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vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Appellate_courts_by_country"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Appellate courts by country</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Appellate_courts_by_country-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Appellate courts by country subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Appellate_courts_by_country-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Australia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Australia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Australia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Australia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-New_Zealand" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_Zealand"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>New Zealand</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_Zealand-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Philippines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Philippines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Philippines</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Philippines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sri_Lanka" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sri_Lanka"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Sri Lanka</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sri_Lanka-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_Kingdom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_Kingdom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>United Kingdom</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_Kingdom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>United States</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Nomenclature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nomenclature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6.1</span> <span>Nomenclature</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nomenclature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Appellate court</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 32 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-32" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">32 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%83%D9%85%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A6%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%81" title="محكمة الاستئناف – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="محكمة الاستئناف" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apellyasiya_m%C9%99hk%C9%99m%C9%99si" title="Apellyasiya məhkəməsi – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Apellyasiya məhkəməsi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BD%D3%99%D0%B9%D3%99%D1%82_%D2%BB%D3%99%D0%BC_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%A1_%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B4%D1%8B_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Енәйәт һәм гражданлыҡ суды палаталары – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Енәйәт һәм гражданлыҡ суды палаталары" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%81%D1%8A%D0%B4" title="Апелативен съд – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Апелативен съд" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odvolac%C3%AD_soud" title="Odvolací soud – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Odvolací soud" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Appellationsgericht" title="Appellationsgericht – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Appellationsgericht" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CF%86%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BF" title="Εφετείο – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Εφετείο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tribunal_de_apelaci%C3%B3n" title="Tribunal de apelación – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Tribunal de apelación" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%81" title="دادگاه استیناف – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دادگاه استیناف" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cour_d%27appel" title="Cour d'appel – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Cour d'appel" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%83%81%EC%86%8C%EB%B2%95%EC%9B%90" title="상소법원 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="상소법원" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AF" title="पुनरावेदन न्यायालय – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पुनरावेदन न्यायालय" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pengadilan_tinggi" title="Pengadilan tinggi – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pengadilan tinggi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corte_d%27appello" title="Corte d'appello – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Corte d'appello" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D2%93%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83" title="Шағымдану – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Шағымдану" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BA_%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%82" title="Апелляциялык сот – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Апелляциялык сот" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apeliacinis_teismas" title="Apeliacinis teismas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Apeliacinis teismas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%A7%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF" title="അപ്പീലധികാരി – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="അപ്പീലധികാരി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%87" title="अपीलीय न्यायालये – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="अपीलीय न्यायालये" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahkamah_rayuan" title="Mahkamah rayuan – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Mahkamah rayuan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%A4" title="पुनरावेदन अदालत – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="पुनरावेदन अदालत" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Appellrett" title="Appellrett – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Appellrett" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tribunal_de_apela%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Tribunal de apelação – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Tribunal de apelação" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B4_%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Суд апелляционной инстанции – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Суд апелляционной инстанции" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Appellate_court" title="Appellate court – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Appellate court" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Appellationsdomstol" title="Appellationsdomstol – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Appellationsdomstol" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temyiz_mahkemesi" title="Temyiz mahkemesi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Temyiz mahkemesi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%B9%DB%81" title="عدالت مرافعہ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="عدالت مرافعہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%B2a_%C3%A1n_th%C6%B0%E1%BB%A3ng_t%E1%BB%91" title="Tòa án thượng tố – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tòa án thượng tố" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E8%A8%B4%E6%B3%95%E5%BA%AD" title="上訴法庭 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="上訴法庭" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E8%A8%B4%E6%B3%95%E9%99%A2" title="上訴法院 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="上訴法院" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%9C%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%99%E2%B5%8F%E2%B4%B1%E2%B4%B9%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%A2%E2%B5%9C_%E2%B5%8F_%E2%B5%A1%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8D%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%99" title="ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴱⴹⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵍⴰⵙ – Standard Moroccan Tamazight" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴱⴹⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵍⴰⵙ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="Standard Moroccan Tamazight" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q4959031#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Appellate_court" title="View the content page [c]" 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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/High_Court_of_Australia_%286769096715%29.jpg/800px-High_Court_of_Australia_%286769096715%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4368" data-file-height="1950" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/High_Court_of_Australia" title="High Court of Australia">High Court of Australia</a>, the highest appellate court in Australia</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1_Supreme_Court.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/1_Supreme_Court.jpg/400px-1_Supreme_Court.jpg" decoding="async" width="400" height="229" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/1_Supreme_Court.jpg/600px-1_Supreme_Court.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/1_Supreme_Court.jpg/800px-1_Supreme_Court.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2539" data-file-height="1451" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">Supreme Court of the United States</a>, the highest court in the United States</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Helsingin_hovioikeus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Helsingin_hovioikeus.jpg/400px-Helsingin_hovioikeus.jpg" decoding="async" width="400" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Helsingin_hovioikeus.jpg/600px-Helsingin_hovioikeus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Helsingin_hovioikeus.jpg/800px-Helsingin_hovioikeus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2710" data-file-height="1356" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Helsinki_Court_of_Appeal" class="mw-redirect" title="Helsinki Court of Appeal">Helsinki Court of Appeal</a> (<i>Helsingin hovioikeus</i>), an intermediate appellate court in Finland</figcaption></figure> <p>An <b>appellate court</b>, commonly called a <b>court of appeal(s)</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-Garner_Page_232_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Garner_Page_232-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <b>appeal court</b>, <b>court of second instance</b> or <b>second instance court</b>, is any <a href="/wiki/Court_of_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Court of law">court of law</a> that is empowered to <a href="/wiki/Hearing_(law)" title="Hearing (law)">hear</a> a <a href="/wiki/Legal_case" class="mw-redirect" title="Legal case">case</a> upon <a href="/wiki/Appeal" title="Appeal">appeal</a> from a <a href="/wiki/Trial_court" title="Trial court">trial court</a> or other lower <a href="/wiki/Tribunal" title="Tribunal">tribunal</a>. In much of the world, <a href="/wiki/Judiciary" title="Judiciary">court systems</a> are divided into at least three levels: the trial court, which initially hears cases and considers factual <a href="/wiki/Evidence_(law)" title="Evidence (law)">evidence</a> and <a href="/wiki/Testimony" title="Testimony">testimony</a> relevant to the case; at least one intermediate appellate court; and a <a href="/wiki/Supreme_court" title="Supreme court">supreme court</a> (or court of last resort) which primarily reviews the decisions of the intermediate courts, often on a <a href="/wiki/Discretionary_review" title="Discretionary review">discretionary basis</a>. A particular court system's supreme court is its highest appellate court.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Appellate courts nationwide can operate under varying rules.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Under its <a href="/wiki/Standard_of_review" title="Standard of review">standard of review</a>, an appellate court decides the extent of the deference it would give to the lower court's decision, based on whether the appeal were one of fact or of law. In reviewing an issue of fact, an appellate court ordinarily gives deference to the trial court's findings. It is the duty of trial judges or <a href="/wiki/Jury" title="Jury">juries</a> to find facts, view the evidence firsthand, and observe <a href="/wiki/Eyewitness_testimony" title="Eyewitness testimony">witness testimony</a>. When reviewing lower decisions on an issue of fact, courts of appeal generally look for clear error. The appellate court reviews issues of law <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">de novo</i></span> (anew, no deference) and may reverse or modify the lower court's decision if the appellate court believes the lower court misapplied the facts or the law. An appellate court may also review the lower judge's discretionary decisions, such as whether the judge properly granted a new trial or disallowed evidence. The lower court's decision is only changed in cases of an "<a href="/wiki/Abuse_of_discretion" class="mw-redirect" title="Abuse of discretion">abuse of discretion</a>". This standard tends to be even more deferential than the "clear error" standard. </p><p>Before hearing any case, the court must have <a href="/wiki/Jurisdiction" title="Jurisdiction">jurisdiction</a> to consider the appeal. The authority of appellate courts to review the decisions of lower courts varies widely from one jurisdiction to another. In some areas, the appellate court has limited powers of review. Generally, an appellate court's judgment provides the final directive of the appeals courts as to the matter appealed, setting out with specificity the court's determination that the action appealed from should be affirmed, reversed, remanded or modified.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Depending on the type of case and the decision below, appellate review primarily consists of: an entirely new hearing (a non <a href="/wiki/Trial_de_novo" title="Trial de novo">trial de novo</a>); a hearing where the appellate court gives deference to factual findings of the lower court; or review of particular legal rulings made by the lower court (an appeal on the record). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bifurcation_of_civil_and_criminal_appeals">Bifurcation of civil and criminal appeals</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Appellate_court&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Bifurcation of civil and criminal appeals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>While many appellate courts have jurisdiction over all cases decided by lower courts, some systems have appellate courts divided by the type of jurisdiction they exercise. Some jurisdictions have specialized appellate courts, such as the <a href="/wiki/Texas_Court_of_Criminal_Appeals" title="Texas Court of Criminal Appeals">Texas Court of Criminal Appeals</a>, which only hears appeals raised in criminal cases, and the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Federal_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit">U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit</a>, which has general jurisdiction but derives most of its caseload from patent cases, on one hand, and appeals from the <a href="/wiki/Court_of_Federal_Claims" class="mw-redirect" title="Court of Federal Claims">Court of Federal Claims</a> on the other. In the United States, Alabama, Tennessee, and Oklahoma also have separate courts of criminal appeals. Texas and <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a> have the final determination of criminal cases vested in their respective courts of criminal appeals,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while Alabama and Tennessee allow decisions of its court of criminal appeals to be finally appealed to the state supreme court.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Courts_of_criminal_appeals">Courts of criminal appeals</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Appellate_court&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Courts of criminal appeals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>Civilian</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Court_of_Criminal_Appeal_(England_and_Wales)" title="Court of Criminal Appeal (England and Wales)">Court of Criminal Appeal (England and Wales)</a>, abolished 1966</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Court_of_Criminal_Appeal_(Ireland)" title="Court of Criminal Appeal (Ireland)">Court of Criminal Appeal (Ireland)</a>, abolished 2014</li> <li>U.S. States: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alabama_Court_of_Criminal_Appeals" title="Alabama Court of Criminal Appeals">Alabama Court of Criminal Appeals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_Court_of_Criminal_Appeals" title="Oklahoma Court of Criminal Appeals">Oklahoma Court of Criminal Appeals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tennessee_Court_of_Criminal_Appeals" title="Tennessee Court of Criminal Appeals">Tennessee Court of Criminal Appeals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Court_of_Criminal_Appeals" title="Texas Court of Criminal Appeals">Texas Court of Criminal Appeals</a></li></ul></li></ul> <dl><dt>Military</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Court_of_Criminal_Appeals" title="United States Army Court of Criminal Appeals">United States Army Court of Criminal Appeals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navy-Marine_Corps_Court_of_Criminal_Appeals" title="Navy-Marine Corps Court of Criminal Appeals">Navy-Marine Corps Court of Criminal Appeals</a> (United States)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coast_Guard_Court_of_Criminal_Appeals" title="Coast Guard Court of Criminal Appeals">Coast Guard Court of Criminal Appeals</a> (United States)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Court_of_Criminal_Appeals" title="Air Force Court of Criminal Appeals">Air Force Court of Criminal Appeals</a> (United States)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Courts_of_civil_appeals">Courts of civil appeals</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Appellate_court&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Courts of civil appeals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alabama_Court_of_Civil_Appeals" title="Alabama Court of Civil Appeals">Alabama Court of Civil Appeals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_Court_of_Civil_Appeals" title="Oklahoma Court of Civil Appeals">Oklahoma Court of Civil Appeals</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Appellate_courts_by_country">Appellate courts by country</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Appellate_court&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Appellate courts by country"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Australia">Australia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Appellate_court&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Australia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/High_Court_of_Australia#Appellate_jurisdiction" title="High Court of Australia">High Court of Australia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Australia#Australian_court_hierarchy" title="Judiciary of Australia">Australian courts of appeals</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Supreme_Court_of_Victoria_(5064240836).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Supreme_Court_of_Victoria_%285064240836%29.jpg/292px-Supreme_Court_of_Victoria_%285064240836%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="292" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Supreme_Court_of_Victoria_%285064240836%29.jpg/438px-Supreme_Court_of_Victoria_%285064240836%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Supreme_Court_of_Victoria_%285064240836%29.jpg/584px-Supreme_Court_of_Victoria_%285064240836%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1371" /></a><figcaption>The Victorian <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Victoria" title="Supreme Court of Victoria">Court of Appeal</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/High_Court_of_Australia" title="High Court of Australia">High Court</a> has appellate jurisdiction over all other courts. Leave must be granted by the court, before the appeal matter is heard. The High Court is paramount to all federal courts. Further, it has an constitutionally entrenched general power of appeal from the Supreme Courts of the <a href="/wiki/States_and_territories_of_Australia" title="States and territories of Australia">States and Territories</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-s73_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-s73-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-KirbyCentenary_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KirbyCentenary-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Appeals to the High Court are by special leave only, which is generally only granted in cases of public importance, matters involving the interpretation of the Commonwealth Constitution, or where the law has been inconsistently applied across the States and Territories.[19] Therefore, in the vast majority of cases, the appellate divisions of the Supreme Courts of each State and Territory and the Federal Court are the final courts of appeal.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="New_Zealand">New Zealand</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Appellate_court&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: New Zealand"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Court_of_Appeal_of_New_Zealand" title="Court of Appeal of New Zealand">Court of Appeal of New Zealand</a></div> <p>The Court of Appeal of New Zealand, located in <a href="/wiki/Wellington" title="Wellington">Wellington</a>, is New Zealand's principal intermediate appellate court.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In practice, most appeals are resolved at this intermediate appellate level, rather than in the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_New_Zealand" title="Supreme Court of New Zealand">Supreme Court</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Philippines">Philippines</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Appellate_court&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Philippines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Court_of_Appeals_of_the_Philippines" title="Court of Appeals of the Philippines">Court of Appeals of the Philippines</a></div> <p>The Court of Appeals of the Philippines is the principal intermediate appellate court of that country. The Court of Appeals is primarily found in <a href="/wiki/Manila" title="Manila">Manila</a>, with three divisions each in <a href="/wiki/Cebu_City" title="Cebu City">Cebu City</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cagayan_de_Oro" title="Cagayan de Oro">Cagayan de Oro</a>. Other appellate courts include the <a href="/wiki/Sandiganbayan" title="Sandiganbayan">Sandiganbayan</a> for cases involving graft and corruption, and the <a href="/wiki/Court_of_Tax_Appeals" title="Court of Tax Appeals">Court of Tax Appeals</a> for cases involving tax. Appeals from all three appellate courts are to the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_Philippines" title="Supreme Court of the Philippines">Supreme Court</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sri_Lanka">Sri Lanka</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Appellate_court&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Sri Lanka"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Court_of_Appeal_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Court of Appeal of Sri Lanka">Court of Appeal of Sri Lanka</a></div> <p>The Court of Appeal of Sri Lanka, located in <a href="/wiki/Colombo" title="Colombo">Colombo</a>, is the second senior court in the <a href="/wiki/Courts_of_Sri_Lanka" class="mw-redirect" title="Courts of Sri Lanka">Sri Lankan legal system</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_Kingdom">United Kingdom</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Appellate_court&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: United Kingdom"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Court_of_Appeal_(England_and_Wales)" title="Court of Appeal (England and Wales)">Court of Appeal (England and Wales)</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_States">United States</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Appellate_court&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: United States"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/United_States_Supreme_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Supreme Court">United States Supreme Court</a> and <a href="/wiki/United_States_courts_of_appeals" title="United States courts of appeals">United States courts of appeals</a></div> <p>In the United States, both state and <a href="/wiki/United_States_courts_of_appeals" title="United States courts of appeals">federal</a> appellate courts are usually restricted to examining whether the lower court made the correct legal determinations, rather than hearing direct evidence and determining what the facts of the case were.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Furthermore, U.S. appellate courts are usually restricted to hearing appeals based on matters that were originally brought up before the trial court. Hence, such an appellate court will not consider an appellant's argument if it is based on a theory that is raised for the first time in the appeal.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:FL5DistrictCourtAppeal_0766.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/FL5DistrictCourtAppeal_0766.JPG/225px-FL5DistrictCourtAppeal_0766.JPG" decoding="async" width="225" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/FL5DistrictCourtAppeal_0766.JPG/338px-FL5DistrictCourtAppeal_0766.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/FL5DistrictCourtAppeal_0766.JPG/450px-FL5DistrictCourtAppeal_0766.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Florida_Fifth_District_Court_of_Appeal" title="Florida Fifth District Court of Appeal">Fifth District Court of Appeal</a> for Florida, an intermediate appellate court for the Florida judicial system</figcaption></figure> <p>In most U.S. states, and in U.S. federal courts, parties before the court are allowed one appeal as of right. This means that a party who is unsatisfied with the outcome of a trial may bring an <a href="/wiki/Appeal" title="Appeal">appeal</a> to contest that outcome.<sup id="cite_ref-United_States_Department_of_State_2023_j033_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-United_States_Department_of_State_2023_j033-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, appeals may be costly, and the appellate court must find an error on the part of the court below that justifies upsetting the verdict.<sup id="cite_ref-Robertson_2013_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Robertson_2013-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Therefore, only a small proportion of trial court decisions result in appeals.<sup id="cite_ref-Eisenberg_2004_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Eisenberg_2004-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some courts, particularly supreme courts, have the power of <a href="/wiki/Discretionary_review" title="Discretionary review">discretionary review</a>, meaning that they can decide whether they will hear an appeal brought in a particular case. <sup id="cite_ref-United_States_Department_of_State_2023_j033_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-United_States_Department_of_State_2023_j033-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Robertson_2013_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Robertson_2013-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Nomenclature">Nomenclature</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Appellate_court&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Nomenclature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Many U.S. jurisdictions title their appellate court a <i><b>court of appeal</b></i> or <i><b>court of appeals</b></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Garner_Page_232_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Garner_Page_232-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both terms are used in the United States, but the plural form is more common in <a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">American English</a>, while in contrast, <a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">British English</a> uses only the singular form.<sup id="cite_ref-Garner_Page_232_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Garner_Page_232-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The correct form is whichever is the statutorily prescribed or customary form for a particular court and particular jurisdiction; in other words, one should never write "court of appeal" when the court at issue clearly prefers to be called a "court of appeals", and vice versa.<sup id="cite_ref-Garner_Page_232_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Garner_Page_232-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Historically, certain jurisdictions have titled their appellate court a <i><b>court of errors</b></i> (or <i><b>court of errors and appeals</b></i>), on the premise that it was intended to correct errors made by lower courts. Examples of such courts include the <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_Court_of_Errors_and_Appeals" title="New Jersey Court of Errors and Appeals">New Jersey Court of Errors and Appeals</a> (which existed from 1844 to 1947), the Connecticut Supreme Court of Errors (which has been renamed the <a href="/wiki/Connecticut_Supreme_Court" title="Connecticut Supreme Court">Connecticut Supreme Court</a>), the Kentucky Court of Errors (renamed the <a href="/wiki/Kentucky_Supreme_Court" title="Kentucky Supreme Court">Kentucky Supreme Court</a>), and the Mississippi High Court of Errors and Appeals (since renamed the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Mississippi" title="Supreme Court of Mississippi">Supreme Court of Mississippi</a>). In some jurisdictions, a court able to hear appeals is known as an <b>appellate division</b>. </p><p>The phrase "court of appeals" most often refers to intermediate appellate courts. However, the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Court_of_Appeals" title="New York Court of Appeals">New York Court of Appeals</a> is the highest appellate court in New York. The <a href="/wiki/New_York_Supreme_Court" title="New York Supreme Court">New York Supreme Court</a> is a trial court of general jurisdiction. The <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Maryland" title="Supreme Court of Maryland">Supreme Court of Maryland</a> was known as the Court of Appeals, and the <a href="/wiki/Appellate_Court_of_Maryland" title="Appellate Court of Maryland">Appellate Court of Maryland</a> was known as the Court of Special Appeals, until a 2022 constitutional amendment changed their names. Depending on the system, certain courts may serve as both trial courts and appellate courts, hearing appeals of decisions made by courts with more limited jurisdiction. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Appellate_court&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Court_of_Criminal_Appeal_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Court of Criminal Appeal (disambiguation)">Court of Criminal Appeal (disambiguation)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Court_of_Appeal_(Hong_Kong)" title="Court of Appeal (Hong Kong)">Court of Appeal (Hong Kong)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Court_(Hong_Kong)" class="mw-redirect" title="High Court (Hong Kong)">High Court (Hong Kong)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Court_of_Appeal_(England_and_Wales)" title="Court of Appeal (England and Wales)">Court of Appeal (England and Wales)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Court_of_cassation" title="Court of cassation">Court of cassation</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Appellate_court&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Appellate_court&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Garner_Page_232-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Garner_Page_232_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Garner_Page_232_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Garner_Page_232_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Garner_Page_232_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFGarner2011" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Bryan_A._Garner" title="Bryan A. 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Randolph, 210 N.J. 330, 350 n.5 (2012), citing Mandel, New Jersey Appellate Practice (Gann Law Books 2012), chapter 28:2</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.americanbar.org/groups/judicial/publications/judges_journal/2014/fall/bifurcated_appellate_review_the_texas_story_of_two_high_courts/">"Bifurcated Appellate Review: The Texas Story of Two High Courts"</a>. <i>www.americanbar.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.americanbar.org&rft.atitle=Bifurcated+Appellate+Review%3A+The+Texas+Story+of+Two+High+Courts&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.americanbar.org%2Fgroups%2Fjudicial%2Fpublications%2Fjudges_journal%2F2014%2Ffall%2Fbifurcated_appellate_review_the_texas_story_of_two_high_courts%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAppellate+court" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://judicial.alabama.gov/Appellate/CriminalAppeals">"Alabama Judicial System"</a>. <i>judicial.alabama.gov</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=judicial.alabama.gov&rft.atitle=Alabama+Judicial+System&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjudicial.alabama.gov%2FAppellate%2FCriminalAppeals&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAppellate+court" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tncourts.gov/courts/court-criminal-appeals/about">"About the Court of Criminal Appeals - Tennessee Administrative and Administrative Appeals has Office of the Inspector General's Department and Courts"</a>. <i>www.tncourts.gov</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.tncourts.gov&rft.atitle=About+the+Court+of+Criminal+Appeals+-+Tennessee+Administrative+and+Administrative+Appeals+has+Office+of+the+Inspector+General%E2%80%99s+Department+and+Courts&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tncourts.gov%2Fcourts%2Fcourt-criminal-appeals%2Fabout&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAppellate+court" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-s73-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-s73_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Constitution</i> (Cth) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/coaca430/s73.html">s 73</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-KirbyCentenary-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-KirbyCentenary_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKirby2003" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Kirby_(judge)" title="Michael Kirby (judge)">Kirby, Michael</a> (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://classic.austlii.edu.au/au/journals/UWALawRw/2003/11.pdf">"The High Court of Australia and the Supreme Court of the United States - A Centenary Reflection"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>The University of Western Australia Law Review</i>. <b>31</b>: 171<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 13,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Faculty+Publications&rft.atitle=The+Right+to+Appeal&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=9413&rft.date=2013&rft.aulast=Robertson&rft.aufirst=Cassandea+Burke&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscholarlycommons.law.case.edu%2Fcgi%2Fviewcontent.cgi%3Farticle%3D1057%26context%3Dfaculty_publications&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAppellate+court" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Eisenberg_2004-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Eisenberg_2004_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEisenberg2014" class="citation journal cs1">Eisenberg, Theodore (November 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholarship.law.cornell.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1366&context=facpub#:~:text=Appeals%20are%20filed%20in%2010.9,10.0%20percent%20of%20nontried%20cases.">"Appeal Rates and Outcomes in Tried and Nontried Cases: Further Exploration of Anti-Plaintiff Appellate Outcomes"</a>. <i>Cornell Law Faculty Publications</i>. <b>359</b><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 13,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cornell+Law+Faculty+Publications&rft.atitle=Appeal+Rates+and+Outcomes+in+Tried+and+Nontried+Cases%3A+Further+Exploration+of+Anti-Plaintiff+Appellate+Outcomes&rft.volume=359&rft.date=2014-11&rft.aulast=Eisenberg&rft.aufirst=Theodore&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscholarship.law.cornell.edu%2Fcgi%2Fviewcontent.cgi%3Farticle%3D1366%26context%3Dfacpub%23%3A~%3Atext%3DAppeals%2520are%2520filed%2520in%252010.9%2C10.0%2520percent%2520of%2520nontried%2520cases.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAppellate+court" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Appellate_court&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li>Lax, Jeffrey R. "Constructing Legal Rules on Appellate Courts." American Political Science Review 101.3 (2007): 591–604. Sociological Abstracts; Worldwide Political Science Abstracts. Web. 29 May 2012.</li></ul> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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