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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Justice System of Romania</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks vcard"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of the <a href="/wiki/Category:Politics" title="Category:Politics">Politics series</a></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="border-top:1px #fafafa solid; border-bottom:1px #fafafa solid; background:#efefef; background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000); padding:0.2em;"><div class="adr"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Romania" title="Politics of Romania">Politics of Romania</a></div></th></tr><tr><th><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Romania.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Coat of arms of Romania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Coat_of_arms_of_Romania.svg/120px-Coat_of_arms_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Coat_of_arms_of_Romania.svg/180px-Coat_of_arms_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Coat_of_arms_of_Romania.svg/240px-Coat_of_arms_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="670" data-file-height="970" /></a></span></th></tr><tr><th style="border-bottom: #aaa 1px solid"></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000); text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Romania" title="Constitution of Romania">Constitution</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li>Referendums <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/1991_Romanian_constitutional_referendum" title="1991 Romanian constitutional referendum">1991 <span style="font-size:85%;">(adoption)</span></a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2003_Romanian_constitutional_referendum" title="2003 Romanian constitutional referendum">2003 <span style="font-size:85%;">(amendments)</span></a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Court_of_Romania" title="Constitutional Court of Romania">Constitutional Court</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000); text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Romania" title="Government of Romania">Government</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Romania" title="President of Romania">President</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_Romania" title="List of presidents of Romania">list</a>) <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Klaus_Iohannis" title="Klaus Iohannis">Klaus Iohannis</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Romania" title="Prime Minister of Romania">Prime Minister</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_government_of_Romania" title="List of heads of government of Romania">list</a>) <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Marcel_Ciolacu" title="Marcel Ciolacu">Marcel Ciolacu</a></dd></dl></li></ul> <ul><li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Romania" title="Government of Romania">Cabinet</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ciolacu_Cabinet" class="mw-redirect" title="Ciolacu Cabinet">current</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_Romanian_governments" title="List of Romanian governments">list</a>)</li></ul></div></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000); text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Romania" title="Parliament of Romania">Parliament</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Romania" title="Senate of Romania">Senate</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Senate_of_Romania" title="President of the Senate of Romania">President</a>: <a href="/wiki/Nicolae_Ciuc%C4%83" title="Nicolae Ciucă">Nicolae Ciucă</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Standing_Bureau_of_the_Senate_of_Romania" title="Standing Bureau of the Senate of Romania">Standing Bureau</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Deputies_of_Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="Chamber of Deputies of Romania">Chamber of Deputies</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Chamber_of_Deputies_of_Romania" title="President of the Chamber of Deputies of Romania">President</a>: <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Suciu" title="Daniel Suciu">Daniel Suciu</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Standing_Bureau_of_the_Chamber_of_Deputies_of_Romania" title="Standing Bureau of the Chamber of Deputies of Romania">Standing Bureau</a></dd></dl></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000); text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Judiciary</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/High_Court_of_Cassation_and_Justice" title="High Court of Cassation and Justice">High Court of Cassation and Justice</a></div></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Court_of_Romania" title="Constitutional Court of Romania">Constitutional Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Ombudsman" title="Romanian Ombudsman">Ombudsman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_judicial_reform" title="Romanian judicial reform">Judicial reform</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000); text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Romania" title="List of political parties in Romania">Political parties</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li>Parliamentary <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/National_Liberal_Party_(Romania)" title="National Liberal Party (Romania)">National Liberal Party</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PNL)</span></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_(Romania)" title="Social Democratic Party (Romania)">Social Democratic Party</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PSD)</span></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Save_Romania_Union" title="Save Romania Union">Save Romania Union</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(USR)</span></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Freedom,_Unity_and_Solidarity_Party" title="Freedom, Unity and Solidarity Party">Freedom, Unity and Solidarity Party</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PLUS)</span></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Alliance_for_the_Union_of_Romanians" title="Alliance for the Union of Romanians">Alliance for the Union of Romanians</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(AUR)</span></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Alliance_of_Hungarians_in_Romania" title="Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania">Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(UDMR)</span></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Humanist_Power_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Humanist Power Party">Humanist Power Party</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PPU)</span></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Nationhood_Party" title="Romanian Nationhood Party">Romanian Nationhood Party</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PNR)</span></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Romanian_ethnic_minority_parties" title="Romanian ethnic minority parties">Other ethnic-minority parties</a></dd></dl></li></ul> <ul><li>Non-parliamentary <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Movement_Party" title="People's Movement Party">People's Movement Party</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PMP)</span></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/PRO_Romania" title="PRO Romania">PRO Romania</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PRO)</span></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Greater_Romania_Party" title="Greater Romania Party">Greater Romania Party</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PRM)</span></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ecologist_Party_of_Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="Ecologist Party of Romania">Ecologist Party of Romania</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PER)</span></dd></dl></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000); text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Romania" title="Elections in Romania">Elections</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Permanent_Electoral_Authority_(Romania)" title="Permanent Electoral Authority (Romania)">Permanent Electoral Authority</a></li> <li>Recent elections <dl><dd><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Presidential: <a href="/wiki/2014_Romanian_presidential_election" title="2014 Romanian presidential election">2014</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2019_Romanian_presidential_election" title="2019 Romanian presidential election">2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2024_Romanian_presidential_election" title="2024 Romanian presidential election"><i>2024</i></a></li></ul></div></dd> <dd><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Legislative: <a href="/wiki/2016_Romanian_parliamentary_election" title="2016 Romanian parliamentary election">2016</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2020_Romanian_parliamentary_election" title="2020 Romanian parliamentary election">2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2024_Romanian_parliamentary_election" title="2024 Romanian parliamentary election"><i>2024</i></a></li></ul></div></dd> <dd><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Local: <a href="/wiki/2020_Romanian_local_elections" title="2020 Romanian local elections">2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2024_Romanian_local_elections" title="2024 Romanian local elections">2024</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2028_Romanian_local_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2028 Romanian local elections (page does not exist)"><i>Next</i></a></li></ul></div></dd> <dd><div class="hlist"><ul><li>European: <a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election_in_Romania" title="2019 European Parliament election in Romania">2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2024_European_Parliament_election_in_Romania" title="2024 European Parliament election in Romania">2024</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2029_European_Parliament_election_in_Romania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2029 European Parliament election in Romania (page does not exist)"><i>Next</i></a></li></ul></div></dd></dl></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000); text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Romania" title="Administrative divisions of Romania">Administrative divisions</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Macroregions_of_Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="Macroregions of Romania">Macroregions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Development_regions_of_Romania" title="Development regions of Romania">Development regions</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Counties_of_Romania" title="Counties of Romania">Counties</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_areas_in_Romania" title="Metropolitan areas in Romania">Metropolitan areas</a> <dl><dd><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="Municipalities of Romania">Municipalities</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Sectors_of_Bucharest" title="Sectors of Bucharest">Sectors</a></li><li><br /><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in Romania">Cities</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Communes_of_Romania" title="Communes of Romania">Communes</a></li></ul></div></dd></dl></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000); text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Romania" title="Foreign relations of Romania">Foreign relations</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_China%E2%80%93Romania_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Republic of China–Romania relations">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Romania–United States relations">United States</a></li> <li><br /><a href="/wiki/Moldova%E2%80%93Romania_relations" title="Moldova–Romania relations">Moldova</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Unification_of_Moldova_and_Romania" title="Unification of Moldova and Romania">unification movement</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Romania–Russia relations">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania%E2%80%93Ukraine_relations" title="Romania–Ukraine relations">Ukraine</a></li></ul> </div><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_missions_of_Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="Diplomatic missions of Romania">Embassies</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000); text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Romanian_politicians" title="List of Romanian politicians">Politicians</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Romania" title="List of heads of state of Romania">Heads of state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Presidents_of_Romania_by_time_in_office" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Presidents of Romania by time in office">Presidents by time in office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Prime_Ministers_of_Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Prime Ministers of Romania">Prime Ministers</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="background:#efefef;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000);"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/16px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/24px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/32px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Politics_of_Romania" title="Template:Politics of Romania"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Politics_of_Romania" title="Template talk:Politics of Romania"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Politics_of_Romania" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Politics of Romania"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>judiciary of Romania</b> is organized as a hierarchical system of courts, with a <a href="/wiki/Civil_law_(legal_system)" title="Civil law (legal system)">civil law</a> system. Provisions regarding its structure and organization are found in the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Romania" title="Constitution of Romania">Constitution</a> and Law no. 304/2004 on judicial organization.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The civil courts are organized as follows: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/High_Court_of_Cassation_and_Justice" title="High Court of Cassation and Justice">High Court of Cassation and Justice</a> (<i>Înalta Curte de Casaţie şi Justiţie</i>)</li> <li>15 <a href="/wiki/Appellate_court" title="Appellate court">Courts of Appeal</a> (<i>curţi de apel</i>)</li> <li>41 county courts and the Bucharest Municipal Court (<i>tribunale</i>)</li> <li>188 Local courts (<i>judecătorii</i>).</li></ul> <p>Each court is run by a court president, who is responsible for its management and public relations. Within most courts there are specialized sections or panels for <a href="/wiki/Civil_law_(area)" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil law (area)">civil</a> and <a href="/wiki/Criminal_law" title="Criminal law">criminal</a> cases, as well as other areas of the law. </p><p>A number of specialized courts (<i>tribunale specializate</i>) also exist, such as the Argeș Commercial Court and the Braşov Family Court. The <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Court_of_Romania" title="Constitutional Court of Romania">Constitutional Court of Romania</a> acts as an independent constitutional jurisdiction and is not part of the <a href="/wiki/Ordinary_court" title="Ordinary court">ordinary court</a> system.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Courts_of_Appeal">Courts of Appeal</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judiciary_of_Romania&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Courts of Appeal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are 15 Courts of Appeal, located for example in <a href="/wiki/Bucharest" title="Bucharest">Bucharest</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oradea" title="Oradea">Oradea</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Military_courts">Military courts</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judiciary_of_Romania&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Military courts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The military court system is organized into three tribunals, the Territorial Military Tribunal and the Military Court of Appeal.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Instantele_civile.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Instantele_civile.png/220px-Instantele_civile.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Instantele_civile.png/330px-Instantele_civile.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Instantele_civile.png/440px-Instantele_civile.png 2x" data-file-width="2880" data-file-height="2039" /></a><figcaption>Civil jurisdictions of Romania</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Instantele_militare.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Instantele_militare.png/220px-Instantele_militare.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Instantele_militare.png/330px-Instantele_militare.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Instantele_militare.png/440px-Instantele_militare.png 2x" data-file-width="2880" data-file-height="2039" /></a><figcaption>Military jurisdictions of Romania</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judiciary_of_Romania&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.justitia-romana.org/Site_Engl/Pagina_Principala_Eng.html">"ROMANIAN JUDICIAL SYSTEM"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 January</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ROMANIAN+JUDICIAL+SYSTEM&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.justitia-romana.org%2FSite_Engl%2FPagina_Principala_Eng.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudiciary+of+Romania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ccr.ro/Rol-i-atribuii">"The Court's role and powers"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 January</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Court%27s+role+and+powers&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ccr.ro%2FRol-i-atribuii&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudiciary+of+Romania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Court_of_Justice_of_the_European_Union" title="Court of Justice of the European Union">Court of Justice of the European Union</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://curia.europa.eu/juris/document/document.jsf;jsessionid=301DC0B8472C7FBA4AD1A67132997AE8?text=&docid=177322&pageIndex=0&doclang=EN&mode=lst&dir=&occ=first&part=1&cid=3395043">Joined Cases C‑439/14 and C‑488/14, SC Star Storage SA v Institutul Naţional de Cercetare-Dezvoltare în Informatică (ICI)</a>, published on 28 April 2016, accessed on 21 August 2024</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.csm1909.ro/csm/index.php?cmd=9401&lb=en">"Presentation of the Romanian judicial system"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 January</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Presentation+of+the+Romanian+judicial+system&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.csm1909.ro%2Fcsm%2Findex.php%3Fcmd%3D9401%26lb%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudiciary+of+Romania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Romania_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Romania_topics" title="Template:Romania topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Romania_topics" title="Template talk:Romania topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Romania_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Romania topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Romania_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Romania" title="Outline of Romania">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Romania" title="Outline of Romania">Topics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Romania" title="History of Romania">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Romanian_history" title="Timeline of Romanian history">Timeline</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_ancient_Romania" title="Timeline of ancient Romania">ancient</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="Prehistoric Romania">Prehistoric Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dacia" title="Dacia">Dacia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Dacia" title="Roman Dacia">Roman Dacia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania_in_the_Early_Middle_Ages" title="Romania in the Early Middle Ages">Early Middle Ages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="Romania in the Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Modern_Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="Early Modern Romania">Early Modern Era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Principalities_of_Moldavia_and_Wallachia" title="United Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia">United Principalities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Romania" title="Kingdom of Romania">Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania_in_World_War_I" title="Romania in World War I">World War I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Romania" title="Greater Romania">Greater Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania_in_World_War_II" title="Romania in World War II">World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Republic_of_Romania" title="Socialist Republic of Romania">Communist Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanian Revolution">Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Romania_(1989%E2%80%93present)" title="History of Romania (1989–present)">Since 1989</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Romania" title="Geography of Romania">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_Romania" title="List of cities and towns in Romania">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Romania" title="Climate of Romania">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counties_of_Romania" title="Counties of Romania">Counties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_Romania" title="List of earthquakes in Romania">Earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Romania" title="Fauna of Romania">Fauna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_Romania" title="Flora of Romania">Flora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_regions_of_Romania" title="Historical regions of Romania">Historical regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Romania" title="List of islands of Romania">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_Romania" title="List of lakes of Romania">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountains_in_Romania" title="List of mountains in Romania">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protected_areas_of_Romania" title="Protected areas of Romania">Protected areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Romania" title="List of rivers of Romania">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_evolution_of_Romania" title="Territorial evolution of Romania">Territorial evolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topography_of_Romania" title="Topography of Romania">Topography</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Romania" title="Politics of Romania">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Romania" title="Administrative divisions of Romania">Administrative divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Romania" title="Constitution of Romania">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Romania" title="Elections in Romania">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Romania" title="Foreign relations of Romania">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Romania" title="Government of Romania">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Romania" title="Human rights in Romania">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Romania">LGBT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Judiciary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="Law enforcement in Romania">Law enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Armed_Forces" title="Romanian Armed Forces">Military</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_the_Romanian_General_Staff" title="Chief of the Romanian General Staff">Chief of the General Staff</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Romania" title="Parliament of Romania">Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Romania" title="List of political parties in Romania">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Romania" title="President of Romania">President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Romania" title="Prime Minister of Romania">Prime Minister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unification_of_Moldova_and_Romania" title="Unification of Moldova and Romania">Unification with Moldova</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Romania" title="Economy of Romania">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Romania" title="Agriculture in Romania">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Romania" title="Energy in Romania">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_exports_of_Romania" title="List of exports of Romania">Exports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_direct_investment_in_Romania" title="Foreign direct investment in Romania">Foreign investment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_trade_of_Romania" title="Foreign trade of Romania">Foreign trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forestry_in_Romania" title="Forestry in Romania">Forestry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Depression_in_Romania" title="Great Depression in Romania">Great Depression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industry_of_Romania" title="Industry of Romania">Industry</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Romania" title="Automotive industry in Romania">automotive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Construction_industry_of_Romania" title="Construction industry of Romania">construction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_industry_of_Romania" title="Mining industry of Romania">mining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrochemical_industry_in_Romania" title="Petrochemical industry in Romania">petrochemical</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_leu" title="Romanian leu">Leu <span style="font-size:85%;">(currency)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Bank_of_Romania" title="National Bank of Romania">National Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_property_bubble" title="Romanian property bubble">Property bubble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_Romania" title="Science and technology in Romania">Science and technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Services_in_Romania" title="Services in Romania">Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squatting_in_Romania" title="Squatting in Romania">Squatting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bucharest_Stock_Exchange" title="Bucharest Stock Exchange">Stock Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="Telecommunications in Romania">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Romania" title="Tourism in Romania">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Romania" title="Transport in Romania">Transport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Romania" title="Category:Society of Romania">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Romania" title="Crime in Romania">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Romania" title="Demographics of Romania">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Romania" title="Education in Romania">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Romania" title="Healthcare in Romania">Healthcare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Romania" title="Immigration to Romania">Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Romania" title="Languages of Romania">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minorities_in_Romania" title="Minorities in Romania">Minorities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_Romania" title="Prostitution in Romania">Prostitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Romania" title="Public holidays in Romania">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_Romania" title="Racism in Romania">Racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refugees_in_Romania" title="Refugees in Romania">Refugees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Romania" title="Religion in Romania">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanians" title="Romanians">Romanians</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_Romania" title="Romani people in Romania">Gypsies</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_structure_of_Romania" title="Social structure of Romania">Social structure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Systematization_(Romania)" title="Systematization (Romania)">Urban planning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welfare_in_Romania" title="Welfare in Romania">Welfare</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Romania" title="Culture of Romania">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Academy" title="Romanian Academy">Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_architecture" title="Romanian architecture">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_art" title="Romanian art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Romania" title="Cinema of Romania">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_cuisine" title="Romanian cuisine">Cuisine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_wine" title="Romanian wine">Wine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Romania" title="Flag of Romania">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folklore_of_Romania" title="Folklore of Romania">Folklore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_humour" title="Romanian humour">Humour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_literature" title="Romanian literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_Romania" title="Mass media in Romania">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Romania" title="Music of Romania">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_philosophy" title="Romanian philosophy">Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Romania" title="Sport in Romania">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Romania" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Romania">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Romania" title="Outline of Romania">Outline</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Romania" title="Outline of Romania">Index</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Romania" title="Category:Romania">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Romania" title="Portal:Romania">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Judiciaries_of_Europe" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Judiciaries_of_Europe" title="Template:Judiciaries of Europe"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Judiciaries_of_Europe" title="Template talk:Judiciaries of Europe"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Judiciaries_of_Europe" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Judiciaries of Europe"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Judiciaries_of_Europe" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Judiciaries of Europe</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Albania" title="Judiciary of Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Andorra" title="Judiciary of Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Armenia" title="Judiciary of Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Austria" title="Judiciary of Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Azerbaijan" title="Judiciary of Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judiciary_of_Belarus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Judiciary of Belarus (page does not exist)">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Belgium" title="Judiciary of Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" class="mw-redirect" title="Judiciary of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Bulgaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Judiciary of Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Croatia" title="Judiciary of Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Cyprus" title="Judiciary of Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_the_Czech_Republic" title="Judiciary of the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Denmark" class="mw-redirect" title="Judiciary of Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judiciary_of_Estonia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Judiciary of Estonia (page does not exist)">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Finland" class="mw-redirect" title="Judiciary of Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_France" title="Judiciary of France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Georgia_(country)" class="mw-redirect" title="Judiciary of Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Germany" title="Judiciary of Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Greece" title="Judiciary of Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Hungary" class="mw-redirect" title="Judiciary of Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Iceland" class="mw-redirect" title="Judiciary of Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_the_Republic_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="Judiciary of the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Italy" title="Judiciary of Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Kazakhstan" class="mw-redirect" title="Judiciary of Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judiciary_of_Latvia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Judiciary of Latvia (page does not exist)">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Liechtenstein" class="mw-redirect" title="Judiciary of Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Lithuania" class="mw-redirect" title="Judiciary of Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Luxembourg" title="Judiciary of Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Malta" title="Judiciary of Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judiciary_of_Moldova&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Judiciary of Moldova (page does not exist)">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Monaco" class="mw-redirect" title="Judiciary of Monaco">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Montenegro" class="mw-redirect" title="Judiciary of Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_the_Netherlands" title="Judiciary of the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_North_Macedonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Judiciary of North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Norway" title="Judiciary of Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Poland" title="Judiciary of Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Portugal" title="Judiciary of Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Russia" title="Judiciary of Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_San_Marino" title="Judiciary of San Marino">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Serbia" title="Judiciary of Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judiciary_of_Slovakia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Judiciary of Slovakia (page does not exist)">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Slovenia" title="Judiciary of Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Spain" title="Judiciary of Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Sweden" title="Judiciary of Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="Judiciary of Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Turkey" class="mw-redirect" title="Judiciary of Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Ukraine" title="Judiciary of Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Judiciary of the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Judiciary of England">England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Northern_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="Judiciary of Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Scotland" title="Judiciary of Scotland">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Wales" class="mw-redirect" title="Judiciary of Wales">Wales</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">States with limited<br />recognition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judiciary_of_Abkhazia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Judiciary of Abkhazia (page does not exist)">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Kosovo" title="Judiciary of Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Northern_Cyprus" title="Judiciary of Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judiciary_of_South_Ossetia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Judiciary of South Ossetia (page does not exist)">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judiciary_of_Transnistria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Judiciary of Transnistria (page does not exist)">Transnistria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dependencies and<br />other entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judiciary_of_%C3%85land&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Judiciary of Åland (page does not exist)">Åland</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judiciary_of_the_Faroe_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Judiciary of the Faroe Islands (page does not exist)">Faroe Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Gibraltar" title="Judiciary of Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judiciary_of_Guernsey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Judiciary of Guernsey (page does not exist)">Guernsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_the_Isle_of_Man" title="Judiciary of the Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Jersey" title="Judiciary of Jersey">Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judiciary_of_Svalbard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Judiciary of Svalbard (page does not exist)">Svalbard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><br /> </p> <style 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