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class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Marine reptiles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Marine_reptiles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Terrestrial_animals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Terrestrial_animals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Terrestrial animals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Terrestrial_animals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Early Jurassic</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 31 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-31" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">31 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%83%D8%B1" title="الجوراسي المبكر – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الجوراسي المبكر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xur%C3%A1sicu_Inferior" title="Xurásicu Inferior – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Xurásicu Inferior" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rana_jura" title="Rana jura – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Rana jura" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unterjura" title="Unterjura – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Unterjura" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jur%C3%A1sico_Inferior" title="Jurásico Inferior – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Jurásico Inferior" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liaso" title="Liaso – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Liaso" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jurasiko_Goiztiar" title="Jurasiko Goiztiar – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Jurasiko Goiztiar" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%98%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%DA%A9_%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%86" title="ژوراسیک پیشین – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ژوراسیک پیشین" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jurassique_inf%C3%A9rieur" title="Jurassique inférieur – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Jurassique inférieur" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%97" title="पूर्व जुरैसिक युग – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पूर्व जुरैसिक युग" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jura_Awal" title="Jura Awal – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Jura Awal" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81rj%C3%BArat%C3%ADmabili%C3%B0" title="Árjúratímabilið – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Árjúratímabilið" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giurassico_inferiore" title="Giurassico inferiore – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Giurassico inferiore" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%99%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%94_%D7%AA%D7%97%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%9F" title="יורה תחתון – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="יורה תחתון" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iurassicum_inferius" title="Iurassicum inferius – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Iurassicum inferius" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lias" title="Lias – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Lias" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kora_jura" title="Kora jura – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kora jura" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jura_Awal" title="Jura Awal – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Jura Awal" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lias-groep" title="Lias-groep – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Lias-groep" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%89%8D%E6%9C%9F%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A5%E3%83%A9%E7%B4%80" title="前期ジュラ紀 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="前期ジュラ紀" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tidleg_jura" title="Tidleg jura – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Tidleg jura" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jura_wczesna" title="Jura wczesna – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Jura wczesna" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jur%C3%A1ssico_Inferior" title="Jurássico Inferior – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Jurássico Inferior" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jurasic_timpuriu" title="Jurasic timpuriu – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Jurasic timpuriu" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lower_Jurassic" title="Lower Jurassic – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Lower Jurassic" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donja_jura" title="Donja jura – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Donja jura" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varhaisjurakausi" title="Varhaisjurakausi – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Varhaisjurakausi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%84ldre_jura" title="Äldre jura – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Äldre jura" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erken_Jura" title="Erken Jura – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Erken Jura" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Лейас – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Лейас" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">First epoch of the Jurassic Period</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output 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class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Early_Jurassic" title="Special:EditPage/Early Jurassic">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Early+Jurassic%22">"Early Jurassic"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Early+Jurassic%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Early+Jurassic%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Early+Jurassic%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Early+Jurassic%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Early+Jurassic%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">February 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="width:23em;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="padding:0.25em 0.33em 0.33em;line-height:1.2em;font-size:1.25em;background:rgb(66,174,208);"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Early/Lower Jurassic</span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><span class="noprint"><span style="display:inline-block;"></span><span style="display:inline-block;">201.3 ± 0.2 – 174.7 ± 0.8 <a href="/wiki/Year#SI_prefix_multipliers" title="Year">Ma</a></span> <span style="display:inline-block;"></span><div id="Timeline-row" style="margin: 4px auto 0; clear:both; width:220px; padding:0px; height:18px; overflow:visible; white-space:nowrap; border:1px #666; border-style:solid none; position:relative; z-index:0; font-size:97%;"> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; left:0px; width:207.23076923077px; padding-left:5px; text-align:left; background-color:rgb(254,217,106); background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgba(255,255,255,1), rgba(254,217,106,1) 15%, rgba(254,217,106,1));"><a href="/wiki/Precambrian" title="Precambrian">PreꞒ</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(127,160,86); left:37.636923076923px; width:18.073846153846px;"><a href="/wiki/Cambrian" title="Cambrian">Ꞓ</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(0,146,112); left:55.710769230769px; width:14.08px;"><a href="/wiki/Ordovician" title="Ordovician">O</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(179,225,182); left:69.790769230769px; width:8.3261538461539px;"><a href="/wiki/Silurian" title="Silurian">S</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(203,140,55); left:78.116923076923px; width:20.409230769231px;"><a href="/wiki/Devonian" title="Devonian">D</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(103,165,153); left:98.526153846154px; width:20.307692307692px;"><a href="/wiki/Carboniferous" title="Carboniferous">C</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(240,64,40); left:118.83384615385px; width:15.907015384615px;"><a href="/wiki/Permian" title="Permian">P</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(129,43,146); left:134.74086153846px; width:17.092984615385px;"><a href="/wiki/Triassic" title="Triassic">T</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(52,178,201); left:151.83384615385px; width:19.089230769231px;"><a href="/wiki/Jurassic" title="Jurassic">J</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(127,198,78); left:170.92307692308px; width:26.738461538462px;"><a href="/wiki/Cretaceous" title="Cretaceous">K</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(253,154,82); left:197.66153846154px; width:14.543692307692px;"><a href="/wiki/Paleogene" title="Paleogene">Pg</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(255,230,25); left:212.20523076923px; width:6.9215384615385px;"><a href="/wiki/Neogene" title="Neogene">N</a></div> <div id="end-border" style="position:absolute; height:100%; background-color:#666; width:1px; left:219px"></div><div style="margin:0 auto; line-height:0; clear:both; width:220px; padding:0px; height:8px; overflow:visible; background-color:transparent; position:relative; top:-4px; z-index:100;"><div style="position:absolute; height:8px; left:151.86769230769px; width:9.0030769230769px; background-color:#360; opacity:0.42;"></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:8px; left:151.86769230769px; width:9.0030769230769px; background-color:#360; opacity:1;"></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:6px; top:1px; left:152.86769230769px; width:7.0030769230769px; background-color:#6c3;"></div> </div> </div></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mollweide_Paleographic_Map_of_Earth,_190_Ma_(Pliensbachian_Age).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Mollweide_Paleographic_Map_of_Earth%2C_190_Ma_%28Pliensbachian_Age%29.png/250px-Mollweide_Paleographic_Map_of_Earth%2C_190_Ma_%28Pliensbachian_Age%29.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Mollweide_Paleographic_Map_of_Earth%2C_190_Ma_%28Pliensbachian_Age%29.png/375px-Mollweide_Paleographic_Map_of_Earth%2C_190_Ma_%28Pliensbachian_Age%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Mollweide_Paleographic_Map_of_Earth%2C_190_Ma_%28Pliensbachian_Age%29.png/500px-Mollweide_Paleographic_Map_of_Earth%2C_190_Ma_%28Pliensbachian_Age%29.png 2x" data-file-width="3610" data-file-height="1810" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">A map of Earth as it appeared 190 million years ago during the Early Jurassic Epoch, Pliensbachian Age</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ededed;">Chronology</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="font-size:14px"><table id="Container" role="presentation" class="toccolours searchaux" style="text-align:left;padding:0 0.5em;border-style:none;margin:auto;overflow:hidden;min-width:26.35em"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td id="Scale" style="padding:0;margin:0.7em 0 0.7em 0;width:4.2em;position:relative;float:left;font-size:100%;height:32em;border-right:1px solid #242020"><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:29.52em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">−200 —</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:28.26em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">–</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:26.99em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">−195 —</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:25.73em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">–</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:24.47em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">−190 —</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:23.21em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">–</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:21.95em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">−185 —</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:20.69em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">–</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:19.43em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">−180 —</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:18.17em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">–</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:16.91em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">−175 —</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:15.65em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">–</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:14.39em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">−170 —</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:13.13em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">–</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:11.86em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">−165 —</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:10.60em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">–</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:9.34em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">−160 —</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:8.08em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">–</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:6.82em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">−155 —</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:5.56em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">–</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:4.30em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">−150 —</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:3.04em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">–</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:1.78em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">−145 —</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:0.52em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">–</span></div></td><td id="Timeline" class="toccolours notheme" style="padding:0px;margin:0.7em 0 0.7em 0;position:relative;font-size:100%;width:10.2em;height:32em;float:left;border:none;background-color:#000000"><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:rgb(103,197,202);border-style:none none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:0.000em;height:32.000em;left:0.000em;width:1.122em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-16.000em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><b><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1231500821">@supports(writing-mode:vertical-lr){.mw-parser-output .ts-vertical-text{letter-spacing:-0.12em;line-height:1em;text-orientation:upright;writing-mode:vertical-lr;width:1em}}</style><span class="ts-vertical-text" style=""><a href="/wiki/Mesozoic" title="Mesozoic">Mesozoic</a></span></b></div></div><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:rgb(129,43,146);border-width:0em;border-style:solid none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:30.222em;height:1.778em;left:1.224em;width:1.122em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-0.889em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><b><a href="/wiki/Triassic" title="Triassic"><span style="color:white;">T</span></a></b></div></div><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:rgb(52,178,201);border-width:0.05em;border-style:solid none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:1.778em;height:28.344em;left:1.224em;width:1.122em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-14.172em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><b><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1231500821"><span class="ts-vertical-text" style=""><a href="/wiki/Jurassic" title="Jurassic">Jurassic</a></span></b></div></div><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:rgb(127,198,78);border-width:0em;border-style:solid none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:0.000em;height:1.778em;left:1.224em;width:1.122em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-0.889em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><b><a href="/wiki/Cretaceous" title="Cretaceous">K</a></b></div></div><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:rgb(189,140,195);border-style:none none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:30.222em;height:1.778em;left:2.448em;width:7.752em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-0.889em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><a href="/wiki/Late_Triassic" title="Late Triassic">Late T</a></div></div><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:rgb(66,174,208);border-width:0.05em;border-style:solid none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:16.757em;height:13.366em;left:2.448em;width:1.122em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;font-size:95%;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-6.683em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1231500821"><span class="ts-vertical-text" style=""><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Early</a></span></div></div><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:rgb(128,207,216);border-width:0em;border-style:solid none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:10.099em;height:6.657em;left:2.448em;width:1.122em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;font-size:95%;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-3.329em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1231500821"><span class="ts-vertical-text" style=""><a href="/wiki/Middle_Jurassic" title="Middle Jurassic">Middle</a></span></div></div><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:rgb(179,227,238);border-width:0.05em;border-style:solid none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:1.778em;height:8.222em;left:2.448em;width:1.122em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;font-size:95%;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-4.111em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1231500821"><span class="ts-vertical-text" style=""><a href="/wiki/Late_Jurassic" title="Late Jurassic">Late</a></span></div></div><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:rgb(140,205,87);border-style:none none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:0.000em;height:1.778em;left:2.448em;width:7.752em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-0.889em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><a href="/wiki/Early_Cretaceous" title="Early Cretaceous">Early K</a></div></div><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:rgb(78,179,211);border-width:0.05em;border-style:solid none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:29.264em;height:0.858em;left:3.672em;width:6.528em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;font-size:90%;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-0.429em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><a href="/wiki/Hettangian" title="Hettangian">Hettangian</a></div></div><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:rgb(103,188,216);border-width:0em;border-style:solid none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:25.935em;height:3.329em;left:3.672em;width:6.528em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;font-size:90%;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-1.664em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><a href="/wiki/Sinemurian" title="Sinemurian">Sinemurian</a></div></div><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:rgb(128,197,221);border-width:0em;border-style:solid none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:21.548em;height:4.388em;left:3.672em;width:6.528em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;font-size:90%;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-2.194em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><a href="/wiki/Pliensbachian" title="Pliensbachian">Pliensbachian</a></div></div><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:rgb(153,206,227);border-width:0.05em;border-style:solid none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:16.757em;height:4.691em;left:3.672em;width:6.528em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;font-size:90%;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-2.346em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><a href="/wiki/Toarcian" title="Toarcian">Toarcian</a></div></div><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:rgb(154,217,221);border-width:0em;border-style:solid none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:14.840em;height:1.916em;left:3.672em;width:6.528em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;font-size:90%;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-0.958em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><a href="/wiki/Aalenian" title="Aalenian">Aalenian</a></div></div><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:rgb(166,221,224);border-width:0.05em;border-style:solid none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:13.478em;height:1.262em;left:3.672em;width:6.528em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;font-size:90%;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-0.631em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><a href="/wiki/Bajocian" title="Bajocian">Bajocian</a></div></div><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:rgb(179,226,227);border-width:0em;border-style:solid none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:12.016em;height:1.463em;left:3.672em;width:6.528em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;font-size:90%;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-0.731em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><a href="/wiki/Bathonian" title="Bathonian">Bathonian</a></div></div><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:rgb(191,231,229);border-width:0em;border-style:solid none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:10.099em;height:1.916em;left:3.672em;width:6.528em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;font-size:90%;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-0.958em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><a href="/wiki/Callovian" title="Callovian">Callovian</a></div></div><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:rgb(191,231,241);border-width:0.05em;border-style:solid none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:6.720em;height:3.279em;left:3.672em;width:6.528em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;font-size:90%;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-1.640em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><a href="/wiki/Oxfordian_(stage)" title="Oxfordian (stage)">Oxfordian</a></div></div><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:rgb(204,236,244);border-width:0em;border-style:solid none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:3.896em;height:2.824em;left:3.672em;width:6.528em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;font-size:90%;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-1.412em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><a href="/wiki/Kimmeridgian" title="Kimmeridgian">Kimmeridgian</a></div></div><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:rgb(217,241,247);border-width:0.05em;border-style:solid none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:1.778em;height:2.018em;left:3.672em;width:6.528em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;font-size:90%;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-1.009em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><a href="/wiki/Tithonian" title="Tithonian">Tithonian</a></div></div><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:#000000;border-style:none none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:0.000em;height:32.000em;left:10.098em;width:0.102em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-16.000em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"> </div></div><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:#000000;border-style:none none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:25.885em;height:0.050em;left:3.570em;width:6.630em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-0.025em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"> </div></div><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:#000000;border-style:none none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:12.016em;height:0.050em;left:3.570em;width:6.630em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-0.025em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"> </div></div></td><td id="Annotations" style="padding:0;margin:0.7em 0 0.7em 0;float:left;position:relative;width:10.25em;height:32em"><table role="presentation" style="position:absolute;z-index:15;top:30.222em;left:0em;transform:translateY(-50%);padding:0;margin:0;font-size:100%"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><span style="color:var( --color-base, #000)">←</span></td><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><div style="z-index:10;font-size:90%;color:var( --color-base, #000);display:block;line-height:105%;bottom:0"><a href="/wiki/Triassic%E2%80%93Jurassic_extinction_event" title="Triassic–Jurassic extinction event">Triassic–Jurassic extinction event</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td id="Caption" colspan="3" style="padding:0;margin:0 0.2em 0.7em 0.2em"><div id="Caption" class="toccolours" style="margin:0 auto;float:left;border-style:none;clear:both;text-align:center;width:23.2em"><b>Subdivision of the Jurassic according to the <a href="/wiki/International_Commission_on_Stratigraphy" title="International Commission on Stratigraphy">ICS</a>, as of 2023.</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />Vertical axis scale: millions of years ago.<br /></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ededed;">Etymology</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:10em;">Chronostratigraphic name</th><td class="infobox-data">Lower Jurassic</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:10em;">Geochronological name</th><td class="infobox-data">Early Jurassic</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:10em;">Name formality</th><td class="infobox-data">Formal</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ededed;">Usage information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:10em;">Celestial body</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Geological_history_of_Earth" title="Geological history of Earth">Earth</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:10em;">Regional usage</th><td class="infobox-data">Global (<a href="/wiki/International_Commission_on_Stratigraphy" title="International Commission on Stratigraphy">ICS</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:10em;">Time scale(s) used</th><td class="infobox-data">ICS Time Scale</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ededed;">Definition</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:10em;">Chronological unit</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Epoch_(geology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Epoch (geology)">Epoch</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:10em;">Stratigraphic unit</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Series_(stratigraphy)" title="Series (stratigraphy)">Series</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:10em;">Time span formality</th><td class="infobox-data">Formal</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:10em;">Lower boundary definition</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/First_appearance_datum" title="First appearance datum">FAD</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Ammonite" class="mw-redirect" title="Ammonite">Ammonite</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Psiloceras" title="Psiloceras">Psiloceras spelae tirolicum</a></i>.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:10em;">Lower boundary GSSP</th><td class="infobox-data">Kuhjoch section, <a href="/wiki/Karwendel" title="Karwendel">Karwendel mountains</a>, <a href="/wiki/Northern_Calcareous_Alps" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Calcareous Alps">Northern Calcareous Alps</a>, <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a><br /><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Early_Jurassic&params=47.4839_N_11.5306_E_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">47°29′02″N</span> <span class="longitude">11°31′50″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">47.4839°N 11.5306°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">47.4839; 11.5306</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:10em;">Lower GSSP ratified</th><td class="infobox-data">2010<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:10em;">Upper boundary definition</th><td class="infobox-data">FAD of the Ammonites <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leioceras_opalinum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leioceras opalinum (page does not exist)">Leioceras opalinum</a></i> and <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leioceras_lineatum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leioceras lineatum (page does not exist)">Leioceras lineatum</a></i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:10em;">Upper boundary GSSP</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Fuentelsaz" title="Fuentelsaz">Fuentelsaz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a><br /><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Early_Jurassic&params=41.1708_N_1.8333_W_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">41°10′15″N</span> <span class="longitude">1°50′00″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">41.1708°N 1.8333°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">41.1708; -1.8333</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:10em;">Upper GSSP ratified</th><td class="infobox-data">2000<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Early Jurassic</b> <a href="/wiki/Epoch_(geology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Epoch (geology)">Epoch</a> (in <a href="/wiki/Chronostratigraphy" title="Chronostratigraphy">chronostratigraphy</a> corresponding to the <b>Lower Jurassic</b> <a href="/wiki/Series_(stratigraphy)" title="Series (stratigraphy)">Series</a>) is the earliest of three epochs of the <a href="/wiki/Jurassic" title="Jurassic">Jurassic</a> Period. The Early Jurassic starts immediately after the <a href="/wiki/Triassic%E2%80%93Jurassic_extinction_event" title="Triassic–Jurassic extinction event">Triassic–Jurassic extinction event</a>, 201.3 Ma (million years ago), and ends at the start of the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Jurassic" title="Middle Jurassic">Middle Jurassic</a> 174.7 ±0.8 Ma. </p><p>Certain rocks of marine origin of this age in Europe are called "<a href="/wiki/Lias_Group" title="Lias Group">Lias</a>" and that name was used for the period, as well, in 19th-century geology.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In southern Germany rocks of this age are called <a href="/wiki/Black_Jurassic" title="Black Jurassic">Black Jurassic</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origin_of_the_name_Lias">Origin of the name Lias</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Early_Jurassic&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Origin of the name Lias"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are two possible origins for the name Lias: the first reason is it was taken by a <a href="/wiki/Geologist" title="Geologist">geologist</a> from an <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">English</a> <a href="/wiki/Quarryman" class="mw-redirect" title="Quarryman">quarryman</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Dialect" title="Dialect">dialect</a> pronunciation of the word "layers";<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> secondly, <a href="/wiki/Sloops" class="mw-redirect" title="Sloops">sloops</a> from north <a href="/wiki/Cornwall" title="Cornwall">Cornish</a> ports such as <a href="/wiki/Bude" title="Bude">Bude</a> would sail across the <a href="/wiki/Bristol_Channel" title="Bristol Channel">Bristol Channel</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Vale_of_Glamorgan" title="Vale of Glamorgan">Vale of Glamorgan</a> to load up with rock from coastal <a href="/wiki/Limestone" title="Limestone">limestone</a> quarries (lias and <a href="/wiki/Carboniferous" title="Carboniferous">Carboniferous</a> limestone from South Wales was used throughout North Devon/North Cornwall as it contains <a href="/wiki/Calcium_carbonate" title="Calcium carbonate">calcium carbonate</a> to 'sweeten' (i.e.neutralise) the acidic Devonian and Carboniferous soils of the <a href="/wiki/West_Country" title="West Country">West Country</a>); the Cornish would pronounce the layers of limestone as '<span title="Cornish-language text"><i lang="kw">laiyers</i></span>' or '<span title="Cornish-language text"><i lang="kw">lias</i></span>'; <i>leac </i> is <a href="/wiki/Goidelic_languages" title="Goidelic languages">Gaelic</a> for "flat stone".<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geology">Geology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Early_Jurassic&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Geology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Stratigraphy">Stratigraphy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Early_Jurassic&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Stratigraphy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Three_Patriarchs_in_Zion_Canyon.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/The_Three_Patriarchs_in_Zion_Canyon.jpg/220px-The_Three_Patriarchs_in_Zion_Canyon.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/The_Three_Patriarchs_in_Zion_Canyon.jpg/330px-The_Three_Patriarchs_in_Zion_Canyon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/The_Three_Patriarchs_in_Zion_Canyon.jpg/440px-The_Three_Patriarchs_in_Zion_Canyon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="759" /></a><figcaption>Massive cliffs in <a href="/wiki/Zion_National_Park" title="Zion National Park">Zion Canyon</a> consist of Lower Jurassic formations, including (from bottom to top): the <a href="/wiki/Kayenta_Formation" title="Kayenta Formation">Kayenta Formation</a> and the massive <a href="/wiki/Navajo_Sandstone" title="Navajo Sandstone">Navajo Sandstone</a></figcaption></figure> <p>There has been some debate<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> over the actual base of the <a href="/wiki/Hettangian" title="Hettangian">Hettangian</a> Stage, and so of the Jurassic System itself. <a href="/wiki/Biostratigraphy" title="Biostratigraphy">Biostratigraphically</a>, the first appearance of <a href="/wiki/Psiloceratidae" title="Psiloceratidae">psiloceratid</a> <a href="/wiki/Ammonites" class="mw-redirect" title="Ammonites">ammonites</a> has been used; but this depends on relatively complete ammonite faunas being present, a problem that makes correlation between sections in different parts of the world difficult. If this biostratigraphical indicator is used, then technically the <a href="/wiki/Lias_Group" title="Lias Group">Lias Group</a>—a <a href="/wiki/Lithostratigraphy" title="Lithostratigraphy">lithostratigraphical</a> division—spans the Jurassic / <a href="/wiki/Triassic" title="Triassic">Triassic</a> boundary. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_Kingdom">United Kingdom</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Early_Jurassic&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: United Kingdom"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Blue_lias_cliffs_at_Lyme_Regis.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Blue_lias_cliffs_at_Lyme_Regis.jpg/220px-Blue_lias_cliffs_at_Lyme_Regis.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Blue_lias_cliffs_at_Lyme_Regis.jpg/330px-Blue_lias_cliffs_at_Lyme_Regis.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Blue_lias_cliffs_at_Lyme_Regis.jpg/440px-Blue_lias_cliffs_at_Lyme_Regis.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3195" data-file-height="1972" /></a><figcaption>Lias formations at <a href="/wiki/Lyme_Regis" title="Lyme Regis">Lyme Regis</a>, UK, known locally as <a href="/wiki/Blue_Lias" title="Blue Lias">Blue Lias</a></figcaption></figure> <p>There are extensive Liassic outcrops around the coast of the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>, in particular in <a href="/wiki/Glamorgan" title="Glamorgan">Glamorgan</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Yorkshire" title="North Yorkshire">North Yorkshire</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dorset" title="Dorset">Dorset</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Jurassic_coast" class="mw-redirect" title="Jurassic coast">'Jurassic Coast'</a> of Dorset is often associated with the pioneering work of <a href="/wiki/Mary_Anning" title="Mary Anning">Mary Anning</a> of <a href="/wiki/Lyme_Regis" title="Lyme Regis">Lyme Regis</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Facies" title="Facies">facies</a> of the Lower Jurassic in this area are predominantly of <a href="/wiki/Clays" class="mw-redirect" title="Clays">clays</a>, thin <a href="/wiki/Limestones" class="mw-redirect" title="Limestones">limestones</a> and <a href="/wiki/Siltstones" class="mw-redirect" title="Siltstones">siltstones</a>, deposited under fully marine conditions. </p><p>Lias Group <a href="/wiki/Stratum" title="Stratum">strata</a> form imposing cliffs on the <a href="/wiki/Vale_of_Glamorgan" title="Vale of Glamorgan">Vale of Glamorgan</a> coast, in southern <a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a>. Stretching for around 14 miles (23 km) between <a href="/wiki/Cardiff" title="Cardiff">Cardiff</a> and <a href="/wiki/Porthcawl" title="Porthcawl">Porthcawl</a>, the remarkable layers of these cliffs, situated on the <a href="/wiki/Bristol_Channel" title="Bristol Channel">Bristol Channel</a> are a rhythmic decimetre scale repetition of limestone and <a href="/wiki/Mudstone" title="Mudstone">mudstone</a> formed as a late Triassic desert was inundated by the sea.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life">Life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Early_Jurassic&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ammonites">Ammonites</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Early_Jurassic&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Ammonites"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During this period, <a href="/wiki/Ammonoid" class="mw-redirect" title="Ammonoid">ammonoids</a>, which had almost died out at the end-of-Triassic extinction, radiated out into a huge diversity of new forms with complex suture patterns (the ammonites proper). Ammonites evolved so rapidly, and their shells are so often preserved, that they serve as important <a href="/wiki/Zone_fossil" class="mw-redirect" title="Zone fossil">zone fossils</a>. There were several distinct waves of ammonite evolution in Europe alone.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Marine_reptiles">Marine reptiles</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Early_Jurassic&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Marine reptiles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Early Jurassic was an important time in the evolution of the marine reptiles. The Hettangian saw the already existing <a href="/wiki/Rhaetian" title="Rhaetian">Rhaetian</a> <a href="/wiki/Ichthyosaur" class="mw-redirect" title="Ichthyosaur">ichthyosaurs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Plesiosaur" title="Plesiosaur">plesiosaurs</a> continuing to flourish, while at the same time a number of new types of these <a href="/wiki/Marine_reptile" title="Marine reptile">marine reptiles</a> appeared, such as <i><a href="/wiki/Ichthyosaurus" title="Ichthyosaurus">Ichthyosaurus</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Temnodontosaurus" title="Temnodontosaurus">Temnodontosaurus</a></i> among the ichthyosaurs, and <i><a href="/wiki/Eurycleidus" title="Eurycleidus">Eurycleidus</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Macroplata" title="Macroplata">Macroplata</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Rhomaleosaurus" title="Rhomaleosaurus">Rhomaleosaurus</a></i> among the plesiosaurs (all <a href="/wiki/Rhomaleosauridae" title="Rhomaleosauridae">Rhomaleosauridae</a>, although as currently defined this group is probably <a href="/wiki/Paraphyletic" class="mw-redirect" title="Paraphyletic">paraphyletic</a>). All these plesiosaurs had medium-sized necks and large heads. In the <a href="/wiki/Toarcian" title="Toarcian">Toarcian</a>, at the end of the Early Jurassic, the <a href="/wiki/Thalattosuchia" title="Thalattosuchia">thalattosuchians</a> (marine "<a href="/wiki/Crocodylomorpha" title="Crocodylomorpha">crocodiles</a>") appeared, as did new <a href="/wiki/Genus" title="Genus">genera</a> of ichthyosaurs (<i><a href="/wiki/Stenopterygius" title="Stenopterygius">Stenopterygius</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Eurhinosaurus" title="Eurhinosaurus">Eurhinosaurus</a></i>, and the persistently primitive <i><a href="/wiki/Suevoleviathan" title="Suevoleviathan">Suevoleviathan</a></i>) and plesiosaurs (the <a href="/wiki/Elasmosauridae" title="Elasmosauridae">elasmosaurs</a> (long-necked) <i><a href="/wiki/Microcleidus" title="Microcleidus">Microcleidus</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Occitanosaurus" class="mw-redirect" title="Occitanosaurus">Occitanosaurus</a></i>, and the <a href="/wiki/Pliosauridae" title="Pliosauridae">pliosaur</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Hauffiosaurus" title="Hauffiosaurus">Hauffiosaurus</a></i>).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="Citation needed for the entire above section, where none are provided (February 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Terrestrial_animals">Terrestrial animals</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Early_Jurassic&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Terrestrial animals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ciechocinek_Formation_Reconstruction.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Ciechocinek_Formation_Reconstruction.jpg/350px-Ciechocinek_Formation_Reconstruction.jpg" decoding="async" width="350" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Ciechocinek_Formation_Reconstruction.jpg/525px-Ciechocinek_Formation_Reconstruction.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Ciechocinek_Formation_Reconstruction.jpg/700px-Ciechocinek_Formation_Reconstruction.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4307" data-file-height="2344" /></a><figcaption>Terrestrial environment of the Pliensbachian-Toarcian boundary Fennoscandinavia, with flora based on the <a href="/wiki/Sorthat_Formation" title="Sorthat Formation">Sorthat Formation</a>. Dinosaurs are based on material found on various locations of the German realm of the <a href="/wiki/Ciechocinek_Formation" title="Ciechocinek Formation">Ciechocinek Formation</a> and on lesser extent, footprints of the <a href="/wiki/Drzewica_Formation" title="Drzewica Formation">Drzewica Formation</a></figcaption></figure> <p>On land, a number of new types of dinosaurs—the <a href="/wiki/Heterodontosauridae" title="Heterodontosauridae">heterodontosaurids</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scelidosaurus" title="Scelidosaurus">scelidosaurs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stegosaur" class="mw-redirect" title="Stegosaur">stegosaurs</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tetanurae" title="Tetanurae">tetanurans</a>—appeared, and joined those groups like the <a href="/wiki/Coelophysoidea" title="Coelophysoidea">coelophysoids</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prosauropoda" class="mw-redirect" title="Prosauropoda">prosauropods</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Sauropod" class="mw-redirect" title="Sauropod">sauropods</a> that had continued over from the Triassic. Accompanying them as small carnivores were the <a href="/wiki/Sphenosuchia" title="Sphenosuchia">sphenosuchian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Protosuchus" title="Protosuchus">protosuchid</a> crocodilians. In the air, new types of <a href="/wiki/Pterosaur" title="Pterosaur">pterosaurs</a> replaced those that had died out at the end of the Triassic. But in the undergrowth were various types of early mammals, as well as <a href="/wiki/Tritylodontidae" title="Tritylodontidae">tritylodont</a> <a href="/wiki/Synapsid" class="mw-redirect" title="Synapsid">synapsids</a>, lizard-like <a href="/wiki/Sphenodontia" class="mw-redirect" title="Sphenodontia">sphenodonts</a>, and early <a href="/wiki/Lissamphibia" title="Lissamphibia">lissamphibians</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="Citation needed for the entire above section, where none are provided (February 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Early_Jurassic&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span 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class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Early_Jurassic&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output 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a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://stratigraphy.org/ICSchart/ChronostratChart2022-10.pdf">"International Chronostratigraphic Chart"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. International Commission on Stratigraphy.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=International+Chronostratigraphic+Chart&rft.pub=International+Commission+on+Stratigraphy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstratigraphy.org%2FICSchart%2FChronostratChart2022-10.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEarly+Jurassic" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHillebrandtKrystynKürschnerBonis2013" class="citation journal cs1">Hillebrandt, A.v.; Krystyn, L.; Kürschner, W.M.; Bonis, N.R.; Ruhl, M.; Richoz, S.; Schobben, M. A. N.; Urlichs, M.; Bown, P.R.; Kment, K.; McRoberts, C.A.; Simms, M.; Tomãsových, A (September 2013). "The Global Stratotype Sections and Point (GSSP) for the base of the Jurassic System at Kuhjoch (Karwendel Mountains, Northern Calcareous Alps, Tyrol, Austria)". <i>Episodes</i>. <b>36</b> (3): 162–198. <a href="/wiki/CiteSeerX_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="CiteSeerX (identifier)">CiteSeerX</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.736.9905">10.1.1.736.9905</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.18814%2Fepiiugs%2F2013%2Fv36i3%2F001">10.18814/epiiugs/2013/v36i3/001</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:128552062">128552062</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Episodes&rft.atitle=The+Global+Stratotype+Sections+and+Point+%28GSSP%29+for+the+base+of+the+Jurassic+System+at+Kuhjoch+%28Karwendel+Mountains%2C+Northern+Calcareous+Alps%2C+Tyrol%2C+Austria%29&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=162-198&rft.date=2013-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fciteseerx.ist.psu.edu%2Fviewdoc%2Fsummary%3Fdoi%3D10.1.1.736.9905%23id-name%3DCiteSeerX&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A128552062%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.18814%2Fepiiugs%2F2013%2Fv36i3%2F001&rft.aulast=Hillebrandt&rft.aufirst=A.v.&rft.au=Krystyn%2C+L.&rft.au=K%C3%BCrschner%2C+W.M.&rft.au=Bonis%2C+N.R.&rft.au=Ruhl%2C+M.&rft.au=Richoz%2C+S.&rft.au=Schobben%2C+M.+A.+N.&rft.au=Urlichs%2C+M.&rft.au=Bown%2C+P.R.&rft.au=Kment%2C+K.&rft.au=McRoberts%2C+C.A.&rft.au=Simms%2C+M.&rft.au=Tom%C3%A3sov%C3%BDch%2C+A&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEarly+Jurassic" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrestaGoyAriasBarrón2001" class="citation journal cs1">Cresta, S.; Goy, A.; Arias, C.; Barrón, E.; Bernad, J.; Canales, M.; García-Joral, F.; García-Romero, E; Gialanella, P.; Gómez, J.; González, J.; Herrero, C.; Martínez2, G.; Osete, M.; Perilli, N.; Villalaín, J. (September 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timescalefoundation.org/references/Aalenian.pdf">"The Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) of the Toarcian-Aalenian Boundary (Lower-Middle Jurassic)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Episodes</i>. <b>24</b> (3): 166–175. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.18814%2Fepiiugs%2F2001%2Fv24i3%2F003">10.18814/epiiugs/2001/v24i3/003</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Episodes&rft.atitle=The+Global+Boundary+Stratotype+Section+and+Point+%28GSSP%29+of+the+Toarcian-Aalenian+Boundary+%28Lower-Middle+Jurassic%29&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=166-175&rft.date=2001-09&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.18814%2Fepiiugs%2F2001%2Fv24i3%2F003&rft.aulast=Cresta&rft.aufirst=S.&rft.au=Goy%2C+A.&rft.au=Arias%2C+C.&rft.au=Barr%C3%B3n%2C+E.&rft.au=Bernad%2C+J.&rft.au=Canales%2C+M.&rft.au=Garc%C3%ADa-Joral%2C+F.&rft.au=Garc%C3%ADa-Romero%2C+E&rft.au=Gialanella%2C+P.&rft.au=G%C3%B3mez%2C+J.&rft.au=Gonz%C3%A1lez%2C+J.&rft.au=Herrero%2C+C.&rft.au=Mart%C3%ADnez2%2C+G.&rft.au=Osete%2C+M.&rft.au=Perilli%2C+N.&rft.au=Villala%C3%ADn%2C+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimescalefoundation.org%2Freferences%2FAalenian.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEarly+Jurassic" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rudwick, M.J.S (1992): Scenes from Deep Time: Early Pictorial Representations of the Prehistoric World, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago_Press" title="University of Chicago Press">University of Chicago Press</a>, 280 pages. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=eM0xUqbjzs0C">Except</a> from Google Books</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EB1911-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Lias"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Lias">"Lias" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 16 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 533.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Lias&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=533&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEarly+Jurassic" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jurassic.earth.ox.ac.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0013/10615/ISJS_Newsletter_No_35_pt_1.pdf">International Subcommission on Jurassic Stratigraphy. Newsletter 35/1, December 2008, Edited by Nicol Morton and Stephen Hesselbo</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150128115142/http://jurassic.earth.ox.ac.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0013/10615/ISJS_Newsletter_No_35_pt_1.pdf">Archived</a> 2015-01-28 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Howe, S., Owen, G. & Sharpe, T. 2005 <i>Walking the Rocks</i> <a href="/wiki/South_Wales_Geologists%27_Association" title="South Wales Geologists' Association">Geologists' Association - South Wales Group</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See e.g. Davies, 1920, pp. 173–75</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Early_Jurassic&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A._Morley_Davies" title="A. Morley Davies">Davies, A. M.</a>, <i>An Introduction to Palaeontology</i>, Thomas Murby & Co., London</li> <li>House, M.R. (1993) <i>Geology of The Dorset Coast</i>, The Geologists' Association.</li> <li>Simms, M.J., Chidlaw, N., Morton, N. and Page, K.N. (2004) <i>British Lower Jurassic Stratigraphy</i>, Geological Conservation Review Series, No. 30, Joint Nature Conservation Committee, Peterborough.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Early_Jurassic&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100314061904/http://www.palaeos.com/Mesozoic/Jurassic/EarlyJura.html">Early Jurassic Period – The Lias epoch</a>. Palaeos – overall presentation.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060222032708/http://rainbow.ldgo.columbia.edu/courses/v1001/12.html">Lecture 12 – Early Jurassic</a>. Informative lecture notes by <a href="/wiki/Paul_E._Olsen" title="Paul E. Olsen">Paul Olsen</a>.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Jurassic_footer" title="Template:Jurassic footer"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Jurassic_footer" title="Template talk:Jurassic footer"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Jurassic_footer" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Jurassic footer"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Jurassic_Period" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Jurassic" title="Jurassic">Jurassic Period</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-off hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;border: none;;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:100%;border-collapse: collapse;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="font-weight:bold;background-color: #ffffff; border-style:solid; border-width: 0 2px 2px 2px; border-color:rgb(52,178,201); text-align:center;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lower/Early Jurassic</a></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;background-color: #ffffff; border-style:solid; border-width: 0 2px 2px 2px; border-color:rgb(52,178,201); text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Middle_Jurassic" title="Middle Jurassic">Middle Jurassic</a></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;background-color: #ffffff; border-style:solid; border-width: 0 2px 2px 2px; border-color:rgb(52,178,201); text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Late_Jurassic" title="Late Jurassic">Upper/Late Jurassic</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;background-color: #ffffff; border-style:solid; border-width: 2px 0 0 0; border-color:rgb(52,178,201); text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hettangian" title="Hettangian">Hettangian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinemurian" title="Sinemurian">Sinemurian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pliensbachian" title="Pliensbachian">Pliensbachian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toarcian" title="Toarcian">Toarcian</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;background-color: #ffffff; border-style:solid; border-width: 2px 0 0 0; border-color:rgb(52,178,201); text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aalenian" title="Aalenian">Aalenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bajocian" title="Bajocian">Bajocian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bathonian" title="Bathonian">Bathonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Callovian" title="Callovian">Callovian</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;background-color: #ffffff; border-style:solid; border-width: 2px 0 0 0; border-color:rgb(52,178,201); text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oxfordian_(stage)" title="Oxfordian (stage)">Oxfordian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimmeridgian" title="Kimmeridgian">Kimmeridgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tithonian" title="Tithonian">Tithonian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Geological_history_of_Earth" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Geological_history_of_Earth" title="Template:Geological history of Earth"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Geological_history_of_Earth" title="Template talk:Geological history of Earth"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Geological_history_of_Earth" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Geological history of Earth"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Geological_history_of_Earth" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Geological_history_of_Earth" title="Geological history of Earth">Geological history of Earth</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cenozoic" title="Cenozoic">Cenozoic Era<br /><span class="nobold">(present–66.0 Ma)</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:26ch"><a href="/wiki/Quaternary" title="Quaternary">Quaternary <span class="nobold">(present–2.58 Ma)</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holocene" title="Holocene">Holocene (present–11.7 ka)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pleistocene" title="Pleistocene">Pleistocene (11.7 ka–2.58 Ma)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:26ch"><a href="/wiki/Neogene" title="Neogene">Neogene <span class="nobold">(2.58–23.0 Ma)</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pliocene" title="Pliocene">Pliocene (2.59–5.33 Ma)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miocene" title="Miocene">Miocene (5.33–23.0 Ma)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:26ch"><a href="/wiki/Paleogene" title="Paleogene">Paleogene <span class="nobold">(23.0–66.0 Ma)</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oligocene" title="Oligocene">Oligocene (23.0–33.9 Ma)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eocene" title="Eocene">Eocene (33.9–56.0 Ma)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleocene" title="Paleocene">Paleocene (56.0–66.0 Ma)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mesozoic" title="Mesozoic">Mesozoic Era<br /><span class="nobold">(66.0–252 Ma)</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:26ch"><a href="/wiki/Cretaceous" title="Cretaceous">Cretaceous <span class="nobold">(66.0–145 Ma)</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Late_Cretaceous" title="Late Cretaceous">Late (66.0–100 Ma)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Cretaceous" title="Early Cretaceous">Early (100–145 Ma)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:26ch"><a href="/wiki/Jurassic" title="Jurassic">Jurassic <span class="nobold">(145–201 Ma)</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Late_Jurassic" title="Late Jurassic">Late (145–164 Ma)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Jurassic" title="Middle Jurassic">Middle (164–174 Ma)</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Early (174–201 Ma)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:26ch"><a href="/wiki/Triassic" title="Triassic">Triassic <span class="nobold">(201–252 Ma)</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Late_Triassic" title="Late Triassic">Late (201–237 Ma)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Triassic" title="Middle Triassic">Middle (237–247 Ma)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Triassic" title="Early Triassic">Early (247–252 Ma)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Paleozoic" title="Paleozoic">Paleozoic Era<br /><span class="nobold">(252–539 Ma)</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:26ch"><a href="/wiki/Permian" title="Permian">Permian <span class="nobold">(252–299 Ma)</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lopingian" title="Lopingian">Lopingian (252–260 Ma)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guadalupian" title="Guadalupian">Guadalupian (260–272 Ma)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cisuralian" title="Cisuralian">Cisuralian (272–299 Ma)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:26ch"><a href="/wiki/Carboniferous" title="Carboniferous">Carboniferous <span class="nobold">(299–359 Ma)</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvanian_(geology)" title="Pennsylvanian (geology)">Pennsylvanian (299–323 Ma)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mississippian_(geology)" title="Mississippian (geology)">Mississippian (323–359 Ma)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:26ch"><a href="/wiki/Devonian" title="Devonian">Devonian <span class="nobold">(359–419 Ma)</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Late_Devonian" class="mw-redirect" title="Late Devonian">Late (359–383 Ma)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Devonian" title="Middle Devonian">Middle (383–393 Ma)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Devonian" title="Early Devonian">Early (393–419 Ma)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:26ch"><a href="/wiki/Silurian" title="Silurian">Silurian <span class="nobold">(419–444 Ma)</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pridoli_Epoch" title="Pridoli Epoch">Pridoli (419–423 Ma)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludlow_Epoch" title="Ludlow Epoch">Ludlow (423–427 Ma)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wenlock_Epoch" title="Wenlock Epoch">Wenlock (427–433 Ma)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llandovery_Epoch" title="Llandovery Epoch">Llandovery (433–444 Ma)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:26ch"><a href="/wiki/Ordovician" title="Ordovician">Ordovician <span class="nobold">(444–485 Ma)</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Late_Ordovician" title="Late Ordovician">Late (444–458 Ma)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Ordovician" class="mw-redirect" title="Middle Ordovician">Middle (458–470 Ma)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Ordovician" title="Early Ordovician">Early (470–485 Ma)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:26ch"><a href="/wiki/Cambrian" title="Cambrian">Cambrian <span class="nobold">(485–539 Ma)</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Furongian" title="Furongian">Furongian (485–497 Ma)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miaolingian" title="Miaolingian">Miaolingian (497–509 Ma)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambrian_Series_2" title="Cambrian Series 2">Series 2 (509–521 Ma)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terreneuvian" title="Terreneuvian">Terreneuvian (521–539 Ma)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Proterozoic" title="Proterozoic">Proterozoic Eon<br /><span class="nobold">(539 Ma–2.5 Ga)</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:26ch"><a href="/wiki/Neoproterozoic" title="Neoproterozoic">Neoproterozoic <span class="nobold">(539 Ma–1 Ga)</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ediacaran" title="Ediacaran">Ediacaran (539–635 Ma)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cryogenian" title="Cryogenian">Cryogenian (635–720 Ma)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonian" title="Tonian">Tonian (720 Ma–1 Ga)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:26ch"><a href="/wiki/Mesoproterozoic" title="Mesoproterozoic">Mesoproterozoic <span class="nobold">(1–1.6 Ga)</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stenian" title="Stenian">Stenian (1–1.2 Ga)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ectasian" title="Ectasian">Ectasian (1.2–1.4 Ga)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calymmian" title="Calymmian">Calymmian (1.4–1.6 Ga)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:26ch"><a href="/wiki/Paleoproterozoic" title="Paleoproterozoic">Paleoproterozoic <span class="nobold">(1.6–2.5 Ga)</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Statherian" title="Statherian">Statherian (1.6–1.8 Ga)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orosirian" title="Orosirian">Orosirian (1.8–2.05 Ga)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhyacian" title="Rhyacian">Rhyacian (2.05–2.3 Ga)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siderian" title="Siderian">Siderian (2.3–2.5 Ga)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Archean" title="Archean">Archean Eon <span class="nobold">(2.5–4 Ga)</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neoarchean" title="Neoarchean">Neoarchean (2.5–2.8 Ga)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesoarchean" title="Mesoarchean">Mesoarchean (2.8–3.2 Ga)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleoarchean" title="Paleoarchean">Paleoarchean (3.2–3.6 Ga)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eoarchean" title="Eoarchean">Eoarchean (3.6–4 Ga)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hadean" title="Hadean">Hadean Eon <span class="nobold">(4–4.6 Ga)</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Year#SI_prefix_multipliers" title="Year">ka</a> = kiloannum (thousand years ago); <a href="/wiki/Year#SI_prefix_multipliers" title="Year">Ma</a> = megaannum (million years ago); <a href="/wiki/Year#SI_prefix_multipliers" title="Year">Ga</a> = gigaannum (billion years ago).<br /> <i>See also:</i> <a href="/wiki/Geologic_time_scale" title="Geologic time scale">Geologic time scale</a>  •  <span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:WikiProject_Geology.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/WikiProject_Geology.svg/16px-WikiProject_Geology.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/WikiProject_Geology.svg/24px-WikiProject_Geology.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/WikiProject_Geology.svg/32px-WikiProject_Geology.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="327" data-file-height="328" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Geology" title="Portal:Geology">Geology portal</a>  •  <span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a 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