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/><div style="font-size: 85%;">Temporal range: <a href="/wiki/Late_Cretaceous" title="Late Cretaceous">Late Cretaceous</a>, <span class="noprint"><span style="display:inline-block;"></span><span style="display:inline-block;">78.5 <a href="/wiki/Megaannum" class="mw-redirect" title="Megaannum">Ma</a></span> <span style="display:inline-block;"></span><div id="Timeline-row" style="margin: 4px auto 0; clear:both; width:220px; padding:0px; height:18px; overflow:visible; white-space:nowrap; border:1px #666; border-style:solid none; position:relative; z-index:0; font-size:97%;"> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; left:0px; width:207.23076923077px; padding-left:5px; text-align:left; background-color:rgb(254,217,106); background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgba(255,255,255,1), rgba(254,217,106,1) 15%, rgba(254,217,106,1));"><a href="/wiki/Precambrian" title="Precambrian">PreꞒ</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(127,160,86); left:37.636923076923px; width:18.073846153846px;"><a href="/wiki/Cambrian" title="Cambrian">Ꞓ</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(0,146,112); left:55.710769230769px; width:14.08px;"><a href="/wiki/Ordovician" title="Ordovician">O</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(179,225,182); left:69.790769230769px; width:8.3261538461539px;"><a href="/wiki/Silurian" title="Silurian">S</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(203,140,55); left:78.116923076923px; width:20.409230769231px;"><a href="/wiki/Devonian" title="Devonian">D</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(103,165,153); left:98.526153846154px; width:20.307692307692px;"><a href="/wiki/Carboniferous" title="Carboniferous">C</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(240,64,40); left:118.83384615385px; width:15.907015384615px;"><a href="/wiki/Permian" title="Permian">P</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(129,43,146); left:134.74086153846px; width:17.092984615385px;"><a href="/wiki/Triassic" title="Triassic">T</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(52,178,201); left:151.83384615385px; width:19.089230769231px;"><a href="/wiki/Jurassic" title="Jurassic">J</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(127,198,78); left:170.92307692308px; width:26.738461538462px;"><a href="/wiki/Cretaceous" title="Cretaceous">K</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(253,154,82); left:197.66153846154px; width:14.543692307692px;"><a href="/wiki/Paleogene" title="Paleogene">Pg</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(255,230,25); left:212.20523076923px; width:6.9215384615385px;"><a href="/wiki/Neogene" title="Neogene">N</a></div> <div id="end-border" style="position:absolute; height:100%; background-color:#666; width:1px; left:219px"></div><div style="margin:0 auto; line-height:0; clear:both; width:220px; padding:0px; height:8px; overflow:visible; background-color:transparent; position:relative; top:-4px; z-index:100;"> <div style="position:absolute; left:193.43076923077px; font-size:50%"><div style="position:relative; left:-0.42em">↓</div></div> </div> </div></span></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Invictarx_zephyri_holotype_PeerJ_e5435_fig_4.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Invictarx_zephyri_holotype_PeerJ_e5435_fig_4.png/240px-Invictarx_zephyri_holotype_PeerJ_e5435_fig_4.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Invictarx_zephyri_holotype_PeerJ_e5435_fig_4.png/360px-Invictarx_zephyri_holotype_PeerJ_e5435_fig_4.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Invictarx_zephyri_holotype_PeerJ_e5435_fig_4.png/480px-Invictarx_zephyri_holotype_PeerJ_e5435_fig_4.png 2x" data-file-width="2428" data-file-height="1902" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%">Thoracic <a href="/wiki/Osteoderm" title="Osteoderm">osteoderms</a> of <i>Invitarx zephyri</i> (part of the <a href="/wiki/Holotype" title="Holotype">holotype</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Scientific classification</a> <span class="plainlinks taxobox-edit-taxonomy skin-invert" style="font-size:smaller; float:right; padding-right:0.4em; margin-left:-3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Invictarx" title="Edit this classification"><img alt="Edit this classification" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/23px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Domain: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eukaryote" title="Eukaryote">Eukaryota</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kingdom: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animalia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Phylum: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chordate" title="Chordate">Chordata</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dinosaur" title="Dinosaur">Dinosauria</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">†</span><a href="/wiki/Ornithischia" title="Ornithischia">Ornithischia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">†</span><a href="/wiki/Thyreophora" title="Thyreophora">Thyreophora</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">†</span><a href="/wiki/Ankylosauria" title="Ankylosauria">Ankylosauria</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Family: </td> <td><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">†</span><a href="/wiki/Nodosauridae" title="Nodosauridae">Nodosauridae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Genus: </td> <td><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">†</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><i>Invictarx</i></a><br /><small>McDonald and Wolfe, 2018</small> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Type_species" title="Type species">Type species</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center">†<i><b>Invictarx zephyri</b></i><br /><div style="font-size: 85%;">McDonald and Wolfe, 2018</div> </td></tr> </tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238732961">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:transparent}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:white}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.biota .taxobox-edit-taxonomy img{background:transparent!important}body.skin-vector .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox{margin-top:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox tr.taxonrow td{padding:2px 10px}</style> <p><i><b>Invictarx</b></i> (meaning "unconquerable fortress") is a <a href="/wiki/Monotypic_taxon" title="Monotypic taxon">monospecific</a> <a href="/wiki/Genus" title="Genus">genus</a> of <a href="/wiki/Nodosauridae" title="Nodosauridae">nodosaurid</a> <a href="/wiki/Dinosaur" title="Dinosaur">dinosaur</a> from <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico">New Mexico</a> that lived during the <a href="/wiki/Late_Cretaceous" title="Late Cretaceous">Late Cretaceous</a> (lower <a href="/wiki/Campanian" title="Campanian">Campanian</a>, 78.5 Ma) in what is now the upper Allison Member of the <a href="/wiki/Menefee_Formation" title="Menefee Formation">Menefee Formation</a>. The type and only species, <i><b>Invictarx zephyri</b></i>, is known from three isolated, incomplete <a href="/wiki/Postcrania" class="mw-redirect" title="Postcrania">postcranial skeletons</a>. It was named in <a href="/wiki/2018_in_archosaur_paleontology" title="2018 in archosaur paleontology">2018</a> by Andrew T. McDonald and Douglas G. Wolfe. <i>Invictarx</i> shares similarities with <i><a href="/wiki/Glyptodontopelta" title="Glyptodontopelta">Glyptodontopelta</a></i> from the Naashoibito member of the <a href="/wiki/Ojo_Alamo_Formation" title="Ojo Alamo Formation">Ojo Alamo Formation</a>, New Mexico.<sup id="cite_ref-McDonald2018a_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McDonald2018a-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Discovery_and_naming">Discovery and naming</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Invictarx&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Discovery and naming"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:San_Juan_Basin_Upper_Cretaceous_stratigraphy_PeerJ_e5435_fig_1.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/San_Juan_Basin_Upper_Cretaceous_stratigraphy_PeerJ_e5435_fig_1.png/220px-San_Juan_Basin_Upper_Cretaceous_stratigraphy_PeerJ_e5435_fig_1.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="241" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/San_Juan_Basin_Upper_Cretaceous_stratigraphy_PeerJ_e5435_fig_1.png/330px-San_Juan_Basin_Upper_Cretaceous_stratigraphy_PeerJ_e5435_fig_1.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/San_Juan_Basin_Upper_Cretaceous_stratigraphy_PeerJ_e5435_fig_1.png/440px-San_Juan_Basin_Upper_Cretaceous_stratigraphy_PeerJ_e5435_fig_1.png 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="2633" /></a><figcaption>Stratigraphic occurrences of Invictarx and other ankylosaurs from New Mexico.</figcaption></figure> <p>In May 2011, an incomplete <a href="/wiki/Postcrania" class="mw-redirect" title="Postcrania">postcranial skeleton</a> of an <a href="/wiki/Ankylosauria" title="Ankylosauria">ankylosaur</a> was discovered from the upper Allison Member of the <a href="/wiki/Menefee_Formation" title="Menefee Formation">Menefee Formation</a>, <a href="/wiki/San_Juan_Basin" title="San Juan Basin">San Juan Basin</a> by Daniel Williamson. A second incomplete postcranial skeleton was discovered in October 2011 by Andrew T. McDonald while a third specimen was discovered in October 2015 by Keith Brockmann. The specimens were subsequently named and described in 2018 by Andrew T. McDonald and Douglas G. Wolfe.<sup id="cite_ref-McDonald2018a_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McDonald2018a-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Holotype" title="Holotype">holotype</a> specimen, <b>WSC 16505</b>, consists of fragments of a <a href="/wiki/Rib" title="Rib">dorsal rib</a>, complete or partial identifiable <a href="/wiki/Osteoderm" title="Osteoderm">osteoderms</a>, and fragments of additional osteoderms. Two other specimens were referred to Invictarx: UMNH VP 28350, <a href="/wiki/Vertebral_column" title="Vertebral column">dorsal vertebrae</a>, fragments of dorsal ribs, distal end of <a href="/wiki/Humerus" title="Humerus">humerus</a>, distal end of <a href="/wiki/Ulna" title="Ulna">ulna</a>, proximal ends of <a href="/wiki/Radius_(bone)" title="Radius (bone)">radii</a>, incomplete <a href="/wiki/Metacarpal_bones" title="Metacarpal bones">metacarpal</a>, numerous incomplete osteoderms, and fragments of additional osteoderms; and UMNH VP 28351, dorsal centra, fragments of dorsal ribs, numerous incomplete osteoderms, and fragments of additional osteoderms. The three specimens are housed at the <a href="/wiki/Western_Science_Center" title="Western Science Center">Western Science Center</a>, <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a> and <a href="/wiki/Natural_History_Museum_of_Utah" title="Natural History Museum of Utah">Natural History Museum of Utah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Salt_Lake_City" title="Salt Lake City">Salt Lake City</a>, <a href="/wiki/Utah" title="Utah">Utah</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-McDonald2018a_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McDonald2018a-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The generic name, <i>Invictarx</i>, is derived from the <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> words "<i>invictus</i>" (invincible or unconquerable) and "<i>arx</i>" (fortress), in reference to the fact that <i>Invictarx</i>, like all other ankylosaurs, were well-armoured. The specific name, <i>zephyri</i>, is derived from is the genitive form of the Greek noun <a href="/wiki/Zephyrus" title="Zephyrus">Zephyrus</a>, meaning (of the) western wind, referring to the "blustery conditions that prevail among the outcrops where the specimens were discovered".<sup id="cite_ref-McDonald2018a_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McDonald2018a-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Invictarx&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Distinguishing_traits">Distinguishing traits</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Invictarx&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Distinguishing traits"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>McDonald & Wolfe (2018) diagnosed <i>Invictarx</i> based on the <a href="/wiki/Neck" title="Neck">cervical</a> or pectoral, <a href="/wiki/Thorax" title="Thorax">thoracic</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pelvis" title="Pelvis">pelvic</a> osteoderms exhibiting an overall smooth <a href="/wiki/Surface_finish" title="Surface finish">surface texture</a>, with little to no projecting <a href="/wiki/Rugosity" title="Rugosity">rugosity</a>, with abundant pits distributed randomly over the entire external surface, and with no neurovascular grooves or a small number of bifurcating and non-bifurcating neurovascular grooves distributed randomly, a feature similar to <i><a href="/wiki/Glyptodontopelta" title="Glyptodontopelta">Glyptodontopelta</a></i>; thoracic osteoderms exhibit a low, rounded keel with a deep groove extending craniocaudally along the apex, similar to <i><a href="/wiki/Anodontosaurus" title="Anodontosaurus">Anodontosaurus</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Platypelta" title="Platypelta">Platypelta</a></i>; and the presence of possible a co-ossified pelvic shield that consists of <a href="/wiki/Polygon" title="Polygon">polygonal</a> osteoderms of uniform size, similar to <i><a href="/wiki/Nodosaurus" title="Nodosaurus">Nodosaurus</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Stegopelta" title="Stegopelta">Stegopelta</a></i>, <i>Glyptodontopelta</i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Europelta" title="Europelta">Europelta</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Aletopelta" title="Aletopelta">Aletopelta</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-McDonald2018a_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McDonald2018a-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Postcrania">Postcrania</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Invictarx&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Postcrania"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Invictarx_zephyri_dorsal_vertebrae_PeerJ_e5435_fig_5.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Invictarx_zephyri_dorsal_vertebrae_PeerJ_e5435_fig_5.png/220px-Invictarx_zephyri_dorsal_vertebrae_PeerJ_e5435_fig_5.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Invictarx_zephyri_dorsal_vertebrae_PeerJ_e5435_fig_5.png/330px-Invictarx_zephyri_dorsal_vertebrae_PeerJ_e5435_fig_5.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Invictarx_zephyri_dorsal_vertebrae_PeerJ_e5435_fig_5.png/440px-Invictarx_zephyri_dorsal_vertebrae_PeerJ_e5435_fig_5.png 2x" data-file-width="2428" data-file-height="2314" /></a><figcaption>Dorsal vertebrae of referred specimen.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Vertebral_column" title="Vertebral column">dorsal vertebrae</a> are incomplete but well-preserved, as one <a href="/wiki/Vertebra" title="Vertebra">vertebra</a> consists of the centrum while the other two vertebrae preserve the base of the neural arch and partial prezygapophyses. Based on <i><a href="/wiki/Sauropelta" title="Sauropelta">Sauropelta</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Europelta" title="Europelta">Europelta</a></i>, the vertebrae are identified as middle dorsal vertebrae, although there are no indications of <a href="/wiki/Rib" title="Rib">ribs</a> fused to the three dorsal vertebrae. The dorsal vertebrae have the cranial and caudal faces only slightly concave. Both the cranial and caudal surfaces are sub circular. The neural arch forms a right angle with the long axis of the centrum as it rises vertically from the craniodorsal margin of the centrum. The vertebrae possess parapophyses that are distinct and are rugose swellings on the sides of the neural arch. The prezygapophyses are joined towards the underside and form a short parapet on the neural arch. As in the <a href="/wiki/Nodosaurid" class="mw-redirect" title="Nodosaurid">nodosaurids</a> <i>Sauropelta</i>, <i>Europelta</i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Silvisaurus" title="Silvisaurus">Silvisaurus</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Struthiosaurus" title="Struthiosaurus">Struthiosaurus austriacus</a></i>, the neural canal is ellipse-shaped with its axis oriented towards the upper edge and sides.<sup id="cite_ref-McDonald2018a_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McDonald2018a-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Invictarx_zephyri_limb_elements_PeerJ_e5435_fig_6.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Invictarx_zephyri_limb_elements_PeerJ_e5435_fig_6.png/220px-Invictarx_zephyri_limb_elements_PeerJ_e5435_fig_6.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Invictarx_zephyri_limb_elements_PeerJ_e5435_fig_6.png/330px-Invictarx_zephyri_limb_elements_PeerJ_e5435_fig_6.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Invictarx_zephyri_limb_elements_PeerJ_e5435_fig_6.png/440px-Invictarx_zephyri_limb_elements_PeerJ_e5435_fig_6.png 2x" data-file-width="2428" data-file-height="2207" /></a><figcaption>Limb elements of referred specimen.</figcaption></figure> <p>All of the <a href="/wiki/Appendicular_skeleton" title="Appendicular skeleton">appendicular elements</a> incomplete and poorly preserved. Although the distal end of the left <a href="/wiki/Humerus" title="Humerus">humerus</a> is crushed, the ulnar condyle was larger than the radial condyle. As in other nodosaurids, the radial condyle was sub spherical shaped and matches the circular shape of the proximal end of the <a href="/wiki/Radius" title="Radius">radius</a>. The distal end of the <a href="/wiki/Ulna" title="Ulna">ulna</a> is broken and in poor condition. The distal ends of the ulnae resemble those of <i>Sauropelta</i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Niobrarasaurus" title="Niobrarasaurus">Niobrarasaurus</a></i>. The left radius consist of only a fragment while the right radius is more complete. The fragment of the left radius reveals little about the element’s <a href="/wiki/Morphology_(biology)" title="Morphology (biology)">morphology</a>. The proximal articulation surface of the radii are shallowly concave and circular. In cross-section, the shaft of the radii are sub circular. The sides of the shaft of the radius forms an almost flat surface to articulate with the ulna. A <a href="/wiki/Metacarpal" class="mw-redirect" title="Metacarpal">metacarpal</a> assigned to one of the referred specimens lacks the proximal and distal ends, and the morphology, orientation, and placement of the metacarpal is unknown.<sup id="cite_ref-McDonald2018a_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McDonald2018a-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Osteoderms">Osteoderms</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Invictarx&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Osteoderms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Invictarx_zephyri_holotype_PeerJ_e5435_fig_3.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Invictarx_zephyri_holotype_PeerJ_e5435_fig_3.png/220px-Invictarx_zephyri_holotype_PeerJ_e5435_fig_3.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="258" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Invictarx_zephyri_holotype_PeerJ_e5435_fig_3.png/330px-Invictarx_zephyri_holotype_PeerJ_e5435_fig_3.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Invictarx_zephyri_holotype_PeerJ_e5435_fig_3.png/440px-Invictarx_zephyri_holotype_PeerJ_e5435_fig_3.png 2x" data-file-width="2214" data-file-height="2593" /></a><figcaption>Cervical/pectoral osteoderms of holotype specimen.</figcaption></figure> <p>One of the <a href="/wiki/Osteoderm" title="Osteoderm">osteoderms</a> associated with the holotype specimen is identified as a possible right medial pectoral or cervical osteoderm with a medial margin based on the medial pectoral osteoderms of <i><a href="/wiki/Edmontonia" title="Edmontonia">Edmontonia</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Panoplosaurus" title="Panoplosaurus">Panoplosaurus</a></i> and <i>Glyptodontopelta</i>. The osteoderm is broken along the cranial and side margins, and pertains a <a href="/wiki/Rectangle" title="Rectangle">rectangular</a> or subrectangular shape. The cervical or pectoral osteoderm preserves margins that are rugose and small projecting bumps with abundant <a href="/wiki/Neurovascular_bundle" title="Neurovascular bundle">neurovascular pits</a>. The osteoderm is 1.8 cm thick and gradually thins towards the margins where it attains a thickness of 0.6 cm. The basal surface of the osteoderm has visible structural fibres and has an abrupt transition from pitted and rugose to pitted and smooth texture. Another osteoderm referred to the holotype was identified as being a cervical or pectoral osteoderm based on <i>Glyptodontopelta</i> as both possess a straight, sharp keel that is dorsally convex toward its cranial end. The osteoderm possesses a cranial that is gently convex as in <i>Glyptodontopelta</i>. The keel of the osteoderm has a thickness of 2.2 cm and thins to only 0.6 cm. Both of the pectoral osteoderms that are assigned to the holotype have a smooth external surface with no rugosity and numerous, randomly distributed, small pits, although one of the osteoderms larger pits that are present along the apex of the keel while the other has minuscule, smaller pits. An osteoderm from the left side of the second cervical half-ring was also identified from the holotype specimen and is nearly complete. The cervical half-ring osteoderm is more <a href="/wiki/Oval" title="Oval">oval</a> in shape than the other osteoderms. The osteoderm has a keel that is strongly laterally offset, as in <i>Edmontonia</i>. Two fragments referred to UMNH VP 28350 were identified as being partial components of the cervical or pectoral half-rings. One of the fragments probably represents the middle or side margin of a broad, rounded plate, while the other fragment is a semi-circular piece. The texture of the fragments are consistent with the texture of the osteoderms referred to the holotype specimen. The osteoderm lacks a keel and resembles the portion of one of the cervical or pectoral osteoderms assigned to the holotype, which suggests that the osteoderm is also a distal osteoderm of the second cervical half-ring. A broad, thick plate assigned to UMNH VP 28351 likely pertains to one of the cervical/pectoral half-rings. The caudal margin of the osteoderm comes to a rounded protrusion, which is also present in <i>Panoplosaurus</i>, <i>Edmontonia</i> and <i>Glyptodontopelta</i>. The osteoderm preserves short, non-branching grooves on patches of surface texture. Another pectoral or cervical osteoderm referred to UMNH VP 28351 is unlike any of the osteoderms referred to <i>Invictarx</i>. The osteoderm is broken on all sides and is covered in <a href="/wiki/Siderite" title="Siderite">siderite</a>, which obscures the external surface texture. The morphology of the osteoderm is similar to the bases of the cervical/pectoral and thoracic spines of <i>Edmontonia</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-McDonald2018a_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McDonald2018a-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Invictarx_osteoderm_arrangement.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Invictarx_osteoderm_arrangement.jpg/220px-Invictarx_osteoderm_arrangement.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="288" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Invictarx_osteoderm_arrangement.jpg/330px-Invictarx_osteoderm_arrangement.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Invictarx_osteoderm_arrangement.jpg/440px-Invictarx_osteoderm_arrangement.jpg 2x" data-file-width="917" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Osteoderm arrangement of <i>Invictarx</i></figcaption></figure> <p>One of the thoracic osteoderms referred to the holotype has a moderately rugose caudal margin and the offset of the keel indicates that the osteoderm was positioned on the sides. The surface texture of the thoracic osteoderms is consistent with the cervical and pectoral osteoderms. Another thoracic osteoderm is similar in shape but has a low, rounded, and poorly defined keel. The thoracic osteoderm has a “split” morphology, with a deep, sharply defined groove extending craniocaudally along the apex of the keel which differs the osteoderm from those of other nodosaurids. This osteoderms, along with another thoracic osteoderms assigned to one of the referred specimens, has a smooth, copiously pitted external surface texture that continues uninterrupted into a groove, which is also seen in <i>Anodontosaurus</i> and <i>Platypelta</i>. The osteoderms shows a similar surface texture to the other osteoderms in the holotype specimen. The most complete thoracic osteoderm is small compared to the other osteoderms referred to the holotype and is only 5.1 cm wide. An osteoderm referred to UMNH VP 28350 was probably located near the midline of <i>Invictarx</i> based on the apparent <a href="/wiki/Symmetry" title="Symmetry">symmetry</a> and may have been a craniocaudally elongate element as osteoderms referred to <i>Europelta</i>. Two partial osteoderms referred to the same specimen were positioned towards the sides in life based on the offset keels and pronounces keels that make the cross-sections shaped like <a href="/wiki/Triangle" title="Triangle">scalene triangles</a>. UMNH VP 28351 preserves four morphotypes of thoracic osteoderms and are also represented among the osteoderms of the holotype specimen and UMNH VP 28350. The first morphotype includes two partial osteoderms that are very thick with flat bases and sharp, prominent midline keels. The two osteoderms would have been situated near the midline of <i>Invictarx</i> based on the midline positions of the keels. The second morphotype consists of more laterally positioned osteoderms with offset keels and are the most abundant class of osteoderm in UMNH VP 28351. The third morphotype includes one osteoderm which exhibits a deep groove extending craniocaudally along the apex of the keel. The osteoderm is similar to a thoracic osteoderm referred to the holotype and both share nearly flat bases, smooth external surface texture with numerous pits, and a low, rounded keel. The fourth morphotype is represented by numerous flat, thin osteoderms that have highly rugose margins.<sup id="cite_ref-McDonald2018a_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McDonald2018a-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Invictarx_zephyri_pelvic_osteoderm_PeerJ_e5435_fig_11.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Invictarx_zephyri_pelvic_osteoderm_PeerJ_e5435_fig_11.png/220px-Invictarx_zephyri_pelvic_osteoderm_PeerJ_e5435_fig_11.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Invictarx_zephyri_pelvic_osteoderm_PeerJ_e5435_fig_11.png/330px-Invictarx_zephyri_pelvic_osteoderm_PeerJ_e5435_fig_11.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Invictarx_zephyri_pelvic_osteoderm_PeerJ_e5435_fig_11.png/440px-Invictarx_zephyri_pelvic_osteoderm_PeerJ_e5435_fig_11.png 2x" data-file-width="2428" data-file-height="1040" /></a><figcaption>Pelvic osteoderm of referred specimen.</figcaption></figure> <p>Two fragments from the pelvic region assigned to UMNH VP 28350 have a flat external and basal surfaces with small pits. The fragments do not become thinner toward the margins and, instead, has a constant thickness. Compared to the margins of the cervical or pectoral and thoracic osteoderms, the pelvic osteoderm fragments have extremely thick margins. The osteoderm fragments are similar in morphology to the pelvic osteoderms of <i>Glyptodontopelta</i> based on the flat external and basal surfaces, and thick, non-tapering margins. An incomplete osteoderm belonging to UMNH VP 28351 is similar to the polygonal osteoderms that comprise the pelvic shield of <i>Aletopelta</i> and some nodosaurids. As in UMNH VP 28350, the pelvic osteoderm referred to UMNH VP 28351 bears a close resemblance to the pelvic osteoderms of <i>Glyptodontopelta</i>. <i>Invictarx</i> likely had a pelvic shield consisting of co-ossified polygonal osteoderms based on the similarities with the osteoderms of <i>Stegopelta</i> and <i>Glyptodontopelta</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-McDonald2018a_1-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McDonald2018a-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Paleoenvironment">Paleoenvironment</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Invictarx&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Paleoenvironment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Invictarx</i> is known from the upper Allison Member of the Menefee Formation which has been dated to the lower <a href="/wiki/Campanian" title="Campanian">Campanian</a> stage, 78.5 Ma.<sup id="cite_ref-McDonald2018a_1-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McDonald2018a-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Menefee Formation represents a widespread alluvial floodplain and consists of <a href="/wiki/Mudstone" title="Mudstone">mudstone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Siltstone" title="Siltstone">siltstone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sandstone" title="Sandstone">sandstone</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Coal" title="Coal">coal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Williamson1997_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Williamson1997-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The sandstones that comprises the Menefee Formation that are fixed within carbonaceous shales of coastal swamp or <a href="/wiki/Lagoon" title="Lagoon">lagoon</a> origin and are thought to have been created by flood tidal deltas that north and east across New Mexico and towards the retreating <a href="/wiki/Western_Interior_Seaway" title="Western Interior Seaway">Western Interior Seaway</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Williamson1997_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Williamson1997-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Invictarx</i> was contemporaneous with an indeterminate <a href="/wiki/Ankylosauria" title="Ankylosauria">ankylosaur</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Hunt1993_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hunt1993-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Tyrannosauridae" title="Tyrannosauridae">tyrannosaurid</a> <a href="/wiki/Theropoda" title="Theropoda">theropod</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Dynamoterror" title="Dynamoterror">Dynamoterror</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-McDonald2018_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McDonald2018-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> an indeterminate <a href="/wiki/Hadrosauridae" title="Hadrosauridae">hadrosaurid</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Hunt1993_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hunt1993-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Centrosaurinae" title="Centrosaurinae">centrosaurine</a> <a href="/wiki/Ceratopsidae" title="Ceratopsidae">ceratopsid</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Menefeeceratops" title="Menefeeceratops">Menefeeceratops</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-dalman2021_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dalman2021-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Brachylophosaurin" class="mw-redirect" title="Brachylophosaurin">brachylophosaurin</a> hadrosaurid <i><a href="/wiki/Ornatops" title="Ornatops">Ornatops</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-McDonald2021_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McDonald2021-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> an indeterminate tyrannosaurid,<sup id="cite_ref-Hunt1993_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hunt1993-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a <a href="/wiki/Dromaeosauridae" title="Dromaeosauridae">dromaeosaurid</a> similar to <i><a href="/wiki/Saurornitholestes" title="Saurornitholestes">Saurornitholestes</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Hunt1993_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hunt1993-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Non-dinosaur taxa contemporaneous with <i>Invictarx</i> include an indeterminate <a href="/wiki/Crocodylia" class="mw-redirect" title="Crocodylia">crocodylian</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Williamson1997_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Williamson1997-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Alligatoroidea" title="Alligatoroidea">alligatoroids</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Brachychampsa" title="Brachychampsa">Brachychampsa</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Deinosuchus" title="Deinosuchus">Deinosuchus</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> an indeterminate <a href="/wiki/Baenidae" title="Baenidae">baenid</a> <a href="/wiki/Turtle" title="Turtle">turtle</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Hunt1993_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hunt1993-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> an indeterminate turtle,<sup id="cite_ref-Williamson1997_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Williamson1997-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and an indeterminate <a href="/wiki/Trionychidae" title="Trionychidae">trionychid</a> turtle.<sup id="cite_ref-Hunt1993_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hunt1993-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Williamson1997_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Williamson1997-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Invictarx&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2018_in_paleontology" title="2018 in paleontology">2018 in paleontology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_ankylosaur_research" title="Timeline of ankylosaur research">Timeline of ankylosaur research</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Invictarx&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-McDonald2018a-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-McDonald2018a_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McDonald2018a_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McDonald2018a_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McDonald2018a_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McDonald2018a_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McDonald2018a_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McDonald2018a_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McDonald2018a_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McDonald2018a_1-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McDonald2018a_1-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McDonald2018a_1-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMcDonaldWolfe2018" class="citation journal cs1">McDonald, A.T.; Wolfe, D.G. (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6110256">"A new nodosaurid ankylosaur (Dinosauria: Thyreophora) from the Upper Cretaceous Menefee Formation of New Mexico"</a>. <i>PeerJ</i>. <b>6</b>: 6:e5435. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.7717%2Fpeerj.5435">10.7717/peerj.5435</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6110256">6110256</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30155354">30155354</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PeerJ&rft.atitle=A+new+nodosaurid+ankylosaur+%28Dinosauria%3A+Thyreophora%29+from+the+Upper+Cretaceous+Menefee+Formation+of+New+Mexico&rft.volume=6&rft.pages=6%3Ae5435&rft.date=2018&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6110256%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F30155354&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.7717%2Fpeerj.5435&rft.aulast=McDonald&rft.aufirst=A.T.&rft.au=Wolfe%2C+D.G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6110256&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInvictarx" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Williamson1997-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Williamson1997_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Williamson1997_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Williamson1997_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Williamson1997_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Williamson1997_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliamson1997" class="citation book cs1">Williamson, TE (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YWcdCgAAQBAJ&q=Williamson%2C+TE+%281997%29.++A+new+Late+Cretaceous+%28early+Campanian%29+vertebrate+fauna+from+the+Allison+Member%2C+Menefee+Formation%2C+San+Juan+Basin%2C+New+Mexico&pg=PA51">"A new Late Cretaceous (early Campanian) vertebrate fauna from the Allison Member, Menefee Formation, San Juan Basin, New Mexico"</a>. In Lucas, SG; Estep, JW; Williamson, TE; Morgan, GS (eds.). <i>New Mexico's Fossil Record 1. Albuquerque: New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin 11</i>. pp. 51–59<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=A+new+Late+Cretaceous+%28early+Campanian%29+vertebrate+fauna+from+the+Allison+Member%2C+Menefee+Formation%2C+San+Juan+Basin%2C+New+Mexico&rft.btitle=New+Mexico%27s+Fossil+Record+1.+Albuquerque%3A+New+Mexico+Museum+of+Natural+History+and+Science+Bulletin+11&rft.pages=51-59&rft.date=1997&rft.aulast=Williamson&rft.aufirst=TE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYWcdCgAAQBAJ%26q%3DWilliamson%252C%2BTE%2B%25281997%2529.%2B%2BA%2Bnew%2BLate%2BCretaceous%2B%2528early%2BCampanian%2529%2Bvertebrate%2Bfauna%2Bfrom%2Bthe%2BAllison%2BMember%252C%2BMenefee%2BFormation%252C%2BSan%2BJuan%2BBasin%252C%2BNew%2BMexico%26pg%3DPA51&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInvictarx" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hunt1993-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hunt1993_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hunt1993_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hunt1993_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hunt1993_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hunt1993_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hunt1993_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHuntLucas,_Spencer_G.1993" class="citation book cs1">Hunt, Adrian P.; Lucas, Spencer G. 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<li><i>Clade</i>: <a href="/wiki/Dinosaur" title="Dinosaur">Dinosauria</a></li> <li><i>Clade</i>: <a href="/wiki/Ornithischia" title="Ornithischia">Ornithischia</a></li> <li><i>Clade</i>: <a href="/wiki/Thyreophora" title="Thyreophora">Thyreophora</a></li></ul> </span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Avemetatarsalia" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Avemetatarsalia" title="Avemetatarsalia">Avemetatarsalia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><ul><li>see <a href="/wiki/Template:Avemetatarsalia" title="Template:Avemetatarsalia">Avemetatarsalia</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ornithischia" title="Ornithischia">Ornithischia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><ul><li>see <a href="/wiki/Template:Ornithischia" title="Template:Ornithischia">Ornithischia</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ankylosauria" title="Ankylosauria">Ankylosauria</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><ul><li>see below↓</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#ddddff;font-size:115%"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Ankylosauria" title="Ankylosauria">Ankylosauria</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Ankylosauria" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position: absolute; transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);"><a href="/wiki/Ankylosauria" title="Ankylosauria">Ankylosauria</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Cryptosaurus" title="Cryptosaurus">Cryptosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dracopelta" title="Dracopelta">Dracopelta</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Minmi_paravertebra" title="Minmi paravertebra">Minmi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Priodontognathus" title="Priodontognathus">Priodontognathus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sarcolestes" title="Sarcolestes">Sarcolestes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Serendipaceratops" title="Serendipaceratops">Serendipaceratops</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sinankylosaurus" title="Sinankylosaurus">Sinankylosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Spicomellus" title="Spicomellus">Spicomellus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Stegosaurides" title="Stegosaurides">Stegosaurides</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tianchisaurus" title="Tianchisaurus">Tianchisaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vectipelta" title="Vectipelta">Vectipelta</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Parankylosauria" title="Parankylosauria">Parankylosauria</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Antarctopelta" title="Antarctopelta">Antarctopelta</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kunbarrasaurus" title="Kunbarrasaurus">Kunbarrasaurus</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Stegouros" title="Stegouros">Stegouros</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position: absolute; transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);"><a href="/wiki/Euankylosauria" class="mw-redirect" title="Euankylosauria">Euankylosauria</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nodosauridae" title="Nodosauridae">Nodosauridae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Acanthopholis" title="Acanthopholis">Acanthopholis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Anoplosaurus" title="Anoplosaurus">Anoplosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dongyangopelta" title="Dongyangopelta">Dongyangopelta</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gargoyleosaurus" title="Gargoyleosaurus">Gargoyleosaurus</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gastonia_(dinosaur)" title="Gastonia (dinosaur)">Gastonia</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Glyptodontopelta" title="Glyptodontopelta">Glyptodontopelta</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Horshamosaurus" title="Horshamosaurus">Horshamosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hylaeosaurus" title="Hylaeosaurus">Hylaeosaurus</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Invictarx</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mymoorapelta" title="Mymoorapelta">Mymoorapelta</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Polacanthoides" title="Polacanthoides">Polacanthoides</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Priconodon" title="Priconodon">Priconodon</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Propanoplosaurus" title="Propanoplosaurus">Propanoplosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rhadinosaurus" title="Rhadinosaurus">Rhadinosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sauroplites" title="Sauroplites">Sauroplites</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Polacanthinae" title="Polacanthinae">Polacanthinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Gargoyleosaurus" title="Gargoyleosaurus">Gargoyleosaurus</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gastonia_(dinosaur)" title="Gastonia (dinosaur)">Gastonia</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hoplitosaurus" title="Hoplitosaurus">Hoplitosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Peloroplites" title="Peloroplites">Peloroplites</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Polacanthus" title="Polacanthus">Polacanthus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Taohelong" title="Taohelong">Taohelong</a></i>?</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nodosaurinae" class="mw-redirect" title="Nodosaurinae">Nodosaurinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Acantholipan" title="Acantholipan">Acantholipan</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ahshislepelta" title="Ahshislepelta">Ahshislepelta</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Borealopelta" title="Borealopelta">Borealopelta</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Niobrarasaurus" title="Niobrarasaurus">Niobrarasaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nodosaurus" title="Nodosaurus">Nodosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Patagopelta" title="Patagopelta">Patagopelta</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Peloroplites" title="Peloroplites">Peloroplites</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sauropelta" title="Sauropelta">Sauropelta</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Silvisaurus" title="Silvisaurus">Silvisaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tatankacephalus" title="Tatankacephalus">Tatankacephalus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Panoplosaurini" class="mw-redirect" title="Panoplosaurini">Panoplosaurini</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Animantarx" title="Animantarx">Animantarx</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Denversaurus" title="Denversaurus">Denversaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Edmontonia" title="Edmontonia">Edmontonia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Panoplosaurus" title="Panoplosaurus">Panoplosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Texasetes" title="Texasetes">Texasetes</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Struthiosaurini" class="mw-redirect" title="Struthiosaurini">Struthiosaurini</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Europelta" title="Europelta">Europelta</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hungarosaurus" title="Hungarosaurus">Hungarosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pawpawsaurus" title="Pawpawsaurus">Pawpawsaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Stegopelta" title="Stegopelta">Stegopelta</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Struthiosaurus" title="Struthiosaurus">Struthiosaurus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ankylosauridae" title="Ankylosauridae">Ankylosauridae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ahshislepelta" title="Ahshislepelta">Ahshislepelta</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aletopelta" title="Aletopelta">Aletopelta</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cedarpelta" title="Cedarpelta">Cedarpelta</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chuanqilong" title="Chuanqilong">Chuanqilong</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Huaxiazhoulong" title="Huaxiazhoulong">Huaxiazhoulong</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hylaeosaurus" title="Hylaeosaurus">Hylaeosaurus</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Liaoningosaurus" title="Liaoningosaurus">Liaoningosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zhejiangosaurus" title="Zhejiangosaurus">Zhejiangosaurus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shamosaurinae" class="mw-redirect" title="Shamosaurinae">Shamosaurinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Gobisaurus" title="Gobisaurus">Gobisaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shamosaurus" title="Shamosaurus">Shamosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zhongyuansaurus" title="Zhongyuansaurus">Zhongyuansaurus</a></i>?</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ankylosaurinae" title="Ankylosaurinae">Ankylosaurinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Bissektipelta" title="Bissektipelta">Bissektipelta</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Crichtonpelta" title="Crichtonpelta">Crichtonpelta</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Crichtonsaurus" title="Crichtonsaurus">Crichtonsaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Datai" title="Datai">Datai</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jinyunpelta" title="Jinyunpelta">Jinyunpelta</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Minotaurasaurus" title="Minotaurasaurus">Minotaurasaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pinacosaurus" title="Pinacosaurus">Pinacosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Saichania" title="Saichania">Saichania</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shanxia" title="Shanxia">Shanxia</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tarchia" title="Tarchia">Tarchia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tianzhenosaurus" title="Tianzhenosaurus">Tianzhenosaurus</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tsagantegia" title="Tsagantegia">Tsagantegia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zaraapelta" title="Zaraapelta">Zaraapelta</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ankylosaurini" class="mw-redirect" title="Ankylosaurini">Ankylosaurini</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Akainacephalus" title="Akainacephalus">Akainacephalus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ankylosaurus" title="Ankylosaurus">Ankylosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Anodontosaurus" title="Anodontosaurus">Anodontosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dyoplosaurus" title="Dyoplosaurus">Dyoplosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Euoplocephalus" title="Euoplocephalus">Euoplocephalus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nodocephalosaurus" title="Nodocephalosaurus">Nodocephalosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Oohkotokia" title="Oohkotokia">Oohkotokia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Platypelta" title="Platypelta">Platypelta</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Scolosaurus" title="Scolosaurus">Scolosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Talarurus" title="Talarurus">Talarurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ziapelta" title="Ziapelta">Ziapelta</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zuul" title="Zuul">Zuul</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sauropelta_reconstruction.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Sauropelta edwardsorum"><img alt="Sauropelta edwardsorum" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Sauropelta_reconstruction.png/140px-Sauropelta_reconstruction.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="49" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Sauropelta_reconstruction.png/210px-Sauropelta_reconstruction.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Sauropelta_reconstruction.png/280px-Sauropelta_reconstruction.png 2x" data-file-width="1557" data-file-height="540" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ankylosaurus_magniventris_reconstruction.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Ankylosaurus magniventris"><img alt="Ankylosaurus magniventris" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Ankylosaurus_magniventris_reconstruction.png/140px-Ankylosaurus_magniventris_reconstruction.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="63" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Ankylosaurus_magniventris_reconstruction.png/210px-Ankylosaurus_magniventris_reconstruction.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Ankylosaurus_magniventris_reconstruction.png/280px-Ankylosaurus_magniventris_reconstruction.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="724" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>See also: <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_ankylosaur_research" title="Timeline of ankylosaur research">Timeline</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Ankylosaurs" title="Category:Ankylosaurs">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Taxon_identifiers" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Taxon_identifiers" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Taxon_identifiers" title="Help:Taxon identifiers">Taxon identifiers</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Invictarx</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56247617" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q56247617">Q56247617</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Paleobiology_Database" title="Paleobiology Database">Paleobiology Database</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=375361">375361</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Invictarx&oldid=1250041499">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Invictarx&oldid=1250041499</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" 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