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class="nav-item"> <a href="https://unesdoc.unesco.org/collections/governing-bodies/executive-board" class="nav-link">Executive Board documents</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000378083_eng" class="nav-link">Medium-Term Strategy for 2022-2029 (41 C/4)</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000389188" class="nav-link">Approved programme and budget 2024-2025 (42 C/5)</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"> <span class="nav-link dropdown-toggle">Resources</span><ul class="list-unstyled ms-3"><li class="nav-item"> <span class="nav-link dropdown-toggle">Documents</span><ul class="list-unstyled ms-3"><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://unesdoc.unesco.org/" class="nav-link">UNESDOC - Digital library</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="http://www.unesco.org/artcollection/jsps/welcome.jsp" class="nav-link">Art Collection</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/archives/multimedia/" class="nav-link">Multimedia archives</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/archives" class="nav-link">Archives</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://courier.unesco.org/en" class="nav-link">UNESCO Courier</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/131897504@N08/albums" class="nav-link">Official Photo Gallery</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/legal-affairs/basictexts" class="nav-link">Basic Texts</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"> <span class="nav-link dropdown-toggle">Databases and Statistics</span><ul class="list-unstyled ms-3"><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://core.unesco.org/en/home" class="nav-link">Core data portal</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/key-data" class="nav-link">key data</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/safety-journalists/observatory" class="nav-link">Observatory of killed Journalists</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="http://uis.unesco.org/" class="nav-link">UNESCO Institute for Statistics</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.education-inequalities.org/" class="nav-link">World Inequality Database on Education</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/classroom" class="nav-link dropdown-toggle">UNESCO Classroom</a><ul class="list-unstyled ms-3"><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/campus" class="nav-link">UNESCO Campus</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://shop.unesco.org/en" class="nav-link">UNESCO Shop</a></li></ul></li></ul><div class="vocabulary--websites"><span class="title nav-link">All UNESCO websites</span><div class="right"><input aria-label="Search for a site or UNESCO entity" class="dynamic-search" placeholder="Search for a site or UNESCO entity" type="search" /><div class="wrapper-websites"><div data-letter="B" data-nid="419205" id="taxonomy-term-419205" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/biennaleluanda/2021/en" title="Biennale of Luanda" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">Biennale of Luanda</div><div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-description field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Pan-African Forum for the Culture of Peace</p></div></div> </a></div><div data-letter="C" data-nid="426910" id="taxonomy-term-426910" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="https://core.unesco.org" title="Core Data Portal" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">Core Data Portal</div><div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-description field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Public access to information is a key component of UNESCO's commitment to transparency and its accountability.</p></div></div> </a></div><div data-letter="D" data-nid="434937" id="taxonomy-term-434937" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"><div class="content"><div class="title">Decade of Action for Cryospheric Sciences, 2025–2034</div></div></div><div data-letter="D" data-nid="426556" id="taxonomy-term-426556" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/creativity/en" title="Diversity of Cultural Expressions (2005 Convention)" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">Diversity of Cultural Expressions (2005 Convention)</div><div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-description field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Based on human rights and fundamental freedoms, the 2005 Convention ultimately provides <strong>a new framework for informed, transparent and </strong></p></div></div> </a></div><div data-letter="E" data-nid="423651" id="taxonomy-term-423651" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/interculturaldialogue/en" title="E-platform on Intercultural Dialogue" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">E-platform on Intercultural Dialogue</div><div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-description field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>UNESCO’s e-Platform on intercultural dialogue is designed for organizations and individuals to learn from shared knowledge or experiences from infl</p></div></div> </a></div><div data-letter="G" data-nid="434693" id="taxonomy-term-434693" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"><div class="content"><div class="title">GEM-reports</div></div></div><div data-letter="G" data-nid="423648" id="taxonomy-term-423648" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/gem-report/en" title="Global Education Monitoring Report (GEM Report)" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">Global Education Monitoring Report (GEM Report)</div><div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-description field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Established in 2002, the GEM Report is an editorially independent report, hosted and published by UNESCO.</p></div></div> </a></div><div data-letter="I" data-nid="426122" id="taxonomy-term-426122" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="https://ich.unesco.org/en/" title="Intangible Culture Heritage (ICH)" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">Intangible Culture Heritage (ICH)</div></div> </a></div><div data-letter="I" data-nid="429335" id="taxonomy-term-429335" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"><div class="content"><div class="title">Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO (IOC)</div></div></div><div data-letter="I" data-nid="434571" id="taxonomy-term-434571" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"><div class="content"><div class="title">International Decade of Sciences for Sustainable Development</div></div></div><div data-letter="I" data-nid="434394" id="taxonomy-term-434394" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"><div class="content"><div class="title">International Year of Glaciers</div></div></div><div data-letter="M" data-nid="419206" id="taxonomy-term-419206" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/mab/50anniversary/en" title="Man and the Biosphere - 50th Anniversary" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">Man and the Biosphere - 50th Anniversary</div></div> </a></div><div data-letter="R" data-nid="423647" id="taxonomy-term-423647" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/reports/access-to-information/2021/en" title="Report on Public Access to Information (SDG 16.10.2) 2021" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">Report on Public Access to Information (SDG 16.10.2) 2021</div><div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-description field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>To recovery and beyond: The report takes stock of the global progress on the adoption and implementation of legal guarantees on Access to Info</p></div></div> </a></div><div data-letter="R" data-nid="423806" id="taxonomy-term-423806" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/reports/reshaping-creativity/2022/en" title="Reshaping Policies for Creativity - 2022 Report" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">Reshaping Policies for Creativity - 2022 Report</div><div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-description field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Addressing culture as a global public good</p></div></div> </a></div><div data-letter="S" data-nid="419207" id="taxonomy-term-419207" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/reports/science/2021/en" title="Science Report 2021" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">Science Report 2021</div></div> </a></div><div data-letter="S" data-nid="432195" id="taxonomy-term-432195" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"><div class="content"><div class="title">Spotlight Children (GEM campaign)</div></div></div><div data-letter="T" data-nid="423658" id="taxonomy-term-423658" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="https://courier.unesco.org/en" title="The UNESCO Courier" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">The UNESCO Courier</div><div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-description field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>For almost 75 years, <em>the UNESCO Courier</em> has served as a platform for international debates on issues that concern the entire pla</p></div></div> </a></div><div data-letter="U" data-nid="428474" id="taxonomy-term-428474" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/reports/safety-journalists/2022/en" title="UNESCO Director-General's Report on the Safety of Journalists and the Danger of Impunity 2022" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">UNESCO Director-General's Report on the Safety of Journalists and the Danger of Impunity 2022</div></div> </a></div><div data-letter="U" data-nid="419208" id="taxonomy-term-419208" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="https://www.uil.unesco.org/" title="UNESCO Institute for Lifelong Learning (UIL)" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">UNESCO Institute for Lifelong Learning (UIL)</div><div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-description field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Lifelong learning is key to overcoming global challenges and to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals.</p></div></div> </a></div><div data-letter="U" data-nid="434368" id="taxonomy-term-434368" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"><div class="content"><div class="title">UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS)</div></div></div><div data-letter="U" data-nid="428475" id="taxonomy-term-428475" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="https://www.ibe.unesco.org/" title="UNESCO International Bureau of Education" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">UNESCO International Bureau of Education</div></div> </a></div><div data-letter="U" data-nid="423652" id="taxonomy-term-423652" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="http://www.iiep.unesco.org/" title="UNESCO International Institute for Educational Planning (IIEP)" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">UNESCO International Institute for Educational Planning (IIEP)</div></div> </a></div><div data-letter="U" data-nid="425968" id="taxonomy-term-425968" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="https://www.iesalc.unesco.org/" title="UNESCO International Institute for Higher Education in Latin America and the Caribbean (IESALC)" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">UNESCO International Institute for Higher Education in Latin America and the Caribbean (IESALC)</div></div> </a></div><div data-letter="U" data-nid="429336" id="taxonomy-term-429336" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="https://www.iicba.unesco.org/en" title="UNESCO's International Institute for Capacity Building in Africa (IICBA)" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">UNESCO's International Institute for Capacity Building in Africa (IICBA)</div></div> </a></div><div data-letter="U" data-nid="418330" id="taxonomy-term-418330" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org" title="UNESCO.org" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">UNESCO.org</div><div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-description field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Main UNESCO website</p></div></div> </a></div><div data-letter="U" data-nid="424690" id="taxonomy-term-424690" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="https://unesdoc.unesco.org/" title="UNESDOC" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">UNESDOC</div><div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-description field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>UNESCO Digital Library website.</p></div></div> </a></div><div data-letter="V" data-nid="434950" id="taxonomy-term-434950" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"><div class="content"><div class="title">Virtual Museum for Stolen art</div></div></div><div data-letter="V" data-nid="434861" id="taxonomy-term-434861" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"><div class="content"><div class="title">Virtual Science Museum</div></div></div><div data-letter="W" data-nid="419210" id="taxonomy-term-419210" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="https://whc.unesco.org/" title="World Heritage Convention (WHC)" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">World Heritage Convention (WHC)</div></div> </a></div><div data-letter="W" data-nid="423642" id="taxonomy-term-423642" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/reports/world-media-trends/2021/en" title="World Trends in Freedom of Expression and Media Development - Global Report 2021-2022" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">World Trends in Freedom of Expression and Media Development - Global Report 2021-2022</div></div> </a></div><div data-letter="W" data-nid="433913" id="taxonomy-term-433913" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"><div class="content"><div class="title">World Water Development Report</div></div></div><div data-letter="W" data-nid="419204" id="taxonomy-term-419204" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="http://www.unesco.org/reports/wwdr/2021/en" title="World Water Development Report 2021" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">World Water Development Report 2021</div><div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-description field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>The Value of water</p></div></div> </a></div><div data-letter="W" data-nid="423807" id="taxonomy-term-423807" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/reports/wwdr/2022/en" title="World Water Development Report 2022" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">World Water Development Report 2022</div><div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-description field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Groundwater, making the invisible visible</p></div></div> </a></div><div data-letter="W" data-nid="433448" id="taxonomy-term-433448" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/reports/wwdr/2023/en" title="World Water Development Report 2023" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">World Water Development Report 2023</div></div> </a></div></div></div></div> </nav></div></div></div><div class="dropdown block block-unesco-common 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data-drupal-link-system-path="node/66535">Español</a></li><li hreflang="ru" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/66535"><a href="/ru/legal-affairs" class="language-link" hreflang="ru" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/66535">Русский</a></li><li hreflang="zh" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/66535"><a href="/zh/legal-affairs" class="language-link" hreflang="zh" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/66535">中文</a></li></ul></div></div></div></div> <button class="navbar-toggler" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#navbarNav" aria-controls="navbarNav" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> </button></div><div class="sub-header"><div class="region region-sub-header row"><div class="site-name-wrapper block block-unesco-common block-unesco-common-site-name" id="block-unescositename"> <a href="/en" data-block="sub_header"><p class="site-name js-site-name">UNESCO</p></a></div><nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="block-mainnavigation-menu" id="block-mainnavigation" class="block block-menu navigation menu--main navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-dark col"><h5 class="visually-hidden" id="block-mainnavigation-menu">Main navigation</h5><div class="main-navigation collapse navbar-collapse" id="navbarNav"><ul data-region="sub_header" data-block="sub_header" class="menu nav navbar-nav menu-level-0"><li class="menu-item nav-item"> <span class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" data-bs-toggle="dropdown-menu" title="Expand menu Expertise">Expertise</span><div class="big menu_link_content menu-link-contentmain view-mode-level-0 dropdown-menu bg-primary menu-dropdown-0 menu-type-level_0"><div class="row submenu-wrapper"><div class="left-wrapper col-lg-3 col-md-12"><div class="field field--name-field-description field--type-string-long field--label-hidden field__item">We bring people and nations together through education, culture and science.</div><div class="field field--name-field-links field--type-link field--label-hidden menu-links field__items"><div class="field__item menu-link"><a class="btn btn-secondary" href="https://www.unesco.org/en/brief">In brief </a></div><div class="field__item menu-link"><a class="btn btn-secondary" href="https://www.unesco.org/en/our-expertise">Fields of expertise</a></div></div></div><div class="right-wrapper col-lg-9 col-md-12"><div class="main-navigation collapse navbar-collapse" id="navbarNav"><ul class="menu nav navbar-nav menu-level-1"><li class="menu-item nav-item"> <a href="/en/education" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/343">Education</a><div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmain view-mode-level-1 level-1-submenu"> <a href="/en/education" class="submenu"><div class="submenu-big card card-overlay"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2023-03/nav-xl_education.jpg.webp?itok=x-2JnE-E 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/webp" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2023-03/nav-xl_education.jpg.webp?itok=7jP-E9zR 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2023-03/nav-xl_education.jpg.webp?itok=9iNDYP43 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/webp" width="327" height="144"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2023-03/nav-xl_education.jpg?itok=x-2JnE-E 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/jpeg" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2023-03/nav-xl_education.jpg?itok=7jP-E9zR 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2023-03/nav-xl_education.jpg?itok=9iNDYP43 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/jpeg" width="327" height="144"/> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2023-03/nav-xl_education.jpg?itok=9iNDYP43" width="327" height="144" alt="" loading="lazy" class="img-fluid" /> </picture><span class="submenu-text">Education</span></div></a></div></li><li class="menu-item nav-item"> <a href="/en/natural-sciences" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/348">Natural Sciences</a><div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmain view-mode-level-1 level-1-submenu"> <a href="/en/natural-sciences" class="submenu"><div class="submenu-big card card-overlay"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2021-12/GettyImages-658909968.jpg.webp?itok=8OFFxniV 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/webp" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2021-12/GettyImages-658909968.jpg.webp?itok=4yKNW5nh 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2021-12/GettyImages-658909968.jpg.webp?itok=bR82khz0 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/webp" width="327" height="144"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2021-12/GettyImages-658909968.jpg?itok=8OFFxniV 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/jpeg" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2021-12/GettyImages-658909968.jpg?itok=4yKNW5nh 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2021-12/GettyImages-658909968.jpg?itok=bR82khz0 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/jpeg" width="327" height="144"/> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2021-12/GettyImages-658909968.jpg?itok=bR82khz0" width="327" height="144" alt="" loading="lazy" class="img-fluid" /> </picture><span class="submenu-text">Natural Sciences</span></div></a></div></li><li class="menu-item nav-item"> <a href="/en/social-human-sciences" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/355">Social and Human Sciences</a><div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmain view-mode-level-1 level-1-submenu"> <a href="/en/social-human-sciences" class="submenu"><div class="submenu-big card card-overlay"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2022-05/shshomepage_bjdega_1800px_0.jpg.webp?itok=TON1PwxI 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/webp" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2022-05/shshomepage_bjdega_1800px_0.jpg.webp?itok=jlLrg54V 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2022-05/shshomepage_bjdega_1800px_0.jpg.webp?itok=UwcY6N7R 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/webp" width="327" height="144"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2022-05/shshomepage_bjdega_1800px_0.jpg?itok=TON1PwxI 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/jpeg" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2022-05/shshomepage_bjdega_1800px_0.jpg?itok=jlLrg54V 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2022-05/shshomepage_bjdega_1800px_0.jpg?itok=UwcY6N7R 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/jpeg" width="327" height="144"/> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2022-05/shshomepage_bjdega_1800px_0.jpg?itok=UwcY6N7R" width="327" height="144" alt="" loading="lazy" class="img-fluid" /> </picture><span class="submenu-text">Social and Human Sciences</span></div></a></div></li><li class="menu-item nav-item"> <a href="/en/culture" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/365">Culture</a><div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmain view-mode-level-1 level-1-submenu"> <a href="/en/culture" class="submenu"><div class="submenu-big card card-overlay"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2021-11/pexels-min-an-1313814_1.jpg.webp?itok=QF7jhyJn 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/webp" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2021-11/pexels-min-an-1313814_1.jpg.webp?itok=AJiKPw_s 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2021-11/pexels-min-an-1313814_1.jpg.webp?itok=l4IXwyaA 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/webp" width="327" height="144"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2021-11/pexels-min-an-1313814_1.jpg?itok=QF7jhyJn 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/jpeg" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2021-11/pexels-min-an-1313814_1.jpg?itok=AJiKPw_s 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2021-11/pexels-min-an-1313814_1.jpg?itok=l4IXwyaA 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/jpeg" width="327" height="144"/> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2021-11/pexels-min-an-1313814_1.jpg?itok=l4IXwyaA" width="327" height="144" alt="" loading="lazy" class="img-fluid" /> </picture><span class="submenu-text">Culture</span></div></a></div></li><li class="menu-item nav-item"> <a href="/en/communication-information" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/370">Communication and Information</a><div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmain view-mode-level-1 level-1-submenu"> <a href="/en/communication-information" class="submenu"><div class="submenu-big card card-overlay"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2023-10/thumb-nav_ci_02.jpg.webp?itok=rFKs9Tn- 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/webp" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2023-10/thumb-nav_ci_02.jpg.webp?itok=7JFolXkz 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2023-10/thumb-nav_ci_02.jpg.webp?itok=nmTXrewH 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/webp" width="327" height="144"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2023-10/thumb-nav_ci_02.jpg?itok=rFKs9Tn- 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/jpeg" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2023-10/thumb-nav_ci_02.jpg?itok=7JFolXkz 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2023-10/thumb-nav_ci_02.jpg?itok=nmTXrewH 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/jpeg" width="327" height="144"/> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2023-10/thumb-nav_ci_02.jpg?itok=nmTXrewH" width="327" height="144" alt="" loading="lazy" class="img-fluid" /> </picture><span class="submenu-text">Communication and Information</span></div></a></div></li><li class="menu-item nav-item"> <a href="/en/ocean" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/66813">Ocean</a><div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmain view-mode-level-1 level-1-submenu"> <a href="/en/ocean" class="submenu"><div class="submenu-big card card-overlay"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2023-02/nv-xl_ioc_01.png.jpg.webp?itok=eA7fPDdT 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/webp" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2023-02/nv-xl_ioc_01.png.jpg.webp?itok=FMazsMgf 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2023-02/nv-xl_ioc_01.png.jpg.webp?itok=ebYpBv7V 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/webp" width="327" height="144"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2023-02/nv-xl_ioc_01.png.jpg?itok=eA7fPDdT 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/jpeg" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2023-02/nv-xl_ioc_01.png.jpg?itok=FMazsMgf 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2023-02/nv-xl_ioc_01.png.jpg?itok=ebYpBv7V 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/jpeg" width="327" height="144"/> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2023-02/nv-xl_ioc_01.png.jpg?itok=ebYpBv7V" width="327" height="144" alt="" loading="lazy" class="img-fluid" /> </picture><span class="submenu-text">Ocean</span></div></a></div></li><li class="menu-item nav-item"> <a href="/en/africa" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/180364">Priority Africa</a><div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmain view-mode-level-1 level-1-submenu"> <a href="/en/africa" class="submenu"><div class="submenu-big card card-overlay"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2025-03/priority-africa_menu.png.jpg.webp?itok=MZmVxeSR 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/webp" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2025-03/priority-africa_menu.png.jpg.webp?itok=2a9ta0kl 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2025-03/priority-africa_menu.png.jpg.webp?itok=nrRfiWpN 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/webp" width="327" height="144"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2025-03/priority-africa_menu.png.jpg?itok=MZmVxeSR 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/jpeg" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2025-03/priority-africa_menu.png.jpg?itok=2a9ta0kl 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2025-03/priority-africa_menu.png.jpg?itok=nrRfiWpN 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/jpeg" width="327" height="144"/> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2025-03/priority-africa_menu.png.jpg?itok=nrRfiWpN" width="327" height="144" alt="" loading="lazy" class="img-fluid" /> </picture><span class="submenu-text">Priority Africa</span></div></a></div></li><li class="menu-item nav-item"> <a href="/en/gender-equality" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/375">Priority Gender Equality</a><div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmain view-mode-level-1 level-1-submenu"> <a href="/en/gender-equality" class="submenu"><div class="submenu-big card card-overlay"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2022-10/fitforlife_visual_1760px.jpg.webp?itok=3eGwBTMd 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/webp" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2022-10/fitforlife_visual_1760px.jpg.webp?itok=pNvHFbln 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2022-10/fitforlife_visual_1760px.jpg.webp?itok=W_pITCCx 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/webp" width="327" height="144"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2022-10/fitforlife_visual_1760px.jpg?itok=3eGwBTMd 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/jpeg" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2022-10/fitforlife_visual_1760px.jpg?itok=pNvHFbln 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2022-10/fitforlife_visual_1760px.jpg?itok=W_pITCCx 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/jpeg" width="327" height="144"/> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2022-10/fitforlife_visual_1760px.jpg?itok=W_pITCCx" width="327" height="144" alt="" loading="lazy" class="img-fluid" /> </picture><span class="submenu-text">Priority Gender Equality</span></div></a></div></li></ul></div></div></div></div></li><li class="menu-item nav-item"> <span class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" data-bs-toggle="dropdown-menu" title="Expand menu Impact">Impact</span><div class="big menu_link_content menu-link-contentmain view-mode-level-0 dropdown-menu bg-primary menu-dropdown-0 menu-type-level_0"><div class="row submenu-wrapper"><div class="left-wrapper col-lg-3 col-md-12"><div class="field field--name-field-description field--type-string-long field--label-hidden field__item">Discover UNESCO's impact around the world and the organisation's endeavour to build durable peace.</div><div class="field field--name-field-links field--type-link field--label-hidden menu-links field__items"><div class="field__item menu-link"><a class="btn btn-secondary" href="/en/brief/impact">Our impact</a></div><div class="field__item menu-link"><a class="btn btn-secondary" href="/en/strategic-objectives">Strategic objectives</a></div></div></div><div class="right-wrapper col-lg-9 col-md-12"><div class="main-navigation collapse navbar-collapse" id="navbarNav"><ul class="menu nav navbar-nav menu-level-1"><li class="menu-item nav-item"> <a href="/en/legal-affairs" class="nav-link is-active" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/66535" aria-current="page">International standards and legal texts</a><div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmain view-mode-level-1 level-1-submenu"> <a href="/en/legal-affairs" class="submenu"><div class="submenu-big card card-overlay"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/article/2022-12/shutterstock_380912410.jpg.webp?itok=fidV3cf2 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/webp" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/article/2022-12/shutterstock_380912410.jpg.webp?itok=WOO2cp6E 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/article/2022-12/shutterstock_380912410.jpg.webp?itok=jOxaLUqt 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/webp" width="327" height="144"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/article/2022-12/shutterstock_380912410.jpg?itok=fidV3cf2 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/jpeg" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/article/2022-12/shutterstock_380912410.jpg?itok=WOO2cp6E 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/article/2022-12/shutterstock_380912410.jpg?itok=jOxaLUqt 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/jpeg" width="327" height="144"/> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/article/2022-12/shutterstock_380912410.jpg?itok=jOxaLUqt" width="327" height="144" alt="" loading="lazy" class="img-fluid" /> </picture><span class="submenu-text">International standards and legal texts</span></div></a></div></li><li class="menu-item nav-item"> <a href="/en/conventionslist" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/132604">Cooperation tools</a><div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmain view-mode-level-1 level-1-submenu"> <a href="/en/conventionslist" class="submenu"><div class="submenu-big card card-overlay"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2024-03/Card%20-%20publications.jpg.webp?itok=zbrrJ_X6 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/webp" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2024-03/Card%20-%20publications.jpg.webp?itok=27JGFEzT 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2024-03/Card%20-%20publications.jpg.webp?itok=Q9eBIetZ 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/webp" width="327" height="144"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2024-03/Card%20-%20publications.jpg?itok=zbrrJ_X6 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/jpeg" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2024-03/Card%20-%20publications.jpg?itok=27JGFEzT 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2024-03/Card%20-%20publications.jpg?itok=Q9eBIetZ 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/jpeg" width="327" height="144"/> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2024-03/Card%20-%20publications.jpg?itok=Q9eBIetZ" width="327" height="144" alt="" loading="lazy" class="img-fluid" /> </picture><span class="submenu-text">Cooperation tools</span></div></a></div></li><li class="menu-item nav-item"> <a href="/en/lists-designations" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/66210">Lists and designations</a><div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmain view-mode-level-1 level-1-submenu"> <a href="/en/lists-designations" class="submenu"><div class="submenu-big card card-overlay"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2021-10/machu%20pichu%20shutterstock.jpg.webp?itok=Fc3usDtM 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/webp" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2021-10/machu%20pichu%20shutterstock.jpg.webp?itok=uXr_LyOL 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2021-10/machu%20pichu%20shutterstock.jpg.webp?itok=4HpgjvB1 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/webp" width="327" height="144"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2021-10/machu%20pichu%20shutterstock.jpg?itok=Fc3usDtM 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/jpeg" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2021-10/machu%20pichu%20shutterstock.jpg?itok=uXr_LyOL 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2021-10/machu%20pichu%20shutterstock.jpg?itok=4HpgjvB1 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/jpeg" width="327" height="144"/> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2021-10/machu%20pichu%20shutterstock.jpg?itok=4HpgjvB1" width="327" height="144" alt="" loading="lazy" class="img-fluid" /> </picture><span class="submenu-text">Lists and designations</span></div></a></div></li><li class="menu-item nav-item"> <a href="/en/laboratory-ideas" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/745">Laboratory of Ideas</a><div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmain view-mode-level-1 level-1-submenu"> <a href="/en/laboratory-ideas" class="submenu"><div class="submenu-big card card-overlay"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2024-12/shutterstock_2284267021.jpg.webp?itok=nNRBWtj1 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/webp" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2024-12/shutterstock_2284267021.jpg.webp?itok=-jOgj8aF 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2024-12/shutterstock_2284267021.jpg.webp?itok=kDEShtYP 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/webp" width="327" height="144"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2024-12/shutterstock_2284267021.jpg?itok=nNRBWtj1 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/jpeg" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2024-12/shutterstock_2284267021.jpg?itok=-jOgj8aF 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2024-12/shutterstock_2284267021.jpg?itok=kDEShtYP 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/jpeg" width="327" height="144"/> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2024-12/shutterstock_2284267021.jpg?itok=kDEShtYP" width="327" height="144" alt="" loading="lazy" class="img-fluid" /> </picture><span class="submenu-text">Laboratory of Ideas</span></div></a></div></li></ul></div></div></div></div></li><li class="menu-item nav-item"> <span class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" data-bs-toggle="dropdown-menu" title="Expand menu Publications">Publications</span><div class="big menu_link_content menu-link-contentmain view-mode-level-0 dropdown-menu bg-primary menu-dropdown-0 menu-type-level_0"><div class="row submenu-wrapper"><div class="left-wrapper col-lg-3 col-md-12"><div class="field field--name-field-description field--type-string-long field--label-hidden field__item">UNESCO is the United Nations Laboratory of Ideas. Find the latest ideas, publications and reports.</div><div class="field field--name-field-links field--type-link field--label-hidden menu-links field__items"><div class="field__item menu-link"><a class="btn btn-secondary" href="https://www.unesco.org/en/ideas-data">Laboratory of Ideas</a></div></div></div><div class="right-wrapper col-lg-9 col-md-12"><div class="main-navigation collapse navbar-collapse" id="navbarNav"><ul class="menu nav navbar-nav menu-level-1"><li class="menu-item nav-item"> <a href="/en/publications" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/67076">Publications</a><div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmain view-mode-level-1 level-1-submenu"> <a href="/en/publications" class="submenu"><div class="submenu-big card card-overlay"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2022-03/shutterstock_268007354.jpg.webp?itok=fmvso0xW 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/webp" width="200" height="264"/> <source 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type="image/jpeg" width="327" height="144"/> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2022-03/shutterstock_268007354.jpg?itok=b2nzjvdK" width="327" height="144" alt="" loading="lazy" class="img-fluid" /> </picture><span class="submenu-text">Publications</span></div></a></div></li><li class="menu-item nav-item"> <a href="/en/key-data" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/969">Key data</a><div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmain view-mode-level-1 level-1-submenu"> <a href="/en/key-data" class="submenu"><div class="submenu-big card card-overlay"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2022-02/hero_ideas-data_01.png.jpg.webp?itok=YlQg13kC 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/webp" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2022-02/hero_ideas-data_01.png.jpg.webp?itok=eqvIwMhd 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" 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col-md-12"><div class="main-navigation collapse navbar-collapse" id="navbarNav"><ul class="menu nav navbar-nav menu-level-1"><li class="menu-item nav-item"> <a href="/en/studio" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1048">UNESCO studio</a><div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmain view-mode-level-1 level-1-submenu"> <a href="/en/studio" class="submenu"><div class="submenu-big card card-overlay"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2023-02/nav-xl_studio_01.jpg.webp?itok=ogaaa3Qw 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/webp" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2023-02/nav-xl_studio_01.jpg.webp?itok=i7MscBE4 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2023-02/nav-xl_studio_01.jpg.webp?itok=28Evj-SK 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/webp" width="327" height="144"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2023-02/nav-xl_studio_01.jpg?itok=ogaaa3Qw 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/jpeg" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2023-02/nav-xl_studio_01.jpg?itok=i7MscBE4 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2023-02/nav-xl_studio_01.jpg?itok=28Evj-SK 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/jpeg" width="327" height="144"/> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2023-02/nav-xl_studio_01.jpg?itok=28Evj-SK" width="327" height="144" alt="" loading="lazy" class="img-fluid" /> </picture><span class="submenu-text">UNESCO studio</span></div></a></div></li><li class="menu-item nav-item"> <a href="/en/podcasts" class="nav-link" 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srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2024-02/micrphone_unesco.jpg.webp?itok=13Bmwz6o 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/webp" width="327" height="144"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2024-02/micrphone_unesco.jpg?itok=5uXa3fy8 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/jpeg" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2024-02/micrphone_unesco.jpg?itok=z5yhcGW3 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2024-02/micrphone_unesco.jpg?itok=13Bmwz6o 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/jpeg" width="327" height="144"/> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2024-02/micrphone_unesco.jpg?itok=13Bmwz6o" width="327" height="144" alt="" loading="lazy" class="img-fluid" /> </picture><span 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Alix</div></div><div class="media--copyright field field--name-field-copyright field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item">UNESCO / C. Alix</div></div><div class="header-texts"><h1 class="title article-title">Legal Affairs</h1></div></div><div class="hub-menu-header hub-header-66535"><ul class="menu menu-lvl1"><li class="menu-item active"> <a href="/en/legal-affairs" hreflang="en">Home</a></li><li class="icon-external menu-item menu-item--expanded"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/legal-affairs/governing-bodies?hub=66535">Governing bodies</a><div class="lvl1-wrapper"><ul class="menu menu-lvl2"><li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/legal-affairs/governing-bodies" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/66574">Governing Bodies Homepage</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item--expanded"> <a href="/en/legal-affairs/governing-bodies#general-conference" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/66574">General Conference</a><ul class="menu menu-lvl3"><li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/legal-affairs/rules-procedure-gc" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/66538">Rules of Procedure of the General Conference</a></li><li class="menu-item"> 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data-drupal-link-system-path="node/66707">Programme</a></li><li class="menu-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/legal-affairs/other-legal-texts?hub=66535">All other legal texts</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></li><li class="icon-external menu-item menu-item--expanded"> <a href="http://www.unesco.org/node/66577">About us</a><div class="lvl1-wrapper"><ul class="menu menu-lvl2"><li class="menu-item menu-item--expanded"> <a href="/en/legal-affairs/oisla" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/66577">The Office of International Standards and Legal Affairs</a><ul class="menu menu-lvl3"><li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/legal-affairs/oisla#our-responsibilities" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/66577">Our responsibilities</a></li><li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/legal-affairs/oisla#our-priorities" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/66577">Our priorities</a></li><li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/legal-affairs/oisla#our-team" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/66577">Our team</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></li></ul></div></div><div ng-cloak="" ng-app="ods-widgets" class="field field--name-field-paragraphs field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-hidden field__items"><div class="field__item"><div id="" class="paragraph paragraph--type--rich-text paragraph--view-mode--default"><div class="rich-text clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-text field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p class="text-align-justify">The Office of International Standards and Legal Affairs provides centralized and independent legal advice to the General Conference, the Executive Board and other intergovernmental bodies, including those established under UNESCO Conventions, as well as to the Secretariat, Institutes and field offices of the Organization worldwide. It contributes to the normative mandate of the Organization and to the rule of law by interpreting UNESCO’s legal framework and providing legal service in the day-to-day implementation of its mandate.</p></div></div></div><div class="field__item"><div id="news" class="paragraph paragraph--type--content-list-custom-landing paragraph--view-mode--grid"><div class="field field--name-field-title field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item"><h2>News</h2></div><div class="field field--name-field-link field--type-link field--label-hidden field__item"><a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/tags/legal-affairs" class="btn btn-primary btn-arrow-right">All News (Legal Affairs)</a></div><div class="field field--name-field-ref-contents field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__items"><div class="field__item"><article class="media-small node node--type-article node--promoted node--view-mode-grid" data-terms-tags="423986 430015 430013" data-terms-univers="423986" data-letter="C" data-nid="180661"> <a href="/en/articles/congo-ratifies-2001-convention-protection-underwater-cultural-heritage" title="Congo ratifies the 2001 Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage "><div class="node__content"><div class="field field--name-field-ref-image field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item"><div class="media media--type-image media--view-mode-grid"><div class="field field--name-field-media-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/small_fixed/article/2023-01/LA%20C%202001.png.jpg.webp?itok=5bvwukK4 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/webp" width="289" height="192"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/content_list/article/2023-01/LA%20C%202001.png.jpg.webp?itok=kvDb6_yU 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="182" height="121"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/square_80/article/2023-01/LA%20C%202001.png.jpg.webp?itok=Waah-qjJ 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/webp" width="80" height="80"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/small_fixed/article/2023-01/LA%20C%202001.png.jpg?itok=5bvwukK4 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/jpeg" width="289" height="192"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/content_list/article/2023-01/LA%20C%202001.png.jpg?itok=kvDb6_yU 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="182" height="121"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/square_80/article/2023-01/LA%20C%202001.png.jpg?itok=Waah-qjJ 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/jpeg" width="80" height="80"/> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/square_80/article/2023-01/LA%20C%202001.png.jpg?itok=Waah-qjJ" width="80" height="80" alt="LA C 2001" title="LA C 2001" class="img-fluid" /> </picture></div></div></div><div class="wrapper"><p class="section-text is-arrow text-primary"><span>News</span></p><div class="title">Congo ratifies the 2001 Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage</div><span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden"><time datetime="2025-03-17T16:50:00+01:00" class="datetime">17 March 2025</time></span></div></div> </a> </article></div><div class="field__item"><article class="media-small node node--type-article node--promoted node--view-mode-grid" data-terms-tags="423986 430015 430013" data-terms-univers="423986" data-letter="M" data-nid="180660"> <a href="/en/articles/malta-accedes-1999-second-protocol-hague-convention-1954-protection-cultural-property-event-armed" title="Malta accedes to the 1999 Second Protocol to the Hague Convention of 1954 for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict"><div class="node__content"><div class="field field--name-field-ref-image field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item"><div class="media media--type-image media--view-mode-grid"><div class="field field--name-field-media-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/small_fixed/article/2023-01/LA%20C%201954.png.jpg.webp?itok=wROxTiXC 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/webp" width="289" height="192"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/content_list/article/2023-01/LA%20C%201954.png.jpg.webp?itok=lvn0WbU4 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="182" height="121"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/square_80/article/2023-01/LA%20C%201954.png.jpg.webp?itok=xEfM4UGo 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/webp" width="80" height="80"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/small_fixed/article/2023-01/LA%20C%201954.png.jpg?itok=wROxTiXC 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/jpeg" width="289" height="192"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/content_list/article/2023-01/LA%20C%201954.png.jpg?itok=lvn0WbU4 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="182" height="121"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/square_80/article/2023-01/LA%20C%201954.png.jpg?itok=xEfM4UGo 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/jpeg" width="80" height="80"/> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/square_80/article/2023-01/LA%20C%201954.png.jpg?itok=xEfM4UGo" width="80" height="80" alt="LA C 1954" title="LA C 1954" class="img-fluid" /> </picture></div></div></div><div class="wrapper"><p class="section-text is-arrow text-primary"><span>Article</span></p><div class="title">Malta accedes to the 1999 Second Protocol to the Hague Convention of 1954 for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict</div><span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden"><time datetime="2025-03-17T16:30:00+01:00" class="datetime">17 March 2025</time></span></div></div> </a> </article></div><div class="field__item"><article class="media-small node node--type-article node--promoted node--view-mode-grid" data-terms-tags="423986 430015 430013" data-terms-univers="423986" data-letter="M" data-nid="180659"> <a href="/en/articles/malta-accedes-first-protocol-1954-hague-convention-protection-cultural-property-event-armed-conflict" title="Malta accedes to the First Protocol to the 1954 Hague Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict "><div class="node__content"><div class="field field--name-field-ref-image field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item"><div class="media media--type-image media--view-mode-grid"><div class="field field--name-field-media-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/small_fixed/article/2023-01/LA%20C%201954.png.jpg.webp?itok=wROxTiXC 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/webp" width="289" height="192"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/content_list/article/2023-01/LA%20C%201954.png.jpg.webp?itok=lvn0WbU4 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="182" height="121"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/square_80/article/2023-01/LA%20C%201954.png.jpg.webp?itok=xEfM4UGo 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/webp" width="80" height="80"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/small_fixed/article/2023-01/LA%20C%201954.png.jpg?itok=wROxTiXC 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/jpeg" width="289" height="192"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/content_list/article/2023-01/LA%20C%201954.png.jpg?itok=lvn0WbU4 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="182" height="121"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/square_80/article/2023-01/LA%20C%201954.png.jpg?itok=xEfM4UGo 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/jpeg" width="80" height="80"/> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/square_80/article/2023-01/LA%20C%201954.png.jpg?itok=xEfM4UGo" width="80" height="80" alt="LA C 1954" title="LA C 1954" class="img-fluid" /> </picture></div></div></div><div class="wrapper"><p class="section-text is-arrow text-primary"><span>News</span></p><div class="title">Malta accedes to the First Protocol to the 1954 Hague Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict</div><span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden"><time datetime="2025-03-17T15:00:14+01:00" class="datetime">17 March 2025</time></span></div></div> </a> </article></div><div class="field__item"><article class="media-small node node--type-article node--promoted node--view-mode-grid" data-terms-tags="430015 430014" data-letter="P" data-nid="180462"> <a href="/en/articles/publication-documents-preparation-43rd-session-general-conference" title="Publication of the documents on the preparation of the 43rd session of the General Conference"><div class="node__content"><div class="field field--name-field-ref-image field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item"><div class="media media--type-image media--view-mode-grid"><div class="field field--name-field-media-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/small_fixed/article/unesco_hq_flags.jpg.webp?itok=hT2xIbfT 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/webp" width="289" height="192"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/content_list/article/unesco_hq_flags.jpg.webp?itok=kUi_Woy7 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="182" height="121"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/square_80/article/unesco_hq_flags.jpg.webp?itok=Qljm0JBT 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/webp" width="80" height="80"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/small_fixed/article/unesco_hq_flags.jpg?itok=hT2xIbfT 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/jpeg" width="289" height="192"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/content_list/article/unesco_hq_flags.jpg?itok=kUi_Woy7 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="182" height="121"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/square_80/article/unesco_hq_flags.jpg?itok=Qljm0JBT 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/jpeg" width="80" height="80"/> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/square_80/article/unesco_hq_flags.jpg?itok=Qljm0JBT" width="80" height="80" alt="UNESCO Headquarters in Paris, with flags flying in the foreground." class="img-fluid" /> </picture></div></div></div><div class="wrapper"><p class="section-text is-arrow text-primary"><span>News</span></p><div class="title">Publication of the documents on the preparation of the 43rd session of the General Conference</div><span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden"><time datetime="2025-03-05T11:30:00+01:00" class="datetime">5 March 2025</time></span></div></div> </a> </article></div><div class="field__item"><article class="media-small node node--type-article node--promoted node--view-mode-grid" data-terms-tags="430015 430017" data-letter="P" data-nid="180460"> <a href="/en/articles/publication-report-director-general-fifteenth-session-joint-ilo-unesco-committee-experts-application" title="Publication of the report by the Director-General on the fifteenth session of the Joint ILO-UNESCO Committee of Experts on the Application of the Recommendations concerning Teaching Personnel (CEART)"><div class="node__content"><div class="field field--name-field-ref-image field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item"><div class="media media--type-image media--view-mode-grid"><div class="field field--name-field-media-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/small_fixed/article/courier/photos/vasarely.jpg.webp?itok=det6avjy 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/webp" width="289" height="192"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/content_list/article/courier/photos/vasarely.jpg.webp?itok=gnKUN_m_ 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="182" height="121"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/square_80/article/courier/photos/vasarely.jpg.webp?itok=TVxXnswg 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/webp" width="80" height="80"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/small_fixed/article/courier/photos/vasarely.jpg?itok=det6avjy 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/jpeg" width="289" height="192"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/content_list/article/courier/photos/vasarely.jpg?itok=gnKUN_m_ 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="182" height="121"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/square_80/article/courier/photos/vasarely.jpg?itok=TVxXnswg 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/jpeg" width="80" height="80"/> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/square_80/article/courier/photos/vasarely.jpg?itok=TVxXnswg" width="80" height="80" alt=" " class="img-fluid" /> </picture></div></div></div><div class="wrapper"><p class="section-text is-arrow text-primary"><span>News</span></p><div class="title">Publication of the report by the Director-General on the fifteenth session of the Joint ILO-UNESCO Committee of Experts on the Application of the Recommendations concerning Teaching Personnel (CEART)</div><span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden"><time datetime="2025-03-05T11:00:00+01:00" class="datetime">5 March 2025</time></span></div></div> </a> </article></div><div class="field__item"><article class="media-small node node--type-article node--promoted node--view-mode-grid" data-terms-tags="430015 430014" data-letter="P" data-nid="180458"> <a href="/en/articles/publication-provisional-agenda-221st-session-executive-board" title="Publication of the provisional agenda of the 221st session of the Executive Board"><div class="node__content"><div class="field field--name-field-ref-image field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item"><div class="media media--type-image media--view-mode-grid"><div class="field field--name-field-media-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/small_fixed/article/2023-04/hero_hub_executive_board_0.jpg.webp?itok=i1Tu6OGZ 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/webp" width="289" height="192"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/content_list/article/2023-04/hero_hub_executive_board_0.jpg.webp?itok=dJ7EcyE3 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="182" height="121"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/square_80/article/2023-04/hero_hub_executive_board_0.jpg.webp?itok=fRCtEX0p 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/webp" width="80" height="80"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/small_fixed/article/2023-04/hero_hub_executive_board_0.jpg?itok=i1Tu6OGZ 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/jpeg" width="289" height="192"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/content_list/article/2023-04/hero_hub_executive_board_0.jpg?itok=dJ7EcyE3 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="182" height="121"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/square_80/article/2023-04/hero_hub_executive_board_0.jpg?itok=fRCtEX0p 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/jpeg" width="80" height="80"/> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/square_80/article/2023-04/hero_hub_executive_board_0.jpg?itok=fRCtEX0p" width="80" height="80" alt="LA EX Bis" class="img-fluid" /> </picture></div></div></div><div class="wrapper"><p class="section-text is-arrow text-primary"><span>News</span></p><div class="title">Publication of the provisional agenda of the 221st session of the Executive Board</div><span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden"><time datetime="2025-03-05T09:00:00+01:00" class="datetime">5 March 2025</time></span></div></div> </a> </article></div><div class="field__item"><article class="media-small node node--type-article node--promoted node--view-mode-grid" data-terms-tags="430015 430017 419485" data-letter="P" data-nid="180399"> <a href="/en/articles/publication-working-documents-cr-committee-221st-session-executive-board" title="Publication of the working documents of the CR Committee for the 221st session of the Executive Board"><div class="node__content"><div class="field field--name-field-ref-image field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item"><div class="media media--type-image media--view-mode-grid"><div class="field field--name-field-media-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/small_fixed/article/2024-03/txt-media_miro-lune.jpg.webp?itok=VLZ8wqz_ 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/webp" width="289" height="192"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/content_list/article/2024-03/txt-media_miro-lune.jpg.webp?itok=FQWhzHQ0 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="182" height="121"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/square_80/article/2024-03/txt-media_miro-lune.jpg.webp?itok=D4K5idYY 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/webp" width="80" height="80"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/small_fixed/article/2024-03/txt-media_miro-lune.jpg?itok=VLZ8wqz_ 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/jpeg" width="289" height="192"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/content_list/article/2024-03/txt-media_miro-lune.jpg?itok=FQWhzHQ0 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="182" height="121"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/square_80/article/2024-03/txt-media_miro-lune.jpg?itok=D4K5idYY 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/jpeg" width="80" height="80"/> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/square_80/article/2024-03/txt-media_miro-lune.jpg?itok=D4K5idYY" width="80" height="80" alt="Moon Wall CR" title="Detail of the mural ceramic The moon - Joan MIRO with Jose Llorens ARTIGAS" class="img-fluid" /> </picture></div></div></div><div class="wrapper"><p class="section-text is-arrow text-primary"><span>News</span></p><div class="title">Publication of the working documents of the CR Committee for the 221st session of the Executive Board</div><span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden"><time datetime="2025-03-04T15:00:00+01:00" class="datetime">4 March 2025</time></span></div></div> </a> </article></div><div class="field__item"><article class="media-small node node--type-article node--promoted node--view-mode-grid" data-terms-tags="430015 430017" data-letter="P" data-nid="180392"> <a href="/en/articles/publication-updated-response-rates-ongoing-consultations-2024-2025-one-stop-shop-monitoring" title="Publication of the updated response rates for the ongoing consultations (2024-2025) on the One-Stop Shop for the monitoring of the implementation of standard-setting instruments of UNESCO"><div class="node__content"><div class="field field--name-field-ref-image field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item"><div class="media media--type-image media--view-mode-grid"><div class="field field--name-field-media-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/small_fixed/article/courier/photos/vasarely.jpg.webp?itok=det6avjy 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/webp" width="289" height="192"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/content_list/article/courier/photos/vasarely.jpg.webp?itok=gnKUN_m_ 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="182" height="121"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/square_80/article/courier/photos/vasarely.jpg.webp?itok=TVxXnswg 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/webp" width="80" height="80"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/small_fixed/article/courier/photos/vasarely.jpg?itok=det6avjy 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/jpeg" width="289" height="192"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/content_list/article/courier/photos/vasarely.jpg?itok=gnKUN_m_ 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="182" height="121"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/square_80/article/courier/photos/vasarely.jpg?itok=TVxXnswg 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/jpeg" width="80" height="80"/> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/square_80/article/courier/photos/vasarely.jpg?itok=TVxXnswg" width="80" height="80" alt=" " class="img-fluid" /> </picture></div></div></div><div class="wrapper"><p class="section-text is-arrow text-primary"><span>News</span></p><div class="title">Publication of the updated response rates for the ongoing consultations (2024-2025) on the One-Stop Shop for the monitoring of the implementation of standard-setting instruments of UNESCO</div><span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden"><time datetime="2025-03-04T09:00:00+01:00" class="datetime">4 March 2025</time></span></div></div> </a> </article></div></div></div></div><div class="field__item"><div id="news" class="paragraph--hidden paragraph paragraph--type--content-search-landing paragraph--view-mode--default"></div></div><div class="field__item"><div id="governing-bodies" class="paragraph-border left paragraph paragraph--type--text-media-block paragraph--view-mode--default"><div class="row"><div class="wrapper-infos col-lg-6"><div class="field field--name-field-title field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item"><h2>Governing Bodies</h2></div><div class="rich-text clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-text field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p class="text-align-justify">The Office of International Standards and Legal Affairs provides centralized and independent legal advice to the General Conference, the Executive Board and other intergovernmental bodies.</p></div><div class="field field--name-field-links field--type-link field--label-hidden field__items"><div class="field__item"><a href="/en/legal-affairs/governing-bodies" class="btn btn-primary btn-arrow-right">Discover</a></div></div></div><div class="wrapper-image col-lg-6"><div class="field field--name-field-ref-image field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item"><div class="media media--type-image media--view-mode-medium"><div class="field field--name-field-media-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/paragraph_medium_desktop/public/2021-11/IMG_5881.jpg.webp?itok=FNW8niH3 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/webp" width="610" height="407"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/paragraph_medium_tablet/public/2021-11/IMG_5881.jpg.webp?itok=rLWiapz9 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="700" height="467"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/paragraph_medium_mobile/public/2021-11/IMG_5881.jpg.webp?itok=QF647Dfl 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/webp" width="327" height="218"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/paragraph_medium_desktop/public/2021-11/IMG_5881.jpg?itok=FNW8niH3 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/jpeg" width="610" height="407"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/paragraph_medium_tablet/public/2021-11/IMG_5881.jpg?itok=rLWiapz9 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="700" height="467"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/paragraph_medium_mobile/public/2021-11/IMG_5881.jpg?itok=QF647Dfl 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/jpeg" width="327" height="218"/> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/paragraph_medium_desktop/public/2021-11/IMG_5881.jpg?itok=FNW8niH3" width="610" height="407" alt="generic salle I" class="img-fluid" /> </picture></div></div><div class="media--copyright field field--name-field-copyright field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item">UNESCO</div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="field__item"><div id="" class="paragraph paragraph--type--cards-landing paragraph--view-mode--default"><div class="row"><div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 col-xl-3"> <a class="card card-height-fixed card-text card-overlay card-link-wrapper" data-uri-image-style="/sites/default/files/styles/card_1_column/public/2022-09/card-xs_governing-bodies_05.jpg?itok=lY59_j5d" data-uri-image-style-mobile="/sites/default/files/styles/card_1_column/public/2022-09/card-xs_governing-bodies_05.jpg?itok=lY59_j5d" href="/en/legal-affairs/constitution" title="UNESCO Constitution"><div class="card-arrow arrow-black"></div><div class="card-body"><div class="card-title">UNESCO Constitution</div></div> </a></div><div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 col-xl-3"> <a class="card card-height-fixed card-text card-overlay card-link-wrapper" data-uri-image-style="/sites/default/files/styles/card_1_column/public/2021-09/headquarters_flags_michel_ravassard.jpg?itok=GsXtCaOr" data-uri-image-style-mobile="/sites/default/files/styles/card_1_column/public/2021-09/headquarters_flags_michel_ravassard.jpg?itok=GsXtCaOr" href="/en/legal-affairs/governing-bodies#general-conference" title="General Conference"><div class="card-arrow arrow-black"></div><div class="card-body"><div class="card-title">General Conference</div></div> </a></div><div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 col-xl-3"> <a class="card card-height-fixed card-text card-overlay card-link-wrapper" data-uri-image-style="/sites/default/files/styles/card_1_column/public/2022-09/card-xs_governing-bodies_01.jpg?itok=V2j75Cx6" data-uri-image-style-mobile="/sites/default/files/styles/card_1_column/public/2022-09/card-xs_governing-bodies_01.jpg?itok=V2j75Cx6" href="/en/legal-affairs/governing-bodies#executive-board" title="Executive Board"><div class="card-arrow arrow-black"></div><div class="card-body"><div class="card-title">Executive Board</div></div> </a></div><div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 col-xl-3"> <a class="card card-height-fixed card-text card-overlay card-link-wrapper" data-uri-image-style="/sites/default/files/styles/card_1_column/public/2022-09/card-xs_governing-bodies_03.jpg?itok=6TCQe6UA" data-uri-image-style-mobile="/sites/default/files/styles/card_1_column/public/2022-09/card-xs_governing-bodies_03.jpg?itok=6TCQe6UA" href="/en/node/68061" title="Intergovernmental bodies"><div class="card-arrow arrow-black"></div><div class="card-body"><div class="card-title">Intergovernmental bodies</div></div> </a></div></div></div></div><div class="field__item"><div id="highlights" class="paragraph paragraph--type--cards-landing paragraph--view-mode--default"><div class="field field--name-field-title field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item"><h2>Highlights</h2></div><div class="row"><div class="col-lg-6"> <a class="card card-height-fixed card-text card-overlay card-link-wrapper" data-uri-image-style="/sites/default/files/styles/card_2_columns/public/2021-12/miro_moon_2.jpg?itok=IUz8-P27" data-uri-image-style-mobile="/sites/default/files/styles/card_1_column/public/2021-12/miro_moon_2.jpg?itok=1nK03oen" href="/en/legal-affairs/cr-committee" title="Committee on Conventions and Recommendations"><div class="card-arrow arrow-black"></div><div class="card-body"><div class="card-title">Committee on Conventions and Recommendations</div></div> </a></div><div class="col-lg-6"> <a class="card card-height-fixed card-text card-overlay card-link-wrapper" data-uri-image-style="/sites/default/files/styles/card_2_columns/public/2022-05/Comit%C3%A9%20juridique.jpg?itok=PoRwXhGr" data-uri-image-style-mobile="/sites/default/files/styles/card_1_column/public/2022-05/Comit%C3%A9%20juridique.jpg?itok=CbOAyyvF" href="/en/legal-affairs/legal-committee" title="Legal Committee"><div class="card-arrow arrow-black"></div><div class="card-body"><div class="card-title">Legal Committee</div></div> </a></div></div></div></div><div class="field__item"><div id="standard-setting" class="paragraph-border left paragraph paragraph--type--text-media-block paragraph--view-mode--default"><div class="row"><div class="wrapper-infos col-lg-6"><div class="field field--name-field-title field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item"><h2>Standard-setting</h2></div><div class="rich-text clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-text field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p class="text-align-justify">The Office of International Standards and Legal Affairs contributes to the normative mandate of the Organization.</p></div><div class="field field--name-field-links field--type-link field--label-hidden field__items"><div class="field__item"><a href="/en/legal-affairs/standard-setting" class="btn btn-primary btn-arrow-right">Discover</a></div></div></div><div class="wrapper-image col-lg-6"><div class="field field--name-field-ref-image field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item"><div class="media media--type-image media--view-mode-medium"><div class="field field--name-field-media-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/paragraph_medium_desktop/public/2022-09/txt-media_vasarely-multi_02.jpg.webp?itok=JPq76BZm 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/webp" width="610" height="409"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/paragraph_medium_tablet/public/2022-09/txt-media_vasarely-multi_02.jpg.webp?itok=r67aQBKc 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="610" height="409"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/paragraph_medium_mobile/public/2022-09/txt-media_vasarely-multi_02.jpg.webp?itok=wzYXE4f1 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/webp" width="327" height="219"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/paragraph_medium_desktop/public/2022-09/txt-media_vasarely-multi_02.jpg?itok=JPq76BZm 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/jpeg" width="610" height="409"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/paragraph_medium_tablet/public/2022-09/txt-media_vasarely-multi_02.jpg?itok=r67aQBKc 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="610" height="409"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/paragraph_medium_mobile/public/2022-09/txt-media_vasarely-multi_02.jpg?itok=wzYXE4f1 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/jpeg" width="327" height="219"/> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/paragraph_medium_desktop/public/2022-09/txt-media_vasarely-multi_02.jpg?itok=JPq76BZm" width="610" height="409" alt="txt-media_vasarely-multi_02.jpg" class="img-fluid" /> </picture></div></div><div class="media--legend field field--name-field-legende field--type-string-long field--label-hidden field__item">Detail of the Vasarely composition</div><div class="media--copyright field field--name-field-copyright field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item">© UNESCO</div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="field__item"><div id="" class="paragraph paragraph--type--cards-landing paragraph--view-mode--default"><div class="row"><div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 col-xl-3"> <a class="card card-height-fixed card-text card-overlay card-link-wrapper" data-uri-image-style="/sites/default/files/styles/card_1_column/public/2022-09/txt-media_vasarely-red.jpg?itok=0-tYOoqO" data-uri-image-style-mobile="/sites/default/files/styles/card_1_column/public/2022-09/txt-media_vasarely-red.jpg?itok=0-tYOoqO" href="/en/legal-affairs/standard-setting/conventions" title="Conventions"><div class="card-arrow arrow-black"></div><div class="card-body"><div class="card-title">Conventions</div></div> </a></div><div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 col-xl-3"> <a class="card card-height-fixed card-text card-overlay card-link-wrapper" data-uri-image-style="/sites/default/files/styles/card_1_column/public/2022-09/txt-media_vasarely-purple.jpg?itok=bKoHVkMH" data-uri-image-style-mobile="/sites/default/files/styles/card_1_column/public/2022-09/txt-media_vasarely-purple.jpg?itok=bKoHVkMH" href="/en/legal-affairs/standard-setting/recommendations" title="Recommendations"><div class="card-arrow arrow-black"></div><div class="card-body"><div class="card-title">Recommendations</div></div> </a></div><div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 col-xl-3"> <a class="card card-height-fixed card-text card-overlay card-link-wrapper" data-uri-image-style="/sites/default/files/styles/card_1_column/public/2022-09/txt-media_vasarely-yellow.jpg?itok=YhwcoVBH" data-uri-image-style-mobile="/sites/default/files/styles/card_1_column/public/2022-09/txt-media_vasarely-yellow.jpg?itok=YhwcoVBH" href="/en/legal-affairs/standard-setting/declarations" title="Declarations"><div class="card-arrow arrow-black"></div><div class="card-body"><div class="card-title">Declarations</div></div> </a></div><div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 col-xl-3"> <a class="card card-height-fixed card-text card-overlay card-link-wrapper" data-uri-image-style="/sites/default/files/styles/card_1_column/public/2022-09/Composition.JPG?itok=RWm226tb" data-uri-image-style-mobile="/sites/default/files/styles/card_1_column/public/2022-09/Composition.JPG?itok=RWm226tb" href="/en/node/67118" title="Standard-setting process"><div class="card-arrow arrow-black"></div><div class="card-body"><div class="card-title">Standard-setting process</div></div> </a></div></div></div></div><div class="field__item"><div id="highlights" class="paragraph paragraph--type--cards-landing paragraph--view-mode--default"><div class="field field--name-field-title field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item"><h2>Highlights</h2></div><div class="row"><div class="col-lg-6"> <a class="card card-height-fixed card-text card-overlay card-link-wrapper" data-uri-image-style="/sites/default/files/styles/card_2_columns/public/2022-09/51972334742_c5958e47cd_k.jpg?itok=ZfVVD3dh" data-uri-image-style-mobile="/sites/default/files/styles/card_1_column/public/2022-09/51972334742_c5958e47cd_k.jpg?itok=XOK7EDfm" href="https://www.unesco.org/en/legal-affairs/standard-setting/depository-letters#latest-ratifications" title="Latest ratifications"><div class="card-arrow arrow-black"></div><div class="card-body"><div class="card-title">Latest ratifications</div></div> </a></div><div class="col-lg-6"> <a class="card card-height-fixed card-text card-overlay card-link-wrapper" data-uri-image-style="/sites/default/files/styles/card_2_columns/article/courier/photos/vasarely.jpg?itok=UvJj1elT" data-uri-image-style-mobile="/sites/default/files/styles/card_1_column/article/courier/photos/vasarely.jpg?itok=keN4I1fV" href="https://www.unesco.org/en/legal-affairs/one-stop-shop" title="One-Stop Shop for the normative monitoring"><div class="card-arrow arrow-black"></div><div class="card-body"><div class="card-title">One-Stop Shop for the normative monitoring</div></div> </a></div></div></div></div><div class="field__item"><div id="legal-texts" class="paragraph-border left paragraph paragraph--type--text-media-block paragraph--view-mode--default"><div class="row"><div class="wrapper-infos col-lg-6"><div class="field field--name-field-title field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item"><h2>Legal Texts</h2></div><div class="rich-text clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-text field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p class="text-align-justify">The Office of International Standards and Legal Affairs contributes to the rule of law by interpreting UNESCO’s legal framework and providing legal service in the day-to-day work of the Secretariat worldwide.</p></div><div class="field field--name-field-links field--type-link field--label-hidden field__items"><div class="field__item"><a href="/en/legal-affairs/legal-texts-about" class="btn btn-primary btn-arrow-right">Discover</a></div></div></div><div class="wrapper-image col-lg-6"><div class="field field--name-field-ref-image field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item"><div class="media media--type-image media--view-mode-medium"><div class="field field--name-field-media-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/paragraph_medium_desktop/public/2022-04/ai_law_news.png.jpg.webp?itok=CZFh3GhD 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/webp" width="610" height="406"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/paragraph_medium_tablet/public/2022-04/ai_law_news.png.jpg.webp?itok=i0i3xiFe 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="610" height="406"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/paragraph_medium_mobile/public/2022-04/ai_law_news.png.jpg.webp?itok=XGYbjZYt 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/webp" width="327" height="218"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/paragraph_medium_desktop/public/2022-04/ai_law_news.png.jpg?itok=CZFh3GhD 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/jpeg" width="610" height="406"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/paragraph_medium_tablet/public/2022-04/ai_law_news.png.jpg?itok=i0i3xiFe 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="610" height="406"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/paragraph_medium_mobile/public/2022-04/ai_law_news.png.jpg?itok=XGYbjZYt 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/jpeg" width="327" height="218"/> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/paragraph_medium_desktop/public/2022-04/ai_law_news.png.jpg?itok=CZFh3GhD" width="610" height="406" alt="Artificial Intelligence and the Rule of Law" class="img-fluid" /> </picture></div></div><div class="media--copyright field field--name-field-copyright field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item">Canva</div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="field__item"><div id="" class="paragraph--hidden paragraph paragraph--type--cards-landing paragraph--view-mode--default"></div></div><div class="field__item"><div id="" class="carousel-cards paragraph paragraph--type--cards-landing paragraph--view-mode--default"><div class="row"><div class="col-lg-3"> <a class="card card-height-fixed card-text card-overlay card-link-wrapper" data-uri-image-style="/sites/default/files/styles/card_1_column/public/2024-03/Basic%20Texts%202024%20EN.jpg?itok=WCCisq9J" data-uri-image-style-mobile="/sites/default/files/styles/card_1_column/public/2024-03/Basic%20Texts%202024%20EN.jpg?itok=WCCisq9J" href="/en/legal-affairs/basictexts" title="Basic Texts"><div class="card-arrow arrow-black"></div><div class="card-body"><div class="card-title">Basic Texts</div></div> </a></div><div class="col-lg-3"> <a class="card card-height-fixed card-text card-overlay card-link-wrapper" data-uri-image-style="/sites/default/files/styles/card_1_column/public/2022-05/hammer-1707731.jpg?itok=JIRJyeMC" data-uri-image-style-mobile="/sites/default/files/styles/card_1_column/public/2022-05/hammer-1707731.jpg?itok=JIRJyeMC" href="/en/node/67118" title="Texts concerning UNESCO's standard-setting"><div class="card-arrow arrow-black"></div><div class="card-body"><div class="card-title">Texts concerning UNESCO's standard-setting</div></div> </a></div><div class="col-lg-3"> <a class="card card-height-fixed card-text card-overlay card-link-wrapper" data-uri-image-style="/sites/default/files/styles/card_1_column/public/2022-07/Diversity_2.jpg?itok=dm0Ajqx3" data-uri-image-style-mobile="/sites/default/files/styles/card_1_column/public/2022-07/Diversity_2.jpg?itok=dm0Ajqx3" href="/en/legal-affairs/legal-texts/unesco-specific-conv" title="Legal texts on conventions"><div class="card-arrow arrow-black"></div><div class="card-body"><div class="card-title">Legal texts on conventions</div></div> </a></div><div class="col-lg-3"> <a class="card card-height-fixed card-text card-overlay card-link-wrapper" data-uri-image-style="/sites/default/files/styles/card_1_column/public/2022-05/books-1204029.jpg?itok=V9N26T8k" data-uri-image-style-mobile="/sites/default/files/styles/card_1_column/public/2022-05/books-1204029.jpg?itok=V9N26T8k" href="/en/legal-affairs/other-legal-texts" title="Other Legal Texts"><div class="card-arrow arrow-black"></div><div class="card-body"><div class="card-title">Other Legal Texts</div></div> </a></div></div></div></div><div class="field__item"><div id="highlights" class="paragraph paragraph--type--cards-landing paragraph--view-mode--default"><div class="field field--name-field-title field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item"><h2>Highlights</h2></div><div class="row"><div class="col-lg-6"> <a class="card card-height-fixed card-text card-overlay card-link-wrapper" data-uri-image-style="/sites/default/files/styles/card_2_columns/public/2022-09/txt-media_picasso-icarus.jpg?itok=9LhvHuaP" data-uri-image-style-mobile="/sites/default/files/styles/card_1_column/public/2022-09/txt-media_picasso-icarus.jpg?itok=EfUOuZRF" href="https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000379755_eng/PDF/379755eng.pdf.multi" title="Model Rules of Procedure for assemblies of UNESCO's cultural conventions"><div class="card-arrow arrow-black"></div><div class="card-body"><div class="card-title">Model Rules of Procedure for assemblies of UNESCO's cultural conventions</div></div> </a></div><div class="col-lg-6"> <a class="card card-height-fixed card-text card-overlay card-link-wrapper" data-uri-image-style="/sites/default/files/styles/card_2_columns/public/2022-04/shutterstock_732217162.jpeg?itok=vECUWNum" data-uri-image-style-mobile="/sites/default/files/styles/card_1_column/public/2022-04/shutterstock_732217162.jpeg?itok=WAkoLfXe" href="https://www.unesco.org/en/node/67198" title="Legal Publications"><div class="card-arrow arrow-black"></div><div class="card-body"><div class="card-title">Legal Publications</div></div> </a></div></div></div></div><div class="field__item"><div id="meetings" class="paragraph--hidden hide-date paragraph paragraph--type--content-list-custom-landing paragraph--view-mode--grid"></div></div><div class="field__item"><div id="about-us" class="carousel-cards paragraph paragraph--type--cards-landing paragraph--view-mode--default"><div class="field field--name-field-title field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item"><h2>About us</h2></div><div class="row"><div class="col-lg-3"> <a class="card card-height-fixed card-text card-hero card-link-wrapper" href="/en/legal-affairs/oisla#our-responsibilities" title="Our role and responsibilities"><div class="card-arrow arrow-black"></div> <img class="card-img-top img-fluid image-style-card-thumbnail" src="/sites/default/files/styles/card_thumbnail/public/2022-09/tableau%20bureau%20SV%201.JPG?itok=Kui3_9jh" width="289" height="144" alt="" loading="lazy" /><div class="card-body"><div class="card-title">Our role and responsibilities</div></div> </a></div><div class="col-lg-3"> <a class="card card-height-fixed card-text card-hero card-link-wrapper" href="/en/legal-affairs/oisla#our-priorities" title="Our priorities"><div class="card-arrow arrow-black"></div> <img class="card-img-top img-fluid image-style-card-thumbnail" src="/sites/default/files/styles/card_thumbnail/public/2022-09/Tableau%20bureau%20SV%202.JPG?itok=rWCOxPI8" width="289" height="144" alt="" loading="lazy" /><div class="card-body"><div class="card-title">Our priorities</div></div> </a></div><div class="col-lg-3"> <a class="card card-height-fixed card-text card-hero card-link-wrapper" href="/en/legal-affairs/oisla#our-team" title="Our team"><div class="card-arrow arrow-black"></div> <img class="card-img-top img-fluid 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