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Xiaomeng Zhang - Academia.edu

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<div id="Pill-react-component-097b234a-915e-40ad-af6a-02a4e46ddb2a"></div> </a><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="68721843" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Democracy_and_Citizenship_Education"><div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="Pill" data-props="{&quot;color&quot;:&quot;gray&quot;,&quot;children&quot;:[&quot;Democracy and Citizenship Education&quot;]}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="Pill-react-component-d09c042d-eb15-4dca-9cd1-d2c0a434621a"></div> <div id="Pill-react-component-d09c042d-eb15-4dca-9cd1-d2c0a434621a"></div> </a><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="68721843" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Complex_Systems_Science"><div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="Pill" data-props="{&quot;color&quot;:&quot;gray&quot;,&quot;children&quot;:[&quot;Complex Systems Science&quot;]}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="Pill-react-component-a9f33d0f-ff25-42ad-a80f-ddd13ac2e9e5"></div> <div id="Pill-react-component-a9f33d0f-ff25-42ad-a80f-ddd13ac2e9e5"></div> </a></div></div></div></div><div class="right-panel-container"><div class="user-content-wrapper"><div class="uploads-container" id="social-redesign-work-container"><div class="upload-header"><h2 class="ds2-5-heading-sans-serif-xs">Uploads</h2></div><div class="documents-container backbone-social-profile-documents" style="width: 100%;"><div class="u-taCenter"></div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane active" id="all"><div class="profile--tab_heading_container js-section-heading" data-section="Papers" id="Papers"><h3 class="profile--tab_heading_container">Papers by Xiaomeng Zhang</h3></div><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="34605376"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/34605376/Evolutionary_Systems_A_Manifesto"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Evolutionary Systems. A Manifesto" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/54471346/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/34605376/Evolutionary_Systems_A_Manifesto">Evolutionary Systems. A Manifesto</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://udima.academia.edu/JoseMariaDiazNafria">Jose Maria Diaz Nafria</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AnnetteGrathoff">Annette Grathoff</a>, and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/XiaomengZhang3">Xiaomeng Zhang</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">After roughly 35 years of development in the theories of self-organization and related variants (...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">After roughly 35 years of development in the theories of self-organization and related variants (chaos, self-organized criticality, and so forth), it is somewhat of a surprise that physics proper has not yet sufficiently found its entry into the ongoing quest for a precise concept of information. Already as early as in the sixties of the last century, Fredkin and Zuse visualized the universe altogether as a digital computer, a line of argument that Wolfram has followed more recently. Not to speak of the even more recent theories on quantum information that emerged during the nineties and tended from the beginning on to coupling generically to theories of quantum gravity. As Deutsch ([3], 93, 100) has formulated: &quot; [...] [b]its, Boolean variables, and classical computation are all emergent or approximate properties of qubits, manifested mainly when they undergo de-coherence [...]. The world is made of qubits [...]. What we perceive to some degree of approximation as a world of single-valued variables is actually part of a larger reality in which the full answer to a yes-no question is not just yes or no, nor even both yes and no in parallel, but a quantum-observable鈥攕omething that can be represented as a large Hermitian matrix &quot;. In fact, we would rather tend to add energy-mass (= matter) to this as a second register, because, if visualizing the universe as a quantum computer, this means that a computer consists of both hardware and software, respectively. Energy (or matter as to that) stands for the former, information for the latter. This viewpoint goes actually back as far as to John Wheeler in 1977 whose perspective led at the time to the famous &quot; it-from-bit &quot; thesis proposing that &quot; the universe be fundamentally an information processing system from which the appearance of matter emerges at a higher level of reality &quot;. (Davies [2], 10) In fact, very much in the sense of Deutsch [3], both Zizzi [16] and Lloyd ([6,7]) generalized this thesis by replacing it in terms of a new &quot; it-from-qubit &quot; thesis. It is in particular Lloyd who developed the cosmological implications in detail when presenting his work in 2006 and 2010. For him, the big bang was also a bit bang. Hence, within our picture, it is ultimately both matter and information that show up as two different aspects of the same underlying primordial structure. It is especially in loop quantum gravity that these features are most prominent, the adequate modelling language being that of topos theory. In the meantime, recent work on the concept of quantum de-coherence (Schlosshauer [8]) as well as on its origin in gravity itself (Zych, Pikovksi, Costa, Brukner [17]) has clarified this viewpoint even more. From this development in physics and its philosophical conceptualization we can draw a number of relevant conclusions which are listed in the following manifesto.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="b712833ac05663d883892d612ace4ee3" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{&quot;attachment_id&quot;:54471346,&quot;asset_id&quot;:34605376,&quot;asset_type&quot;:&quot;Work&quot;,&quot;button_location&quot;:&quot;profile&quot;}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/54471346/download_file?st=MTczMjc3Mzc1MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="34605376"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="34605376"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 34605376; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=34605376]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=34605376]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 34605376; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='34605376']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 34605376, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "b712833ac05663d883892d612ace4ee3" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=34605376]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":34605376,"title":"Evolutionary Systems. 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What we perceive to some degree of approximation as a world of single-valued variables is actually part of a larger reality in which the full answer to a yes-no question is not just yes or no, nor even both yes and no in parallel, but a quantum-observable鈥攕omething that can be represented as a large Hermitian matrix \". In fact, we would rather tend to add energy-mass (= matter) to this as a second register, because, if visualizing the universe as a quantum computer, this means that a computer consists of both hardware and software, respectively. Energy (or matter as to that) stands for the former, information for the latter. This viewpoint goes actually back as far as to John Wheeler in 1977 whose perspective led at the time to the famous \" it-from-bit \" thesis proposing that \" the universe be fundamentally an information processing system from which the appearance of matter emerges at a higher level of reality \". (Davies [2], 10) In fact, very much in the sense of Deutsch [3], both Zizzi [16] and Lloyd ([6,7]) generalized this thesis by replacing it in terms of a new \" it-from-qubit \" thesis. It is in particular Lloyd who developed the cosmological implications in detail when presenting his work in 2006 and 2010. For him, the big bang was also a bit bang. Hence, within our picture, it is ultimately both matter and information that show up as two different aspects of the same underlying primordial structure. It is especially in loop quantum gravity that these features are most prominent, the adequate modelling language being that of topos theory. In the meantime, recent work on the concept of quantum de-coherence (Schlosshauer [8]) as well as on its origin in gravity itself (Zych, Pikovksi, Costa, Brukner [17]) has clarified this viewpoint even more. 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A Manifesto" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/54471346/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/34605376/Evolutionary_Systems_A_Manifesto">Evolutionary Systems. A Manifesto</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://udima.academia.edu/JoseMariaDiazNafria">Jose Maria Diaz Nafria</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AnnetteGrathoff">Annette Grathoff</a>, and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/XiaomengZhang3">Xiaomeng Zhang</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">After roughly 35 years of development in the theories of self-organization and related variants (...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">After roughly 35 years of development in the theories of self-organization and related variants (chaos, self-organized criticality, and so forth), it is somewhat of a surprise that physics proper has not yet sufficiently found its entry into the ongoing quest for a precise concept of information. Already as early as in the sixties of the last century, Fredkin and Zuse visualized the universe altogether as a digital computer, a line of argument that Wolfram has followed more recently. Not to speak of the even more recent theories on quantum information that emerged during the nineties and tended from the beginning on to coupling generically to theories of quantum gravity. As Deutsch ([3], 93, 100) has formulated: &quot; [...] [b]its, Boolean variables, and classical computation are all emergent or approximate properties of qubits, manifested mainly when they undergo de-coherence [...]. The world is made of qubits [...]. What we perceive to some degree of approximation as a world of single-valued variables is actually part of a larger reality in which the full answer to a yes-no question is not just yes or no, nor even both yes and no in parallel, but a quantum-observable鈥攕omething that can be represented as a large Hermitian matrix &quot;. In fact, we would rather tend to add energy-mass (= matter) to this as a second register, because, if visualizing the universe as a quantum computer, this means that a computer consists of both hardware and software, respectively. Energy (or matter as to that) stands for the former, information for the latter. This viewpoint goes actually back as far as to John Wheeler in 1977 whose perspective led at the time to the famous &quot; it-from-bit &quot; thesis proposing that &quot; the universe be fundamentally an information processing system from which the appearance of matter emerges at a higher level of reality &quot;. (Davies [2], 10) In fact, very much in the sense of Deutsch [3], both Zizzi [16] and Lloyd ([6,7]) generalized this thesis by replacing it in terms of a new &quot; it-from-qubit &quot; thesis. It is in particular Lloyd who developed the cosmological implications in detail when presenting his work in 2006 and 2010. For him, the big bang was also a bit bang. Hence, within our picture, it is ultimately both matter and information that show up as two different aspects of the same underlying primordial structure. It is especially in loop quantum gravity that these features are most prominent, the adequate modelling language being that of topos theory. In the meantime, recent work on the concept of quantum de-coherence (Schlosshauer [8]) as well as on its origin in gravity itself (Zych, Pikovksi, Costa, Brukner [17]) has clarified this viewpoint even more. From this development in physics and its philosophical conceptualization we can draw a number of relevant conclusions which are listed in the following manifesto.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="b712833ac05663d883892d612ace4ee3" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{&quot;attachment_id&quot;:54471346,&quot;asset_id&quot;:34605376,&quot;asset_type&quot;:&quot;Work&quot;,&quot;button_location&quot;:&quot;profile&quot;}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/54471346/download_file?st=MTczMjc3Mzc1MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="34605376"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="34605376"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 34605376; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=34605376]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=34605376]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 34605376; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='34605376']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 34605376, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "b712833ac05663d883892d612ace4ee3" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=34605376]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":34605376,"title":"Evolutionary Systems. 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