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North Texas</a>, <a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://unt.academia.edu/Departments/Physics/Documents">Physics</a>, <span class="u-tcGrayDarker">Graduate Student</span></div></div></div></div><div class="sidebar-cta-container"><button class="ds2-5-button hidden profile-cta-button grow js-profile-follow-button" data-broccoli-component="user-info.follow-button" data-click-track="profile-user-info-follow-button" data-follow-user-fname="Nicola" data-follow-user-id="37775783" data-follow-user-source="profile_button" data-has-google="false"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">add</span>Follow</button><button class="ds2-5-button hidden profile-cta-button grow js-profile-unfollow-button" data-broccoli-component="user-info.unfollow-button" data-click-track="profile-user-info-unfollow-button" data-unfollow-user-id="37775783"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">done</span>Following</button></div></div><div 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="77732504"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/77732504/Nonergodic_complexity_management"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Nonergodic complexity management" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/85021863/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/77732504/Nonergodic_complexity_management">Nonergodic complexity management</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Physical review. E</span><span>, Jun 1, 2016</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Linear response theory, the backbone of nonequilibrium statistical physics, has recently been ext...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Linear response theory, the backbone of nonequilibrium statistical physics, has recently been extended to explain how and why nonergodic renewal processes are insensitive to simple perturbations, such as in habituation. It was established that a permanent correlation results between an external stimulus and the response of a complex system generating nonergodic renewal processes, when the stimulus is a similar nonergodic process. This is the principle of complexity management, whose proof relies on ensemble distribution functions. 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The path of manual subtitling is no longe...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The subtitling demand has grown quickly over the years. The path of manual subtitling is no longer feasible, due to increased costs and reduced production times. Assisted Subtitling is an emerging technique, consisting in the application of Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) to automatically generate program transcripts. This paper will report on recent advances in ASR, presenting SAVAS, a novel Speaker Independent ASR technology specifically designed for Live Subtitling. We will describe the technology, presenting its features and detailing language and domain-specific tunings that we have carried out. We will also introduce the S.Scribe!, S.Live! and S.Respeak! systems, which are based on SAVAS. S.Scribe! is a batch Speaker Independent Transcription system for subtitling. S.Live! is a first-of-a-kind Speaker Independent Transcription System, with real-time performances for online subtitling. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="17862653"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/17862653/Automating_live_and_batch_subtitling_of_multimedia_contents_for_several_European_languages"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Automating live and batch subtitling of multimedia contents for several European languages" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/17862653/Automating_live_and_batch_subtitling_of_multimedia_contents_for_several_European_languages">Automating live and batch subtitling of multimedia contents for several European languages</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://unt.academia.edu/NicolaPiccinini">Nicola Piccinini</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://inesc-id-pt.academia.edu/CarlosMendes">Carlos Mendes</a>, and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/S%C3%A9rgioPaulo2">Sérgio Paulo</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Multimedia Tools and Applications</span><span>, 2015</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="17862653"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="17862653"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 17862653; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="17862652"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/17862652/Assisted_subtitling_a_new_opportunity_for_access_services"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Assisted subtitling: a new opportunity for access services" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/17862652/Assisted_subtitling_a_new_opportunity_for_access_services">Assisted subtitling: a new opportunity for access services</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://unt.academia.edu/NicolaPiccinini">Nicola Piccinini</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://inesc-id-pt.academia.edu/CarlosMendes">Carlos Mendes</a>, and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MatteoRaffaelli">Matteo Raffaelli</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>International Broadcasting Convention (IBC) 2014 Conference</span><span>, 2014</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">ABSTRACT The demand for Access Services has quickly grown over the years, mainly due to National ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">ABSTRACT The demand for Access Services has quickly grown over the years, mainly due to National and International laws. This trend is expected to consolidate for subtitling in particular, as almost every broadcaster is nowadays working with digital content: large amounts of existing assets are going to be digitized in the near future. In terms of accessibility, digitalization is a very challenging task that can be turned into a profitable process if addressed with adequate technology. In this paper we will focus on an emerging technique: Assisted Subtitling. Assisted Subtitling consists in the application of Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) to generate transcripts of programs and to use the transcripts as the basis for subtitles. This paper will report on recent advances in ASR, presenting SAVAS, a novel Speaker Independent ASR technology specifically designed for Live Subtitling. We will describe the technology and, evaluating its performances, we will present the promising results we have so far achieved.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="17862652"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="17862652"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 17862652; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=17862652]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=17862652]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 17862652; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='17862652']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 17862652, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=17862652]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":17862652,"title":"Assisted subtitling: a new opportunity for access services","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"ABSTRACT The demand for Access Services has quickly grown over the years, mainly due to National and International laws. 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We will describe the technology and, evaluating its performances, we will present the promising results we have so far achieved.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2014,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"International Broadcasting Convention (IBC) 2014 Conference"},"translated_abstract":"ABSTRACT The demand for Access Services has quickly grown over the years, mainly due to National and International laws. This trend is expected to consolidate for subtitling in particular, as almost every broadcaster is nowadays working with digital content: large amounts of existing assets are going to be digitized in the near future. In terms of accessibility, digitalization is a very challenging task that can be turned into a profitable process if addressed with adequate technology. In this paper we will focus on an emerging technique: Assisted Subtitling. Assisted Subtitling consists in the application of Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) to generate transcripts of programs and to use the transcripts as the basis for subtitles. This paper will report on recent advances in ASR, presenting SAVAS, a novel Speaker Independent ASR technology specifically designed for Live Subtitling. 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Herein, we use criticality for the foundation of a novel generation of game theory making the local interaction between players yield long-range effects. We first establish that criticality is not confined to the Ising-like structure of the sociological model of , called the decision making model (DMM), through the study of the emergence of altruism using the altruismselfishness model (ASM). Both models generate criticality, one by imitation of opinion (DMM) and the other by imitation of behavior (ASM). The dynamics of a sociological network S influences the behavioral network F through two game theoretic paradigms: (i) the value of altruism; (ii) the benefit of rapid consensus. In (i), the network S debates the moral issue of altruism by means of the DMM, while at the level F the individuals operate according to the ASM. The individuals of the level S, through a weak influence on the individuals of the level F, exert a societal control on F, fitting the principle of complexity management and complexity matching. In (ii), the benefit to society is the rapid attainment of consensus in the S level. The agents of the level F operate according to the prisoner's dilemma prescription, with the defectors acting as DMM contrarians at the level S. The contrarians, acting as the inhibitory links of neural networks, exert on society the same beneficial effect of maintaining the criticality-induced resilience that they generate in neural networks. The conflict between personal and social benefit makes the networks evolve toward criticality. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="77732504"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/77732504/Nonergodic_complexity_management"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Nonergodic complexity management" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/85021863/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/77732504/Nonergodic_complexity_management">Nonergodic complexity management</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Physical review. E</span><span>, Jun 1, 2016</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Linear response theory, the backbone of nonequilibrium statistical physics, has recently been ext...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Linear response theory, the backbone of nonequilibrium statistical physics, has recently been extended to explain how and why nonergodic renewal processes are insensitive to simple perturbations, such as in habituation. It was established that a permanent correlation results between an external stimulus and the response of a complex system generating nonergodic renewal processes, when the stimulus is a similar nonergodic process. This is the principle of complexity management, whose proof relies on ensemble distribution functions. Herein we extend the proof to the nonergodic case using time averages and a single time series, hence making it usable in real life situations where ensemble averages cannot be performed because of the very nature of the complex systems being studied.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="f0a094fb2416e8a99c0ac116fae4d998" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":85021863,"asset_id":77732504,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/85021863/download_file?st=MTczMjcwOTc1MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjcwOTc1MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="77732504"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="77732504"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 77732504; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=77732504]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=77732504]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 77732504; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='77732504']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 77732504, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "f0a094fb2416e8a99c0ac116fae4d998" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=77732504]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":77732504,"title":"Nonergodic complexity management","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Linear response theory, the backbone of nonequilibrium statistical physics, has recently been extended to explain how and why nonergodic renewal processes are insensitive to simple perturbations, such as in habituation. 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The path of manual subtitling is no longe...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The subtitling demand has grown quickly over the years. The path of manual subtitling is no longer feasible, due to increased costs and reduced production times. Assisted Subtitling is an emerging technique, consisting in the application of Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) to automatically generate program transcripts. This paper will report on recent advances in ASR, presenting SAVAS, a novel Speaker Independent ASR technology specifically designed for Live Subtitling. We will describe the technology, presenting its features and detailing language and domain-specific tunings that we have carried out. We will also introduce the S.Scribe!, S.Live! and S.Respeak! systems, which are based on SAVAS. S.Scribe! is a batch Speaker Independent Transcription system for subtitling. S.Live! is a first-of-a-kind Speaker Independent Transcription System, with real-time performances for online subtitling. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="17862652"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/17862652/Assisted_subtitling_a_new_opportunity_for_access_services"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Assisted subtitling: a new opportunity for access services" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/17862652/Assisted_subtitling_a_new_opportunity_for_access_services">Assisted subtitling: a new opportunity for access services</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://unt.academia.edu/NicolaPiccinini">Nicola Piccinini</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://inesc-id-pt.academia.edu/CarlosMendes">Carlos Mendes</a>, and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MatteoRaffaelli">Matteo Raffaelli</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>International Broadcasting Convention (IBC) 2014 Conference</span><span>, 2014</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">ABSTRACT The demand for Access Services has quickly grown over the years, mainly due to National ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">ABSTRACT The demand for Access Services has quickly grown over the years, mainly due to National and International laws. This trend is expected to consolidate for subtitling in particular, as almost every broadcaster is nowadays working with digital content: large amounts of existing assets are going to be digitized in the near future. In terms of accessibility, digitalization is a very challenging task that can be turned into a profitable process if addressed with adequate technology. In this paper we will focus on an emerging technique: Assisted Subtitling. Assisted Subtitling consists in the application of Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) to generate transcripts of programs and to use the transcripts as the basis for subtitles. This paper will report on recent advances in ASR, presenting SAVAS, a novel Speaker Independent ASR technology specifically designed for Live Subtitling. 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Herein, we use criticality for the foundation of a novel generation of game theory making the local interaction between players yield long-range effects. We first establish that criticality is not confined to the Ising-like structure of the sociological model of , called the decision making model (DMM), through the study of the emergence of altruism using the altruismselfishness model (ASM). Both models generate criticality, one by imitation of opinion (DMM) and the other by imitation of behavior (ASM). The dynamics of a sociological network S influences the behavioral network F through two game theoretic paradigms: (i) the value of altruism; (ii) the benefit of rapid consensus. In (i), the network S debates the moral issue of altruism by means of the DMM, while at the level F the individuals operate according to the ASM. The individuals of the level S, through a weak influence on the individuals of the level F, exert a societal control on F, fitting the principle of complexity management and complexity matching. In (ii), the benefit to society is the rapid attainment of consensus in the S level. The agents of the level F operate according to the prisoner's dilemma prescription, with the defectors acting as DMM contrarians at the level S. The contrarians, acting as the inhibitory links of neural networks, exert on society the same beneficial effect of maintaining the criticality-induced resilience that they generate in neural networks. The conflict between personal and social benefit makes the networks evolve toward criticality. 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