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Всемирная история. Древний Рим. Эпоха великих завоеваний. Харьков: КСД, 2021. 430 с.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Древний Рим — могучее античное государство, стоявшее у истоков европейской цивилизации и заложившее ее основы. В книге повествуется о становлении римского могущества — Пунических войнах, победа в которых вывела Римскую республику на... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_45186061" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Древний Рим — могучее античное государство, стоявшее у истоков европейской цивилизации и заложившее ее основы. В книге повествуется о становлении римского могущества — Пунических войнах, победа в которых вывела Римскую республику на позицию ведущей античной державы Средиземноморья и позволила выйти за его пределы. Гибель могущественного Карфагена подвела итог великим римским завоеваниям предыдущей эпохи и знаменовала открытие нового этапа экспансии, в ходе которого калиги римских легионеров мерною поступью прошли по землям от Испании, Галлии и Британии на западе до Египта, Малой Азии и Месопотамии на востоке.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/45186061" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f7a9bfac67a0fb9e7a597f664b49f6e9" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":65773069,"asset_id":45186061,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/65773069/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2MzMxMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1138237" href="https://kharkov-ua.academia.edu/AndriyDomanovsky">Andriy Domanovsky</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1138237" type="text/json">{"id":1138237,"first_name":"Andriy","last_name":"Domanovsky","domain_name":"kharkov-ua","page_name":"AndriyDomanovsky","display_name":"Andriy Domanovsky","profile_url":"https://kharkov-ua.academia.edu/AndriyDomanovsky?f_ri=433740","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1138237/406564/1062277/s65_andriy.domanovsky.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_45186061 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="45186061"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 45186061, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_45186061", }); 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Prove per un ritratto", Archeologia Viva, 200 (Mar-Apr) 2020, pp. 46-57 [ISSN 0392-9426]</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/43115862" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="44cd8be9dd76059a16b0d44369a7cf29" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":63371377,"asset_id":43115862,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/63371377/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2MzMxMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="12322305" href="https://na.academia.edu/UmbertoPappalardo">Umberto Pappalardo</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="12322305" type="text/json">{"id":12322305,"first_name":"Umberto","last_name":"Pappalardo","domain_name":"na","page_name":"UmbertoPappalardo","display_name":"Umberto Pappalardo","profile_url":"https://na.academia.edu/UmbertoPappalardo?f_ri=433740","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/12322305/6234862/7062186/s65_umberto.pappalardo.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-43115862">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-43115862"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/MhamedFantar">Mhamed Fantar</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-43115862'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-43115862').html(); 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Joan Camps, 6, Sant Martí de Maldà [2019]</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/39690656" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="19d8191d137ce5ca4f6531952cbfb824" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":59860193,"asset_id":39690656,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/59860193/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2MzMxMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2815397" href="https://ub.academia.edu/IgnasiGarcesEstallo">Ignasi Garcés Estallo</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2815397" type="text/json">{"id":2815397,"first_name":"Ignasi","last_name":"Garcés Estallo","domain_name":"ub","page_name":"IgnasiGarcesEstallo","display_name":"Ignasi Garcés Estallo","profile_url":"https://ub.academia.edu/IgnasiGarcesEstallo?f_ri=433740","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2815397/2775006/20008930/s65_ignasi.garc_s_estallo.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_39690656 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="39690656"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 39690656, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_39690656", }); 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Joan Camps, 6, Sant Martí de Maldà [2019]","created_at":"2019-06-25T05:14:18.135-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/39690656/Pr%C3%B2leg_del_llibre_TORRES_Miquel_Assaig_sobre_el_pas_dHann%C3%ADbal_per_Catalunya_i_la_m%C3%ADtica_ciutat_dAtanagrum_218_aC_col_lecci%C3%B3_Mn_Joan_Camps_6_Sant_Mart%C3%AD_de_Mald%C3%A0_2019_?f_ri=433740","dom_id":"work_39690656","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":59860193,"asset_id":39690656,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2815397,"first_name":"Ignasi","last_name":"Garcés Estallo","domain_name":"ub","page_name":"IgnasiGarcesEstallo","display_name":"Ignasi Garcés Estallo","profile_url":"https://ub.academia.edu/IgnasiGarcesEstallo?f_ri=433740","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2815397/2775006/20008930/s65_ignasi.garc_s_estallo.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":71960,"name":"Hispania","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hispania?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false},{"id":78977,"name":"Second Punic War","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Second_Punic_War?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false},{"id":222152,"name":"Punic coinage of south Spain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Punic_coinage_of_south_Spain?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false},{"id":420182,"name":"ELS IBERS","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ELS_IBERS?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false},{"id":433740,"name":"The Punic Wars (Hannibal and Hamilcar)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Punic_Wars_Hannibal_and_Hamilcar_?f_ri=433740"},{"id":673338,"name":"Iberos","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iberos?f_ri=433740"},{"id":786076,"name":"Hannibal Barca","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hannibal_Barca?f_ri=433740"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_13877543" data-work_id="13877543" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13877543/Conflict_in_the_Historical_Sources_for_Hannibal_Polybius_Versus_Livy">Conflict in the Historical Sources for Hannibal: Polybius Versus Livy</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Hannibal's most famous achievement is his crossing of the Alps. Two major historical sources exist for this event, Polybius and Livy. However, reconstruction of the crossing, and indeed any topic concerning the history of the Punic Wars... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_13877543" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Hannibal's most famous achievement is his crossing of the Alps. Two major historical sources exist for this event, Polybius and Livy. However, reconstruction of the crossing, and indeed any topic concerning the history of the Punic Wars itself, is contentious, due to the discrepancies and contradictions between the available sources. This paper examines significant conflicts between the accounts of Polybius and Pliny.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/13877543" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9c76071419e26112664773aeaad223aa" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":38149654,"asset_id":13877543,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/38149654/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2MzMxMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="331751" href="https://monash.academia.edu/JonathanBurke">Jonathan Burke</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="331751" type="text/json">{"id":331751,"first_name":"Jonathan","last_name":"Burke","domain_name":"monash","page_name":"JonathanBurke","display_name":"Jonathan Burke","profile_url":"https://monash.academia.edu/JonathanBurke?f_ri=433740","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/331751/92364/155737289/s65_jonathan.burke.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_13877543 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="13877543"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 13877543, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_13877543", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=13877543]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_13877543").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_13877543").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="13877543"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="130" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_History">Ancient History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="130" type="text/json">{"id":130,"name":"Ancient History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_History?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="845" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Historiography">Roman Historiography</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="845" type="text/json">{"id":845,"name":"Roman Historiography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Historiography?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10551" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Historiography">Ancient Historiography</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10551" type="text/json">{"id":10551,"name":"Ancient Historiography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Historiography?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="14734" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polybius">Polybius</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="14734" type="text/json">{"id":14734,"name":"Polybius","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polybius?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=13877543]'), work: {"id":13877543,"title":"Conflict in the Historical Sources for Hannibal: Polybius Versus Livy","created_at":"2015-07-10T04:03:35.424-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/13877543/Conflict_in_the_Historical_Sources_for_Hannibal_Polybius_Versus_Livy?f_ri=433740","dom_id":"work_13877543","summary":"Hannibal's most famous achievement is his crossing of the Alps. Two major historical sources exist for this event, Polybius and Livy. However, reconstruction of the crossing, and indeed any topic concerning the history of the Punic Wars itself, is contentious, due to the discrepancies and contradictions between the available sources. This paper examines significant conflicts between the accounts of Polybius and Pliny.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":38149654,"asset_id":13877543,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":331751,"first_name":"Jonathan","last_name":"Burke","domain_name":"monash","page_name":"JonathanBurke","display_name":"Jonathan Burke","profile_url":"https://monash.academia.edu/JonathanBurke?f_ri=433740","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/331751/92364/155737289/s65_jonathan.burke.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":130,"name":"Ancient History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_History?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false},{"id":845,"name":"Roman Historiography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Historiography?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false},{"id":10551,"name":"Ancient Historiography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Historiography?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false},{"id":14734,"name":"Polybius","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polybius?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false},{"id":22879,"name":"Ancient Greek Historiography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Greek_Historiography?f_ri=433740"},{"id":69792,"name":"Ancient Rome","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Rome?f_ri=433740"},{"id":78976,"name":"Punic Wars","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Punic_Wars?f_ri=433740"},{"id":95242,"name":"Livy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Livy?f_ri=433740"},{"id":433740,"name":"The Punic Wars (Hannibal and Hamilcar)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Punic_Wars_Hannibal_and_Hamilcar_?f_ri=433740"},{"id":545659,"name":"Roman historians","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_historians?f_ri=433740"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_44464108" data-work_id="44464108" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/44464108/_Surmonter_Trasim%C3%A8ne_217_av_J_C_ou_la_religion_au_secours_de_la_R%C3%A9publique_dans_N_Belayche_S_Estienne_%C3%A9d_Religion_et_pouvoir_dans_le_monde_romain_de_la_deuxi%C3%A8me_guerre_punique_aux_S%C3%A9v%C3%A8res_PUR_Rennes_2020">« Surmonter Trasimène (217 av. J.-C.) ou la religion au secours de la République », dans N. Belayche, S. Estienne (éd.), « Religion et pouvoir dans le monde romain de la deuxième guerre punique aux Sévères », PUR, Rennes, 2020.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">En 217, l’année du désastre de Trasimène, la paix avec les dieux est rompue, comme en témoignent les terrifiants prodiges observés en de nombreux territoires. Pour la rétablir, les autorités romaines déploient un impressionnant et... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_44464108" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">En 217, l’année du désastre de Trasimène, la paix avec les dieux est rompue, comme en témoignent les terrifiants prodiges observés en de nombreux territoires. Pour la rétablir, les autorités romaines déploient un impressionnant et méthodique arsenal rituel où la somptuosité des offrandes et des cérémonies se double d’une méticulosité extrême dans leur exécution. À cette hantise rituelle s’agrège un souci communautaire accru, une volonté exacerbée d’associer dans les procurations tous les organes institutionnels, toutes les strates sociales et même les divinités les plus nombreuses afin de les contraindre à leur porter secours. Les Romains ont su trouver dans l’expression rituelle le plus sûr remède pour surmonter cet événement traumatique majeur.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/44464108" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="274ae0dcb9eebc5a9c635ded397f6bc9" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":64890675,"asset_id":44464108,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/64890675/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2MzMxMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="55214336" href="https://univ-paris1.academia.edu/JeanClaudeLacam">Jean-Claude Lacam</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="55214336" type="text/json">{"id":55214336,"first_name":"Jean-Claude","last_name":"Lacam","domain_name":"univ-paris1","page_name":"JeanClaudeLacam","display_name":"Jean-Claude Lacam","profile_url":"https://univ-paris1.academia.edu/JeanClaudeLacam?f_ri=433740","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/55214336/15566609/16155776/s65_jean-claude.lacam.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_44464108 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="44464108"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 44464108, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_44464108", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44464108]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_44464108").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_44464108").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="44464108"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5327" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Religion">Roman Religion</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5327" type="text/json">{"id":5327,"name":"Roman Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Religion?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="433740" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Punic_Wars_Hannibal_and_Hamilcar_">The Punic Wars (Hannibal and Hamilcar)</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="433740" type="text/json">{"id":433740,"name":"The Punic Wars (Hannibal and Hamilcar)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Punic_Wars_Hannibal_and_Hamilcar_?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=44464108]'), work: {"id":44464108,"title":"« Surmonter Trasimène (217 av. J.-C.) ou la religion au secours de la République », dans N. Belayche, S. Estienne (éd.), « Religion et pouvoir dans le monde romain de la deuxième guerre punique aux Sévères », PUR, Rennes, 2020.","created_at":"2020-11-09T12:48:15.300-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/44464108/_Surmonter_Trasim%C3%A8ne_217_av_J_C_ou_la_religion_au_secours_de_la_R%C3%A9publique_dans_N_Belayche_S_Estienne_%C3%A9d_Religion_et_pouvoir_dans_le_monde_romain_de_la_deuxi%C3%A8me_guerre_punique_aux_S%C3%A9v%C3%A8res_PUR_Rennes_2020?f_ri=433740","dom_id":"work_44464108","summary":"\tEn 217, l’année du désastre de Trasimène, la paix avec les dieux est rompue, comme en témoignent les terrifiants prodiges observés en de nombreux territoires. Pour la rétablir, les autorités romaines déploient un impressionnant et méthodique arsenal rituel où la somptuosité des offrandes et des cérémonies se double d’une méticulosité extrême dans leur exécution. À cette hantise rituelle s’agrège un souci communautaire accru, une volonté exacerbée d’associer dans les procurations tous les organes institutionnels, toutes les strates sociales et même les divinités les plus nombreuses afin de les contraindre à leur porter secours. Les Romains ont su trouver dans l’expression rituelle le plus sûr remède pour surmonter cet événement traumatique majeur.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":64890675,"asset_id":44464108,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":55214336,"first_name":"Jean-Claude","last_name":"Lacam","domain_name":"univ-paris1","page_name":"JeanClaudeLacam","display_name":"Jean-Claude Lacam","profile_url":"https://univ-paris1.academia.edu/JeanClaudeLacam?f_ri=433740","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/55214336/15566609/16155776/s65_jean-claude.lacam.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":5327,"name":"Roman Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Religion?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false},{"id":433740,"name":"The Punic Wars (Hannibal and Hamilcar)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Punic_Wars_Hannibal_and_Hamilcar_?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_19826217" data-work_id="19826217" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/19826217/Der_Ebrovertrag_und_die_Verantwortlichkeit_f%C3%BCr_den_2_Punischen_Krieg_Gymnasium_122_2015_435_456">Der Ebrovertrag und die Verantwortlichkeit für den 2. Punischen Krieg, Gymnasium 122, 2015, 435-456.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Der Beitrag versucht, die komplizierte Situation in der Phase vor Hannibals Marsch nach Italien aufzuhellen und zu überprüfen, inwiefern Anhaltspunkte für eine Verantwortlichkeit auf römischer oder karthagischer Seite für den... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_19826217" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Der Beitrag versucht, die komplizierte Situation in der Phase vor Hannibals Marsch nach Italien aufzuhellen und zu überprüfen, inwiefern Anhaltspunkte für eine Verantwortlichkeit auf römischer oder karthagischer Seite für den Kriegsausbruch erkennbar sind. Von den antiken Berichten zum Ebrovertrag ist allein derjenige des Polybios als vertrauenswürdig einzustufen. Die Vereinbarung hat demzufolge lediglich Hasdrubals militärischen Spielraum eingeengt, nicht denjenigen Roms und nicht (mehr) denjenigen Hannibals. Aus diesem und anderen Gründen konnte nicht von einem Vertragsbruch die Rede sein. Da das Verhältnis zu Sagunt am ehesten einer formlosen amicitia entsprach, gab auch Hannibals Angriff Rom nicht das Recht, Karthago den Krieg zu erklären. Die spätere römische Geschichtsschreibung verfälschte entscheidende Details, um die Verantwortlichkeit für die militärische Auseinandersetzung von Rom auf Karthago abzuwälzen.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/19826217" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c9e1d400be9f7d0e1be69882f6e43946" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":40965654,"asset_id":19826217,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/40965654/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2MzMxMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2566997" href="https://uni-leipzig1.academia.edu/Kre%C5%A1imirMatijevi%C4%87">Krešimir Matijević</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2566997" type="text/json">{"id":2566997,"first_name":"Krešimir","last_name":"Matijević","domain_name":"uni-leipzig1","page_name":"KrešimirMatijević","display_name":"Krešimir Matijević","profile_url":"https://uni-leipzig1.academia.edu/Kre%C5%A1imirMatijevi%C4%87?f_ri=433740","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2566997/820433/20902516/s65_kre_imir.matijevi_.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_19826217 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="19826217"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 19826217, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_19826217", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=19826217]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_19826217").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_19826217").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="19826217"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3872" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/War_Studies">War Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3872" type="text/json">{"id":3872,"name":"War Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/War_Studies?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="78976" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Punic_Wars">Punic Wars</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="78976" type="text/json">{"id":78976,"name":"Punic Wars","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Punic_Wars?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="78977" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Second_Punic_War">Second Punic War</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="78977" type="text/json">{"id":78977,"name":"Second Punic War","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Second_Punic_War?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="251265" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hannibalic_war._Publicani._Roman_army._Roman_Spain._Roman_censors">Hannibalic war. Publicani. Roman army. Roman Spain. Roman censors.</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="251265" type="text/json">{"id":251265,"name":"Hannibalic war. Publicani. Roman army. Roman Spain. Roman censors.","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hannibalic_war._Publicani._Roman_army._Roman_Spain._Roman_censors?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=19826217]'), work: {"id":19826217,"title":"Der Ebrovertrag und die Verantwortlichkeit für den 2. Punischen Krieg, Gymnasium 122, 2015, 435-456.","created_at":"2015-12-25T05:08:13.344-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/19826217/Der_Ebrovertrag_und_die_Verantwortlichkeit_f%C3%BCr_den_2_Punischen_Krieg_Gymnasium_122_2015_435_456?f_ri=433740","dom_id":"work_19826217","summary":"Der Beitrag versucht, die komplizierte Situation in der Phase vor Hannibals Marsch nach Italien aufzuhellen und zu überprüfen, inwiefern Anhaltspunkte für eine Verantwortlichkeit auf römischer oder karthagischer Seite für den Kriegsausbruch erkennbar sind. Von den antiken Berichten zum Ebrovertrag ist allein derjenige des Polybios als vertrauenswürdig einzustufen. Die Vereinbarung hat demzufolge lediglich Hasdrubals militärischen Spielraum eingeengt, nicht denjenigen Roms und nicht (mehr) denjenigen Hannibals. Aus diesem und anderen Gründen konnte nicht von einem Vertragsbruch die Rede sein. Da das Verhältnis zu Sagunt am ehesten einer formlosen amicitia entsprach, gab auch Hannibals Angriff Rom nicht das Recht, Karthago den Krieg zu erklären. Die spätere römische Geschichtsschreibung verfälschte entscheidende Details, um die Verantwortlichkeit für die militärische Auseinandersetzung von Rom auf Karthago abzuwälzen.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":40965654,"asset_id":19826217,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2566997,"first_name":"Krešimir","last_name":"Matijević","domain_name":"uni-leipzig1","page_name":"KrešimirMatijević","display_name":"Krešimir Matijević","profile_url":"https://uni-leipzig1.academia.edu/Kre%C5%A1imirMatijevi%C4%87?f_ri=433740","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2566997/820433/20902516/s65_kre_imir.matijevi_.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3872,"name":"War Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/War_Studies?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false},{"id":78976,"name":"Punic Wars","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Punic_Wars?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false},{"id":78977,"name":"Second Punic War","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Second_Punic_War?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false},{"id":251265,"name":"Hannibalic war. 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Roman censors.","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hannibalic_war._Publicani._Roman_army._Roman_Spain._Roman_censors?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false},{"id":433740,"name":"The Punic Wars (Hannibal and Hamilcar)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Punic_Wars_Hannibal_and_Hamilcar_?f_ri=433740"},{"id":666656,"name":"Ebro River","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ebro_River?f_ri=433740"},{"id":672509,"name":"Hannibalic war","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hannibalic_war?f_ri=433740"},{"id":786076,"name":"Hannibal Barca","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hannibal_Barca?f_ri=433740"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_17344894" data-work_id="17344894" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/17344894/Carthage_after_201_BC">Carthage after 201 BC</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Protected by Rome, Carthage regained much prosperity under a relatively open political system, while the grasping Masinissa of Numidia was thwarted repeatedly from annexing Punic territory. But Rome's attitude changed after 167, to his... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_17344894" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Protected by Rome, Carthage regained much prosperity under a relatively open political system, while the grasping Masinissa of Numidia was thwarted repeatedly from annexing Punic territory. But Rome's attitude changed after 167, to his advantage.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/17344894" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8701559f4131277c7a93ae208a3af20c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":39456914,"asset_id":17344894,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/39456914/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2MzMxMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2710236" href="https://independent.academia.edu/DexterHoyos">Dexter Hoyos</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2710236" type="text/json">{"id":2710236,"first_name":"Dexter","last_name":"Hoyos","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"DexterHoyos","display_name":"Dexter Hoyos","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/DexterHoyos?f_ri=433740","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_17344894 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="17344894"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 17344894, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_17344894", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=17344894]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_17344894").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_17344894").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="17344894"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">14</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8531" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Republic">Roman Republic</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8531" type="text/json">{"id":8531,"name":"Roman Republic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Republic?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="14734" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polybius">Polybius</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="14734" type="text/json">{"id":14734,"name":"Polybius","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polybius?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="50554" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carthage_History_">Carthage (History)</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="50554" type="text/json">{"id":50554,"name":"Carthage (History)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carthage_History_?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="50663" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_imperialism">Roman imperialism</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="50663" type="text/json">{"id":50663,"name":"Roman imperialism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_imperialism?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=17344894]'), work: {"id":17344894,"title":"Carthage after 201 BC","created_at":"2015-10-27T05:46:08.446-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/17344894/Carthage_after_201_BC?f_ri=433740","dom_id":"work_17344894","summary":"Protected by Rome, Carthage regained much prosperity under a relatively open political system, while the grasping Masinissa of Numidia was thwarted repeatedly from annexing Punic territory. But Rome's attitude changed after 167, to his advantage.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":39456914,"asset_id":17344894,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2710236,"first_name":"Dexter","last_name":"Hoyos","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"DexterHoyos","display_name":"Dexter Hoyos","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/DexterHoyos?f_ri=433740","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":8531,"name":"Roman Republic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Republic?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false},{"id":14734,"name":"Polybius","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polybius?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false},{"id":50554,"name":"Carthage (History)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carthage_History_?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false},{"id":50663,"name":"Roman imperialism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_imperialism?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false},{"id":78976,"name":"Punic 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class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">1961 - Camps G., Aux origines de la Berbérie : Massinissa ou les débuts de l’Histoire, Alger, Imprimerie officielle, 320 p.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/35305818" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ca2d03ca4d195421817fa7c8af935094" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":55166140,"asset_id":35305818,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button 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href="https://www.academia.edu/11569680/Aspetti_e_temi_della_propaganda_antiromana_di_Mitridate_VI_Eupatore_in_RCCM_2009_373_401">Aspetti e temi della propaganda antiromana di Mitridate VI Eupatore, in RCCM 2009, 373-401</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/11569680" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b71c57961dd7926a8130bdf266f1d02d" rel="nofollow" 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(ed.), Fragor Hannibalis. Aníbal en Hispania. Madrid, Comunidad de Madrid y Museo Arqueológico Regional, 2013</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Reseña de «Bendala Galán, M. (ed.), Fragor Hannibalis. Aníbal en Hispania. Madrid, Comunidad de Madrid y Museo Arqueológico Regional, 2013», Studia Historica. Historia Antigua, 32, 2014, pp. 315-319</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/22743165" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="934040342b952c8d43b8288b0109b050" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":43307626,"asset_id":22743165,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/43307626/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2MzMxMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="5357822" href="https://usal.academia.edu/EnriqueHern%C3%A1ndezPrieto">Enrique Hernández Prieto</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="5357822" type="text/json">{"id":5357822,"first_name":"Enrique","last_name":"Hernández Prieto","domain_name":"usal","page_name":"EnriqueHernándezPrieto","display_name":"Enrique Hernández Prieto","profile_url":"https://usal.academia.edu/EnriqueHern%C3%A1ndezPrieto?f_ri=433740","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5357822/10107370/11277164/s65_enrique.hern_ndez_prieto.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_22743165 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="22743165"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 22743165, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_22743165", }); 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Bu tez yazımın giriş kısmında Roma ve Kartaca Devletlerinin kuruluş... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_50746955" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Buradaki içeriği "Pön Savaşları ve Hannibal" adlı çalışmamı konuya ilgisi olan tarih severlerin ve tarih bölümü öğrencilerinin okuyup incelemesi için paylaşmaktayım.<br />  Bu tez yazımın giriş kısmında Roma ve Kartaca Devletlerinin kuruluş ve I. Pön Savaşı'na kadar olan gelişimlerini, kültür vb. konularıyla ele aldım. Ardından ana konum olan Hannibal'in ilk yıllarını ve savaşa kadar olan hayatını aktardım. Pön Savaşları (I. Pön, II. Pön ve III. Pön) hakkında savaşın başlangıcı, gelişmesi, gerçekleşmesi ve sonuçlarını da kağıda döktüm. Umuyorum sizi bilgilendirebilmişimdir.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/50746955" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d5b9d255330d054a39e2b375299f5349" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":68619926,"asset_id":50746955,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/68619926/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2MzMxMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="62331164" href="https://deu.academia.edu/OnurKaplan">Onur Kaplan</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="62331164" type="text/json">{"id":62331164,"first_name":"Onur","last_name":"Kaplan","domain_name":"deu","page_name":"OnurKaplan","display_name":"Onur Kaplan","profile_url":"https://deu.academia.edu/OnurKaplan?f_ri=433740","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/62331164/16171596/158993382/s65_onur.kaplan.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_50746955 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="50746955"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 50746955, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_50746955", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=50746955]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_50746955").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_50746955").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="50746955"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="829" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_History">Roman History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="829" type="text/json">{"id":829,"name":"Roman History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_History?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="21653" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Republican_Rome">Republican Rome</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="21653" type="text/json">{"id":21653,"name":"Republican Rome","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Republican_Rome?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="50554" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carthage_History_">Carthage (History)</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="50554" type="text/json">{"id":50554,"name":"Carthage (History)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carthage_History_?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="63862" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tarih">Tarih</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="63862" type="text/json">{"id":63862,"name":"Tarih","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tarih?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=50746955]'), work: {"id":50746955,"title":"Pön Savaşları ve Hannibal - Onur Kaplan","created_at":"2021-08-05T05:29:17.839-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/50746955/P%C3%B6n_Sava%C5%9Flar%C4%B1_ve_Hannibal_Onur_Kaplan?f_ri=433740","dom_id":"work_50746955","summary":" Buradaki içeriği \"Pön Savaşları ve Hannibal\" adlı çalışmamı konuya ilgisi olan tarih severlerin ve tarih bölümü öğrencilerinin okuyup incelemesi için paylaşmaktayım.\n Bu tez yazımın giriş kısmında Roma ve Kartaca Devletlerinin kuruluş ve I. Pön Savaşı'na kadar olan gelişimlerini, kültür vb. konularıyla ele aldım. Ardından ana konum olan Hannibal'in ilk yıllarını ve savaşa kadar olan hayatını aktardım. Pön Savaşları (I. Pön, II. Pön ve III. Pön) hakkında savaşın başlangıcı, gelişmesi, gerçekleşmesi ve sonuçlarını da kağıda döktüm. Umuyorum sizi bilgilendirebilmişimdir.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":68619926,"asset_id":50746955,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":62331164,"first_name":"Onur","last_name":"Kaplan","domain_name":"deu","page_name":"OnurKaplan","display_name":"Onur Kaplan","profile_url":"https://deu.academia.edu/OnurKaplan?f_ri=433740","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/62331164/16171596/158993382/s65_onur.kaplan.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":829,"name":"Roman History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_History?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false},{"id":21653,"name":"Republican Rome","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Republican_Rome?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false},{"id":50554,"name":"Carthage (History)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carthage_History_?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false},{"id":63862,"name":"Tarih","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tarih?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false},{"id":433740,"name":"The Punic Wars (Hannibal and Hamilcar)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Punic_Wars_Hannibal_and_Hamilcar_?f_ri=433740"},{"id":786076,"name":"Hannibal Barca","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hannibal_Barca?f_ri=433740"},{"id":2474317,"name":"Manisa Celal Bayar Üniversitesi","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Manisa_Celal_Bayar_%C3%9Cniversitesi?f_ri=433740"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_32196593" data-work_id="32196593" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/32196593/Hannibal_le_mensonge_de_Zama">Hannibal, le mensonge de Zama</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Dans son livre "Hannibal Barca", Abdelaziz Belkhodja nous présente une nouvelle biographie d'Hannibal, complètement dépoussiérée de la propagande pro-romaine. Il nous rappelle que la principale version des faits qui nous soit parvenue est... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_32196593" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Dans son livre "Hannibal Barca", Abdelaziz Belkhodja nous présente une nouvelle biographie d'Hannibal, complètement dépoussiérée de la propagande pro-romaine. Il nous rappelle que la principale version des faits qui nous soit parvenue est celle de l'historien Polybe, qui était au service de l'Emilien, destructeur de Carthage et petit-fils de Scipion l'Africain, et qui a travesti l'Histoire pour le prestige de la famille et l'intérêt de l'Etat. Il nous révèle entre autre que la fin de la guerre ne s'est pas passée comme les historiens pro-romains nous l'ont transmise. Selon Abdelaziz Belkhodja, Hannibal n'a jamais perdu à Zama, et ses arguments, particulièrement solides, sont couronnés par des preuves archéologiques. Si sa version est corroborée par les scientifiques, il s'agira d'un véritable séisme historique dont Hannibal sera le grand bénéficiaire. Nous vous présentons en avant-première une version journalistique du chapitre concernant la fin de la seconde Guerre punique. Nous sommes en 203 avant J.C., les sénateurs Carthaginois-sans en référer à Hannibal, qui est toujours en Italie-ont signé un armistice avec Scipion. Conformément à l'armistice, Hannibal doit rentrer en Afrique et Scipion doit repartir en Italie. Mais voici que l'histoire rapportée par l'historiographie romaine se complique de façon très étrange... (Note : pour éviter toute confusion entre Scipion l'Africain (le «vainqueur» d'Hannibal) et Scipion Emilien (son petit-fils adoptif) qui a détruit Carthage un demi-siècle plus tard, nous nommerons le second «l'Emilien».)</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/32196593" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b3b3b5b8f11b66c5b414a6b947f1444f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":52428441,"asset_id":32196593,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/52428441/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2MzMxMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="62433288" href="https://independent.academia.edu/apolloniaeditions">Abdelaziz Belkhodja</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="62433288" type="text/json">{"id":62433288,"first_name":"Abdelaziz","last_name":"Belkhodja","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"apolloniaeditions","display_name":"Abdelaziz Belkhodja","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/apolloniaeditions?f_ri=433740","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/62433288/16195233/16626396/s65_abdelaziz.belkhodja.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_32196593 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="32196593"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 32196593, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_32196593", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=32196593]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_32196593").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_32196593").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="32196593"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">11</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="130" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_History">Ancient History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="130" type="text/json">{"id":130,"name":"Ancient History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_History?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="579" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Strategy_Military_Science_">Strategy (Military Science)</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="579" type="text/json">{"id":579,"name":"Strategy (Military Science)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Strategy_Military_Science_?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="580" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tactics_Military_Science_">Tactics (Military Science)</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="580" type="text/json">{"id":580,"name":"Tactics (Military Science)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tactics_Military_Science_?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6285" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Federalism">Federalism</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="6285" type="text/json">{"id":6285,"name":"Federalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Federalism?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=32196593]'), work: {"id":32196593,"title":"Hannibal, le mensonge de Zama","created_at":"2017-04-02T02:08:11.770-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/32196593/Hannibal_le_mensonge_de_Zama?f_ri=433740","dom_id":"work_32196593","summary":"Dans son livre \"Hannibal Barca\", Abdelaziz Belkhodja nous présente une nouvelle biographie d'Hannibal, complètement dépoussiérée de la propagande pro-romaine. Il nous rappelle que la principale version des faits qui nous soit parvenue est celle de l'historien Polybe, qui était au service de l'Emilien, destructeur de Carthage et petit-fils de Scipion l'Africain, et qui a travesti l'Histoire pour le prestige de la famille et l'intérêt de l'Etat. Il nous révèle entre autre que la fin de la guerre ne s'est pas passée comme les historiens pro-romains nous l'ont transmise. Selon Abdelaziz Belkhodja, Hannibal n'a jamais perdu à Zama, et ses arguments, particulièrement solides, sont couronnés par des preuves archéologiques. Si sa version est corroborée par les scientifiques, il s'agira d'un véritable séisme historique dont Hannibal sera le grand bénéficiaire. Nous vous présentons en avant-première une version journalistique du chapitre concernant la fin de la seconde Guerre punique. Nous sommes en 203 avant J.C., les sénateurs Carthaginois-sans en référer à Hannibal, qui est toujours en Italie-ont signé un armistice avec Scipion. Conformément à l'armistice, Hannibal doit rentrer en Afrique et Scipion doit repartir en Italie. Mais voici que l'histoire rapportée par l'historiographie romaine se complique de façon très étrange... (Note : pour éviter toute confusion entre Scipion l'Africain (le «vainqueur» d'Hannibal) et Scipion Emilien (son petit-fils adoptif) qui a détruit Carthage un demi-siècle plus tard, nous nommerons le second «l'Emilien».)","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":52428441,"asset_id":32196593,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":62433288,"first_name":"Abdelaziz","last_name":"Belkhodja","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"apolloniaeditions","display_name":"Abdelaziz Belkhodja","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/apolloniaeditions?f_ri=433740","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/62433288/16195233/16626396/s65_abdelaziz.belkhodja.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":130,"name":"Ancient History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_History?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false},{"id":579,"name":"Strategy (Military Science)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Strategy_Military_Science_?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false},{"id":580,"name":"Tactics (Military Science)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tactics_Military_Science_?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false},{"id":6285,"name":"Federalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Federalism?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false},{"id":19489,"name":"History Of Propaganda","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_Of_Propaganda?f_ri=433740"},{"id":50663,"name":"Roman imperialism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_imperialism?f_ri=433740"},{"id":277472,"name":"Désinformation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Desinformation?f_ri=433740"},{"id":288128,"name":"War Propaganda","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/War_Propaganda?f_ri=433740"},{"id":433740,"name":"The Punic Wars (Hannibal and Hamilcar)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Punic_Wars_Hannibal_and_Hamilcar_?f_ri=433740"},{"id":571403,"name":"Hamilcar and Hannibal Barca","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hamilcar_and_Hannibal_Barca?f_ri=433740"},{"id":672509,"name":"Hannibalic war","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hannibalic_war?f_ri=433740"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_44508800" data-work_id="44508800" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/44508800/Polybius_the_three_spies_and_the_forgotten_battle_of_Zama_16_11_2020">Polybius the three spies and the forgotten battle of Zama 16 11 2020</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Polybius, the three spies and the forgotten battle of Zama Aims In this paper I will discuss some plausible links in the historiography of the three spies` stories and I will attempt to identify Polybius` sources and the reasons why he... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_44508800" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Polybius, the three spies and the forgotten battle of Zama Aims In this paper I will discuss some plausible links in the historiography of the three spies` stories and I will attempt to identify Polybius` sources and the reasons why he decided to retain it in his narrative leading up to the great battle of Zama. Polybius` version of the three spies' story will be compared to other ancient Roman sources that have been overlooked by most modern historians. These sources are the histories of Appian and Cassius Dio; they provide us with an alternative sequence of events that led to Carthage's acceptance of Scipio`s peace terms. As a consequence of the three spies` story's inclusion in Polybius` version of the campaign, we should ask ourselves if the testimonies of Polybius` witnesses and his sources are reliable and if there is reason to believe that they are unfairly biased, we ought therefore to question Polybius` account of the battle of Zama itself. This is a speculative piece of course, without hard, tangible evidence and without primary sources to refer to. There are of course, only secondary sources which are contradictory in parts that span just over three hundred years to base anything upon. But these sources fall into two sets; Polybius/Livy and Appian/Cassius Dio. We need to ask ourselves the right questions about the ways in which these histories contradict one another and where they concur. In this, it will also be useful if we were to examine the motives of the principal characters in the history and the historiography (both the motives of the people who were involved and the authors who later recorded their actions). Where these motivations and the correspondences in the narratives correlate, we might discover that the true history is revealed. I will attempt to conclude this paper with a credible chronology for the Zama campaign. Michael Collins, 16/11/2020.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/44508800" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6a9a7b3a9c43f8a223a6507e324ccc64" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":64947730,"asset_id":44508800,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/64947730/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2MzMxMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="38596453" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MichaelCollins251">Michael Collins</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="38596453" type="text/json">{"id":38596453,"first_name":"Michael","last_name":"Collins","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MichaelCollins251","display_name":"Michael Collins","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MichaelCollins251?f_ri=433740","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/38596453/11078488/39374266/s65_michael.collins.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_44508800 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="44508800"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 44508800, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_44508800", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_44508800 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44508800; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_44508800"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_44508800 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="44508800"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44508800; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44508800]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_44508800").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_44508800").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="44508800"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="14734" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polybius">Polybius</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="14734" type="text/json">{"id":14734,"name":"Polybius","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polybius?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="78977" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Second_Punic_War">Second Punic War</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="78977" type="text/json">{"id":78977,"name":"Second Punic War","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Second_Punic_War?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="398640" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scipio_Africanus">Scipio Africanus</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="398640" type="text/json">{"id":398640,"name":"Scipio Africanus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scipio_Africanus?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="433740" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Punic_Wars_Hannibal_and_Hamilcar_">The Punic Wars (Hannibal and Hamilcar)</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="433740" type="text/json">{"id":433740,"name":"The Punic Wars (Hannibal and Hamilcar)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Punic_Wars_Hannibal_and_Hamilcar_?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=44508800]'), work: {"id":44508800,"title":"Polybius the three spies and the forgotten battle of Zama 16 11 2020","created_at":"2020-11-16T00:30:00.406-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/44508800/Polybius_the_three_spies_and_the_forgotten_battle_of_Zama_16_11_2020?f_ri=433740","dom_id":"work_44508800","summary":"Polybius, the three spies and the forgotten battle of Zama Aims In this paper I will discuss some plausible links in the historiography of the three spies` stories and I will attempt to identify Polybius` sources and the reasons why he decided to retain it in his narrative leading up to the great battle of Zama. Polybius` version of the three spies' story will be compared to other ancient Roman sources that have been overlooked by most modern historians. These sources are the histories of Appian and Cassius Dio; they provide us with an alternative sequence of events that led to Carthage's acceptance of Scipio`s peace terms. As a consequence of the three spies` story's inclusion in Polybius` version of the campaign, we should ask ourselves if the testimonies of Polybius` witnesses and his sources are reliable and if there is reason to believe that they are unfairly biased, we ought therefore to question Polybius` account of the battle of Zama itself. This is a speculative piece of course, without hard, tangible evidence and without primary sources to refer to. There are of course, only secondary sources which are contradictory in parts that span just over three hundred years to base anything upon. But these sources fall into two sets; Polybius/Livy and Appian/Cassius Dio. We need to ask ourselves the right questions about the ways in which these histories contradict one another and where they concur. In this, it will also be useful if we were to examine the motives of the principal characters in the history and the historiography (both the motives of the people who were involved and the authors who later recorded their actions). Where these motivations and the correspondences in the narratives correlate, we might discover that the true history is revealed. I will attempt to conclude this paper with a credible chronology for the Zama campaign. Michael Collins, 16/11/2020.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":64947730,"asset_id":44508800,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":38596453,"first_name":"Michael","last_name":"Collins","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MichaelCollins251","display_name":"Michael Collins","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MichaelCollins251?f_ri=433740","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/38596453/11078488/39374266/s65_michael.collins.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":14734,"name":"Polybius","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polybius?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false},{"id":78977,"name":"Second Punic War","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Second_Punic_War?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false},{"id":398640,"name":"Scipio Africanus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scipio_Africanus?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false},{"id":433740,"name":"The Punic Wars (Hannibal and Hamilcar)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Punic_Wars_Hannibal_and_Hamilcar_?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false},{"id":786076,"name":"Hannibal Barca","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hannibal_Barca?f_ri=433740"},{"id":3556065,"name":"Massinissa ","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Massinissa?f_ri=433740"},{"id":3807841,"name":"Three Spies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Three_Spies?f_ri=433740"},{"id":3807842,"name":"The battle of Zama","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_battle_of_Zama?f_ri=433740"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_33356728" data-work_id="33356728" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/33356728/Hannibal_and_Propaganda">Hannibal and Propaganda</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The term "propaganda," with its apparent emphasis on the production and dissemination of a strictly controlled message, often appears out of place in the context of the ancient world. Nevertheless, despite such limitations, later,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_33356728" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The term "propaganda," with its apparent emphasis on the production and dissemination of a strictly controlled message, often appears out of place in the context of the ancient world. Nevertheless, despite such limitations, later, retrospective accounts of the Second Punic War do display a remarkable consistency in their presentation of Hannibal and his army. During that war, a body of stories developed around Hannibal that had been produced by individuals who were broadly sympathetic to his cause or, at least, who saw the Carthaginian general as a viable or necessary bulwark against the growing power of Rome. The uniformity that one finds in the stories suggests a studied Carthaginian interest in image and opinion. Because only brief excerpts and extracts of the work of pro-Hannibalic writers have survived, often out of their original context or represented in a hostile light, in the work of later Greek and Latin authors, the best guide to how Hannibal and his supporters wished to promote his cause comes from the reaction of those that it was aimed against, the Romans themselves. Both during and after the Second Punic War, the Roman authorities instigated an extraordinary series of mainly religious initiatives that were clearly aimed at countering a Carthaginian threat that went far beyond mere military might. These measures, coupled with the specific rebuttals levelled by later Greek and Roman authors against Hannibal, strongly suggest that his message centered on the divine approval that his cause enjoyed from gods that the Romans had increasingly come to see as their own.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/33356728" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4789d7face6b82a7ff6abd40c992c7b5" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":53414597,"asset_id":33356728,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53414597/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2MzMxMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1181492" href="https://sydney.academia.edu/RichardMiles">Richard Miles</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1181492" type="text/json">{"id":1181492,"first_name":"Richard","last_name":"Miles","domain_name":"sydney","page_name":"RichardMiles","display_name":"Richard Miles","profile_url":"https://sydney.academia.edu/RichardMiles?f_ri=433740","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1181492/421025/518640/s65_richard.miles.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_33356728 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="33356728"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 33356728, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_33356728", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33356728]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_33356728").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_33356728").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="33356728"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="23135" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carthage_Archaeology_">Carthage (Archaeology)</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="23135" type="text/json">{"id":23135,"name":"Carthage (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carthage_Archaeology_?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="50554" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carthage_History_">Carthage (History)</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="50554" type="text/json">{"id":50554,"name":"Carthage (History)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carthage_History_?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="253187" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carthage_Punic_Pottery_Mediterranean_archaeology_Phoenician_Punic_Archaeology_Punic_world_and_Pu">Carthage, Punic Pottery, Mediterranean archaeology, Phoenician Punic Archaeology, Punic world and Punic Archaeology, Phoenician and Punic Studies, archaeology of Sardinia in phoenician age</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="253187" type="text/json">{"id":253187,"name":"Carthage, Punic Pottery, Mediterranean archaeology, Phoenician Punic Archaeology, Punic world and Punic Archaeology, Phoenician and Punic Studies, archaeology of Sardinia in phoenician age","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carthage_Punic_Pottery_Mediterranean_archaeology_Phoenician_Punic_Archaeology_Punic_world_and_Pu?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="433740" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Punic_Wars_Hannibal_and_Hamilcar_">The Punic Wars (Hannibal and Hamilcar)</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="433740" type="text/json">{"id":433740,"name":"The Punic Wars (Hannibal and Hamilcar)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Punic_Wars_Hannibal_and_Hamilcar_?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=33356728]'), work: {"id":33356728,"title":"Hannibal and Propaganda","created_at":"2017-06-06T19:49:14.278-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/33356728/Hannibal_and_Propaganda?f_ri=433740","dom_id":"work_33356728","summary":"The term \"propaganda,\" with its apparent emphasis on the production and dissemination of a strictly controlled message, often appears out of place in the context of the ancient world. Nevertheless, despite such limitations, later, retrospective accounts of the Second Punic War do display a remarkable consistency in their presentation of Hannibal and his army. During that war, a body of stories developed around Hannibal that had been produced by individuals who were broadly sympathetic to his cause or, at least, who saw the Carthaginian general as a viable or necessary bulwark against the growing power of Rome. The uniformity that one finds in the stories suggests a studied Carthaginian interest in image and opinion. Because only brief excerpts and extracts of the work of pro-Hannibalic writers have survived, often out of their original context or represented in a hostile light, in the work of later Greek and Latin authors, the best guide to how Hannibal and his supporters wished to promote his cause comes from the reaction of those that it was aimed against, the Romans themselves. Both during and after the Second Punic War, the Roman authorities instigated an extraordinary series of mainly religious initiatives that were clearly aimed at countering a Carthaginian threat that went far beyond mere military might. These measures, coupled with the specific rebuttals levelled by later Greek and Roman authors against Hannibal, strongly suggest that his message centered on the divine approval that his cause enjoyed from gods that the Romans had increasingly come to see as their own.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":53414597,"asset_id":33356728,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1181492,"first_name":"Richard","last_name":"Miles","domain_name":"sydney","page_name":"RichardMiles","display_name":"Richard Miles","profile_url":"https://sydney.academia.edu/RichardMiles?f_ri=433740","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1181492/421025/518640/s65_richard.miles.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":23135,"name":"Carthage (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carthage_Archaeology_?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false},{"id":50554,"name":"Carthage (History)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carthage_History_?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false},{"id":253187,"name":"Carthage, Punic Pottery, Mediterranean archaeology, Phoenician Punic Archaeology, Punic world and Punic Archaeology, Phoenician and Punic Studies, archaeology of Sardinia in phoenician age","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carthage_Punic_Pottery_Mediterranean_archaeology_Phoenician_Punic_Archaeology_Punic_world_and_Pu?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false},{"id":433740,"name":"The Punic Wars (Hannibal and Hamilcar)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Punic_Wars_Hannibal_and_Hamilcar_?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_15347251" data-work_id="15347251" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a 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type="text/json">{"id":829,"name":"Roman History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_History?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7655" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architectural_History">Architectural History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7655" type="text/json">{"id":7655,"name":"Architectural History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architectural_History?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="144682" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Andrea_Palladio">Andrea Palladio</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="144682" type="text/json">{"id":144682,"name":"Andrea Palladio","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Andrea_Palladio?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=3126142]'), work: 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States","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Welfare_and_Welfare_States?f_ri=433740"},{"id":2899814,"name":"Medieval Islamic and Turco-Iranian world, Mongol world empire","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Islamic_and_Turco-Iranian_world_Mongol_world_empire?f_ri=433740"},{"id":2899815,"name":"Seljuk, Mongol, post-Mongol, and Ottoman Anatolia (1200-1500)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seljuk_Mongol_post-Mongol_and_Ottoman_Anatolia_1200-1500_?f_ri=433740"},{"id":2899816,"name":"Comparative empire, frontier, and political culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_empire_frontier_and_political_culture?f_ri=433740"},{"id":2899817,"name":"Persian and Ottoman Turkish historical writing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Persian_and_Ottoman_Turkish_historical_writing?f_ri=433740"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_34764244" data-work_id="34764244" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/34764244/Los_B%C3%A1rquidas_y_su_v%C3%ADnculo_ideol%C3%B3gico_con_Heracles_Melqart_y_su_santuario_en_Gadir">Los Bárquidas y su vínculo ideológico con Heracles/Melqart y su santuario en Gadir</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Se pretende en el presente trabajo analizar la vinculación de la familia cartaginesa de los Bárquidas con la divinidad Heracles/Melqart y su santuario en Gadir. Esta divinidad es instrumentalizada en el marco del proyecto político de los... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_34764244" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Se pretende en el presente trabajo analizar la vinculación de la familia cartaginesa de los Bárquidas con la divinidad Heracles/Melqart y su santuario en Gadir. Esta divinidad es instrumentalizada en el marco del proyecto político de los Bárcidas con el objetivo de legitimar y sancionar sus acciones políticas, con la finalidad última de asentar su dominio en la Península Ibérica.<br />Heracles/Melqart actúa como soporte ideológico y propagandístico de las actuaciones de los Bárquidas, hecho que tiene su reflejo en la amonedación emitida por esta familia cartaginesa, en las cuales pretenden asimilarse a esta divinidad, y en la visita de Aníbal al santuario gaditano, centro dotado de gran poder simbólico en la antigüedad.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/34764244" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="cad5c161844c26c12e68eb084e9759c4" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":118089373,"asset_id":34764244,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/118089373/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2MzMxMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4176702" href="https://multilingualeducation.academia.edu/HatinBoumehacheErjali">Hatin Boumehache Erjali</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4176702" type="text/json">{"id":4176702,"first_name":"Hatin","last_name":"Boumehache Erjali","domain_name":"multilingualeducation","page_name":"HatinBoumehacheErjali","display_name":"Hatin Boumehache Erjali","profile_url":"https://multilingualeducation.academia.edu/HatinBoumehacheErjali?f_ri=433740","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4176702/1633660/91692621/s65_hatin.boumehache_erjali.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_34764244 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="34764244"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 34764244, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_34764244", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=34764244]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_34764244").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_34764244").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="34764244"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">12</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="130" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_History">Ancient History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="130" type="text/json">{"id":130,"name":"Ancient History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_History?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10104" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Religion">Ancient Religion</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10104" type="text/json">{"id":10104,"name":"Ancient Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Religion?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="89493" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Herakles">Herakles</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="89493" type="text/json">{"id":89493,"name":"Herakles","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Herakles?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="91921" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gadir">Gadir</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="91921" type="text/json">{"id":91921,"name":"Gadir","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gadir?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=34764244]'), work: {"id":34764244,"title":"Los Bárquidas y su vínculo ideológico con Heracles/Melqart y su santuario en Gadir","created_at":"2017-10-04T11:29:24.041-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/34764244/Los_B%C3%A1rquidas_y_su_v%C3%ADnculo_ideol%C3%B3gico_con_Heracles_Melqart_y_su_santuario_en_Gadir?f_ri=433740","dom_id":"work_34764244","summary":"Se pretende en el presente trabajo analizar la vinculación de la familia cartaginesa de los Bárquidas con la divinidad Heracles/Melqart y su santuario en Gadir. Esta divinidad es instrumentalizada en el marco del proyecto político de los Bárcidas con el objetivo de legitimar y sancionar sus acciones políticas, con la finalidad última de asentar su dominio en la Península Ibérica.\nHeracles/Melqart actúa como soporte ideológico y propagandístico de las actuaciones de los Bárquidas, hecho que tiene su reflejo en la amonedación emitida por esta familia cartaginesa, en las cuales pretenden asimilarse a esta divinidad, y en la visita de Aníbal al santuario gaditano, centro dotado de gran poder simbólico en la antigüedad.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":118089373,"asset_id":34764244,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":4176702,"first_name":"Hatin","last_name":"Boumehache Erjali","domain_name":"multilingualeducation","page_name":"HatinBoumehacheErjali","display_name":"Hatin Boumehache Erjali","profile_url":"https://multilingualeducation.academia.edu/HatinBoumehacheErjali?f_ri=433740","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4176702/1633660/91692621/s65_hatin.boumehache_erjali.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":130,"name":"Ancient History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_History?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false},{"id":10104,"name":"Ancient Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Religion?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false},{"id":89493,"name":"Herakles","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Herakles?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false},{"id":91921,"name":"Gadir","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gadir?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false},{"id":100392,"name":"Phoenician and Punic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phoenician_and_Punic_Studies?f_ri=433740"},{"id":131721,"name":"Hannibal","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hannibal?f_ri=433740"},{"id":270078,"name":"Historia Antigua","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historia_Antigua?f_ri=433740"},{"id":329238,"name":"Imitatio Alexandri","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Imitatio_Alexandri?f_ri=433740"},{"id":433740,"name":"The Punic Wars (Hannibal and Hamilcar)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Punic_Wars_Hannibal_and_Hamilcar_?f_ri=433740"},{"id":747160,"name":"Melqart","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Melqart?f_ri=433740"},{"id":955511,"name":"Herakles / Hércules / Melkart","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Herakles_Hercules_Melkart?f_ri=433740"},{"id":1776059,"name":"Historia Antigua de la Península Ibérica","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historia_Antigua_de_la_Pen%C3%ADnsula_Ib%C3%A9rica?f_ri=433740"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_35983524" data-work_id="35983524" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/35983524/THE_BARCID_EMPIRE_AN_ECONOMIC_SOCIAL_AND_POLITICAL_STUDY_OF_IMPERIAL_INTERACTIONS_BETWEEN_CARTHAGINIANS_AND_LOCALS_IN_SOUTHERN_IBERIA">THE BARCID EMPIRE? AN ECONOMIC, SOCIAL, AND POLITICAL STUDY OF IMPERIAL INTERACTIONS BETWEEN CARTHAGINIANS AND LOCALS IN SOUTHERN IBERIA</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This is a study of the empire that the Carthaginians established in southern Iberia under the Barcid family from 237 to 206 BCE. Because literary sources are scarce, this empire has never received extended study. Using new archaeological... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_35983524" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This is a study of the empire that the Carthaginians established in southern Iberia under the Barcid family from 237 to 206 BCE. Because literary sources are scarce, this empire has never received extended study. Using new archaeological and numismatic data, this work poses a series of historical questions aimed at exploring empire as interaction, emphasizing the relations between Carthaginians and the local people they sought to control in Iberia. The first chapter considers Polybius’ representation of Carthaginian relations with Iberians and deconstructs Polybius’ critique of Carthaginian abuses, which appear to be driven by Polybius’ own political and topical agendas. The second chapter considers the economic impact that the empire entailed for Carthaginians as well as for locals in Iberia. Many Carthaginians profited from new trade stimulated by soldiers and colonists abroad, which were funded by mining operations and extractions from locals. While many locals in Iberia suffered under Carthaginian exploitation, some allies appear to have taken advantage of new bodies of consumers to exchange their products to feed Carthaginian soldiers and laborers. The third chapter examines coinage to consider how Carthaginian minting authorities utilized imagery of Melqart-Herakles to legitimate conquest and stimulate interaction with local worshippers. It also examines local reactions to Carthage through civic minting, which reflects local strategies of shaping claims to civic autonomy and power. The final chapter considers the strategies and resources Carthaginians employed to coerce local inhabitants in relation with the potential for cooperation and negotiation with locals facilitated by shared cultural practices. This concluding chapter argues that previous interactions with Carthage and especially indigenous interactions with local communities with Punic cultural backgrounds fostered common ground among Carthaginians and locals, enabling negotiation and the legitimation of unequal power dynamics.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/35983524" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="bfe7ae6612e4a7c55426f5e43ef5f548" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":55868135,"asset_id":35983524,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/55868135/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2MzMxMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="5597665" href="https://brown.academia.edu/JosephKurz">Joseph Kurz</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="5597665" type="text/json">{"id":5597665,"first_name":"Joseph","last_name":"Kurz","domain_name":"brown","page_name":"JosephKurz","display_name":"Joseph Kurz","profile_url":"https://brown.academia.edu/JosephKurz?f_ri=433740","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5597665/2445621/12677927/s65_joey.kurz.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_35983524 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="35983524"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 35983524, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_35983524", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=35983524]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_35983524").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_35983524").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="35983524"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">12</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="829" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_History">Roman History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="829" type="text/json">{"id":829,"name":"Roman History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_History?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2860" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postcolonial_Studies">Postcolonial Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2860" type="text/json">{"id":2860,"name":"Postcolonial Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postcolonial_Studies?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7282" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Numismatics">Numismatics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7282" type="text/json">{"id":7282,"name":"Numismatics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Numismatics?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="13340" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pierre_Bourdieu">Pierre Bourdieu</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="13340" type="text/json">{"id":13340,"name":"Pierre Bourdieu","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pierre_Bourdieu?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=35983524]'), work: {"id":35983524,"title":"THE BARCID EMPIRE? AN ECONOMIC, SOCIAL, AND POLITICAL STUDY OF IMPERIAL INTERACTIONS BETWEEN CARTHAGINIANS AND LOCALS IN SOUTHERN IBERIA","created_at":"2018-02-21T20:46:19.591-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/35983524/THE_BARCID_EMPIRE_AN_ECONOMIC_SOCIAL_AND_POLITICAL_STUDY_OF_IMPERIAL_INTERACTIONS_BETWEEN_CARTHAGINIANS_AND_LOCALS_IN_SOUTHERN_IBERIA?f_ri=433740","dom_id":"work_35983524","summary":"This is a study of the empire that the Carthaginians established in southern Iberia under the Barcid family from 237 to 206 BCE. Because literary sources are scarce, this empire has never received extended study. Using new archaeological and numismatic data, this work poses a series of historical questions aimed at exploring empire as interaction, emphasizing the relations between Carthaginians and the local people they sought to control in Iberia. The first chapter considers Polybius’ representation of Carthaginian relations with Iberians and deconstructs Polybius’ critique of Carthaginian abuses, which appear to be driven by Polybius’ own political and topical agendas. The second chapter considers the economic impact that the empire entailed for Carthaginians as well as for locals in Iberia. Many Carthaginians profited from new trade stimulated by soldiers and colonists abroad, which were funded by mining operations and extractions from locals. While many locals in Iberia suffered under Carthaginian exploitation, some allies appear to have taken advantage of new bodies of consumers to exchange their products to feed Carthaginian soldiers and laborers. The third chapter examines coinage to consider how Carthaginian minting authorities utilized imagery of Melqart-Herakles to legitimate conquest and stimulate interaction with local worshippers. It also examines local reactions to Carthage through civic minting, which reflects local strategies of shaping claims to civic autonomy and power. The final chapter considers the strategies and resources Carthaginians employed to coerce local inhabitants in relation with the potential for cooperation and negotiation with locals facilitated by shared cultural practices. This concluding chapter argues that previous interactions with Carthage and especially indigenous interactions with local communities with Punic cultural backgrounds fostered common ground among Carthaginians and locals, enabling negotiation and the legitimation of unequal power dynamics. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":55868135,"asset_id":35983524,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":5597665,"first_name":"Joseph","last_name":"Kurz","domain_name":"brown","page_name":"JosephKurz","display_name":"Joseph Kurz","profile_url":"https://brown.academia.edu/JosephKurz?f_ri=433740","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5597665/2445621/12677927/s65_joey.kurz.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":829,"name":"Roman History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_History?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false},{"id":2860,"name":"Postcolonial Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postcolonial_Studies?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false},{"id":7282,"name":"Numismatics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Numismatics?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false},{"id":13340,"name":"Pierre Bourdieu","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pierre_Bourdieu?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false},{"id":23135,"name":"Carthage (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carthage_Archaeology_?f_ri=433740"},{"id":50554,"name":"Carthage (History)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carthage_History_?f_ri=433740"},{"id":78976,"name":"Punic Wars","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Punic_Wars?f_ri=433740"},{"id":131721,"name":"Hannibal","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hannibal?f_ri=433740"},{"id":433740,"name":"The Punic Wars (Hannibal and Hamilcar)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Punic_Wars_Hannibal_and_Hamilcar_?f_ri=433740"},{"id":571403,"name":"Hamilcar and Hannibal Barca","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hamilcar_and_Hannibal_Barca?f_ri=433740"},{"id":1044858,"name":"Army of Barcids","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Army_of_Barcids?f_ri=433740"},{"id":1161004,"name":"The Barcids","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Barcids?f_ri=433740"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_28317591" data-work_id="28317591" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/28317591/MEDITERRANEAN_ARCHAEOLOGY_and_ARCHAEOMETRY_20016_VOL_16_No_2_AUGUST">MEDITERRANEAN ARCHAEOLOGY & ARCHAEOMETRY 20016 VOL 16 No 2 AUGUST</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The New Issue of MAA (<a href="http://www.maajournal.com" rel="nofollow">www.maajournal.com</a>) August 2016 with papers on : GIS, IT, Archaeoastroomy, numismatics, settlement archaeology and more..... FREE DOWNLOAD, REAL OPEN ACCESS....... 1. EXAMINATION AND ANALYSES OF A WOODEN FACE A THE... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_28317591" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The New Issue of MAA (<a href="http://www.maajournal.com" rel="nofollow">www.maajournal.com</a>) August 2016 with papers on : GIS, IT, Archaeoastroomy, numismatics, settlement archaeology and more.....<br />FREE DOWNLOAD, REAL OPEN ACCESS.......<br /><br />1. EXAMINATION AND ANALYSES OF A WOODEN FACE A THE MUSEUM STORAGE AT THE FACULTY OF ARCHAEOLOGY, CAIRO UNIVERSITY<br />Yassin Zidan, Nesrin N.M. El Hadidi*, Mourad F. Mohamed<br />DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.47538<br />2. A STUDY ON CHALICES FROM BEYCESULTAN: THEIR FUNCTION, SOCIAL MEANING AND CULTURAL INTERACTIONS <br />F. Dedeoğlu<br />DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.47539<br />3. A POSSIBLE ATTESTATION OF THE NABATAEAN MINISTER SYLLAEUS IN A NEW ANCIENT NORTH ARABIAN (SAFAITIC) INSCRIPTION<br />Nada Al-Rawabdeh and Sabri Abbadi <br />DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.47540<br />4. IT-INNOVATION AND TECHNOLOGIES TRANSFER TO HERITAGE SITES: THE CASE OF MADABA, JORDAN<br />Monther M. Jamhawi, Zain A. Hajahjah <br />DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.47541<br />5. GIS AND GEOARCHAEOLOGICAL ANALYSIS IN SUPERFICIAL OPEN-AIR SITES: THE CASE OF RAÑA DE CAÑAMERO NEANDERTHAL SETTLEMENT (GUADIANA BASIN, SPAIN)<br />Jesús Fernández Fernández, David Álvarez Alonso and Pablo Alonso González <br />DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.47542<br />6. CRANIAL AND POST-CRANIAL TRAUMATIC INJURY PATTERNS IN VAN CASTLE MOUND MEDIEVAL POPULATION<br />Ahmet Cem Erkman, Okşan Başoğlu, Gülüşan Özgün Başıbüyük, Pınar Gözlük Kırmızıoğlu, Ayhan Yiğit, Yarenkür Alkan Yalçın, Ferhat Kaya<br />DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.47543<br />7. CONSIDERING THE RE-USE OF LATE BRONZE AGE BUILDINGS IN LIGHT OF CONTEXTUAL INFORMATION AND HUMAN REMAINS AT BEYCESULTAN<br />Başak Boz<br />DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.48531<br />8. NANOCOMPOSITES FOR THE PROTECTION OF GRANITIC OBELISKS AT TANIS, EGYPT <br />Fatma M. Helmi, Yasser K. Hefni <br />DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.48820<br />9. THE HANNIBAL ROUTE CONTROVERSY AND FUTURE HISTORICAL ARCHAEOLOGICAL EXPLORATION IN THE WESTERN ALPS<br />W.C. Mahaney<br />DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.53065<br />10. AUTHENTICATION AND CONSERVATION OF MARINE ARCHAEOLOGICAL COINS EXCAVATED FROM UNDERWATER OF THE RED SEA, SAUDI ARABIA<br />Omar Abdel-Kareem, Awad Al-Zahrani, Aljouhara Al-Sadoun<br />DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.53066<br />11. AN OVERVIEW OF THE ECONOMIC STATUS OF THE SAFAVID ERA ON THE BASIS OF SILVER COINS, CASE STUDY: SHAH ABBAS II AND SULTAN HUSSEIN<br />Hassan Kohansal Vajargah<br />DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.53068<br />12. ANALYTICAL STUDY AND CONSERVATION OF GILDED MUMMIFORM CARTONNAGE FROM THE GRECO-ROMAN PERIOD IN CAIRO MUSEUM <br />Mona F. Ali,  Ahmed M.El Sheikha, Alaa E. Ali<br />DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.53070<br />13. NEW FINDINGS ON THE CHARACTERIZATION OF ROMAN BEDROCK MORTARS: INTERPRETING THE EVIDENCE FROM ROMAN PINO DEL ORO GOLD MINES (SPAIN)<br />C. Vázquez-Calvo, R. Fort, D. Romero, A. Beltrán and F. J. Sánchez-Palencia<br />DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.53072<br />14. ANALYSIS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL BONES FROM DIFFERENT SITES IN EGYPT BY A MULTIPLE TECHNIQUES (XRD – EDX – FTIR)<br />Gomaa Abdel-Maksoud, Alaa El-Sayed<br />DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.53073<br />15. IDENTIFICATION OF (PROBABLY POLISH) COCHINEAL AND OTHER DYES IN BYZANTINE TEXTILES OF THE 14TH CENTURY FROM MOUNT ATHOS<br />Dimitrios Mantzouris, Ioannis Karapanagiotis, and Christos Karydis<br />DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.53074<br />16. ASTRONOMY AND LANDSCAPE AT THE PREHISTORIC SETTLEMENT VILLAGGIO DEI FARAGLIONI, USTICA, SICILY<br />Franco Foresta Martin, Giulio Magli<br />DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.53075</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/28317591" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="939e5d9e4ebe8588a42854e89cac00f7" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":48647874,"asset_id":28317591,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/48647874/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2MzMxMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="425342" href="https://rhodes-za.academia.edu/IOANNISLIRITZIS">IOANNIS LIRITZIS</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="425342" type="text/json">{"id":425342,"first_name":"IOANNIS","last_name":"LIRITZIS","domain_name":"rhodes-za","page_name":"IOANNISLIRITZIS","display_name":"IOANNIS LIRITZIS","profile_url":"https://rhodes-za.academia.edu/IOANNISLIRITZIS?f_ri=433740","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/425342/2629320/33655202/s65_ioannis.liritzis.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_28317591 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="28317591"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 28317591, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_28317591", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=28317591]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_28317591").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_28317591").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="28317591"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">14</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="399" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistoric_Archaeology">Prehistoric Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="399" type="text/json">{"id":399,"name":"Prehistoric Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistoric_Archaeology?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6474" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleodiet">Paleodiet</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6474" type="text/json">{"id":6474,"name":"Paleodiet","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleodiet?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6735" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Heritage_Conservation">Heritage Conservation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6735" type="text/json">{"id":6735,"name":"Heritage Conservation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Heritage_Conservation?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7282" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Numismatics">Numismatics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="7282" type="text/json">{"id":7282,"name":"Numismatics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Numismatics?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=28317591]'), work: {"id":28317591,"title":"MEDITERRANEAN ARCHAEOLOGY \u0026 ARCHAEOMETRY 20016 VOL 16 No 2 AUGUST","created_at":"2016-09-07T09:49:58.157-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/28317591/MEDITERRANEAN_ARCHAEOLOGY_and_ARCHAEOMETRY_20016_VOL_16_No_2_AUGUST?f_ri=433740","dom_id":"work_28317591","summary":"The New Issue of MAA (www.maajournal.com) August 2016 with papers on : GIS, IT, Archaeoastroomy, numismatics, settlement archaeology and more.....\nFREE DOWNLOAD, REAL OPEN ACCESS.......\n\n1.\tEXAMINATION AND ANALYSES OF A WOODEN FACE A THE MUSEUM STORAGE AT THE FACULTY OF ARCHAEOLOGY, CAIRO UNIVERSITY\nYassin Zidan, Nesrin N.M. El Hadidi*, Mourad F. Mohamed\nDOI: 10.5281/zenodo.47538\n2.\tA STUDY ON CHALICES FROM BEYCESULTAN: THEIR FUNCTION, SOCIAL MEANING AND CULTURAL INTERACTIONS \nF. Dedeoğlu\nDOI: 10.5281/zenodo.47539\n3.\tA POSSIBLE ATTESTATION OF THE NABATAEAN MINISTER SYLLAEUS IN A NEW ANCIENT NORTH ARABIAN (SAFAITIC) INSCRIPTION\nNada Al-Rawabdeh and Sabri Abbadi \nDOI: 10.5281/zenodo.47540\n4.\tIT-INNOVATION AND TECHNOLOGIES TRANSFER TO HERITAGE SITES: THE CASE OF MADABA, JORDAN\nMonther M. Jamhawi, Zain A. Hajahjah \nDOI: 10.5281/zenodo.47541\n5.\tGIS AND GEOARCHAEOLOGICAL ANALYSIS IN SUPERFICIAL OPEN-AIR SITES: THE CASE OF RAÑA DE CAÑAMERO NEANDERTHAL SETTLEMENT (GUADIANA BASIN, SPAIN)\nJesús Fernández Fernández, David Álvarez Alonso and Pablo Alonso González \nDOI: 10.5281/zenodo.47542\n6.\tCRANIAL AND POST-CRANIAL TRAUMATIC INJURY PATTERNS IN VAN CASTLE MOUND MEDIEVAL POPULATION\nAhmet Cem Erkman, Okşan Başoğlu, Gülüşan Özgün Başıbüyük, Pınar Gözlük Kırmızıoğlu, Ayhan Yiğit, Yarenkür Alkan Yalçın, Ferhat Kaya\nDOI: 10.5281/zenodo.47543\n7.\tCONSIDERING THE RE-USE OF LATE BRONZE AGE BUILDINGS IN LIGHT OF CONTEXTUAL INFORMATION AND HUMAN REMAINS AT BEYCESULTAN\nBaşak Boz\nDOI: 10.5281/zenodo.48531\n8.\tNANOCOMPOSITES FOR THE PROTECTION OF GRANITIC OBELISKS AT TANIS, EGYPT \nFatma M. Helmi, Yasser K. Hefni \nDOI: 10.5281/zenodo.48820\n9.\tTHE HANNIBAL ROUTE CONTROVERSY AND FUTURE HISTORICAL ARCHAEOLOGICAL EXPLORATION IN THE WESTERN ALPS\nW.C. Mahaney\nDOI: 10.5281/zenodo.53065\n10.\tAUTHENTICATION AND CONSERVATION OF MARINE ARCHAEOLOGICAL COINS EXCAVATED FROM UNDERWATER OF THE RED SEA, SAUDI ARABIA\nOmar Abdel-Kareem, Awad Al-Zahrani, Aljouhara Al-Sadoun\nDOI: 10.5281/zenodo.53066\n11.\tAN OVERVIEW OF THE ECONOMIC STATUS OF THE SAFAVID ERA ON THE BASIS OF SILVER COINS, CASE STUDY: SHAH ABBAS II AND SULTAN HUSSEIN\nHassan Kohansal Vajargah\nDOI: 10.5281/zenodo.53068\n12.\tANALYTICAL STUDY AND CONSERVATION OF GILDED MUMMIFORM CARTONNAGE FROM THE GRECO-ROMAN PERIOD IN CAIRO MUSEUM \nMona F. Ali, Ahmed M.El Sheikha, Alaa E. Ali\nDOI: 10.5281/zenodo.53070\n13.\tNEW FINDINGS ON THE CHARACTERIZATION OF ROMAN BEDROCK MORTARS: INTERPRETING THE EVIDENCE FROM ROMAN PINO DEL ORO GOLD MINES (SPAIN)\nC. Vázquez-Calvo, R. Fort, D. Romero, A. Beltrán and F. J. Sánchez-Palencia\nDOI: 10.5281/zenodo.53072\n14.\tANALYSIS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL BONES FROM DIFFERENT SITES IN EGYPT BY A MULTIPLE TECHNIQUES (XRD – EDX – FTIR)\nGomaa Abdel-Maksoud, Alaa El-Sayed\nDOI: 10.5281/zenodo.53073\n15.\tIDENTIFICATION OF (PROBABLY POLISH) COCHINEAL AND OTHER DYES IN BYZANTINE TEXTILES OF THE 14TH CENTURY FROM MOUNT ATHOS\nDimitrios Mantzouris, Ioannis Karapanagiotis, and Christos Karydis\nDOI: 10.5281/zenodo.53074\n16.\tASTRONOMY AND LANDSCAPE AT THE PREHISTORIC SETTLEMENT VILLAGGIO DEI FARAGLIONI, USTICA, SICILY\nFranco Foresta Martin, Giulio Magli\nDOI: 10.5281/zenodo.53075\n\n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":48647874,"asset_id":28317591,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":425342,"first_name":"IOANNIS","last_name":"LIRITZIS","domain_name":"rhodes-za","page_name":"IOANNISLIRITZIS","display_name":"IOANNIS LIRITZIS","profile_url":"https://rhodes-za.academia.edu/IOANNISLIRITZIS?f_ri=433740","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/425342/2629320/33655202/s65_ioannis.liritzis.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":399,"name":"Prehistoric Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistoric_Archaeology?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false},{"id":6474,"name":"Paleodiet","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleodiet?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false},{"id":6735,"name":"Heritage Conservation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Heritage_Conservation?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false},{"id":7282,"name":"Numismatics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Numismatics?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false},{"id":12807,"name":"Archaeometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeometry?f_ri=433740"},{"id":13731,"name":"Archaeoastronomy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeoastronomy?f_ri=433740"},{"id":25663,"name":"Aegean Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aegean_Archaeology?f_ri=433740"},{"id":29261,"name":"Roman mortars","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_mortars?f_ri=433740"},{"id":36310,"name":"Safavid Persia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Safavid_Persia?f_ri=433740"},{"id":44632,"name":"Marine Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Archaeology?f_ri=433740"},{"id":50657,"name":"Ancient Numismatics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Numismatics?f_ri=433740"},{"id":147165,"name":"Mummification","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mummification?f_ri=433740"},{"id":433740,"name":"The Punic Wars (Hannibal and Hamilcar)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Punic_Wars_Hannibal_and_Hamilcar_?f_ri=433740"},{"id":1009312,"name":"Geographic Information Systems (GIS)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geographic_Information_Systems_GIS_?f_ri=433740"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_41001229 coauthored" data-work_id="41001229" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/41001229/_Datos_hist%C3%B3ricos_arqueol%C3%B3gicos_y_geol%C3%B3gicos_para_la_ubicaci%C3%B3n_de_la_Batalla_de_An%C3%ADbal_en_el_Tajo_220_a_C_en_GAMO_E_FERN%C3%81NDEZ_J_%C3%81LVAREZ_D_En_ning%C3%BAn_lugar_Caraca_y_la_romanizaci%C3%B3n_de_la_Hispania_interior_Diputaci%C3%B3n_de_Guadalajara_71_102">"Datos históricos, arqueológicos y geológicos para la ubicación de la Batalla de Aníbal en el Tajo (220 a. C.)", en GAMO, E; FERNÁNDEZ, J.; ÁLVAREZ, D., En ningún lugar… Caraca y la romanización de la Hispania interior, Diputación de Guadalajara: 71-102</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/41001229" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8a60a76e53b5cb5a9aae4d9b82065bd4" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":61282446,"asset_id":41001229,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/61282446/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2MzMxMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="48686223" href="https://mcu-es.academia.edu/EmilioGamoPazos">Emilio Gamo Pazos</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="48686223" type="text/json">{"id":48686223,"first_name":"Emilio","last_name":"Gamo Pazos","domain_name":"mcu-es","page_name":"EmilioGamoPazos","display_name":"Emilio Gamo Pazos","profile_url":"https://mcu-es.academia.edu/EmilioGamoPazos?f_ri=433740","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/48686223/12811384/14226368/s65_emilio.gamo.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-41001229">+2</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-41001229"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://ucm.academia.edu/JFernandezOrtea">Javier Fernandez Ortea</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/MariaPerucha">Maria Angeles Perucha</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-41001229'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-41001229').html(); 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La venganza de Aníbal y la destrucción de Cartago (Africa Capta. Hannibal's revenge and the destruction of Carthage)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Esta obra es la continuación del ensayo dedicado a la historia de Cartago, titulado: “Qart Hadast. El Imperio cartaginés hasta la Primera Guerra Púnica (HRM, 2015), que analizaba su ancestral origen fenicio, su fundación por parte de... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_71921048" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Esta obra es la continuación del ensayo dedicado a la historia de Cartago, titulado: “Qart Hadast. El Imperio cartaginés hasta la Primera Guerra Púnica (HRM, 2015), que analizaba su ancestral origen fenicio, su fundación por parte de colonos provenientes de Tiro, su posterior desarrollo hasta dominar gran parte del Mediterráneo occidental, y su primer enfrentamiento con Roma durante la Primera Guerra Púnica, hasta la posterior Guerra de los Mercenarios. <br />Cartago sufrió una derrota catastrófica que aparentemente ponía fin a sus ambiciones expansionistas, pero los púnicos estaba decididos a recuperar su antigua gloria. En este momento tan crucial retomamos nuestra historia, en la que narraremos la conquista cartaginesa de la península ibérica, los sucesos que desencadenaron la Segunda Guerra Púnica, las operaciones militares dirigidas por Aníbal hasta su derrota en Zama y, finalmente, los acontecimientos posteriores que precipitaron la destrucción de Cartago a manos de Publio Cornelio Escipión Emiliano, durante la Tercera Guerra Púnica. <br />Mi intención fue siempre escribir un relato completo sobre la extraordinaria civilización cartaginesa, que por fin queda concluido con este nuevo ensayo. <br />Cartago bien lo merece, a pesar de la opinión que siempre defendió Catón.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/71921048" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8d00df591825fb181101bc02070da54a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":116626253,"asset_id":71921048,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/116626253/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2MzMxMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1058813" href="https://ucm.academia.edu/ArturoSanchez">Arturo Sanchez Sanz</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1058813" type="text/json">{"id":1058813,"first_name":"Arturo","last_name":"Sanchez Sanz","domain_name":"ucm","page_name":"ArturoSanchez","display_name":"Arturo Sanchez Sanz","profile_url":"https://ucm.academia.edu/ArturoSanchez?f_ri=433740","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1058813/4187689/135090990/s65_arturo.s._sanz.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_71921048 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="71921048"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 71921048, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_71921048", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=71921048]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_71921048").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_71921048").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="71921048"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">20</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="128" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History">History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="128" type="text/json">{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="392" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology">Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="392" type="text/json">{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="829" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_History">Roman History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="829" type="text/json">{"id":829,"name":"Roman History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_History?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7125" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Culture">Culture</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="7125" type="text/json">{"id":7125,"name":"Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Culture?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=71921048]'), work: {"id":71921048,"title":"Africa Capta. La venganza de Aníbal y la destrucción de Cartago (Africa Capta. Hannibal's revenge and the destruction of Carthage)","created_at":"2022-02-20T00:40:28.217-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/71921048/Africa_Capta_La_venganza_de_An%C3%ADbal_y_la_destrucci%C3%B3n_de_Cartago_Africa_Capta_Hannibals_revenge_and_the_destruction_of_Carthage_?f_ri=433740","dom_id":"work_71921048","summary":"Esta obra es la continuación del ensayo dedicado a la historia de Cartago, titulado: “Qart Hadast. El Imperio cartaginés hasta la Primera Guerra Púnica (HRM, 2015), que analizaba su ancestral origen fenicio, su fundación por parte de colonos provenientes de Tiro, su posterior desarrollo hasta dominar gran parte del Mediterráneo occidental, y su primer enfrentamiento con Roma durante la Primera Guerra Púnica, hasta la posterior Guerra de los Mercenarios.\r\nCartago sufrió una derrota catastrófica que aparentemente ponía fin a sus ambiciones expansionistas, pero los púnicos estaba decididos a recuperar su antigua gloria. En este momento tan crucial retomamos nuestra historia, en la que narraremos la conquista cartaginesa de la península ibérica, los sucesos que desencadenaron la Segunda Guerra Púnica, las operaciones militares dirigidas por Aníbal hasta su derrota en Zama y, finalmente, los acontecimientos posteriores que precipitaron la destrucción de Cartago a manos de Publio Cornelio Escipión Emiliano, durante la Tercera Guerra Púnica.\r\nMi intención fue siempre escribir un relato completo sobre la extraordinaria civilización cartaginesa, que por fin queda concluido con este nuevo ensayo.\r\nCartago bien lo merece, a pesar de la opinión que siempre defendió Catón. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":116626253,"asset_id":71921048,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1058813,"first_name":"Arturo","last_name":"Sanchez Sanz","domain_name":"ucm","page_name":"ArturoSanchez","display_name":"Arturo Sanchez Sanz","profile_url":"https://ucm.academia.edu/ArturoSanchez?f_ri=433740","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1058813/4187689/135090990/s65_arturo.s._sanz.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false},{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false},{"id":829,"name":"Roman History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_History?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false},{"id":7125,"name":"Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Culture?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false},{"id":21653,"name":"Republican Rome","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Republican_Rome?f_ri=433740"},{"id":23135,"name":"Carthage (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carthage_Archaeology_?f_ri=433740"},{"id":27001,"name":"Archaeology of Roman Hispania","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology_of_Roman_Hispania?f_ri=433740"},{"id":33080,"name":"Phoenician Punic Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phoenician_Punic_Archaeology?f_ri=433740"},{"id":38945,"name":"Arqueología","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arqueolog%C3%ADa?f_ri=433740"},{"id":49837,"name":"Historia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historia?f_ri=433740"},{"id":50554,"name":"Carthage (History)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carthage_History_?f_ri=433740"},{"id":71960,"name":"Hispania","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hispania?f_ri=433740"},{"id":72790,"name":"Storia Romana","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Storia_Romana?f_ri=433740"},{"id":78976,"name":"Punic Wars","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Punic_Wars?f_ri=433740"},{"id":78977,"name":"Second Punic War","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Second_Punic_War?f_ri=433740"},{"id":100392,"name":"Phoenician and Punic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phoenician_and_Punic_Studies?f_ri=433740"},{"id":126616,"name":"Archeologia Fenicio-Punica","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archeologia_Fenicio-Punica?f_ri=433740"},{"id":167664,"name":"Arqueología romana / Roman archeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arqueologia_romana_Roman_archeology?f_ri=433740"},{"id":433740,"name":"The Punic Wars (Hannibal and Hamilcar)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Punic_Wars_Hannibal_and_Hamilcar_?f_ri=433740"},{"id":634974,"name":"Roman Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Archaeology?f_ri=433740"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_38158029" data-work_id="38158029" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/38158029/The_Role_of_the_Roman_Navy_in_the_Second_Punic_War_The_Strategic_Control_of_the_Mediterranean">The Role of the Roman Navy in the Second Punic War: The Strategic Control of the Mediterranean</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Despite the vast amount of modern research concerning the Second Punic War, the role in which Roman fleets played has been largely ignored. Instead, nearly all studies focus on the large-scale infantry engagements featuring Hannibal the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_38158029" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Despite the vast amount of modern research concerning the Second Punic War, the role in which Roman fleets played has been largely ignored. Instead, nearly all studies focus on the large-scale infantry engagements featuring Hannibal the Carthaginian general versus the leaders of the Roman Republic. This study aims to address this lacuna by highlighting the Roman navy’s role in the long-term victory over Carthage. An analysis of ancient ships and warfare strategies reveals that there were many limitations which hindered the ability of a fleet from operating along coastlines lacking friendly port cities. Due to a combination of geography, strategy, and success in battle Rome was consistently able to exploit these limitations at Carthaginian expense. The implication being that the efforts of naval forces were a significant factor in the eventual Roman victory.<br /><br /><a href="http://revistas.usal.es/index.php/0213-2052/index" rel="nofollow">http://revistas.usal.es/index.php/0213-2052/index</a></div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/38158029" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d2aef9a6470263a47f25359e9ddf0f5f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":58191311,"asset_id":38158029,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58191311/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2MzMxMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="39011420" href="https://st-andrews.academia.edu/AlexMichaelElliott">Alex Michael Elliott</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="39011420" type="text/json">{"id":39011420,"first_name":"Alex Michael","last_name":"Elliott","domain_name":"st-andrews","page_name":"AlexMichaelElliott","display_name":"Alex Michael Elliott","profile_url":"https://st-andrews.academia.edu/AlexMichaelElliott?f_ri=433740","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/39011420/20259874/77553621/s65_alex_michael.elliott.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_38158029 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="38158029"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 38158029, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_38158029", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_38158029 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38158029; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_38158029"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_38158029 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="38158029"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38158029; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38158029]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_38158029").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_38158029").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="38158029"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="128" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History">History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="128" type="text/json">{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="130" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_History">Ancient History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="130" type="text/json">{"id":130,"name":"Ancient History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_History?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="816" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Classics">Classics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="816" type="text/json">{"id":816,"name":"Classics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Classics?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8531" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Republic">Roman Republic</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="8531" type="text/json">{"id":8531,"name":"Roman Republic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Republic?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=38158029]'), work: {"id":38158029,"title":"The Role of the Roman Navy in the Second Punic War: The Strategic Control of the Mediterranean","created_at":"2019-01-15T10:25:53.332-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/38158029/The_Role_of_the_Roman_Navy_in_the_Second_Punic_War_The_Strategic_Control_of_the_Mediterranean?f_ri=433740","dom_id":"work_38158029","summary":"Despite the vast amount of modern research concerning the Second Punic War, the role in which Roman fleets played has been largely ignored. Instead, nearly all studies focus on the large-scale infantry engagements featuring Hannibal the Carthaginian general versus the leaders of the Roman Republic. This study aims to address this lacuna by highlighting the Roman navy’s role in the long-term victory over Carthage. An analysis of ancient ships and warfare strategies reveals that there were many limitations which hindered the ability of a fleet from operating along coastlines lacking friendly port cities. Due to a combination of geography, strategy, and success in battle Rome was consistently able to exploit these limitations at Carthaginian expense. The implication being that the efforts of naval forces were a significant factor in the eventual Roman victory.\n\nhttp://revistas.usal.es/index.php/0213-2052/index","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":58191311,"asset_id":38158029,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":39011420,"first_name":"Alex Michael","last_name":"Elliott","domain_name":"st-andrews","page_name":"AlexMichaelElliott","display_name":"Alex Michael Elliott","profile_url":"https://st-andrews.academia.edu/AlexMichaelElliott?f_ri=433740","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/39011420/20259874/77553621/s65_alex_michael.elliott.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false},{"id":130,"name":"Ancient History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_History?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false},{"id":816,"name":"Classics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Classics?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false},{"id":8531,"name":"Roman Republic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Republic?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false},{"id":18426,"name":"Roman military history","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_military_history?f_ri=433740"},{"id":78977,"name":"Second Punic War","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Second_Punic_War?f_ri=433740"},{"id":310245,"name":"Roman navy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_navy?f_ri=433740"},{"id":433740,"name":"The Punic Wars (Hannibal and Hamilcar)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Punic_Wars_Hannibal_and_Hamilcar_?f_ri=433740"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_82498242" data-work_id="82498242" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/82498242/Roma_in_bilico_Svolte_e_scenari_alternativi_di_una_storia_millenaria_Mondadori_2022">Roma in bilico. Svolte e scenari alternativi di una storia millenaria, Mondadori 2022</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">«I 'se...' non fanno la storia, ma possono essere di aiuto. A raccontare, a delineare le 'svolte', a soppesare il ruolo degli eventi. Ma anche a realizzare, come suggeriva Nietzsche, che nella storia 'la domanda: "Che cosa sarebbe... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_82498242" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">«I 'se...' non fanno la storia, ma possono essere di aiuto. A raccontare, a delineare le 'svolte', a soppesare il ruolo degli eventi. Ma anche a realizzare, come suggeriva Nietzsche, che nella storia 'la domanda: "Che cosa sarebbe accaduto se non fosse sopravvissuta questa o quest'altra cosa?" viene respinta quasi concordemente, e tuttavia è proprio la domanda cardinale, attraverso cui tutto si trasforma in qualcosa d'ironico.'» <br /><br />Cosa hanno in comune le mitiche vicende di Romolo, di Lucrezia e delle oche del Campidoglio, la precoce morte di Alessandro «il Grande», la titubanza di Annibale Barca dopo la clamorosa vittoria di Canne, la straordinaria vita di Gaio Giulio Cesare e il suo feroce assassinio, le decisive battaglie di Filippi, Azio, Teutoburgo, ponte Milvio e Adrianopoli?<br />Si tratta di personaggi ed eventi, leggendari o reali, che hanno segnato vere e proprie svolte nella storia di Roma antica e che – per importanza e, spesso, imprevedibilità – hanno suggerito, già tra i contemporanei, interrogativi sui destini dell’uomo e del mondo, ispirando riflessioni ucroniche e controfattuali. Insomma, hanno generato quei famigerati «se» con i quali, ci è sempre stato insegnato, non bisognerebbe mai fare la storia.<br />Ma quando a porseli sono uomini che la storia l’hanno fatta in prima persona, come Cesare, Napoleone o il generale Montgomery, o grandi intellettuali, quali Livio, Plutarco, Gibbon, Burckhardt o Toynbee, forse un’eccezione la meritano. Ne è convinto lo storico Luca Fezzi il quale, esplorando una dozzina di questi «se» – tutti rigorosamente «di autore» –, ci guida lungo il corso delle millenarie vicissitudini dell’Urbe, città «eterna»<br />ma mai immobile, anzi, sempre «in bilico» tra scenari alternativi, spesso opposti. Potremo così chiederci, con la dovuta cognizione di causa, se quanto avvenuto era già scritto, o se sussistevano invece, per Roma, altre possibilità e quali sarebbero state le eventuali conseguenze: per esempio, non nascere, non diventare repubblica, venire abbandonata per la vicina Veio, scontrarsi con Alessandro o soccombere ad Annibale, non conoscere le imprese di Cesare, le riforme di Augusto e di Costantino, resistere più a lungo alle pressioni dei popoli germanici.<br />Con lo stesso spirito e grazie a una profonda conoscenza delle fonti, in questo percorso poco ortodosso ma assai intrigante tra momenti epocali della vicenda di Roma e del suo impero, l’autore ridà voce al controcanto delle narrazioni e testimonianze dissonanti, minoritarie, talvolta improbabili, eco lontane del perenne contrasto tra un passato irrevocabilmente unico e l’universo dei suoi infiniti ma irrealizzati possibili.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/82498242" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d335f16bde09ffd6bc85ecc5734cbec0" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":88188689,"asset_id":82498242,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/88188689/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2MzMxMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1081485" href="https://unipd.academia.edu/LucaFezzi">Luca Fezzi</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1081485" type="text/json">{"id":1081485,"first_name":"Luca","last_name":"Fezzi","domain_name":"unipd","page_name":"LucaFezzi","display_name":"Luca Fezzi","profile_url":"https://unipd.academia.edu/LucaFezzi?f_ri=433740","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1081485/391838/11176486/s65_luca.fezzi.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_82498242 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="82498242"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 82498242, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_82498242", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=82498242]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_82498242").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_82498242").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="82498242"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">19</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="128" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History">History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="128" type="text/json">{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="829" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_History">Roman History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="829" type="text/json">{"id":829,"name":"Roman History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_History?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="18125" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Alexander_the_Great">Alexander the Great</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="18125" type="text/json">{"id":18125,"name":"Alexander the Great","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Alexander_the_Great?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28169" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Counterfactual_History">Counterfactual History</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="28169" type="text/json">{"id":28169,"name":"Counterfactual History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Counterfactual_History?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=82498242]'), work: {"id":82498242,"title":"Roma in bilico. 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Ma anche a realizzare, come suggeriva Nietzsche, che nella storia 'la domanda: \"Che cosa sarebbe accaduto se non fosse sopravvissuta questa o quest'altra cosa?\" viene respinta quasi concordemente, e tuttavia è proprio la domanda cardinale, attraverso cui tutto si trasforma in qualcosa d'ironico.'» \n\nCosa hanno in comune le mitiche vicende di Romolo, di Lucrezia e delle oche del Campidoglio, la precoce morte di Alessandro «il Grande», la titubanza di Annibale Barca dopo la clamorosa vittoria di Canne, la straordinaria vita di Gaio Giulio Cesare e il suo feroce assassinio, le decisive battaglie di Filippi, Azio, Teutoburgo, ponte Milvio e Adrianopoli?\nSi tratta di personaggi ed eventi, leggendari o reali, che hanno segnato vere e proprie svolte nella storia di Roma antica e che – per importanza e, spesso, imprevedibilità – hanno suggerito, già tra i contemporanei, interrogativi sui destini dell’uomo e del mondo, ispirando riflessioni ucroniche e controfattuali. Insomma, hanno generato quei famigerati «se» con i quali, ci è sempre stato insegnato, non bisognerebbe mai fare la storia.\nMa quando a porseli sono uomini che la storia l’hanno fatta in prima persona, come Cesare, Napoleone o il generale Montgomery, o grandi intellettuali, quali Livio, Plutarco, Gibbon, Burckhardt o Toynbee, forse un’eccezione la meritano. Ne è convinto lo storico Luca Fezzi il quale, esplorando una dozzina di questi «se» – tutti rigorosamente «di autore» –, ci guida lungo il corso delle millenarie vicissitudini dell’Urbe, città «eterna»\nma mai immobile, anzi, sempre «in bilico» tra scenari alternativi, spesso opposti. Potremo così chiederci, con la dovuta cognizione di causa, se quanto avvenuto era già scritto, o se sussistevano invece, per Roma, altre possibilità e quali sarebbero state le eventuali conseguenze: per esempio, non nascere, non diventare repubblica, venire abbandonata per la vicina Veio, scontrarsi con Alessandro o soccombere ad Annibale, non conoscere le imprese di Cesare, le riforme di Augusto e di Costantino, resistere più a lungo alle pressioni dei popoli germanici.\nCon lo stesso spirito e grazie a una profonda conoscenza delle fonti, in questo percorso poco ortodosso ma assai intrigante tra momenti epocali della vicenda di Roma e del suo impero, l’autore ridà voce al controcanto delle narrazioni e testimonianze dissonanti, minoritarie, talvolta improbabili, eco lontane del perenne contrasto tra un passato irrevocabilmente unico e l’universo dei suoi infiniti ma irrealizzati possibili.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":88188689,"asset_id":82498242,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1081485,"first_name":"Luca","last_name":"Fezzi","domain_name":"unipd","page_name":"LucaFezzi","display_name":"Luca Fezzi","profile_url":"https://unipd.academia.edu/LucaFezzi?f_ri=433740","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1081485/391838/11176486/s65_luca.fezzi.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false},{"id":829,"name":"Roman History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_History?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false},{"id":18125,"name":"Alexander the Great","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Alexander_the_Great?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false},{"id":28169,"name":"Counterfactual History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Counterfactual_History?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false},{"id":47060,"name":"Sack of Rome","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sack_of_Rome?f_ri=433740"},{"id":51178,"name":"Counterfactual Thinking","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Counterfactual_Thinking?f_ri=433740"},{"id":64534,"name":"Constantine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Constantine?f_ri=433740"},{"id":79542,"name":"Varus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Varus?f_ri=433740"},{"id":104311,"name":"Julius Caesar","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Julius_Caesar?f_ri=433740"},{"id":181443,"name":"Counterfactuals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Counterfactuals?f_ri=433740"},{"id":216660,"name":"Cleopatra VII","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cleopatra_VII?f_ri=433740"},{"id":318252,"name":"Hadrianopolis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hadrianopolis?f_ri=433740"},{"id":433740,"name":"The Punic Wars (Hannibal and Hamilcar)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Punic_Wars_Hannibal_and_Hamilcar_?f_ri=433740"},{"id":466248,"name":"Battle of the Milvian Bridge","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Battle_of_the_Milvian_Bridge?f_ri=433740"},{"id":612881,"name":"Varusschlacht","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Varusschlacht?f_ri=433740"},{"id":859861,"name":"Maxentius","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maxentius?f_ri=433740"},{"id":990392,"name":"Romulus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Romulus?f_ri=433740"},{"id":1195644,"name":"M. Junius Brutus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/M._Junius_Brutus?f_ri=433740"},{"id":1313428,"name":"Battle of Actium","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Battle_of_Actium?f_ri=433740"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_67954028 coauthored" data-work_id="67954028" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/67954028/43_Monete_e_ceramica_nei_contesti_tardoellenistici_dell_Athenaion_di_Castro">43. Monete e ceramica nei contesti tardoellenistici dell’Athenaion di Castro</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/67954028" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e061b42830af0cab99ea394e7633a8c2" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":117360441,"asset_id":67954028,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117360441/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2MzMxMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1902889" href="https://unimol.academia.edu/CarloDeMitri">Carlo De Mitri</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1902889" type="text/json">{"id":1902889,"first_name":"Carlo","last_name":"De Mitri","domain_name":"unimol","page_name":"CarloDeMitri","display_name":"Carlo De Mitri","profile_url":"https://unimol.academia.edu/CarloDeMitri?f_ri=433740","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1902889/643732/2530860/s65_carlo.de_mitri.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-67954028">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-67954028"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://unisalento.academia.edu/FrancescoDAndria">Francesco D'Andria</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-67954028'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-67954028').html(); 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Monete e ceramica nei contesti tardoellenistici dell’Athenaion di Castro","created_at":"2022-01-13T05:32:12.530-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/67954028/43_Monete_e_ceramica_nei_contesti_tardoellenistici_dell_Athenaion_di_Castro?f_ri=433740","dom_id":"work_67954028","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":117360441,"asset_id":67954028,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1902889,"first_name":"Carlo","last_name":"De Mitri","domain_name":"unimol","page_name":"CarloDeMitri","display_name":"Carlo De Mitri","profile_url":"https://unimol.academia.edu/CarloDeMitri?f_ri=433740","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1902889/643732/2530860/s65_carlo.de_mitri.jpg"},{"id":73319635,"first_name":"Francesco","last_name":"D'Andria","domain_name":"unisalento","page_name":"FrancescoDAndria","display_name":"Francesco D'Andria","profile_url":"https://unisalento.academia.edu/FrancescoDAndria?f_ri=433740","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/73319635/18695657/18652746/s65_francesco.d_andria.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false},{"id":7282,"name":"Numismatics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Numismatics?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false},{"id":16860,"name":"Ancient Messapic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Messapic?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false},{"id":47367,"name":"Hellenistic Pottery","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hellenistic_Pottery?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false},{"id":433740,"name":"The Punic Wars (Hannibal and Hamilcar)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Punic_Wars_Hannibal_and_Hamilcar_?f_ri=433740"},{"id":439211,"name":"Sanctuaries in Ancient Rome and Italy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sanctuaries_in_Ancient_Rome_and_Italy?f_ri=433740"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_42893560" data-work_id="42893560" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/42893560/Hannibal_and_Hercules_in_L_Rawlings_and_H_Bowden_eds_Herakles_and_Hercules_Exploring_a_Graeco_Roman_Divinity_2005_153_84">Hannibal and Hercules in L. Rawlings and H. Bowden (eds), Herakles and Hercules: Exploring a Graeco-Roman Divinity (2005), 153-84</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/42893560" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9e8fec3451fb0b1ccfab325ddedea6e2" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":63140897,"asset_id":42893560,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/63140897/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2MzMxMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3439769" href="https://cardiff.academia.edu/LouisRawlings">Louis Rawlings</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3439769" type="text/json">{"id":3439769,"first_name":"Louis","last_name":"Rawlings","domain_name":"cardiff","page_name":"LouisRawlings","display_name":"Louis Rawlings","profile_url":"https://cardiff.academia.edu/LouisRawlings?f_ri=433740","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_42893560 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="42893560"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 42893560, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_42893560", }); 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Ciudades, pueblos y nombres.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Por su inmediatez mediterránea, el Magreb estará estrechamente relacionado con el Egipto histórico, con la antigua Grecia, con los colonizadores fenicios, el florecimiento y caída de Cartago y el auge de Roma. Para definir el área de... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_41875438" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Por su inmediatez mediterránea, el Magreb estará estrechamente relacionado con el Egipto histórico, con la antigua Grecia, con los colonizadores fenicios, el florecimiento y caída de Cartago y el auge de Roma. Para definir el área de estudio recurrimos a la determinación física y política actual del Magreb, que viene a comprender prácticamente el Noroeste de África, lo que se extiende por el territorio que abarca desde la franja costera y hacia el interior de los actuales estados de Libia, Argelia, Túnez, Marruecos, Sáhara Occidental y Mauritania, a lo que podríamos añadir por cercanía el Norte de Mali. Este bloque limitaría al Este con Egipto, bañando sus costas el Mediterráneo al Norte, el Atlántico al Oeste hasta la frontera del actual estado de Senegal, quedando la delimitación hacia el Sur algo más confusa, pero que de un modo general situaremos en el conjunto del desierto del Sáhara. Esto último nos sirve de pretexto para configurar el marco espacio-temporal del trabajo, partiendo de tres puntos: 1)la colonización fenicia, que desde época arcaica tiene en la fundación de Lixus (circa 1100 a.C.) y más tarde la de Mogador, su extremo geográfico más occidental, dentro de un periodo de coexistencia pacífica con los indígenas, que se redujo al establecimiento de villas y redes comerciales próximas a los ríos de la franja costera magrebí; 2)el surgimiento de Cartago como potencia en el Mediterráneo entre los siglos VII-IV a.C. y hasta la caída de Tiro en 332 a.C., cuyo legado continúa hasta el final de las guerras púnicas, a mediados del siglo II a.C., estableciendo un protectorado sobre las ciudades-estados derivadas del colonialismo, que fue prácticamente borrado del mapa por los romanos; 3)y en lo sucesivo el control romano, que desde 146 a.C. establece sus redes con una romanización intensa no más allá del desierto del Sáhara, lo que no nos deja establecer un límite claro al Sur, aunque de un modo general se tomará el río Níger  como frontera natural.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/41875438" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a36bfdb560844f940df5549663109ae3" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":63571971,"asset_id":41875438,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/63571971/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2MzMxMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="78452364" href="https://circulodelestrecho.academia.edu/JoseAlejandroOrtizCorrero">José Alejandro Ortiz Correro</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="78452364" type="text/json">{"id":78452364,"first_name":"José Alejandro","last_name":"Ortiz Correro","domain_name":"circulodelestrecho","page_name":"JoseAlejandroOrtizCorrero","display_name":"José Alejandro Ortiz Correro","profile_url":"https://circulodelestrecho.academia.edu/JoseAlejandroOrtizCorrero?f_ri=433740","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/78452364/19264740/141724410/s65_jos_alejandro.ortiz_correro.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_41875438 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="41875438"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 41875438, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_41875438", }); 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Ciudades, pueblos y nombres.","created_at":"2020-02-05T21:03:02.182-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/41875438/Historia_antigua_del_Magreb_Ciudades_pueblos_y_nombres?f_ri=433740","dom_id":"work_41875438","summary":"Por su inmediatez mediterránea, el Magreb estará estrechamente relacionado con el Egipto histórico, con la antigua Grecia, con los colonizadores fenicios, el florecimiento y caída de Cartago y el auge de Roma. Para definir el área de estudio recurrimos a la determinación física y política actual del Magreb, que viene a comprender prácticamente el Noroeste de África, lo que se extiende por el territorio que abarca desde la franja costera y hacia el interior de los actuales estados de Libia, Argelia, Túnez, Marruecos, Sáhara Occidental y Mauritania, a lo que podríamos añadir por cercanía el Norte de Mali. Este bloque limitaría al Este con Egipto, bañando sus costas el Mediterráneo al Norte, el Atlántico al Oeste hasta la frontera del actual estado de Senegal, quedando la delimitación hacia el Sur algo más confusa, pero que de un modo general situaremos en el conjunto del desierto del Sáhara. Esto último nos sirve de pretexto para configurar el marco espacio-temporal del trabajo, partiendo de tres puntos: 1)la colonización fenicia, que desde época arcaica tiene en la fundación de Lixus (circa 1100 a.C.) y más tarde la de Mogador, su extremo geográfico más occidental, dentro de un periodo de coexistencia pacífica con los indígenas, que se redujo al establecimiento de villas y redes comerciales próximas a los ríos de la franja costera magrebí; 2)el surgimiento de Cartago como potencia en el Mediterráneo entre los siglos VII-IV a.C. y hasta la caída de Tiro en 332 a.C., cuyo legado continúa hasta el final de las guerras púnicas, a mediados del siglo II a.C., estableciendo un protectorado sobre las ciudades-estados derivadas del colonialismo, que fue prácticamente borrado del mapa por los romanos; 3)y en lo sucesivo el control romano, que desde 146 a.C. establece sus redes con una romanización intensa no más allá del desierto del Sáhara, lo que no nos deja establecer un límite claro al Sur, aunque de un modo general se tomará el río Níger como frontera natural.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":63571971,"asset_id":41875438,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":78452364,"first_name":"José Alejandro","last_name":"Ortiz Correro","domain_name":"circulodelestrecho","page_name":"JoseAlejandroOrtizCorrero","display_name":"José Alejandro Ortiz Correro","profile_url":"https://circulodelestrecho.academia.edu/JoseAlejandroOrtizCorrero?f_ri=433740","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/78452364/19264740/141724410/s65_jos_alejandro.ortiz_correro.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":379,"name":"African Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_Studies?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false},{"id":829,"name":"Roman History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_History?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false},{"id":3896,"name":"African History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_History?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false},{"id":6952,"name":"Mediterranean Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mediterranean_Studies?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false},{"id":21324,"name":"Roman Army","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Army?f_ri=433740"},{"id":22484,"name":"Civil Wars (Roman Republic)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Wars_Roman_Republic_?f_ri=433740"},{"id":22878,"name":"Ancient Greek History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Greek_History?f_ri=433740"},{"id":33043,"name":"Mediterranean and North Africa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mediterranean_and_North_Africa?f_ri=433740"},{"id":48303,"name":"Colonization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Colonization?f_ri=433740"},{"id":68134,"name":"Romanización","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Romanizaci%C3%B3n?f_ri=433740"},{"id":70703,"name":"Magreb","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magreb?f_ri=433740"},{"id":79974,"name":"Cartago","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cartago?f_ri=433740"},{"id":84518,"name":"Justinian I, Emperor","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Justinian_I_Emperor?f_ri=433740"},{"id":288965,"name":"Garamantes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Garamantes?f_ri=433740"},{"id":385121,"name":"Africa proconsularis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Africa_proconsularis?f_ri=433740"},{"id":419170,"name":"Colonización fenicia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Colonizacion_fenicia?f_ri=433740"},{"id":433740,"name":"The Punic Wars (Hannibal and Hamilcar)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Punic_Wars_Hannibal_and_Hamilcar_?f_ri=433740"},{"id":786076,"name":"Hannibal Barca","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hannibal_Barca?f_ri=433740"},{"id":977189,"name":"Ancient North African History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_North_African_History?f_ri=433740"},{"id":1201002,"name":"Cesar","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cesar?f_ri=433740"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_8089387" data-work_id="8089387" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/8089387/Lancel_S_An%C3%ADbal_Barcelona_1997_">Lancel, S. 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=4065473]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_4065473").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_4065473").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="4065473"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="78976" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Punic_Wars">Punic Wars</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="78976" type="text/json">{"id":78976,"name":"Punic Wars","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Punic_Wars?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="78977" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Second_Punic_War">Second Punic War</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="78977" type="text/json">{"id":78977,"name":"Second Punic War","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Second_Punic_War?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="78979" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carthaginian_Army">Carthaginian Army</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="78979" type="text/json">{"id":78979,"name":"Carthaginian Army","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carthaginian_Army?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="131721" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hannibal">Hannibal</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="131721" type="text/json">{"id":131721,"name":"Hannibal","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hannibal?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=4065473]'), work: {"id":4065473,"title":"\"Aníbal, strategos carismático, y los ejércitos de Cartago\" (in Spanish)","created_at":"2013-07-19T09:07:20.962-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/4065473/_An%C3%ADbal_strategos_carism%C3%A1tico_y_los_ej%C3%A9rcitos_de_Cartago_in_Spanish_?f_ri=433740","dom_id":"work_4065473","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":31596326,"asset_id":4065473,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":509246,"first_name":"Fernando","last_name":"Quesada-Sanz","domain_name":"uam","page_name":"FernandoQuesadaSanz","display_name":"Fernando Quesada-Sanz","profile_url":"https://uam.academia.edu/FernandoQuesadaSanz?f_ri=433740","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/509246/176939/53805250/s65_fernando.quesada-sanz.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":78976,"name":"Punic Wars","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Punic_Wars?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false},{"id":78977,"name":"Second Punic War","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Second_Punic_War?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false},{"id":78979,"name":"Carthaginian Army","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carthaginian_Army?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false},{"id":131721,"name":"Hannibal","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hannibal?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false},{"id":433740,"name":"The Punic Wars (Hannibal and Hamilcar)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Punic_Wars_Hannibal_and_Hamilcar_?f_ri=433740"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_2439615" data-work_id="2439615" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/2439615/Rules_of_Greek_and_Roman_POWs_SFSU_Ancient_War_Lecture_Series_21_March_2007_">Rules of Greek and Roman POWs (SFSU Ancient War Lecture Series 21 March 2007)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Aside from my Augustan Era and Ara Pacis work, my research on POWs in the Ancient World - - Rome and to a lesser extent Greece - is my second field of study, and it has received a lot more interest from audiences and readers. My premise... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_2439615" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Aside from my Augustan Era and Ara Pacis work, my research on POWs in the Ancient World - - Rome and to a lesser extent Greece - is my second field of study, and it has received a lot more interest from audiences and readers.  My premise in all my work is that the Greeks spared prisoners when there was a way to make profit from them and for the most part spared fellow Hellenes unless they were retaliating for previous acts of execution of prisoners.  One can see several dark exceptions, but Greeks usually did not kill other Greeks except under special circumstances.  Romans had a more complex set of considerations, especially as distances and costs were on a much larger scale, whereas the sale price of individual prisoners did not greatly jump over the centuries.  So if it was possible to round up many prisoners and sell them, Romans would, but if it was impractical, those POWs would be executed.  The far more interesting study is how Romans regarded Romans held POW by the enemy.  This lecture explored that topic to a great extent.  As a rule, before 216 BC, Romans ransomed and exchanged POWs just like any other nation.  But after the Battle of Cannae, the Romans refused to discuss or consider their POWs until they had won the war; such men were of no value.  The good Roman soldier fights his way to freedom or falls on his sword.  How and why this abrupt change took place has everything to do with the desperation of the Second Punic War.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/2439615" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="cdcf7e15caa91551b3eb0633b0cb6cef" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":30462842,"asset_id":2439615,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/30462842/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2MzMxMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="396035" href="https://berkeley.academia.edu/GaiusStern">Gaius Stern</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="396035" type="text/json">{"id":396035,"first_name":"Gaius","last_name":"Stern","domain_name":"berkeley","page_name":"GaiusStern","display_name":"Gaius Stern","profile_url":"https://berkeley.academia.edu/GaiusStern?f_ri=433740","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/396035/249127/294438/s65_gaius.stern.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_2439615 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="2439615"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 2439615, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_2439615", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2439615]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_2439615").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_2439615").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="2439615"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="829" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_History">Roman History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="829" type="text/json">{"id":829,"name":"Roman History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_History?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="13120" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prisoners_of_War">Prisoners of War</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="13120" type="text/json">{"id":13120,"name":"Prisoners of War","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prisoners_of_War?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="22878" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Greek_History">Ancient Greek History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="22878" type="text/json">{"id":22878,"name":"Ancient Greek History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Greek_History?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="433738" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/POWs_in_the_Ancient_World">POWs in the Ancient World</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="433738" type="text/json">{"id":433738,"name":"POWs in the Ancient World","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/POWs_in_the_Ancient_World?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=2439615]'), work: {"id":2439615,"title":"Rules of Greek and Roman POWs (SFSU Ancient War Lecture Series 21 March 2007)","created_at":"2013-01-21T10:14:13.553-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/2439615/Rules_of_Greek_and_Roman_POWs_SFSU_Ancient_War_Lecture_Series_21_March_2007_?f_ri=433740","dom_id":"work_2439615","summary":"Aside from my Augustan Era and Ara Pacis work, my research on POWs in the Ancient World - - Rome and to a lesser extent Greece - is my second field of study, and it has received a lot more interest from audiences and readers. My premise in all my work is that the Greeks spared prisoners when there was a way to make profit from them and for the most part spared fellow Hellenes unless they were retaliating for previous acts of execution of prisoners. One can see several dark exceptions, but Greeks usually did not kill other Greeks except under special circumstances. Romans had a more complex set of considerations, especially as distances and costs were on a much larger scale, whereas the sale price of individual prisoners did not greatly jump over the centuries. So if it was possible to round up many prisoners and sell them, Romans would, but if it was impractical, those POWs would be executed. The far more interesting study is how Romans regarded Romans held POW by the enemy. This lecture explored that topic to a great extent. As a rule, before 216 BC, Romans ransomed and exchanged POWs just like any other nation. But after the Battle of Cannae, the Romans refused to discuss or consider their POWs until they had won the war; such men were of no value. The good Roman soldier fights his way to freedom or falls on his sword. How and why this abrupt change took place has everything to do with the desperation of the Second Punic War.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":30462842,"asset_id":2439615,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":396035,"first_name":"Gaius","last_name":"Stern","domain_name":"berkeley","page_name":"GaiusStern","display_name":"Gaius Stern","profile_url":"https://berkeley.academia.edu/GaiusStern?f_ri=433740","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/396035/249127/294438/s65_gaius.stern.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":829,"name":"Roman History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_History?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false},{"id":13120,"name":"Prisoners of War","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prisoners_of_War?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false},{"id":22878,"name":"Ancient Greek History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Greek_History?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false},{"id":433738,"name":"POWs in the Ancient World","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/POWs_in_the_Ancient_World?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false},{"id":433740,"name":"The Punic Wars (Hannibal and Hamilcar)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Punic_Wars_Hannibal_and_Hamilcar_?f_ri=433740"},{"id":571403,"name":"Hamilcar and Hannibal Barca","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hamilcar_and_Hannibal_Barca?f_ri=433740"},{"id":721203,"name":"Battle of Cannae","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Battle_of_Cannae?f_ri=433740"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_5391654" data-work_id="5391654" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/5391654/_Hannibal_Barca_and_Publius_Cornelius_Scipio_Africanus_divergent_lives_parallel_deaths_in_Spanish_An%C3%ADbal_Barca_y_Publio_Cornelio_Escipi%C3%B3n_Africano_vidas_divergentes_muertes_paralelas_">"Hannibal Barca and Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus: divergent lives, parallel deaths" (in Spanish) "Aníbal Barca y Publio Cornelio Escipión Africano: vidas divergentes, muertes paralelas"</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/5391654" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a 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data-has-card-for-ri="22825" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology_of_the_Iberian_Peninsula">Archaeology of the Iberian Peninsula</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="22825" type="text/json">{"id":22825,"name":"Archaeology of the Iberian Peninsula","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology_of_the_Iberian_Peninsula?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="29327" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Military_History">Ancient Military History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="29327" type="text/json">{"id":29327,"name":"Ancient Military History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Military_History?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="41716" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Warfare">Ancient Warfare</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="41716" type="text/json">{"id":41716,"name":"Ancient 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class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/3564143/Cappelletti_L_Lucani_e_Brettii_Ricerche_sulla_storia_politica_e_istituzionale_di_due_popoli_dell_Italia_antica_V_III_sec_a_C_Frankfurt_am_Main_Peter_Lang_Verlag_2002">Cappelletti L., Lucani e Brettii. Ricerche sulla storia politica e istituzionale di due popoli dell’Italia antica (V-III sec.a.C.), Frankfurt am Main (Peter Lang Verlag) 2002</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Al V sec.a.C. ca. risalgono le prime attestazioni primarie e secondarie relative all'esistenza politica dei Lucani. I Brettii, invece, entrano nella storia più tardi e prepotentemente verso la metà del IV sec.a.C. A partire da queste date... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_3564143" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Al V sec.a.C. ca. risalgono le prime attestazioni primarie e secondarie relative all'esistenza politica dei Lucani. I Brettii, invece, entrano nella storia più tardi e prepotentemente verso la metà del IV sec.a.C. A partire da queste date si svolge la vicenda storica di questi due popoli ripercorsa nel presente volume, che dalle prime fasi di contatto culturale e conflitto militare con il vicino mondo magnogreco sino allo scontro con Roma al fianco di Annibale nel III sec.a.C. costituirono due degli stati più potenti e più temibili dell'Italia antica. Si sono volute indagare poi le organizzazioni federali alla guida ed alla base della potenza di entrambi i popoli. Attraverso le notizie degli autori antichi ed il materiale archeologico lato sensu è stato possibile così ricostruire un quadro delle strutture e dei modi e forme di funzionamento delle due Leghe.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/3564143" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="eda3754491173f5537b4b0f655716966" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":31275339,"asset_id":3564143,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/31275339/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2MzMxMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3418402" href="https://univie.academia.edu/LoredanaCappelletti">Loredana Cappelletti</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3418402" type="text/json">{"id":3418402,"first_name":"Loredana","last_name":"Cappelletti","domain_name":"univie","page_name":"LoredanaCappelletti","display_name":"Loredana Cappelletti","profile_url":"https://univie.academia.edu/LoredanaCappelletti?f_ri=433740","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3418402/3578301/4199064/s65_loredana.cappelletti.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_3564143 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="3564143"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 3564143, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_3564143", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=3564143]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_3564143").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_3564143").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="3564143"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">20</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="829" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_History">Roman History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="829" type="text/json">{"id":829,"name":"Roman History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_History?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9980" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greek_colonies_in_Magna_Graecia">Greek colonies in Magna Graecia</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9980" type="text/json">{"id":9980,"name":"Greek colonies in Magna Graecia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greek_colonies_in_Magna_Graecia?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15777" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Italic_Languages">Italic Languages</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="15777" type="text/json">{"id":15777,"name":"Italic Languages","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Italic_Languages?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16859" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology_of_pre-Roman_Italy">Archaeology of pre-Roman Italy</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="16859" type="text/json">{"id":16859,"name":"Archaeology of pre-Roman Italy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology_of_pre-Roman_Italy?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=3564143]'), work: {"id":3564143,"title":"Cappelletti L., Lucani e Brettii. 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Si sono volute indagare poi le organizzazioni federali alla guida ed alla base della potenza di entrambi i popoli. Attraverso le notizie degli autori antichi ed il materiale archeologico lato sensu è stato possibile così ricostruire un quadro delle strutture e dei modi e forme di funzionamento delle due Leghe.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":31275339,"asset_id":3564143,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3418402,"first_name":"Loredana","last_name":"Cappelletti","domain_name":"univie","page_name":"LoredanaCappelletti","display_name":"Loredana Cappelletti","profile_url":"https://univie.academia.edu/LoredanaCappelletti?f_ri=433740","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3418402/3578301/4199064/s65_loredana.cappelletti.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":829,"name":"Roman History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_History?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false},{"id":9980,"name":"Greek colonies in Magna Graecia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greek_colonies_in_Magna_Graecia?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false},{"id":15777,"name":"Italic Languages","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Italic_Languages?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false},{"id":16859,"name":"Archaeology of pre-Roman Italy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology_of_pre-Roman_Italy?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false},{"id":51485,"name":"Magna Grecia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magna_Grecia?f_ri=433740"},{"id":57648,"name":"Magna Graecia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magna_Graecia?f_ri=433740"},{"id":58543,"name":"Greek Colonization (Magna Graecia and Sicily)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greek_Colonization_Magna_Graecia_and_Sicily_?f_ri=433740"},{"id":188594,"name":"Pre-Roman Italy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pre-Roman_Italy?f_ri=433740"},{"id":248323,"name":"Agathoclea,Agathocles","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Agathoclea_Agathocles?f_ri=433740"},{"id":262757,"name":"History and Culture of Calabria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_and_Culture_of_Calabria?f_ri=433740"},{"id":287805,"name":"Lucania antica","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lucania_antica?f_ri=433740"},{"id":299267,"name":"Popoli italici","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Popoli_italici?f_ri=433740"},{"id":358541,"name":"Brettii","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brettii?f_ri=433740"},{"id":433740,"name":"The Punic Wars (Hannibal and Hamilcar)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Punic_Wars_Hannibal_and_Hamilcar_?f_ri=433740"},{"id":502803,"name":"Bruttii","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bruttii?f_ri=433740"},{"id":503630,"name":"Bruttium","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bruttium?f_ri=433740"},{"id":578901,"name":"Pyrrhus of Epirus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pyrrhus_of_Epirus?f_ri=433740"},{"id":672511,"name":"Hannibal's allies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hannibals_allies?f_ri=433740"},{"id":687548,"name":"Alexander of Epirus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Alexander_of_Epirus?f_ri=433740"},{"id":1867465,"name":"Pirro re dell'Epiro","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pirro_re_dellEpiro?f_ri=433740"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_48879386" data-work_id="48879386" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/48879386/War_crimes_in_classical_civilisation_Ratni_zlo%C4%8Dini_u_teoriji_i_praksi_anti%C4%8Dkog_perioda_Hanibal_ratni_zlo%C4%8Dinac">War crimes in classical civilisation - Ratni zločini u teoriji i praksi antičkog perioda Hanibal, ratni zločinac</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This book deals with the study of war crimes in ancient Greece and Roman world, and the relationship to this phenomenon during classical civilization. The book contains a large numbers of examples of war crimes and examples of punishing... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_48879386" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This book deals with the study of war crimes in ancient Greece and Roman world, and the relationship to this phenomenon during classical civilization. The book contains a large numbers of examples of war crimes and examples of punishing those who would commit them.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/48879386" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ec2e84aae3484b756fe81496e3a0786f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":67288551,"asset_id":48879386,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/67288551/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2MzMxMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4332961" href="https://unsa-ba.academia.edu/SalmedinMesihovi%C4%87">Salmedin Mesihović</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4332961" type="text/json">{"id":4332961,"first_name":"Salmedin","last_name":"Mesihović","domain_name":"unsa-ba","page_name":"SalmedinMesihović","display_name":"Salmedin Mesihović","profile_url":"https://unsa-ba.academia.edu/SalmedinMesihovi%C4%87?f_ri=433740","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4332961/1739599/18457645/s65_salmedin.mesihovi_.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_48879386 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="48879386"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 48879386, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_48879386", }); 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class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_15119822" data-work_id="15119822" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/15119822/The_Conquests_of_Alexander_the_Great_and_the_Romans_in_Livy_Chapter_Four_Contesting_the_Greatness_of_Alexander_the_Great_">The Conquests of Alexander the Great and the Romans in Livy (Chapter Four - Contesting the Greatness of Alexander the Great)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Chapter IV (66) Livy Pushes the Argument Further (66) An Example of How Livy’s Military Accounts Can Prove Unreliable (68) Livy the Historian (69) The Impact of Alexander on Livy’s History Outside of the Digression (72) The... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_15119822" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Chapter IV (66) <br /> <br />Livy Pushes the Argument Further (66) <br /> <br />An Example of How Livy’s Military Accounts Can Prove Unreliable (68) <br /> <br />Livy the Historian (69) <br /> <br />The Impact of Alexander on Livy’s History Outside of the Digression (72) <br /> <br />The Failure of an Alexander in Italy (73) <br /> <br />The Association of Papirius Cursor with Alexander the Great (77) <br /> <br />The Piety of Alexander, the Piety of Scipio (78) <br /> <br />Alexander Compared to Pyrrhus, Hannibal, and Scipio (81) <br /> <br />Parallels between the Roman Victory at Magnesia and Alexander’s Victory at Gaugamela (87) <br /> <br />The Lingering Reputation of Alexander (91) <br /> <br />Livy’s Claim of Roman Superiority through the Domination of the World once Ruled by Alexander (93) <br /> <br />Alexander Marches Through the Streets of Rome as a 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class="summarized">... In addition, I am thankful for my friends during this journey. My friends back in New MexicoChris and Alicia Chavez, Zack Herrera, and Rachael Miltenbergerhave patiently ... like to be present at Cannae. Another author, Adrian... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_20486276" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">... In addition, I am thankful for my friends during this journey. My friends back in New MexicoChris and Alicia Chavez, Zack Herrera, and Rachael Miltenbergerhave patiently ... like to be present at Cannae. Another author, Adrian Goldsworthy has published two books ...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/20486276" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b696f7caef83acba01c275a81362e852" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":50013520,"asset_id":20486276,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50013520/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2MzMxMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="35647357" href="https://independentscholar.academia.edu/KeenanBacaWinters">Keenan Baca-Winters</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="35647357" type="text/json">{"id":35647357,"first_name":"Keenan","last_name":"Baca-Winters","domain_name":"independentscholar","page_name":"KeenanBacaWinters","display_name":"Keenan Baca-Winters","profile_url":"https://independentscholar.academia.edu/KeenanBacaWinters?f_ri=433740","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/35647357/14807907/71365752/s65_keenan.baca-winters.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_20486276 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="20486276"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 20486276, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_20486276", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_20486276 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 20486276; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_20486276"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_20486276 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="20486276"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 20486276; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=20486276]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_20486276").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_20486276").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="20486276"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">11</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="130" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_History">Ancient History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="130" type="text/json">{"id":130,"name":"Ancient History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_History?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11483" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Memory">Cultural Memory</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="11483" type="text/json">{"id":11483,"name":"Cultural Memory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Memory?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="14734" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polybius">Polybius</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="14734" type="text/json">{"id":14734,"name":"Polybius","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polybius?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="14753" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vergil">Vergil</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="14753" type="text/json">{"id":14753,"name":"Vergil","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vergil?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=20486276]'), work: {"id":20486276,"title":"Memoria Hannibalis: constructing memories of Punic War violence from the second century BCE through the fifth century CE","created_at":"2016-01-22T00:51:38.879-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/20486276/Memoria_Hannibalis_constructing_memories_of_Punic_War_violence_from_the_second_century_BCE_through_the_fifth_century_CE?f_ri=433740","dom_id":"work_20486276","summary":"... In addition, I am thankful for my friends during this journey. My friends back in New MexicoChris and Alicia Chavez, Zack Herrera, and Rachael Miltenbergerhave patiently ... like to be present at Cannae. Another author, Adrian Goldsworthy has published two books ...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":50013520,"asset_id":20486276,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":35647357,"first_name":"Keenan","last_name":"Baca-Winters","domain_name":"independentscholar","page_name":"KeenanBacaWinters","display_name":"Keenan Baca-Winters","profile_url":"https://independentscholar.academia.edu/KeenanBacaWinters?f_ri=433740","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/35647357/14807907/71365752/s65_keenan.baca-winters.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":130,"name":"Ancient History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_History?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false},{"id":11483,"name":"Cultural Memory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Memory?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false},{"id":14734,"name":"Polybius","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polybius?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false},{"id":14753,"name":"Vergil","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vergil?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false},{"id":19337,"name":"Claudian","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Claudian?f_ri=433740"},{"id":69792,"name":"Ancient Rome","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Rome?f_ri=433740"},{"id":78977,"name":"Second Punic War","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Second_Punic_War?f_ri=433740"},{"id":93796,"name":"Ammianus Marcellinus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ammianus_Marcellinus?f_ri=433740"},{"id":95242,"name":"Livy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Livy?f_ri=433740"},{"id":131721,"name":"Hannibal","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hannibal?f_ri=433740"},{"id":433740,"name":"The Punic Wars (Hannibal and Hamilcar)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Punic_Wars_Hannibal_and_Hamilcar_?f_ri=433740"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_11791696" data-work_id="11791696" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/11791696/Un_tesoro_de_dishekels_y_shekels_hispano_cartagineses_hallado_por_Badajoz_Herakleion_Revista_Interdisciplinar_de_Historia_y_Arqueolog%C3%ADa_del_Mediterr%C3%A1neo_7_pp_29_51_CCHS_CSIC_y_CEFYP_">Un tesoro de dishekels y shekels hispano-cartagineses hallado por Badajoz (Herakleion. Revista Interdisciplinar de Historia y Arqueología del Mediterráneo 7, pp. 29-51. CCHS-CSIC y CEFYP).</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Presentamos a continuación un conjunto monetal de plata formado por dishekels y shekels hispano-cartagineses que debieron aparecer por la provincia de Badajoz. Todas las piezas, las cuales se caracterizan por tener perforaciones... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_11791696" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Presentamos a continuación un conjunto monetal de plata formado por dishekels y shekels hispano-cartagineses que debieron aparecer por la provincia de Badajoz. Todas las piezas, las cuales se caracterizan por tener perforaciones ejecutadas en la época, corresponden a una lógica e intencionada ocultación por parte de algún soldado alistado en el ejército cartaginés. Al no poseer el tan apreciado contexto arqueológico en el que apareció, asumiremos un lugar de procedencia, aunque se hará evidente el marco histórico en el que se encuadrará: la incursión protagonizada por Aníbal en la Meseta peninsular. Y abordaremos, de igual modo, ciertas precisiones cronológicas e icono-estilísticas respecto a las piezas de este conjunto.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/11791696" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="25cec5737edf4ff07efff9512161c1c0" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":65603371,"asset_id":11791696,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/65603371/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2MzMxMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1480936" href="https://uv.academia.edu/DavidMart%C3%ADnezChico">David Martínez-Chico</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1480936" type="text/json">{"id":1480936,"first_name":"David","last_name":"Martínez-Chico","domain_name":"uv","page_name":"DavidMartínezChico","display_name":"David Martínez-Chico","profile_url":"https://uv.academia.edu/DavidMart%C3%ADnezChico?f_ri=433740","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1480936/528496/35540202/s65_david.mart_nez-chico.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_11791696 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="11791696"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 11791696, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_11791696", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=11791696]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_11791696").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_11791696").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="11791696"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7282" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Numismatics">Numismatics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7282" type="text/json">{"id":7282,"name":"Numismatics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Numismatics?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="17987" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_numismatics_Archaeology_">Ancient numismatics (Archaeology)</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="17987" type="text/json">{"id":17987,"name":"Ancient numismatics (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_numismatics_Archaeology_?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="33080" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phoenician_Punic_Archaeology">Phoenician Punic Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="33080" type="text/json">{"id":33080,"name":"Phoenician Punic Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phoenician_Punic_Archaeology?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="196435" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Iberian_Numismatics">Ancient Iberian Numismatics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="196435" type="text/json">{"id":196435,"name":"Ancient Iberian Numismatics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Iberian_Numismatics?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=11791696]'), work: {"id":11791696,"title":"Un tesoro de dishekels y shekels hispano-cartagineses hallado por Badajoz (Herakleion. Revista Interdisciplinar de Historia y Arqueología del Mediterráneo 7, pp. 29-51. CCHS-CSIC y CEFYP).","created_at":"2015-04-04T08:57:42.538-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/11791696/Un_tesoro_de_dishekels_y_shekels_hispano_cartagineses_hallado_por_Badajoz_Herakleion_Revista_Interdisciplinar_de_Historia_y_Arqueolog%C3%ADa_del_Mediterr%C3%A1neo_7_pp_29_51_CCHS_CSIC_y_CEFYP_?f_ri=433740","dom_id":"work_11791696","summary":"Presentamos a continuación un conjunto monetal de plata formado por dishekels y shekels hispano-cartagineses que debieron aparecer por la provincia de Badajoz. Todas las piezas, las cuales se caracterizan por tener perforaciones ejecutadas en la época, corresponden a una lógica e intencionada ocultación por parte de algún soldado alistado en el ejército cartaginés. Al no poseer el tan apreciado contexto arqueológico en el que apareció, asumiremos un lugar de procedencia, aunque se hará evidente el marco histórico en el que se encuadrará: la incursión protagonizada por Aníbal en la Meseta peninsular. Y abordaremos, de igual modo, ciertas precisiones cronológicas e icono-estilísticas respecto a las piezas de este conjunto.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":65603371,"asset_id":11791696,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1480936,"first_name":"David","last_name":"Martínez-Chico","domain_name":"uv","page_name":"DavidMartínezChico","display_name":"David Martínez-Chico","profile_url":"https://uv.academia.edu/DavidMart%C3%ADnezChico?f_ri=433740","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1480936/528496/35540202/s65_david.mart_nez-chico.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":7282,"name":"Numismatics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Numismatics?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false},{"id":17987,"name":"Ancient numismatics (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_numismatics_Archaeology_?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false},{"id":33080,"name":"Phoenician Punic Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phoenician_Punic_Archaeology?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false},{"id":196435,"name":"Ancient Iberian Numismatics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Iberian_Numismatics?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false},{"id":433740,"name":"The Punic Wars (Hannibal and Hamilcar)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Punic_Wars_Hannibal_and_Hamilcar_?f_ri=433740"},{"id":951143,"name":"Archeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archeology?f_ri=433740"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_20084858" data-work_id="20084858" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/20084858/_Lions_led_by_donkeys_an_analysis_of_Roman_generalship_during_the_Second_Punic_War">"Lions led by donkeys"; an analysis of Roman generalship during the Second Punic War</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The Second Punic War contained some of the most famous battles to occur in the ancient world with armies led by two of histories most brilliant generals. But there was more to the Second Punic War; over the course of a war that lasted... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_20084858" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The Second Punic War contained some of the most famous battles to occur in the ancient world with armies led by two of histories most brilliant generals. But there was more to the Second Punic War; over the course of a war that lasted sixteen years, hundreds of thousands of men were deployed and killed,  hundreds of men were appointed to positions of command and roughly fifty significant battle or military actions were fought. For a long period, Rome seemed helpless; Hannibal scored victory after victory over an apparently incompetent Roman military. But who was to blame for these defeats, and the subsequent turn around that saw Rome rise from the brink of defeat in 215BC to complete victory in 202BC? This paper will endeavour to answer that question.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/20084858" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="aeaac2c82e9d16813480d54a46f73c69" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":40998524,"asset_id":20084858,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/40998524/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2MzMxMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="20155060" href="https://swansea.academia.edu/JamesPresland">James Presland</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="20155060" type="text/json">{"id":20155060,"first_name":"James","last_name":"Presland","domain_name":"swansea","page_name":"JamesPresland","display_name":"James Presland","profile_url":"https://swansea.academia.edu/JamesPresland?f_ri=433740","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/20155060/5605591/10489052/s65_james.presland.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_20084858 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="20084858"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 20084858, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_20084858", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=20084858]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_20084858").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_20084858").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="20084858"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">13</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="829" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_History">Roman History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="829" type="text/json">{"id":829,"name":"Roman History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_History?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8531" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Republic">Roman Republic</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8531" type="text/json">{"id":8531,"name":"Roman Republic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Republic?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="18426" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_military_history">Roman military history</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="18426" type="text/json">{"id":18426,"name":"Roman military history","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_military_history?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="50554" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carthage_History_">Carthage (History)</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="50554" type="text/json">{"id":50554,"name":"Carthage (History)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carthage_History_?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=20084858]'), work: {"id":20084858,"title":"\"Lions led by donkeys\"; an analysis of Roman generalship during the Second Punic War","created_at":"2016-01-07T10:39:17.327-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/20084858/_Lions_led_by_donkeys_an_analysis_of_Roman_generalship_during_the_Second_Punic_War?f_ri=433740","dom_id":"work_20084858","summary":"The Second Punic War contained some of the most famous battles to occur in the ancient world with armies led by two of histories most brilliant generals. But there was more to the Second Punic War; over the course of a war that lasted sixteen years, hundreds of thousands of men were deployed and killed, hundreds of men were appointed to positions of command and roughly fifty significant battle or military actions were fought. For a long period, Rome seemed helpless; Hannibal scored victory after victory over an apparently incompetent Roman military. But who was to blame for these defeats, and the subsequent turn around that saw Rome rise from the brink of defeat in 215BC to complete victory in 202BC? This paper will endeavour to answer that question.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":40998524,"asset_id":20084858,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":20155060,"first_name":"James","last_name":"Presland","domain_name":"swansea","page_name":"JamesPresland","display_name":"James Presland","profile_url":"https://swansea.academia.edu/JamesPresland?f_ri=433740","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/20155060/5605591/10489052/s65_james.presland.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":829,"name":"Roman History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_History?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false},{"id":8531,"name":"Roman Republic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Republic?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false},{"id":18426,"name":"Roman military history","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_military_history?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false},{"id":50554,"name":"Carthage (History)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carthage_History_?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false},{"id":69792,"name":"Ancient Rome","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Rome?f_ri=433740"},{"id":78977,"name":"Second Punic War","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Second_Punic_War?f_ri=433740"},{"id":78979,"name":"Carthaginian Army","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carthaginian_Army?f_ri=433740"},{"id":251265,"name":"Hannibalic war. Publicani. Roman army. Roman Spain. Roman censors.","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hannibalic_war._Publicani._Roman_army._Roman_Spain._Roman_censors?f_ri=433740"},{"id":398640,"name":"Scipio Africanus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scipio_Africanus?f_ri=433740"},{"id":433740,"name":"The Punic Wars (Hannibal and Hamilcar)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Punic_Wars_Hannibal_and_Hamilcar_?f_ri=433740"},{"id":557897,"name":"Ancient Greek and Roman Military History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Greek_and_Roman_Military_History?f_ri=433740"},{"id":721203,"name":"Battle of Cannae","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Battle_of_Cannae?f_ri=433740"},{"id":786076,"name":"Hannibal Barca","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hannibal_Barca?f_ri=433740"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_2490421" data-work_id="2490421" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/2490421/La_campa%C3%B1a_contra_los_vacceos">La campaña contra los vacceos</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">RESUMEN: La campaña militar que llevó a cabo Aníbal en su segundo año de mandato en tierras hispanas ha sido objeto de múltiples debates en la historiografía. Eso a pesar de las escasas fuentes que nos hablan de la misma y lo reducido de... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_2490421" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">RESUMEN: <br />La campaña militar que llevó a cabo Aníbal en su segundo año de mandato en tierras hispanas ha sido objeto de múltiples debates en la historiografía. Eso a pesar de las escasas fuentes que nos hablan de la misma y lo reducido de estas. Se han aludido distintos motivos para explicar dicha campaña, desde los puramente políticos hasta los económicos, en esta intervención haremos un repaso de los mismos para a continuación dar una hipótesis alternativa sobre dicha expedición. <br /> <br />PALABRAS CLAVE: Aníbal, vacceos, campañas militares, <br /> <br />ABSTRACT: <br />The expedition carried out by Hannibal in his second year of mandate in Hispanic lands has been the subject of multiple debates in historiography, even though the sources that talk about it are scarce. Several reasons have been mentioned to explain this expedition, from the purely political to the economic ones. In this intervention a revision of these causes will be made in order to draw an alternative hypothesis about this expedition. <br /> <br />KEYWORDS: Hannibal, Vaccaei, military campaigns</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/2490421" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="0841db19f38cf7e7cecaaceb8f9837fd" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":53806919,"asset_id":2490421,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53806919/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2MzMxMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="243025" href="https://uned.academia.edu/SergioRemediosS%C3%A1nchez">Sergio Remedios Sánchez</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="243025" type="text/json">{"id":243025,"first_name":"Sergio","last_name":"Remedios Sánchez","domain_name":"uned","page_name":"SergioRemediosSánchez","display_name":"Sergio Remedios Sánchez","profile_url":"https://uned.academia.edu/SergioRemediosS%C3%A1nchez?f_ri=433740","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/243025/97365/35799627/s65_sergio.remedios_s_nchez.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_2490421 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="2490421"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 2490421, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_2490421", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2490421]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_2490421").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_2490421").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="2490421"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="50554" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carthage_History_">Carthage (History)</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="50554" type="text/json">{"id":50554,"name":"Carthage (History)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carthage_History_?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="78976" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Punic_Wars">Punic Wars</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="78976" type="text/json">{"id":78976,"name":"Punic Wars","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Punic_Wars?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="78977" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Second_Punic_War">Second Punic War</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="78977" type="text/json">{"id":78977,"name":"Second Punic War","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Second_Punic_War?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="78979" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carthaginian_Army">Carthaginian Army</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="78979" type="text/json">{"id":78979,"name":"Carthaginian Army","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carthaginian_Army?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=2490421]'), work: {"id":2490421,"title":"La campaña contra los vacceos","created_at":"2013-01-30T08:55:57.076-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/2490421/La_campa%C3%B1a_contra_los_vacceos?f_ri=433740","dom_id":"work_2490421","summary":"RESUMEN:\r\nLa campaña militar que llevó a cabo Aníbal en su segundo año de mandato en tierras hispanas ha sido objeto de múltiples debates en la historiografía. Eso a pesar de las escasas fuentes que nos hablan de la misma y lo reducido de estas. Se han aludido distintos motivos para explicar dicha campaña, desde los puramente políticos hasta los económicos, en esta intervención haremos un repaso de los mismos para a continuación dar una hipótesis alternativa sobre dicha expedición.\r\n\r\nPALABRAS CLAVE: Aníbal, vacceos, campañas militares, \r\n\r\nABSTRACT:\r\nThe expedition carried out by Hannibal in his second year of mandate in Hispanic lands has been the subject of multiple debates in historiography, even though the sources that talk about it are scarce. Several reasons have been mentioned to explain this expedition, from the purely political to the economic ones. In this intervention a revision of these causes will be made in order to draw an alternative hypothesis about this expedition.\r\n\r\nKEYWORDS: Hannibal, Vaccaei, military campaigns\r\n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":53806919,"asset_id":2490421,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":243025,"first_name":"Sergio","last_name":"Remedios Sánchez","domain_name":"uned","page_name":"SergioRemediosSánchez","display_name":"Sergio Remedios Sánchez","profile_url":"https://uned.academia.edu/SergioRemediosS%C3%A1nchez?f_ri=433740","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/243025/97365/35799627/s65_sergio.remedios_s_nchez.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":50554,"name":"Carthage (History)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carthage_History_?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false},{"id":78976,"name":"Punic Wars","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Punic_Wars?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false},{"id":78977,"name":"Second Punic War","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Second_Punic_War?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false},{"id":78979,"name":"Carthaginian Army","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carthaginian_Army?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false},{"id":131721,"name":"Hannibal","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hannibal?f_ri=433740"},{"id":403839,"name":"Vacceos","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vacceos?f_ri=433740"},{"id":433740,"name":"The Punic Wars (Hannibal and Hamilcar)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Punic_Wars_Hannibal_and_Hamilcar_?f_ri=433740"},{"id":672509,"name":"Hannibalic war","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hannibalic_war?f_ri=433740"},{"id":786076,"name":"Hannibal Barca","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hannibal_Barca?f_ri=433740"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_41080652" data-work_id="41080652" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/41080652/La_campa%C3%B1a_de_Anibal_en_la_meseta">La campaña de Anibal en la meseta</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Análisis de la campaña del año 220 a. C. que emprende Aníbal Barca al frente de las tropas cartaginesas al interior peninsular, a tierras vacceas. Revisión de las distintas interpretaciones y la problemática del itinerario seguido en la... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_41080652" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Análisis de la campaña del año 220 a. C. que emprende Aníbal Barca al frente de las tropas cartaginesas al interior peninsular, a tierras vacceas. Revisión de las distintas interpretaciones y la problemática del itinerario seguido en la expedición.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/41080652" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="7cc58776b58e6964eb85adf8cda10d80" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":61346392,"asset_id":41080652,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/61346392/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2MzMxMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="243025" href="https://uned.academia.edu/SergioRemediosS%C3%A1nchez">Sergio Remedios Sánchez</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="243025" type="text/json">{"id":243025,"first_name":"Sergio","last_name":"Remedios Sánchez","domain_name":"uned","page_name":"SergioRemediosSánchez","display_name":"Sergio Remedios Sánchez","profile_url":"https://uned.academia.edu/SergioRemediosS%C3%A1nchez?f_ri=433740","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/243025/97365/35799627/s65_sergio.remedios_s_nchez.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_41080652 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="41080652"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 41080652, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_41080652", }); 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C. que emprende Aníbal Barca al frente de las tropas cartaginesas al interior peninsular, a tierras vacceas. 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pass</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Careful study of (1) Polybius' and Livy's narrative methods in their accounts, and (2) their limited but crucial details of place and tribal names, and chronology--including Livy's misplaced reference to the river Durance--enables the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_9961888" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Careful study of (1) Polybius' and Livy's narrative methods in their accounts, and (2) their limited but crucial details of place and tribal names, and chronology--including Livy's misplaced reference to the river Durance--enables the likeliest route taken by Hannibal to cross the Alps into Italy to be identified at last.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item 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last.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":36108806,"asset_id":9961888,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2710236,"first_name":"Dexter","last_name":"Hoyos","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"DexterHoyos","display_name":"Dexter Hoyos","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/DexterHoyos?f_ri=433740","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":14734,"name":"Polybius","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polybius?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false},{"id":50554,"name":"Carthage (History)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carthage_History_?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false},{"id":64577,"name":"Elephants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Elephants?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false},{"id":78977,"name":"Second Punic War","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Second_Punic_War?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false},{"id":95242,"name":"Livy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Livy?f_ri=433740"},{"id":317136,"name":"Vocontii, Dea Augusta, Lucus Augusti","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vocontii_Dea_Augusta_Lucus_Augusti?f_ri=433740"},{"id":338293,"name":"Allobroges","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Allobroges?f_ri=433740"},{"id":433740,"name":"The Punic Wars (Hannibal and Hamilcar)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Punic_Wars_Hannibal_and_Hamilcar_?f_ri=433740"},{"id":616533,"name":"Roman Imperialism, Greek Hisoriography, Polybius","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Imperialism_Greek_Hisoriography_Polybius?f_ri=433740"},{"id":719716,"name":"Rhône River","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rhone_River?f_ri=433740"},{"id":1737338,"name":"Montgenèvre pass","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Montgen%C3%A8vre_pass?f_ri=433740"},{"id":1737339,"name":"Durance river","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Durance_river?f_ri=433740"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_39724668" data-work_id="39724668" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/39724668/Why_Was_Rome_able_to_defeat_Carthage_in_the_Second_Punic_War">Why Was Rome able to defeat Carthage in the Second Punic War?</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">My undergraduate dissertation that analyses how Rome was able to defeat Carthage during the Second Punic War (218-201 BC) using the concept of "Total Warfare". <br /><br />Grade: 1st</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/39724668" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f82322ff4a127250a695c07e8afe4b28" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":59900970,"asset_id":39724668,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/59900970/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2MzMxMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa 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InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="39724668"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 39724668; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=39724668]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_39724668").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_39724668").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="39724668"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="130" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_History">Ancient History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="130" type="text/json">{"id":130,"name":"Ancient History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_History?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="50554" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carthage_History_">Carthage (History)</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="50554" type="text/json">{"id":50554,"name":"Carthage (History)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carthage_History_?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="69792" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Rome">Ancient Rome</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="69792" type="text/json">{"id":69792,"name":"Ancient Rome","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Rome?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="78977" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Second_Punic_War">Second Punic War</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="78977" type="text/json">{"id":78977,"name":"Second Punic War","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Second_Punic_War?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=39724668]'), work: {"id":39724668,"title":"Why Was Rome able to defeat Carthage in the Second Punic War?","created_at":"2019-06-30T13:29:18.801-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/39724668/Why_Was_Rome_able_to_defeat_Carthage_in_the_Second_Punic_War?f_ri=433740","dom_id":"work_39724668","summary":"My undergraduate dissertation that analyses how Rome was able to defeat Carthage during the Second Punic War (218-201 BC) using the concept of \"Total Warfare\". \n\nGrade: 1st","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":59900970,"asset_id":39724668,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":58660401,"first_name":"Bill","last_name":"Cook","domain_name":"bham","page_name":"BillCook","display_name":"Bill Cook","profile_url":"https://bham.academia.edu/BillCook?f_ri=433740","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/58660401/15350330/16138084/s65_bill.cook.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":130,"name":"Ancient History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_History?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false},{"id":50554,"name":"Carthage (History)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carthage_History_?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false},{"id":69792,"name":"Ancient Rome","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Rome?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false},{"id":78977,"name":"Second Punic War","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Second_Punic_War?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false},{"id":379355,"name":"Total War","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Total_War?f_ri=433740"},{"id":433740,"name":"The Punic Wars (Hannibal and Hamilcar)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Punic_Wars_Hannibal_and_Hamilcar_?f_ri=433740"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_62712133" data-work_id="62712133" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/62712133/Appianos_Aleksandreus_ve_Cassius_Dio_Cocceianusa_g%C3%B6re_Roma_Kartaca_Sava%C5%9Flar%C4%B1">Appianos Aleksandreus ve Cassius Dio Cocceianus'a göre Roma-Kartaca Savaşları</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Bizler, tanrıların emirleriyle kurulmuş kadim bir kent hatırına, büyük şan ve şeref hatırına, tüm dünyaya yayılmış bir isim hatırına, tanrılara adanmış pek çok tapınakların hatırına yalvarıyoruz. Artık sizlere zararı dokunmayan ölülerin... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_62712133" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Bizler, tanrıların emirleriyle kurulmuş kadim bir kent hatırına, büyük şan ve şeref hatırına, tüm dünyaya yayılmış bir isim hatırına, tanrılara adanmış pek çok tapınakların hatırına yalvarıyoruz. Artık sizlere zararı dokunmayan ölülerin mezarlarını, çocuklarından gelen adaklardan mahrum etmeyin. Bizlere acıyorsanız; tapınaklarımızı, forumumuzu, meclisimize başkanlık eden tanrılarımızı koruyun. <br /><br />Kentleri yok olmanın eşiğindeki Kartacalılar, Romalılara böyle yalvarmıştı. İki taraf arasında, yıllarca sürecek amansız bir mücadeleye dönüşen üç büyük savaşın sonunda Kartaca kenti, hem kurulduğu bölgeden hem de tarih sahnesinden silinmekle kalmadı, âdeta kökleriyle beraber kazındı. Bu yakarıştan yaklaşık yetmiş sene evvel Annibal, İspanya ve İtalya’yı işgal etmiş, Roma'yı neredeyse yok olmanın eşiğine getirmişti. Annibal adı Avrupa’da dehşetin sembolü olmuş, Akdeniz ile Alpleri aşarak İtalya’ya taşınan filler, Roma Senatosu’nun ve lejyonlarının korkulu rüyası hâline dönüşmüştü. Publius Scipio Africanus, İkinci Roma-Kartaca Savaşı’nda mücadeleyi Afrika’ya taşıyarak Annibal’i etkisiz hâle getirdi. Yarım yüzyıl sonra da Scipio Aemilianus Kartaca’yı ortadan kaldırdı. Sehriye Şahin, Roma-Kartaca Savaşları adlı kitabında 118 yıl süren bu mücadeleyi, Roma’nın tutunma çabasını, Annibal’in Roma tarihyazımında değişen imgesini ve Kartaca’nın son direnişini dönemin önemli kaynakları arasında sayılan Appianos ve Cassius Dio’nun metinleri dışında, diğer çağdaş yazarların metinlerini de büyük bir titizlikle derleyerek bütün ayrıntılarıyla ortaya koyuyor.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/62712133" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ec1a800262525da918929d02b64f0ad7" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":75387822,"asset_id":62712133,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/75387822/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2MzMxMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="61615069" href="https://independent.academia.edu/Sehriye%C5%9Eahin">Sehriye Şahin</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="61615069" type="text/json">{"id":61615069,"first_name":"Sehriye","last_name":"Şahin","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SehriyeŞahin","display_name":"Sehriye Şahin","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/Sehriye%C5%9Eahin?f_ri=433740","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/61615069/37783480/57633944/s65_sehriye._ahin.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_62712133 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="62712133"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 62712133, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_62712133", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=62712133]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_62712133").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_62712133").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="62712133"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">20</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="128" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History">History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="128" type="text/json">{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2059" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Religion">History of Religion</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2059" type="text/json">{"id":2059,"name":"History of Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Religion?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3896" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_History">African History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3896" type="text/json">{"id":3896,"name":"African History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_History?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10494" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mediterranean">Mediterranean</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="10494" type="text/json">{"id":10494,"name":"Mediterranean","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mediterranean?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=62712133]'), work: {"id":62712133,"title":"Appianos Aleksandreus ve Cassius Dio Cocceianus'a göre Roma-Kartaca Savaşları","created_at":"2021-11-29T09:32:24.742-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/62712133/Appianos_Aleksandreus_ve_Cassius_Dio_Cocceianusa_g%C3%B6re_Roma_Kartaca_Sava%C5%9Flar%C4%B1?f_ri=433740","dom_id":"work_62712133","summary":"Bizler, tanrıların emirleriyle kurulmuş kadim bir kent hatırına, büyük şan ve şeref hatırına, tüm dünyaya yayılmış bir isim hatırına, tanrılara adanmış pek çok tapınakların hatırına yalvarıyoruz. Artık sizlere zararı dokunmayan ölülerin mezarlarını, çocuklarından gelen adaklardan mahrum etmeyin. Bizlere acıyorsanız; tapınaklarımızı, forumumuzu, meclisimize başkanlık eden tanrılarımızı koruyun. \n\nKentleri yok olmanın eşiğindeki Kartacalılar, Romalılara böyle yalvarmıştı. İki taraf arasında, yıllarca sürecek amansız bir mücadeleye dönüşen üç büyük savaşın sonunda Kartaca kenti, hem kurulduğu bölgeden hem de tarih sahnesinden silinmekle kalmadı, âdeta kökleriyle beraber kazındı. Bu yakarıştan yaklaşık yetmiş sene evvel Annibal, İspanya ve İtalya’yı işgal etmiş, Roma'yı neredeyse yok olmanın eşiğine getirmişti. Annibal adı Avrupa’da dehşetin sembolü olmuş, Akdeniz ile Alpleri aşarak İtalya’ya taşınan filler, Roma Senatosu’nun ve lejyonlarının korkulu rüyası hâline dönüşmüştü. Publius Scipio Africanus, İkinci Roma-Kartaca Savaşı’nda mücadeleyi Afrika’ya taşıyarak Annibal’i etkisiz hâle getirdi. Yarım yüzyıl sonra da Scipio Aemilianus Kartaca’yı ortadan kaldırdı. Sehriye Şahin, Roma-Kartaca Savaşları adlı kitabında 118 yıl süren bu mücadeleyi, Roma’nın tutunma çabasını, Annibal’in Roma tarihyazımında değişen imgesini ve Kartaca’nın son direnişini dönemin önemli kaynakları arasında sayılan Appianos ve Cassius Dio’nun metinleri dışında, diğer çağdaş yazarların metinlerini de büyük bir titizlikle derleyerek bütün ayrıntılarıyla ortaya koyuyor.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":75387822,"asset_id":62712133,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":61615069,"first_name":"Sehriye","last_name":"Şahin","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SehriyeŞahin","display_name":"Sehriye Şahin","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/Sehriye%C5%9Eahin?f_ri=433740","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/61615069/37783480/57633944/s65_sehriye._ahin.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false},{"id":2059,"name":"History of Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Religion?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false},{"id":3896,"name":"African History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_History?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false},{"id":10494,"name":"Mediterranean","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mediterranean?f_ri=433740","nofollow":false},{"id":18076,"name":"Early Rome","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Rome?f_ri=433740"},{"id":18121,"name":"Imperial Rome","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Imperial_Rome?f_ri=433740"},{"id":21652,"name":"Cassius Dio","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cassius_Dio?f_ri=433740"},{"id":22878,"name":"Ancient Greek History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Greek_History?f_ri=433740"},{"id":50554,"name":"Carthage (History)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carthage_History_?f_ri=433740"},{"id":52074,"name":"Ancient Greek Language","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Greek_Language?f_ri=433740"},{"id":69792,"name":"Ancient Rome","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Rome?f_ri=433740"},{"id":78976,"name":"Punic Wars","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Punic_Wars?f_ri=433740"},{"id":88760,"name":"Classics: Ancient History and Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Classics_Ancient_History_and_Archaeology?f_ri=433740"},{"id":121568,"name":"Ancient Carthage","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Carthage?f_ri=433740"},{"id":251265,"name":"Hannibalic war. Publicani. Roman army. Roman Spain. Roman censors.","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hannibalic_war._Publicani._Roman_army._Roman_Spain._Roman_censors?f_ri=433740"},{"id":398640,"name":"Scipio Africanus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scipio_Africanus?f_ri=433740"},{"id":433740,"name":"The Punic Wars (Hannibal and Hamilcar)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Punic_Wars_Hannibal_and_Hamilcar_?f_ri=433740"},{"id":571394,"name":"Carthage and Numidia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carthage_and_Numidia?f_ri=433740"},{"id":721366,"name":"Appian of Alexandria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Appian_of_Alexandria?f_ri=433740"},{"id":1701739,"name":"Gallia Cisalpina","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gallia_Cisalpina?f_ri=433740"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_5147230" data-work_id="5147230" itemscope="itemscope" 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Un viaggio", catalogo della mostra (Barletta, 2 agosto 2016-22 gennaio 2017), Adrias 13, Edipuglia 2016</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Questo catalogo raccoglie i testi che hanno accompagnato il percorso della mostra Annibale. Un viaggio tenuta nel Castello di Barletta nel 2016 in occasione dell’anniversario della battaglia di Canne (2 agosto 216 a.C.). Saggi e schede... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_29774721" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Questo catalogo raccoglie i testi che hanno accompagnato il percorso della mostra Annibale. Un viaggio tenuta nel Castello di Barletta nel 2016 in occasione dell’anniversario della battaglia di Canne (2 agosto 216 a.C.). Saggi e schede approfondiscono tematiche legate alla vita, alla cultura e alla straordinaria impresa del generale punico Annibale Barca, uno dei più grandi condottieri dell’antichità, figura storica di riferimento nel contesto mediterraneo del III e II secolo a.C.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/29774721" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="acbf834a799978dca3ad8a02a02616e1" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":50226317,"asset_id":29774721,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50226317/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2MzMxMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4989364" href="https://independent.academia.edu/edipugliait">EDIPUGLIA srl</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4989364" type="text/json">{"id":4989364,"first_name":"EDIPUGLIA","last_name":"srl","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"edipugliait","display_name":"EDIPUGLIA srl","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/edipugliait?f_ri=433740","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4989364/2162441/17928562/s65_edipuglia.srl.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_29774721 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="29774721"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 29774721, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_29774721", }); 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