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{"work":{"id":41228333,"created_at":"2019-12-08T18:54:11.319-08:00","from_world_paper_id":null,"updated_at":"2021-01-17T21:57:40.748-08:00","_data":{"abstract":"Resumen teórico de los principales tópicos que suelen impartirse en un curso de física moderna","publication_date":"2019,,"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"es","title":"Física Moderna - Resumen teórico","broadcastable":true,"draft":false,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [90708779]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "full_page_mobile_sutd_modal"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loginModal = {}; window.loginModal.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon'; window.userInChina = "false";</script><script defer="" 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class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">Física Moderna - Resumen teórico</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="90708779" href="https://una.academia.edu/tunier"><img alt="Profile image of Javier Rodríguez" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/90708779/20437586/29815229/s65_javier.rodr_guez.jpg" />Javier Rodríguez</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2019</p><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">visibility</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm" 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donde a continuación procederemos a la explicación correspondiente de cada uno de los temas respondiendo las incógnitas que dejan los fenómenos que se vieron en cada experimento.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Fenomenos de la Fisica Moderna","attachmentId":40549230,"attachmentType":"docx","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/19310027/Fenomenos_de_la_Fisica_Moderna","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/19310027/Fenomenos_de_la_Fisica_Moderna"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="32624734" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/32624734/La_teor%C3%ADa_moderna">La teoría moderna</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="63424832" href="https://independent.academia.edu/GIULIANATAPIACORREA">GIULIANA TAPIA CORREA</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">LA LóGICA detrás de la recomendación de diversificar una cartera de inversión es simple: mantener un único títulovalor en una cartera de inversión hace que ésta pueda sufrir varia ciones amplias en sus rendimientos. Si el precio de ese único títulovalor baja drásticamente, de igual manera caerá el valor total de la cartera de inversión, lo que afectará gravemente al inversionista. Si se incluyen dos instrumentos financieros en la cartera de inversión, a menos que ambos bajen drásticamente y de manera simultánea, la cartera mantendría un valor mayor en caso de que la bolsa cayese repentinamente. En la medida en que una cartera esté constituida por instrumentos financieros que no se en cuentren correlacionados, o tengan una baja correlación entre sí, el riesgo total de la cartera, medido por sus fluctuaciones a lo largo del tiempo, será cada vez menor. El coeficiente de correlación mide el grado de asociación entre dos variables aleatorias. Si las variables tienen un comportamiento exactamente igual, se dice que están «perfectamente correlacionadas» o que su correlación es igual a 1. Por ejemplo, cuando la primera variable aumenta diez por ciento la segunda también aumenta diez por ciento; cuando la primera baja cinco por ciento la segunda también disminuye cinco por ciento; y así sucesivamente. En el caso contrario, cuando las variables se comportan de manera per fectamente opuesta, se dice que están correlacionadas negativamente o que su correlación es igual a 1. Si las variables no exhiben asociación alguna, se dice que su correlación es igual a cero. La información disponible muestra que, en los mercados de valores de Estados Unidos, con alrededor de diez a quince acciones se obtienen los principales beneficios de la diversificación; es decir, se logra disminuir las fluctuaciones de la cartera hasta un setenta por ciento con respec to a las fluctuaciones promedio de una acción de una empresa. Cuando se utilizan instrumentos que se comportan como índices de clases de activos, tales como los «fondos cotizados en bolsa» (ETF por sus siglas en inglés) o fondos indexados, la cantidad de instrumentos necesarios para lograr una buena diversificación de la cartera puede ser significativamente menor. El rendimiento de una cartera de inversión es el promedio ponderado de los rendimientos de cada uno de los instrumentos que la integran. Por ejemplo, supóngase una cartera formada por dos activos, el primero de los cuales representa el sesenta por ciento de la cartera y arroja un rendimiento de ocho por ciento, mientras que el segundo registra un rendimiento de cuatro por ciento y representa el cuarenta por ciento restante. El rendimiento de esta cartera sería: (8% x 0,6) + (4% x 0,4) = 6,40 por ciento. Los retornos, más allá del riesgo en que se incurre para obtenerlos, son sólo parte de la información que el inversionista necesita conocer acerca de sus inversiones. El riesgo individual de un instrumento financiero tampoco revela mucho, si se maneja una cartera de inversiones diversificada. En este caso, el efecto del riesgo de cada instrumento tiende a diluirse; especialmente cuando se ha logrado obtener un buen grado de diversificación. La teoría moderna de portafolios y el principio de la diversificación, formulados originalmente por Harry Markowitz en 1952, enfrentan hoy nuevos retos. Bajos rendimientos y volatilidad en los precios de las acciones en los mercados de valores de los países desarrollados han empujado a los inversionistas hacia nuevos vehículos de inversión y nuevos mercados que ofrezcan mayores rendimientos, aunque con un mayor riesgo, como es el caso de los mercados emergentes.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"La teoría moderna","attachmentId":52795547,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/32624734/La_teor%C3%ADa_moderna","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/32624734/La_teor%C3%ADa_moderna"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="39546113" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/39546113/PRINCIPIOS_DE_LA_TEORIA_ATOMICA_MODERNA">PRINCIPIOS DE LA TEORIA ATOMICA MODERNA</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="116836428" href="https://jbg.academia.edu/NOELIALLANOS">NOELIA LLANOS</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">La teoría atómica moderna es una teoría que explica el comportamiento de los átomos. Pero no es una teoría que se haya construido rápidamente, ya que tiene más de dos siglos de historia, pasando por los filósofos griegos y llegando a los experimentos de alta tecnología. ¿Quieres conocerla? Principio de la teoría atómica moderna • Toda la materia está hecha de átomos, que no pueden ser destruidos ni creados. • Los átomos están hechos de electrones, protones y neutrones, no es indivisible pero sí es la partícula más pequeña que toma parte en las reacciones químicas. • Los átomos de unos elementos pueden tener masas variables, eso se llama isótopos. • Los átomos de diferentes elementos pueden tener el mismo número de masa. Se llaman isobaras. MODELOS ATOMICOS 1.-Modelo atómico de Demócrito (450 a.c) Demócrito, fue un filósofo y matemático griego que vivió entre los siglos V-IV a. C.1 2 Discípulo de Leucipo, se le llama también «el filósofo que ríe». Pensador con un amplio campo de intereses, es especialmente recordado por su concepción atomista de la materia. Se considera a menudo a Demócrito «el padre de la física» o «el padre de la ciencia moderna». Tradicionalmente se le considera un filósofo presocrático, aunque es un error de cronología, ya que fue contemporáneo de Sócrates. Desde el punto de vista filosófico se le asocia a los presocráticos por su temática (physis), mientras que Sócrates y los filósofos que le siguieron abordaron una temática ético-política. El atomismo Demócrito desarrolló la «teoría atómica del universo», concebida por su mentor, el filósofo Leucipo. Esta teoría, al igual que todas las teorías filosóficas griegas, no apoya sus postulados mediante experimentos, sino que se explica mediante razonamientos lógicos. Defiende que toda la materia no es más que una mezcla de elementos originarios que poseen las características de inmutabilidad y eternidad, concebidos como entidades infinitamente pequeñas y, por tanto, imperceptibles para los sentidos, a las que Demócrito llamó átomo (1 F 0 4 τομο), que son dos palabras griegas que significan 1 F 0 4 (a)=sin | τομο (tomo)=división, «indivisible», o «sin división».11 La teoría atomista de Demócrito y Leucipo se puede esquematizar así: • Los átomos son eternos, indivisibles, homogéneos, indestructibles, e invisibles.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"PRINCIPIOS DE LA TEORIA ATOMICA MODERNA","attachmentId":59697454,"attachmentType":"docx","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/39546113/PRINCIPIOS_DE_LA_TEORIA_ATOMICA_MODERNA","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/39546113/PRINCIPIOS_DE_LA_TEORIA_ATOMICA_MODERNA"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="33183888" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/33183888/resumen_de_f%C3%ADsica_cl%C3%A1sica_pdf">resumen de física clásica.pdf</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="43178967" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MatiasLangenbachPoblete">Matías Langenbach</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">resumen adquirido</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"resumen de física clásica.pdf","attachmentId":53267169,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/33183888/resumen_de_f%C3%ADsica_cl%C3%A1sica_pdf","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/33183888/resumen_de_f%C3%ADsica_cl%C3%A1sica_pdf"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="91244147" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/91244147/La_F%C3%ADsica_Contempor%C3%A1nea_y_algunas_conexiones_con_la_Ingenier%C3%ADa">La Física Contemporánea y algunas conexiones con la Ingeniería</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="246408497" href="https://independent.academia.edu/Mat%C3%ADasEzequiel7">Matías Ezequiel</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">En este trabajo se desarrollan temas de la física contemporánea y algunas conexiones con la ingeniería que han favorecido su desarrollo reciente. Estos temas se abordan siguiendo su evolución a lo largo de la historia, desde los principios de la mecánica y el electromagnetismo, hasta los más recientes ligados de la relatividad. Introducimos los temas hablando inicialmente del espacio-tiempo, del universo y las Simetrías, siendo algunos conceptos no tan intuitivos, lo que permite afrontar los temas posteriormente con mayor fluidez. Presentamos los comienzos de la mecánica newtoniana y el movimiento de los cuerpos celestes según las leyes de Kepler, incluyendo el principio de mínima acción que nos permite describir el comportamiento dinámico de las partículas para llegar al desarrollo de Euler Lagrange de modo de disponer del formalismo básico. Presentamos los comienzos de la teoría de la relatividad a partir de la concepción de Galileo y, usando las transformaciones de Lorentz, conti...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"La Física Contemporánea y algunas conexiones con la Ingeniería","attachmentId":94586175,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/91244147/La_F%C3%ADsica_Contempor%C3%A1nea_y_algunas_conexiones_con_la_Ingenier%C3%ADa","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/91244147/La_F%C3%ADsica_Contempor%C3%A1nea_y_algunas_conexiones_con_la_Ingenier%C3%ADa"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="5141182" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/5141182/Conceptos_de_Modernidad_resumen">Conceptos de Modernidad resumen</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="6935004" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MaturanaMauricio">Mauricio Maturana</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Se puede decir que la modernidad es una cultura completa, con un ciclo de vida intelectual entretejido, primero, a las sociedades europeas, y luego, con aquellas otras que heredan o se les impuso su modelo mediante la anexión o la conquista imperial como América, Asia o África.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Conceptos de Modernidad resumen","attachmentId":32342217,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/5141182/Conceptos_de_Modernidad_resumen","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/5141182/Conceptos_de_Modernidad_resumen"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="35820206" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/35820206/F%C3%ADsica_universitaria_CON_F%C3%8DSICA_MODERNA">Física universitaria CON FÍSICA MODERNA</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="75773939" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ANGELROBLES30">ANGEL ROBLES</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Física universitaria CON FÍSICA MODERNA","attachmentId":55697195,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/35820206/F%C3%ADsica_universitaria_CON_F%C3%8DSICA_MODERNA","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/35820206/F%C3%ADsica_universitaria_CON_F%C3%8DSICA_MODERNA"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="122264001" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/122264001/Resumen_de_F%C3%ADsica_II">Resumen de Física II</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="200387152" href="https://independent.academia.edu/CorradiniPaula">Paula Corradini</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Resumen de Física II","attachmentId":116966451,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/122264001/Resumen_de_F%C3%ADsica_II","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/122264001/Resumen_de_F%C3%ADsica_II"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="10024450" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/10024450/Desarrollo_de_la_f%C3%ADsica_moderna">Desarrollo de la física moderna</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="24407146" href="https://independent.academia.edu/OscarMartinez57">Oscar Martinez</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Unos cuatro o cinco siglos antes de Cristo, los filósofos griegos se preguntaban si la materia podía ser dividida indefinidamente o si llegaría a un punto en las que tales partículas, fueran indivisibles. Es así, como Demócrito formula la teoría de que la materia se compone de partículas indivisibles, a las que llamó átomos (del griego átomos, indivisible). En 1803 el químico inglés John Dalton propone una nueva teoría sobre la constitución de la materia. Según Dalton toda la materia se podía dividir en dos grandes grupos: los elementos y los compuestos. Los elementos: estarían constituidos por unidades fundamentales, que en honor a Demócrito, Dalton denominó átomos. Los compuestos: se constituirían de moléculas, cuya estructura viene dada por la unión de átomos en proporciones definidas y constantes. La teoría de Dalton seguía considerando el hecho de que los átomos eran partículas indivisibles. Hacia finales del siglo XIX, se descubrió que los átomos no son indivisibles, pues se componen de varios tipos de partículas elementales. La primera en ser descubierta fue el electrón en el año 1897 por el investigador Sir Joseph Thomson, quién recibió el Premio Nobel de Física en 1906. Posteriormente, Hantaro Nagaoka (1865-1950 durante sus trabajos realizados en Tokio, propone su teoría según la cual los electrones girarían en órbitas alrededor de un cuerpo central cargado positivamente, al igual que los planetas alrededor del Sol. Hoy día sabemos que la carga positiva del átomo se concentra en un denso núcleo muy pequeño, en cuyo alrededor giran los electrones. El núcleo del átomo se descubre gracias a los trabajos realizados en la Universidad de Manchester, bajo la dirección de Ernest Rutherford entre los años 1909 a 1911. El experimento utilizado consistía en dirigir un haz de partículas de cierta energía contra una plancha metálica delgada, de las probabilidades que tal barrera desviara la trayectoria de las partículas, se dedujo la distribución de la carga eléctrica al interior de los átomos.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Desarrollo de la física moderna","attachmentId":36157759,"attachmentType":"docx","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/10024450/Desarrollo_de_la_f%C3%ADsica_moderna","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/10024450/Desarrollo_de_la_f%C3%ADsica_moderna"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":61458901,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":61458901,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_61458901" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. 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