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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Ankylosauria</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 43 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-43" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">43 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ankylosauria" title="Ankylosauria – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Ankylosauria" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%86%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="أنكيلوصوريات – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أنكيلوصوريات" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ankilozavrlar" title="Ankilozavrlar – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Ankilozavrlar" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="آنکیلوزاورلار – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="آنکیلوزاورلار" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%9E%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Анкілазаўры – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Анкілазаўры" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ankylosauria" title="Ankylosauria – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Ankylosauria" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancilosaures" title="Ancilosaures – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ancilosaures" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ankylosauria" title="Ankylosauria – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Ankylosauria" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ankylosauria" title="Ankylosauria – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ankylosauria" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ankylosauria" title="Ankylosauria – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ankylosauria" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ankylosauria" title="Ankylosauria – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ankylosauria" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ankilosa%C5%ADruloj" title="Ankilosaŭruloj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ankilosaŭruloj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ankylosauria" title="Ankylosauria – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ankylosauria" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%AF%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%AE%D8%B2%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86" title="خمیده‌خزنده‌سانان – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="خمیده‌خزنده‌سانان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ankylosauria" title="Ankylosauria – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ankylosauria" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B3%A1%EB%A3%A1%EB%A5%98" title="곡룡류 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="곡룡류" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ankylosauria" title="Ankylosauria – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Ankylosauria" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ankylosauria" title="Ankylosauria – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ankylosauria" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%96%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%94" title="אנקילוזאוריה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אנקילוזאוריה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%96%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="ანკილოზავრები – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ანკილოზავრები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Анкилозаврлар – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Анкилозаврлар" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ankylosauria" title="Ankylosauria – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Ankylosauria" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ankylosauria" title="Ankylosauria – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Ankylosauria" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ankylosauria" title="Ankylosauria – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Ankylosauria" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9B%B2%E7%AB%9C%E9%A1%9E" title="曲竜類 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="曲竜類" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%86%E0%AC%99%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%95%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%87%E0%AC%B2%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%B8%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%86" title="ଆଙ୍କାଇଲୋସୁରିଆ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଆଙ୍କାଇଲୋସୁରିଆ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ankylozaury" title="Ankylozaury – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ankylozaury" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ankylosauria" title="Ankylosauria – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ankylosauria" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ankylosauria" title="Ankylosauria – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ankylosauria" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Анкилозавры – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Анкилозавры" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ankylosaur" title="Ankylosaur – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Ankylosaur" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ankylosaury" title="Ankylosaury – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Ankylosaury" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ankilosauri" title="Ankilosauri – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Ankilosauri" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ankylosauria" title="Ankylosauria – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ankylosauria" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ankylosaurier" title="Ankylosaurier – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ankylosaurier" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ankylosauria" title="Ankylosauria – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Ankylosauria" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Анкилозаврлар – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Анкилозаврлар" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="แองคิโลซอร์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="แองคิโลซอร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%80%D2%B3%D0%BE" title="Анкилозаврҳо – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Анкилозаврҳо" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ankylosauria" title="Ankylosauria – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Ankylosauria" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Анкілозаври – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Анкілозаври" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ankylosauria" title="Ankylosauria – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Ankylosauria" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%94%B2%E9%BE%99%E4%BA%9A%E7%9B%AE" title="甲龙亚目 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="甲龙亚目" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Extinct order of dinosaurs</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox biota" style="text-align: left; width: 200px; font-size: 100%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)">Ankylosaurs<br /><div style="font-size: 85%;">Temporal range: <br /><a href="/wiki/Middle_Jurassic" title="Middle Jurassic">Middle Jurassic</a>—<a href="/wiki/Late_Cretaceous" title="Late Cretaceous">Late Cretaceous</a>, <span class="noprint"><span style="display:inline-block;"></span><span style="display:inline-block;">Bathonian–Maastrichtian</span> <span style="display:inline-block;"></span><div id="Timeline-row" style="margin: 4px auto 0; clear:both; width:220px; padding:0px; height:18px; overflow:visible; white-space:nowrap; border:1px #666; border-style:solid none; position:relative; z-index:0; font-size:97%;"> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; left:0px; width:207.23076923077px; padding-left:5px; text-align:left; background-color:rgb(254,217,106); background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgba(255,255,255,1), rgba(254,217,106,1) 15%, rgba(254,217,106,1));"><a href="/wiki/Precambrian" title="Precambrian">PreꞒ</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(127,160,86); left:37.636923076923px; width:18.073846153846px;"><a href="/wiki/Cambrian" title="Cambrian">Ꞓ</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(0,146,112); left:55.710769230769px; width:14.08px;"><a href="/wiki/Ordovician" title="Ordovician">O</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(179,225,182); left:69.790769230769px; width:8.3261538461539px;"><a href="/wiki/Silurian" title="Silurian">S</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(203,140,55); left:78.116923076923px; width:20.409230769231px;"><a href="/wiki/Devonian" title="Devonian">D</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(103,165,153); left:98.526153846154px; width:20.307692307692px;"><a href="/wiki/Carboniferous" title="Carboniferous">C</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(240,64,40); left:118.83384615385px; width:15.907015384615px;"><a href="/wiki/Permian" title="Permian">P</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(129,43,146); left:134.74086153846px; width:17.092984615385px;"><a href="/wiki/Triassic" title="Triassic">T</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(52,178,201); left:151.83384615385px; width:19.089230769231px;"><a href="/wiki/Jurassic" title="Jurassic">J</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(127,198,78); left:170.92307692308px; width:26.738461538462px;"><a href="/wiki/Cretaceous" title="Cretaceous">K</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(253,154,82); left:197.66153846154px; width:14.543692307692px;"><a href="/wiki/Paleogene" title="Paleogene">Pg</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(255,230,25); left:212.20523076923px; width:6.9215384615385px;"><a href="/wiki/Neogene" title="Neogene">N</a></div> <div id="end-border" style="position:absolute; height:100%; background-color:#666; width:1px; left:219px"></div><div style="margin:0 auto; line-height:0; clear:both; width:220px; padding:0px; height:8px; overflow:visible; background-color:transparent; position:relative; top:-4px; z-index:100;"><div style="position:absolute; height:8px; left:152.47692307692px; width:45.184615384615px; background-color:#360; opacity:0.42;"></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:8px; left:163.07076923077px; width:34.590769230769px; background-color:#360; opacity:1;"></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:6px; top:1px; left:164.07076923077px; width:32.590769230769px; background-color:#6c3;"></div> </div> </div></span><small>Possible <a href="/wiki/Sinemurian" title="Sinemurian">Sinemurian</a>-<a href="/wiki/Pliensbachian" title="Pliensbachian">Pliensbachian</a> record<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></small></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Ankylosauria_Diversity.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Ankylosauria_Diversity.jpg/260px-Ankylosauria_Diversity.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Ankylosauria_Diversity.jpg/390px-Ankylosauria_Diversity.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Ankylosauria_Diversity.jpg/520px-Ankylosauria_Diversity.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2541" data-file-height="1706" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%">Collection of ankylosaurs. From top left to right: <i><a href="/wiki/Liaoningosaurus" title="Liaoningosaurus">Liaoningosaurus</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Edmontonia" title="Edmontonia">Edmontonia</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Tianzhenosaurus" title="Tianzhenosaurus">Tianzhenosaurus</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Gargoyleosaurus" title="Gargoyleosaurus">Gargoyleosaurus</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Scolosaurus" title="Scolosaurus">Scolosaurus</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Denversaurus" title="Denversaurus">Denversaurus</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Gastonia_(dinosaur)" title="Gastonia (dinosaur)">Gastonia</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Borealopelta" title="Borealopelta">Borealopelta</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Akainacephalus" title="Akainacephalus">Akainacephalus</a></i>. </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Scientific classification</a> <span class="plainlinks taxobox-edit-taxonomy skin-invert" style="font-size:smaller; float:right; padding-right:0.4em; margin-left:-3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Ankylosauria" title="Edit this classification"><img alt="Edit this classification" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/23px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Domain: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eukaryote" title="Eukaryote">Eukaryota</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kingdom: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animalia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Phylum: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chordate" title="Chordate">Chordata</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dinosaur" title="Dinosaur">Dinosauria</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">†</span><a href="/wiki/Ornithischia" title="Ornithischia">Ornithischia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">†</span><a href="/wiki/Thyreophora" title="Thyreophora">Thyreophora</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">†</span><a href="/wiki/Eurypoda" class="mw-redirect" title="Eurypoda">Eurypoda</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">†</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ankylosauria</a><br /><small><a href="/wiki/Henry_Fairfield_Osborn" title="Henry Fairfield Osborn">Osborn</a>, <a href="/wiki/1923_in_paleontology" title="1923 in paleontology">1923</a></small> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)">Subgroups </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parankylosauria" title="Parankylosauria">Parankylosauria</a></li> <li><b>Euankylosauria</b> <small>Soto-Acuña <i>et al.</i>, <a href="/wiki/2021_in_paleontology" title="2021 in paleontology">2021</a><sup id="cite_ref-sotoacuna2021_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sotoacuna2021-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></small> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ankylosauridae" title="Ankylosauridae">Ankylosauridae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nodosauridae" title="Nodosauridae">Nodosauridae</a></li></ul></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1256386598">.mw-parser-output .cot-header-mainspace{background:#F0F2F5;color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cot-header-other{background:#CCFFCC;color:inherit}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cot-header-mainspace{background:#14181F;color:inherit}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cot-header-other{background:#003500;color:inherit}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cot-header-mainspace{background:#14181F;color:inherit}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cot-header-other{background:#003500;color:inherit}}</style> <div style="margin-left:0"> <table class="mw-collapsible mw-archivedtalk mw-collapsed" style="color:inherit; background: transparent; text-align: left; border: 0 solid Silver; margin: 0.2em auto auto; width:100%; clear: both; padding: 1px;"> <tbody><tr> <th class="cot-header-mainspace" style="background:clear; font-size:87%; padding:0.2em 0.3em; text-align:left; color:#202122"><div style="font-size:115%;">Genera of uncertain affinity</div> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; border: solid 0; padding: 0; background: clear;"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Cryptosaurus" title="Cryptosaurus">Cryptosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dracopelta" title="Dracopelta">Dracopelta</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Minmi_paravertebra" title="Minmi paravertebra">Minmi</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mymoorapelta" title="Mymoorapelta">Mymoorapelta</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sarcolestes" title="Sarcolestes">Sarcolestes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Serendipaceratops" title="Serendipaceratops">Serendipaceratops</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sinankylosaurus" title="Sinankylosaurus">Sinankylosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Spicomellus" title="Spicomellus">Spicomellus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Stegosaurides" title="Stegosaurides">Stegosaurides</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tianchisaurus" title="Tianchisaurus">Tianchisaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vectipelta" title="Vectipelta">Vectipelta</a></i></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Synonym_(taxonomy)" title="Synonym (taxonomy)">Synonyms</a><sup id="cite_ref-madzia2021_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-madzia2021-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: left"> <ul><li><b>Ankylosauromorpha</b> <small>Carpenter, <a href="/wiki/2001_in_paleontology" title="2001 in paleontology">2001</a></small></li></ul> </td></tr> </tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238732961">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:transparent}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:white}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.biota .taxobox-edit-taxonomy img{background:transparent!important}body.skin-vector .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox{margin-top:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox tr.taxonrow td{padding:2px 10px}</style> <p><b>Ankylosauria</b> is a group of <a href="/wiki/Herbivorous" class="mw-redirect" title="Herbivorous">herbivorous</a> <a href="/wiki/Dinosaur" title="Dinosaur">dinosaurs</a> of the clade <a href="/wiki/Ornithischia" title="Ornithischia">Ornithischia</a>. It includes the great majority of dinosaurs with <a href="/wiki/Armour_(zoology)" title="Armour (zoology)">armor</a> in the form of bony osteoderms, similar to <a href="/wiki/Turtles" class="mw-redirect" title="Turtles">turtles</a>. Ankylosaurs were bulky <a href="/wiki/Quadruped" class="mw-redirect" title="Quadruped">quadrupeds</a>, with short, powerful limbs. They are known to have first appeared in <a href="/wiki/North_Africa" title="North Africa">North Africa</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Jurassic" title="Middle Jurassic">Middle Jurassic</a>, and persisted until the end of the <a href="/wiki/Late_Cretaceous" title="Late Cretaceous">Late Cretaceous</a>. The two main families of ankylosaurians, <a href="/wiki/Nodosauridae" title="Nodosauridae">Nodosauridae</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ankylosauridae" title="Ankylosauridae">Ankylosauridae</a> are primarily known from the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Hemisphere" title="Northern Hemisphere">Northern Hemisphere</a> (<a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a>, <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a> and <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a>), but the more basal <a href="/wiki/Parankylosauria" title="Parankylosauria">Parankylosauria</a> are known from southern <a href="/wiki/Gondwana" title="Gondwana">Gondwana</a> (<a href="/wiki/South_America" title="South America">South America</a>, <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Antarctica" title="Antarctica">Antarctica</a>) during the Cretaceous. </p><p>Ankylosauria was first named by <a href="/wiki/Henry_Fairfield_Osborn" title="Henry Fairfield Osborn">Henry Fairfield Osborn</a> in 1923.<sup id="cite_ref-osborn1923_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-osborn1923-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <a href="/wiki/Linnaean_classification" class="mw-redirect" title="Linnaean classification">Linnaean classification</a> system, the group is usually considered either a suborder or an infraorder. It is contained within the group <a href="/wiki/Thyreophora" title="Thyreophora">Thyreophora</a>, which also includes the <a href="/wiki/Stegosaur" class="mw-redirect" title="Stegosaur">stegosaurs</a>, armored dinosaurs known for their combination of plates and spikes. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ankylosauria&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The name of this group of dinosaurs is associated with a number of anatomical features in which small and large bony shields fused together, completely covering their back and sides. On the skull these shields fused with the underlying bones, and the dorsal ribs fit snugly to the vertebrae. The Latin name Ankylosauria is derived from the Greek ἀγκύλος [ankylos] — "curved", "bent" with the anatomical meaning "hard" or "fused" and σαῦρος [sauros] — "lizard".<sup id="cite_ref-Creisler_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Creisler-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 1908 description of the genus <a href="/wiki/Ankylosaurus" title="Ankylosaurus">Ankylosaurus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barnum_Brown" title="Barnum Brown">Barnum Brown</a> described the family <a href="/wiki/Ankylosauridae" title="Ankylosauridae">Ankylosauridae</a> as a group of representatives with a "rigid spine", but noted the wide, curved shape of the ribs, suggesting a "strongly curved" back<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (an error based on the alleged similarity to <a href="/wiki/Stegosaurs" class="mw-redirect" title="Stegosaurs">stegosaurs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Glyptodonts" class="mw-redirect" title="Glyptodonts">glyptodonts</a>, as ankylosaurs have flat backs). Therefore, "rigid lizard" and "curved lizard" could be additional meanings applied to the name of ankylosaurs.<sup id="cite_ref-Creisler_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Creisler-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Classification">Classification</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ankylosauria&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Classification"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ankylosauria and <a href="/wiki/Stegosauria" title="Stegosauria">Stegosauria</a> together form the two major subgroups of <a href="/wiki/Thyreophora" title="Thyreophora">Thyreophora</a>, a group of armoured dinosaurs distinct from <a href="/wiki/Ornithopod" class="mw-redirect" title="Ornithopod">ornithopods</a> and <a href="/wiki/Marginocephalia" title="Marginocephalia">marginocephalians</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-madzia2021_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-madzia2021-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Historically used for forms lacking large vertical plates, <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Carpenter" title="Kenneth Carpenter">Kenneth Carpenter</a> proposed in <a href="/wiki/1997_in_paleontology" title="1997 in paleontology">1997</a> the first informal definition of the group, as all ornithischians closer to <i><a href="/wiki/Ankylosaurus" title="Ankylosaurus">Ankylosaurus</a></i> than <i><a href="/wiki/Stegosaurus" title="Stegosaurus">Stegosaurus</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-carpenter1997_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-carpenter1997-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This definition was further refined by <a href="/wiki/Paul_Sereno" title="Paul Sereno">Paul Sereno</a> in <a href="/wiki/2005_in_paleontology" title="2005 in paleontology">2005</a> to specify <i><a href="/wiki/Ankylosaurus_magniventris" class="mw-redirect" title="Ankylosaurus magniventris">Ankylosaurus magniventris</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Stegosaurus_stenops" class="mw-redirect" title="Stegosaurus stenops">Stegosaurus stenops</a></i>, the type species of both genera, a definition that was followed by Madzia and colleagues in <a href="/wiki/2021_in_paleontology" title="2021 in paleontology">2021</a> when the group name and definition was formalized following the <a href="/wiki/PhyloCode" title="PhyloCode">PhyloCode</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-madzia2021_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-madzia2021-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Phylogenetic and morphological studies have differed on the inclusion of certain early taxa into Ankylosauria, especially the armoured <a href="/wiki/Early_Jurassic" title="Early Jurassic">Early Jurassic</a> form <i><a href="/wiki/Scelidosaurus" title="Scelidosaurus">Scelidosaurus</a></i>. As some analyses, like that of Carpenter from <a href="/wiki/2001_in_paleontology" title="2001 in paleontology">2001</a> or <a href="/wiki/David_B._Norman" title="David B. Norman">David B. Norman</a> in 2021 find <i>Scelidosaurus</i> and possibly other early forms like <i><a href="/wiki/Emausaurus" title="Emausaurus">Emausaurus</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Scutellosaurus" title="Scutellosaurus">Scutellosaurus</a></i> to fall closer to <i>Ankylosaurus</i> than <i>Stegosaurus</i>, Carpenter and later Norman suggested redefining Ankylosauria to limit it to the two subclades <a href="/wiki/Nodosauridae" title="Nodosauridae">Nodosauridae</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ankylosauridae" title="Ankylosauridae">Ankylosauridae</a>, creating the new clade Ankylosauromorpha for all taxa closer to <i>Ankylosaurus</i> than <i>Stegosaurus</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-madzia2021_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-madzia2021-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-carpenter2001_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-carpenter2001-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-norman2021_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-norman2021-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, as historically even these primitive forms were considered ankylosaurs if they were more derived than <i>Stegosaurus</i>, Madzia and colleagues considered a redefinition of Ankylosauria to be undesirable, instead preferring to abandon Ankylosauromorpha as a same-definition junior synonym of Ankylosauria. The clade <b>Euankylosauria</b> was named by Soto-Acuña and colleagues in 2021 in their description of a unique basal ankylosaur <i><a href="/wiki/Stegouros" title="Stegouros">Stegouros</a></i> to represent the grouping uniting ankylosaurids and nodosaurids, to the exclusion of their newly discovered clade <a href="/wiki/Parankylosauria" title="Parankylosauria">Parankylosauria</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-sotoacuna2021_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sotoacuna2021-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This clade is formally defined in the <i><a href="/wiki/PhyloCode" title="PhyloCode">PhyloCode</a></i> as "the largest clade containing <i><a href="/wiki/Ankylosaurus_magniventris" class="mw-redirect" title="Ankylosaurus magniventris">Ankylosaurus magniventris</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Nodosaurus_textilis" class="mw-redirect" title="Nodosaurus textilis">Nodosaurus textilis</a></i>, but not <i><a href="/wiki/Stegouros_elengassen" class="mw-redirect" title="Stegouros elengassen">Stegouros elengassen</a></i>".<sup id="cite_ref-fonseca2024_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fonseca2024-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><br /> </p> <div class="clade"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1258728058">body.skin-vector-2022 .mw-parser-output div.clade,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output div.clade{overflow-x:auto;overflow-y:hidden}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output div.clade p{font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output table.clade{border-spacing:0;margin:0;font-size:100%;line-height:100%;border-collapse:separate;width:auto}.mw-parser-output table.clade table.clade{width:100%;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label{min-width:0.2em;width:0.2em;padding:0.1em 0.25em;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;border-left:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label::before,.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel::before{content:"\2060 "}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-fixed-width{overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-fixed-width:hover{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label.first{border-left:none;border-right:none}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label.reverse{border-left:none;border-right:1px solid}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel{padding:0.1em 0.25em;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;border-left:1px solid;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel:hover{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel.last{border-left:none;border-right:none}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel.reverse{border-left:none;border-right:1px solid}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-bar{vertical-align:middle;text-align:left;padding:0 0.5em;position:relative}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-bar.reverse{text-align:right;position:relative}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf{border:0;padding:0;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leafR{border:0;padding:0;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf.reverse{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output table.clade:hover span.linkA{background-color:yellow}.mw-parser-output table.clade:hover span.linkB{background-color:green}</style> <table class="clade" style="font-size:85%; line-height:85%;"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><a href="/wiki/Thyreophora" title="Thyreophora">Thyreophora</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Scelidosaurus" title="Scelidosaurus">Scelidosaurus</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Stegosauria" title="Stegosauria">Stegosauria</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"><b>Ankylosauria</b> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><a href="/wiki/Parankylosauria" title="Parankylosauria">Parankylosauria</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Kunbarrasaurus" title="Kunbarrasaurus">Kunbarrasaurus</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Antarctopelta" title="Antarctopelta">Antarctopelta</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Stegouros" title="Stegouros">Stegouros</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"><b>Euankylosauria</b> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><a href="/wiki/Nodosauridae" title="Nodosauridae">Nodosauridae</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Cedarpelta" title="Cedarpelta">Cedarpelta</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Dongyangopelta" title="Dongyangopelta">Dongyangopelta</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Gargoyleosaurus" title="Gargoyleosaurus">Gargoyleosaurus</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Gastonia_burgei" class="mw-redirect" title="Gastonia burgei">Gastonia</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Hylaeosaurus" title="Hylaeosaurus">Hylaeosaurus</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Mymoorapelta" title="Mymoorapelta">Mymoorapelta</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Panoplosaurus" title="Panoplosaurus">Panoplosaurus</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Peloroplites" title="Peloroplites">Peloroplites</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Polacanthus" title="Polacanthus">Polacanthus</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Hoplitosaurus" title="Hoplitosaurus">Hoplitosaurus</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Sauroplites" title="Sauroplites">Sauroplites</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Taohelong" title="Taohelong">Taohelong</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Nodosaurinae" class="mw-redirect" title="Nodosaurinae">Nodosaurinae</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"><a href="/wiki/Ankylosauridae" title="Ankylosauridae">Ankylosauridae</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Aletopelta" title="Aletopelta">Aletopelta</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Chuanqilong" title="Chuanqilong">Chuanqilong</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Liaoningosaurus" title="Liaoningosaurus">Liaoningosaurus</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Gobisaurus" title="Gobisaurus">Gobisaurus</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Shamosaurus" title="Shamosaurus">Shamosaurus</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Ankylosaurinae" title="Ankylosaurinae">Ankylosaurinae</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p>A 2023 review of Thyreophora rejects the traditional Ankylosauridae-Nodosauridae split, instead finding "nodosaurids" to be referrable to three separate families: <a href="/wiki/Panoplosauridae" class="mw-redirect" title="Panoplosauridae">Panoplosauridae</a>, <a href="/wiki/Polacanthidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Polacanthidae">Polacanthidae</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Struthiosauridae" class="mw-redirect" title="Struthiosauridae">Struthiosauridae</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="clade"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade" style="font-size:85%; line-height:85%;"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">Ankylosauria </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Sarcolestes" title="Sarcolestes">Sarcolestes</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Paw_Paw_Formation" title="Paw Paw Formation">Paw Paw</a> juvenile </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Animantarx" title="Animantarx">Animantarx</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Cedarpelta" title="Cedarpelta">Cedarpelta</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Gargoyleosaurus" title="Gargoyleosaurus">Gargoyleosaurus</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><a href="/wiki/Polacanthidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Polacanthidae">Polacanthidae</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Hoplitosaurus" title="Hoplitosaurus">Hoplitosaurus</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Niobrarasaurus" title="Niobrarasaurus">Niobrarasaurus</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Polacanthus" title="Polacanthus">Polacanthus</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Texasetes" title="Texasetes">Texasetes</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Patagopelta" title="Patagopelta">Patagopelta</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Hylaeosaurus" title="Hylaeosaurus">Hylaeosaurus</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Gastonia_burgei" class="mw-redirect" title="Gastonia burgei">Gastonia burgei</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Gastonia_lorriemcwhinneyae" class="mw-redirect" title="Gastonia lorriemcwhinneyae">Gastonia lorriemcwhinneyae</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Peloroplites" title="Peloroplites">Peloroplites</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Sauropelta" title="Sauropelta">Sauropelta</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Tatankacephalus" title="Tatankacephalus">Tatankacephalus</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Invictarx" title="Invictarx">Invictarx</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><a href="/wiki/Struthiosauridae" class="mw-redirect" title="Struthiosauridae">Struthiosauridae</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Silvisaurus" title="Silvisaurus">Silvisaurus</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Taohelong" title="Taohelong">Taohelong</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Europelta" title="Europelta">Europelta</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Struthiosaurus_transylvanicus" class="mw-redirect" title="Struthiosaurus transylvanicus">Struthiosaurus transylvanicus</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Struthiosaurus_languedocensis" class="mw-redirect" title="Struthiosaurus languedocensis">Struthiosaurus languedocensis</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Struthiosaurus_austriacus" class="mw-redirect" title="Struthiosaurus austriacus">Struthiosaurus austriacus</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Hungarosaurus" title="Hungarosaurus">Hungarosaurus</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Pawpawsaurus" title="Pawpawsaurus">Pawpawsaurus</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"><a href="/wiki/Panoplosauridae" class="mw-redirect" title="Panoplosauridae">Panoplosauridae</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Tianchisaurus" title="Tianchisaurus">Tianchisaurus</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Panoplosaurus" title="Panoplosaurus">Panoplosaurus</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Denversaurus" title="Denversaurus">Denversaurus</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Edmontonia_longiceps" class="mw-redirect" title="Edmontonia longiceps">Edmontonia longiceps</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Nodosaurus" title="Nodosaurus">Nodosaurus</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Edmontonia_rugosidens" class="mw-redirect" title="Edmontonia rugosidens">Edmontonia rugosidens</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Anoplosaurus" title="Anoplosaurus">Anoplosaurus</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Dracopelta" title="Dracopelta">Dracopelta</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"><a href="/wiki/Ankylosauridae" title="Ankylosauridae">Ankylosauridae</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Borealopelta" title="Borealopelta">Borealopelta</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Mymoorapelta" title="Mymoorapelta">Mymoorapelta</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Stegopelta" title="Stegopelta">Stegopelta</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Vectipelta" title="Vectipelta">Vectipelta</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Dongyangopelta" title="Dongyangopelta">Dongyangopelta</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Zhejiangosaurus" title="Zhejiangosaurus">Zhejiangosaurus</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Ahshislepelta" title="Ahshislepelta">Ahshislepelta</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Aletopelta" title="Aletopelta">Aletopelta</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Talarurus" title="Talarurus">Talarurus</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><a href="/wiki/Shamosaurinae" class="mw-redirect" title="Shamosaurinae">Shamosaurinae</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Gobisaurus" title="Gobisaurus">Gobisaurus</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Kunbarrasaurus" title="Kunbarrasaurus">Kunbarrasaurus</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Liaoningosaurus" title="Liaoningosaurus">Liaoningosaurus</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Chuanqilong" title="Chuanqilong">Chuanqilong</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Shamosaurus" title="Shamosaurus">Shamosaurus</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"><a href="/wiki/Ankylosaurinae" title="Ankylosaurinae">Ankylosaurinae</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Jinyunpelta" title="Jinyunpelta">Jinyunpelta</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Tsagantegia" title="Tsagantegia">Tsagantegia</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Nodocephalosaurus" title="Nodocephalosaurus">Nodocephalosaurus</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Zaraapelta" title="Zaraapelta">Zaraapelta</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Akainacephalus" title="Akainacephalus">Akainacephalus</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Pinacosaurus_mephistocephalus" class="mw-redirect" title="Pinacosaurus mephistocephalus">Pinacosaurus mephistocephalus</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Pinacosaurus_grangeri" class="mw-redirect" title="Pinacosaurus grangeri">Pinacosaurus grangeri</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Crichtonpelta" title="Crichtonpelta">Crichtonpelta</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Ziapelta" title="Ziapelta">Ziapelta</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Ankylosaurus" title="Ankylosaurus">Ankylosaurus</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Anodontosaurus" title="Anodontosaurus">Anodontosaurus</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Tarchia_kielanae" class="mw-redirect" title="Tarchia kielanae">Tarchia kielanae</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Saichania" title="Saichania">Saichania</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Minotaurasaurus" title="Minotaurasaurus">Minotaurasaurus</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Tarchia_teresae" class="mw-redirect" title="Tarchia teresae">Tarchia teresae</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Antarctopelta" title="Antarctopelta">Antarctopelta</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Zuul" title="Zuul">Zuul</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Euoplocephalus" title="Euoplocephalus">Euoplocephalus</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Dyoplosaurus" title="Dyoplosaurus">Dyoplosaurus</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Scolosaurus" title="Scolosaurus">Scolosaurus</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Evolution">Evolution</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ankylosauria&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Evolution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The origin of ankylosaurs is poorly understood, and only a few specimens from the Middle Jurassic are known.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ancestry of ankylosaurs has long been sought among stegosaurs, the closest group to ankylosaurs compared to other dinosaurs. Currently, ankylosaurs are a close group of stegosaurs within the Eurypoda clade.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They are united by the presence of osteoderms in the skin, the narrow triangular skull of stegosaurs is similar to that of nodosaurids, and some similarity is found in the structure of the palate.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since stegosaurs are known from the Middle Jurassic,<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ankylosaurs are probably of the same age. They may have split up during the Aalenian period, more than 170 million years ago, but they were definitely in <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Bathonian" title="Bathonian">Bathonian</a> due to the presence of <i><a href="/wiki/Spicomellus" title="Spicomellus">Spicomellus</a></i> in <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are no well-preserved remains of ankylosaurs of that age. An incomplete radius and ulna from the Isle of Skye in Scotland are known, the exact affiliation of which to ankylosaurs or stegosaurs is not established.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most likely, ankylosaurs followed a different evolutionary path than stegosaurs, although it is unknown when and how they split off. In the latter, the osteoderms become raised, and the lateral protection disappears.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ankylosaurs evolved towards the development of osteoderms on the surface of the skull, increased armor and further consolidation of the carapace,<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which suggests that the ancestor of the carapace consisted of separate non-fused osteoderms.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Paleobiology">Paleobiology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ankylosauria&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Paleobiology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Edmontonia_rugosidens_armour_AMNH_5381.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Edmontonia_rugosidens_armour_AMNH_5381.jpg/220px-Edmontonia_rugosidens_armour_AMNH_5381.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Edmontonia_rugosidens_armour_AMNH_5381.jpg/330px-Edmontonia_rugosidens_armour_AMNH_5381.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Edmontonia_rugosidens_armour_AMNH_5381.jpg/440px-Edmontonia_rugosidens_armour_AMNH_5381.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1780" data-file-height="1459" /></a><figcaption>Armour of the nodosaurid <i>Edmontonia</i></figcaption></figure> <p>Possible <a href="/wiki/Neonate" class="mw-redirect" title="Neonate">neonate</a>-sized ankylosaur fossils have been documented in the <a href="/wiki/Scientific_literature" title="Scientific literature">scientific literature</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-hadro-egg-intro-207_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hadro-egg-intro-207-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Armor">Armor</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ankylosauria&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Armor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>All ankylosaurians had armor over much of their bodies, mostly scutes and nodules, with large spines in some cases. The scutes, or plates, are rectangular to oval objects organized in transverse (side to side) rows, often with keels on the upper surface. Smaller nodules and plates filled in the open spaces between large plates. In all three groups, the first two rows of plates tend to form a sort of half-ring around the neck; in nodosaurids, this comes from adjacent plates fusing with each other (and there is a third row as well), while ankylosaurids usually have the plates fused to the top of another band of bone. The skull has armor plastered on to it, including a distinctive piece on the outside-rear of the lower jaw. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Diet_and_feeding">Diet and feeding</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ankylosauria&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Diet and feeding"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ankylosaurs were built low to the ground, typically one foot off the ground surface. They had small, triangular teeth that were loosely packed, similar to <a href="/wiki/Stegosaurs" class="mw-redirect" title="Stegosaurs">stegosaurs</a>. The large hyoid bones left in skeletons indicates that they had long, flexible tongues. They also had a large, side secondary palate. This means that they could breathe while chewing, unlike crocodiles. Their expanded gut region suggests the use of fermentation to digest their food, using symbiotic bacteria and gut flora. Their diet likely consisted of <a href="/wiki/Fern" title="Fern">ferns</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cycads" class="mw-redirect" title="Cycads">cycads</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Angiosperms" class="mw-redirect" title="Angiosperms">angiosperms</a>. Mallon et al. (2013) examined herbivore coexistence on the island continent of <a href="/wiki/Laramidia" title="Laramidia">Laramidia</a> during the Late Cretaceous. It was concluded that ankylosaurs were generally restricted to feeding on vegetation at, or below, the height of 1 meter.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vocalization">Vocalization</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ankylosauria&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Vocalization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In February 2023, scientists reported that the possible sounds ankylosaurs may have made were <a href="/wiki/Bird_vocalization" title="Bird vocalization">bird-like vocalizations</a> based on a finding of a fossilized <a href="/wiki/Larynx" title="Larynx">larynx</a> from the ankylosaur <i><a href="/wiki/Pinacosaurus_grangeri" class="mw-redirect" title="Pinacosaurus grangeri">Pinacosaurus grangeri</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT-20230224_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-20230224-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NC-20230215_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NC-20230215-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ankylosauria&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_ankylosaur_research" title="Timeline of ankylosaur research">Timeline of ankylosaur research</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ankylosauria&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFGalton2019" class="citation journal cs1">Galton, Peter M. 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Indiana University Press: Bloomington. xviii + 577 pp.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMallonDavid_C_EvansMichael_J_RyanJason_S_Anderson2013" class="citation journal cs1">Mallon, Jordan C; David C Evans; Michael J Ryan; Jason S Anderson (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3637170">"Feeding height stratification among the herbivorous dinosaurs from the Dinosaur Park Formation (upper Campanian) of Alberta, Canada"</a>. <i>BMC Ecology</i>. <b>13</b> (1): 14. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013BMCE...13...14M">2013BMCE...13...14M</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1186%2F1472-6785-13-14">10.1186/1472-6785-13-14</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3637170">3637170</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23557203">23557203</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BMC+Ecology&rft.atitle=Feeding+height+stratification+among+the+herbivorous+dinosaurs+from+the+Dinosaur+Park+Formation+%28upper+Campanian%29+of+Alberta%2C+Canada&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=14&rft.date=2013&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3637170%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F23557203&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1186%2F1472-6785-13-14&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2013BMCE...13...14M&rft.aulast=Mallon&rft.aufirst=Jordan+C&rft.au=David+C+Evans&rft.au=Michael+J+Ryan&rft.au=Jason+S+Anderson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3637170&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnkylosauria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYT-20230224-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NYT-20230224_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilke2023" class="citation news cs1">Wilke, Carolyn (24 February 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2023/02/24/science/dinosaur-sounds-fossils.html">"What Sounds Did Dinosaurs Make? - A new study of a fossilized ankylosaur suggests it could have uttered birdlike calls"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=What+Sounds+Did+Dinosaurs+Make%3F+-+A+new+study+of+a+fossilized+ankylosaur+suggests+it+could+have+uttered+birdlike+calls.&rft.date=2023-02-24&rft.aulast=Wilke&rft.aufirst=Carolyn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2023%2F02%2F24%2Fscience%2Fdinosaur-sounds-fossils.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnkylosauria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NC-20230215-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NC-20230215_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYoshidaKobayashiNorell2023" class="citation journal cs1">Yoshida, Junki; Kobayashi, Yoshitsugu; Norell, Mark a. (15 February 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9932143">"An ankylosaur larynx provides insights for bird-like vocalization in non-avian dinosaurs"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Communications_Biology" title="Communications Biology">Communications Biology</a></i>. <b>152</b> (1): 152. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fs42003-023-04513-x">10.1038/s42003-023-04513-x</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9932143">9932143</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36792659">36792659</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Communications+Biology&rft.atitle=An+ankylosaur+larynx+provides+insights+for+bird-like+vocalization+in+non-avian+dinosaurs&rft.volume=152&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=152&rft.date=2023-02-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC9932143%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F36792659&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fs42003-023-04513-x&rft.aulast=Yoshida&rft.aufirst=Junki&rft.au=Kobayashi%2C+Yoshitsugu&rft.au=Norell%2C+Mark+a.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC9932143&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnkylosauria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ornithischia" title="Template:Ornithischia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ornithischia" title="Template talk:Ornithischia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ornithischia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ornithischia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ornithischia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ornithischia" title="Ornithischia">Ornithischia</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="*_Kingdom:_Animalia_*_Phylum:_Chordata_*_Class:_Sauropsida_*_Clade:_Avemetatarsalia_*_Clade:_Dinosauria" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal"><span style="font-size:85%;"> <ul><li>Kingdom: <a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animalia</a></li> <li>Phylum: <a href="/wiki/Chordate" title="Chordate">Chordata</a></li> <li>Class: <a href="/wiki/Reptile" title="Reptile">Sauropsida</a></li> <li><i>Clade</i>: <a href="/wiki/Avemetatarsalia" title="Avemetatarsalia">Avemetatarsalia</a></li> <li><i>Clade</i>: <a href="/wiki/Dinosaur" title="Dinosaur">Dinosauria</a></li></ul> </span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Avemetatarsalia" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Avemetatarsalia" title="Avemetatarsalia">Avemetatarsalia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><ul><li>see <a href="/wiki/Template:Avemetatarsalia" title="Template:Avemetatarsalia">Avemetatarsalia</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ornithischia" title="Ornithischia">Ornithischia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><ul><li>see below↓</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div id="Ornithischia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ornithischia" title="Ornithischia">Ornithischia</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Ornithischia" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position: absolute; transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);"><a href="/wiki/Ornithischia" title="Ornithischia">Ornithischia</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Amanasaurus" title="Amanasaurus">Amanasaurus</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Asilisaurus" title="Asilisaurus">Asilisaurus</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Diodorus_scytobrachion" title="Diodorus scytobrachion">Diodorus</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eocursor" title="Eocursor">Eocursor</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eucoelophysis" title="Eucoelophysis">Eucoelophysis</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gamatavus" title="Gamatavus">Gamatavus</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ignotosaurus" title="Ignotosaurus">Ignotosaurus</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kwanasaurus" title="Kwanasaurus">Kwanasaurus</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Laquintasaura" title="Laquintasaura">Laquintasaura</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lesothosaurus" title="Lesothosaurus">Lesothosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lewisuchus" title="Lewisuchus">Lewisuchus</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lutungutali" title="Lutungutali">Lutungutali</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pisanosaurus" title="Pisanosaurus">Pisanosaurus</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sacisaurus" title="Sacisaurus">Sacisaurus</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Silesaurus" title="Silesaurus">Silesaurus</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Soumyasaurus" title="Soumyasaurus">Soumyasaurus</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Technosaurus" title="Technosaurus">Technosaurus</a></i>?</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Heterodontosauridae" title="Heterodontosauridae">Heterodontosauridae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Abrictosaurus" title="Abrictosaurus">Abrictosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Echinodon" title="Echinodon">Echinodon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fruitadens" title="Fruitadens">Fruitadens</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Heterodontosaurus" title="Heterodontosaurus">Heterodontosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lycorhinus" title="Lycorhinus">Lycorhinus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Manidens" title="Manidens">Manidens</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pegomastax" title="Pegomastax">Pegomastax</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tianyulong" title="Tianyulong">Tianyulong</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Thyreophora" title="Thyreophora">Thyreophora</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Emausaurus" title="Emausaurus">Emausaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Scelidosaurus" title="Scelidosaurus">Scelidosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Scutellosaurus" title="Scutellosaurus">Scutellosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yuxisaurus" title="Yuxisaurus">Yuxisaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jakapil" title="Jakapil">Jakapil</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ankylosauria</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><ul><li>see <a href="/wiki/Template:Ankylosauria" title="Template:Ankylosauria">Ankylosauria</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Stegosauria" title="Stegosauria">Stegosauria</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><ul><li>see <a href="/wiki/Template:Stegosauria" title="Template:Stegosauria">Stegosauria</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position: absolute; transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);"><a href="/wiki/Neornithischia" title="Neornithischia">Neornithischia</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Agilisaurus" title="Agilisaurus">Agilisaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hexinlusaurus" title="Hexinlusaurus">Hexinlusaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hypsilophodon" title="Hypsilophodon">Hypsilophodon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kulindadromeus" title="Kulindadromeus">Kulindadromeus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Minimocursor" title="Minimocursor">Minimocursor</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nanosaurus" title="Nanosaurus">Nanosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Phyllodon" title="Phyllodon">Phyllodon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sanxiasaurus" title="Sanxiasaurus">Sanxiasaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Xiaosaurus" title="Xiaosaurus">Xiaosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yandusaurus" title="Yandusaurus">Yandusaurus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Thescelosauridae" title="Thescelosauridae">Thescelosauridae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Albertadromeus" title="Albertadromeus">Albertadromeus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Changchunsaurus" title="Changchunsaurus">Changchunsaurus</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Changmiania" title="Changmiania">Changmiania</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fona" title="Fona">Fona</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Haya_griva" title="Haya griva">Haya</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jeholosaurus" title="Jeholosaurus">Jeholosaurus</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Koreanosaurus" title="Koreanosaurus">Koreanosaurus</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nanosaurus" title="Nanosaurus">Nanosaurus</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nevadadromeus" title="Nevadadromeus">Nevadadromeus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Orodromeus" title="Orodromeus">Orodromeus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Oryctodromeus" title="Oryctodromeus">Oryctodromeus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Parksosaurus" title="Parksosaurus">Parksosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thescelosaurus" title="Thescelosaurus">Thescelosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yueosaurus" title="Yueosaurus">Yueosaurus</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zephyrosaurus" title="Zephyrosaurus">Zephyrosaurus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ornithopoda" title="Ornithopoda">Ornithopoda</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><ul><li>see <a href="/wiki/Template:Ornithopoda" title="Template:Ornithopoda">Ornithopoda</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Marginocephalia" title="Marginocephalia">Marginocephalia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ceratopsia" title="Ceratopsia">Ceratopsia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><ul><li>see <a href="/wiki/Template:Ceratopsia" title="Template:Ceratopsia">Ceratopsia</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pachycephalosauria" title="Pachycephalosauria">Pachycephalosauria</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><ul><li>see <a href="/wiki/Template:Pachycephalosauria" title="Template:Pachycephalosauria">Pachycephalosauria</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span style="display: inline-block; transform: scaleX(-1);"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Laquintasaura_fixed_by_Tom_Parker.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Laquintasaura venezuelae"><img alt="Laquintasaura venezuelae" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Laquintasaura_fixed_by_Tom_Parker.png/100px-Laquintasaura_fixed_by_Tom_Parker.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="37" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Laquintasaura_fixed_by_Tom_Parker.png/150px-Laquintasaura_fixed_by_Tom_Parker.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Laquintasaura_fixed_by_Tom_Parker.png/200px-Laquintasaura_fixed_by_Tom_Parker.png 2x" data-file-width="1694" data-file-height="622" /></a></span></span> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Heterodontosaurus_restoration.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Heterodontosaurus tucki"><img alt="Heterodontosaurus tucki" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Heterodontosaurus_restoration.jpg/100px-Heterodontosaurus_restoration.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="46" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Heterodontosaurus_restoration.jpg/150px-Heterodontosaurus_restoration.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Heterodontosaurus_restoration.jpg/200px-Heterodontosaurus_restoration.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1812" data-file-height="825" /></a></span> <span style="display: inline-block; transform: scaleX(-1);"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Scelidosaurus_harrisonii.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Scutellosaurus lawleri"><img alt="Scutellosaurus lawleri" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Scelidosaurus_harrisonii.png/100px-Scelidosaurus_harrisonii.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="37" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Scelidosaurus_harrisonii.png/150px-Scelidosaurus_harrisonii.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Scelidosaurus_harrisonii.png/200px-Scelidosaurus_harrisonii.png 2x" data-file-width="3497" data-file-height="1291" /></a></span></span> <span style="display: inline-block; transform: scaleX(-1);"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kulindadromeus_by_Tom_Parker.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Kulindadromeus zabaikalicus"><img alt="Kulindadromeus zabaikalicus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Kulindadromeus_by_Tom_Parker.png/100px-Kulindadromeus_by_Tom_Parker.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="42" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Kulindadromeus_by_Tom_Parker.png/150px-Kulindadromeus_by_Tom_Parker.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Kulindadromeus_by_Tom_Parker.png/200px-Kulindadromeus_by_Tom_Parker.png 2x" data-file-width="2125" data-file-height="885" /></a></span></span> </p> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Thescelosaurus_filamented.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Thescelosaurus neglectus"><img alt="Thescelosaurus neglectus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Thescelosaurus_filamented.jpg/100px-Thescelosaurus_filamented.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Thescelosaurus_filamented.jpg/150px-Thescelosaurus_filamented.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Thescelosaurus_filamented.jpg/200px-Thescelosaurus_filamented.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1140" data-file-height="379" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="See_also" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">See also</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Nomen_dubium" title="Nomen dubium">Nomina dubia</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Alocodon" title="Alocodon">Alocodon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bienosaurus" title="Bienosaurus">Bienosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Craspedodon" title="Craspedodon">Craspedodon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fabrosaurus" title="Fabrosaurus">Fabrosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ferganocephale" title="Ferganocephale">Ferganocephale</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Geranosaurus" title="Geranosaurus">Geranosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gongbusaurus" title="Gongbusaurus">Gongbusaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Laosaurus" title="Laosaurus">Laosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Notoceratops" title="Notoceratops">Notoceratops</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Siluosaurus" title="Siluosaurus">Siluosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Syngonosaurus" title="Syngonosaurus">Syngonosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tatisaurus" title="Tatisaurus">Tatisaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tichosteus" title="Tichosteus">Tichosteus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Trimucrodon" title="Trimucrodon">Trimucrodon</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Incertae_sedis" title="Incertae sedis">Incertae sedis</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ajkaceratops" title="Ajkaceratops">Ajkaceratops</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dravidosaurus" title="Dravidosaurus">Dravidosaurus</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jakapil" title="Jakapil">Jakapil</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Serendipaceratops" title="Serendipaceratops">Serendipaceratops</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other taxa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ornithoscelida" title="Ornithoscelida">Ornithoscelida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phytodinosauria" title="Phytodinosauria">Phytodinosauria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silesauridae" title="Silesauridae">Silesauridae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypsilophodontidae" title="Hypsilophodontidae">Hypsilophodontidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeholosauridae" title="Jeholosauridae">Jeholosauridae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_stratigraphic_units_with_ornithischian_tracks" title="List of stratigraphic units with ornithischian tracks">List of stratigraphic units with ornithischian tracks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ankylosauria" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ankylosauria" title="Template:Ankylosauria"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ankylosauria" title="Template talk:Ankylosauria"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ankylosauria" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ankylosauria"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ankylosauria" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ankylosauria</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="*_Kingdom:_Animalia_*_Phylum:_Chordata_*_Clade:_Dinosauria_*_Clade:_Ornithischia_*_Clade:_Thyreophora" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal"><span style="font-size:85%;"> <ul><li>Kingdom: <a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animalia</a></li> <li>Phylum: <a href="/wiki/Chordate" title="Chordate">Chordata</a></li> <li><i>Clade</i>: <a href="/wiki/Dinosaur" title="Dinosaur">Dinosauria</a></li> <li><i>Clade</i>: <a href="/wiki/Ornithischia" title="Ornithischia">Ornithischia</a></li> <li><i>Clade</i>: <a href="/wiki/Thyreophora" title="Thyreophora">Thyreophora</a></li></ul> </span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Avemetatarsalia" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Avemetatarsalia" title="Avemetatarsalia">Avemetatarsalia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><ul><li>see <a href="/wiki/Template:Avemetatarsalia" title="Template:Avemetatarsalia">Avemetatarsalia</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ornithischia" title="Ornithischia">Ornithischia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><ul><li>see <a href="/wiki/Template:Ornithischia" title="Template:Ornithischia">Ornithischia</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ankylosauria</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><ul><li>see below↓</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#ddddff;font-size:115%"><div><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ankylosauria</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Ankylosauria" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position: absolute; transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ankylosauria</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Cryptosaurus" title="Cryptosaurus">Cryptosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dracopelta" title="Dracopelta">Dracopelta</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Minmi_paravertebra" title="Minmi paravertebra">Minmi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Priodontognathus" title="Priodontognathus">Priodontognathus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sarcolestes" title="Sarcolestes">Sarcolestes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Serendipaceratops" title="Serendipaceratops">Serendipaceratops</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sinankylosaurus" title="Sinankylosaurus">Sinankylosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Spicomellus" title="Spicomellus">Spicomellus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Stegosaurides" title="Stegosaurides">Stegosaurides</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tianchisaurus" title="Tianchisaurus">Tianchisaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vectipelta" title="Vectipelta">Vectipelta</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Parankylosauria" title="Parankylosauria">Parankylosauria</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Antarctopelta" title="Antarctopelta">Antarctopelta</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kunbarrasaurus" title="Kunbarrasaurus">Kunbarrasaurus</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Stegouros" title="Stegouros">Stegouros</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position: absolute; transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);"><a href="/wiki/Euankylosauria" class="mw-redirect" title="Euankylosauria">Euankylosauria</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nodosauridae" title="Nodosauridae">Nodosauridae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Acanthopholis" title="Acanthopholis">Acanthopholis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Anoplosaurus" title="Anoplosaurus">Anoplosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dongyangopelta" title="Dongyangopelta">Dongyangopelta</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gargoyleosaurus" title="Gargoyleosaurus">Gargoyleosaurus</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gastonia_(dinosaur)" title="Gastonia (dinosaur)">Gastonia</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Glyptodontopelta" title="Glyptodontopelta">Glyptodontopelta</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Horshamosaurus" title="Horshamosaurus">Horshamosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hylaeosaurus" title="Hylaeosaurus">Hylaeosaurus</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Invictarx" title="Invictarx">Invictarx</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mymoorapelta" title="Mymoorapelta">Mymoorapelta</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Polacanthoides" title="Polacanthoides">Polacanthoides</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Priconodon" title="Priconodon">Priconodon</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Propanoplosaurus" title="Propanoplosaurus">Propanoplosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rhadinosaurus" title="Rhadinosaurus">Rhadinosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sauroplites" title="Sauroplites">Sauroplites</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Polacanthinae" title="Polacanthinae">Polacanthinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Gargoyleosaurus" title="Gargoyleosaurus">Gargoyleosaurus</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gastonia_(dinosaur)" title="Gastonia (dinosaur)">Gastonia</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hoplitosaurus" title="Hoplitosaurus">Hoplitosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Peloroplites" title="Peloroplites">Peloroplites</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Polacanthus" title="Polacanthus">Polacanthus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Taohelong" title="Taohelong">Taohelong</a></i>?</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nodosaurinae" class="mw-redirect" title="Nodosaurinae">Nodosaurinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Acantholipan" title="Acantholipan">Acantholipan</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ahshislepelta" title="Ahshislepelta">Ahshislepelta</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Borealopelta" title="Borealopelta">Borealopelta</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Niobrarasaurus" title="Niobrarasaurus">Niobrarasaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nodosaurus" title="Nodosaurus">Nodosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Patagopelta" title="Patagopelta">Patagopelta</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Peloroplites" title="Peloroplites">Peloroplites</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sauropelta" title="Sauropelta">Sauropelta</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Silvisaurus" title="Silvisaurus">Silvisaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tatankacephalus" title="Tatankacephalus">Tatankacephalus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Panoplosaurini" class="mw-redirect" title="Panoplosaurini">Panoplosaurini</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Animantarx" title="Animantarx">Animantarx</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Denversaurus" title="Denversaurus">Denversaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Edmontonia" title="Edmontonia">Edmontonia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Panoplosaurus" title="Panoplosaurus">Panoplosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Texasetes" title="Texasetes">Texasetes</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Struthiosaurini" class="mw-redirect" title="Struthiosaurini">Struthiosaurini</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Europelta" title="Europelta">Europelta</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hungarosaurus" title="Hungarosaurus">Hungarosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pawpawsaurus" title="Pawpawsaurus">Pawpawsaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Stegopelta" title="Stegopelta">Stegopelta</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Struthiosaurus" title="Struthiosaurus">Struthiosaurus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ankylosauridae" title="Ankylosauridae">Ankylosauridae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ahshislepelta" title="Ahshislepelta">Ahshislepelta</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aletopelta" title="Aletopelta">Aletopelta</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cedarpelta" title="Cedarpelta">Cedarpelta</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chuanqilong" title="Chuanqilong">Chuanqilong</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Huaxiazhoulong" title="Huaxiazhoulong">Huaxiazhoulong</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hylaeosaurus" title="Hylaeosaurus">Hylaeosaurus</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Liaoningosaurus" title="Liaoningosaurus">Liaoningosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zhejiangosaurus" title="Zhejiangosaurus">Zhejiangosaurus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shamosaurinae" class="mw-redirect" title="Shamosaurinae">Shamosaurinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Gobisaurus" title="Gobisaurus">Gobisaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shamosaurus" title="Shamosaurus">Shamosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zhongyuansaurus" title="Zhongyuansaurus">Zhongyuansaurus</a></i>?</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ankylosaurinae" title="Ankylosaurinae">Ankylosaurinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Bissektipelta" title="Bissektipelta">Bissektipelta</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Crichtonpelta" title="Crichtonpelta">Crichtonpelta</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Crichtonsaurus" title="Crichtonsaurus">Crichtonsaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Datai" title="Datai">Datai</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jinyunpelta" title="Jinyunpelta">Jinyunpelta</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Minotaurasaurus" title="Minotaurasaurus">Minotaurasaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pinacosaurus" title="Pinacosaurus">Pinacosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Saichania" title="Saichania">Saichania</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shanxia" title="Shanxia">Shanxia</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tarchia" title="Tarchia">Tarchia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tianzhenosaurus" title="Tianzhenosaurus">Tianzhenosaurus</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tsagantegia" title="Tsagantegia">Tsagantegia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zaraapelta" title="Zaraapelta">Zaraapelta</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ankylosaurini" class="mw-redirect" title="Ankylosaurini">Ankylosaurini</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Akainacephalus" title="Akainacephalus">Akainacephalus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ankylosaurus" title="Ankylosaurus">Ankylosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Anodontosaurus" title="Anodontosaurus">Anodontosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dyoplosaurus" title="Dyoplosaurus">Dyoplosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Euoplocephalus" title="Euoplocephalus">Euoplocephalus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nodocephalosaurus" title="Nodocephalosaurus">Nodocephalosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Oohkotokia" title="Oohkotokia">Oohkotokia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Platypelta" title="Platypelta">Platypelta</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Scolosaurus" title="Scolosaurus">Scolosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Talarurus" title="Talarurus">Talarurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ziapelta" title="Ziapelta">Ziapelta</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zuul" title="Zuul">Zuul</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sauropelta_reconstruction.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Sauropelta edwardsorum"><img alt="Sauropelta edwardsorum" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Sauropelta_reconstruction.png/140px-Sauropelta_reconstruction.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="49" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Sauropelta_reconstruction.png/210px-Sauropelta_reconstruction.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Sauropelta_reconstruction.png/280px-Sauropelta_reconstruction.png 2x" data-file-width="1557" data-file-height="540" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ankylosaurus_magniventris_reconstruction.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Ankylosaurus magniventris"><img alt="Ankylosaurus magniventris" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Ankylosaurus_magniventris_reconstruction.png/140px-Ankylosaurus_magniventris_reconstruction.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="63" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Ankylosaurus_magniventris_reconstruction.png/210px-Ankylosaurus_magniventris_reconstruction.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Ankylosaurus_magniventris_reconstruction.png/280px-Ankylosaurus_magniventris_reconstruction.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="724" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>See also: <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_ankylosaur_research" title="Timeline of ankylosaur research">Timeline</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Ankylosaurs" title="Category:Ankylosaurs">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Taxon_identifiers" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Taxon_identifiers" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Taxon_identifiers" title="Help:Taxon identifiers">Taxon identifiers</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Ankylosauria</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q273617" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q273617">Q273617</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Ankylosauria" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Ankylosauria">Ankylosauria</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Life" title="Encyclopedia of Life">EoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eol.org/pages/3014674">3014674</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Paleobiology_Database" title="Paleobiology Database">Paleobiology Database</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=147920">147920</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ankylosauria&oldid=1258634890">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ankylosauria&oldid=1258634890</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ankylosaurs" title="Category:Ankylosaurs">Ankylosaurs</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Bathonian_first_appearances" title="Category:Bathonian first appearances">Bathonian first appearances</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Maastrichtian_extinctions" title="Category:Maastrichtian extinctions">Maastrichtian extinctions</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Taxa_named_by_Henry_Fairfield_Osborn" title="Category:Taxa named by Henry Fairfield Osborn">Taxa named by Henry Fairfield Osborn</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Fossil_taxa_described_in_1923" title="Category:Fossil taxa described in 1923">Fossil taxa described in 1923</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_%27species%27_microformats" title="Category:Articles with 'species' microformats">Articles with 'species' microformats</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 20 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