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class="nav-item"> <a href="https://unesdoc.unesco.org/collections/governing-bodies/headquarters-committee" class="nav-link">Headquarters Commitee</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://unesdoc.unesco.org/collections/governing-bodies/general-conference" class="nav-link">General Conference documents</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://unesdoc.unesco.org/collections/governing-bodies/executive-board" class="nav-link">Executive Board documents</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000378083_eng" class="nav-link">Medium-Term Strategy for 2022-2029 (41 C/4)</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000389188" class="nav-link">Approved programme and budget 2024-2025 (42 C/5)</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"> <span class="nav-link dropdown-toggle">Resources</span><ul class="list-unstyled ms-3"><li class="nav-item"> <span class="nav-link dropdown-toggle">Documents</span><ul class="list-unstyled ms-3"><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://unesdoc.unesco.org/" class="nav-link">UNESDOC - Digital library</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="http://www.unesco.org/artcollection/jsps/welcome.jsp" class="nav-link">Art Collection</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/archives/multimedia/" class="nav-link">Multimedia archives</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/archives" class="nav-link">Archives</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://courier.unesco.org/en" class="nav-link">UNESCO Courier</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/131897504@N08/albums" class="nav-link">Official Photo Gallery</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/legal-affairs/basictexts" class="nav-link">Basic Texts</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"> <span class="nav-link dropdown-toggle">Databases and Statistics</span><ul class="list-unstyled ms-3"><li class="nav-item"> <a 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class="vocabulary--websites"><span class="title nav-link">All UNESCO websites</span><div class="right"><input aria-label="Search for a site or UNESCO entity" class="dynamic-search" placeholder="Search for a site or UNESCO entity" type="search" /><div class="wrapper-websites"><div data-letter="B" data-nid="419205" id="taxonomy-term-419205" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/biennaleluanda/2021/en" title="Biennale of Luanda" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">Biennale of Luanda</div><div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-description field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Pan-African Forum for the Culture of Peace</p></div></div> </a></div><div data-letter="C" data-nid="426910" id="taxonomy-term-426910" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="https://core.unesco.org" title="Core Data Portal" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">Core Data Portal</div><div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-description field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Public access to information is a key component of UNESCO's commitment to transparency and its accountability.</p></div></div> </a></div><div data-letter="D" data-nid="426556" id="taxonomy-term-426556" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/creativity/en" title="Diversity of Cultural Expressions (2005 Convention)" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">Diversity of Cultural Expressions (2005 Convention)</div><div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-description field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Based on human rights and fundamental freedoms, the 2005 Convention ultimately provides <strong>a new framework for informed, transparent and </strong></p></div></div> </a></div><div data-letter="E" data-nid="423651" id="taxonomy-term-423651" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/interculturaldialogue/en" title="E-platform on Intercultural Dialogue" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">E-platform on Intercultural Dialogue</div><div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-description field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>UNESCO’s e-Platform on intercultural dialogue is designed for organizations and individuals to learn from shared knowledge or experiences from infl</p></div></div> </a></div><div data-letter="G" data-nid="434693" id="taxonomy-term-434693" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"><div class="content"><div class="title">GEM-reports</div></div></div><div data-letter="G" data-nid="423648" id="taxonomy-term-423648" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/gem-report/en" title="Global Education Monitoring Report (GEM Report)" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">Global Education Monitoring Report (GEM Report)</div><div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-description field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Established in 2002, the GEM Report is an editorially independent report, hosted and published by UNESCO.</p></div></div> </a></div><div data-letter="I" data-nid="426122" id="taxonomy-term-426122" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="https://ich.unesco.org/en/" title="Intangible Culture Heritage (ICH)" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">Intangible Culture Heritage (ICH)</div></div> </a></div><div data-letter="I" data-nid="429335" id="taxonomy-term-429335" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"><div class="content"><div class="title">Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO (IOC)</div></div></div><div data-letter="I" data-nid="434571" id="taxonomy-term-434571" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"><div class="content"><div class="title">International Decade of Sciences for Sustainable Development</div></div></div><div data-letter="I" data-nid="434394" id="taxonomy-term-434394" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"><div class="content"><div class="title">International Year of Glaciers</div></div></div><div data-letter="M" data-nid="419206" id="taxonomy-term-419206" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/mab/50anniversary/en" title="Man and the Biosphere - 50th Anniversary" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">Man and the Biosphere - 50th Anniversary</div></div> </a></div><div data-letter="R" data-nid="423647" id="taxonomy-term-423647" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/reports/access-to-information/2021/en" title="Report on Public Access to Information (SDG 16.10.2) 2021" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">Report on Public Access to Information (SDG 16.10.2) 2021</div><div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-description field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>To recovery and beyond: The report takes stock of the global progress on the adoption and implementation of legal guarantees on Access to Info</p></div></div> </a></div><div data-letter="R" data-nid="423806" id="taxonomy-term-423806" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/reports/reshaping-creativity/2022/en" title="Reshaping Policies for Creativity - 2022 Report" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">Reshaping Policies for Creativity - 2022 Report</div><div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-description field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Addressing culture as a global public good</p></div></div> </a></div><div data-letter="S" data-nid="419207" id="taxonomy-term-419207" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/reports/science/2021/en" title="Science Report 2021" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">Science Report 2021</div></div> </a></div><div data-letter="S" data-nid="432195" id="taxonomy-term-432195" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"><div class="content"><div class="title">Spotlight Children (GEM campaign)</div></div></div><div data-letter="T" data-nid="423658" id="taxonomy-term-423658" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="https://courier.unesco.org/en" title="The UNESCO Courier" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">The UNESCO Courier</div><div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-description field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>For almost 75 years, <em>the UNESCO Courier</em> has served as a platform for international debates on issues that concern the entire pla</p></div></div> </a></div><div data-letter="U" data-nid="428474" id="taxonomy-term-428474" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/reports/safety-journalists/2022/en" title="UNESCO Director-General's Report on the Safety of Journalists and the Danger of Impunity 2022" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">UNESCO Director-General's Report on the Safety of Journalists and the Danger of Impunity 2022</div></div> </a></div><div data-letter="U" data-nid="419208" id="taxonomy-term-419208" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="https://www.uil.unesco.org/" title="UNESCO Institute for Lifelong Learning (UIL)" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">UNESCO Institute for Lifelong Learning (UIL)</div><div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-description field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Lifelong learning is key to overcoming global challenges and to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals.</p></div></div> </a></div><div data-letter="U" data-nid="434368" id="taxonomy-term-434368" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"><div class="content"><div class="title">UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS)</div></div></div><div data-letter="U" data-nid="428475" id="taxonomy-term-428475" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="https://www.ibe.unesco.org/" title="UNESCO International Bureau of Education" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">UNESCO International Bureau of Education</div></div> </a></div><div data-letter="U" data-nid="423652" id="taxonomy-term-423652" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="http://www.iiep.unesco.org/" title="UNESCO International Institute for Educational Planning (IIEP)" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">UNESCO International Institute for Educational Planning (IIEP)</div></div> </a></div><div data-letter="U" data-nid="425968" id="taxonomy-term-425968" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="https://www.iesalc.unesco.org/" title="UNESCO International Institute for Higher Education in Latin America and the Caribbean (IESALC)" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">UNESCO International Institute for Higher Education in Latin America and the Caribbean (IESALC)</div></div> </a></div><div data-letter="U" data-nid="429336" id="taxonomy-term-429336" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="https://www.iicba.unesco.org/en" title="UNESCO's International Institute for Capacity Building in Africa (IICBA)" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">UNESCO's International Institute for Capacity Building in Africa (IICBA)</div></div> </a></div><div data-letter="U" data-nid="418330" id="taxonomy-term-418330" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org" title="UNESCO.org" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">UNESCO.org</div><div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-description field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Main UNESCO website</p></div></div> </a></div><div data-letter="U" data-nid="424690" id="taxonomy-term-424690" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="https://unesdoc.unesco.org/" title="UNESDOC" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">UNESDOC</div><div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-description field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>UNESCO Digital Library website.</p></div></div> </a></div><div data-letter="W" data-nid="419210" id="taxonomy-term-419210" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="https://whc.unesco.org/" title="World Heritage Convention (WHC)" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">World Heritage Convention (WHC)</div></div> </a></div><div data-letter="W" data-nid="423642" id="taxonomy-term-423642" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/reports/world-media-trends/2021/en" title="World Trends in Freedom of Expression and Media Development - Global Report 2021-2022" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">World Trends in Freedom of Expression and Media Development - Global Report 2021-2022</div></div> </a></div><div data-letter="W" data-nid="433913" id="taxonomy-term-433913" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"><div class="content"><div class="title">World Water Development Report</div></div></div><div data-letter="W" data-nid="419204" id="taxonomy-term-419204" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="http://www.unesco.org/reports/wwdr/2021/en" title="World Water Development Report 2021" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">World Water Development Report 2021</div><div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-description field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>The Value of water</p></div></div> </a></div><div data-letter="W" data-nid="423807" id="taxonomy-term-423807" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/reports/wwdr/2022/en" title="World Water Development Report 2022" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">World Water Development Report 2022</div><div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-description field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Groundwater, making the invisible visible</p></div></div> </a></div><div data-letter="W" data-nid="433448" id="taxonomy-term-433448" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/reports/wwdr/2023/en" title="World Water Development Report 2023" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">World Water Development Report 2023</div></div> </a></div></div></div></div> </nav></div></div></div><div class="dropdown block block-unesco-common block-unesco-commonlanguage-blocklanguage-interface col-lg-1 col-md-12" id="block-languageswitcher"><div data-block="header"><button class="btn btn-link btn-link-white dropdown-toggle" data-bs-toggle="dropdown-menu" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">English</button><div class="dropdown-menu dropdown-menu-right" aria-labelledby="dropdownMenuButton"><ul class="language-switcher-language-url"><li hreflang="en" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/66535" class="is-active" aria-current="page"><a href="/en/legal-affairs" class="language-link is-active" hreflang="en" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/66535" aria-current="page">English</a></li><li hreflang="fr" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/66535"><a href="/fr/legal-affairs" class="language-link" hreflang="fr" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/66535">Français</a></li><li hreflang="es" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/66535"><a href="/es/legal-affairs" class="language-link" hreflang="es" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/66535">Español</a></li><li hreflang="zh" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/66535"><a href="/zh/legal-affairs" class="language-link" hreflang="zh" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/66535">中文</a></li></ul></div></div></div></div> <button class="navbar-toggler" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#navbarNav" aria-controls="navbarNav" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> </button></div><div class="sub-header"><div class="region region-sub-header row"><div class="site-name-wrapper block block-unesco-common block-unesco-common-site-name" id="block-unescositename"> <a href="/en" data-block="sub_header"><p class="site-name js-site-name">UNESCO</p></a></div><nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="block-mainnavigation-menu" id="block-mainnavigation" class="block block-menu navigation menu--main navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-dark col"><h5 class="visually-hidden" id="block-mainnavigation-menu">Main navigation</h5><div class="main-navigation collapse navbar-collapse" id="navbarNav"><ul data-region="sub_header" data-block="sub_header" class="menu nav navbar-nav menu-level-0"><li class="menu-item nav-item"> <span class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" data-bs-toggle="dropdown-menu" title="Expand menu Expertise">Expertise</span><div class="big menu_link_content menu-link-contentmain view-mode-level-0 dropdown-menu bg-primary menu-dropdown-0 menu-type-level_0"><div class="row submenu-wrapper"><div class="left-wrapper col-lg-3 col-md-12"><div class="field field--name-field-description field--type-string-long field--label-hidden field__item">We bring people and nations together through education, culture and science.</div><div class="field field--name-field-links field--type-link field--label-hidden menu-links field__items"><div class="field__item menu-link"><a class="btn btn-secondary" href="https://www.unesco.org/en/brief">In brief </a></div><div class="field__item menu-link"><a class="btn btn-secondary" href="https://www.unesco.org/en/our-expertise">Fields of expertise</a></div></div></div><div class="right-wrapper col-lg-9 col-md-12"><div class="main-navigation collapse navbar-collapse" id="navbarNav"><ul class="menu nav navbar-nav menu-level-1"><li class="menu-item nav-item"> <a href="/en/education" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/343">Education</a><div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmain view-mode-level-1 level-1-submenu"> <a href="/en/education" class="submenu"><div class="submenu-big card card-overlay"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2023-03/nav-xl_education.jpg.webp?itok=E-L8Amx4 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/webp" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2023-03/nav-xl_education.jpg.webp?itok=NDU1Mcnn 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2023-03/nav-xl_education.jpg.webp?itok=DyPBy-9M 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/webp" width="327" height="144"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2023-03/nav-xl_education.jpg?itok=E-L8Amx4 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/jpeg" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2023-03/nav-xl_education.jpg?itok=NDU1Mcnn 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2023-03/nav-xl_education.jpg?itok=DyPBy-9M 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/jpeg" width="327" height="144"/> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2023-03/nav-xl_education.jpg?itok=DyPBy-9M" width="327" height="144" alt="" loading="lazy" class="img-fluid" /> </picture><span class="submenu-text">Education</span></div></a></div></li><li class="menu-item nav-item"> <a href="/en/natural-sciences" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/348">Natural Sciences</a><div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmain view-mode-level-1 level-1-submenu"> <a href="/en/natural-sciences" class="submenu"><div class="submenu-big card card-overlay"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2021-12/GettyImages-658909968.jpg.webp?itok=vayDruKQ 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/webp" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2021-12/GettyImages-658909968.jpg.webp?itok=mTL5vj-L 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2021-12/GettyImages-658909968.jpg.webp?itok=Qb9qCxtV 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/webp" width="327" height="144"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2021-12/GettyImages-658909968.jpg?itok=vayDruKQ 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/jpeg" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2021-12/GettyImages-658909968.jpg?itok=mTL5vj-L 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2021-12/GettyImages-658909968.jpg?itok=Qb9qCxtV 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/jpeg" width="327" height="144"/> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2021-12/GettyImages-658909968.jpg?itok=Qb9qCxtV" width="327" height="144" alt="" loading="lazy" class="img-fluid" /> </picture><span class="submenu-text">Natural Sciences</span></div></a></div></li><li class="menu-item nav-item"> <a href="/en/social-human-sciences" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/355">Social and Human Sciences</a><div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmain view-mode-level-1 level-1-submenu"> <a href="/en/social-human-sciences" class="submenu"><div class="submenu-big card card-overlay"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2022-05/shshomepage_bjdega_1800px_0.jpg.webp?itok=23MFaBf4 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/webp" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2022-05/shshomepage_bjdega_1800px_0.jpg.webp?itok=Lbj-M5aq 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2022-05/shshomepage_bjdega_1800px_0.jpg.webp?itok=VP8k9teF 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/webp" width="327" height="144"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2022-05/shshomepage_bjdega_1800px_0.jpg?itok=23MFaBf4 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/jpeg" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2022-05/shshomepage_bjdega_1800px_0.jpg?itok=Lbj-M5aq 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2022-05/shshomepage_bjdega_1800px_0.jpg?itok=VP8k9teF 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/jpeg" width="327" height="144"/> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2022-05/shshomepage_bjdega_1800px_0.jpg?itok=VP8k9teF" width="327" height="144" alt="" loading="lazy" class="img-fluid" /> </picture><span class="submenu-text">Social and Human Sciences</span></div></a></div></li><li class="menu-item nav-item"> <a href="/en/culture" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/365">Culture</a><div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmain view-mode-level-1 level-1-submenu"> <a href="/en/culture" class="submenu"><div class="submenu-big card card-overlay"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2021-11/pexels-min-an-1313814_1.jpg.webp?itok=AXL34OZb 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/webp" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2021-11/pexels-min-an-1313814_1.jpg.webp?itok=msvmcaWM 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2021-11/pexels-min-an-1313814_1.jpg.webp?itok=qeXpCAxZ 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/webp" width="327" height="144"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2021-11/pexels-min-an-1313814_1.jpg?itok=AXL34OZb 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/jpeg" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2021-11/pexels-min-an-1313814_1.jpg?itok=msvmcaWM 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2021-11/pexels-min-an-1313814_1.jpg?itok=qeXpCAxZ 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/jpeg" width="327" height="144"/> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2021-11/pexels-min-an-1313814_1.jpg?itok=qeXpCAxZ" width="327" height="144" alt="" loading="lazy" class="img-fluid" /> </picture><span class="submenu-text">Culture</span></div></a></div></li><li class="menu-item nav-item"> <a href="/en/communication-information" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/370">Communication & Information</a><div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmain view-mode-level-1 level-1-submenu"> <a href="/en/communication-information" class="submenu"><div class="submenu-big card card-overlay"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2023-10/thumb-nav_ci_02.jpg.webp?itok=eJ-Ycr_I 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/webp" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2023-10/thumb-nav_ci_02.jpg.webp?itok=qvo5lSJk 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2023-10/thumb-nav_ci_02.jpg.webp?itok=DHEQ5doq 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/webp" width="327" height="144"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2023-10/thumb-nav_ci_02.jpg?itok=eJ-Ycr_I 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/jpeg" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2023-10/thumb-nav_ci_02.jpg?itok=qvo5lSJk 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2023-10/thumb-nav_ci_02.jpg?itok=DHEQ5doq 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/jpeg" width="327" height="144"/> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2023-10/thumb-nav_ci_02.jpg?itok=DHEQ5doq" width="327" height="144" alt="" loading="lazy" class="img-fluid" /> </picture><span class="submenu-text">Communication & Information</span></div></a></div></li><li class="menu-item nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/ocean" class="nav-link">Ocean</a><div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmain view-mode-level-1 level-1-submenu"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/ocean" class="submenu"><div class="submenu-big card card-overlay"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2023-02/nv-xl_ioc_01.png.jpg.webp?itok=P_U8h-4H 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/webp" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2023-02/nv-xl_ioc_01.png.jpg.webp?itok=7I-KYwOk 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2023-02/nv-xl_ioc_01.png.jpg.webp?itok=iCaATAKz 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/webp" width="327" height="144"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2023-02/nv-xl_ioc_01.png.jpg?itok=P_U8h-4H 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/jpeg" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2023-02/nv-xl_ioc_01.png.jpg?itok=7I-KYwOk 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2023-02/nv-xl_ioc_01.png.jpg?itok=iCaATAKz 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/jpeg" width="327" height="144"/> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2023-02/nv-xl_ioc_01.png.jpg?itok=iCaATAKz" width="327" height="144" alt="" loading="lazy" class="img-fluid" /> </picture><span class="submenu-text">Ocean</span></div></a></div></li><li class="menu-item nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/africa" class="nav-link">Priority Africa</a><div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmain view-mode-level-1 level-1-submenu"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/africa" class="submenu"><div class="submenu-big card card-overlay"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2023-10/groupe-afro-americains-travaillant-ensemble%20%281%29%20%281%29.jpg.webp?itok=wp3K69dY 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/webp" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2023-10/groupe-afro-americains-travaillant-ensemble%20%281%29%20%281%29.jpg.webp?itok=DeTGS2cv 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2023-10/groupe-afro-americains-travaillant-ensemble%20%281%29%20%281%29.jpg.webp?itok=mrtF24gl 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/webp" width="327" height="144"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2023-10/groupe-afro-americains-travaillant-ensemble%20%281%29%20%281%29.jpg?itok=wp3K69dY 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/jpeg" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2023-10/groupe-afro-americains-travaillant-ensemble%20%281%29%20%281%29.jpg?itok=DeTGS2cv 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2023-10/groupe-afro-americains-travaillant-ensemble%20%281%29%20%281%29.jpg?itok=mrtF24gl 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/jpeg" width="327" height="144"/> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2023-10/groupe-afro-americains-travaillant-ensemble%20%281%29%20%281%29.jpg?itok=mrtF24gl" width="327" height="144" alt="" loading="lazy" class="img-fluid" /> </picture><span class="submenu-text">Priority Africa</span></div></a></div></li><li class="menu-item nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/gender-equality" class="nav-link">Priority Gender Equality</a><div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmain view-mode-level-1 level-1-submenu"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/gender-equality" class="submenu"><div class="submenu-big card card-overlay"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2022-10/fitforlife_visual_1760px.jpg.webp?itok=UIbtw61b 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/webp" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2022-10/fitforlife_visual_1760px.jpg.webp?itok=avtgOocJ 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2022-10/fitforlife_visual_1760px.jpg.webp?itok=1Y6RMwwt 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/webp" width="327" height="144"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2022-10/fitforlife_visual_1760px.jpg?itok=UIbtw61b 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/jpeg" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2022-10/fitforlife_visual_1760px.jpg?itok=avtgOocJ 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2022-10/fitforlife_visual_1760px.jpg?itok=1Y6RMwwt 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/jpeg" width="327" height="144"/> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2022-10/fitforlife_visual_1760px.jpg?itok=1Y6RMwwt" width="327" height="144" alt="" loading="lazy" class="img-fluid" /> </picture><span class="submenu-text">Priority Gender Equality</span></div></a></div></li></ul></div></div></div></div></li><li class="menu-item nav-item"> <span class="nav-link active dropdown-toggle" data-bs-toggle="dropdown-menu" title="Expand menu Impact">Impact</span><div class="big menu_link_content menu-link-contentmain view-mode-level-0 dropdown-menu bg-primary menu-dropdown-0 menu-type-level_0"><div class="row submenu-wrapper"><div class="left-wrapper col-lg-3 col-md-12"><div class="field field--name-field-description field--type-string-long field--label-hidden field__item">Discover UNESCO's impact around the world and the organisation's endeavour to build durable peace.</div><div class="field field--name-field-links field--type-link field--label-hidden menu-links field__items"><div class="field__item menu-link"><a class="btn btn-secondary" href="https://www.unesco.org/en/key-challenges">Key Challenges</a></div><div class="field__item menu-link"><a class="btn btn-secondary" href="https://www.unesco.org/en/achievements">Key Achievements</a></div></div></div><div class="right-wrapper col-lg-9 col-md-12"><div class="main-navigation collapse navbar-collapse" id="navbarNav"><ul class="menu nav navbar-nav menu-level-1"><li class="menu-item nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/explore" class="nav-link">Interactive Map</a><div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmain view-mode-level-1 level-1-submenu"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/explore" class="submenu"><div class="submenu-big card card-overlay"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2024-02/mongolfi%C3%A8re_unesco.jpg.webp?itok=JZXV0Heh 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/webp" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2024-02/mongolfi%C3%A8re_unesco.jpg.webp?itok=X6cisev6 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2024-02/mongolfi%C3%A8re_unesco.jpg.webp?itok=ermTQwIo 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/webp" width="327" height="144"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2024-02/mongolfi%C3%A8re_unesco.jpg?itok=JZXV0Heh 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/jpeg" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2024-02/mongolfi%C3%A8re_unesco.jpg?itok=X6cisev6 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2024-02/mongolfi%C3%A8re_unesco.jpg?itok=ermTQwIo 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/jpeg" width="327" height="144"/> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2024-02/mongolfi%C3%A8re_unesco.jpg?itok=ermTQwIo" width="327" height="144" alt="" loading="lazy" class="img-fluid" /> </picture><span class="submenu-text">Interactive Map</span></div></a></div></li><li class="menu-item nav-item"> <a href="/en/lists-designations" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/66210">Lists and designations</a><div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmain view-mode-level-1 level-1-submenu"> <a href="/en/lists-designations" class="submenu"><div class="submenu-big card card-overlay"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2021-10/machu%20pichu%20shutterstock.jpg.webp?itok=Ct778Ps0 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/webp" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2021-10/machu%20pichu%20shutterstock.jpg.webp?itok=_o_cx-TP 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2021-10/machu%20pichu%20shutterstock.jpg.webp?itok=pHZnN1QM 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/webp" width="327" height="144"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2021-10/machu%20pichu%20shutterstock.jpg?itok=Ct778Ps0 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/jpeg" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2021-10/machu%20pichu%20shutterstock.jpg?itok=_o_cx-TP 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2021-10/machu%20pichu%20shutterstock.jpg?itok=pHZnN1QM 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/jpeg" width="327" height="144"/> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2021-10/machu%20pichu%20shutterstock.jpg?itok=pHZnN1QM" width="327" height="144" alt="" loading="lazy" class="img-fluid" /> </picture><span class="submenu-text">Lists and designations</span></div></a></div></li><li class="menu-item nav-item"> <a href="http://www.unesco.org/en/impact" class="nav-link">Presence Worldwide</a><div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmain view-mode-level-1 level-1-submenu"> <a href="http://www.unesco.org/en/impact" class="submenu"><div class="submenu-big card card-overlay"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2023-05/2003_Convention.png.jpg.webp?itok=dNA42rtj 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/webp" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2023-05/2003_Convention.png.jpg.webp?itok=d7o-Aem- 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2023-05/2003_Convention.png.jpg.webp?itok=ypPzk8BT 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/webp" width="327" height="144"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2023-05/2003_Convention.png.jpg?itok=dNA42rtj 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/jpeg" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2023-05/2003_Convention.png.jpg?itok=d7o-Aem- 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2023-05/2003_Convention.png.jpg?itok=ypPzk8BT 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/jpeg" width="327" height="144"/> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2023-05/2003_Convention.png.jpg?itok=ypPzk8BT" width="327" height="144" alt="" loading="lazy" class="img-fluid" /> </picture><span class="submenu-text">Presence Worldwide</span></div></a></div></li><li class="menu-item nav-item"> <a href="/en/legal-affairs" class="nav-link active is-active" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/66535" aria-current="page">Standard setting & legal affairs</a><div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmain view-mode-level-1 level-1-submenu"> <a href="/en/legal-affairs" class="submenu"><div class="submenu-big card card-overlay"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2022-09/tmb-nav-vert_normative-action.jpg.webp?itok=Q5e2K5r6 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/webp" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2022-09/tmb-nav-vert_normative-action.jpg.webp?itok=y94-0zL9 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="163" height="216"/> <source 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unesco-search--close"></div> <input type="hidden" name="category" value="UNESCO" /><div class="wrapper-search-text"><div class="js-form-item form-item js-form-type-search form-type-search js-form-item-text form-item-text"> <input placeholder="" data-drupal-selector="edit-text" type="search" id="edit-text" name="text" value="" size="60" maxlength="128" class="form-search form-control" /></div><button class="btn btn-lg btn-primary custom-submit" label="ows-edit-submit" type="submit">Search</button><div data-drupal-selector="ows-edit-actions" class="form-actions js-form-wrapper form-wrapper" id="ows-edit-actions"> <input data-drupal-selector="ows-edit-submit" class="btn-lg button js-form-submit form-submit btn btn-primary" type="submit" id="ows-edit-submit" value="Search" /></div><div class="wrapper-quick-links"><span class="quick-links-text">Quick links:</span><a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/ukraine-war">UNESCO action in Ukraine</a><a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/world-heritage">World Heritage</a></div></div><div class="results-sort-wrapper"></div></form></div><div class="unesco-messages-wrapper"><div data-drupal-messages-fallback class="hidden"></div></div><div id="block-unesco-content" class="block block-system block-system-main-block"> <article class="node--view-mode-full node node--type-structured-data-hub node--promoted" data-terms-tags="418340 419459 422936 423968 423986 423613 423616" data-terms-univers="418340 419459 422936 423968 423986" data-letter="L" data-nid="66535"><div class="node__content"><div class="header-hub"><div class="hero-wrapper"><div class="field field--name-field-ref-image field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item"><div class="media media--type-image media--view-mode-banner"><div class="field field--name-field-media-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <picture> <source 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type="image/jpeg" width="800" height="406"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/banner_mobile/public/2022-07/2022-02-14_04-07-24.jpg?itok=9zwXC-02 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/jpeg" width="400" height="512"/> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/banner_mobile/public/2022-07/2022-02-14_04-07-24.jpg?itok=9zwXC-02" width="400" height="512" alt="Salle X" class="img-fluid" /> </picture></div><div class="field field--name-field-copyright field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item">UNESCO / C. Alix</div></div><div class="media--copyright field field--name-field-copyright field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item">UNESCO / C. Alix</div></div><div class="header-texts"><h1 class="title article-title">Legal Affairs</h1></div></div><div class="hub-menu-header hub-header-66535"><ul class="menu menu-lvl1"><li class="menu-item active"> <a href="/en/legal-affairs" hreflang="en">Home</a></li><li class="icon-external menu-item menu-item--expanded"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/legal-affairs/governing-bodies?hub=66535">Governing bodies</a><div class="lvl1-wrapper"><ul class="menu menu-lvl2"><li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/legal-affairs/governing-bodies" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/66574">Governing Bodies Homepage</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item--expanded"> <a href="/en/legal-affairs/governing-bodies#general-conference" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/66574">General Conference</a><ul class="menu menu-lvl3"><li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/legal-affairs/rules-procedure-gc" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/66538">Rules of Procedure of the General Conference</a></li><li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/legal-affairs/gc-resolutions" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/66668">Resolutions and documents of the General Conference</a></li><li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/legal-affairs/legal-committee" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/66637">Legal Committee</a></li></ul></li><li class="menu-item menu-item--expanded"> <a href="/en/legal-affairs/governing-bodies#executive-board" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/66574">Executive Board</a><ul class="menu menu-lvl3"><li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/legal-affairs/rules-procedure-exb" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/66541">Rules of Procedure of the Executive Board</a></li><li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/legal-affairs/decisions-exb" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/66663">Decisions and documents of the Executive Board</a></li><li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/legal-affairs/cr-committee" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/66628">Committee on Conventions and Recommendations</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></li><li class="icon-external menu-item menu-item--expanded"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/node/66777?hub=66535#normative-action">Standard-setting</a><div class="lvl1-wrapper"><ul class="menu menu-lvl2"><li class="menu-item menu-item--expanded"> <a href="/en/legal-affairs/standard-setting" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/68260">Standard-setting Homepage</a><ul class="menu menu-lvl3"><li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/legal-affairs/standard-setting/conventions" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/68258">Conventions</a></li><li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/legal-affairs/standard-setting/recommendations" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/68261">Recommendations</a></li><li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/legal-affairs/standard-setting/declarations" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/68262">Declarations</a></li><li class="menu-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/legal-affairs/list">List of all instruments</a></li></ul></li><li class="icon-external menu-item menu-item--expanded"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/legal-affairs/standard-setting?hub=66535#standard-setting-process">Standard-setting process </a><ul class="menu menu-lvl3"><li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/legal-affairs/rules-procedure-cr" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/66542">Rules of Procedure for recommendations and conventions</a></li><li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/legal-affairs/standard-setting/procedure-declarations-genconf" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/66543">Multi-stage procedure for declarations</a></li><li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/legal-affairs/cr-committee/monitoring" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/66638">Monitoring of standard-setting instruments</a></li><li class="menu-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/node/103125">One-Stop Shop</a></li></ul></li><li class="menu-item menu-item--expanded"> <a href="/en/legal-affairs/conventions-ceremony" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/66820">Conventions Ceremony</a><ul class="menu menu-lvl3"><li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/legal-affairs/conventions-ceremony" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/66820">Third Ceremony (November 2023)</a></li><li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/legal-affairs/conventions-ceremony#_nd-conventions-ceremony-held-the-margins-of-the-41th-session-of-the-general-conference" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/66820">Second Ceremony (November 2021)</a></li><li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/legal-affairs/conventions-ceremony#_st-conventions-ceremony-held-the-margins-of-the-40th-session-of-the-general-conference" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/66820">First Ceremony (November 2019)</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></li><li class="menu-item menu-item--expanded"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/legal-affairs/legal-texts-about" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/66905">Legal Texts</a><div class="lvl1-wrapper"><ul class="menu menu-lvl2"><li class="menu-item menu-item--expanded"> <a href="/en/legal-affairs/legal-texts-about" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/66905">Legal Texts Homepage</a><ul class="menu menu-lvl3"><li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/legal-affairs/legal-texts-about#basic-texts" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/66905">Basic Texts</a></li><li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/legal-affairs/constitution" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/66537">UNESCO Constitution</a></li><li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/legal-affairs/rules-procedure-gc" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/66538">Rules of Procedure of the General Conference</a></li><li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/legal-affairs/rules-procedure-exb" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/66541">Rules of Procedure of the Executive Board</a></li></ul></li><li class="icon-external menu-item menu-item--expanded"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/legal-affairs/legal-texts-about?hub=66535#basic-texts#Legal-texts-on-UNESCO">Standard-setting</a><ul class="menu menu-lvl3"><li class="menu-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/node/67118">Legal texts on UNESCO's standard-setting</a></li><li class="menu-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/legal-affairs/legal-texts/unesco-specific-conv">Legal texts on UNESCO conventions</a></li></ul></li><li class="icon-external menu-item menu-item--expanded"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/legal-affairs/legal-texts-about?hub=66535#Other-legal-texts">Other legal texts</a><ul class="menu menu-lvl3"><li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/legal-affairs/other-legal-texts" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/66707">External Relations</a></li><li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/legal-affairs/other-legal-texts" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/66707">Administrative and Financial</a></li><li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/legal-affairs/other-legal-texts" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/66707">Programme</a></li><li class="menu-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/legal-affairs/other-legal-texts?hub=66535">All other legal texts</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></li><li class="icon-external menu-item menu-item--expanded"> <a href="http://www.unesco.org/node/66577">About us</a><div class="lvl1-wrapper"><ul class="menu menu-lvl2"><li class="menu-item menu-item--expanded"> <a href="/en/legal-affairs/oisla" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/66577">The Office of International Standards and Legal Affairs</a><ul class="menu menu-lvl3"><li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/legal-affairs/oisla#our-responsibilities" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/66577">Our responsibilities</a></li><li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/legal-affairs/oisla#our-priorities" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/66577">Our priorities</a></li><li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/legal-affairs/oisla#our-team" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/66577">Our team</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></li></ul></div></div><div class="field field--name-field-paragraphs field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-hidden field__items"><div class="field__item"><div class="paragraph paragraph--type--rich-text paragraph--view-mode--default"><div class="rich-text clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-text field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p class="text-align-justify">The Office of International Standards and Legal Affairs provides centralized and independent legal advice to the General Conference, the Executive Board and other intergovernmental bodies, including those established under UNESCO Conventions, as well as to the Secretariat, Institutes and field offices of the Organization worldwide. It contributes to the normative mandate of the Organization and to the rule of law by interpreting UNESCO’s legal framework and providing legal service in the day-to-day implementation of its mandate.</p></div></div></div><div class="field__item"><div id="about-us" class="carousel-cards paragraph paragraph--type--cards-landing paragraph--view-mode--default"><div class="field field--name-field-title field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item"><h2>About us</h2></div><div class="row"><div class="col-lg-3"> <a class="card card-height-fixed card-text card-hero card-link-wrapper" href="/en/legal-affairs/oisla#our-responsibilities" title="Our role and responsibilities"><div class="card-arrow arrow-black"></div> <img class="card-img-top img-fluid image-style-card-thumbnail" src="/sites/default/files/styles/card_thumbnail/public/2022-09/tableau%20bureau%20SV%201.JPG?itok=lxsFbzec" width="289" height="144" alt="" loading="lazy" /><div class="card-body"><div class="card-title">Our role and responsibilities</div></div> </a></div><div class="col-lg-3"> <a class="card card-height-fixed card-text card-hero card-link-wrapper" href="/en/legal-affairs/oisla#our-priorities" title="Our priorities"><div class="card-arrow arrow-black"></div> <img class="card-img-top img-fluid image-style-card-thumbnail" src="/sites/default/files/styles/card_thumbnail/public/2022-09/Tableau%20bureau%20SV%202.JPG?itok=HPKpQkLQ" width="289" height="144" alt="" loading="lazy" /><div class="card-body"><div class="card-title">Our priorities</div></div> </a></div><div class="col-lg-3"> <a class="card card-height-fixed card-text card-hero card-link-wrapper" href="/en/legal-affairs/oisla#our-team" title="Our team"><div class="card-arrow arrow-black"></div> <img class="card-img-top img-fluid image-style-card-thumbnail" src="/sites/default/files/styles/card_thumbnail/public/2022-09/Tableau%20bureau%20SV%203.JPG?itok=vRrzT0NY" width="289" height="144" alt="" loading="lazy" /><div class="card-body"><div class="card-title">Our team</div></div> </a></div></div></div></div><div class="field__item"><div id="news" class="paragraph paragraph--type--content-list-custom-landing paragraph--view-mode--grid"><div class="field field--name-field-title field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item"><h2>News</h2></div><div class="field field--name-field-link field--type-link field--label-hidden field__item"><a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/node/74774" class="btn btn-primary btn-arrow-right">All News (Legal Affairs)</a></div><div class="field field--name-field-ref-contents field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__items"><div class="field__item"><article class="media-small node node--type-article node--promoted node--view-mode-grid" data-terms-tags="430015 430014" data-letter="P" data-nid="171673"> <a href="/en/articles/publication-revised-provisional-agenda-8th-special-session-executive-board" title="Publication of the revised provisional agenda of the 8th special session of the Executive Board"><div class="node__content"><div class="field field--name-field-ref-image field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item"><div class="media media--type-image media--view-mode-grid"><div class="field field--name-field-media-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/small_fixed/article/2023-04/hero_hub_executive_board_0.jpg.webp?itok=ZF6DgxW1 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/webp" width="289" height="192"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/content_list/article/2023-04/hero_hub_executive_board_0.jpg.webp?itok=DOi4UxGn 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="182" height="121"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/square_80/article/2023-04/hero_hub_executive_board_0.jpg.webp?itok=R7ipxGow 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/webp" width="80" height="80"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/small_fixed/article/2023-04/hero_hub_executive_board_0.jpg?itok=ZF6DgxW1 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/jpeg" width="289" height="192"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/content_list/article/2023-04/hero_hub_executive_board_0.jpg?itok=DOi4UxGn 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="182" height="121"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/square_80/article/2023-04/hero_hub_executive_board_0.jpg?itok=R7ipxGow 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/jpeg" width="80" height="80"/> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/square_80/article/2023-04/hero_hub_executive_board_0.jpg?itok=R7ipxGow" width="80" height="80" alt="LA EX Bis" class="img-fluid" /> </picture></div></div></div><div class="wrapper"><p class="section-text is-arrow text-primary"><span>News</span></p><div class="title">Publication of the revised provisional agenda of the 8th special session of the Executive Board</div><span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden"><time datetime="2024-11-20T20:03:08+01:00" class="datetime">20 November 2024</time></span></div></div> </a> </article></div><div class="field__item"><article class="media-small node node--type-article node--promoted node--view-mode-grid" data-terms-tags="430015 430013" data-letter="M" data-nid="171558"> <a href="/en/articles/mongolia-ratifies-2019-global-convention-recognition-qualifications-concerning-higher-education" title="Mongolia ratifies the 2019 Global Convention on the Recognition of Qualifications concerning Higher Education"><div class="node__content"><div class="field field--name-field-ref-image field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item"><div class="media media--type-image media--view-mode-grid"><div class="field field--name-field-media-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/small_fixed/article/2023-01/image4234151491_0.png.jpg.webp?itok=hn2hZIUZ 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/webp" width="289" height="192"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/content_list/article/2023-01/image4234151491_0.png.jpg.webp?itok=GITC9lqv 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="182" height="121"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/square_80/article/2023-01/image4234151491_0.png.jpg.webp?itok=jYjgvBQR 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/webp" width="80" height="80"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/small_fixed/article/2023-01/image4234151491_0.png.jpg?itok=hn2hZIUZ 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/jpeg" width="289" height="192"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/content_list/article/2023-01/image4234151491_0.png.jpg?itok=GITC9lqv 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="182" height="121"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/square_80/article/2023-01/image4234151491_0.png.jpg?itok=jYjgvBQR 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/jpeg" width="80" height="80"/> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/square_80/article/2023-01/image4234151491_0.png.jpg?itok=jYjgvBQR" width="80" height="80" alt="LA C 2019" class="img-fluid" /> </picture></div></div></div><div class="wrapper"><p class="section-text is-arrow text-primary"><span>News</span></p><div class="title">Mongolia ratifies the 2019 Global Convention on the Recognition of Qualifications concerning Higher Education</div><span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden"><time datetime="2024-11-15T09:00:00+01:00" class="datetime">15 November 2024</time></span></div></div> </a> </article></div><div class="field__item"><article class="media-small node node--type-article node--promoted node--view-mode-grid" data-terms-tags="423968 430013 430015" data-terms-univers="423968" data-letter="S" data-nid="171469"> <a href="/en/articles/south-africa-ratifies-2019-global-convention-recognition-qualifications-concerning-higher-education" title="South Africa ratifies the 2019 Global Convention on the Recognition of Qualifications concerning Higher Education"><div class="node__content"><div class="field field--name-field-ref-image field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item"><div class="media media--type-image media--view-mode-grid"><div class="field field--name-field-media-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/small_fixed/article/2023-01/image4234151491_0.png.jpg.webp?itok=hn2hZIUZ 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/webp" width="289" height="192"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/content_list/article/2023-01/image4234151491_0.png.jpg.webp?itok=GITC9lqv 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="182" height="121"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/square_80/article/2023-01/image4234151491_0.png.jpg.webp?itok=jYjgvBQR 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/webp" width="80" height="80"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/small_fixed/article/2023-01/image4234151491_0.png.jpg?itok=hn2hZIUZ 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/jpeg" width="289" height="192"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/content_list/article/2023-01/image4234151491_0.png.jpg?itok=GITC9lqv 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="182" height="121"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/square_80/article/2023-01/image4234151491_0.png.jpg?itok=jYjgvBQR 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/jpeg" width="80" height="80"/> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/square_80/article/2023-01/image4234151491_0.png.jpg?itok=jYjgvBQR" width="80" height="80" alt="LA C 2019" class="img-fluid" /> </picture></div></div></div><div class="wrapper"><p class="section-text is-arrow text-primary"><span>News</span></p><div class="title">South Africa ratifies the 2019 Global Convention on the Recognition of Qualifications concerning Higher Education</div><span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden"><time datetime="2024-11-08T09:00:00+01:00" class="datetime">8 November 2024</time></span></div></div> </a> </article></div><div class="field__item"><article class="media-small node node--type-article node--promoted node--view-mode-grid" data-terms-tags="430015" data-letter="P" data-nid="171197"> <a href="/en/articles/publication-certified-copy-2023-recommendation-education-peace-and-human-rights-international" title="Publication of the certified copy of the 2023 Recommendation on Education for Peace and Human Rights, International Understanding, Cooperation, Fundamental Freedoms, Global Citizenship and Sustainable Development"><div class="node__content"><div class="field field--name-field-ref-image field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item"><div class="media media--type-image media--view-mode-grid"><div class="field field--name-field-media-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/small_fixed/article/2023-11/education%20for%20peace%20recommendation.jpg.webp?itok=8Rk3X5wz 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/webp" width="289" height="192"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/content_list/article/2023-11/education%20for%20peace%20recommendation.jpg.webp?itok=BNTBI2eE 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="182" height="121"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/square_80/article/2023-11/education%20for%20peace%20recommendation.jpg.webp?itok=JvciCKNN 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/webp" width="80" height="80"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/small_fixed/article/2023-11/education%20for%20peace%20recommendation.jpg?itok=8Rk3X5wz 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/jpeg" width="289" height="192"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/content_list/article/2023-11/education%20for%20peace%20recommendation.jpg?itok=BNTBI2eE 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="182" height="121"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/square_80/article/2023-11/education%20for%20peace%20recommendation.jpg?itok=JvciCKNN 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/jpeg" width="80" height="80"/> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/square_80/article/2023-11/education%20for%20peace%20recommendation.jpg?itok=JvciCKNN" width="80" height="80" alt="education for peace recommendation" class="img-fluid" /> </picture></div></div></div><div class="wrapper"><p class="section-text is-arrow text-primary"><span>News</span></p><div class="title">Publication of the certified copy of the 2023 Recommendation on Education for Peace and Human Rights, International Understanding, Cooperation, Fundamental Freedoms, Global Citizenship and Sustainable Development</div><span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden"><time datetime="2024-10-25T09:00:00+02:00" class="datetime">25 October 2024</time></span></div></div> </a> </article></div><div class="field__item"><article class="media-small node node--type-article node--promoted node--view-mode-grid" data-terms-tags="430017 430015" data-letter="P" data-nid="171125"> <a href="/en/articles/publication-report-committee-conventions-and-recommendations-2" title="Publication of the report of the Committee on Conventions and Recommendations"><div class="node__content"><div class="field field--name-field-ref-image field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item"><div class="media media--type-image media--view-mode-grid"><div class="field field--name-field-media-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/small_fixed/article/2024-03/txt-media_miro-lune.jpg.webp?itok=8QlWb_82 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/webp" width="289" height="192"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/content_list/article/2024-03/txt-media_miro-lune.jpg.webp?itok=ItlEV3vT 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="182" height="121"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/square_80/article/2024-03/txt-media_miro-lune.jpg.webp?itok=qZMQVLMs 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/webp" width="80" height="80"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/small_fixed/article/2024-03/txt-media_miro-lune.jpg?itok=8QlWb_82 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/jpeg" width="289" height="192"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/content_list/article/2024-03/txt-media_miro-lune.jpg?itok=ItlEV3vT 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="182" height="121"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/square_80/article/2024-03/txt-media_miro-lune.jpg?itok=qZMQVLMs 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/jpeg" width="80" height="80"/> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/square_80/article/2024-03/txt-media_miro-lune.jpg?itok=qZMQVLMs" width="80" height="80" alt="Moon Wall CR" title="Detail of the mural ceramic The moon - Joan MIRO with Jose Llorens ARTIGAS" class="img-fluid" /> </picture></div></div></div><div class="wrapper"><p class="section-text is-arrow text-primary"><span>News</span></p><div class="title">Publication of the report of the Committee on Conventions and Recommendations</div><span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden"><time datetime="2024-10-21T14:55:26+02:00" class="datetime">21 October 2024</time></span></div></div> </a> </article></div><div class="field__item"><article class="media-small node node--type-article node--promoted node--view-mode-grid" data-terms-tags="430015 430013" data-letter="Q" data-nid="171058"> <a href="/en/articles/qatar-ratifies-2022-revised-convention-recognition-studies-diplomas-and-degrees-higher-education" title="Qatar ratifies the 2022 Revised Convention on the Recognition of Studies, Diplomas and Degrees in Higher Education in the Arab States"><div class="node__content"><div class="field field--name-field-ref-image field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item"><div class="media media--type-image media--view-mode-grid"><div class="field field--name-field-media-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/small_fixed/article/2023-01/image4234151491_0.png.jpg.webp?itok=hn2hZIUZ 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/webp" width="289" height="192"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/content_list/article/2023-01/image4234151491_0.png.jpg.webp?itok=GITC9lqv 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="182" height="121"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/square_80/article/2023-01/image4234151491_0.png.jpg.webp?itok=jYjgvBQR 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/webp" width="80" height="80"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/small_fixed/article/2023-01/image4234151491_0.png.jpg?itok=hn2hZIUZ 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/jpeg" width="289" height="192"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/content_list/article/2023-01/image4234151491_0.png.jpg?itok=GITC9lqv 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="182" height="121"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/square_80/article/2023-01/image4234151491_0.png.jpg?itok=jYjgvBQR 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/jpeg" width="80" height="80"/> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/square_80/article/2023-01/image4234151491_0.png.jpg?itok=jYjgvBQR" width="80" height="80" alt="LA C 2019" class="img-fluid" /> </picture></div></div></div><div class="wrapper"><p class="section-text is-arrow text-primary"><span>News</span></p><div class="title">Qatar ratifies the 2022 Revised Convention on the Recognition of Studies, Diplomas and Degrees in Higher Education in the Arab States</div><span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden"><time datetime="2024-10-16T16:59:08+02:00" class="datetime">16 October 2024</time></span></div></div> </a> </article></div><div class="field__item"><article class="media-small node node--type-article node--promoted node--view-mode-grid" data-terms-tags="423968 430015 430017" data-terms-univers="423968" data-letter="F" data-nid="170831"> <a href="/en/articles/final-deadline-11th-consultation-implementation-1960-convention-and-recommendation-against" title="Final deadline for the 11th consultation on the implementation of the 1960 Convention and Recommendation against Discrimination in Education"><div class="node__content"><div class="field field--name-field-ref-image field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item"><div class="media media--type-image media--view-mode-grid"><div class="field field--name-field-media-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/small_fixed/article/2022-11/right%20to%20education%20-c-Riccardo%20Mayer-Shutterstock_0.jpeg.webp?itok=O_wRqKzE 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/webp" width="289" height="192"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/content_list/article/2022-11/right%20to%20education%20-c-Riccardo%20Mayer-Shutterstock_0.jpeg.webp?itok=I2acgaPW 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="182" height="121"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/square_80/article/2022-11/right%20to%20education%20-c-Riccardo%20Mayer-Shutterstock_0.jpeg.webp?itok=MZYbvR5i 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/webp" width="80" height="80"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/small_fixed/article/2022-11/right%20to%20education%20-c-Riccardo%20Mayer-Shutterstock_0.jpeg?itok=O_wRqKzE 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/jpeg" width="289" height="192"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/content_list/article/2022-11/right%20to%20education%20-c-Riccardo%20Mayer-Shutterstock_0.jpeg?itok=I2acgaPW 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="182" height="121"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/square_80/article/2022-11/right%20to%20education%20-c-Riccardo%20Mayer-Shutterstock_0.jpeg?itok=MZYbvR5i 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/jpeg" width="80" height="80"/> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/square_80/article/2022-11/right%20to%20education%20-c-Riccardo%20Mayer-Shutterstock_0.jpeg?itok=MZYbvR5i" width="80" height="80" alt="Right to Education" class="img-fluid" /> </picture></div></div></div><div class="wrapper"><p class="section-text is-arrow text-primary"><span>News</span></p><div class="title">Final deadline for the 11th consultation on the implementation of the 1960 Convention and Recommendation against Discrimination in Education</div><span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden"><time datetime="2024-10-08T12:54:10+02:00" class="datetime">8 October 2024</time></span></div></div> </a> </article></div><div class="field__item"><article class="media-small node node--type-article node--promoted node--view-mode-grid" data-terms-tags="430015" data-letter="P" data-nid="170768"> <a href="/en/articles/preliminary-report-first-draft-recommendation-ethics-neurotechnology" title="Preliminary Report on the first draft of the Recommendation on the Ethics of Neurotechnology"><div class="node__content"><div class="field field--name-field-ref-image field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item"><div class="media media--type-image media--view-mode-grid"><div class="field field--name-field-media-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/small_fixed/article/2023-04/neurotechnology_610px.jpg.webp?itok=FLegTpai 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/webp" width="289" height="192"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/content_list/article/2023-04/neurotechnology_610px.jpg.webp?itok=LI8qhBDp 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="182" height="121"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/square_80/article/2023-04/neurotechnology_610px.jpg.webp?itok=aokzAV9Y 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/webp" width="80" height="80"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/small_fixed/article/2023-04/neurotechnology_610px.jpg?itok=FLegTpai 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/jpeg" width="289" height="192"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/content_list/article/2023-04/neurotechnology_610px.jpg?itok=LI8qhBDp 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="182" height="121"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/square_80/article/2023-04/neurotechnology_610px.jpg?itok=aokzAV9Y 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/jpeg" width="80" height="80"/> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/square_80/article/2023-04/neurotechnology_610px.jpg?itok=aokzAV9Y" width="80" height="80" alt="Neurotechnology (graphic representation)" title="Neurotechnology" class="img-fluid" /> </picture></div></div></div><div class="wrapper"><p class="section-text is-arrow text-primary"><span>News</span></p><div class="title">Preliminary Report on the first draft of the Recommendation on the Ethics of Neurotechnology</div><span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden"><time datetime="2024-10-03T17:52:26+02:00" class="datetime">3 October 2024</time></span></div></div> </a> </article></div></div></div></div><div class="field__item"><div id="news" class="paragraph--hidden paragraph paragraph--type--content-search-landing paragraph--view-mode--default"></div></div><div class="field__item"><div id="governing-bodies" class="paragraph-border left paragraph paragraph--type--text-media-block paragraph--view-mode--default"><div class="row"><div class="wrapper-infos col-lg-6"><div class="field field--name-field-title field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item"><h2>Governing Bodies</h2></div><div class="rich-text clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-text field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p class="text-align-justify">The Office of International Standards and Legal Affairs provides centralized and independent legal advice to the General Conference, the Executive Board and other intergovernmental bodies.</p></div><div class="field field--name-field-links field--type-link field--label-hidden field__items"><div class="field__item"><a href="/en/legal-affairs/governing-bodies" class="btn btn-primary btn-arrow-right">Discover</a></div></div></div><div class="wrapper-image col-lg-6"><div class="field field--name-field-ref-image field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item"><div class="media media--type-image media--view-mode-medium"><div class="field field--name-field-media-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/paragraph_medium_desktop/public/2021-11/IMG_5881.jpg.webp?itok=W_mgjrv9 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/webp" width="610" height="407"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/paragraph_medium_tablet/public/2021-11/IMG_5881.jpg.webp?itok=TFHwEeqg 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="700" height="467"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/paragraph_medium_mobile/public/2021-11/IMG_5881.jpg.webp?itok=Z5MkDkSS 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/webp" width="327" height="218"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/paragraph_medium_desktop/public/2021-11/IMG_5881.jpg?itok=W_mgjrv9 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/jpeg" width="610" height="407"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/paragraph_medium_tablet/public/2021-11/IMG_5881.jpg?itok=TFHwEeqg 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="700" height="467"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/paragraph_medium_mobile/public/2021-11/IMG_5881.jpg?itok=Z5MkDkSS 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/jpeg" width="327" height="218"/> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/paragraph_medium_desktop/public/2021-11/IMG_5881.jpg?itok=W_mgjrv9" width="610" height="407" alt="generic salle I" class="img-fluid" /> </picture></div></div><div class="media--copyright field field--name-field-copyright field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item">UNESCO</div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="field__item"><div class="paragraph paragraph--type--cards-landing paragraph--view-mode--default"><div class="row"><div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 col-xl-3"> <a class="card card-height-fixed card-text card-overlay card-link-wrapper" data-uri-image-style="/sites/default/files/styles/card_1_column/public/2022-09/card-xs_governing-bodies_05.jpg?itok=Z8Hwr-V3" data-uri-image-style-mobile="/sites/default/files/styles/card_1_column/public/2022-09/card-xs_governing-bodies_05.jpg?itok=Z8Hwr-V3" href="/en/legal-affairs/constitution" title="UNESCO Constitution"><div class="card-arrow arrow-black"></div><div class="card-body"><div class="card-title">UNESCO Constitution</div></div> </a></div><div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 col-xl-3"> <a class="card card-height-fixed card-text card-overlay card-link-wrapper" data-uri-image-style="/sites/default/files/styles/card_1_column/public/2021-09/headquarters_flags_michel_ravassard.jpg?itok=j6_9hfdt" data-uri-image-style-mobile="/sites/default/files/styles/card_1_column/public/2021-09/headquarters_flags_michel_ravassard.jpg?itok=j6_9hfdt" href="/en/legal-affairs/governing-bodies#general-conference" title="General Conference"><div class="card-arrow arrow-black"></div><div class="card-body"><div class="card-title">General Conference</div></div> </a></div><div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 col-xl-3"> <a class="card card-height-fixed card-text card-overlay card-link-wrapper" data-uri-image-style="/sites/default/files/styles/card_1_column/public/2022-09/card-xs_governing-bodies_01.jpg?itok=NNTluNmI" data-uri-image-style-mobile="/sites/default/files/styles/card_1_column/public/2022-09/card-xs_governing-bodies_01.jpg?itok=NNTluNmI" href="/en/legal-affairs/governing-bodies#executive-board" title="Executive Board"><div class="card-arrow arrow-black"></div><div class="card-body"><div class="card-title">Executive Board</div></div> </a></div><div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 col-xl-3"> <a class="card card-height-fixed card-text card-overlay card-link-wrapper" data-uri-image-style="/sites/default/files/styles/card_1_column/public/2022-09/card-xs_governing-bodies_03.jpg?itok=-K9NbH8A" data-uri-image-style-mobile="/sites/default/files/styles/card_1_column/public/2022-09/card-xs_governing-bodies_03.jpg?itok=-K9NbH8A" href="/en/node/68061" title="Intergovernmental bodies"><div class="card-arrow arrow-black"></div><div class="card-body"><div class="card-title">Intergovernmental bodies</div></div> </a></div></div></div></div><div class="field__item"><div id="highlights" class="paragraph paragraph--type--cards-landing paragraph--view-mode--default"><div class="field field--name-field-title field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item"><h2>Highlights</h2></div><div class="row"><div class="col-lg-6"> <a class="card card-height-fixed card-text card-overlay card-link-wrapper" data-uri-image-style="/sites/default/files/styles/card_2_columns/public/2021-12/miro_moon_2.jpg?itok=Grug0XGr" data-uri-image-style-mobile="/sites/default/files/styles/card_1_column/public/2021-12/miro_moon_2.jpg?itok=G7VdN0O0" href="/en/legal-affairs/cr-committee" title="Committee on Conventions and Recommendations"><div class="card-arrow arrow-black"></div><div class="card-body"><div class="card-title">Committee on Conventions and Recommendations</div></div> </a></div><div class="col-lg-6"> <a class="card card-height-fixed card-text card-overlay card-link-wrapper" data-uri-image-style="/sites/default/files/styles/card_2_columns/public/2022-05/Comit%C3%A9%20juridique.jpg?itok=Hu5HyrXN" data-uri-image-style-mobile="/sites/default/files/styles/card_1_column/public/2022-05/Comit%C3%A9%20juridique.jpg?itok=xitIbadN" href="/en/legal-affairs/legal-committee" title="Legal Committee"><div class="card-arrow arrow-black"></div><div class="card-body"><div class="card-title">Legal Committee</div></div> </a></div></div></div></div><div class="field__item"><div id="standard-setting" class="paragraph-border left paragraph paragraph--type--text-media-block paragraph--view-mode--default"><div class="row"><div class="wrapper-infos col-lg-6"><div class="field field--name-field-title field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item"><h2>Standard-setting</h2></div><div class="rich-text clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-text field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p class="text-align-justify">The Office of International Standards and Legal Affairs contributes to the normative mandate of the Organization.</p></div><div class="field field--name-field-links field--type-link field--label-hidden field__items"><div class="field__item"><a href="/en/legal-affairs/standard-setting" class="btn btn-primary btn-arrow-right">Discover</a></div></div></div><div class="wrapper-image col-lg-6"><div class="field field--name-field-ref-image field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item"><div class="media media--type-image media--view-mode-medium"><div class="field field--name-field-media-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/paragraph_medium_desktop/public/2022-09/txt-media_vasarely-multi_02.jpg.webp?itok=fR8baNAC 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/webp" width="610" height="409"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/paragraph_medium_tablet/public/2022-09/txt-media_vasarely-multi_02.jpg.webp?itok=LzNDMtk1 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="610" height="409"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/paragraph_medium_mobile/public/2022-09/txt-media_vasarely-multi_02.jpg.webp?itok=Dq5Lg8n_ 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/webp" width="327" height="219"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/paragraph_medium_desktop/public/2022-09/txt-media_vasarely-multi_02.jpg?itok=fR8baNAC 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/jpeg" width="610" height="409"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/paragraph_medium_tablet/public/2022-09/txt-media_vasarely-multi_02.jpg?itok=LzNDMtk1 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="610" height="409"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/paragraph_medium_mobile/public/2022-09/txt-media_vasarely-multi_02.jpg?itok=Dq5Lg8n_ 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/jpeg" width="327" height="219"/> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/paragraph_medium_desktop/public/2022-09/txt-media_vasarely-multi_02.jpg?itok=fR8baNAC" width="610" height="409" alt="txt-media_vasarely-multi_02.jpg" class="img-fluid" /> </picture></div></div><div class="media--legend field field--name-field-legende field--type-string-long field--label-hidden field__item">Detail of the Vasarely composition</div><div class="media--copyright field field--name-field-copyright field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item">© UNESCO</div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="field__item"><div class="paragraph paragraph--type--cards-landing paragraph--view-mode--default"><div class="row"><div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 col-xl-3"> <a class="card card-height-fixed card-text card-overlay card-link-wrapper" data-uri-image-style="/sites/default/files/styles/card_1_column/public/2022-09/txt-media_vasarely-red.jpg?itok=R-h-5nRc" data-uri-image-style-mobile="/sites/default/files/styles/card_1_column/public/2022-09/txt-media_vasarely-red.jpg?itok=R-h-5nRc" href="/en/legal-affairs/standard-setting/conventions" title="Conventions"><div class="card-arrow arrow-black"></div><div class="card-body"><div class="card-title">Conventions</div></div> </a></div><div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 col-xl-3"> <a class="card card-height-fixed card-text card-overlay card-link-wrapper" data-uri-image-style="/sites/default/files/styles/card_1_column/public/2022-09/txt-media_vasarely-purple.jpg?itok=MhcwPXwV" data-uri-image-style-mobile="/sites/default/files/styles/card_1_column/public/2022-09/txt-media_vasarely-purple.jpg?itok=MhcwPXwV" href="/en/legal-affairs/standard-setting/recommendations" title="Recommendations"><div class="card-arrow arrow-black"></div><div class="card-body"><div class="card-title">Recommendations</div></div> </a></div><div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 col-xl-3"> <a class="card card-height-fixed card-text card-overlay card-link-wrapper" data-uri-image-style="/sites/default/files/styles/card_1_column/public/2022-09/txt-media_vasarely-yellow.jpg?itok=krGU6BBX" data-uri-image-style-mobile="/sites/default/files/styles/card_1_column/public/2022-09/txt-media_vasarely-yellow.jpg?itok=krGU6BBX" href="/en/legal-affairs/standard-setting/declarations" title="Declarations"><div class="card-arrow arrow-black"></div><div class="card-body"><div class="card-title">Declarations</div></div> </a></div><div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 col-xl-3"> <a class="card card-height-fixed card-text card-overlay card-link-wrapper" data-uri-image-style="/sites/default/files/styles/card_1_column/public/2022-09/Composition.JPG?itok=f7XemUNo" data-uri-image-style-mobile="/sites/default/files/styles/card_1_column/public/2022-09/Composition.JPG?itok=f7XemUNo" href="/en/node/67118" title="Standard-setting process"><div class="card-arrow arrow-black"></div><div class="card-body"><div class="card-title">Standard-setting process</div></div> </a></div></div></div></div><div class="field__item"><div id="highlights" class="paragraph paragraph--type--cards-landing paragraph--view-mode--default"><div class="field field--name-field-title field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item"><h2>Highlights</h2></div><div class="row"><div class="col-lg-6"> <a class="card card-height-fixed card-text card-overlay card-link-wrapper" data-uri-image-style="/sites/default/files/styles/card_2_columns/public/2022-09/51972334742_c5958e47cd_k.jpg?itok=V5s8R2Kf" data-uri-image-style-mobile="/sites/default/files/styles/card_1_column/public/2022-09/51972334742_c5958e47cd_k.jpg?itok=iCYq8XMK" href="https://www.unesco.org/en/legal-affairs/standard-setting/depository-letters#latest-ratifications" title="Latest ratifications"><div class="card-arrow arrow-black"></div><div class="card-body"><div class="card-title">Latest ratifications</div></div> </a></div><div class="col-lg-6"> <a class="card card-height-fixed card-text card-overlay card-link-wrapper" data-uri-image-style="/sites/default/files/styles/card_2_columns/article/courier/photos/vasarely.jpg?itok=pxOmG2PP" data-uri-image-style-mobile="/sites/default/files/styles/card_1_column/article/courier/photos/vasarely.jpg?itok=GCrluD57" href="https://www.unesco.org/en/legal-affairs/one-stop-shop" title="One-Stop Shop for the normative monitoring"><div class="card-arrow arrow-black"></div><div class="card-body"><div class="card-title">One-Stop Shop for the normative monitoring</div></div> </a></div></div></div></div><div class="field__item"><div id="legal-texts" class="paragraph-border left paragraph paragraph--type--text-media-block paragraph--view-mode--default"><div class="row"><div class="wrapper-infos col-lg-6"><div class="field field--name-field-title field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item"><h2>Legal Texts</h2></div><div class="rich-text clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-text field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p class="text-align-justify">The Office of International Standards and Legal Affairs contributes to the rule of law by interpreting UNESCO’s legal framework and providing legal service in the day-to-day work of the Secretariat worldwide.</p></div><div class="field field--name-field-links field--type-link field--label-hidden field__items"><div class="field__item"><a href="/en/legal-affairs/legal-texts-about" class="btn btn-primary btn-arrow-right">Discover</a></div></div></div><div class="wrapper-image col-lg-6"><div class="field field--name-field-ref-image field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item"><div class="media media--type-image media--view-mode-medium"><div class="field field--name-field-media-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/paragraph_medium_desktop/public/2022-04/ai_law_news.png.jpg.webp?itok=IamiJ293 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/webp" width="610" height="406"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/paragraph_medium_tablet/public/2022-04/ai_law_news.png.jpg.webp?itok=-cvokmOI 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="610" height="406"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/paragraph_medium_mobile/public/2022-04/ai_law_news.png.jpg.webp?itok=r7mHfFng 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/webp" width="327" height="218"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/paragraph_medium_desktop/public/2022-04/ai_law_news.png.jpg?itok=IamiJ293 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/jpeg" width="610" height="406"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/paragraph_medium_tablet/public/2022-04/ai_law_news.png.jpg?itok=-cvokmOI 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="610" height="406"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/paragraph_medium_mobile/public/2022-04/ai_law_news.png.jpg?itok=r7mHfFng 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/jpeg" width="327" height="218"/> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/paragraph_medium_desktop/public/2022-04/ai_law_news.png.jpg?itok=IamiJ293" width="610" height="406" alt="Artificial Intelligence and the Rule of Law" class="img-fluid" /> </picture></div></div><div class="media--copyright field field--name-field-copyright field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item">Canva</div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="field__item"><div class="paragraph--hidden paragraph paragraph--type--cards-landing paragraph--view-mode--default"></div></div><div class="field__item"><div class="carousel-cards paragraph paragraph--type--cards-landing paragraph--view-mode--default"><div class="row"><div class="col-lg-3"> <a class="card card-height-fixed card-text card-overlay card-link-wrapper" data-uri-image-style="/sites/default/files/styles/card_1_column/public/2024-03/Basic%20Texts%202024%20EN.jpg?itok=dcbPRv8N" data-uri-image-style-mobile="/sites/default/files/styles/card_1_column/public/2024-03/Basic%20Texts%202024%20EN.jpg?itok=dcbPRv8N" href="/en/legal-affairs/basictexts" title="Basic Texts"><div class="card-arrow arrow-black"></div><div class="card-body"><div class="card-title">Basic Texts</div></div> </a></div><div class="col-lg-3"> <a class="card card-height-fixed card-text card-overlay card-link-wrapper" data-uri-image-style="/sites/default/files/styles/card_1_column/public/2022-05/hammer-1707731.jpg?itok=X0blwMpo" data-uri-image-style-mobile="/sites/default/files/styles/card_1_column/public/2022-05/hammer-1707731.jpg?itok=X0blwMpo" href="/en/node/67118" title="Texts concerning UNESCO's standard-setting"><div class="card-arrow arrow-black"></div><div class="card-body"><div class="card-title">Texts concerning UNESCO's standard-setting</div></div> </a></div><div class="col-lg-3"> <a class="card card-height-fixed card-text card-overlay card-link-wrapper" data-uri-image-style="/sites/default/files/styles/card_1_column/public/2022-07/Diversity_2.jpg?itok=-CEsz_Ph" data-uri-image-style-mobile="/sites/default/files/styles/card_1_column/public/2022-07/Diversity_2.jpg?itok=-CEsz_Ph" href="/en/legal-affairs/legal-texts/unesco-specific-conv" title="Legal texts on conventions"><div class="card-arrow arrow-black"></div><div class="card-body"><div class="card-title">Legal texts on conventions</div></div> </a></div><div class="col-lg-3"> <a class="card card-height-fixed card-text card-overlay card-link-wrapper" data-uri-image-style="/sites/default/files/styles/card_1_column/public/2022-05/books-1204029.jpg?itok=GFCGZSSU" data-uri-image-style-mobile="/sites/default/files/styles/card_1_column/public/2022-05/books-1204029.jpg?itok=GFCGZSSU" href="/en/legal-affairs/other-legal-texts" title="Other Legal Texts"><div class="card-arrow arrow-black"></div><div class="card-body"><div class="card-title">Other Legal Texts</div></div> </a></div></div></div></div><div class="field__item"><div id="highlights" class="paragraph paragraph--type--cards-landing paragraph--view-mode--default"><div class="field field--name-field-title field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item"><h2>Highlights</h2></div><div class="row"><div class="col-lg-6"> <a class="card card-height-fixed card-text card-overlay card-link-wrapper" data-uri-image-style="/sites/default/files/styles/card_2_columns/public/2022-09/txt-media_picasso-icarus.jpg?itok=xSNDjkdT" data-uri-image-style-mobile="/sites/default/files/styles/card_1_column/public/2022-09/txt-media_picasso-icarus.jpg?itok=tW3tjlmL" href="https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000379755_eng/PDF/379755eng.pdf.multi" title="Model Rules of Procedure for assemblies of UNESCO's cultural conventions"><div class="card-arrow arrow-black"></div><div class="card-body"><div class="card-title">Model Rules of Procedure for assemblies of UNESCO's cultural conventions</div></div> </a></div><div class="col-lg-6"> <a class="card card-height-fixed card-text card-overlay card-link-wrapper" data-uri-image-style="/sites/default/files/styles/card_2_columns/public/2022-04/shutterstock_732217162.jpeg?itok=sh-58Thc" data-uri-image-style-mobile="/sites/default/files/styles/card_1_column/public/2022-04/shutterstock_732217162.jpeg?itok=aYfHjl9U" href="https://www.unesco.org/en/node/67198" title="Legal Publications"><div class="card-arrow arrow-black"></div><div class="card-body"><div class="card-title">Legal Publications</div></div> </a></div></div></div></div><div class="field__item"><div id="meetings" class="paragraph--hidden hide-date paragraph paragraph--type--content-list-custom-landing paragraph--view-mode--grid"></div></div><div class="field__item"><div id="documents" class="paragraph--hidden paragraph-border paragraph 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