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class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Tripoli</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tripoli-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Benghazi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Benghazi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Benghazi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Benghazi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tarhuna" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tarhuna"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Tarhuna</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tarhuna-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Al_Khums" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Al_Khums"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Al Khums</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Al_Khums-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li 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vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" 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interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonos_italianos_en_Libia" title="Colonos italianos en Libia – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Colonos italianos en Libia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pemukim_Italia_di_Libya" title="Pemukim Italia di Libya – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pemukim Italia di Libya" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italo-libici" title="Italo-libici – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Italo-libici" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADbiai_olaszok" title="Líbiai olaszok – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Líbiai olaszok" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Итальянцы в Ливии – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Итальянцы в Ливии" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italijanski_naseljenci_v_Libiji" title="Italijanski naseljenci v Libiji – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Italijanski naseljenci v Libiji" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%86%D1%96_%D0%B2_%D0%9B%D1%96%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%97" title="Італійці в Лівії – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Італійці в Лівії" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9E%E7%9A%84%E7%BE%A9%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%BA" title="利比亞的義大利人 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="利比亞的義大利人" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div 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<div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Libyan_Italian&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Libyan Italian">Libyan Italian</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Italian community in Libya</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Ethnic group</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Italian Libyans</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above nickname" style="font-size:115%; font-weight:normal;"><div><span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">Italo-libici</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya"><img alt="Libya" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/23px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/35px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/46px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Barqa2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Barqa2.jpg/220px-Barqa2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="322" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Barqa2.jpg/330px-Barqa2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Barqa2.jpg/440px-Barqa2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="1023" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">An image showing an Italian colonist couple in Libya</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Total population</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">119,139<sup id="cite_ref-Istat_2010_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Istat_2010-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (in 1939)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Regions with significant populations</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Tripoli,_Libya" title="Tripoli, Libya">Tripoli</a>, <a href="/wiki/Benghazi" title="Benghazi">Benghazi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Khoms,_Libya" class="mw-redirect" title="Khoms, Libya">Khoms</a>, <a href="/wiki/Misurata" class="mw-redirect" title="Misurata">Misurata</a>.</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Languages</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sicilian_language" title="Sicilian language">Sicilian</a>, other <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Italy" title="Languages of Italy">languages of Italy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Libyan_Arabic" title="Libyan Arabic">Libyan Arabic</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Religion</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a>, mostly <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Church">Roman Catholicism</a>, minority of <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>.</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Related ethnic groups</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Other <a href="/wiki/Italians" title="Italians">Italians</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Church_of_Massah.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Church_of_Massah.jpg/300px-Church_of_Massah.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="219" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Church_of_Massah.jpg/450px-Church_of_Massah.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e4/Church_of_Massah.jpg 2x" data-file-width="587" data-file-height="429" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Modern_architecture" title="Modern architecture">modernist</a> Catholic Church of <a href="/wiki/Massah,_Libya" title="Massah, Libya">Massah</a> (formerly <i>Villaggio Luigi Razza</i> in 1940</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Italian Libyans</b> (<a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>: <i lang="it">Italo-libici</i>) are <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libyan</a>-born citizens who are fully or partially of <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italian</a> descent, whose ancestors were <a href="/wiki/Italians" title="Italians">Italians</a> who emigrated to Libya during the <a href="/wiki/Italian_diaspora" title="Italian diaspora">Italian diaspora</a>, or Italian-born people in Libya. Most of the Italians moved to Libya during the <a href="/wiki/Italian_colonization_of_Libya" title="Italian colonization of Libya">Italian colonial period</a>. </p><p>The Italian population virtually disappeared after the Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi <a href="/wiki/1970_expulsion_of_Italians_from_Libya" title="1970 expulsion of Italians from Libya">ordered the expulsion of Italians in 1970</a>. After the nationalization of Italian companies, only a small number of Italians remained in Libya. On 30 August 2008, Gaddafi and Italian Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Silvio_Berlusconi" title="Silvio Berlusconi">Silvio Berlusconi</a> signed a historic cooperation treaty in Benghazi. Only a few hundred Italians were allowed to return to Libya between 2000 and 2010. In 2006 the Italian embassy in Tripoli calculated that there were approximately 1,000 original Libyan Italians in Libya, mostly elderly people and assimilated Muslim living in Tripoli and Benghazi. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_settlers_in_Libya&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Italian heritage in Libya can be dated back to <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Ancient Rome</a>, when the Romans controlled and <a href="/wiki/Roman_Libya" title="Roman Libya">colonized Libya for a period of more than five centuries</a> prior to the fall of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a> and its takeover by <a href="/wiki/Arab" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab">Arab</a> and <a href="/wiki/Turkish_people" title="Turkish people">Turkish</a> civilizations. But predominantly Italian heritage in Libya refers to modern-day Italians. </p><p>In 1911, the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy_(1861%E2%80%931946)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946)">Kingdom of Italy</a> waged <a href="/wiki/Italian_invasion_of_Libya" title="Italian invasion of Libya">war</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a> and captured Libya as a colony. <a href="/wiki/Italian_colonization_of_Libya" title="Italian colonization of Libya">Italian settlers were encouraged to come to Libya</a> and did so from 1911 until the outbreak of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Developments">Developments</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_settlers_in_Libya&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Developments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Italo-Turkish_War_peace_treaty_chromolithograph.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/5c/Italo-Turkish_War_peace_treaty_chromolithograph.jpg/250px-Italo-Turkish_War_peace_treaty_chromolithograph.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/5c/Italo-Turkish_War_peace_treaty_chromolithograph.jpg/375px-Italo-Turkish_War_peace_treaty_chromolithograph.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/5c/Italo-Turkish_War_peace_treaty_chromolithograph.jpg/500px-Italo-Turkish_War_peace_treaty_chromolithograph.jpg 2x" data-file-width="870" data-file-height="644" /></a><figcaption>An idealized image of the take over of <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Tripolitania" title="Ottoman Tripolitania">Ottoman Tripolitania</a> by Italy in 1911.</figcaption></figure> <p>In less than thirty years (1911–1940), the Italians in Libya built a significant amount of public works (roads, railways, buildings, ports, etc.) and the Libyan economy flourished. They even created the <a href="/wiki/Tripoli_Grand_Prix" title="Tripoli Grand Prix">Tripoli Grand Prix</a>, an international motor racing event first held in 1925 on a racing circuit outside Tripoli (it lasted until 1940).<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Italian farmers cultivated lands that had returned to native desert for many centuries, and improved Italian Libya's agriculture to international standards (even with the creation of new farm villages).<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholicism_in_Libya" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholicism in Libya">Catholicism</a> experienced a huge growth in those years,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with many new churches built for the growing Italian community: in the late 1920s the two catholic Cathedrals of <a href="/wiki/Tripoli_Cathedral" title="Tripoli Cathedral">Tripoli</a> and <a href="/wiki/Benghazi_Cathedral" title="Benghazi Cathedral">Benghazi</a> were built. The one in Benghazi was considered the biggest in north Africa. </p><p>The governor <a href="/wiki/Italo_Balbo" title="Italo Balbo">Italo Balbo</a> is attributed with the creation of modern Libya in 1934, when he convinced Italian leader <a href="/wiki/Benito_Mussolini" title="Benito Mussolini">Benito Mussolini</a> to unite the Italian colonies of <a href="/wiki/Tripolitania" title="Tripolitania">Tripolitania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italian_Cyrenaica" title="Italian Cyrenaica">Cyrenaica</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Fezzan" title="Fezzan">Fezzan</a> into one single country named "Libia" in Italian.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Emigrants">Emigrants</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_settlers_in_Libya&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Emigrants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1938_-_coloni.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/1938_-_coloni.png/250px-1938_-_coloni.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/1938_-_coloni.png/375px-1938_-_coloni.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/1938_-_coloni.png/500px-1938_-_coloni.png 2x" data-file-width="1120" data-file-height="719" /></a><figcaption>Italians leaving <a href="/wiki/Genoa" title="Genoa">Genoa</a> for Libya</figcaption></figure> <p>Libya was considered the new "America" for the Italian emigrants in the 1930s, substituting the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Italians in Libya numbered 108,419 (12.37% of the total population) at the time of the 1939 census. They were concentrated in the coast around the city of Tripoli (they constituted 37% of the city's population) and Benghazi (31%). </p><p>In 1938, Governor Balbo brought 20,000 Italian farmers to colonize Libya, and 26 new villages were founded for them, mainly in Cyrenaica. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Italian_Colonists_in_Libya.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Italian_Colonists_in_Libya.jpg/250px-Italian_Colonists_in_Libya.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Italian_Colonists_in_Libya.jpg/375px-Italian_Colonists_in_Libya.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Italian_Colonists_in_Libya.jpg/500px-Italian_Colonists_in_Libya.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3500" data-file-height="2427" /></a><figcaption>Italian colonists</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1938 20,000 Italian colonists settled in coastal Libya. Italian authorities created 26 new agricultural villages for them: Olivetti, Bianchi, Giordani, Micca, Tazzoli, Breviglieri, Marconi, Garabulli, Crispi, Corradini, Garibaldi, Littoriano, <a href="/wiki/Castel_Benito" title="Castel Benito">Castel Benito</a>, Filzi, Baracca, Maddalena, Aro, Oberdan, D’Annunzio, Razza, Mameli, Battisti, Berta, Luigi di Savoia and Gioda. </p><p>On 9 January 1939, the colony of Libya was incorporated into metropolitan Italy and thereafter considered an integral part of the Italian state. Libya, as the <a href="/wiki/Italian_Libya" title="Italian Libya">Fourth Shore</a>, was to be part of the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Italy_(fascist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial Italy (fascist)">Imperial Italy</a>, desired by the <a href="/wiki/Italian_irredentism" title="Italian irredentism">Italian irredentists</a>. </p><p>By 1939 the Libyan Italians had built 400 km of new railroads and 4,000 km of new roads (the largest and most important was the one from Tripoli to Tobruk, on the coast) in Libya. </p><p>The construction of the railway Tripoli-<a href="/wiki/Italian_Benghazi" title="Italian Benghazi">Bengazi</a> was blocked by the start of <a href="/wiki/WW2" class="mw-redirect" title="WW2">WW2</a>: only a few dozen kms were built between Tripoli and Misurata. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="World_War_II">World War II</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_settlers_in_Libya&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: World War II"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Italian-soldiers-help-the-colonialists-in-Libya-with-the-harvest-142353181679.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Italian-soldiers-help-the-colonialists-in-Libya-with-the-harvest-142353181679.jpg/220px-Italian-soldiers-help-the-colonialists-in-Libya-with-the-harvest-142353181679.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="219" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Italian-soldiers-help-the-colonialists-in-Libya-with-the-harvest-142353181679.jpg/330px-Italian-soldiers-help-the-colonialists-in-Libya-with-the-harvest-142353181679.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Italian-soldiers-help-the-colonialists-in-Libya-with-the-harvest-142353181679.jpg/440px-Italian-soldiers-help-the-colonialists-in-Libya-with-the-harvest-142353181679.jpg 2x" data-file-width="664" data-file-height="660" /></a><figcaption>Italian soldiers with colonists in Libya, 1942.</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1940 <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> broke out between Italy and <a href="/wiki/Great_Britain" title="Great Britain">Great Britain</a>. The defeat of the <a href="/wiki/Axis_forces" class="mw-redirect" title="Axis forces">Axis forces</a> in the <a href="/wiki/North_African_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="North African Campaign">North African Campaigns</a> of World War II meant Italy lost Libya to British and French control. After these <a href="/wiki/Western_Desert_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Desert Campaign">Western Desert Campaign</a> defeats in 1943, Italy was forced to abandon its colonial intentions and projects, but most of the Italian settlers remained in Libya. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="After_World_War_II">After World War II</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_settlers_in_Libya&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: After World War II"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>From 1947 to 1951, Tripolitania and Cyrenaica were under British administration, while the French controlled Fezzan. Under the terms of the 1947 peace treaty with the Allies, Italy relinquished all claims to Libya. On 21 November 1949, the UN General Assembly passed a resolution stating that Libya should become independent before 1 January 1952. On 24 December 1951, Libya declared its independence as the United Kingdom of Libya, a constitutional and hereditary monarchy. </p><p>The Italian population virtually disappeared after the Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi <a href="/wiki/1970_expulsion_of_Italians_from_Libya" title="1970 expulsion of Italians from Libya">ordered the expulsion of remaining Italians (about 20,000) in 1970</a>. After the nationalization of Italian companies, only a small number of Italians remained in Libya. In 1986, after the political crisis between the United States and Libya, the number of Italians decreased even further, reaching an all-time low of 1,500 people, that is, less than 0.1% of the population. In the 1990s and 2000s, with the end of the economic embargo, some Colonial-era Italians (a few dozen pensioners) returned to Libya. In 2004 there were 22,530 Italians in Libya, almost the same number as in 1962, mainly skilled workers in the oil industries (principally in <a href="/wiki/Eni" title="Eni">Eni</a>, which has been present in Libya since 1953) arrived at the end of the nineties.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Only a few hundred of them were allowed to return to Libya in the 2000s. </p><p>On 30 August 2008, Gaddafi and Italian Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Silvio_Berlusconi" title="Silvio Berlusconi">Silvio Berlusconi</a> signed a historic cooperation treaty in Benghazi. Under its terms, Italy would pay $5 billion to Libya as compensation for its former military occupation. In exchange, Libya would take measures to combat illegal immigration coming from its shores and boost investments in Italian companies. The treaty was ratified by Italy on 6 February 2009, and by Libya on 2 March, during a visit to Tripoli by Berlusconi. Co-operation ended in February 2011 as a result of the Libyan Civil War which overthrew Gaddafi. At the signing ceremony of the document, Italian Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi recognized historic atrocities and repression committed by the state of Italy against the Libyan people during colonial rule, stating: <i>In this historic document, Italy apologizes for its killing, destruction and repression of the Libyan people during the period of colonial rule.</i>" and went on to say that this was a "complete and moral acknowledgement of the damage inflicted on Libya by Italy during the colonial era".<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="21st_century">21st century</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_settlers_in_Libya&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 21st century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Only a few hundred Italians were allowed to return to Libya between 2000 and 2010. In 2006 the Italian embassy in Tripoli calculated that there were approximately 1,000 original Libyan Italians in Libya, mostly elderly people and assimilated Muslim living in Tripoli and Benghazi. </p><p>On 16 February 2006, the Italian consulate in Benghazi was closed following protests after Minister <a href="/wiki/Roberto_Calderoli" title="Roberto Calderoli">Roberto Calderoli</a> appeared on television wearing a T-shirt depicting one of the <a href="/wiki/Jyllands-Posten_Muhammad_cartoons_controversy" title="Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoons controversy">caricatures of Muhammad</a>. The protests resulted in the deaths of 11 Libyans and the wounding of 60 others, as well as damage to the Italian consulate.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to official figures, in 2007 there were 598 Italians in Libya. Almost all the Italians in Libya were evacuated at the start of the <a href="/wiki/First_Libyan_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First Libyan Civil War">first Civil War</a> in 2011, on special flights and by ship.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A few Italians returned to Libya after 2012, mainly oil technicians, humanitarian workers and diplomats, but most of these left at the start of the <a href="/wiki/Second_Libyan_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Libyan Civil War">second Civil War</a> in 2014. </p><p>There are also many descendants (probably 10,000, according to estimates of Italian historian Vidali) of Italian settlers who married Arabs and/or Berbers, and Libyans of mixed Italian and Arab/Berber blood may be considered Arabs or Berbers in the Libyan census. </p><p>At present, the Libyan Italians are organized in the <i>Associazione Italiani Rimpatriati dalla Libia</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They are involved in a struggle to have their confiscated properties returned.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Population_chart">Population chart</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_settlers_in_Libya&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Population chart"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Year</th> <th>Italians</th> <th>Percentage</th> <th>Total population of Libya</th> <th>Source </th></tr> <tr> <td>1927</td> <td>26,000</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-Istat_2010_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Istat_2010-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1931</td> <td>44,600</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-Istat_2010_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Istat_2010-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1936</td> <td>66,525</td> <td>7.84%</td> <td>848,600</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-Istat_2010_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Istat_2010-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><i>Enciclopedia Geografica Mondiale K-Z, De Agostini,1996</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1939</td> <td>119,139</td> <td>13.33%</td> <td>893,774</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-Istat_2010_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Istat_2010-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1962</td> <td>35,000</td> <td>2.1%</td> <td>1,681,739</td> <td><i>Enciclopedia Motta, Vol.VIII, Motta Editore, 1969</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1982</td> <td>1,500</td> <td>0.05%</td> <td>2,856,000</td> <td><i>Atlante Geografico Universale, Fabbri Editori, 1988</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2004</td> <td>22,530</td> <td>0.4%</td> <td>5,631,585</td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tlfq.ulaval.ca/axl/afrique/libye.htm"><i>L'Aménagement Linguistique dans le Monde</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090426013808/http://www.tlfq.ulaval.ca/axl/afrique/libye.htm">Archived</a> 26 April 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_settlers_in_Libya&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Notable people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Libya_Italy_Locator.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Libya_Italy_Locator.png/200px-Libya_Italy_Locator.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Libya_Italy_Locator.png/300px-Libya_Italy_Locator.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Libya_Italy_Locator.png/400px-Libya_Italy_Locator.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="1056" /></a><figcaption>Location of Italy (orange) and Libya (teal)</figcaption></figure> <dl><dt>Well-known Italian Libyans born in Libya (according to their place of birth)</dt> <dd></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tripoli">Tripoli</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_settlers_in_Libya&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Tripoli"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Claudio_Gentile" title="Claudio Gentile">Claudio Gentile</a> (born 1953), international football player and coach</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rossana_Podest%C3%A0" title="Rossana Podestà">Rossana Podestà</a> (1934–2013), international actress</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franco_Califano" title="Franco Califano">Franco Califano</a> (1938–2013), singer and music composer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Coscarelli" title="Don Coscarelli">Don Coscarelli</a> (born 1954), movie director and writer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Pagani" title="Herbert Pagani">Herbert Pagani</a> (1944–1988), singer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adriano_Visconti" title="Adriano Visconti">Adriano Visconti</a> (1915–1945), fighter pilot and flying ace</li> <li>Nicolò D'Alessandro (born 1944), artist and writer</li> <li>Emanuele Caracciolo (1912–1944), movie producer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Haggiag" title="Robert Haggiag">Robert Haggiag</a> (1913–2009), film producer</li> <li>Nicola Conte (1920–1976), navy officer</li> <li>Victor Magiar (born 1957), writer</li> <li>Valentino Parlato (born 1930), journalist and newspaper editor</li> <li>Gianni Pilo (born 1939), writer</li> <li>Ottavio Macaione (Born 1925–2016), favorite local football player in Tripoli.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valeria_Rossi" title="Valeria Rossi">Valeria Rossi</a> (born 1969), singer</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Benghazi">Benghazi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_settlers_in_Libya&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Benghazi"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Maurizio Seymandi (born 1939), TV anchor</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gabriele_de_Paolis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gabriele de Paolis (page does not exist)">Gabriele de Paolis</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabriele_de_Paolis" class="extiw" title="it:Gabriele de Paolis">it</a>]</span> (1924–1984), Italian Army General</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tarhuna">Tarhuna</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_settlers_in_Libya&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Tarhuna"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Innocenzo_Martinelli" title="Giovanni Innocenzo Martinelli">Giovanni Innocenzo Martinelli</a> (1942–2019), Libyan-Italian Roman Catholic prelate</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Al_Khums">Al Khums</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_settlers_in_Libya&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Al Khums"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mario_Schifano" title="Mario Schifano">Mario Schifano</a> (1934–1998), painter</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Marj">Marj</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_settlers_in_Libya&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Marj"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_Bandini" title="Lorenzo Bandini">Lorenzo Bandini</a> (1935–1967), motor racing driver</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_settlers_in_Libya&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid 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href="/wiki/Mare_Nostrum" title="Mare Nostrum">Mare Nostrum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italy%E2%80%93Libya_relations" title="Italy–Libya relations">Italy–Libya relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pied-Noirs" class="mw-redirect" title="Pied-Noirs">Pied-Noirs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Somalis" title="Italian Somalis">Italian Somalis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italians_of_Ethiopia" title="Italians of Ethiopia">Italians of Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Eritreans" title="Italian Eritreans">Italian Eritreans</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_settlers_in_Libya&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Istat_2010-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Istat_2010_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Istat_2010_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Istat_2010_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Istat_2010_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Istat_2010_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFIstat2010" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Statistics_(Italy)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Institute of Statistics (Italy)">Istat</a> (December 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140803195051/http://www3.istat.it/dati/catalogo/20120911_00/Annali_serie_XII_vol_2_anno_141_I_Censimenti_nell'Italia_unita_bis.pdf">"I censimenti nell'Italia unita I censimenti nell'Italia unita Le fonti di stato della popolazione tra il XIX e il XXI secolo ISTITUTO NAZIONALE DI STATISTICA SOCIETÀ ITALIANA DI DEMOGRAFIA STORICA Le fonti di stato della popolazione tra il XIX e il XXI secolo"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Annali di Statistica</i>. XII. <b>2</b>: 269. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www3.istat.it/dati/catalogo/20120911_00/Annali_serie_XII_vol_2_anno_141_I_Censimenti_nell'Italia_unita_bis.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 3 August 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 December</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annali+di+Statistica&rft.atitle=I+censimenti+nell%27Italia+unita+I+censimenti+nell%27Italia+unita+Le+fonti+di+stato+della+popolazione+tra+il+XIX+e+il+XXI+secolo+ISTITUTO+NAZIONALE+DI+STATISTICA+SOCIET%C3%80+ITALIANA+DI+DEMOGRAFIA+STORICA+Le+fonti+di+stato+della+popolazione+tra+il+XIX+e+il+XXI+secolo&rft.volume=2&rft.pages=269&rft.date=2010-12&rft.au=Istat&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww3.istat.it%2Fdati%2Fcatalogo%2F20120911_00%2FAnnali_serie_XII_vol_2_anno_141_I_Censimenti_nell%27Italia_unita_bis.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+settlers+in+Libya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KEtz-wzbs9Y">"Tripoli Grand Prix 1937 سباق الملاحة"</a> – via www.youtube.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tripoli+Grand+Prix+1937+%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%82+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%A9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DKEtz-wzbs9Y&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+settlers+in+Libya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110720153207/http://www.architecturebeyond.eu/wp-content/uploads/2010/10/vittoria-capresi_I-centri-rurali-libici.pdf">"New villages in coastal Libya (in Italian)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.architecturebeyond.eu/wp-content/uploads/2010/10/vittoria-capresi_I-centri-rurali-libici.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 20 July 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=New+villages+in+coastal+Libya+%28in+Italian%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.architecturebeyond.eu%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2010%2F10%2Fvittoria-capresi_I-centri-rurali-libici.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+settlers+in+Libya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreenbergA._Foster2023" class="citation book cs1">Greenberg, Udi; A. 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Fascist Eagle: Italy's Air Marshal Italo Balbo</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Favero, Luigi e Tassello, Graziano. <i>Cent'anni di emigrazione italiana (1876-1976)</i>. Cser. Roma, 1978.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200803155039/http://www.axl.cefan.ulaval.ca/afrique/libye.htm">"Libye"</a>. <i>Accueil</i> (in French). CEFAN. 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Oxford Business Group, 2008.Pp. 17.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110718175703/http://www.ilsole24ore.com/fc?cmd=art&codid=20.0.1810967481&chId=30&artType=Articolo&DocRulesView=Libero">"Protesta contro l'Italia in Libia: 11 morti"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Il_Sole_24_Ore" title="Il Sole 24 Ore">Il Sole 24 Ore</a></i> (in Italian). 18 February 2006. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ilsole24ore.com/fc?cmd=art&codid=20.0.1810967481&chId=30&artType=Articolo&DocRulesView=Libero">the original</a> on 18 July 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Il+Sole+24+Ore&rft.atitle=Protesta+contro+l%27Italia+in+Libia%3A+11+morti&rft.date=2006-02-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ilsole24ore.com%2Ffc%3Fcmd%3Dart%26codid%3D20.0.1810967481%26chId%3D30%26artType%3DArticolo%26DocRulesView%3DLibero&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+settlers+in+Libya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.corriere.it/esteri/11_febbraio_21/libia-ue-diplomazie_adf0feea-3dda-11e0-8c41-24e78bec137b.shtml">"Evacuazione degli italiani, pronto C-130 La Russa manda la nave militare Mimbelli"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Corriere_della_Sera" title="Corriere della Sera">Corriere della Sera</a></i> (in Italian). No. 21 February 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Corriere+della+Sera&rft.atitle=Evacuazione+degli+italiani%2C+pronto+C-130+La+Russa+manda+la+nave+militare+Mimbelli&rft.issue=21+February+2011&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.corriere.it%2Festeri%2F11_febbraio_21%2Flibia-ue-diplomazie_adf0feea-3dda-11e0-8c41-24e78bec137b.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+settlers+in+Libya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121114222938/http://www.politica24.it/articolo/italiani-in-libia-evacuati-i-connazionali-rimasti-senza-viveri/8603/">"Italiani in Libia: evacuati i connazionali rimasti senza viveri"</a>. <i>Politica 24</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.politica24.it/articolo/italiani-in-libia-evacuati-i-connazionali-rimasti-senza-viveri/8603/">the original</a> on 14 November 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Politica+24&rft.atitle=Italiani+in+Libia%3A+evacuati+i+connazionali+rimasti+senza+viveri&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.politica24.it%2Farticolo%2Fitaliani-in-libia-evacuati-i-connazionali-rimasti-senza-viveri%2F8603%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+settlers+in+Libya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.airl.it/">"Home"</a>. <i>AIRL</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AIRL&rft.atitle=Home&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.airl.it%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+settlers+in+Libya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141006075016/http://www.airl.it/beta/chi_siamo_nostra.php">"History of the Italian refugees from Gheddafi Libya (in Italian)"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.airl.it/beta/chi_siamo_nostra.php">the original</a> on 6 October 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 May</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+of+the+Italian+refugees+from+Gheddafi+Libya+%28in+Italian%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.airl.it%2Fbeta%2Fchi_siamo_nostra.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+settlers+in+Libya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_settlers_in_Libya&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMetz1989" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Helen_Chapin_Metz" title="Helen Chapin Metz">Metz, Helen Chapin</a>, ed. (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/item/88600480/"><i>Libya : a country study</i></a>. Washington DC: Federal Research Division, Library of Congress. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/88600480">88600480</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Libya+%3A+a+country+study&rft.place=Washington+DC&rft.pub=Federal+Research+Division%2C+Library+of+Congress&rft.date=1989&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F88600480&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.loc.gov%2Fitem%2F88600480%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+settlers+in+Libya" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Sarti, Roland. <i>The Ax Within: Italian Fascism in Action</i>. Modern Viewpoints. New York, 1974.</li> <li>Smeaton Munro, Ion. <i>Through Fascism to World Power: A History of the Revolution in Italy</i>. Ayer Publishing. Manchester (New Hampshire), 1971. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8369-5912-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-8369-5912-4">0-8369-5912-4</a></li> <li>Taylor, Blaine. <i>Fascist Eagle: Italy's Air Marshal Italo Balbo</i>. Montana: Pictorial Histories Publishing Company, 1996. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-57510-012-6" title="Special:BookSources/1-57510-012-6">1-57510-012-6</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_settlers_in_Libya&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110324073409/http://www.airl.it/photo.php">Photos of former Italian settlers and their villages in Libya</a></li> <li><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/I_rapporti_italo-libici_nel_secondo_dopoguerra" class="extiw" title="it:I rapporti italo-libici nel secondo dopoguerra">The Italians in Libya after World War II</a> <span class="languageicon">(in Italian)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tlOXPOWa4dEC&dq=italian+libyan&pg=PA191">Italian Libyan citizenship problems</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.voanews.com/english/archive/2004-12/2004-12-01-voa71.cfm?moddate=2004-12-01">Agreement to restore Italian Cemetery in Tripoli</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.paolocason.it/Libia/Pagine/Tripoli'00-'60.htm">Photos of Italian Tripoli</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Template:Italian_colonial_empire" title="Template:Italian colonial empire"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Italian_colonial_empire" title="Template talk:Italian colonial empire"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Italian_colonial_empire" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Italian colonial empire"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Kingdom_of_Italy&#124;link=Kingdom_of_Italy_Italian_Empire" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy" title="Kingdom of Italy"><img alt="Kingdom of Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Italian_Empire" title="Italian Empire">Italian Empire</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Subdivisions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Western <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea">Mediterranean</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_occupation_of_France" title="Italian occupation of France">Southeastern France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Monaco#20th_century" title="History of Monaco">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_occupation_of_Corsica" title="Italian occupation of Corsica">Corsica</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Balkans" title="Balkans">Balkans</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Albania <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_protectorate_over_Albania" title="Italian protectorate over Albania">World War I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_protectorate_of_Albania_(1939%E2%80%931943)" title="Italian protectorate of Albania (1939–1943)">World War II</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Islands_of_the_Aegean" title="Italian Islands of the Aegean">Islands of the Aegean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_State_of_Croatia" title="Independent State of Croatia">Independent State of Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governorate_of_Dalmatia" title="Governorate of Dalmatia">Dalmatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axis_occupation_of_Greece" title="Axis occupation of Greece">Greece</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hellenic_State_(1941%E2%80%931944)" title="Hellenic State (1941–1944)">Hellenic State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_the_Pindus" title="Principality of the Pindus">Principality of the Pindus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corfiot_Italians#World_War_II" title="Corfiot Italians">Ionian Islands</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Ljubljana" title="Province of Ljubljana">Italian Province of Lubiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_governorate_of_Montenegro" title="Italian governorate of Montenegro">Governorate of Montenegro</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Horn_of_Africa" title="Horn of Africa">Horn of Africa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Eritrea" title="Italian Eritrea">Italian Eritrea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Somaliland" title="Italian Somaliland">Italian Somaliland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oltre_Giuba" title="Oltre Giuba">Oltre Giuba</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_East_Africa" title="Italian East Africa">Italian East Africa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eritrea_Governorate" title="Eritrea Governorate">Eritrea Governorate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somalia_Governorate" title="Somalia Governorate">Somalia Governorate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_invasion_of_British_Somaliland" title="Italian invasion of British Somaliland">British Somaliland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amhara_Governorate" title="Amhara Governorate">Amhara Governorate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harar_Governorate" title="Harar Governorate">Harar Governorate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galla-Sidamo_Governorate" title="Galla-Sidamo Governorate">Galla-Sidamo Governorate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scioa_Governorate" title="Scioa Governorate">Scioa Governorate</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Italian_Ethiopia" title="Italian Ethiopia">Italian Ethiopia</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Italian_colonization_of_Libya" title="Italian colonization of Libya">Libya</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Tripolitania" title="Italian Tripolitania">Tripolitania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Cyrenaica" title="Italian Cyrenaica">Cyrenaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Libya" title="Italian Libya">Italian Libya</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tripoli_Province" title="Tripoli Province">Tripoli Province</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misrata_Governorate" title="Misrata Governorate">Misrata Province</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benghazi_Province" title="Benghazi Province">Benghazi Province</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derna_Province" title="Derna Province">Derna Province</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Military_Territory" title="Southern Military Territory">Southern Military Territory</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Far_East" title="Far East">Far East</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_concession_of_Tianjin" title="Italian concession of Tianjin">Italian concession of Tientsin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concessions_of_Italy_in_China" title="Concessions of Italy in China">Concessions & Forts of Italy in China</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Planned expansion</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_occupation_of_Adalia" title="Italian occupation of Adalia">Adalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_invasion_of_Egypt" title="Italian invasion of Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_occupation_of_Majorca" title="Italian occupation of Majorca">Majorca</a></li> <li><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian_invasion_of_French_Somaliland" class="extiw" title="simple:Italian invasion of French Somaliland">Tentative to occupy French Somaliland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_African_campaign_(World_War_II)#British_East_Africa_(Kenya)" title="East African campaign (World War II)">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_African_campaign_(World_War_II)#Anglo-Egyptian_Sudan" title="East African campaign (World War II)">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Herkules" title="Operation Herkules">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Tannenbaum" title="Operation Tannenbaum">Ticino, Valais and Grisons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisian_campaign" title="Tunisian campaign">Tunisia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Impero_italiano.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Impero_italiano.svg/280px-Impero_italiano.svg.png" decoding="async" width="280" height="281" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Impero_italiano.svg/420px-Impero_italiano.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Impero_italiano.svg/560px-Impero_italiano.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="501" /></a><figcaption>The Italian empire before WWII is shown in red. Pink areas were annexed/occupied for various periods between 1940 and 1943. Italian concessions and forts in China are not shown.</figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Settlers and Irredentism</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Settlers and colonists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_colonists_in_Albania" title="Italian colonists in Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_colonists_in_the_Dodecanese" title="Italian colonists in the Dodecanese">Dodecanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Eritreans" title="Italian Eritreans">Eritrea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italians_of_Ethiopia" title="Italians of Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Somalis" title="Italian Somalis">Somalia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Italian_irredentism" title="Italian irredentism">Irredentism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_irredentism_in_Corsica" title="Italian irredentism in Corsica">Corsica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_irredentism_in_Nice" title="Italian irredentism in Nice">Nice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_irredentism_in_Savoy" title="Italian irredentism in Savoy">Savoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_irredentism_in_Dalmatia" title="Italian irredentism in Dalmatia">Dalmatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_irredentism_in_Istria" title="Italian irredentism in Istria">Istria-Venezia Giulia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_irredentism_in_Malta" title="Italian irredentism in Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_irredentism_in_Switzerland" title="Italian irredentism in Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corfiot_Italians#Corfiot_Italians_and_the_Risorgimento" title="Corfiot Italians">Corfu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Architecture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Governmental</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Governor%27s_Palace_of_Mogadishu" title="Governor's Palace of Mogadishu">Governor's Palace <span style="font-size:85%;">(Mogadishu) </span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Palace_of_Tripoli" title="Royal Palace of Tripoli">Governor's Palace <span style="font-size:85%;">(Tripoli) </span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor%27s_Palace,_Asmara" title="Governor's Palace, Asmara">Governor's Palace <span style="font-size:85%;">(Asmara) </span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asmara_President%27s_Office" class="mw-redirect" title="Asmara President's Office">Asmara Presidential Palace <span style="font-size:85%;">(Asmara) </span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Civilian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mogadishu_Cathedral" title="Mogadishu Cathedral">Mogadishu Cathedral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Our_Lady_of_the_Rosary,_Asmara" title="Church of Our Lady of the Rosary, Asmara">Church of Our Lady of the Rosary, Asmara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benghazi_Cathedral" title="Benghazi Cathedral">Benghazi Cathedral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripoli_Cathedral" title="Tripoli Cathedral">Tripoli Cathedral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_Impero" title="Cinema Impero">Cinema Impero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiat_Tagliero_Building" title="Fiat Tagliero Building">Fiat Tagliero Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marble_Arch_(Libya)" title="Marble Arch (Libya)">Marble Arch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asmara_Theatre" title="Asmara Theatre">Asmara Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Guardafui#Lighthouse_"Francesco_Crispi"" title="Cape Guardafui">Lighthouse "Francesco Crispi" (Cape Guardafui)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Urbanism</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tripoli,_Libya#Italian_era" title="Tripoli, Libya">Italian Tripoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mogadishu_under_Italian_rule" class="mw-redirect" title="Mogadishu under Italian rule">Mogadishu under Italian rule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Benghazi" title="Italian Benghazi">Italian Benghazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asmara#Italian_Asmera" title="Asmara">Italian Asmara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massawa#Italian_rule" title="Massawa">Italian Massaua</a></li> <li><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Addis_Abeba" class="extiw" title="simple:Addis Abeba">Addis Abeba under Italian rule</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Infrastructure</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mogadishu%E2%80%93Villabruzzi_Railway" title="Mogadishu–Villabruzzi Railway">Mogadishu–Villabruzzi Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethio-Djibouti_Railways" title="Ethio-Djibouti Railways">Ethio-Djibouti Railways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eritrean_Railway" title="Eritrean Railway">Eritrean Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asmara-Massawa_Cableway" title="Asmara-Massawa Cableway">Asmara-Massawa Cableway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_railway_stations_in_Eritrea" title="List of railway stations in Eritrea">Railway stations in Eritrea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Somalia" title="Rail transport in Somalia">Rail transport in Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_Coastal_Highway" title="Libyan Coastal Highway">Via Balbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Via_della_Vittoria" title="Via della Vittoria">Via della Vittoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Line" title="Imperial Line">Linea dell'Impero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Libya_Railways" title="Italian Libya Railways">Italian Libya Railways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Railway_stations_in_Libya" title="Railway stations in Libya">Libyan Railway stations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_colonial_railways" title="Italian colonial railways">History of Italian colonial railways</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Political concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_imperialism_under_Fascism" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian imperialism under Fascism">Greater Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mare_Nostrum" title="Mare Nostrum">Mare Nostrum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Empire" title="Italian Empire">New Roman Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spazio_vitale" title="Spazio vitale">Spazio vitale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Shore" title="Fourth Shore">Fourth Shore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Succession_of_the_Roman_Empire#Risorgimento_and_Fascist_Italy" title="Succession of the Roman Empire">Third Rome</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Police and military</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_African_Police" title="Italian African Police">Italian African Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bands_(Italian_Army_irregulars)" title="Bands (Italian Army irregulars)">Bands (Italian Army irregulars)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zapti%C3%A9" title="Zaptié">Zaptié</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dubat" title="Dubat">Dubat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savari" title="Savari">Savari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Spahis" title="Italian Spahis">Spahis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Corps_of_Colonial_Troops" title="Royal Corps of Colonial Troops">Royal Corps of Colonial Troops</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Corps_of_Eritrean_Colonial_Troops" title="Royal Corps of Eritrean Colonial Troops">Eritrean Ascari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Corps_of_Somali_Colonial_Troops" title="Royal Corps of Somali Colonial Troops">Somali Ascari</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ascari_del_Cielo" title="Ascari del Cielo">Ascari del Cielo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_1st_Eritrean_Division" title="Italian 1st Eritrean Division">Italian 1st Eritrean Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_2nd_Eritrean_Division" title="Italian 2nd Eritrean Division">Italian 2nd Eritrean Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1st_Libyan_Division_Sibille" class="mw-redirect" title="1st Libyan Division Sibille">1st Libyan Division Sibille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2nd_Libyan_Division_Pescatori" class="mw-redirect" title="2nd Libyan Division Pescatori">2nd Libyan Division Pescatori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Libyan_Colonial_Division" title="Italian Libyan Colonial Division">Italian Libyan Colonial Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Somali_Divisions_(101_and_102)" title="Italian Somali Divisions (101 and 102)">Italian Somali Divisions (101 and 102)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maletti_Group" title="Maletti Group">Maletti Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legione_Redenta" title="Legione Redenta">Legione Redenta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_guerrilla_war_in_Ethiopia" title="Italian guerrilla war in Ethiopia">Italian guerrilla units (A.O.I.)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Currencies and Stamps</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eritrean_tallero" title="Eritrean tallero">Eritrean tallero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_East_African_lira" title="Italian East African lira">Italian East African lira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Somaliland_lira" title="Italian Somaliland lira">Italian Somaliland lira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Somaliland_rupia" title="Italian Somaliland rupia">Italian Somaliland rupia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somalo" title="Somalo">Somalo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Italian_East_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Italian East Africa">Postage stamps and postal history of Italian East Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Oltre_Giuba" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Oltre Giuba">Postage stamps and postal history of Oltre Giuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_of_Italian_Libya" title="Postage stamps of Italian Libya">Postage stamps of Italian Libya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Italian_Libya" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Italian_Libya" title="Template:Italian Libya"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Italian_Libya" title="Template talk:Italian Libya"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Italian_Libya" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Italian Libya"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Italian_Libya" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Italian_Libya" title="Italian Libya">Italian Libya</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors-general_of_Italian_Libya" title="List of governors-general of Italian Libya">Governors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italo_Balbo" title="Italo Balbo">Italo Balbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rodolfo_Graziani" title="Rodolfo Graziani">Rodolfo Graziani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italo_Gariboldi" title="Italo Gariboldi">Italo Gariboldi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ettore_Bastico" title="Ettore Bastico">Ettore Bastico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Messe" title="Giovanni Messe">Giovanni Messe</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Administrative_subdivision_of_Italian_Libya.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Administrative_subdivision_of_Italian_Libya.jpg/200px-Administrative_subdivision_of_Italian_Libya.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="257" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Administrative_subdivision_of_Italian_Libya.jpg/300px-Administrative_subdivision_of_Italian_Libya.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Administrative_subdivision_of_Italian_Libya.jpg/400px-Administrative_subdivision_of_Italian_Libya.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="642" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italo-Turkish_War" title="Italo-Turkish War">Italo-Turkish War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_colonization_of_Libya" title="Italian colonization of Libya">Italian colonization of Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Libya" title="Italian Libya">Italian Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Italo-Senussi_War" title="Second Italo-Senussi War">Second Italo-Senussi War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Desert_campaign" title="Western Desert campaign">Western Desert campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_African_campaign" title="North African campaign">North African campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allied_administration_of_Libya" title="Allied administration of Libya">Allied administration of Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1945_anti-Jewish_riots_in_Tripolitania" title="1945 anti-Jewish riots in Tripolitania">1945 anti-Jewish riots in Tripolitania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_refugees_from_Libya" title="Italian refugees from Libya">Italian refugees from Libya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Provinces</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tripoli_Province" title="Tripoli Province">Tripoli Province</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misrata_Governorate" title="Misrata Governorate">Misurata Province</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benghazi_Province" title="Benghazi Province">Benghazi Province</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derna_Province" title="Derna Province">Derna Province</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Military_Territory" title="Southern Military Territory">Southern Military Territory</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Italian settlers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Tripolitania" title="Italian Tripolitania">Italian Tripolitania</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_colonial_governors_of_Italian_Tripolitania" title="List of colonial governors of Italian Tripolitania">Governors</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Cyrenaica" title="Italian Cyrenaica">Italian Cyrenaica</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_colonial_governors_of_Italian_Cyrenaica" title="List of colonial governors of Italian Cyrenaica">Governors</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Empire" title="Italian Empire">Italian Empire</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_imperialism_under_Fascism" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian imperialism under Fascism">Fascist imperialism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Libya_Railways" title="Italian Libya Railways">Italian Libya Railways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Railway_stations_in_Libya" title="Railway stations in Libya">Railway stations in Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Castel_Benito" title="RAF Castel Benito">Tripoli-Castel Benito Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Benghazi" title="Italian Benghazi">Italian Benghazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_Coastal_Highway" title="Libyan Coastal Highway">Via Balbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Via_della_Vittoria" title="Via della Vittoria">Via della Vittoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marble_Arch_(Libya)" title="Marble Arch (Libya)">Arch of the Fileni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripoli_Grand_Prix" title="Tripoli Grand Prix">Tripoli Grand Prix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripoli_International_Fair" title="Tripoli International Fair">Tripoli International Fair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Line" title="Imperial Line">Imperial Line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frontier_Wire_(Libya)" title="Frontier Wire (Libya)">Frontier Wire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italo-Turkish_War" title="Italo-Turkish War">Italo-Turkish War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_and_massacre_at_Shar_al-Shatt" title="Battle and massacre at Shar al-Shatt">Sciara Sciatt massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_Association_of_the_Lictor" title="Muslim Association of the Lictor">Muslim Association of the Lictor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Lictor_Youth" title="Arab Lictor Youth">Arab Lictor Youth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Capuzzo" title="Fort Capuzzo">Fort Capuzzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auto-Saharan_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Auto-Saharan Company">Auto-Saharan Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Shore" title="Fourth Shore">Fourth Shore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_of_Italian_Libya" title="Postage stamps of Italian Libya">Postage stamps</a></li> <li>Pidgin Italian of Libya</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Innocenzo_Martinelli" title="Giovanni Innocenzo Martinelli">Giovanni Innocenzo Martinelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adriano_Visconti" title="Adriano Visconti">Adriano Visconti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rossana_Podest%C3%A0" title="Rossana Podestà">Rossana Podestà</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claudio_Gentile" title="Claudio Gentile">Claudio Gentile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franco_Califano" title="Franco Califano">Franco Califano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_Bandini" title="Lorenzo Bandini">Lorenzo Bandini</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Colonial troops</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Libyan_Colonial_Division" title="Italian Libyan Colonial Division">Italian Libyan Colonial Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1st_Libyan_Division_(Italy)" title="1st Libyan Division (Italy)">1st Libyan Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2nd_Libyan_Division_(Italy)" title="2nd Libyan Division (Italy)">2nd Libyan Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maletti_Group" title="Maletti Group">Maletti Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ascari_del_Cielo" title="Ascari del Cielo">Ascari del Cielo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_African_Police" title="Italian African Police">Italian African Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bands_(Italian_Army_irregulars)" title="Bands (Italian Army irregulars)">Bands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zapti%C3%A9" title="Zaptié">Zaptié</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savari" title="Savari">Savari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Spahis" title="Italian Spahis">Spahis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Corps_of_Colonial_Troops" title="Royal Corps of Colonial Troops">Royal Corps of Colonial Troops</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_Italian_diaspora" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Italian_diaspora" title="Template:Italian diaspora"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Italian_diaspora" title="Template talk:Italian diaspora"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Italian_diaspora" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Italian diaspora"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_Italian_diaspora" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Italian_diaspora" title="Italian diaspora">Italian diaspora</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Algerians" title="Italian Algerians">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Egyptians" title="Italian Egyptians">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Eritreans" title="Italian Eritreans">Eritrea</a><sup><small>3</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italians_of_Ethiopia" title="Italians of Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a><sup><small>3</small></sup></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Libya</a><sup><small>3</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Moroccans" title="Italian Moroccans">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Somalis" title="Italian Somalis">Somalia</a><sup><small>3</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_South_Africans" title="Italian South Africans">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Tunisians" title="Italian Tunisians">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Zimbabweans" title="Italian Zimbabweans">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Italy.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/90px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/135px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/180px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Argentines" title="Italian Argentines">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Bolivians" title="Italian Bolivians">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Brazilians" title="Italian Brazilians">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Canadians" title="Italian Canadians">Canada</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Canadians_in_Greater_Montreal" title="Italian Canadians in Greater Montreal">Montreal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Canadians_in_the_Greater_Toronto_Area" title="Italian Canadians in the Greater Toronto Area">Toronto</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Chileans" title="Italian Chileans">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Colombian" title="Italian Colombian">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Costa_Ricans" title="Italian Costa Ricans">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Cubans" title="Italian Cubans">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Dominicans" title="Italian Dominicans">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Ecuadorians" title="Italian Ecuadorians">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Salvadorans" title="Italian Salvadorans">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Guatemalans" title="Italian Guatemalans">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Haitians" title="Italian Haitians">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Hondurans" title="Italian Hondurans">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_immigration_to_Mexico" title="Italian immigration to Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Panamanians" title="Italian Panamanians">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Paraguayans" title="Italian Paraguayans">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Peruvians" title="Italian Peruvians">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Puerto_Ricans" title="Italian Puerto Ricans">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Americans" title="Italian Americans">United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italians_in_the_United_States_before_1880" title="Italians in the United States before 1880">before 1880</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Italian_Americans_by_location" title="Template:Italian Americans by location">by city</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sicilian_Americans" title="Sicilian Americans">Sicilian Americans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Uruguayans" title="Italian Uruguayans">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italo-Venezuelans" class="mw-redirect" title="Italo-Venezuelans">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italians_in_India" title="Italians in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italians_in_Japan" title="Italians in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italians_in_Lebanon" title="Italians in Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Levantine" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian Levantine">Turkey</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italians_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Italians in the United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_colonists_in_Albania" title="Italian colonists in Albania">Albania</a><sup><small>3</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_immigration_to_Belgium" title="Italian immigration to Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italians_of_Croatia" title="Italians of Croatia">Croatia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Istrian_Italians" title="Istrian Italians">Istria</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalmatian_Italians" title="Dalmatian Italians">Dalmatia</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italians_in_Finland" title="Italians in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italians_in_France" title="Italians in France">France</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Corsicans" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian Corsicans">Corsica</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ni%C3%A7ard_Italians" title="Niçard Italians">Nice</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savoyard_Italians" class="mw-redirect" title="Savoyard Italians">Savoy</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italians_in_Germany" title="Italians in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li>Greece <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corfiot_Italians" title="Corfiot Italians">Corfu</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_colonists_in_the_Dodecanese" title="Italian colonists in the Dodecanese">Dodecanese</a><sup><small>3</small></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Maltese" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian Maltese">Malta</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italians_in_Romania" title="Italians in Romania">Romania</a></li> <li>Slovenia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Istrian_Italians" title="Istrian Italians">Istria</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italians_in_Spain" title="Italians in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Swedes" title="Italian Swedes">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_immigration_to_Switzerland" title="Italian immigration to Switzerland">Switzerland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Italian" title="Swiss Italian">Ticino</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Italian" title="Swiss Italian">Grisons</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italians_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Italians in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Scots" title="Italian Scots">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Italians" title="Welsh Italians">Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Genoese_in_Gibraltar" title="History of the Genoese in Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li></ul></li> <li>Ukraine <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italians_of_Crimea" title="Italians of Crimea">Crimea</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italians_of_Odesa" title="Italians of Odesa">Odesa</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Australians" title="Italian Australians">Australia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_community_of_Melbourne" title="Italian community of Melbourne">Melbourne</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_New_Zealanders" title="Italian New Zealanders">New Zealand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Exodus</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Istrian%E2%80%93Dalmatian_exodus" title="Istrian–Dalmatian exodus">Istrian–Dalmatian exodus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ni%C3%A7ard_exodus" title="Niçard exodus">Niçard exodus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Neighborhoods</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Little_Italy" title="Little Italy">Little Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Italian-American_neighborhoods" title="List of Italian-American neighborhoods">List of Italian-American neighborhoods</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><sup><small>1</small></sup> local ethnic Italians<br /><sup><small>2</small></sup> ancient Italian migrations<br /><sup><small>3</small></sup> former <a href="/wiki/Italian_Empire" title="Italian Empire">Italian colonies or protectorates</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Demographics_of_Libya" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Demographics_of_Libya" title="Template:Demographics of Libya"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Demographics_of_Libya" title="Template talk:Demographics of Libya"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Demographics_of_Libya" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Demographics of Libya"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Demographics_of_Libya" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Libya" title="Demographics of Libya">Demographics of Libya</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Libya" title="Religion in Libya">Religions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Libya" title="Islam in Libya">Islam</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam_in_Libya" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunni Islam in Libya">Sunni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shia_Islam_in_Libya" class="mw-redirect" title="Shia Islam in Libya">Shia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Libya" title="Christianity in Libya">Christianity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Libya#Coptic_Orthodox_Church" title="Christianity in Libya">Coptic Orthodox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholicism_in_Libya" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholicism in Libya">Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestantism_in_Libya" title="Protestantism in Libya">Protestant</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Libya" title="History of the Jews in Libya">Jews</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ethnic groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Libyan people">Arabs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab-Berber" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab-Berber">Arab-Berber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bedouin" title="Bedouin">Bedouin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dawada" title="Dawada">Dawada</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berbers_in_Libya" class="mw-redirect" title="Berbers in Libya">Berbers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circassians_in_Libya" title="Circassians in Libya">Circassians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filipinos_in_Libya" title="Filipinos in Libya">Filipinos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italians_in_Libya" class="mw-redirect" title="Italians in Libya">Italian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuareg_people" title="Tuareg people">Tuareg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toubou_people" title="Toubou people">Toubou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copts_in_Libya" title="Copts in Libya">Copts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gouran" class="mw-redirect" title="Gouran">Gouran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doms_in_Libya" title="Doms in Libya">Doms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Libya" title="Turks in Libya">Turks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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