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<span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Budget" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Budget"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Budget</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Budget-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Programs_and_projects" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Programs_and_projects"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Programs and projects</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Programs_and_projects-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Programs and projects subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Programs_and_projects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Eyes_Wide_Open_project" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eyes_Wide_Open_project"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Eyes Wide Open project</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eyes_Wide_Open_project-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Current_strategic_focus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Current_strategic_focus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Current strategic focus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Current_strategic_focus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Criticism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Criticism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Criticism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Criticism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Further reading subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Archives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Archives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Archives</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Archives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">American Friends Service Committee</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 28 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-28" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">28 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%A9_%D8%A3%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7_%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B5%D8%AF%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A1" title="لجنة أمريكا لخدمات الأصدقاء – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="لجنة أمريكا لخدمات الأصدقاء" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%B8_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8_%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF" title="আমেরিকান ফ্রেন্ডস সার্ভিস কমিটি – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আমেরিকান ফ্রেন্ডস সার্ভিস কমিটি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5" title="Американски благотворителен комитет на приятелите – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Американски благотворителен комитет на приятелите" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comit%C3%A8_Americ%C3%A0_del_Servei_als_Amics" title="Comitè Americà del Servei als Amics – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Comitè Americà del Servei als Amics" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Friends_Service_Committee" title="American Friends Service Committee – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="American Friends Service Committee" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Friends_Service_Committee" title="American Friends Service Committee – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="American Friends Service Committee" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usona_Servokomitato_de_la_Amikoj" title="Usona Servokomitato de la Amikoj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Usona Servokomitato de la Amikoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%AA%D9%87_%D8%A2%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D8%AE%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="کمیته آمریکایی خدمات دوستان – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کمیته آمریکایی خدمات دوستان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Friends_Service_Committee" title="American Friends Service Committee – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="American Friends Service Committee" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AF%B8%EA%B5%AD_%ED%80%98%EC%9D%B4%EC%BB%A4_%EB%B4%89%EC%82%AC_%EC%9C%84%EC%9B%90%ED%9A%8C" title="미국 퀘이커 봉사 위원회 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="미국 퀘이커 봉사 위원회" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Friends_Service_Committee" title="American Friends Service Committee – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="American Friends Service Committee" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Friends_Service_Committee" title="American Friends Service Committee – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="American Friends Service Committee" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Friends_Service_Committee" title="American Friends Service Committee – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="American Friends Service Committee" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Friends_Service_Committee" title="American Friends Service Committee – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="American Friends Service Committee" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%92%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%97%E1%83%90_%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%96%E1%83%9D%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%9D%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%AE%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A8%E1%83%98" title="ამერიკის მეგობართა კომიტეტი საზოგადოების სამსახურში – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ამერიკის მეგობართა კომიტეტი საზოგადოების სამსახურში" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jawatankuasa_Khidmat_Sahabat_Amerika" title="Jawatankuasa Khidmat Sahabat Amerika – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Jawatankuasa Khidmat Sahabat Amerika" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Friends_Service_Committee" title="American Friends Service Committee – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="American Friends Service Committee" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A1%E3%83%AA%E3%82%AB%E3%83%BB%E3%83%95%E3%83%AC%E3%83%B3%E3%82%BA%E5%A5%89%E4%BB%95%E5%9B%A3" title="アメリカ・フレンズ奉仕団 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アメリカ・フレンズ奉仕団" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Friends_Service_Committee" title="American Friends Service Committee – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="American Friends Service Committee" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Friends_Service_Committee" title="American Friends Service Committee – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="American Friends Service Committee" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%A8_%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B8_%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%9F%E0%A9%80" title="ਅਮਰੀਕਨ ਫ਼੍ਰੈਂਡਜ਼ ਸਰਵਿਸ ਕਮੇਟੀ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਅਮਰੀਕਨ ਫ਼੍ਰੈਂਡਜ਼ ਸਰਵਿਸ ਕਮੇਟੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%86_%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%88%D8%B2_%D8%B3%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3_%DA%A9%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%B9%DB%8C" title="امریکن فرینڈز سروس کمیٹی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="امریکن فرینڈز سروس کمیٹی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%94%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B1%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%89%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D1%83" title="Американский комитет Друзей на службе обществу – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Американский комитет Друзей на службе обществу" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Friends_Service_Committee" title="American Friends Service Committee – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="American Friends Service Committee" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%99%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85_%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Амерички комитет пријатељских услуга – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Амерички комитет пријатељских услуга" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerikan_Dostluk_Hizmet_Komitesi" title="Amerikan Dostluk Hizmet Komitesi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Amerikan Dostluk Hizmet Komitesi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Quaker organization</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">American Friends Service Committee</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Artboard_3_copy_2@3x-8_(1).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Artboard_3_copy_2%403x-8_%281%29.png/220px-Artboard_3_copy_2%403x-8_%281%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Artboard_3_copy_2%403x-8_%281%29.png/330px-Artboard_3_copy_2%403x-8_%281%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Artboard_3_copy_2%403x-8_%281%29.png/440px-Artboard_3_copy_2%403x-8_%281%29.png 2x" data-file-width="4500" data-file-height="2250" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data note">April 30, 1917</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Founder</th><td class="infobox-data">17 members of the <a href="/wiki/Religious_Society_of_Friends" class="mw-redirect" title="Religious Society of Friends">Religious Society of Friends</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/501(c)(3)_organization" title="501(c)(3) organization">501(c)(3) organization</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Taxpayer_Identification_Number" title="Taxpayer Identification Number">Tax ID no.</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">23-1352010</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Location</th><td class="infobox-data label"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia,_Pennsylvania" class="mw-redirect" title="Philadelphia, Pennsylvania">Philadelphia, Pennsylvania</a>, US</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Origins</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Haverford,_Pennsylvania" title="Haverford, Pennsylvania">Haverford, Pennsylvania</a>, US</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Area served </div></th><td class="infobox-data">Worldwide with U.S. emphasis</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Key people</div></th><td class="infobox-data">Joyce Ajlouny, General Secretary</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Revenue </div></th><td class="infobox-data">US$40.9 million</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Employees</th><td class="infobox-data">350</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Volunteers </div></th><td class="infobox-data">thousands</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Award(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nobel_prize_winner.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Nobel_prize_winner.svg/20px-Nobel_prize_winner.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Nobel_prize_winner.svg/30px-Nobel_prize_winner.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Nobel_prize_winner.svg/40px-Nobel_prize_winner.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="150" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Peace" class="mw-redirect" title="Nobel Prize in Peace">Nobel Prize in Peace</a> (1947)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data">www.afsc.org</td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">Designations</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><div style="border:4px solid navy; line-height: 1.5; text-align: center;"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Pennsylvania_state_historical_markers" title="List of Pennsylvania state historical markers">Pennsylvania Historical Marker</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Official name</th><td class="infobox-data">American Friends Service Committee</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data">City</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Criteria</th><td class="infobox-data">Religion</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Designated</th><td class="infobox-data">November 6, 1999</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data">1501 Cherry St., at Friends Ctr., Philadelphia<br /><small><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=American_Friends_Service_Committee&params=39.95559_N_75.16477_W_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">39°57′20″N</span> <span class="longitude">75°09′53″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">39.95559°N 75.16477°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">39.95559; -75.16477</span></span></span></a></span></span></small></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><th colspan="2"> </th></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>American Friends Service Committee</b> (<b>AFSC</b>) is a <a href="/wiki/Religious_Society_of_Friends" class="mw-redirect" title="Religious Society of Friends">Religious Society of Friends</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Quakers" title="Quakers">Quaker</a>)-founded</i> organization working for <a href="/wiki/Peace" title="Peace">peace</a> and <a href="/wiki/Social_justice" title="Social justice">social justice</a> in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> and around the world. AFSC was founded in 1917 as a combined effort by American members of the Religious Society of Friends to assist <a href="/wiki/Civilian" title="Civilian">civilian</a> victims of <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>. It continued to engage in relief action in <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> after the Armistice of 1918. By the mid-1920s, AFSC focused on improving racial relations, immigration policy, and labor conditions in the U.S., as well as exploring ways to prevent the outbreak of another conflict before and after <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>. As the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a> developed, the organization began to employ more professionals rather than Quaker volunteers. Over time, it broadened its appeal and began to respond more forcefully to <a href="/wiki/Racial_injustice" class="mw-redirect" title="Racial injustice">racial injustice</a>, international <a href="/wiki/Peacebuilding" title="Peacebuilding">peacebuilding</a>, <a href="/wiki/Migrant_crisis" title="Migrant crisis">migration</a> and <a href="/wiki/Refugee_crisis" title="Refugee crisis">refugee</a> issues, women's issues, and the demands of sexual minorities for equal treatment. Currently, the organization's three priorities include work on peacebuilding, a focus on just economies, and humane responses to the global migration crisis. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Friends_Service_Committee&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Quakers traditionally oppose <a href="/wiki/Violence" title="Violence">violence</a> in all of its forms and therefore many refuse to serve in the <a href="/wiki/Military" title="Military">military</a>, even when <a href="/wiki/Conscription" title="Conscription">drafted</a>. AFSC's original mission arose from the need to provide <a href="/wiki/Conscientious_objector" title="Conscientious objector">conscientious objectors</a> (COs) with a constructive alternative to military service. In 1947, AFSC, along with its British counterpart, the Friends Service Council (now known as <a href="/wiki/Quaker_Peace_and_Social_Witness" title="Quaker Peace and Social Witness">Quaker Peace and Social</a> Witness), received the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="Nobel Peace Prize">Nobel Peace Prize</a> on behalf of all Quakers worldwide.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Established in 1917 by <a href="/wiki/Friends_(Quakers)" class="mw-redirect" title="Friends (Quakers)">Friends</a> from different branches of American Quakerism, AFSC is connected to the Religious Society of Friends through its official Corporation, which is established in the organization's bylaws: "The members of the Corporation shall be those persons, being members of the Religious Society of Friends, as may from time to time be appointed to membership in accordance with the provisions of these Bylaws." The members are a combination of "<a href="/wiki/Yearly_Meeting" title="Yearly Meeting">Yearly Meeting</a> appointees" and "at-large members." The bylaws further state: "Appointment of Members by Yearly Meetings. Each Yearly Meeting of the Religious Society of Friends in the United States of America shall be entitled Bylaws of the American Friends Service Committee to appoint such number of persons as may be fixed by the Friends Relations Committee of the Corporation to serve as members of the Corporation," and "Appointment of Members-at-Large. The Standing Nominating Committee shall provide nominations of the persons who are to be members of the Corporation for the ensuing year...taking AFSC’s policies regarding diversity and inclusion into consideration."<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Friends_Service_Committee&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In April 1917, just days after the United States entered<a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> by declaring war on Germany and its allies, a group of Quakers met in <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a> to discuss the impending <a href="/wiki/Military_draft" class="mw-redirect" title="Military draft">military draft</a> and its impact on members of <a href="/wiki/Peace_churches" title="Peace churches">peace churches</a> such as Quakers, <a href="/wiki/Mennonites" title="Mennonites">Mennonites</a>, <a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Brethren" title="Church of the Brethren">Brethren</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Amish" title="Amish">Amish</a>. They developed ideas for <a href="/wiki/Alternative_service" class="mw-redirect" title="Alternative service">alternative services</a> that could be performed directly in the battle zones of northern France.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Frame"><a href="/wiki/File:American_Friends_Service_Committee_logo.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9b/American_Friends_Service_Committee_logo.png" decoding="async" width="123" height="112" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="123" data-file-height="112" /></a><figcaption>A historic AFSC logo</figcaption></figure> <p>The group also formulated plans for interacting with the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">United States Army</a>, which had been inconsistent in its treatment of pacifist churches were legally exempt from the draft, individual state draft boards interpreted the law in various ways. Many Quakers and other COs were ordered to report to army camps for military service. Some COs, unaware of the significance of reporting for duty, were surprised to learn that this was interpreted by the military as a willingness to fight. One of AFSC's first tasks was to identify COs, locate the camps where they were held, and visit them to provide spiritual guidance and moral support. In areas where the pacifist churches were more wildly recognized, such as <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a>, several of draft boards were willing to assign COs to AFSC for alternative service.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In addition to organizing alternative service programs for COs, AFSC collected relief in the form of food, clothing, and other supplies for <a href="/wiki/Displaced_person" class="mw-redirect" title="Displaced person">displaced persons</a> in <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>. Quakers were encouraged to donate old and make new garments; grow fruits and vegetables, can them, and send them to AFSC headquarters in <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a>. The AFSC then shipped these materials to France for distribution. Young men and women were sent to work in France alongside British Quakers, providing relief and medical care to refugees, repairing and rebuilding homes, assisting farmers in replanting fields damaged by the war, and founding a <a href="/wiki/Maternity_hospital" title="Maternity hospital">maternity hospital</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After World War I ended in 1918, AFSC expanded its work to <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a>, assisting orphans and victims of famine and disease. In <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> and <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a>, they established kitchens to feed hungry children.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Eventually, AFSC was chartered by President <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Hoover" title="Herbert Hoover">Herbert Hoover</a> to provide United States-sponsored relief to Germans.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 1920s, the American Friends Service Committee branched out to more domestic work in the United States. The Interracial Section was formed to improve race relations and civil rights. AFSC advocated for more inclusive immigration laws and opposed <a href="/wiki/Racial_quota" title="Racial quota">racial quotas</a>. The organization also supported striking mine workers and helped unemployed individuals develop new skills, such as crafting furniture and other goods.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the 1930s and through <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, AFSC helped refugees escape <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a>, focusing on those who were not being assisted by other organizations, primarily <a href="/wiki/Jewish_secularism" title="Jewish secularism">non-religious Jews</a> and Jews married to non-Jews.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> AFSC also provided relief for children on both sides of the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Civil_War" title="Spanish Civil War">Spanish Civil War</a><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and supported refugees in <a href="/wiki/Vichy_France" title="Vichy France">Vichy France</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Simultaneously, AFSC operated several <a href="/wiki/Civilian_Public_Service" title="Civilian Public Service">Civilian Public Service</a> camps for a new generation of COs. When <a href="/wiki/Japanese_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese American">Japanese Americans</a> were forcibly relocated from the West Coast to inland concentration camps, AFSC led efforts to help college students transfer to schools in the Midwest and East Coast to avoid internment, and assisted Japanese Americans in resettling in various cities during and after the war.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following the war, AFSC engaged in relief and reconstruction work in <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, and <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>. </p><p>In 1947, AFSC worked to resettle refugees during the <a href="/wiki/Partition_of_India" title="Partition of India">partition of India</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Between 1937 and 1943, the organization built the <a href="/wiki/Penn-Craft_Historic_District" title="Penn-Craft Historic District">Penn-Craft community</a> for unemployed coal miners in <a href="/wiki/Fayette_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Fayette County, Pennsylvania">Fayette County, Pennsylvania</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-arch_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-arch-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Additionally in 1947, AFSC was awarded the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="Nobel Peace Prize">Nobel Peace Prize</a> in recognition of its war relief efforts.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shortly afterward, AFSC became one of the first <a href="/wiki/NGO" class="mw-redirect" title="NGO">non-governmental organizations</a> to be given <a href="/wiki/Consultative_Status" class="mw-redirect" title="Consultative Status">Consultative Status</a> at the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a>, leading to the establishment of the <a href="/wiki/Quaker_United_Nations_Office" title="Quaker United Nations Office">Quaker United Nations Office</a>. </p><p>On December 7, 1948, <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">UN</a> Secretary-General <a href="/wiki/Trygve_Lie" title="Trygve Lie">Trygve Lie</a> officially invited AFSC to participate in a one-year emergency relief program for <a href="/wiki/Palestinians" title="Palestinians">Palestinians</a> displaced by the creation of the state of <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>. The program had a budget of $32 million, with $16 million provided by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_of_America" class="mw-redirect" title="United States of America">US</a>. AFSC was given responsibility for the <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip" title="Gaza Strip">Gaza Strip</a>, while displaced persons in <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a> were allocated to the <a href="/wiki/International_Federation_of_Red_Cross_and_Red_Crescent_Societies" title="International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies">International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies</a> (IFRC) and those in the <a href="/wiki/West_Bank" title="West Bank">West Bank</a> and Israel came under the care of the <a href="/wiki/International_Committee_of_the_Red_Cross" title="International Committee of the Red Cross">International Committee of the Red Cross</a> (ICRC).<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip" title="Gaza Strip">Gaza Strip</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_Army" title="Egyptian Army">Egyptian Army</a> had established eight improvised refugee camps containing at least 200,000 people, mostly living in tents. Of these, 56% had come from <a href="/wiki/Gaza_District" title="Gaza District">Gaza District</a>, and 42% from <a href="/wiki/Lydda" class="mw-redirect" title="Lydda">Lydda District</a>. AFSC's responsibilities included food distribution, public health, and education. The program was managed by 50 volunteers, many from pacifist or CO backgrounds, and eventually employed over 1,000 Palestinians. One of the initial tasks was registering the refugees by their village of origin and establishing a rationing system, including a baby milk program. The goal was to provide each person with 2000 calories per day.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following this, AFSC established clinics for distributing medicines, conducted <a href="/wiki/Malaria" title="Malaria">malaria</a> control efforts, and organized water distribution. </p><p>By March 30, 1949, rudimentary schools had been established for 16,000 children.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, due to the absence of political progress on repatriation and limited resources, AFSC decided not to commit to a long-term aid program. In April 1950, they transferred their entire program to the newly created the <a href="/wiki/UNRWA" title="UNRWA">United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East</a> (UNRWA).<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a> intensified, AFSC continued its relief and service efforts, often supporting civilians on both sides of conflicts around the world, including the <a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Revolution_of_1956" title="Hungarian Revolution of 1956">Hungarian Revolution of 1956</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Algerian_War" title="Algerian War">Algerian War</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Nigerian-Biafran_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Nigerian-Biafran War">Nigerian-Biafran War</a>. </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam</a> War, AFSC collaborated with U.S. scholars of China to organize conferences that sought to raise awareness about the U.S.'s non-recognition of the People's Republic of China.<sup id="cite_ref-:Minami_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:Minami-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1966, AFSC developed programs to aid children and provided medical supplies and <a href="/wiki/Artificial_limb" class="mw-redirect" title="Artificial limb">artificial limbs</a> to civilians in both <a href="/wiki/North_Vietnam" title="North Vietnam">North</a> and <a href="/wiki/South_Vietnam" title="South Vietnam">South Vietnam</a>. When U.S. State Department approval to send medical supplies to North Vietnam was denied, the committee routed goods through <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>. AFSC also supported draft counseling for young American men throughout the conflict.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1955, AFSC published <i>Speak Truth to Power: A Quaker Search for an Alternative to Violence</i>, authored by a group including Stephen G. Cary, <a href="/wiki/A._J._Muste" title="A. J. Muste">A. J. Muste</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Pickus" title="Robert Pickus">Robert Pickus</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bayard_Rustin" title="Bayard Rustin">Bayard Rustin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Focused on the Cold War, the 71-page pamphlet aimed to demonstrate "the effectiveness of love in human relations"<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and became a significant statement of <a href="/wiki/Christian_pacifism" title="Christian pacifism">Christian pacifism</a>, receiving widespread commentary in both secular and religious press. </p><p>In the United States, AFSC supported the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_Rights_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="American Civil Rights Movement">American Civil Rights Movement</a> and advocated for the rights of <a href="/wiki/African-American" class="mw-redirect" title="African-American">African-Americans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Native Americans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mexican_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Mexican American">Mexican Americans</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Asian_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Asian American">Asian Americans</a>. Since the 1970s, AFSC has been heavily involved in the peace movement, particularly efforts to halt the production and deployment of nuclear weapons. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Budget">Budget</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Friends_Service_Committee&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Budget"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In fiscal year 2022, AFSC had revenues of US$40.9 million and expenses of US$37.8 million.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> AFSC had net assets of US$166 million.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Programs_and_projects">Programs and projects</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Friends_Service_Committee&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Programs and projects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Today AFSC programs address a wide range of issues, countries, and communities. AFSC describes the programs as united by "the unfaltering belief in the essential worth of every human being, non-violence as the way to resolve conflict, and the power of love to overcome oppression, discrimination, and violence".<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>AFSC employs more than 350 staff working in dozens of programs throughout the United States and works in thirteen other nations.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> AFSC has divided the organization's programs between eight geographic regions, each of which runs programs related to peace, <a href="/wiki/Immigrant_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Immigrant rights">immigrant rights</a>, <a href="/wiki/Restorative_justice" title="Restorative justice">restorative justice</a>, economic justice, and climate justice.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> AFSC's international programs often work in conjunction with <a href="/wiki/Quaker_Peace_and_Social_Witness" title="Quaker Peace and Social Witness">Quaker Peace and Social Witness</a> (formerly the British Friends Service Council) and other partners. </p><p>AFSC also provides administrative support to the <a href="/wiki/Quaker_United_Nations_Office" title="Quaker United Nations Office">Quaker United Nations Office</a> (QUNO) in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>. This office is the official voice of Quakerism in the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> headquarters. There is a second QUNO office in <a href="/wiki/Geneva,_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="Geneva, Switzerland">Geneva, Switzerland</a>; support for that office is provided by European Quakers. QUNO is overseen by the <a href="/wiki/Friends_World_Committee_for_Consultation" title="Friends World Committee for Consultation">Friends World Committee for Consultation</a>. </p><p>AFSC carries out many programs around the world. The organization's 2010 annual report<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> describes work in several African countries, Haiti, Indonesia, and the United States. Recently AFSC opened a traveling art exhibit called <i>Windows & Mirrors</i>, examining the impact of <a href="/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="War in Afghanistan (2001–present)">the war in Afghanistan</a> on civilians.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Eyes_Wide_Open_project">Eyes Wide Open project</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Friends_Service_Committee&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Eyes Wide Open project"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Eyes_Wide_Open_(exhibit)" title="Eyes Wide Open (exhibit)">Eyes Wide Open (exhibit)</a></div> <p>In 2004, AFSC started the project <i>Eyes Wide Open</i> in <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a>. <i>Eyes Wide Open</i> is an exhibition on the human cost of the wars in <a href="/wiki/Iraq_War_(2003%E2%80%9311)" class="mw-redirect" title="Iraq War (2003–11)">Iraq</a> and <a href="/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="War in Afghanistan (2001–present)">Afghanistan</a>. The exhibit featured boots in a military array representing US deaths in both Iraq and Afghanistan, and shoes representing Iraqi and Afghan civilians. It was exhibited in 48 states and the District of Columbia, drawing national coverage<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Current_strategic_focus">Current strategic focus</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Friends_Service_Committee&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Current strategic focus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The American Friends Service Committee's strategic plan for 2020-2030 lists three interconnected strategic goals.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ol><li>Just and Sustainable Peace - working for a future free of militarism and violence. Building conditions for peace, protecting civic space, and upholding human rights and dignity around the world. In the U.S., working to end reliance on criminalization and incarceration.</li> <li>Just Economies - supporting initiatives and advocacy for access to food, housing, health care, and education and challenging inequality and corporate abuse of human rights.</li> <li>Just Responses to Forced Displacement and Migration - offering legal services, training, human rights monitoring, and humanitarian relief and supporting migrant-led organizing and advocacy.</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Criticism">Criticism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Friends_Service_Committee&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Criticism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Throughout much of the group's history the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation" title="Federal Bureau of Investigation">US Federal Bureau of Investigation</a> and other government agencies have monitored the work of this and many other similar organizations.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOIA_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOIA-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-spying_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-spying-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since the 1970s, criticism has also come from liberals within the Society of Friends, who charge that AFSC has drifted from its Quaker roots and has become indistinguishable from other <a href="/wiki/Pressure_group" class="mw-redirect" title="Pressure group">political pressure groups</a>. Quakers expressed concern with AFSC's abolition of their youth work camps during the 1960s and what some saw as a decline of Quaker participation in the organization. </p><p>In June 1979, a cover article in <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Republic" title="The New Republic">The New Republic</a></i> attacked AFSC for abandoning the tradition of <a href="/wiki/Pacifism" title="Pacifism">pacifism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The criticisms became prominent after a gathering of <a href="/wiki/Friends_General_Conference" title="Friends General Conference">Friends General Conference</a> (FGC) in Richmond, Indiana, in the summer of 1979 when many Friends joined with prominent leaders, such as <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Boulding" class="mw-redirect" title="Kenneth Boulding">Kenneth Boulding</a>, to call for a firmer Quaker orientation toward public issues.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the FGC Gathering, a letter listing the points of criticism was signed by 130 Friends and sent to the AFSC Board. In 1988, the book <i>Peace and Revolution</i><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> by conservative scholar <a href="/wiki/Guenter_Lewy" title="Guenter Lewy">Guenter Lewy</a> repeated charges that AFSC had abandoned pacifism and religion.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In response to Lewy's book, <a href="/wiki/Chuck_Fager" title="Chuck Fager">Chuck Fager</a> published <i>Quaker Service at the Crossroads</i><sup id="cite_ref-:2_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in 1988.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2010, Fager described that AFSC was "divorced" from Quakers' life as a faith community due to "an increasingly pronounced drift toward a lefty <a href="/wiki/Secularism" title="Secularism">secularism</a>" since the 1970s.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_35-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was reported that the Committee in 1975 adopted "a formal decision to make the Middle East its major issue".<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some Jewish supporters of Israeli government policies have accused AFSC of having an <a href="/wiki/Anti-Jewish" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Jewish">anti-Jewish</a> bias.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1993, <a href="/wiki/Jacob_Neusner" title="Jacob Neusner">Jacob Neusner</a> called the Committee "the most militant and aggressive of Christian anti-Israel groups".<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The AFSC's position on its website is that it "supports the use of boycott and divestment campaigns targeting only companies that support the occupation, settlements, militarism, or any other violations of international humanitarian or human rights law. Our position does not call for a full boycott of Israel or of companies because they are either Israeli or doing business in Israel. Our actions also never focus on individuals."<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Friends_Service_Committee&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output 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Vichy France">Refugee workers in Vichy France</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Friends_Service_Committee&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.quakersintheworld.org/quakers-in-action/217/American-Friends-Service-Committee-AFSC">"American Friends Service Committee (AFSC)"</a>. <i>Quakers in the World</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Quakers+in+the+World&rft.atitle=American+Friends+Service+Committee+%28AFSC%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.quakersintheworld.org%2Fquakers-in-action%2F217%2FAmerican-Friends-Service-Committee-AFSC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Friends+Service+Committee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://afsc.org/sites/default/files/AFSC_Governance_groups_description_and_requirements.pdf">"AFSC Governance Groups: Description, skills, time and membership requirements"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>American Friends Service Committee website</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 November</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=American+Friends+Service+Committee+website&rft.atitle=AFSC+Governance+Groups%3A+Description%2C+skills%2C+time+and+membership+requirements&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fafsc.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2FAFSC_Governance_groups_description_and_requirements.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Friends+Service+Committee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160421051057/http://www.afsc.org/story/origin-american-friends-service-committee">"Origin of the American Friends Service Committee"</a>. 2010-03-29. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://afsc.org/story/origin-american-friends-service-committee">the original</a> on 2016-04-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-07-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Origin+of+the+American+Friends+Service+Committee&rft.date=2010-03-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fafsc.org%2Fstory%2Forigin-american-friends-service-committee&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Friends+Service+Committee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://afsc.org/story/origin-afsc">Origin of AFSC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101209200705/http://afsc.org/story/origin-afsc">Archived</a> 2010-12-09 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> by former AFSC Archivist Jack Sutters</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/1947/friends-committee-history.html">"American Friends Service Committee – History"</a>. <i>www.nobelprize.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-07-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.nobelprize.org&rft.atitle=American+Friends+Service+Committee+%E2%80%93+History&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobelprize.org%2Fnobel_prizes%2Fpeace%2Flaureates%2F1947%2Ffriends-committee-history.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Friends+Service+Committee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/1947/press.html">"The Nobel Peace Prize 1947 – Presentation Speech"</a>. <i>www.nobelprize.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-07-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.nobelprize.org&rft.atitle=The+Nobel+Peace+Prize+1947+%E2%80%93+Presentation+Speech&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobelprize.org%2Fnobel_prizes%2Fpeace%2Flaureates%2F1947%2Fpress.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Friends+Service+Committee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAFSC_staff2017" class="citation web cs1">AFSC staff (2017-05-18). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://afsc.org/news/love-action-brief-history-afscs-work-past-100-years">"Love in action: A brief history of AFSC's work in the past 100 years"</a>. <i>American Friends Service Committee</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-07-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=American+Friends+Service+Committee&rft.atitle=Love+in+action%3A+A+brief+history+of+AFSC%27s+work+in+the+past+100+years&rft.date=2017-05-18&rft.au=AFSC+staff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fafsc.org%2Fnews%2Flove-action-brief-history-afscs-work-past-100-years&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Friends+Service+Committee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/quakers">"Quakers"</a>. <i>encyclopedia.ushmm.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-08-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=encyclopedia.ushmm.org&rft.atitle=Quakers&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fencyclopedia.ushmm.org%2Fcontent%2Fen%2Farticle%2Fquakers&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Friends+Service+Committee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaul2016" class="citation journal cs1">Maul, Daniel (2016-01-02). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F13507486.2015.1121972">"The politics of neutrality: the American Friends Service Committee and the Spanish Civil War, 1936–1939"</a>. <i>European Review of History: Revue Européenne d'Histoire</i>. <b>23</b> (1–2): 82–100. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F13507486.2015.1121972">10.1080/13507486.2015.1121972</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1350-7486">1350-7486</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=European+Review+of+History%3A+Revue+Europ%C3%A9enne+d%27Histoire&rft.atitle=The+politics+of+neutrality%3A+the+American+Friends+Service+Committee+and+the+Spanish+Civil+War%2C+1936%E2%80%931939&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=1%E2%80%932&rft.pages=82-100&rft.date=2016-01-02&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F13507486.2015.1121972&rft.issn=1350-7486&rft.aulast=Maul&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1080%252F13507486.2015.1121972&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Friends+Service+Committee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dspace.udel.edu:8080/dspace/bitstream/handle/19716/5727/Hillary_Mohaupt_thesis.pdf"><i>All in the Same Boat: Non-French Women and Resistance in France, 1940–1944</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120316080753/http://dspace.udel.edu:8080/dspace/bitstream/handle/19716/5727/Hillary_Mohaupt_thesis.pdf">Archived</a> 2012-03-16 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Hillary Mohaupt, Spring 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Austin, Allan W. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://encyclopedia.densho.org/American%20Friends%20Service%20Committee/">"American Friends Service Committee"</a> <i>Densho Encyclopedia</i>. Accessed July 10, 2014.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1947/friends-committee/history/#:~:text=In%201947,%20the%20Committee%20helped,refugees%20on%20the%20Gaza%20Strip.">"The Nobel Peace Prize 1947"</a>. <i>NobelPrize.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-08-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NobelPrize.org&rft.atitle=The+Nobel+Peace+Prize+1947&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobelprize.org%2Fprizes%2Fpeace%2F1947%2Ffriends-committee%2Fhistory%2F%23%3A~%3Atext%3DIn%25201947%2C%2520the%2520Committee%2520helped%2Crefugees%2520on%2520the%2520Gaza%2520Strip.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Friends+Service+Committee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-arch-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-arch_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070721014609/https://www.dot7.state.pa.us/ce/SelectWelcome.asp">"National Historic Landmarks & National Register of Historic Places in Pennsylvania"</a>. CRGIS: Cultural Resources Geographic Information System. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dot7.state.pa.us/ce/SelectWelcome.asp">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(Searchable database)</span> on 2007-07-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-01-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=National+Historic+Landmarks+%26+National+Register+of+Historic+Places+in+Pennsylvania&rft.pub=CRGIS%3A+Cultural+Resources+Geographic+Information+System&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dot7.state.pa.us%2Fce%2FSelectWelcome.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Friends+Service+Committee" class="Z3988"></span> <i>Note:</i> This includes <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLouis_Orslene_and_Susan_Shearer1989" class="citation web cs1">Louis Orslene and Susan Shearer (February 1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140714155201/https://www.dot7.state.pa.us/ce_imagery/phmc_scans/H092343_01H.pdf">"National Register of Historic Places Inventory Nomination Form: Penn-Craft Historic District"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dot7.state.pa.us/ce_imagery/phmc_scans/H092343_01H.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2014-07-14<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-01-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=National+Register+of+Historic+Places+Inventory+Nomination+Form%3A+Penn-Craft+Historic+District&rft.date=1989-02&rft.au=Louis+Orslene+and+Susan+Shearer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dot7.state.pa.us%2Fce_imagery%2Fphmc_scans%2FH092343_01H.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Friends+Service+Committee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gallagher, Nancy (2007) ‘’Quakers in the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict: The Dilemmas of NGO Humanitarian Activism’’ The American University in Cairo Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/977-416-105-X" title="Special:BookSources/977-416-105-X">977-416-105-X</a> p. 51</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gallagher pp. 66, 68, 161</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gallagher p. 86</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gallagher p. 110</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:Minami-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:Minami_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMinami2024" class="citation book cs1">Minami, Kazushi (2024). <i>People's Diplomacy: How Americans and Chinese Transformed US-China Relations during the Cold War</i>. Ithaca, NY: <a href="/wiki/Cornell_University_Press" title="Cornell University Press">Cornell University Press</a>. p. 23. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781501774157" title="Special:BookSources/9781501774157"><bdi>9781501774157</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=People%27s+Diplomacy%3A+How+Americans+and+Chinese+Transformed+US-China+Relations+during+the+Cold+War&rft.place=Ithaca%2C+NY&rft.pages=23&rft.pub=Cornell+University+Press&rft.date=2024&rft.isbn=9781501774157&rft.aulast=Minami&rft.aufirst=Kazushi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Friends+Service+Committee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.masslive.com/news/index.ssf/2015/01/frances_crowe_to_read_from_her.html">"Frances Crowe to read from her memoir at First Churches in Northampton on Sunday"</a>. 3 January 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-07-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Frances+Crowe+to+read+from+her+memoir+at+First+Churches+in+Northampton+on+Sunday&rft.date=2015-01-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.masslive.com%2Fnews%2Findex.ssf%2F2015%2F01%2Ffrances_crowe_to_read_from_her.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Friends+Service+Committee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110218012012/http://www.lse.ac.uk/Depts/global/PDFs/Peaceconference/Chmielewski.DOC">"Wendy Chmielewski, "Speak Truth to Power: Religion, Race, and Sexuality, and Politics During the Cold War"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lse.ac.uk/Depts/global/PDFs/Peaceconference/Chmielewski.DOC">the original</a> on 2011-02-18<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-01-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Wendy+Chmielewski%2C+%22Speak+Truth+to+Power%3A+Religion%2C+Race%2C+and+Sexuality%2C+and+Politics+During+the+Cold+War%22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lse.ac.uk%2FDepts%2Fglobal%2FPDFs%2FPeaceconference%2FChmielewski.DOC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Friends+Service+Committee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.afsc.org/sites/afsc.civicactions.net/files/documents/Speak_Truth_to_Power.pdf">Speak truth to power: a Quaker search for an alternative for violence</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170830061147/https://www.afsc.org/sites/afsc.civicactions.net/files/documents/Speak_Truth_to_Power.pdf">Archived</a> 2017-08-30 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> from AFSC's archives</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://afsc.org/reports-financials">"Financial Information"</a>. Tait Weller. 2024-07-03.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Financial+Information&rft.pub=Tait+Weller&rft.date=2024-07-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fafsc.org%2Freports-financials&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Friends+Service+Committee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://afsc.org/sites/default/files/2024-02/3.2.2c-fy22-afsc-org-audit-final.pdf">"2022 Annual Audit of AFSC"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. American Friends Service Committee<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 3,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2022+Annual+Audit+of+AFSC&rft.pub=American+Friends+Service+Committee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fafsc.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2F2024-02%2F3.2.2c-fy22-afsc-org-audit-final.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Friends+Service+Committee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://afsc.org/our-work">AFSC's Our Work page</a>; afsc.org</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://afsc.org/where-we-work">AFSC's Where We Work page</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110709015139/http://www.afsc.org/where-we-work">Archived</a> 2011-07-09 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>; afsc.org</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://afsc.org/afsc-structure">AFSC's structure page</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110629103709/http://www.afsc.org/afsc-structure">Archived</a> 2011-06-29 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>; Afsc.org</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111001131320/http://afsc.org/document/building-peace-one-community-time-annual-report-2010">"Building Peace One Community at a Time: Annual Report 2010"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://afsc.org/document/building-peace-one-community-time-annual-report-2010">the original</a> on 2011-10-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-07-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Building+Peace+One+Community+at+a+Time%3A+Annual+Report+2010&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fafsc.org%2Fdocument%2Fbuilding-peace-one-community-time-annual-report-2010&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Friends+Service+Committee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://windowsandmirrors.org/about">The official Windows and Mirrors</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111209073233/http://www.windowsandmirrors.org/about">Archived</a> 2011-12-09 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> information page.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMehta2005" class="citation magazine cs1">Mehta, Shreema (21 October 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thenation.com/article/archive/empty-boots-ravished-hearts">"Empty Boots, Ravished Hearts"</a>. <i>The Nation</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-08-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Nation&rft.atitle=Empty+Boots%2C+Ravished+Hearts&rft.date=2005-10-21&rft.aulast=Mehta&rft.aufirst=Shreema&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thenation.com%2Farticle%2Farchive%2Fempty-boots-ravished-hearts&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Friends+Service+Committee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220628120309/https://www.afsc.org/campaign/eyes-wide-open">"Eyes Wide Open"</a>. 2010-03-19. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.afsc.org/campaign/eyes-wide-open">the original</a> on 2022-06-28<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-07-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Eyes+Wide+Open&rft.date=2010-03-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.afsc.org%2Fcampaign%2Feyes-wide-open&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Friends+Service+Committee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMADEO2022" class="citation web cs1">MADEO (2022-08-04). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://afsc.org/strategic-goals">"Strategic Goals"</a>. <i>American Friends Service Committee</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-07-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=American+Friends+Service+Committee&rft.atitle=Strategic+Goals&rft.date=2022-08-04&rft.au=MADEO&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fafsc.org%2Fstrategic-goals&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Friends+Service+Committee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110402215328/http://projects.washingtonpost.com/top-secret-america/articles/monitoring-america/1/">"Washington Post article, Monitoring America"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://projects.washingtonpost.com/top-secret-america/articles/monitoring-america/1/">the original</a> on 2011-04-02<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-04-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Washington+Post+article%2C+Monitoring+America&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fprojects.washingtonpost.com%2Ftop-secret-america%2Farticles%2Fmonitoring-america%2F1%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Friends+Service+Committee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOIA-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOIA_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Documents released under the freedom of information act are hosted on the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vault.fbi.gov/American%20Friends%20Service%20Committee">FBI's website</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20141205035644/http://vault.fbi.gov/American%20Friends%20Service%20Committee%20">Archived</a> 2014-12-05 at the <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a> Web Archives</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-spying-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-spying_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In recent years AFSC has worked with the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_Liberties_Union" title="American Civil Liberties Union">ACLU</a> on several efforts to end spying by <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aclu.org/privacy/spying/15186prs20021121.html">local police</a>, the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.progressive.org/mag_mcafsc">FBI</a>, the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.afsc.org/news/2005/government-spying.htm">Pentagon</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060426044040/http://www.afsc.org/news/2005/government-spying.htm">Archived</a> 2006-04-26 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> and the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://new.aclu-wa.org/detail.cfm?id=419">NSA</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060907123917/http://new.aclu-wa.org/detail.cfm?id=419">Archived</a> 2006-09-07 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> targeted at AFSC and other organizations.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_35-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_35-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_35-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://afriendlyletter.com/afsc-quakers-i-the-background-of-a-concern/">"AFSC & Quakers I: The Background of a Concern – A Friendly Letter"</a>. 2010-06-19<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-07-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=AFSC+%26+Quakers+I%3A+The+Background+of+a+Concern+%E2%80%93+A+Friendly+Letter&rft.date=2010-06-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fafriendlyletter.com%2Fafsc-quakers-i-the-background-of-a-concern%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Friends+Service+Committee" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged November 2024">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_36-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_36-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Chuck Fager, ed., Quaker Service at the Crossroads: American Friends, The American Friends Service Committee, and Peace and Revolution, Kimo Press, 1988.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLewy1988" class="citation book cs1">Lewy, Guenter (1988-01-01). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/peacerevolutionm0000lewy"><i>Peace & revolution: the moral crisis of American pacifism</i></a></span>. Grand Rapids, Mich.: W.B. Eerdmans Pub. Co. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0802836403" title="Special:BookSources/978-0802836403"><bdi>978-0802836403</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/17439651">17439651</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Peace+%26+revolution%3A+the+moral+crisis+of+American+pacifism&rft.place=Grand+Rapids%2C+Mich.&rft.pub=W.B.+Eerdmans+Pub.+Co.&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F17439651&rft.isbn=978-0802836403&rft.aulast=Lewy&rft.aufirst=Guenter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpeacerevolutionm0000lewy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Friends+Service+Committee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFager1988" class="citation web cs1">Fager, Chuck (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://afriendlyletter.com/files/Quaker%20Service%20At%20The%20Crossroads%20--%201988.pdf">"Quaker Service at the Crossroads"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-07-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Quaker+Service+at+the+Crossroads&rft.date=1988&rft.aulast=Fager&rft.aufirst=Chuck&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fafriendlyletter.com%2Ffiles%2FQuaker%2520Service%2520At%2520The%2520Crossroads%2520--%25201988.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Friends+Service+Committee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRomirowsky" class="citation web cs1">Romirowsky, Alexander Joffe and Asaf. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.romirowsky.com/18076/quakers-israel">"The Quakers, No Friends of Israel"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-07-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Quakers%2C+No+Friends+of+Israel&rft.aulast=Romirowsky&rft.aufirst=Alexander+Joffe+and+Asaf&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.romirowsky.com%2F18076%2Fquakers-israel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Friends+Service+Committee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRomirowsky2015" class="citation news cs1">Romirowsky, Alexander Joffe And Asaf (2015-11-06). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/the-quakers-no-friends-of-israel-1446768728">"The Quakers, No Friends of Israel"</a>. <i>Wall Street Journal</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0099-9660">0099-9660</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-07-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=The+Quakers%2C+No+Friends+of+Israel&rft.date=2015-11-06&rft.issn=0099-9660&rft.aulast=Romirowsky&rft.aufirst=Alexander+Joffe+And+Asaf&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2Fthe-quakers-no-friends-of-israel-1446768728&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Friends+Service+Committee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKirk1979" class="citation book cs1">Kirk, H. David (1979). <i>The Friendly Perversion: Quakers as Reconciliers: Good People and Dirty Work</i>. Americans for a Safe Israel.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Friendly+Perversion%3A+Quakers+as+Reconciliers%3A+Good+People+and+Dirty+Work&rft.pub=Americans+for+a+Safe+Israel&rft.date=1979&rft.aulast=Kirk&rft.aufirst=H.+David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Friends+Service+Committee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNeusner1993" class="citation book cs1">Neusner, Jacob (1993). <i>In the aftermath of the Holocaust</i>. Garland. p. 17.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=In+the+aftermath+of+the+Holocaust&rft.pages=17&rft.pub=Garland&rft.date=1993&rft.aulast=Neusner&rft.aufirst=Jacob&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Friends+Service+Committee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAllison_Kaplan_Sommer2018" class="citation news cs1">Allison Kaplan Sommer (January 8, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/u-s-quaker-group-that-won-nobel-on-israels-bds-blacklist-1.5729790">"How a U.S. Quaker Group That Won the Nobel Peace Prize Ended Up on Israel's BDS Blacklist"</a>. <i>Haaretz</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=How+a+U.S.+Quaker+Group+That+Won+the+Nobel+Peace+Prize+Ended+Up+on+Israel%27s+BDS+Blacklist&rft.date=2018-01-08&rft.au=Allison+Kaplan+Sommer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fisrael-news%2Fu-s-quaker-group-that-won-nobel-on-israels-bds-blacklist-1.5729790&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Friends+Service+Committee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Friends_Service_Committee&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAustin2012" class="citation book cs1">Austin, Allan W. (2012). <i>Quaker Brotherhood: Interracial Activism and the American Friends Service Committee, 1917–1950</i>. Urbana, IL: <a href="/wiki/University_of_Illinois_Press" title="University of Illinois Press">University of Illinois Press</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Quaker+Brotherhood%3A+Interracial+Activism+and+the+American+Friends+Service+Committee%2C+1917%E2%80%931950&rft.place=Urbana%2C+IL&rft.pub=University+of+Illinois+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=Austin&rft.aufirst=Allan+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Friends+Service+Committee" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarnes2016" class="citation book cs1">Barnes, Gregory A. (2016). <i>A Centennial History of the American Friends Service Committee</i>. Philadelphia: FriendsPress.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Centennial+History+of+the+American+Friends+Service+Committee&rft.place=Philadelphia&rft.pub=FriendsPress&rft.date=2016&rft.aulast=Barnes&rft.aufirst=Gregory+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Friends+Service+Committee" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIngle1998" class="citation journal cs1">Ingle, H. Larry (January 1998). "The American Friends Service Committee, 1947–49: The Cold War's Effect". <i><a href="/wiki/Peace_%26_Change" title="Peace & Change">Peace & Change</a></i>. <b>23</b>: 27–48. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2F0149-0508.691998035">10.1111/0149-0508.691998035</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Peace+%26+Change&rft.atitle=The+American+Friends+Service+Committee%2C+1947%E2%80%9349%3A+The+Cold+War%27s+Effect&rft.volume=23&rft.pages=27-48&rft.date=1998-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2F0149-0508.691998035&rft.aulast=Ingle&rft.aufirst=H.+Larry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Friends+Service+Committee" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJones1937" class="citation book cs1">Jones, Mary Hoxie (1937). <i>Swords into ploughshares: an account of the American Friends Service Committee, 1917–1937</i>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Macmillan_Publishers_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Macmillan Publishers (United States)">Macmillan</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Swords+into+ploughshares%3A+an+account+of+the+American+Friends+Service+Committee%2C+1917%E2%80%931937&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Macmillan&rft.date=1937&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Mary+Hoxie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Friends+Service+Committee" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Archives">Archives</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Friends_Service_Committee&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Archives"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archiveswest.orbiscascade.org/ark:80444/xv00358">Tyree Scott Papers.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150920053655/http://digital.lib.washington.edu/findingaids/view?docId=ScottTyree5245.xml">Archived</a> 2015-09-20 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> 1970–1995. 73 cubic feet (73 boxes). Contains records from Scott's service with the American Friends Service Committee, Pacific Northwest Regional Offices in the late 1970s. At the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lib.washington.edu/specialcollections/laws">Labor Archives of Washington, University of Washington Libraries Special Collections.</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archiveswest.orbiscascade.org/ark:80444/xv41391">Records of the American Friends Service Committee, Midwest Branch, Advisory Committee for Evacuees.</a> 1942–1963. 10 linear ft. (25 boxes).</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archiveswest.orbiscascade.org/ark:80444/xv99872">Emery E. Andrews Papers.</a> 1925–1969. 2.93 cubic ft. Collection materials are in English and Japanese. At the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lib.washington.edu/specialcoll/">University of Washington Libraries Special Collections</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/c82r3z47/">American Friends Service Committee Collection.</a> 1942–1947. .4 linear feet (1 box). Contains materials the American Friends Service Committee produced and collected pertaining to their activities and the experience of Japanese Americans during and after World War II. At the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.janm.org">Japanese American National Museum</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Friends_Service_Committee&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 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href="/wiki/%C3%89lie_Ducommun" title="Élie Ducommun">Élie Ducommun</a> / <a href="/wiki/Charles_Albert_Gobat" title="Charles Albert Gobat">Charles Gobat</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1903: <a href="/wiki/Randal_Cremer" title="Randal Cremer">Randal Cremer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1904: <a href="/wiki/Institut_de_Droit_International" title="Institut de Droit International">Institut de Droit International</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1905: <a href="/wiki/Bertha_von_Suttner" title="Bertha von Suttner">Bertha von Suttner</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1906: <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Theodore Roosevelt">Theodore Roosevelt</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1907: <a href="/wiki/Ernesto_Teodoro_Moneta" title="Ernesto Teodoro Moneta">Ernesto Moneta</a> / <a href="/wiki/Louis_Renault_(jurist)" title="Louis Renault (jurist)">Louis Renault</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1908: <a href="/wiki/Klas_Pontus_Arnoldson" title="Klas Pontus Arnoldson">Klas Arnoldson</a> / <a href="/wiki/Fredrik_Bajer" title="Fredrik Bajer">Fredrik Bajer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1909: <a href="/wiki/Auguste_Beernaert" title="Auguste Beernaert">A. M. F. Beernaert</a> / <a href="/wiki/Paul_Henri_Balluet_d%27Estournelles_de_Constant" title="Paul Henri Balluet d'Estournelles de Constant">Paul Estournelles de Constant</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1910: <a href="/wiki/International_Peace_Bureau" title="International Peace Bureau">International Peace Bureau</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1911: <a href="/wiki/Tobias_Asser" title="Tobias Asser">Tobias Asser</a> / <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Hermann_Fried" title="Alfred Hermann Fried">Alfred Fried</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1912: <a href="/wiki/Elihu_Root" title="Elihu Root">Elihu Root</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1913: <a href="/wiki/Henri_La_Fontaine" title="Henri La Fontaine">Henri La Fontaine</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#757575">1914</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#757575">1915</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#757575">1916</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1917: <a href="/wiki/International_Committee_of_the_Red_Cross" title="International Committee of the Red Cross">International Committee of the Red Cross</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#757575">1918</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1919: <a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson" title="Woodrow Wilson">Woodrow Wilson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1920: <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Bourgeois" title="Léon Bourgeois">Léon Bourgeois</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1921: <a href="/wiki/Hjalmar_Branting" title="Hjalmar Branting">Hjalmar Branting</a> / <a href="/wiki/Christian_Lous_Lange" title="Christian Lous Lange">Christian Lange</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1922: <a href="/wiki/Fridtjof_Nansen" title="Fridtjof Nansen">Fridtjof Nansen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#757575">1923</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#757575">1924</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1925: <a href="/wiki/Austen_Chamberlain" title="Austen Chamberlain">Austen Chamberlain</a> / <a href="/wiki/Charles_G._Dawes" title="Charles G. Dawes">Charles Dawes</a></span></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/80px-Nobel_Prize.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/120px-Nobel_Prize.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/160px-Nobel_Prize.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="492" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1926–1950</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">1926: <a href="/wiki/Aristide_Briand" title="Aristide Briand">Aristide Briand</a> / <a href="/wiki/Gustav_Stresemann" title="Gustav Stresemann">Gustav Stresemann</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1927: <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Buisson" title="Ferdinand Buisson">Ferdinand Buisson</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Quidde" title="Ludwig Quidde">Ludwig Quidde</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#757575">1928</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1929: <a href="/wiki/Frank_B._Kellogg" title="Frank B. Kellogg">Frank B. Kellogg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1930: <a href="/wiki/Nathan_S%C3%B6derblom" title="Nathan Söderblom">Nathan Söderblom</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1931: <a href="/wiki/Jane_Addams" title="Jane Addams">Jane Addams</a> / <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Murray_Butler" title="Nicholas Murray Butler">Nicholas Butler</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#757575">1932</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1933: <a href="/wiki/Norman_Angell" title="Norman Angell">Norman Angell</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1934: <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Henderson" title="Arthur Henderson">Arthur Henderson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1935: <a href="/wiki/Carl_von_Ossietzky" title="Carl von Ossietzky">Carl von Ossietzky</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1936: <a href="/wiki/Carlos_Saavedra_Lamas" title="Carlos Saavedra Lamas">Carlos Saavedra Lamas</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1937: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Cecil,_1st_Viscount_Cecil_of_Chelwood" title="Robert Cecil, 1st Viscount Cecil of Chelwood">Robert Cecil</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1938: <a href="/wiki/Nansen_International_Office_for_Refugees" title="Nansen International Office for Refugees">Nansen International Office for Refugees</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#757575">1939</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#757575">1940</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#757575">1941</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#757575">1942</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#757575">1943</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1944: <a href="/wiki/International_Committee_of_the_Red_Cross" title="International Committee of the Red Cross">International Committee of the Red Cross</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1945: <a href="/wiki/Cordell_Hull" title="Cordell Hull">Cordell Hull</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1946: <a href="/wiki/Emily_Greene_Balch" title="Emily Greene Balch">Emily Balch</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Mott" title="John Mott">John Mott</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1947: <a href="/wiki/Quaker_Peace_and_Social_Witness" title="Quaker Peace and Social Witness">Friends Service Council</a> / <a class="mw-selflink selflink">American Friends Service Committee</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#757575">1948</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1949: <a href="/wiki/John_Boyd_Orr" title="John Boyd Orr">John Boyd Orr</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1950: <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Bunche" title="Ralph Bunche">Ralph Bunche</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1951–1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">1951: <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Jouhaux" title="Léon Jouhaux">Léon Jouhaux</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1952: <a href="/wiki/Albert_Schweitzer" title="Albert Schweitzer">Albert Schweitzer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1953: <a href="/wiki/George_C._Marshall" title="George C. Marshall">George C. Marshall</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1954: <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Refugees" title="United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees">United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#757575">1955</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#757575">1956</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1957: <a href="/wiki/Lester_B._Pearson" title="Lester B. Pearson">Lester B. Pearson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1958: <a href="/wiki/Dominique_Pire" title="Dominique Pire">Georges Pire</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1959: <a href="/wiki/Philip_Noel-Baker" title="Philip Noel-Baker">Philip Noel-Baker</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1960: <a href="/wiki/Albert_Luthuli" title="Albert Luthuli">Albert Luthuli</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1961: <a href="/wiki/Dag_Hammarskj%C3%B6ld" title="Dag Hammarskjöld">Dag Hammarskjöld</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1962: <a href="/wiki/Linus_Pauling" title="Linus Pauling">Linus Pauling</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1963: <a href="/wiki/International_Committee_of_the_Red_Cross" title="International Committee of the Red Cross">International Committee of the Red Cross</a> / <a href="/wiki/International_Federation_of_Red_Cross_and_Red_Crescent_Societies" title="International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies">League of Red Cross Societies</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1964_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="1964 Nobel Peace Prize">1964</a>: <a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr." title="Martin Luther King Jr.">Martin Luther King Jr.</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1965_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="1965 Nobel Peace Prize">1965</a>: <a href="/wiki/UNICEF" title="UNICEF">UNICEF</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#757575"><a href="/wiki/1966_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="1966 Nobel Peace Prize">1966</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#757575"><a href="/wiki/1967_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="1967 Nobel Peace Prize">1967</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1968_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="1968 Nobel Peace Prize">1968</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Cassin" title="René Cassin">René Cassin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1969_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="1969 Nobel Peace Prize">1969</a>: <a href="/wiki/International_Labour_Organization" title="International Labour Organization">International Labour Organization</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1970_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="1970 Nobel Peace Prize">1970</a>: <a href="/wiki/Norman_Borlaug" title="Norman Borlaug">Norman Borlaug</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1971_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="1971 Nobel Peace Prize">1971</a>: <a href="/wiki/Willy_Brandt" title="Willy Brandt">Willy Brandt</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#757575">1972</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1973_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="1973 Nobel Peace Prize">1973</a>: <i><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AA_%C4%90%E1%BB%A9c_Th%E1%BB%8D" title="Lê Đức Thọ">Lê Đức Thọ</a> (declined award)</i> / <a href="/wiki/Henry_Kissinger" title="Henry Kissinger">Henry Kissinger</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1974: <a href="/wiki/Se%C3%A1n_MacBride" title="Seán MacBride">Seán MacBride</a> / <a href="/wiki/Eisaku_Sat%C5%8D" title="Eisaku Satō">Eisaku Satō</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1975: <a href="/wiki/Andrei_Sakharov" title="Andrei Sakharov">Andrei Sakharov</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">1976: <a href="/wiki/Betty_Williams" title="Betty Williams">Betty Williams</a> / <a href="/wiki/Mairead_Maguire" title="Mairead Maguire">Mairead Corrigan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1977: <a href="/wiki/Amnesty_International" title="Amnesty International">Amnesty International</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1978: <a href="/wiki/Anwar_Sadat" title="Anwar Sadat">Anwar Sadat</a> / <a href="/wiki/Menachem_Begin" title="Menachem Begin">Menachem Begin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1979: <a href="/wiki/Mother_Teresa" title="Mother Teresa">Mother Teresa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1980: <a href="/wiki/Adolfo_P%C3%A9rez_Esquivel" title="Adolfo Pérez Esquivel">Adolfo Pérez Esquivel</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1981: <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Refugees" title="United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees">United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1982: <a href="/wiki/Alva_Myrdal" title="Alva Myrdal">Alva Myrdal</a> / <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_Garc%C3%ADa_Robles" title="Alfonso García Robles">Alfonso García Robles</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1983: <a href="/wiki/Lech_Wa%C5%82%C4%99sa" title="Lech Wałęsa">Lech Wałęsa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1984: <a href="/wiki/Desmond_Tutu" title="Desmond Tutu">Desmond Tutu</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1985: <a href="/wiki/International_Physicians_for_the_Prevention_of_Nuclear_War" title="International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War">International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1986: <a href="/wiki/Elie_Wiesel" title="Elie Wiesel">Elie Wiesel</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1987: <a href="/wiki/%C3%93scar_Arias" title="Óscar Arias">Óscar Arias</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1988: <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_peacekeeping" title="United Nations peacekeeping">UN Peacekeeping Forces</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1989: <a href="/wiki/14th_Dalai_Lama" title="14th Dalai Lama">Tenzin Gyatso (14th Dalai Lama)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1990: <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Gorbachev" title="Mikhail Gorbachev">Mikhail Gorbachev</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1991: <a href="/wiki/Aung_San_Suu_Kyi" title="Aung San Suu Kyi">Aung San Suu Kyi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1992: <a href="/wiki/Rigoberta_Mench%C3%BA" title="Rigoberta Menchú">Rigoberta Menchú</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1993: <a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela" title="Nelson Mandela">Nelson Mandela</a> / <a href="/wiki/F._W._de_Klerk" title="F. W. de Klerk">F. W. de Klerk</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1994: <a href="/wiki/Shimon_Peres" title="Shimon Peres">Shimon Peres</a> / <a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Rabin" title="Yitzhak Rabin">Yitzhak Rabin</a> / <a href="/wiki/Yasser_Arafat" title="Yasser Arafat">Yasser Arafat</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1995: <a href="/wiki/Pugwash_Conferences_on_Science_and_World_Affairs" title="Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs">Pugwash Conferences</a> / <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Rotblat" title="Joseph Rotblat">Joseph Rotblat</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1996: <a href="/wiki/Carlos_Filipe_Ximenes_Belo" title="Carlos Filipe Ximenes Belo">Carlos Belo</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Ramos-Horta" title="José Ramos-Horta">José Ramos-Horta</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1997: <a href="/wiki/International_Campaign_to_Ban_Landmines" title="International Campaign to Ban Landmines">International Campaign to Ban Landmines</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jody_Williams" title="Jody Williams">Jody Williams</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1998: <a href="/wiki/John_Hume" title="John Hume">John Hume</a> / <a href="/wiki/David_Trimble" title="David Trimble">David Trimble</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1999: <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9decins_Sans_Fronti%C3%A8res" title="Médecins Sans Frontières">Médecins Sans Frontières</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2000: <a href="/wiki/Kim_Dae-jung" title="Kim Dae-jung">Kim Dae-jung</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2001_Nobel_Peace_Prize" class="mw-redirect" title="2001 Nobel Peace Prize">2001</a>: <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kofi_Annan" title="Kofi Annan">Kofi Annan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2002_Nobel_Peace_Prize" class="mw-redirect" title="2002 Nobel Peace Prize">2002</a>: <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Jimmy Carter</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2003_Nobel_Peace_Prize" class="mw-redirect" title="2003 Nobel Peace Prize">2003</a>: <a href="/wiki/Shirin_Ebadi" title="Shirin Ebadi">Shirin Ebadi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2004_Nobel_Peace_Prize" class="mw-redirect" title="2004 Nobel Peace Prize">2004</a>: <a href="/wiki/Wangari_Maathai" class="mw-redirect" title="Wangari Maathai">Wangari Maathai</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2005_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2005 Nobel Peace Prize">2005</a>: <a href="/wiki/International_Atomic_Energy_Agency" title="International Atomic Energy Agency">International Atomic Energy Agency</a> / <a href="/wiki/Mohamed_ElBaradei" title="Mohamed ElBaradei">Mohamed ElBaradei</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2006_Nobel_Peace_Prize" class="mw-redirect" title="2006 Nobel Peace Prize">2006</a>: <a href="/wiki/Grameen_Bank" title="Grameen Bank">Grameen Bank</a> / <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Yunus" title="Muhammad Yunus">Muhammad Yunus</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2007_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2007 Nobel Peace Prize">2007</a>: <a href="/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Al Gore</a> / <a href="/wiki/Intergovernmental_Panel_on_Climate_Change" title="Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change">Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2008_Nobel_Peace_Prize" class="mw-redirect" title="2008 Nobel Peace Prize">2008</a>: <a href="/wiki/Martti_Ahtisaari" title="Martti Ahtisaari">Martti Ahtisaari</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2009_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2009 Nobel Peace Prize">2009</a>: <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2010_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2010 Nobel Peace Prize">2010</a>: <a href="/wiki/Liu_Xiaobo" title="Liu Xiaobo">Liu Xiaobo</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2011_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2011 Nobel Peace Prize">2011</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ellen_Johnson_Sirleaf" title="Ellen Johnson Sirleaf">Ellen Johnson Sirleaf</a> / <a href="/wiki/Leymah_Gbowee" title="Leymah Gbowee">Leymah Gbowee</a> / <a href="/wiki/Tawakkol_Karman" title="Tawakkol Karman">Tawakkol Karman</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2012_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2012 Nobel Peace Prize">2012</a>: <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2013_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2013 Nobel Peace Prize">2013</a>: <a href="/wiki/Organisation_for_the_Prohibition_of_Chemical_Weapons" title="Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons">Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2014_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2014 Nobel Peace Prize">2014</a>: <a href="/wiki/Kailash_Satyarthi" title="Kailash Satyarthi">Kailash Satyarthi</a> / <a href="/wiki/Malala_Yousafzai" title="Malala Yousafzai">Malala Yousafzai</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2015_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2015 Nobel Peace Prize">2015</a>: <a href="/wiki/Tunisian_National_Dialogue_Quartet" title="Tunisian National Dialogue Quartet">Tunisian National Dialogue Quartet</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2016_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2016 Nobel Peace Prize">2016</a>: <a href="/wiki/Juan_Manuel_Santos" title="Juan Manuel Santos">Juan Manuel Santos</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2017_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2017 Nobel Peace Prize">2017</a>: <a href="/wiki/International_Campaign_to_Abolish_Nuclear_Weapons" title="International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons">International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2018_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2018 Nobel Peace Prize">2018</a>: <a href="/wiki/Denis_Mukwege" title="Denis Mukwege">Denis Mukwege</a> / <a href="/wiki/Nadia_Murad" title="Nadia Murad">Nadia Murad</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2019_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2019 Nobel Peace Prize">2019</a>: <a href="/wiki/Abiy_Ahmed" title="Abiy Ahmed">Abiy Ahmed</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2020_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2020 Nobel Peace Prize">2020</a>: <a href="/wiki/World_Food_Programme" title="World Food Programme">World Food Programme</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2021_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2021 Nobel Peace Prize">2021</a>: <a href="/wiki/Maria_Ressa" title="Maria Ressa">Maria Ressa</a> / <a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Muratov" title="Dmitry Muratov">Dmitry Muratov</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2022_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2022 Nobel Peace Prize">2022</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ales_Bialiatski" title="Ales Bialiatski">Ales Bialiatski</a> / <a href="/wiki/Memorial_(society)" title="Memorial (society)">Memorial</a> / <a href="/wiki/Center_for_Civil_Liberties_(human_rights_organization)" title="Center for Civil Liberties (human rights organization)">Center for Civil Liberties</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2023_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2023 Nobel Peace Prize">2023</a>: <a href="/wiki/Narges_Mohammadi" title="Narges Mohammadi">Narges Mohammadi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2024_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2024 Nobel Peace Prize">2024</a>: <a href="/wiki/Nihon_Hidankyo" title="Nihon Hidankyo">Nihon Hidankyo</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:1947_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Special:EditPage/Template:1947 Nobel Prize winners"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="1947_Nobel_Prize_laureates" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">1947 <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize" title="Nobel Prize">Nobel Prize</a> laureates</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" title="Nobel Prize in Chemistry">Chemistry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Robinson_(chemist)" title="Robert Robinson (chemist)">Robert Robinson</a> (Great Britain)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="Nobel Prize in Literature">Literature</a> (<a href="/wiki/1947_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1947 Nobel Prize in Literature">1947</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Gide" title="André Gide">André Gide</a> (France)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="Nobel Peace Prize">Peace</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quaker_Peace_and_Social_Witness" title="Quaker Peace and Social Witness">Friends Service Council</a> (Great Britain)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">American Friends Service Committee</a> (United States)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physics" title="Nobel Prize in Physics">Physics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Victor_Appleton" title="Edward Victor Appleton">Edward Victor Appleton</a> (Great Britain)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine" title="Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine">Physiology or Medicine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Ferdinand_Cori" title="Carl Ferdinand Cori">Carl Ferdinand Cori</a> (United States)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerty_Cori" title="Gerty Cori">Gerty Cori</a> (United States)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernardo_Houssay" title="Bernardo Houssay">Bernardo Houssay</a> (Argentina)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nobel_laureates" title="List of Nobel laureates">Nobel Prize recipients</a></span></dt> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:1942_Nobel_Prize_winners&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:1942 Nobel Prize winners (page does not exist)">1942</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1943_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1943 Nobel Prize winners">1943</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1944_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1944 Nobel Prize winners">1944</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1945_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1945 Nobel Prize winners">1945</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1946_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1946 Nobel Prize winners">1946</a></dd> <dd><b>1947 </b></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1948_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1948 Nobel Prize winners">1948</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1949_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1949 Nobel Prize winners">1949</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1950_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1950 Nobel Prize winners">1950</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1951_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1951 Nobel Prize winners">1951</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1952_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1952 Nobel Prize winners">1952</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Quakers" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Quakers" title="Template:Quakers"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Quakers" title="Template talk:Quakers"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Quakers" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Quakers"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Quakers" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Quakers" title="Quakers">Quakers</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Quakers" title="List of Quakers">Individuals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Allen_(English_Quaker)" title="William Allen (English Quaker)">William Allen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_B._Anthony" title="Susan B. Anthony">Susan B. Anthony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Barclay" title="Robert Barclay">Robert Barclay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Benezet" title="Anthony Benezet">Anthony Benezet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_E._Boulding" title="Kenneth E. Boulding">Kenneth E. Boulding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Brinton" title="Howard Brinton">Howard Brinton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Cadbury" title="John Cadbury">John Cadbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levi_Coffin" title="Levi Coffin">Levi Coffin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Conway_(philosopher)" title="Anne Conway (philosopher)">Anne Conway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susanna_Corder" title="Susanna Corder">Susanna Corder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Dean" title="James Dean">James Dean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judi_Dench" title="Judi Dench">Judi Dench</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joshua_Evans_(Quaker_minister)" title="Joshua Evans (Quaker minister)">Joshua Evans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Fell" title="Margaret Fell">Margaret Fell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Fox" title="George Fox">George Fox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Fry" title="Elizabeth Fry">Elizabeth Fry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_John_Gurney" title="Joseph John Gurney">Joseph John Gurney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Harrison" title="Ruth Harrison">Ruth Harrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Heath" title="Carl Heath">Carl Heath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Hicks" title="Edward Hicks">Edward Hicks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elias_Hicks" title="Elias Hicks">Elias Hicks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Hodgkin" title="Henry Hodgkin">Henry Hodgkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Hoover" title="Herbert Hoover">Herbert Hoover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rufus_Jones_(writer)" title="Rufus Jones (writer)">Rufus Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Raymond_Kelly_(Quaker_mystic)" title="Thomas Raymond Kelly (Quaker mystic)">Thomas R. Kelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zephaniah_Kingsley" title="Zephaniah Kingsley">Zephaniah Kingsley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Lay" title="Benjamin Lay">Benjamin Lay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dave_Matthews" title="Dave Matthews">Dave Matthews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucretia_Mott" title="Lucretia Mott">Lucretia Mott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Nayler" title="James Nayler">James Nayler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parker_Palmer" title="Parker Palmer">Parker Palmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Paul" title="Alice Paul">Alice Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Penn" title="William Penn">William Penn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Pleasants" title="Robert Pleasants">Robert Pleasants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betsy_Ross" title="Betsy Ross">Betsy Ross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayard_Rustin" title="Bayard Rustin">Bayard Rustin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Coffin_Starbuck" title="Mary Coffin Starbuck">Mary Coffin Starbuck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jessamyn_West_(writer)" title="Jessamyn West (writer)">Jessamyn West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Greenleaf_Whittier" title="John Greenleaf Whittier">John Greenleaf Whittier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Wilbur_(Quaker_minister)" title="John Wilbur (Quaker minister)">John Wilbur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jon_Wynne-Tyson" title="Jon Wynne-Tyson">Jon Wynne-Tyson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Woolman" title="John Woolman">John Woolman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yearly_Meeting" title="Yearly Meeting">Yearly Meeting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monthly_meeting" title="Monthly meeting">Monthly Meeting</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">American Friends Service Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Quaker_Action_Group" title="A Quaker Action Group">A Quaker Action Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Britain_Yearly_Meeting" title="Britain Yearly Meeting">Britain Yearly Meeting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Yearly_Meeting_of_Friends" title="Central Yearly Meeting of Friends">Central Yearly Meeting of Friends</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Friends" title="Conservative Friends">Conservative Friends</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Friends_Church_International" title="Evangelical Friends Church International">Evangelical Friends Church International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friends_Committee_on_National_Legislation" title="Friends Committee on National Legislation">Friends Committee on National Legislation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friends_General_Conference" title="Friends General Conference">Friends General Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friends_United_Meeting" title="Friends United Meeting">Friends United Meeting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friends_World_Committee_for_Consultation" title="Friends World Committee for Consultation">Friends World Committee for Consultation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nontheist_Quakers" title="Nontheist Quakers">Nontheist Quakers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quaker_Council_for_European_Affairs" title="Quaker Council for European Affairs">Quaker Council for European Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quaker_Peace_and_Social_Witness" title="Quaker Peace and Social Witness">Quaker Peace and Social Witness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quaker_United_Nations_Office" title="Quaker United Nations Office">Quaker United Nations Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quakerism_in_Sichuan" title="Quakerism in Sichuan">Szechwan Yearly Meeting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Gathering_of_Young_Friends" title="World Gathering of Young Friends">World Gathering of Young Friends</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Testimonies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Testimony_of_peace" title="Testimony of peace">Peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Testimony_of_equality" title="Testimony of equality">Equality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Testimony_of_integrity" title="Testimony of integrity">Integrity ("Truth")</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Testimony_of_Simplicity" class="mw-redirect" title="Testimony of Simplicity">Simplicity</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By region</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quakers_in_North_America" title="Quakers in North America">North America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quakers_in_Latin_America" title="Quakers in Latin America">Latin America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quakers_in_Europe" title="Quakers in Europe">Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quakers_in_Africa" title="Quakers in Africa">Africa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Quaker_businesses,_organizations_and_charities" title="List of Quaker businesses, organizations and charities">Businesses, organizations and charities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quakers_in_science" title="Quakers in science">Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clerk_(Quaker)" title="Clerk (Quaker)">Clerk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quaker_decision-making" class="mw-redirect" title="Quaker decision-making">Decision Making</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Discipline_(Quaker)" title="Book of Discipline (Quaker)"><i>Faith and Practice</i> or <i>Book of Discipline</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Quakers" title="History of the Quakers">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Experiment" title="Holy Experiment">Holy Experiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homosexuality_and_Quakerism" title="Homosexuality and Quakerism">Homosexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inward_light" title="Inward light">Inward light</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friends_meeting_house" title="Friends meeting house">Meeting houses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_perfection#Quaker_teaching" title="Christian perfection">Perfectionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Query_(Quaker)" title="Query (Quaker)">Query</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Friends_schools" title="List of Friends schools">Schools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quaker_Tapestry" title="Quaker Tapestry">Tapestry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quaker_wedding" title="Quaker wedding">Wedding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quaker_views_on_women" title="Quaker views on women">Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_American_Friends_Service_Committee_Nobel_nominees" title="List of American Friends Service Committee Nobel nominees">ASFC Nobel nominees</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q464677#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q464677#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q464677#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/2022016-9">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79066082">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11732214v">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11732214v">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/01118291">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35004936">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="American Friends Service Committee"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=kn20110427005&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90217669">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9811987750205606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007257761805171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA01069432?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/786443">Trove</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/082996229">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6mp8vd2">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=American_Friends_Service_Committee&oldid=1258768338">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=American_Friends_Service_Committee&oldid=1258768338</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Quaker_charities" title="Category:Quaker charities">Quaker charities</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Quaker_organizations_based_in_the_United_States" title="Category:Quaker organizations based in the United States">Quaker organizations based in the United States</a></li><li><a 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