movement">Amal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Aqsa_Martyrs%27_Brigades" title="Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades">al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_League" title="Arab League">Arab League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Liberation_Front" title="Arab Liberation Front">Arab Liberation Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army_of_Islam_(Gaza)" title="Army of Islam (Gaza)">Army of Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Front_for_the_Liberation_of_Palestine" title="Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine">DFLP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatah" title="Fatah">Fatah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guardians_of_the_Cedars" title="Guardians of the Cedars">Guardians of the Cedars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamas" title="Hamas">Hamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hezbollah" title="Hezbollah">Hezbollah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kataeb_Party" title="Kataeb Party">Kataeb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanese_Forces" title="Lebanese Forces">Lebanese Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mourabitoun" title="Al-Mourabitoun">al-Mourabitoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_Brotherhood" title="Muslim Brotherhood">Muslim Brotherhood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Islamic_Jihad" title="Palestinian Islamic Jihad">PIJ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Liberation_Front" title="Palestinian Liberation Front">PLF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestine_Liberation_Organization" title="Palestine Liberation Organization">PLO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Popular_Struggle_Front" title="Palestinian Popular Struggle Front">Palestinian Popular Struggle Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Front_for_the_Liberation_of_Palestine" title="Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine">PFLP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Front_for_the_Liberation_of_Palestine_%E2%80%93_General_Command" title="Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine – General Command">PFLP-GC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Resistance_Committees" title="Popular Resistance Committees">Popular Resistance Committees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/As-Sa%27iqa" title="As-Sa'iqa">as-Sa'iqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Social_Nationalist_Party" title="Syrian Social Nationalist Party">Syrian Social Nationalist Party</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Nidal_Organization" title="Abu Nidal Organization">Abu Nidal Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Higher_Committee" title="Arab Higher Committee">Arab Higher Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Liberation_Army" title="Arab Liberation Army">Arab Liberation Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_September_Organization" title="Black September Organization">Black September Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haganah" title="Haganah">Haganah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army_of_the_Holy_War" title="Army of the Holy War">Holy War Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irgun" title="Irgun">Irgun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Red_Army" title="Japanese Red Army">Japanese Red Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lehi_(militant_group)" title="Lehi (militant group)">Lehi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmach" title="Palmach">Palmach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Cells_(German_group)" title="Revolutionary Cells (German group)">Revolutionary Cells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Lebanon_Army" title="South Lebanon Army">South Lebanon Army</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other countries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Transnational</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Republic" title="United Arab Republic">United Arab Republic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_armed_engagements" title="Template:Arab–Israeli armed engagements"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_armed_engagements" title="Template talk:Arab–Israeli armed engagements"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_armed_engagements" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Arab–Israeli armed engagements"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Armed_engagements104" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_conflict" title="History of the Arab–Israeli conflict">Armed engagements</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1947–1959</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1948_Palestine_war" title="1948 Palestine war">1948 Palestine war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_War" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War">Arab–Israeli War</a> (1948–1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Fedayeen_insurgency" title="Palestinian Fedayeen insurgency">Palestinian Fedayeen insurgency</a> (1949–1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suez_Crisis" title="Suez Crisis">Suez Crisis</a> (1956)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1960–1979</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samu_incident" class="mw-redirect" title="Samu incident">Samu incident</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Six-Day_War" title="Six-Day War">Six-Day War</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_Attrition" title="War of Attrition">War of Attrition</a> (1967–1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Karameh" title="Battle of Karameh">Battle of Karameh</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_insurgency_in_South_Lebanon" title="Palestinian insurgency in South Lebanon">Palestinian insurgency in South Lebanon</a> (1968–1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_Israeli_raid_on_Lebanon" class="mw-redirect" title="1968 Israeli raid on Lebanon">Gift</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yom_Kippur_War" title="Yom Kippur War">Yom Kippur War</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabena_Flight_571" title="Sabena Flight 571">Sabena Flight 571</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lod_Airport_massacre" title="Lod Airport massacre">Lod Airport massacre</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munich_massacre" title="Munich massacre">Munich massacre</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mossad_assassinations_following_the_Munich_massacre" title="Mossad assassinations following the Munich massacre">Bayonet</a> (1972–1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_Arab_Airlines_Flight_114" title="Libyan Arab Airlines Flight 114">Libyan Arab Airlines Flight 114</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma%27alot_massacre" title="Ma'alot massacre">Ma'alot massacre</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savoy_Hotel_attack" title="Savoy Hotel attack">Savoy Hotel attack</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entebbe_raid" title="Entebbe raid">Entebbe</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coastal_Road_massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="Coastal Road massacre">Coastal Road massacre</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1978_South_Lebanon_conflict" title="1978 South Lebanon conflict">Litani</a> (1978)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1980–1999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Misgav_Am_hostage_crisis" title="Misgav Am hostage crisis">Misgav Am hostage crisis</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Opera" title="Operation Opera">Opera</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1982_Lebanon_War" title="1982 Lebanon War">Lebanon War</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bus_300_affair" title="Bus 300 affair">Bus 300 affair</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Lebanon_conflict_(1985%E2%80%932000)" title="South Lebanon conflict (1985–2000)">South Lebanon conflict</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Wooden_Leg" title="Operation Wooden Leg">Wooden Leg</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Intifada" title="First Intifada">First Intifada</a> (1987–1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mothers%27_Bus_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="Mothers' Bus attack">Mothers' Bus attack</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalil_al-Wazir#Assassination" title="Khalil al-Wazir">Tunis raid</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_Iraqi_missile_attacks_against_Israel" title="1991 Iraqi missile attacks against Israel">Iraqi missile attacks against Israel</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Bramble_Bush" title="Operation Bramble Bush">Bramble Bush</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_suicide_attacks" title="Palestinian suicide attacks">Palestinian suicide attacks</a> (1993–2008; <a href="/wiki/List_of_Palestinian_suicide_attacks" title="List of Palestinian suicide attacks">list</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Accountability" title="Operation Accountability">Accountability</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Grapes_of_Wrath" title="Operation Grapes of Wrath">Grapes of Wrath</a> (1996)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000–2021</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Second_Intifada" title="Second Intifada">Second Intifada</a> (2000–2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_rocket_attacks_on_Israel" title="Palestinian rocket attacks on Israel">Palestinian rocket attacks on Israel</a> (2001–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ain_es_Saheb_airstrike" title="Ain es Saheb airstrike">Ain es Saheb airstrike</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Bringing_Home_the_Goods" title="Operation Bringing Home the Goods">Bringing Home the Goods</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_Gaza%E2%80%93Israel_conflict" title="2006 Gaza–Israel conflict">Summer Rains</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_Israeli_operation_in_Beit_Hanoun" title="2006 Israeli operation in Beit Hanoun">Autumn Clouds</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_Lebanon_War" title="2006 Lebanon War">Lebanon War</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaza%E2%80%93Israel_conflict" title="Gaza–Israel conflict">Gaza–Israel conflict</a> (2006–) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Hot_Winter" title="Operation Hot Winter">Hot Winter</a> (2007–2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaza_War_(2008%E2%80%932009)" title="Gaza War (2008–2009)">Gaza War</a> (2008–2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Palestinian_militancy_campaign" title="2010 Palestinian militancy campaign">Palestinian militancy campaign</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_southern_Israel_cross-border_attacks" title="2011 southern Israel cross-border attacks">Southern Israel cross-border attacks</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_2012_Gaza%E2%80%93Israel_clashes" title="March 2012 Gaza–Israel clashes">Returning Echo</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Israeli_operation_in_the_Gaza_Strip" class="mw-redirect" title="2012 Israeli operation in the Gaza Strip">Pillar of Defense</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Gaza_War" title="2014 Gaza War">Gaza War</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015%E2%80%932016_wave_of_violence_in_the_Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict" title="2015–2016 wave of violence in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict">Wave of violence</a> (2015–2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018%E2%80%932019_Gaza_border_protests" title="2018–2019 Gaza border protests">Gaza border protests</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_2018_Gaza%E2%80%93Israel_clashes" title="November 2018 Gaza–Israel clashes">Gaza–Israel clashes</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_2019_Gaza%E2%80%93Israel_clashes" title="May 2019 Gaza–Israel clashes">Gaza–Israel clashes</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_2019_Gaza%E2%80%93Israel_clashes" title="November 2019 Gaza–Israel clashes">Black Belt</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Israel%E2%80%93Palestine_crisis" title="2021 Israel–Palestine crisis">Israel–Palestine crisis</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Gaza%E2%80%93Israel_clashes" title="2022 Gaza–Israel clashes">Breaking Dawn</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_2023_Gaza%E2%80%93Israel_clashes" title="May 2023 Gaza–Israel clashes">Shield and Arrow</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaza_war" title="Gaza war">Gaza war</a> (2023–)</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_diplomacy" title="Template:Arab–Israeli diplomacy"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_diplomacy" title="Template talk:Arab–Israeli diplomacy"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_diplomacy" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Arab–Israeli diplomacy"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Diplomacy_and_peace_proposals144" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Diplomacy and <a href="/wiki/Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_normalization" title="Arab–Israeli normalization">peace proposals</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Background</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1914 <a href="/wiki/Damascus_Protocol" title="Damascus Protocol">Damascus Protocol</a></li> <li>1915 <a href="/wiki/McMahon%E2%80%93Hussein_Correspondence" class="mw-redirect" title="McMahon–Hussein Correspondence">McMahon–Hussein Correspondence</a></li> <li>1916 <a href="/wiki/Sykes%E2%80%93Picot_Agreement" title="Sykes–Picot Agreement">Sykes–Picot Agreement</a></li> <li>1917 <a href="/wiki/Balfour_Declaration" title="Balfour Declaration">Balfour Declaration</a></li> <li>1918 <a href="/wiki/Declaration_to_the_Seven" title="Declaration to the Seven">Declaration to the Seven</a> / <a href="/wiki/Anglo-French_Declaration" title="Anglo-French Declaration">Anglo-French Declaration</a></li> <li>1919 <a href="/wiki/Faisal%E2%80%93Weizmann_agreement" title="Faisal–Weizmann agreement">Faisal–Weizmann agreement</a></li> <li>1920 <a href="/wiki/San_Remo_conference" title="San Remo conference">San Remo conference</a></li> <li>1922 <a href="/wiki/Churchill_White_Paper" title="Churchill White Paper">Churchill White Paper</a></li> <li>1937 <a href="/wiki/Peel_Commission" title="Peel Commission">Peel Commission</a></li> <li>1939 <a href="/wiki/White_Paper_of_1939" title="White Paper of 1939">White Paper</a></li> <li>1939 <a href="/wiki/London_Conference_of_1939" title="London Conference of 1939">London Conference</a></li> <li>1946 <a href="/wiki/Morrison%E2%80%93Grady_Plan" title="Morrison–Grady Plan">Morrison–Grady Plan</a></li> <li>1947 <a href="/wiki/Bevin_Plan" title="Bevin Plan">Bevin Plan</a></li> <li>1946–47 <a href="/wiki/London_Conference_of_1946%E2%80%931947" title="London Conference of 1946–1947">London Conference</a></li> <li>1947 <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Partition_Plan_for_Palestine" title="United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine">UN Partition Plan</a></li> <li>1948 <a href="/wiki/American_trusteeship_proposal_for_Palestine" title="American trusteeship proposal for Palestine">American trusteeship proposal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1948–1983</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1948 <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_194" title="United Nations General Assembly Resolution 194">UN General Assembly (UNGA) Resolution 194</a></li> <li>1949 <a href="/wiki/1949_Armistice_Agreements" title="1949 Armistice Agreements">Armistice agreements</a> / <a href="/wiki/Lausanne_Conference_of_1949" title="Lausanne Conference of 1949">Lausanne Conference</a></li> <li>1950 <a href="/wiki/Tripartite_Declaration_of_1950" title="Tripartite Declaration of 1950">Tripartite Declaration</a></li> <li>1967 <a href="/wiki/Khartoum_Resolution" title="Khartoum Resolution">Khartoum Resolution</a> / <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_242" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 242">UN Security Council (UNSC) Resolution 242</a></li> <li>1973 <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_338" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 338">UNSC Resolution 338</a> / <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_339" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 339">UNSC Resolution 339</a></li> <li>1974 <a href="/wiki/Agreement_on_Disengagement_between_Israel_and_Syria" title="Agreement on Disengagement between Israel and Syria">Israel–Syria disengagement agreement</a> / <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_350" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 350">UNSC Resolution 350</a></li> <li>1978 <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_425" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 425">UNSC Resolution 425</a> / <a href="/wiki/Camp_David_Accords" title="Camp David Accords">Camp David Accords</a></li> <li>1979 <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_446" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 446">UNSC Resolution 446</a> / <a href="/wiki/Egypt%E2%80%93Israel_peace_treaty" title="Egypt–Israel peace treaty">Egypt–Israel peace treaty</a> <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_autonomy_talks" title="Palestinian autonomy talks">Palestinian autonomy talks</a> / <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_452" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 452">UNSC Resolution 452</a></li> <li>1980 <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_478" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 478">UNSC Resolution 478</a></li> <li>1981 <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_497" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 497">UNSC Resolution 497</a></li> <li>1981–1982 <a href="/wiki/Fahd_Plan" title="Fahd Plan">Fahd Plan</a></li> <li>1982 <a href="/wiki/Reagan_peace_plan" title="Reagan peace plan">Reagan peace plan</a></li> <li>1983 <a href="/wiki/May_17_Agreement" title="May 17 Agreement">Israel–Lebanon agreement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1991–2016</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1991 <a href="/wiki/Madrid_Conference_of_1991" title="Madrid Conference of 1991">Madrid Conference</a></li> <li>1993 <a href="/wiki/Oslo_Accords" title="Oslo Accords">Oslo Accords</a></li> <li>1994 <a href="/wiki/Gaza%E2%80%93Jericho_Agreement" title="Gaza–Jericho Agreement">Gaza–Jericho Agreement</a> / <a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Jordan_peace_treaty" title="Israel–Jordan peace treaty">Israel–Jordan peace treaty</a></li> <li>1995 <a href="/wiki/Beilin%E2%80%93Abu_Mazen_agreement" title="Beilin–Abu Mazen agreement">Beilin–Abu Mazen agreement</a></li> <li>1998 <a href="/wiki/Wye_River_Memorandum" title="Wye River Memorandum">Wye River Memorandum</a></li> <li>1999 <a href="/wiki/Sharm_El_Sheikh_Memorandum" title="Sharm El Sheikh Memorandum">Sharm El Sheikh Memorandum</a></li> <li>2000 <a href="/wiki/2000_Camp_David_Summit" title="2000 Camp David Summit">Camp David Summit</a> / <a href="/wiki/The_Clinton_Parameters" title="The Clinton Parameters">Clinton Parameters</a></li> <li>2000 <a href="/wiki/Isratin" title="Isratin">Isratin</a></li> <li>2001 <a href="/wiki/Taba_Summit" title="Taba Summit">Taba Summit</a></li> <li>2002 <a href="/wiki/2002_Arab_League_summit" title="2002 Arab League summit">Beirut Summit and peace initiative</a> / <a href="/wiki/Road_map_for_peace" title="Road map for peace">Road map</a></li> <li>2003 <a href="/wiki/Geneva_Initiative" title="Geneva Initiative">Geneva Initiative</a></li> <li>2004 <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_1559" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 1559">UNSC Resolution 1559</a> / <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_1566" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 1566">UNSC Resolution 1566</a></li> <li>2005 <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_1583" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 1583">UNSC Resolution 1583</a> / <a href="/wiki/Sharm_El_Sheikh_Summit_of_2005" title="Sharm El Sheikh Summit of 2005">Sharm El Sheikh Summit</a> / <a href="/wiki/Israeli_disengagement_from_Gaza" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli disengagement from Gaza">Israeli disengagement from Gaza</a> / <a href="/wiki/Blockade_of_the_Gaza_Strip#2005_Agreement_on_Movement_and_Access" title="Blockade of the Gaza Strip">Agreement on Movement and Access</a></li> <li>2006 <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_1850" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 1850">UNSC Resolution 1850</a> / <a href="/wiki/Quartet_Principles" title="Quartet Principles">Quartet Principles</a></li> <li>2006 <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_1701" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 1701">UNSC Resolution 1701</a></li> <li>2007 <a href="/wiki/Annapolis_Conference" title="Annapolis Conference">Annapolis Conference</a></li> <li>2010 <a href="/wiki/2010%E2%80%932011_Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_peace_talks" title="2010–2011 Israeli–Palestinian peace talks">Israeli–Palestinian peace talks</a></li> <li>2013 <a href="/wiki/2013%E2%80%932014_Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_peace_talks" title="2013–2014 Israeli–Palestinian peace talks">Israeli–Palestinian peace talks</a></li> <li>2016 <a href="/wiki/John_Kerry_Parameters" title="John Kerry Parameters">John Kerry Parameters</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2019–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>2019 <a href="/wiki/Trump_peace_plan" title="Trump peace plan">Trump peace plan</a></li> <li>2020 <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Accords" title="Abraham Accords">Abraham Accords</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93United_Arab_Emirates_normalization_agreement" title="Israel–United Arab Emirates normalization agreement">Israel–UAE normalization agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahrain%E2%80%93Israel_normalization_agreement" title="Bahrain–Israel normalization agreement">Bahrain–Israel normalization agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Sudan_normalization_agreement" title="Israel–Sudan normalization agreement">Israel–Sudan normalization agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Morocco_normalization_agreement" title="Israel–Morocco normalization agreement">Israel–Morocco normalization agreement</a></li></ul></li> <li>2022 <a href="/wiki/Israeli%E2%80%93Lebanese_maritime_border_dispute" title="Israeli–Lebanese maritime border dispute">Israeli–Lebanese maritime border agreement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Presidents_of_the_Palestinian_National_Authority100" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Presidents_of_the_Palestinian_Authority" title="Template:Presidents of the Palestinian Authority"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Presidents_of_the_Palestinian_Authority" title="Template talk:Presidents of the Palestinian Authority"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Presidents_of_the_Palestinian_Authority" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Presidents of the Palestinian Authority"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Presidents_of_the_Palestinian_National_Authority100" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Palestinian_National_Authority" title="President of the Palestinian National Authority">Presidents of the Palestinian National Authority</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Yasser Arafat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahmoud_Abbas" title="Mahmoud Abbas">Mahmoud Abbas</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_the_Palestinian_National_Authority.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of the Palestinian National Authority"><img alt="Coat of the Palestinian National Authority" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Palestinian_National_Authority.svg/40px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Palestinian_National_Authority.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Palestinian_National_Authority.svg/60px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Palestinian_National_Authority.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Palestinian_National_Authority.svg/80px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Palestinian_National_Authority.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="443" data-file-height="602" /></a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Chairmen_of_the_Executive_Committee_of_the_Palestine_Liberation_Organization338" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#FFA500;color:#FFFFFF; box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 #FFFFFF, inset -1px -1px 0 #FFFFFF;;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Chairmen_of_the_Executive_Committee_of_the_Palestine_Liberation_Organization" title="Template:Chairmen of the Executive Committee of the Palestine Liberation Organization"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:#FFFFFF">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Chairmen_of_the_Executive_Committee_of_the_Palestine_Liberation_Organization" title="Template talk:Chairmen of the Executive Committee of the Palestine Liberation Organization"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:#FFFFFF">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Chairmen_of_the_Executive_Committee_of_the_Palestine_Liberation_Organization" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Chairmen of the Executive Committee of the Palestine Liberation Organization"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:#FFFFFF">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Chairmen_of_the_Executive_Committee_of_the_Palestine_Liberation_Organization338" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Palestine_Liberation_Organization" title="Chairman of the Palestine Liberation Organization">Chairmen</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Executive_Committee_of_the_Palestine_Liberation_Organization" title="Executive Committee of the Palestine Liberation Organization">Executive Committee</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Palestine_Liberation_Organization" title="Palestine Liberation Organization">Palestine Liberation Organization</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Shukeiri" title="Ahmad Shukeiri">Ahmad Shukeiri</a> (1964–1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahya_Hammuda" title="Yahya Hammuda">Yahya Hammuda</a> (1967–1969)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Yasser Arafat</a> (1969–2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahmoud_Abbas" title="Mahmoud Abbas">Mahmoud Abbas</a> (2004–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Laureates_of_the_Nobel_Peace_Prize136" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Nobel_Peace_Prize_laureates" title="Template:Nobel Peace Prize laureates"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Nobel_Peace_Prize_laureates" title="Template talk:Nobel Peace Prize laureates"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nobel_Peace_Prize_laureates" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Nobel Peace Prize laureates"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Laureates_of_the_Nobel_Peace_Prize136" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nobel_Peace_Prize_laureates" title="List of Nobel Peace Prize laureates">Laureates</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="Nobel Peace Prize">Nobel Peace Prize</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1901–1925</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1901_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="1901 Nobel Peace Prize">1901</a>: <a href="/wiki/Henry_Dunant" title="Henry Dunant">Henry Dunant</a> / <a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Passy" title="Frédéric Passy">Frédéric Passy</a></li> <li>1902: <a href="/wiki/%C3%89lie_Ducommun" title="Élie Ducommun">Élie Ducommun</a> / <a href="/wiki/Charles_Albert_Gobat" title="Charles Albert Gobat">Charles Gobat</a></li> <li>1903: <a href="/wiki/Randal_Cremer" title="Randal Cremer">Randal Cremer</a></li> <li>1904: <a href="/wiki/Institut_de_Droit_International" title="Institut de Droit International">Institut de Droit International</a></li> <li>1905: <a href="/wiki/Bertha_von_Suttner" title="Bertha von Suttner">Bertha von Suttner</a></li> <li>1906: <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Theodore Roosevelt">Theodore Roosevelt</a></li> <li>1907: <a href="/wiki/Ernesto_Teodoro_Moneta" title="Ernesto Teodoro Moneta">Ernesto Moneta</a> / <a href="/wiki/Louis_Renault_(jurist)" title="Louis Renault (jurist)">Louis Renault</a></li> <li>1908: <a href="/wiki/Klas_Pontus_Arnoldson" title="Klas Pontus Arnoldson">Klas Arnoldson</a> / <a href="/wiki/Fredrik_Bajer" title="Fredrik Bajer">Fredrik Bajer</a></li> <li>1909: <a href="/wiki/Auguste_Beernaert" title="Auguste Beernaert">A. M. F. Beernaert</a> / <a href="/wiki/Paul_Henri_Balluet_d%27Estournelles_de_Constant" title="Paul Henri Balluet d'Estournelles de Constant">Paul Estournelles de Constant</a></li> <li>1910: <a href="/wiki/International_Peace_Bureau" title="International Peace Bureau">International Peace Bureau</a></li> <li>1911: <a href="/wiki/Tobias_Asser" title="Tobias Asser">Tobias Asser</a> / <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Hermann_Fried" title="Alfred Hermann Fried">Alfred Fried</a></li> <li>1912: <a href="/wiki/Elihu_Root" title="Elihu Root">Elihu Root</a></li> <li>1913: <a href="/wiki/Henri_La_Fontaine" title="Henri La Fontaine">Henri La Fontaine</a></li> <li>1914</li> <li>1915</li> <li>1916</li> <li>1917: <a href="/wiki/International_Committee_of_the_Red_Cross" title="International Committee of the Red Cross">International Committee of the Red Cross</a></li> <li>1918</li> <li>1919: <a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson" title="Woodrow Wilson">Woodrow Wilson</a></li> <li>1920: <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Bourgeois" title="Léon Bourgeois">Léon Bourgeois</a></li> <li>1921: <a href="/wiki/Hjalmar_Branting" title="Hjalmar Branting">Hjalmar Branting</a> / <a href="/wiki/Christian_Lous_Lange" title="Christian Lous Lange">Christian Lange</a></li> <li>1922: <a href="/wiki/Fridtjof_Nansen" title="Fridtjof Nansen">Fridtjof Nansen</a></li> <li>1923</li> <li>1924</li> <li>1925: <a href="/wiki/Austen_Chamberlain" title="Austen Chamberlain">Austen Chamberlain</a> / <a href="/wiki/Charles_G._Dawes" title="Charles G. Dawes">Charles Dawes</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/80px-Nobel_Prize.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/120px-Nobel_Prize.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/160px-Nobel_Prize.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="492" /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1926–1950</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1926: <a href="/wiki/Aristide_Briand" title="Aristide Briand">Aristide Briand</a> / <a href="/wiki/Gustav_Stresemann" title="Gustav Stresemann">Gustav Stresemann</a></li> <li>1927: <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Buisson" title="Ferdinand Buisson">Ferdinand Buisson</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Quidde" title="Ludwig Quidde">Ludwig Quidde</a></li> <li>1928</li> <li>1929: <a href="/wiki/Frank_B._Kellogg" title="Frank B. Kellogg">Frank B. Kellogg</a></li> <li>1930: <a href="/wiki/Nathan_S%C3%B6derblom" title="Nathan Söderblom">Nathan Söderblom</a></li> <li>1931: <a href="/wiki/Jane_Addams" title="Jane Addams">Jane Addams</a> / <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Murray_Butler" title="Nicholas Murray Butler">Nicholas Butler</a></li> <li>1932</li> <li>1933: <a href="/wiki/Norman_Angell" title="Norman Angell">Norman Angell</a></li> <li>1934: <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Henderson" title="Arthur Henderson">Arthur Henderson</a></li> <li>1935: <a href="/wiki/Carl_von_Ossietzky" title="Carl von Ossietzky">Carl von Ossietzky</a></li> <li>1936: <a href="/wiki/Carlos_Saavedra_Lamas" title="Carlos Saavedra Lamas">Carlos Saavedra Lamas</a></li> <li>1937: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Cecil,_1st_Viscount_Cecil_of_Chelwood" title="Robert Cecil, 1st Viscount Cecil of Chelwood">Robert Cecil</a></li> <li>1938: <a href="/wiki/Nansen_International_Office_for_Refugees" title="Nansen International Office for Refugees">Nansen International Office for Refugees</a></li> <li>1939</li> <li>1940</li> <li>1941</li> <li>1942</li> <li>1943</li> <li>1944: <a href="/wiki/International_Committee_of_the_Red_Cross" title="International Committee of the Red Cross">International Committee of the Red Cross</a></li> <li>1945: <a href="/wiki/Cordell_Hull" title="Cordell Hull">Cordell Hull</a></li> <li>1946: <a href="/wiki/Emily_Greene_Balch" title="Emily Greene Balch">Emily Balch</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Mott" title="John Mott">John Mott</a></li> <li>1947: <a href="/wiki/Quaker_Peace_and_Social_Witness" title="Quaker Peace and Social Witness">Friends Service Council</a> / <a href="/wiki/American_Friends_Service_Committee" title="American Friends Service Committee">American Friends Service Committee</a></li> <li>1948</li> <li>1949: <a href="/wiki/John_Boyd_Orr" title="John Boyd Orr">John Boyd Orr</a></li> <li>1950: <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Bunche" title="Ralph Bunche">Ralph Bunche</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1951–1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1951: <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Jouhaux" title="Léon Jouhaux">Léon Jouhaux</a></li> <li>1952: <a href="/wiki/Albert_Schweitzer" title="Albert Schweitzer">Albert Schweitzer</a></li> <li>1953: <a href="/wiki/George_C._Marshall" title="George C. Marshall">George C. Marshall</a></li> <li>1954: <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Refugees" title="United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees">United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees</a></li> <li>1955</li> <li>1956</li> <li>1957: <a href="/wiki/Lester_B._Pearson" title="Lester B. Pearson">Lester B. Pearson</a></li> <li>1958: <a href="/wiki/Dominique_Pire" title="Dominique Pire">Georges Pire</a></li> <li>1959: <a href="/wiki/Philip_Noel-Baker" title="Philip Noel-Baker">Philip Noel-Baker</a></li> <li>1960: <a href="/wiki/Albert_Luthuli" title="Albert Luthuli">Albert Luthuli</a></li> <li>1961: <a href="/wiki/Dag_Hammarskj%C3%B6ld" title="Dag Hammarskjöld">Dag Hammarskjöld</a></li> <li>1962: <a href="/wiki/Linus_Pauling" title="Linus Pauling">Linus Pauling</a></li> <li>1963: <a href="/wiki/International_Committee_of_the_Red_Cross" title="International Committee of the Red Cross">International Committee of the Red Cross</a> / <a href="/wiki/International_Federation_of_Red_Cross_and_Red_Crescent_Societies" title="International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies">League of Red Cross Societies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1964_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="1964 Nobel Peace Prize">1964</a>: <a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr." title="Martin Luther King Jr.">Martin Luther King Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1965_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="1965 Nobel Peace Prize">1965</a>: <a href="/wiki/UNICEF" title="UNICEF">UNICEF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1966_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="1966 Nobel Peace Prize">1966</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1967_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="1967 Nobel Peace Prize">1967</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="1968 Nobel Peace Prize">1968</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Cassin" title="René Cassin">René Cassin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1969_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="1969 Nobel Peace Prize">1969</a>: <a href="/wiki/International_Labour_Organization" title="International Labour Organization">International Labour Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1970_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="1970 Nobel Peace Prize">1970</a>: <a href="/wiki/Norman_Borlaug" title="Norman Borlaug">Norman Borlaug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1971_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="1971 Nobel Peace Prize">1971</a>: <a href="/wiki/Willy_Brandt" title="Willy Brandt">Willy Brandt</a></li> <li>1972</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1973_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="1973 Nobel Peace Prize">1973</a>: <a href="/wiki/L%C3%AA_%C4%90%E1%BB%A9c_Th%E1%BB%8D" title="Lê Đức Thọ">Lê Đức Thọ</a> (declined award) / <a href="/wiki/Henry_Kissinger" title="Henry Kissinger">Henry Kissinger</a></li> <li>1974: <a href="/wiki/Se%C3%A1n_MacBride" title="Seán MacBride">Seán MacBride</a> / <a href="/wiki/Eisaku_Sat%C5%8D" title="Eisaku Satō">Eisaku Satō</a></li> <li>1975: <a href="/wiki/Andrei_Sakharov" title="Andrei Sakharov">Andrei Sakharov</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1976: <a href="/wiki/Betty_Williams" title="Betty Williams">Betty Williams</a> / <a href="/wiki/Mairead_Maguire" title="Mairead Maguire">Mairead Corrigan</a></li> <li>1977: <a href="/wiki/Amnesty_International" title="Amnesty International">Amnesty International</a></li> <li>1978: <a href="/wiki/Anwar_Sadat" title="Anwar Sadat">Anwar Sadat</a> / <a href="/wiki/Menachem_Begin" title="Menachem Begin">Menachem Begin</a></li> <li>1979: <a href="/wiki/Mother_Teresa" title="Mother Teresa">Mother Teresa</a></li> <li>1980: <a href="/wiki/Adolfo_P%C3%A9rez_Esquivel" title="Adolfo Pérez Esquivel">Adolfo Pérez Esquivel</a></li> <li>1981: <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Refugees" title="United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees">United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees</a></li> <li>1982: <a href="/wiki/Alva_Myrdal" title="Alva Myrdal">Alva Myrdal</a> / <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_Garc%C3%ADa_Robles" title="Alfonso García Robles">Alfonso García Robles</a></li> <li>1983: <a href="/wiki/Lech_Wa%C5%82%C4%99sa" title="Lech Wałęsa">Lech Wałęsa</a></li> <li>1984: <a href="/wiki/Desmond_Tutu" title="Desmond Tutu">Desmond Tutu</a></li> <li>1985: <a href="/wiki/International_Physicians_for_the_Prevention_of_Nuclear_War" title="International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War">International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War</a></li> <li>1986: <a href="/wiki/Elie_Wiesel" title="Elie Wiesel">Elie Wiesel</a></li> <li>1987: <a href="/wiki/%C3%93scar_Arias" title="Óscar Arias">Óscar Arias</a></li> <li>1988: <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_peacekeeping" title="United Nations peacekeeping">UN Peacekeeping Forces</a></li> <li>1989: <a href="/wiki/14th_Dalai_Lama" title="14th Dalai Lama">Tenzin Gyatso (14th Dalai Lama)</a></li> <li>1990: <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Gorbachev" title="Mikhail Gorbachev">Mikhail Gorbachev</a></li> <li>1991: <a href="/wiki/Aung_San_Suu_Kyi" title="Aung San Suu Kyi">Aung San Suu Kyi</a></li> <li>1992: <a href="/wiki/Rigoberta_Mench%C3%BA" title="Rigoberta Menchú">Rigoberta Menchú</a></li> <li>1993: <a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela" title="Nelson Mandela">Nelson Mandela</a> / <a href="/wiki/F._W._de_Klerk" title="F. W. de Klerk">F. W. de Klerk</a></li> <li>1994: <a href="/wiki/Shimon_Peres" title="Shimon Peres">Shimon Peres</a> / <a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Rabin" title="Yitzhak Rabin">Yitzhak Rabin</a> / <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Yasser Arafat</a></li> <li>1995: <a href="/wiki/Pugwash_Conferences_on_Science_and_World_Affairs" title="Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs">Pugwash Conferences</a> / <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Rotblat" title="Joseph Rotblat">Joseph Rotblat</a></li> <li>1996: <a href="/wiki/Carlos_Filipe_Ximenes_Belo" title="Carlos Filipe Ximenes Belo">Carlos Belo</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Ramos-Horta" title="José Ramos-Horta">José Ramos-Horta</a></li> <li>1997: <a href="/wiki/International_Campaign_to_Ban_Landmines" title="International Campaign to Ban Landmines">International Campaign to Ban Landmines</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jody_Williams" title="Jody Williams">Jody Williams</a></li> <li>1998: <a href="/wiki/John_Hume" title="John Hume">John Hume</a> / <a href="/wiki/David_Trimble" title="David Trimble">David Trimble</a></li> <li>1999: <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9decins_Sans_Fronti%C3%A8res" title="Médecins Sans Frontières">Médecins Sans Frontières</a></li> <li>2000: <a href="/wiki/Kim_Dae-jung" title="Kim Dae-jung">Kim Dae-jung</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2001_Nobel_Peace_Prize" class="mw-redirect" title="2001 Nobel Peace Prize">2001</a>: <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kofi_Annan" title="Kofi Annan">Kofi Annan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_Nobel_Peace_Prize" class="mw-redirect" title="2002 Nobel Peace Prize">2002</a>: <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Jimmy Carter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2003_Nobel_Peace_Prize" class="mw-redirect" title="2003 Nobel Peace Prize">2003</a>: <a href="/wiki/Shirin_Ebadi" title="Shirin Ebadi">Shirin Ebadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Nobel_Peace_Prize" class="mw-redirect" title="2004 Nobel Peace Prize">2004</a>: <a href="/wiki/Wangari_Maathai" class="mw-redirect" title="Wangari Maathai">Wangari Maathai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2005_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2005 Nobel Peace Prize">2005</a>: <a href="/wiki/International_Atomic_Energy_Agency" title="International Atomic Energy Agency">International Atomic Energy Agency</a> / <a href="/wiki/Mohamed_ElBaradei" title="Mohamed ElBaradei">Mohamed ElBaradei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_Nobel_Peace_Prize" class="mw-redirect" title="2006 Nobel Peace Prize">2006</a>: <a href="/wiki/Grameen_Bank" title="Grameen Bank">Grameen Bank</a> / <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Yunus" title="Muhammad Yunus">Muhammad Yunus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2007 Nobel Peace Prize">2007</a>: <a href="/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Al Gore</a> / <a href="/wiki/Intergovernmental_Panel_on_Climate_Change" title="Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change">Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Nobel_Peace_Prize" class="mw-redirect" title="2008 Nobel Peace Prize">2008</a>: <a href="/wiki/Martti_Ahtisaari" title="Martti Ahtisaari">Martti Ahtisaari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2009 Nobel Peace Prize">2009</a>: <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2010 Nobel Peace Prize">2010</a>: <a href="/wiki/Liu_Xiaobo" title="Liu Xiaobo">Liu Xiaobo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2011 Nobel Peace Prize">2011</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ellen_Johnson_Sirleaf" title="Ellen Johnson Sirleaf">Ellen Johnson Sirleaf</a> / <a href="/wiki/Leymah_Gbowee" title="Leymah Gbowee">Leymah Gbowee</a> / <a href="/wiki/Tawakkol_Karman" title="Tawakkol Karman">Tawakkol Karman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2012 Nobel Peace Prize">2012</a>: <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2013 Nobel Peace Prize">2013</a>: <a href="/wiki/Organisation_for_the_Prohibition_of_Chemical_Weapons" title="Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons">Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2014 Nobel Peace Prize">2014</a>: <a href="/wiki/Kailash_Satyarthi" title="Kailash Satyarthi">Kailash Satyarthi</a> / <a href="/wiki/Malala_Yousafzai" title="Malala Yousafzai">Malala Yousafzai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2015 Nobel Peace Prize">2015</a>: <a href="/wiki/Tunisian_National_Dialogue_Quartet" title="Tunisian National Dialogue Quartet">Tunisian National Dialogue Quartet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2016 Nobel Peace Prize">2016</a>: <a href="/wiki/Juan_Manuel_Santos" title="Juan Manuel Santos">Juan Manuel Santos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2017 Nobel Peace Prize">2017</a>: <a href="/wiki/International_Campaign_to_Abolish_Nuclear_Weapons" title="International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons">International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2018 Nobel Peace Prize">2018</a>: <a href="/wiki/Denis_Mukwege" title="Denis Mukwege">Denis Mukwege</a> / <a href="/wiki/Nadia_Murad" title="Nadia Murad">Nadia Murad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2019 Nobel Peace Prize">2019</a>: <a href="/wiki/Abiy_Ahmed" title="Abiy Ahmed">Abiy Ahmed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2020 Nobel Peace Prize">2020</a>: <a href="/wiki/World_Food_Programme" title="World Food Programme">World Food Programme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2021 Nobel Peace Prize">2021</a>: <a href="/wiki/Maria_Ressa" title="Maria Ressa">Maria Ressa</a> / <a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Muratov" title="Dmitry Muratov">Dmitry Muratov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2022 Nobel Peace Prize">2022</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ales_Bialiatski" title="Ales Bialiatski">Ales Bialiatski</a> / <a href="/wiki/Memorial_(society)" title="Memorial (society)">Memorial</a> / <a href="/wiki/Center_for_Civil_Liberties_(human_rights_organization)" title="Center for Civil Liberties (human rights organization)">Center for Civil Liberties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2023 Nobel Peace Prize">2023</a>: <a href="/wiki/Narges_Mohammadi" title="Narges Mohammadi">Narges Mohammadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2024 Nobel Peace Prize">2024</a>: <a href="/wiki/Nihon_Hidankyo" title="Nihon Hidankyo">Nihon Hidankyo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="1994_Nobel_Prize_laureates769" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:1994_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1994 Nobel Prize winners"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:1994_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template talk:1994 Nobel Prize winners"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:1994_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Special:EditPage/Template:1994 Nobel Prize winners"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="1994_Nobel_Prize_laureates769" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">1994 <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize" title="Nobel Prize">Nobel Prize</a> laureates</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" title="Nobel Prize in Chemistry">Chemistry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/George_Andrew_Olah" title="George Andrew Olah">George Andrew Olah</a> (United States/Hungary)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="Nobel Prize in Literature">Literature</a> (<a href="/wiki/1994_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1994 Nobel Prize in Literature">1994</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Kenzabur%C5%8D_%C5%8Ce" title="Kenzaburō Ōe">Kenzaburō Ōe</a> (Japan)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="Nobel Peace Prize">Peace</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Yasser Arafat</a> (Palestine)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shimon_Peres" title="Shimon Peres">Shimon Peres</a> (Israel/Poland)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Rabin" title="Yitzhak Rabin">Yitzhak Rabin</a> (Israel)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physics" title="Nobel Prize in Physics">Physics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bertram_Brockhouse" title="Bertram Brockhouse">Bertram Brockhouse</a> (Canada)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clifford_Shull" title="Clifford Shull">Clifford Glenwood Shull</a> (United States)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine" title="Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine">Physiology or Medicine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_G._Gilman" title="Alfred G. Gilman">Alfred G. Gilman</a> (United States)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Rodbell" title="Martin Rodbell">Martin Rodbell</a> (United States)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Memorial_Prize_in_Economic_Sciences" title="Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences">Economic Sciences</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Harsanyi" title="John Harsanyi">John Harsanyi</a> (United States)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Forbes_Nash_Jr." title="John Forbes Nash Jr.">John Forbes Nash</a> (United States)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reinhard_Selten" title="Reinhard Selten">Reinhard Selten</a> (Germany)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nobel_laureates" title="List of Nobel laureates">Nobel Prize recipients</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1989_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1989 Nobel Prize winners">1989</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/1990_Nobel_Prizes" title="1990 Nobel Prizes">1990</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/1991_Nobel_Prizes" title="1991 Nobel Prizes">1991</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/1992_Nobel_Prizes" title="1992 Nobel Prizes">1992</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/1993_Nobel_Prizes" title="1993 Nobel Prizes">1993</a></dd> <dd>1994 </dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/1995_Nobel_Prizes" title="1995 Nobel Prizes">1995</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/1996_Nobel_Prizes" title="1996 Nobel Prizes">1996</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/1997_Nobel_Prizes" title="1997 Nobel Prizes">1997</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/1998_Nobel_Prizes" title="1998 Nobel Prizes">1998</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/1999_Nobel_Prizes" title="1999 Nobel Prizes">1999</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Laureates_of_the_Prince_or_Princess_of_Asturias_Award_for_International_Cooperation115" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#99d6ff;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Princess_of_Asturias_Award_for_International_Cooperation" title="Template:Princess of Asturias Award for International Cooperation"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Princess_of_Asturias_Award_for_International_Cooperation" title="Template talk:Princess of Asturias Award for International Cooperation"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Princess_of_Asturias_Award_for_International_Cooperation" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Princess of Asturias Award for International Cooperation"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Laureates_of_the_Prince_or_Princess_of_Asturias_Award_for_International_Cooperation115" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Laureates of the <a href="/wiki/Princess_of_Asturias_Awards" title="Princess of Asturias Awards">Prince or Princess of Asturias Award</a> for International Cooperation</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#addeff;"><div id="Prince_of_Asturias_Award_for_International_Cooperation54" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Prince of Asturias Award for International Cooperation</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1981: <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_L%C3%B3pez_Portillo" title="José López Portillo">José López Portillo</a></li> <li>1982: <a href="/wiki/Enrique_V._Iglesias" title="Enrique V. Iglesias">Enrique V. Iglesias</a></li> <li>1983: <a href="/wiki/Belisario_Betancur" title="Belisario Betancur">Belisario Betancur</a></li> <li>1984: <a href="/wiki/Contadora_group" title="Contadora group">Contadora group</a></li> <li>1985: <a href="/wiki/Ra%C3%BAl_Alfons%C3%ADn" title="Raúl Alfonsín">Raúl Alfonsín</a></li> <li>1986: <a href="/wiki/University_of_Salamanca" title="University of Salamanca">University of Salamanca</a> and <a href="/wiki/University_of_Coimbra" title="University of Coimbra">University of Coimbra</a></li> <li>1987: <a href="/wiki/Javier_P%C3%A9rez_de_Cu%C3%A9llar" title="Javier Pérez de Cuéllar">Javier Pérez de Cuéllar</a></li> <li>1988: <a href="/wiki/%C3%93scar_Arias" title="Óscar Arias">Óscar Arias</a></li> <li>1989: <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Delors" title="Jacques Delors">Jacques Delors</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Gorbachev" title="Mikhail Gorbachev">Mikhail Gorbachev</a></li> <li>1990: <a href="/wiki/Hans-Dietrich_Genscher" title="Hans-Dietrich Genscher">Hans-Dietrich Genscher</a></li> <li>1991: <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Refugees" title="United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees">United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees</a> (UNHCR)</li> <li>1992: <a href="/wiki/F._W._de_Klerk" title="F. W. de Klerk">Frederik W. de Klerk</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela" title="Nelson Mandela">Nelson Mandela</a></li> <li>1993: <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Protection_Force" title="United Nations Protection Force">United Nations Blue Berets stationed in Ex-Yugoslavia</a></li> <li>1994: <a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Rabin" title="Yitzhak Rabin">Yitzhak Rabin</a> and <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Yasser Arafat</a></li> <li>1995: <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A1rio_Soares" title="Mário Soares">Mário Soares</a></li> <li>1996: <a href="/wiki/Helmut_Kohl" title="Helmut Kohl">Helmut Kohl</a></li> <li>1997: <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Guatemala" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Guatemala">Government of Guatemala</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Guatemalan_National_Revolutionary_Unity" title="Guatemalan National Revolutionary Unity">Guatemalan National Revolutionary Unity</a></li> <li>1998: <a href="/wiki/Emma_Bonino" title="Emma Bonino">Emma Bonino</a>, <a href="/wiki/Olayinka_Koso-Thomas" title="Olayinka Koso-Thomas">Olayinka Koso-Thomas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gra%C3%A7a_Machel" title="Graça Machel">Graça Machel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fatiha_Boudiaf" title="Fatiha Boudiaf">Fatiha Boudiaf</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rigoberta_Mench%C3%BA" title="Rigoberta Menchú">Rigoberta Menchú</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fatana_Ishaq_Gailani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fatana Ishaq Gailani (page does not exist)">Fatana Ishaq Gailani</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Somaly_Mam" title="Somaly Mam">Somaly Mam</a></li> <li>1999: <a href="/wiki/Pedro_Duque" title="Pedro Duque">Pedro Duque</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Glenn" title="John Glenn">John Glenn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chiaki_Mukai" title="Chiaki Mukai">Chiaki Mukai</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Valeri_Polyakov" title="Valeri Polyakov">Valeri Polyakov</a></li> <li>2000: <a href="/wiki/Fernando_Henrique_Cardoso" title="Fernando Henrique Cardoso">Fernando Henrique Cardoso</a></li> <li>2001: <a href="/wiki/International_Space_Station" title="International Space Station">International Space Station</a></li> <li>2002: The <a href="/wiki/Scientific_Committee_on_Antarctic_Research" title="Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research">Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research</a></li> <li>2003: <a href="/wiki/Luiz_In%C3%A1cio_Lula_da_Silva" title="Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva">Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva</a></li> <li>2004: The European Union's <a href="/wiki/Erasmus_Programme" title="Erasmus Programme">Erasmus Programme</a></li> <li>2005: <a href="/wiki/Simone_Veil" title="Simone Veil">Simone Veil</a></li> <li>2006: <a href="/wiki/Bill_%26_Melinda_Gates_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation">Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation</a></li> <li>2007: <a href="/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Al Gore</a></li> <li>2008: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Manhi%C3%A7a_Centre_of_Health_Research&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Manhiça Centre of Health Research (page does not exist)">Manhiça Centre of Health Research</a> (Mozambique), <a href="/wiki/Ifakara_Health_Institute" title="Ifakara Health Institute">Ifakara Health Institute</a> (Tanzania), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Malaria_Research_and_Training_Centre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Malaria Research and Training Centre (page does not exist)">Malaria Research and Training Centre</a> (Mali), and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kintampo_Health_Research_Centre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kintampo Health Research Centre (page does not exist)">Kintampo Health Research Centre</a> (Ghana)</li> <li>2009: <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a></li> <li>2010: <a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Transplantation_Society&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Transplantation Society (page does not exist)">The Transplantation Society</a> and the Spanish <a href="/wiki/National_Transplant_Organization" title="National Transplant Organization">National Transplant Organization</a></li> <li>2011: <a href="/wiki/Bill_Drayton" title="Bill Drayton">Bill Drayton</a></li> <li>2012: <a href="/wiki/International_Red_Cross_and_Red_Crescent_Movement" title="International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement">International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement</a></li> <li>2013: <a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Society" title="Max Planck Society">Max Planck Society</a> for the Advancement of Science</li> <li>2014: <a href="/wiki/Fulbright_Program" title="Fulbright Program">Fulbright Program</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#addeff;"><div id="Princess_of_Asturias_Award_for_International_Cooperation56" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Princess of Asturias Award for International Cooperation</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>2015: <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a></li> <li>2016: <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Framework_Convention_on_Climate_Change" title="United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change">United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Paris_Agreement" title="Paris Agreement">Paris Agreement</a></li> <li>2017: The <a href="/wiki/Hispanic_Society_of_America" title="Hispanic Society of America">Hispanic Society of America</a></li> <li>2018: <a href="/wiki/Amref_Health_Africa" title="Amref Health Africa">Amref Health Africa</a></li> <li>2019: <a href="/wiki/Sal_Khan" title="Sal Khan">Salman Khan</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Khan_Academy" title="Khan Academy">Khan Academy</a></li> <li>2020: <a href="/wiki/GAVI" title="GAVI">Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance</a></li> <li>2021: <a href="/wiki/Camfed" title="Camfed">Camfed, Campaign for Female Education</a></li> <li>2022: <a href="/wiki/Ellen_MacArthur" title="Ellen MacArthur">Ellen MacArthur</a></li> <li>2023: <a href="/wiki/Drugs_for_Neglected_Diseases_Initiative" title="Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiative">Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiative</a> (DNDi)</li> <li>2024: <a href="/wiki/Organization_of_Ibero-American_States" title="Organization of Ibero-American States">Organization of Ibero-American States for Education, Science and Culture</a> (OEI)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Time_Persons_of_the_Year103" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Time_Persons_of_the_Year" title="Template:Time Persons of the Year"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Time_Persons_of_the_Year" title="Template talk:Time Persons of the Year"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Time_Persons_of_the_Year" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Time Persons of the Year"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Time_Persons_of_the_Year103" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Time_Person_of_the_Year" title="Time Person of the Year">Time Persons of the Year</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1927–1950</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Lindbergh" title="Charles Lindbergh">Charles Lindbergh</a> (1927)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Chrysler" title="Walter Chrysler">Walter Chrysler</a> (1928)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owen_D._Young" title="Owen D. Young">Owen D. Young</a> (1929)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Mahatma Gandhi">Mohandas Gandhi</a> (1930)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Laval" title="Pierre Laval">Pierre Laval</a> (1931)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a> (1932)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_S._Johnson" title="Hugh S. Johnson">Hugh S. Johnson</a> (1933)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a> (1934)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haile_Selassie" title="Haile Selassie">Haile Selassie</a> (1935)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallis_Simpson" title="Wallis Simpson">Wallis Simpson</a> (1936)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiang_Kai-shek" title="Chiang Kai-shek">Chiang Kai-shek</a> / <a href="/wiki/Soong_Mei-ling" title="Soong Mei-ling">Soong Mei-ling</a> (1937)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a> (1938)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin" title="Joseph Stalin">Joseph Stalin</a> (1939)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a> (1940)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a> (1941)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin" title="Joseph Stalin">Joseph Stalin</a> (1942)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_C._Marshall" title="George C. Marshall">George Marshall</a> (1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower">Dwight D. Eisenhower</a> (1944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman" title="Harry S. Truman">Harry S. Truman</a> (1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_F._Byrnes" title="James F. Byrnes">James F. Byrnes</a> (1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_C._Marshall" title="George C. Marshall">George Marshall</a> (1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman" title="Harry S. Truman">Harry S. Truman</a> (1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a> (1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">The American Fighting-Man</a> (1950)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1951–1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Mosaddegh" title="Mohammad Mosaddegh">Mohammed Mosaddeq</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Elizabeth II </a> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konrad_Adenauer" title="Konrad Adenauer">Konrad Adenauer</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Foster_Dulles" title="John Foster Dulles">John Foster Dulles</a> (1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harlow_Curtice" title="Harlow Curtice">Harlow Curtice</a> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Revolution_of_1956" title="Hungarian Revolution of 1956">Hungarian Freedom Fighters</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikita_Khrushchev" title="Nikita Khrushchev">Nikita Khrushchev</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Gaulle" title="Charles de Gaulle">Charles de Gaulle</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower">Dwight D. Eisenhower</a> (1959)</li> <li> U.S. Scientists: <a href="/wiki/George_Beadle" title="George Beadle">George Beadle</a> / <a href="/wiki/Charles_Stark_Draper" title="Charles Stark Draper">Charles Draper</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Franklin_Enders" title="John Franklin Enders">John Enders</a> / <a href="/wiki/Donald_A._Glaser" title="Donald A. Glaser">Donald A. Glaser</a> / <a href="/wiki/Joshua_Lederberg" title="Joshua Lederberg">Joshua Lederberg</a> / <a href="/wiki/Willard_Libby" title="Willard Libby">Willard Libby</a> / <a href="/wiki/Linus_Pauling" title="Linus Pauling">Linus Pauling</a> / <a href="/wiki/Edward_Mills_Purcell" title="Edward Mills Purcell">Edward Purcell</a> / <a href="/wiki/Isidor_Isaac_Rabi" title="Isidor Isaac Rabi">Isidor Rabi</a> / <a href="/wiki/Emilio_Segr%C3%A8" title="Emilio Segrè">Emilio Segrè</a> / <a href="/wiki/William_Shockley" title="William Shockley">William Shockley</a> / <a href="/wiki/Edward_Teller" title="Edward Teller">Edward Teller</a> / <a href="/wiki/Charles_H._Townes" title="Charles H. Townes">Charles Townes</a> / <a href="/wiki/James_Van_Allen" title="James Van Allen">James Van Allen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Robert_Burns_Woodward" title="Robert Burns Woodward">Robert Woodward</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_John_XXIII" title="Pope John XXIII">Pope John XXIII</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr." title="Martin Luther King Jr.">Martin Luther King Jr.</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Lyndon B. Johnson</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Westmoreland" title="William Westmoreland">William Westmoreland</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baby_boomers" title="Baby boomers">The Generation Twenty-Five and Under</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Lyndon B. Johnson</a> (1967)</li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Apollo_8" title="Apollo 8">The Apollo 8 Astronauts</a>: <a href="/wiki/William_Anders" title="William Anders">William Anders</a> / <a href="/wiki/Frank_Borman" title="Frank Borman">Frank Borman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jim_Lovell" title="Jim Lovell">Jim Lovell</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_America_(United_States)" title="Middle America (United States)">The Middle Americans</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willy_Brandt" title="Willy Brandt">Willy Brandt</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Kissinger" title="Henry Kissinger">Henry Kissinger</a> / <a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Sirica" title="John Sirica">John Sirica</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faisal_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Faisal of Saudi Arabia">King Faisal</a> (1974)</li> <li> American Women: <a href="/wiki/Susan_Brownmiller" title="Susan Brownmiller">Susan Brownmiller</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kathleen_Byerly" title="Kathleen Byerly">Kathleen Byerly</a> / <a href="/wiki/Alison_Cheek" title="Alison Cheek">Alison Cheek</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jill_Ker_Conway" title="Jill Ker Conway">Jill Conway</a> / <a href="/wiki/Betty_Ford" title="Betty Ford">Betty Ford</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ella_Grasso" title="Ella Grasso">Ella Grasso</a> / <a href="/wiki/Carla_Anderson_Hills" title="Carla Anderson Hills">Carla Hills</a> / <a href="/wiki/Barbara_Jordan" title="Barbara Jordan">Barbara Jordan</a> / <a href="/wiki/Billie_Jean_King" title="Billie Jean King">Billie Jean King</a> / <a href="/wiki/Susie_Sharp" title="Susie Sharp">Susie Sharp</a> / <a href="/wiki/Carol_Sutton_(journalist)" title="Carol Sutton (journalist)">Carol Sutton</a> / <a href="/wiki/Addie_L._Wyatt" title="Addie L. Wyatt">Addie Wyatt</a> (1975)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Jimmy Carter</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anwar_Sadat" title="Anwar Sadat">Anwar Sadat</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deng_Xiaoping" title="Deng Xiaoping">Deng Xiaoping</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruhollah_Khomeini" title="Ruhollah Khomeini">Ayatollah Khomeini</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lech_Wa%C5%82%C4%99sa" title="Lech Wałęsa">Lech Wałęsa</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_computer" title="Personal computer">The Computer</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a> / <a href="/wiki/Yuri_Andropov" title="Yuri Andropov">Yuri Andropov</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Ueberroth" title="Peter Ueberroth">Peter Ueberroth</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deng_Xiaoping" title="Deng Xiaoping">Deng Xiaoping</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corazon_Aquino" title="Corazon Aquino">Corazon Aquino</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Gorbachev" title="Mikhail Gorbachev">Mikhail Gorbachev</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmentalism" title="Environmentalism">The Endangered Earth</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Gorbachev" title="Mikhail Gorbachev">Mikhail Gorbachev</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ted_Turner" title="Ted Turner">Ted Turner</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a> (1992)</li> <li> The Peacemakers: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Yasser Arafat</a> / <a href="/wiki/F._W._de_Klerk" title="F. W. de Klerk">F. W. de Klerk</a> / <a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela" title="Nelson Mandela">Nelson Mandela</a> / <a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Rabin" title="Yitzhak Rabin">Yitzhak Rabin</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_II" title="Pope John Paul II">Pope John Paul II</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newt_Gingrich" title="Newt Gingrich">Newt Gingrich</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Ho" title="David Ho">David Ho</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Grove" title="Andrew Grove">Andrew Grove</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ken_Starr" title="Ken Starr">Ken Starr</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Bezos" title="Jeff Bezos">Jeff Bezos</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> (2000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rudy_Giuliani" title="Rudy Giuliani">Rudolph Giuliani</a> (2001)</li> <li> The Whistleblowers: <a href="/wiki/Cynthia_Cooper_(accountant)" title="Cynthia Cooper (accountant)">Cynthia Cooper</a> / <a href="/wiki/Coleen_Rowley" title="Coleen Rowley">Coleen Rowley</a> / <a href="/wiki/Sherron_Watkins" title="Sherron Watkins">Sherron Watkins</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">The American Soldier</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> (2004)</li> <li> The Good Samaritans: <a href="/wiki/Bono" title="Bono">Bono</a> / <a href="/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates">Bill Gates</a> / <a href="/wiki/Melinda_French_Gates" title="Melinda French Gates">Melinda Gates</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/You_(Time_Person_of_the_Year)" title="You (Time Person of the Year)">You</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Bernanke" title="Ben Bernanke">Ben Bernanke</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Zuckerberg" title="Mark Zuckerberg">Mark Zuckerberg</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protest" title="Protest">The Protester</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Francis" title="Pope Francis">Pope Francis</a> (2013)</li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_West_African_Ebola_virus_epidemic" title="Responses to the West African Ebola virus epidemic">Ebola Fighters</a>: Dr. Jerry Brown / Dr. <a href="/wiki/Kent_Brantly" title="Kent Brantly">Kent Brantly</a> / Ella Watson-Stryker / Foday Gollah / <a href="/wiki/Salome_Karwah" title="Salome Karwah">Salome Karwah</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Merkel" title="Angela Merkel">Angela Merkel</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MeToo_movement" title="MeToo movement">The Silence Breakers</a> (2017)</li> <li> The Guardians: <a href="/wiki/Jamal_Khashoggi" title="Jamal Khashoggi">Jamal Khashoggi</a> / <a href="/wiki/Maria_Ressa" title="Maria Ressa">Maria Ressa</a> / <a href="/wiki/Wa_Lone" title="Wa Lone">Wa Lone</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kyaw_Soe_Oo" title="Kyaw Soe Oo">Kyaw Soe Oo</a> / Staff of <a href="/wiki/Capital_Gazette_shooting" title="Capital Gazette shooting">The Capital</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greta_Thunberg" title="Greta Thunberg">Greta Thunberg</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris">Kamala Harris</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elon_Musk" title="Elon Musk">Elon Musk</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volodymyr_Zelenskyy" title="Volodymyr Zelenskyy">Volodymyr Zelenskyy</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ukrainians" title="Ukrainians">Spirit of Ukraine</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taylor_Swift" title="Taylor Swift">Taylor Swift</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Arab_nationalism328" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Arab_nationalism" title="Template:Arab nationalism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Arab_nationalism" title="Template talk:Arab nationalism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Arab_nationalism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Arab nationalism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Arab_nationalism328" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Arab_nationalism" title="Arab nationalism">Arab nationalism</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ideology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_socialism" title="Arab socialism">Arab socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab-Islamic_nationalism" title="Arab-Islamic nationalism">Arab-Islamic nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ba%27athism" title="Ba'athism">Ba'athism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasserism" title="Nasserism">Nasserism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Arabism" title="Pan-Arabism">Pan-Arabism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_International_Theory" title="Third International Theory">Third International Theory</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Revolt" title="Arab Revolt">Arab Revolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intercommunal_conflict_in_Mandatory_Palestine" title="Intercommunal conflict in Mandatory Palestine">Intercommunal conflict in Mandatory Palestine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1936%E2%80%931939_Arab_revolt_in_Palestine" title="1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine">1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Revolt" title="Iraqi Revolt">Iraqi Revolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_separatism_in_Khuzestan" title="Arab separatism in Khuzestan">Arab separatism in Khuzestan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1979_Khuzestan_insurgency" title="1979 Khuzestan insurgency">1979 Khuzestan insurgency</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Syrian_Revolt" title="Great Syrian Revolt">Great Syrian Revolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1941_Iraqi_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1941 Iraqi coup d'état">1941 Iraqi coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Iraqi_War" title="Anglo-Iraqi War">Anglo-Iraqi War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_conflict" title="Arab–Israeli conflict">Arab–Israeli conflict</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Suez_Crisis" title="Suez Crisis">Suez Crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Six-Day_War" title="Six-Day War">Six-Day War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_Attrition" title="War of Attrition">War of Attrition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yom_Kippur_War" title="Yom Kippur War">Yom Kippur War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict" title="Israeli–Palestinian conflict">Israeli–Palestinian conflict</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1952_Egyptian_revolution" title="1952 Egyptian revolution">1952 Egyptian revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Intifada_(1952)" title="Iraqi Intifada (1952)">Iraqi Intifada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algerian_War" title="Algerian War">Algerian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/14_July_Revolution" title="14 July Revolution">14 July Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1959_Mosul_uprising" title="1959 Mosul uprising">1959 Mosul uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1961_Syrian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1961 Syrian coup d'état">1961 Syrian coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Cold_War" title="Arab Cold War">Arab Cold War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Yemen_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="North Yemen Civil War">North Yemen Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramadan_Revolution" title="Ramadan Revolution">Ramadan Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1963_Syrian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1963 Syrian coup d'état">1963 Syrian coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhofar_War" title="Dhofar War">Dhofar War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_1963_Iraqi_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="November 1963 Iraqi coup d'état">November 1963 Iraqi coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aden_Emergency" title="Aden Emergency">Aden Emergency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1966_Syrian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1966 Syrian coup d'état">1966 Syrian coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/17_July_Revolution" title="17 July Revolution">17 July Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1969_Sudanese_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1969 Sudanese coup d'état">1969 Sudanese coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1969_Libyan_revolution" title="1969 Libyan revolution">1969 Libyan revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_September" title="Black September">Black September</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanese_Civil_War" title="Lebanese Civil War">Lebanese Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_proxy_conflict" title="Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict">Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemeni_unification" title="Yemeni unification">Yemeni unification</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_identity" title="Arab identity">Arab identity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Union" title="Arab Union">Arab Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_world" title="Arab world">Arab world</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabization" title="Arabization">Arabization</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Arab_nationalists" title="Category:Arab nationalists">Personalities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Butrus_al-Bustani" title="Butrus al-Bustani">Butrus al-Bustani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Aflaq" title="Michel Aflaq">Michel Aflaq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jassem_Alwan" title="Jassem Alwan">Jassem Alwan</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Yasser Arafat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Rahman_Arif" title="Abdul Rahman Arif">Abdul Rahman Arif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Salam_Arif" title="Abdul Salam Arif">Abdul Salam Arif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaki_al-Arsuzi" title="Zaki al-Arsuzi">Zaki al-Arsuzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bashar_al-Assad" title="Bashar al-Assad">Bashar al-Assad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hafez_al-Assad" title="Hafez al-Assad">Hafez al-Assad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamal_al-Atassi" title="Jamal al-Atassi">Jamal al-Atassi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mansur_al-Atrash" title="Mansur al-Atrash">Mansur al-Atrash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultan_al-Atrash" title="Sultan al-Atrash">Sultan al-Atrash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tariq_Aziz" title="Tariq Aziz">Tariq Aziz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Hassan_al-Bakr" title="Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr">Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Ben_Bella" title="Ahmed Ben Bella">Ahmed Ben Bella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salah_al-Din_al-Bitar" title="Salah al-Din al-Bitar">Salah al-Din al-Bitar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Izzat_Darwaza" title="Izzat Darwaza">Izzat Darwaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faisal_I_of_Iraq" title="Faisal I of Iraq">Faisal I of Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muammar_Gaddafi" title="Muammar Gaddafi">Muammar Gaddafi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashid_Ali_al-Gaylani" title="Rashid Ali al-Gaylani">Rashid Ali al-Gaylani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Habash" title="George Habash">George Habash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sati%27_al-Husri" title="Sati' al-Husri">Sati' al-Husri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hussein_bin_Ali,_King_of_Hejaz" title="Hussein bin Ali, King of Hejaz">Hussein bin Ali, King of Hejaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saddam_Hussein" title="Saddam Hussein">Saddam Hussein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amin_al-Husseini" title="Amin al-Husseini">Amin al-Husseini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salah_Jadid" title="Salah Jadid">Salah Jadid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Rahman_al-Kawakibi" title="Abd al-Rahman al-Kawakibi">Abd al-Rahman al-Kawakibi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Most%C3%A9fa_Merarda" title="Mostéfa Merarda">Mostéfa Merarda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamal_Abdel_Nasser" title="Gamal Abdel Nasser">Gamal Abdel Nasser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adnan_Pachachi" title="Adnan Pachachi">Adnan Pachachi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ameen_Rihani" title="Ameen Rihani">Ameen Rihani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuad_al-Rikabi" title="Fuad al-Rikabi">Fuad al-Rikabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_Rimawi" title="Abdullah Rimawi">Abdullah Rimawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamdeen_Sabahi" title="Hamdeen Sabahi">Hamdeen Sabahi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantin_Zureiq" title="Constantin Zureiq">Constantin Zureiq</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Arab_nationalist_parties" title="List of Arab nationalist parties">Organizations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Awda_(guerrilla_organization)" title="Al-Awda (guerrilla organization)">Al-Awda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Fatat" title="Al-Fatat">Al-Fatat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mourabitoun" title="Al-Mourabitoun">Al-Mourabitoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Ba%27ath" title="Arab Ba'ath">Arab Ba'ath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Ba%27ath_Movement" title="Arab Ba'ath Movement">Arab Ba'ath Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Federation" title="Arab Federation">Arab Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Higher_Committee" title="Arab Higher Committee">Arab Higher Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Islamic_Republic" title="Arab Islamic Republic">Arab Islamic Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Liberation_Army" title="Arab Liberation Army">Arab Liberation Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Nationalist_Movement" title="Arab Nationalist Movement">Arab Nationalist Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Socialist_Action_Party" title="Arab Socialist Action Party">Arab Socialist Action Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Socialist_Union_(Egypt)" title="Arab Socialist Union (Egypt)">Arab Socialist Union (Egypt)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Socialist_Union_(Iraq)" title="Arab Socialist Union (Iraq)">Arab Socialist Union (Iraq)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Socialist_Union_(Libya)" title="Arab Socialist Union (Libya)">Arab Socialist Union (Libya)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Socialist_Union_Party_(Syria)" title="Arab Socialist Union Party (Syria)">Arab Socialist Union Party (Syria)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabian_Peninsula_People%27s_Union" title="Arabian Peninsula People's Union">Arabian Peninsula People's Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army_of_the_Men_of_the_Naqshbandi_Order" title="Army of the Men of the Naqshbandi Order">Army of the Men of the Naqshbandi Order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ba%27ath_Party" title="Ba'ath Party">Ba'ath Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ba%27ath_Party_(Iraqi-dominated_faction)" title="Ba'ath Party (Iraqi-dominated faction)">Ba'ath Party (Iraqi-dominated faction)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ba%27ath_Party_(Syrian-dominated_faction)" title="Ba'ath Party (Syrian-dominated faction)">Ba'ath Party (Syrian-dominated faction)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatah" title="Fatah">Fatah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Arab_Republics" title="Federation of Arab Republics">Federation of Arab Republics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Military_Council_for_Iraqi_Revolutionaries" title="General Military Council for Iraqi Revolutionaries">General Military Council for Iraqi Revolutionaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independence_Party_(Mandatory_Palestine)" title="Independence Party (Mandatory Palestine)">Independence Party (Mandatory Palestine)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Legion" title="Islamic Legion">Islamic Legion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanese_National_Movement" title="Lebanese National Movement">Lebanese National Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Liberation_Front_(Algeria)" title="National Liberation Front (Algeria)">National Liberation Front (Algeria)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestine_Liberation_Organization" title="Palestine Liberation Organization">Palestine Liberation Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Front_for_the_Liberation_of_Palestine" title="Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine">Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rejectionist_Front" title="Rejectionist Front">Rejectionist Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Command_for_Jihad_and_Liberation" title="Supreme Command for Jihad and Liberation">Supreme Command for Jihad and Liberation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unified_Political_Command" title="Unified Political Command">Unified Political Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Arab_Republics_(1972)" title="Union of Arab Republics (1972)">Union of Arab Republics (1972)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Republic" title="United Arab Republic">United Arab Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Arab_States" title="United Arab States">United Arab States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Literature</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Arab_Awakening" title="The Arab Awakening">The Arab Awakening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Battle_for_One_Destiny" title="The Battle for One Destiny">The Battle for One Destiny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/On_the_Way_of_Resurrection" title="On the Way of Resurrection">On the Way of Resurrection</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Arab_nationalist_symbols" title="Category:Arab nationalist symbols">Symbolism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Liberation_Flag" title="Arab Liberation Flag">Arab Liberation Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Arab_Republic" title="Coat of arms of the United Arab Republic">Coat of arms of the United Arab Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eagle_of_Saladin" title="Eagle of Saladin">Eagle of Saladin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_Arab_Federation" title="Flag of the Arab Federation">Flag of the Arab Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_Arab_Revolt" title="Flag of the Arab Revolt">Flag of the Arab Revolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_Federation_of_Arab_Republics" title="Flag of the Federation of Arab Republics">Flag of the Federation of Arab Republics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic" title="Flag of the United Arab Republic">Flag of the United Arab Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawk_of_Quraish" title="Hawk of Quraish">Hawk of Quraish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Arab_colors" title="Pan-Arab colors">Pan-Arab colors</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algerian_nationalism" title="Algerian nationalism">Algerian nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_nationalism" title="Egyptian nationalism">Egyptian nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Mauritania" title="Greater Mauritania">Greater Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Morocco" title="Greater Morocco">Greater Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syria_(region)" title="Syria (region)">Greater Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Yemen" class="mw-redirect" title="Greater Yemen">Greater Yemen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_nationalism" title="Iraqi nationalism">Iraqi nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamism" title="Islamism">Islamism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordanian_nationalism" title="Jordanian nationalism">Jordanian nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanese_nationalism" title="Lebanese nationalism">Lebanese nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_nationalism" title="Libyan nationalism">Libyan nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_nationalism" title="Palestinian nationalism">Palestinian nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Islamism" title="Pan-Islamism">Pan-Islamism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahrawi_nationalism" title="Sahrawi nationalism">Sahrawi nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_nationalism" title="Syrian nationalism">Syrian nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisian_nationalism" title="Tunisian nationalism">Tunisian nationalism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Arab_nationalism" title="Category:Arab nationalism">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34211#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata3816" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34211#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata3816" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34211#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000121481294">ISNI</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/112863535">VIAF</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/111743/">FAST</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJhCBCV8PpyfXMX4cDJkXd">WorldCat</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118503766">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n83055228">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb120454206">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb120454206">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00620275">Japan</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/CFIV075512">Italy</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an40524425">Australia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ola2002146926&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX834305">Spain</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aleph.bibnat.ro:8991/F/?func=direct&local_base=NLR10&doc_number=000008049">Romania</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p072353813">Netherlands</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90219652">Norway</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000339935&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=197065">Greece</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/wt799wlf43w8jb2">Sweden</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810546213105606">Poland</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007257694005171">Israel</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058570965706706">Catalonia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14056693">Belgium</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA06992421?l=en">CiNii</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kulturnav.org/7eb03165-7571-4395-a7f6-8578bcd9a532">KulturNav</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.performing-arts.eu/discovery/agent/gnd_118503766">FID</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1447663">Trove</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/118503766.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118503766">DDB</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/030636930">IdRef</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10570196">NARA</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6vr9hjz">SNAC</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://esu.com.ua/search_articles.php?id=43163">Encyclopedia of Modern Ukraine</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/arafat-yasir">İslâm Ansiklopedisi</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yasser_Arafat&oldid=1277276148">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yasser_Arafat&oldid=1277276148</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Yasser_Arafat" title="Category:Yasser Arafat">Yasser Arafat</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1929_births" title="Category:1929 births">1929 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2004_deaths" title="Category:2004 deaths">2004 deaths</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_Palestinian_politicians" title="Category:20th-century Palestinian politicians">20th-century Palestinian politicians</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_presidents_in_Asia" title="Category:20th-century presidents in Asia">20th-century presidents in Asia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:21st-century_Palestinian_politicians" title="Category:21st-century Palestinian politicians">21st-century Palestinian politicians</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Arab_people_in_Palestine" title="Category:Arab people in Palestine">Arab people in Palestine</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cairo_University_alumni" title="Category:Cairo University alumni">Cairo University alumni</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Central_Committee_of_Fatah_members" title="Category:Central Committee of Fatah members">Central Committee of Fatah members</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Collars_of_the_Order_of_the_White_Lion" title="Category:Collars of the Order of the White Lion">Collars of the Order of the White Lion</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Fatah_military_commanders" title="Category:Fatah military commanders">Fatah military commanders</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Members_of_the_Executive_Committee_of_the_Palestine_Liberation_Organization" title="Category:Members of the Executive Committee of the Palestine Liberation Organization">Members of the Executive Committee of the Palestine Liberation Organization</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Muslim_socialists" title="Category:Muslim socialists">Muslim socialists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Nobel_Peace_Prize_laureates" title="Category:Nobel Peace Prize laureates">Nobel Peace Prize laureates</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Palestine_Liberation_Organization_members" title="Category:Palestine Liberation Organization members">Palestine Liberation Organization members</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Palestine_Liberation_Organization" title="Category:Palestine Liberation Organization">Palestine Liberation Organization</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Palestinian_Arab_nationalists" title="Category:Palestinian Arab nationalists">Palestinian Arab nationalists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Palestinian_billionaires" title="Category:Palestinian billionaires">Palestinian billionaires</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Palestinian_civil_engineers" title="Category:Palestinian civil engineers">Palestinian civil engineers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Palestinian_Muslims" title="Category:Palestinian Muslims">Palestinian Muslims</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Palestinian_nationalists" title="Category:Palestinian nationalists">Palestinian nationalists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Palestinian_Nobel_laureates" title="Category:Palestinian Nobel laureates">Palestinian Nobel laureates</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Palestinian_people_imprisoned_by_Syria" title="Category:Palestinian people imprisoned by Syria">Palestinian people imprisoned by Syria</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Palestinian_people_of_Egyptian_descent" title="Category:Palestinian people of Egyptian descent">Palestinian people of Egyptian descent</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Palestinian_revolutionaries" title="Category:Palestinian revolutionaries">Palestinian revolutionaries</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_of_the_Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict" title="Category:People of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict">People of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_of_the_Lebanese_Civil_War" title="Category:People of the Lebanese Civil War">People of the Lebanese Civil War</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Politicians_from_Cairo" title="Category:Politicians from Cairo">Politicians from Cairo</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Presidents_of_Palestine" title="Category:Presidents of Palestine">Presidents of Palestine</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Presidents_of_the_Palestinian_National_Authority" title="Category:Presidents of the Palestinian National Authority">Presidents of the Palestinian National Authority</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Recipients_of_the_Order_of_Prince_Yaroslav_the_Wise,_1st_class" title="Category:Recipients of the Order of Prince Yaroslav the Wise, 1st class">Recipients of the Order of Prince Yaroslav the Wise, 1st class</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Sri_Lanka_Mitra_Vibhushana" title="Category:Sri Lanka Mitra Vibhushana">Sri Lanka Mitra Vibhushana</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Survivors_of_aviation_accidents_or_incidents" title="Category:Survivors of aviation accidents or incidents">Survivors of aviation accidents or incidents</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_engineers" title="Category:20th-century engineers">20th-century engineers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_of_the_Second_Intifada" title="Category:People of the Second Intifada">People of the Second Intifada</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Arabic-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Arabic-language text">Articles containing Arabic-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_Levantine_Arabic_IPA" title="Category:Pages with Levantine Arabic IPA">Pages with Levantine Arabic IPA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_dead_external_links" title="Category:All articles with dead external links">All articles with dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_June_2024" title="Category:Articles with dead external links from June 2024">Articles with dead external links from June 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_permanently_dead_external_links" title="Category:Articles with permanently dead external links">Articles with permanently dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_uses_Arabic-language_script_(ar)" title="Category:CS1 uses Arabic-language script (ar)">CS1 uses Arabic-language script (ar)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Arabic-language_sources_(ar)" title="Category:CS1 Arabic-language sources (ar)">CS1 Arabic-language sources (ar)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_containing_links_to_subscription-only_content" title="Category:Pages containing links to subscription-only content">Pages containing links to subscription-only content</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1:_unfit_URL" title="Category:CS1: unfit URL">CS1: unfit URL</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_French-language_sources_(fr)" title="Category:CS1 French-language sources (fr)">CS1 French-language sources (fr)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Featured_articles" title="Category:Featured articles">Featured articles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_extended-confirmed-protected_pages" title="Category:Wikipedia extended-confirmed-protected pages">Wikipedia extended-confirmed-protected pages</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_July_2024" title="Category:Use dmy dates from July 2024">Use dmy dates from July 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_Sister_project_links_with_wikidata_namespace_mismatch" title="Category:Pages using Sister project links with wikidata namespace mismatch">Pages using Sister project links with wikidata namespace mismatch</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_Sister_project_links_with_hidden_wikidata" title="Category:Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata">Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Nobelprize_template_using_Wikidata_property_P8024" title="Category:Nobelprize template using Wikidata property P8024">Nobelprize template using Wikidata property P8024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_appearing_on_C-SPAN" title="Category:People appearing on C-SPAN">People appearing on C-SPAN</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_video_clips" title="Category:Articles containing video clips">Articles containing video clips</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 23 February 2025, at 18:39 (UTC).</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yasser_Arafat&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia.svg" width="25" height="25" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" width="88" height="31"><img src="/w/resources/assets/mediawiki_compact.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="25" height="25" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"> Search </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia"> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" >Yasser Arafat</div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"> 118 languages </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"> Add topic </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-75fbfdcd46-4kmz6","wgBackendResponseTime":169,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"2.596","walltime":"3.062","ppvisitednodes":{"value":23351,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":583901,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":23080,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":20,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":37,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":772304,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 2585.080 1 -total"," 42.56% 1100.178 2 Template:Reflist"," 15.84% 409.406 1 Template:Infobox_officeholder"," 11.97% 309.412 54 Template:Cite_web"," 10.37% 268.104 62 Template:Cite_news"," 8.40% 217.035 48 Template:Cite_book"," 5.73% 148.224 2 Template:Efn"," 5.00% 129.367 1 Template:Yasser_Arafat_series"," 4.93% 127.527 1 Template:Sidebar_person"," 4.70% 121.494 17 Template:Infobox_officeholder/office"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"1.561","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":26695087,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"table#1 {\n}\n\"\"\nanchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFAbdalla2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAbu_SharifUzi_Mahmaini1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAbu_Toameh2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAburish1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAburish2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAlonHass2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAmayreh2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBannoura2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBarzak2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBennet2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBennetErlanger2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBerger2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBergman2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBeyer2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBiles2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBlankley2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBowen2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBrady1968\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBrexel2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCarlstrom2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCarlstrom2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCarter2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCath_Senker2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChabin,_Michele2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChomsky1999\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFCobban1984\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCooley1973\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCrean2003\"] = 3,\n [\"CITEREFCreed2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDunn2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEmmott2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFErlangerAltman2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFForgione2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFroidevauxBaechlerBailatCastella2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFrum2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGhanem2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGilbert1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGowersTony_Walker1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGowersTony_Walker2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHarris\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHarris1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHart1989\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHart1994\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHeikal1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHerzog\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHillman2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHockstader2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHuggler2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHussein\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIsachenkov2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKapeliouk2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKarsh2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKathleen_Sweet2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKatz2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKershner,_Isabel2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKlein2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKumaraswamy2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLaub,_Karin2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLaville2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLeft2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLema2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLindgren2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLivingstone1990\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLivingstoneHalevy1990\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMaoz2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMardelli2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMattar2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcDermott2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcDermott2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMelman2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMetz1988\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMiller2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMorris2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNaveh2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNichols,_Mark1977\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNisan2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOren1968\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOren2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPoort2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPoortSilverstein2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPragerMurray_J._GartYasser_Arafat1988\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRasheda\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRon,_Jonathan\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRubenstein2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRubensteinLeon1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRubinJudith_Colp_Rubin2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSaada,_TassMerrill,_Dean2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSayigh1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchmemann2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSela2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShlaimTribune2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSontag1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSpencer_C._Tucker,_Priscilla_Roberts2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStarr2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTait2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTaylor2013\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFTyler2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWallachJohn_Wallach1990\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWiner2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFYounanStrickert2003\"] = 1,\n [\"Early_life,_education_and_personal_life\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"1994 Nobel Prize winners\"] = 1,\n [\"Anchor\"] = 1,\n [\"Arab nationalism\"] = 1,\n [\"Arab-Israeli Conflict\"] = 1,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Birth date\"] = 1,\n [\"C-SPAN\"] = 1,\n [\"Cbignore\"] = 1,\n [\"Chairmen of the Executive Committee of the Palestine Liberation Organization\"] = 1,\n [\"Citation\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 48,\n [\"Cite encyclopedia\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite magazine\"] = 5,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 62,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 54,\n [\"Convert\"] = 1,\n [\"Cquote\"] = 1,\n [\"DEFAULTSORT:Arafat, Yasser\"] = 1,\n [\"Dead link\"] = 2,\n [\"Death date and age\"] = 1,\n [\"Efn\"] = 2,\n [\"External media\"] = 1,\n [\"Fatah\"] = 1,\n [\"Featured article\"] = 1,\n [\"Further\"] = 1,\n [\"Harvnb\"] = 23,\n [\"IMDb name\"] = 1,\n [\"IPA\"] = 1,\n [\"IPAc-en\"] = 2,\n [\"ISBN\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox officeholder\"] = 1,\n [\"JPosttopic\"] = 1,\n [\"Langx\"] = 3,\n [\"Main\"] = 2,\n [\"Marriage\"] = 1,\n [\"NYTtopic\"] = 1,\n [\"Nobel Peace Prize Laureates 1976-2000\"] = 1,\n [\"Nobelprize\"] = 1,\n [\"Nobold\"] = 1,\n [\"Notelist\"] = 1,\n [\"Plainlist\"] = 1,\n [\"Portal\"] = 1,\n [\"Pp-extended\"] = 1,\n [\"Presidents of the Palestinian Authority\"] = 1,\n [\"Prince of Asturias Award for International Cooperation\"] = 1,\n [\"Redirect\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Respell\"] = 2,\n [\"Rp\"] = 1,\n [\"See also\"] = 2,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Sister project links\"] = 1,\n [\"Snd\"] = 1,\n [\"Subscription required\"] = 3,\n [\"Time Persons of the Year 1976-2000\"] = 1,\n [\"Use dmy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"Wikinews\"] = 1,\n [\"Yasser Arafat series\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\nciteref_patterns = table#1 {\n}\n","limitreport-profile":[["?","460","25.3"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","220","12.1"],["dataWrapper \u003Cmw.lua:672\u003E","180","9.9"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getAllExpandedArguments","80","4.4"],["init \u003CModule:Citation/CS1/Date_validation\u003E","80","4.4"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::gsub","80","4.4"],["\u003Cmw.lua:694\u003E","60","3.3"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getExpandedArgument","60","3.3"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::match","60","3.3"],["select_one \u003CModule:Citation/CS1/Utilities:429\u003E","60","3.3"],["[others]","480","26.4"]]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-int.codfw.main-679bf888dd-wm7g5","timestamp":"20250225123641","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Yasser Arafat","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yasser_Arafat","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q34211","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q34211","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2001-10-12T20:02:16Z","dateModified":"2025-02-23T18:39:21Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/b\/b1\/Leader_of_the_PLO%2C_Yasser_Arafat%2C_1996_Dan_Hadani_Archive.jpg","headline":"Palestinian political leader (1929\u20132004)"}</script> </body> </html>