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id="toc-Physics_of_track_cant" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Physics_of_track_cant"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Physics of track cant</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Physics_of_track_cant-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Examples" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Examples"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Examples</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Examples-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rail_cant" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rail_cant"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Rail cant</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rail_cant-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Roads" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 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also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div 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class="mw-page-title-main">Cant (road and rail)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peralt" title="Peralt – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Peralt" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Cberh%C3%B6hung" title="Überhöhung – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Überhöhung" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peralte" title="Peralte – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Peralte" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9vers" title="Dévers – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Dévers" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%BA%94%ED%8A%B8_(%EB%85%B8%EC%84%A0)" title="캔트 (노선) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="캔트 (노선)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2" title="ढाल – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ढाल" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sopraelevazione_ferroviaria" title="Sopraelevazione ferroviaria – Italian" 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(road/rail)</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Rate of change in elevation between the two rails or edges of a road</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Cant_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Cant (disambiguation)">Cant (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Track_cycling_2005.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Track_cycling_2005.jpg/220px-Track_cycling_2005.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Track_cycling_2005.jpg/330px-Track_cycling_2005.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Track_cycling_2005.jpg/440px-Track_cycling_2005.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption><i>Cant</i> in a <a href="/wiki/Velodrome" title="Velodrome">velodrome</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>cant</b> of a <a href="/wiki/Rail_transport" title="Rail transport">railway</a> track or <a href="/wiki/Camber_angle" title="Camber angle">camber</a> of a road (also referred to as <b>superelevation</b>, <a href="/wiki/Cross_slope" title="Cross slope">cross slope</a> or <b>cross fall</b>) is the rate of change in elevation (height) between the two rails or edges of the road. This is normally greater where the railway or road is curved; raising the outer rail or the outer edge of the road creates a <a href="/wiki/Banked_turn" title="Banked turn">banked turn</a>, thus allowing vehicles to travel round the curve at greater speeds than would be possible if the surface were level. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rail">Rail</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cant_(road_and_rail)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Rail"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Railway_track" title="Railway track">Railway track</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Cant_deficiency" title="Cant deficiency">Cant deficiency</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%C3%9Cberh%C3%B6hung_NBS.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/%C3%9Cberh%C3%B6hung_NBS.jpg/220px-%C3%9Cberh%C3%B6hung_NBS.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/%C3%9Cberh%C3%B6hung_NBS.jpg/330px-%C3%9Cberh%C3%B6hung_NBS.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/%C3%9Cberh%C3%B6hung_NBS.jpg/440px-%C3%9Cberh%C3%B6hung_NBS.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="667" /></a><figcaption>The cant in a curve of the <a href="/wiki/Nuremberg%E2%80%93Ingolstadt_high-speed_railway" title="Nuremberg–Ingolstadt high-speed railway">Nuremberg–Ingolstadt line</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rail_track_lubricator.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Rail_track_lubricator.jpg/220px-Rail_track_lubricator.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Rail_track_lubricator.jpg/330px-Rail_track_lubricator.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Rail_track_lubricator.jpg/440px-Rail_track_lubricator.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="337" /></a><figcaption>Track lubrication device on a <a href="/wiki/Reverse_curve" title="Reverse curve">reverse curve</a> in an area prone to movement due to wet beds</figcaption></figure> <p>Superelevation in Railway Tracks </p><p>Importance of Superelevation </p><p>In curved railway tracks, the outer rail is elevated, providing a banked turn. This allows trains to navigate curves at higher speeds and reduces the pressure of the wheel flanges against the rails, minimizing friction and wear. The difference in elevation between the outer and inner rails is referred to as cant in most countries. </p><p>How Superelevation Works </p><p>On horizontal curves, the radius of the curve (R) decreases, increasing the centrifugal force acting outward on the outer wheel. Superelevation counteracts this force by raising the outer edge of the track relative to the inner edge, ensuring stability and safety for trains navigating the curve. </p><p>On railways, cant helps a train steer around a curve, keeping the wheel flanges from touching the rails, minimizing friction, wear and <a href="/wiki/Rail_squeal" class="mw-redirect" title="Rail squeal">rail squeal</a>. </p><p>The main functions of cant are the following: </p> <ul><li>Improve distribution of the load across both rails</li> <li>Reduce wear on rails and wheels</li> <li>Neutralize the effect of lateral forces</li> <li>Improve passenger comfort</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Series-E257-M103.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Series-E257-M103.jpg/220px-Series-E257-M103.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Series-E257-M103.jpg/330px-Series-E257-M103.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Series-E257-M103.jpg/440px-Series-E257-M103.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2023" data-file-height="1344" /></a><figcaption>A Series 257 train on an S-curve in June 2018 showing the effect of railway superelevation</figcaption></figure> <p>The necessary cant in a curve depends on the expected speed of the trains and the <a href="/wiki/Radius" title="Radius">radius</a>. However, it may be necessary to select a compromise value at design time, for example if slow-moving trains may occasionally use tracks intended for <a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail" title="High-speed rail">high-speed trains</a>. </p><p>Generally the aim is for trains to run without <a href="/wiki/Flange" title="Flange">flange</a> contact, which also depends on the <a href="/wiki/Train_wheel#Tire" title="Train wheel">tire profile</a> of the wheels. Allowance has to be made for the different speeds of trains. Slower trains will tend to make flange contact with the inner rail on curves, while faster trains will tend to ride outwards and make contact with the outer rail. Either contact causes <a href="/wiki/Wear_and_tear" title="Wear and tear">wear and tear</a> and may lead to <a href="/wiki/Derailment" title="Derailment">derailment</a>. Many high-speed lines do not permit slower freight trains, particularly with heavier <a href="/wiki/Axle_load" title="Axle load">axle loads</a>. In some cases, the impact is reduced by the use of flange <a href="/wiki/Lubrication" title="Lubrication">lubrication</a>. </p><p>Ideally, the track should have sleepers (<a href="/wiki/Railroad_tie" title="Railroad tie">railroad ties</a>) at a closer spacing and a greater depth of <a href="/wiki/Track_ballast" title="Track ballast">ballast</a> to accommodate the increased forces exerted in the curve. </p><p>At the ends of a curve, the amount of cant cannot change from zero to its maximum immediately. It must change (<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ramp" class="extiw" title="wikt:ramp">ramp</a>) gradually in a <a href="/wiki/Track_transition_curve" title="Track transition curve">track transition curve</a>. The length of the transition depends on the maximum allowable speed; the higher the speed, the greater length is required. </p><p>For the United States, with a standard maximum unbalanced superelevation of 75 mm (3 in), the formula is this: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle v_{max}={\sqrt {\frac {E_{a}+3}{0.00066d}}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>v</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>m</mi> <mi>a</mi> <mi>x</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msqrt> <mfrac> <mrow> <msub> <mi>E</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>a</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>0.00066</mn> <mi>d</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </msqrt> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle v_{max}={\sqrt {\frac {E_{a}+3}{0.00066d}}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/1ad6a6db6729560f01cb84f60af518316f3ddde7" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.338ex; width:19.708ex; height:6.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle v_{max}={\sqrt {\frac {E_{a}+3}{0.00066d}}}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>where <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle E_{a}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>E</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>a</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle E_{a}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/46a5c4699f75d498b504e59bfd8b5496aa20351a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.817ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle E_{a}}"></span> is the superelevation in inches, <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle d}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>d</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle d}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/e85ff03cbe0c7341af6b982e47e9f90d235c66ab" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.216ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle d}"></span> is the curvature of the track in degrees per 100 feet, and <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle v_{max}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>v</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>m</mi> <mi>a</mi> <mi>x</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle v_{max}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/2eacb902f6aa3f585e95717eea406b35c45ead73" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:4.612ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle v_{max}}"></span> the maximum speed in MPH. </p><p>The maximum value of cant (the height of the outer rail above the inner rail) for a <a href="/wiki/Standard_gauge" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard gauge">standard gauge</a> railway is approximately 150 mm (6 in).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2007)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> For high-speed railways in Europe, maximum cant is 180 mm (7 in) when slow freight trains are not allowed.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Track unbalanced superelevation (<a href="/wiki/Cant_deficiency" title="Cant deficiency">cant deficiency</a>) in the United States is restricted to 75 mm (3 in), though 102 mm (4.0 in) is permissible by waiver. The maximum value for European railways varies by country, some of which have curves with over 280 mm (11 in) of unbalanced superelevation to permit high-speed transportation. The highest values are only for <a href="/wiki/Tilting_train" title="Tilting train">tilting trains</a>, because it would be too uncomfortable for passengers in conventional train cars.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Physics_of_track_cant">Physics of track cant</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cant_(road_and_rail)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Physics of track cant"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ideally, the amount of cant <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle E_{a}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>E</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>a</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle E_{a}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/46a5c4699f75d498b504e59bfd8b5496aa20351a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.817ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle E_{a}}"></span>, given the speed <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle v}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>v</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle v}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/e07b00e7fc0847fbd16391c778d65bc25c452597" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.128ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle v}"></span> of a train, the radius of curvature <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle r}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>r</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle r}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/0d1ecb613aa2984f0576f70f86650b7c2a132538" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.049ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle r}"></span> and the gauge <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle w}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>w</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle w}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/88b1e0c8e1be5ebe69d18a8010676fa42d7961e6" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.664ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle w}"></span> of the track, the relation </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle v^{2}={\frac {E_{a}rg}{\sqrt {w^{2}-E_{a}^{2}}}}\approx {\frac {E_{a}rg}{w}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msup> <mi>v</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <msub> <mi>E</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>a</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mi>r</mi> <mi>g</mi> </mrow> <msqrt> <msup> <mi>w</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo>−</mo> <msubsup> <mi>E</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>a</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msubsup> </msqrt> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>≈</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <msub> <mi>E</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>a</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mi>r</mi> <mi>g</mi> </mrow> <mi>w</mi> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle v^{2}={\frac {E_{a}rg}{\sqrt {w^{2}-E_{a}^{2}}}}\approx {\frac {E_{a}rg}{w}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/c46e20e6ad22076ec1fde5cfa15e344b70222400" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -3.171ex; width:25.763ex; height:6.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle v^{2}={\frac {E_{a}rg}{\sqrt {w^{2}-E_{a}^{2}}}}\approx {\frac {E_{a}rg}{w}}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>must be fulfilled, with <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle g}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>g</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle g}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/d3556280e66fe2c0d0140df20935a6f057381d77" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.116ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle g}"></span> the gravitational acceleration. This follows simply from a balance between weight, centrifugal force, and normal force. In the approximation it is assumed that the cant is small compared to the gauge of the track. It is often convenient to define the <i>unbalanced cant</i> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle E_{u}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>E</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>u</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle E_{u}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/97b37e82ac99fb0fa6ee3c10d7cd43966c508e77" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.888ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle E_{u}}"></span> as the maximum allowed additional amount of cant that would be required by a train moving faster than the speed for which the cant was designed, setting the maximum allowed speed <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle v_{max}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>v</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>m</mi> <mi>a</mi> <mi>x</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle v_{max}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/2eacb902f6aa3f585e95717eea406b35c45ead73" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:4.612ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle v_{max}}"></span>. In a formula this becomes </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle v_{max}\approx {\sqrt {\frac {(E_{a}+E_{u})rg}{w}}}={\sqrt {\frac {(E_{a}+E_{u})g}{dw}}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>v</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>m</mi> <mi>a</mi> <mi>x</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>≈</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msqrt> <mfrac> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msub> <mi>E</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>a</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>E</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>u</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mi>r</mi> <mi>g</mi> </mrow> <mi>w</mi> </mfrac> </msqrt> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msqrt> <mfrac> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msub> <mi>E</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>a</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>E</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>u</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mi>g</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mi>w</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </msqrt> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle v_{max}\approx {\sqrt {\frac {(E_{a}+E_{u})rg}{w}}}={\sqrt {\frac {(E_{a}+E_{u})g}{dw}}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/0bec6d21b05c41a2147bdb3f9cdce82ce87814ac" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.838ex; width:41.119ex; height:7.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle v_{max}\approx {\sqrt {\frac {(E_{a}+E_{u})rg}{w}}}={\sqrt {\frac {(E_{a}+E_{u})g}{dw}}}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>with <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle d=1/r}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>d</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>/</mo> </mrow> <mi>r</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle d=1/r}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/22868a1211ae1309eec39c34c459b375c79fb0e0" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:7.688ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle d=1/r}"></span> the curvature of the track, which is also the turn in radians per unit length of track. </p><p>In the United States, maximum speed is subject to specific rules. When filling in <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle g=32.17\,\mathrm {ft/s^{2}} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>g</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>32.17</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">f</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">t</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>/</mo> </mrow> <msup> <mi mathvariant="normal">s</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle g=32.17\,\mathrm {ft/s^{2}} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/51c154eb2f7a7944ea115064d73a78fd210232ce" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:14.801ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle g=32.17\,\mathrm {ft/s^{2}} }"></span>, <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle w=56.5\,\mathrm {in} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>w</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>56.5</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">i</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">n</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle w=56.5\,\mathrm {in} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/83363e316985ba9e1f3a286cd63b16b77b47ec08" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:11.223ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle w=56.5\,\mathrm {in} }"></span> and the conversion factors for US customary units, the maximum speed of a train on curved track for a given cant deficiency or unbalanced superelevation is determined by the following formula: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle v_{max}\approx {\frac {3600}{63360}}{\sqrt {\frac {32.17\cdot 12(E_{a}+E_{u})}{56.5\cdot d{\frac {\pi }{1200\cdot 180}}}}}\approx {\sqrt {\frac {E_{a}+E_{u}}{0.00066d}}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>v</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>m</mi> <mi>a</mi> <mi>x</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>≈</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>3600</mn> <mn>63360</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msqrt> <mfrac> <mrow> <mn>32.17</mn> <mo>⋅</mo> <mn>12</mn> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msub> <mi>E</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>a</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>E</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>u</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>56.5</mn> <mo>⋅</mo> <mi>d</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mi>π</mi> <mrow> <mn>1200</mn> <mo>⋅</mo> <mn>180</mn> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </mrow> </mfrac> </msqrt> </mrow> <mo>≈</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msqrt> <mfrac> <mrow> <msub> <mi>E</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>a</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>E</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>u</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>0.00066</mn> <mi>d</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </msqrt> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle v_{max}\approx {\frac {3600}{63360}}{\sqrt {\frac {32.17\cdot 12(E_{a}+E_{u})}{56.5\cdot d{\frac {\pi }{1200\cdot 180}}}}}\approx {\sqrt {\frac {E_{a}+E_{u}}{0.00066d}}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/e445f7c3cb6c2c7936347621f42d603221cd65dc" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -3.505ex; width:52.27ex; height:7.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle v_{max}\approx {\frac {3600}{63360}}{\sqrt {\frac {32.17\cdot 12(E_{a}+E_{u})}{56.5\cdot d{\frac {\pi }{1200\cdot 180}}}}}\approx {\sqrt {\frac {E_{a}+E_{u}}{0.00066d}}}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>with <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle E_{a}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>E</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>a</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle E_{a}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/46a5c4699f75d498b504e59bfd8b5496aa20351a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.817ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle E_{a}}"></span> and <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle E_{u}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>E</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>u</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle E_{u}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/97b37e82ac99fb0fa6ee3c10d7cd43966c508e77" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.888ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle E_{u}}"></span> in inches, <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle d}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>d</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle d}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/e85ff03cbe0c7341af6b982e47e9f90d235c66ab" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.216ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle d}"></span> the <a href="/wiki/Degree_of_curvature" title="Degree of curvature">degree of curvature</a> in degrees per 100 feet and <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle v_{max}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>v</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>m</mi> <mi>a</mi> <mi>x</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle v_{max}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/2eacb902f6aa3f585e95717eea406b35c45ead73" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:4.612ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle v_{max}}"></span> in MPH. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Examples">Examples</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cant_(road_and_rail)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Examples"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Australia, the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Rail_Track_Corporation" title="Australian Rail Track Corporation">Australian Rail Track Corporation</a> is increasing speed around curves sharper than an 800-metre (2,625 ft) radius by replacing wooden sleepers with concrete ones so that the cant can be increased.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rail_cant">Rail cant</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cant_(road_and_rail)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Rail cant"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The rails themselves are now usually canted inwards by about 5 to 10 percent. </p><p>In 1925 about 15 of 36 major American railways had adopted this practice.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Roads">Roads<span class="anchor" id="Camber"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cant_(road_and_rail)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Roads"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Geometric_design_of_roads" title="Geometric design of roads">Geometric design of roads</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ellerker_Ave,_Doncaster_-_from_the_ground.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Ellerker_Ave%2C_Doncaster_-_from_the_ground.jpg/250px-Ellerker_Ave%2C_Doncaster_-_from_the_ground.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Ellerker_Ave%2C_Doncaster_-_from_the_ground.jpg/375px-Ellerker_Ave%2C_Doncaster_-_from_the_ground.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Ellerker_Ave%2C_Doncaster_-_from_the_ground.jpg/500px-Ellerker_Ave%2C_Doncaster_-_from_the_ground.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>Steeper cants or cambers are common on residential streets, allowing water to drain into the gutter.</figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Civil_engineering" title="Civil engineering">civil engineering</a>, cant is often referred to as <a href="/wiki/Cross_slope" title="Cross slope">cross slope</a> or camber. It helps rainwater drain from the road surface. Along straight or gently curved sections, the middle of the road is normally higher than the edges. This is called "normal crown" and helps shed <a href="/wiki/Rain" title="Rain">rainwater</a> off the sides of the road. During road works that involve lengths of temporary carriageway, the slope may be the opposite to normal – for example, with the outer edge higher – which causes vehicles to lean towards oncoming traffic. In the UK, this is indicated on warning signs as "adverse camber". </p><p>On more severe bends, the outside edge of the curve is raised, or <i>superelevated</i>, to help vehicles around the curve. The amount of superelevation increases with its <a href="/wiki/Design_speed" title="Design speed">design speed</a> and with curve sharpness. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Off-camber">Off-camber<span class="anchor" id="Off-camber_corner"></span><span class="anchor" id="Adverse_camber"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cant_(road_and_rail)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Off-camber"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Adverse_camber_UK_traffic_sign.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Adverse_camber_UK_traffic_sign.jpg/140px-Adverse_camber_UK_traffic_sign.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="205" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Adverse_camber_UK_traffic_sign.jpg/210px-Adverse_camber_UK_traffic_sign.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cb/Adverse_camber_UK_traffic_sign.jpg 2x" data-file-width="261" data-file-height="383" /></a><figcaption>Off-camber bend to the left (UK road sign)</figcaption></figure> <p>An <b>off-camber corner</b> is described as the opposite of a <a href="/wiki/Banked_turn" title="Banked turn">banked turn</a>, or a negative-bank turn, which is lower on the outside of a turn than on the inside.<sup id="cite_ref-Radlauer_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Radlauer-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Bentley_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bentley-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Off-camber corners are both feared and celebrated by skilled drivers.<sup id="cite_ref-Spinelli_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Spinelli-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Strouse_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Strouse-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Handling them is a major factor in skilled vehicle control, both single-track and automotive; both engine-powered and human-powered vehicles; both on and off closed courses; and both on and off paved surfaces.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>On race courses, they are one of a handful of engineering factors at the disposal of a course designer in order to challenge and test drivers' skills.<sup id="cite_ref-McMillan_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McMillan-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Off-camber corners were described by a training guide for prospective racers as "the hardest corners you will encounter" on the track.<sup id="cite_ref-Koch_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Koch-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many notable courses such as <a href="/wiki/Riverside_International_Raceway" title="Riverside International Raceway">Riverside International Raceway</a> combine off-camber corners with elevation and link corners for extra driver challenge.<sup id="cite_ref-Valkenberg_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Valkenberg-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On the street, they are a feature of some of the world's most celebrated paved roads, such as The <a href="/wiki/Deals_Gap" class="mw-redirect" title="Deals Gap">"Dragon" (US 129)</a> through Deals Gap<sup id="cite_ref-Cannon_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cannon-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/NC_226A" class="mw-redirect" title="NC 226A">"Diamondback" (NC 226A)</a> in North Carolina,<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ohio_State_Route_78" title="Ohio State Route 78">Route 78</a> in Ohio,<sup id="cite_ref-Harrison_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harrison-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Route_125" title="Pennsylvania Route 125">Route 125</a> in Pennsylvania,<sup id="cite_ref-Miller_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Miller-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/California_State_Route_33" title="California State Route 33">Route 33</a> in California,<sup id="cite_ref-Huffman_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Huffman-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Betws-y-Coed Triangle at <a href="/wiki/Snowdonia_National_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Snowdonia National Park">Snowdonia National Park</a> in Wales.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>To mountain bikers and motorcyclists on trails and dirt tracks, off-camber corners are also challenging, and can be either an engineered course feature, or a natural feature of single-track trails.<sup id="cite_ref-Dirt_Rider_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dirt_Rider-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MTB_Techniques_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MTB_Techniques-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Geall_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Geall-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Trevitt_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Trevitt-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Cyclocross" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyclocross">cyclocross</a>, off-camber sections are very common as the courses snake around ridges, adding difficulty. </p><p>Camber in virtual race circuits is carefully controlled by <a href="/wiki/Racing_video_game" class="mw-redirect" title="Racing video game">video game</a> <a href="/wiki/Simulation_video_game" title="Simulation video game">race simulators</a> to achieve the designer's desired level of difficulty.<sup id="cite_ref-McMillan_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McMillan-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cant_(road_and_rail)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banked_turn" title="Banked turn">Banked turn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camber_angle" title="Camber angle">Camber angle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Profilograph" class="mw-redirect" title="Profilograph">Profilograph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tilting_train" title="Tilting train">Tilting train</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cant_(road_and_rail)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">2002/732/EC. *, Commission Decision of May 30, 2002 concerning the Technical Specification for Interoperability</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFZierke" class="citation web cs1">Zierke, Hans-Joachim. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://Zierke.com/shasta_route/pages/05curve-curve.html">"Comparison of upgrades needs to recognize the difference in curve speeds"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 10,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Comparison+of+upgrades+needs+to+recognize+the+difference+in+curve+speeds&rft.aulast=Zierke&rft.aufirst=Hans-Joachim&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2FZierke.com%2Fshasta_route%2Fpages%2F05curve-curve.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACant+%28road+and+rail%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090929145144/http://www.artc.com.au/library/Links%2011.pdf">"North South – strategy for growth Craven AU$421.6 million Investment for Sydney Brisbane Corridor"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Links</i> (11). August 2005. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.artc.com/library/Links%2011.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on September 29, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 22,</span> 2012</span>. <q>Concrete re-sleepering of all curves of less than an 810-metre radius, using some 220,000 sleepers to increase cant deficiency and super-elevation, will be undertaken allowing for increased train speeds and further reducing transit times.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Links&rft.atitle=North+South+%E2%80%93+strategy+for+growth+Craven+AU%24421.6+million+Investment+for+Sydney+Brisbane+Corridor&rft.issue=11&rft.date=2005-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.artc.com%2Flibrary%2FLinks%252011.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACant+%28road+and+rail%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article25099255">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"KNOCK-KNEED" RAILS"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Queenslander" title="The Queenslander">The Queenslander</a></i>. February 7, 1925. p. 9<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 20,</span> 2011</span> – via National Library of Australia.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Queenslander&rft.atitle=%22KNOCK-KNEED%22+RAILS.&rft.pages=9&rft.date=1925-02-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnla.gov.au%2Fnla.news-article25099255&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACant+%28road+and+rail%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Radlauer-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Radlauer_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRadlauer1973" class="citation cs2">Radlauer, Ed (1973), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JZHoaESiG6YC"><i>Motorcyclopedia</i></a>, Bowmar, p. 46, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780837208855" title="Special:BookSources/9780837208855"><bdi>9780837208855</bdi></a>, <q>Off camber turn: An off camber turn is the opposite of a banked turn. It is lower on the outside of a turn than on the inside.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Motorcyclopedia&rft.pages=46&rft.pub=Bowmar&rft.date=1973&rft.isbn=9780837208855&rft.aulast=Radlauer&rft.aufirst=Ed&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJZHoaESiG6YC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACant+%28road+and+rail%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bentley-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bentley_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBentley1998" class="citation book cs1">Bentley, Ross (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qUUSdi976hgC&pg=PA78"><i>Speed Secrets</i></a>. Motorbooks. p. 78. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0760305188" title="Special:BookSources/978-0760305188"><bdi>978-0760305188</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Speed+Secrets&rft.pages=78&rft.pub=Motorbooks&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0760305188&rft.aulast=Bentley&rft.aufirst=Ross&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqUUSdi976hgC%26pg%3DPA78&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACant+%28road+and+rail%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Spinelli-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Spinelli_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMike_Spinelli2013" class="citation cs2">Mike Spinelli (July 26, 2013), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151012104524/http://drive.jalopnik.com/the-fastest-corners-at-mosport-are-off-camber-downhill-925417450">"The fastest corners at Mosport are off-camber, downhill and blind"</a>, <i>/Drive</i>, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://drive.jalopnik.com/the-fastest-corners-at-mosport-are-off-camber-downhill-925417450">the original</a> on October 12, 2015</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%2FDrive&rft.atitle=The+fastest+corners+at+Mosport+are+off-camber%2C+downhill+and+blind&rft.date=2013-07-26&rft.au=Mike+Spinelli&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdrive.jalopnik.com%2Fthe-fastest-corners-at-mosport-are-off-camber-downhill-925417450&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACant+%28road+and+rail%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Strouse-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Strouse_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrank_Strouse" class="citation cs2">Frank Strouse, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.motorcycleroads.us/roads/wa112.html">"State Route 112 – Washington"</a>, <i>Motorcycleroads.us</i>, Screaming Eagle Web Solutions, <q>Tight turns and some off-camber curves make this road a delight.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Motorcycleroads.us&rft.atitle=State+Route+112+%E2%80%93+Washington&rft.au=Frank+Strouse&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.motorcycleroads.us%2Froads%2Fwa112.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACant+%28road+and+rail%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-McMillan-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-McMillan_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McMillan_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLuke_McMillan2011" class="citation cs2">Luke McMillan (September 6, 2011), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gamasutra.com/view/feature/6477/a_rational_approach_to_racing_game_.php">"A Rational Approach To Racing Game Track Design"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Gamasutra" class="mw-redirect" title="Gamasutra">Gamasutra</a></i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Gamasutra&rft.atitle=A+Rational+Approach+To+Racing+Game+Track+Design&rft.date=2011-09-06&rft.au=Luke+McMillan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gamasutra.com%2Fview%2Ffeature%2F6477%2Fa_rational_approach_to_racing_game_.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACant+%28road+and+rail%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Koch-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Koch_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKenton_Koch2013" class="citation cs2">Kenton Koch (2013), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304114152/http://mazdamotorsports.com/webapp/wcs/stores/servlet/DisplayRacerStoryView?uniqueId=2415&storeId=10001&catalogId=10001">"Kenton Koch on Driving Technical Corners"</a>, <i>Mazdaspeed Motorsports Development</i>, Mazda North American Operations, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mazdamotorsports.com/webapp/wcs/stores/servlet/DisplayRacerStoryView?uniqueId=2415&storeId=10001&catalogId=10001">the original</a> on 2016-03-04<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-11-27</span></span>, <q>Off camber corners: These corners are the hardest corners you will encounter...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mazdaspeed+Motorsports+Development&rft.atitle=Kenton+Koch+on+Driving+Technical+Corners&rft.date=2013&rft.au=Kenton+Koch&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmazdamotorsports.com%2Fwebapp%2Fwcs%2Fstores%2Fservlet%2FDisplayRacerStoryView%3FuniqueId%3D2415%26storeId%3D10001%26catalogId%3D10001&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACant+%28road+and+rail%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Valkenberg-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Valkenberg_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVan_Valkenberg1983" class="citation cs2">Van Valkenberg, Paul (October 1983), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rR9QAAAAYAAJ">"What's It Really Like Out There?"</a>, <i>Road & Track</i>, <b>35</b>: 67–69, <q>Riverside International Raceway is a good example of a course with no isolated textbook turns: Every corner is either combined with another, or banked, off-camber, rising or falling.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Road+%26+Track&rft.atitle=What%27s+It+Really+Like+Out+There%3F&rft.volume=35&rft.pages=67-69&rft.date=1983-10&rft.aulast=Van+Valkenberg&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DrR9QAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACant+%28road+and+rail%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cannon-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Cannon_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDarryl_Cannon2012" class="citation cs2">Darryl Cannon (September 25, 2012), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200224130955/https://www.superstreetbike.com/features/deals-gap-revealed-tail-dragon">"Deals Gap Revealed—Tail of the Dragon"</a>, <i>Super Streetbike</i>, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.superstreetbike.com/features/deals-gap-revealed-tail-dragon">the original</a> on February 24, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 26,</span> 2014</span>, <q>[One of] the two worst corners [is] "Guardrail cliff", a sharp off-camber left ...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Super+Streetbike&rft.atitle=Deals+Gap+Revealed%E2%80%94Tail+of+the+Dragon&rft.date=2012-09-25&rft.au=Darryl+Cannon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.superstreetbike.com%2Ffeatures%2Fdeals-gap-revealed-tail-dragon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACant+%28road+and+rail%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScot_J._Marburger2011" class="citation cs2">Scot J. Marburger (2011), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gunsmoke.com/motorcycling/great_roads.html#Anchor-The-49575"><i>Top motorcycling roads: the Deep South</i></a>, Gunsmoke Engineering</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Top+motorcycling+roads%3A+the+Deep+South&rft.pub=Gunsmoke+Engineering&rft.date=2011&rft.au=Scot+J.+Marburger&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gunsmoke.com%2Fmotorcycling%2Fgreat_roads.html%23Anchor-The-49575&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACant+%28road+and+rail%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Harrison-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Harrison_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreg_Harrison2001" class="citation cs2">Greg Harrison (July 2001), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EvsDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA31">"Riding Roller-Coaster Roads on History's Trail"</a>, <i>American Motorcyclist</i>: 31–32, <q>[It] offers all types of curves—off-camber tight stuff, sweepers and esses that make me scramble from one side of the bike to the other while my foot stabs for the right gear.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Motorcyclist&rft.atitle=Riding+Roller-Coaster+Roads+on+History%27s+Trail&rft.pages=31-32&rft.date=2001-07&rft.au=Greg+Harrison&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEvsDAAAAMBAJ%26pg%3DPA31&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACant+%28road+and+rail%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Miller-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Miller_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiller2010" class="citation book cs1">Miller, Robert H. (2010) [1997]. "PA125 – A Reptilian Tour on PA's Best Road". In Backroad Bob; Robert H. Miller (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=A-bPVmBwU2UC&pg=PT4"><i>Motorcycle Road Trips (Vol. 14) Roads & Road Houses – Tour de Gastronomy</i></a>. Vol. 14. p. 4. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781452460512" title="Special:BookSources/9781452460512"><bdi>9781452460512</bdi></a>. <q>Changing elevation a thousand feet at a time as it snakes over six mountain passes it offers no rest from decreasing radius, off-camber, blind and switchback curves.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=PA125+%E2%80%93+A+Reptilian+Tour+on+PA%27s+Best+Road&rft.btitle=Motorcycle+Road+Trips+%28Vol.+14%29+Roads+%26+Road+Houses+%E2%80%93+Tour+de+Gastronomy&rft.pages=4&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9781452460512&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Robert+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DA-bPVmBwU2UC%26pg%3DPT4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACant+%28road+and+rail%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Huffman-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Huffman_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohn_Pearley_Huffman2013" class="citation cs2">John Pearley Huffman (June 28, 2013), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.edmunds.com/car-reviews/features/the-10-best-fourth-of-july-road-trips.html">"The 10 Best Fourth of July Road Trips: Great Places and the Great Roads To Get You There"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Edmunds.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Edmunds.com">Edmunds.com</a></i>, <q>Route 33 has everything. It rolls across the Santa Ynez Mountains and plunges into the Cuyama Valley in relentlessly interesting ways. That includes midcorner elevation changes, off-camber hairpins, tightening-radius sweepers and straights long enough to hit terminal velocity. It's 72 miles of pure entertainment.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Edmunds.com&rft.atitle=The+10+Best+Fourth+of+July+Road+Trips%3A+Great+Places+and+the+Great+Roads+To+Get+You+There&rft.date=2013-06-28&rft.au=John+Pearley+Huffman&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.edmunds.com%2Fcar-reviews%2Ffeatures%2Fthe-10-best-fourth-of-july-road-trips.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACant+%28road+and+rail%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mceinsurance.com/resources/worlds-best-motorcycle-routes/"><i>The World's Best Motorcycle Routes</i></a>, MCE Insurance</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+World%27s+Best+Motorcycle+Routes&rft.pub=MCE+Insurance&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mceinsurance.com%2Fresources%2Fworlds-best-motorcycle-routes%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACant+%28road+and+rail%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dirt_Rider-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Dirt_Rider_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dirtrider.com/features/protips/riding/141_0907_pro_secrets_off_camber_corners_andrew_short/">"Riding Off-Camber Corners Over A Rise With Andrew Short – Pro Secrets – Dirt Rider Magazine"</a>, <i>Dirt Rider</i>, July 21, 2009</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Dirt+Rider&rft.atitle=Riding+Off-Camber+Corners+Over+A+Rise+With+Andrew+Short+%E2%80%93+Pro+Secrets+%E2%80%93+Dirt+Rider+Magazine&rft.date=2009-07-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dirtrider.com%2Ffeatures%2Fprotips%2Friding%2F141_0907_pro_secrets_off_camber_corners_andrew_short%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACant+%28road+and+rail%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MTB_Techniques-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MTB_Techniques_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mtbtechniques.co.uk/AdvancedOffCamber.html"><i>Advanced Off Camber</i></a>, MTB Techniques</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Advanced+Off+Camber&rft.pub=MTB+Techniques&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mtbtechniques.co.uk%2FAdvancedOffCamber.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACant+%28road+and+rail%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Geall-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Geall_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSteve_GeallRobin_KitchinGreg_Minaar2001" class="citation book cs1">Steve Geall; Robin Kitchin; Greg Minaar (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nkbDw6wP58oC&pg=PT57"><i>The Ultimate Guide to Mountain Biking</i></a>. Globe Pequot. p. 57. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781585743032" title="Special:BookSources/9781585743032"><bdi>9781585743032</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Ultimate+Guide+to+Mountain+Biking&rft.pages=57&rft.pub=Globe+Pequot&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=9781585743032&rft.au=Steve+Geall&rft.au=Robin+Kitchin&rft.au=Greg+Minaar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnkbDw6wP58oC%26pg%3DPT57&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACant+%28road+and+rail%29" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged May 2023">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Trevitt-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Trevitt_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndrew_Trevitt2011" class="citation cs2">Andrew Trevitt (October 3, 2011), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sportrider.com/sportbike-riding/riding-skills-series-camber-and-elevation">"Riding skills series: Camber and Elevation—Using Both to Your Advantage"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Sport_Rider" class="mw-redirect" title="Sport Rider">Sport Rider</a></i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sport+Rider&rft.atitle=Riding+skills+series%3A+Camber+and+Elevation%E2%80%94Using+Both+to+Your+Advantage&rft.date=2011-10-03&rft.au=Andrew+Trevitt&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sportrider.com%2Fsportbike-riding%2Friding-skills-series-camber-and-elevation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACant+%28road+and+rail%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cant_(road_and_rail)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBosworthSanders2003" class="citation book cs1">Bosworth, Brian; Sanders, Michael (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://washington.destinationhighways.com"><i>Destination Highways: Washington</i></a>. Vancouver, B.C.: Twisted Edge Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0968432815" title="Special:BookSources/978-0968432815"><bdi>978-0968432815</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Destination+Highways%3A+Washington&rft.place=Vancouver%2C+B.C.&rft.pub=Twisted+Edge+Publishing&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0968432815&rft.aulast=Bosworth&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft.au=Sanders%2C+Michael&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwashington.destinationhighways.com&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACant+%28road+and+rail%29" class="Z3988"></span> — includes camber in evaluating engineering of roads, one of six numerical factors modeled to determine desirability for <a href="/wiki/Motorcycle_touring" title="Motorcycle touring">motorcycle touring</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output 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1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output 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style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Railway_track" title="Railway track">Tracks</a><small> <a href="/wiki/Permanent_way_(history)" class="mw-redirect" title="Permanent way (history)">(history)</a> </small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Axe_ties" class="mw-redirect" title="Axe ties">Axe ties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Track_ballast" title="Track ballast">Ballast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baulk_road" title="Baulk road">Baulk road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breather_switch" title="Breather switch">Breather switch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cant_(road/rail)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cant (road/rail)">Cant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clip_and_scotch" title="Clip and scotch">Clip and scotch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Date_nail" title="Date nail">Date nail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_fastening_system" title="Rail fastening system">Fastening system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishplate" title="Fishplate">Fishplate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ladder_track" title="Ladder track">Ladder track</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minimum_railway_curve_radius" title="Minimum railway curve radius">Minimum radius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_profile" title="Rail profile">Profile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Railroad_tie" title="Railroad tie">Tie/Sleeper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Track_transition_curve" title="Track transition curve">Transition curve</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Trackwork</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balloon_loop" title="Balloon loop">Balloon loop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classification_yard" title="Classification yard">Classification yard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Headshunt" title="Headshunt">Headshunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pocket_track" title="Pocket track">Pocket track</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junction_(rail)" title="Junction (rail)">Junction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gauntlet_track" title="Gauntlet track">Gauntlet track</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guide_bar" title="Guide bar">Guide bar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passing_loop" title="Passing loop">Passing loop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Track_gauge" title="Track gauge">Track gauge</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dual_gauge" title="Dual gauge">dual gauge</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Track_(rail_transport)" class="mw-redirect" title="Track (rail transport)">Rail track</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tramway_track" title="Tramway track">tramway track</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_yard" title="Rail yard">Rail yard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Railway_electrification" title="Railway electrification">Railway electrification</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Overhead_line" title="Overhead line">overhead lines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_rail" title="Third rail">third rail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ground-level_power_supply" title="Ground-level power supply">ground-level power supply</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Railway_turntable" title="Railway turntable">Railway turntable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transfer_table" title="Transfer table">Transfer table (traverser)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roll_way" title="Roll way">Roll way</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siding_(rail)" title="Siding (rail)">Siding</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Refuge_siding" title="Refuge siding">refuge siding</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Railroad_switch" title="Railroad switch">Switch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Track_geometry" title="Track geometry">Track geometry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_crane" title="Water crane">Water crane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_trough" title="Water trough">Water trough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wye_(rail)" title="Wye (rail)">Wye</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Railway_signalling" title="Railway signalling">Signalling</a><br />and safety</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-trespass_panels" title="Anti-trespass panels">Anti-trespass panels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Block_post" title="Block post">Block post</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buffer_stop" title="Buffer stop">Buffer stop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catch_points" title="Catch points">Catch points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defect_detector" title="Defect detector">Defect detector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derail" title="Derail">Derailer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guard_rail_(railroad)" class="mw-redirect" title="Guard rail (railroad)">Guard rail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interlocking" title="Interlocking">Interlocking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Level_crossing" title="Level crossing">Level crossing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loading_gauge" title="Loading gauge">Loading gauge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platform_screen_doors" title="Platform screen doors">Platform screen doors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Railway_signal" title="Railway signal">Railway signal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Signalling_control" title="Signalling control">Signalling control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Structure_gauge" title="Structure gauge">Structure gauge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Railroad_signal_bridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Railroad signal bridge">Signal bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tell-tale_(bridges)" title="Tell-tale (bridges)">Tell-tale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Train_stop" title="Train stop">Train stop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayside_horn" title="Wayside horn">Wayside horn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Structures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coaling_tower" title="Coaling tower">Coaling tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motive_power_depot" title="Motive power depot">Motive power depot</a>/<a href="/wiki/Railway_workshop" title="Railway workshop">Railway workshop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Railway_platform" title="Railway platform">Platform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Railway_roundhouse" title="Railway roundhouse">Roundhouse</a></li> <li>Shed <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Train_shed" title="Train shed">for trains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goods_shed" title="Goods shed">for goods</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Train_station" title="Train station">Station</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Station_building" title="Station building">building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Station_clock" title="Station clock">clock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghost_station" title="Ghost station">ghost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_railway_stations" title="List of railway stations">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_stop" title="Water stop">Water stop</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_railway" title="Industrial railway">Industrial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_railways" title="Military railways">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_railway" title="Private railway">Private</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Private_railway_station" title="Private railway station">station</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_private_railway_stations" title="List of private railway stations">list</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Railway_track_layouts" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Railway_track_layouts" title="Template:Railway track layouts"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Railway_track_layouts" title="Template talk:Railway track layouts"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Railway_track_layouts" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Railway track layouts"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Railway_track_layouts" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport" title="Rail transport">Railway</a> track layouts</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Railway_track" title="Railway track">Railway track</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Single-track_railway" title="Single-track railway">Single track</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passing_loop" title="Passing loop">Passing loop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double-track_railway" title="Double-track railway">Double track</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quadruple-track_railway" title="Quadruple-track railway">Quadruple track</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Railroad_switch#Crossover" title="Railroad switch">Crossover</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Siding_(rail)" title="Siding (rail)">Rail sidings</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balloon_loop" title="Balloon loop">Balloon loop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Headshunt" title="Headshunt">Headshunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pocket_track" title="Pocket track">Pocket track</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refuge_siding" title="Refuge siding">Refuge siding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_yard" title="Rail yard">Rail yard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classification_yard" title="Classification yard">Classification yard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Junction_(rail)" title="Junction (rail)">Junctions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flying_junction" title="Flying junction">Flying junction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Level_junction" title="Level junction">Level junction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_junction" title="Double junction">Double junction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Facing_and_trailing" title="Facing and trailing">Facing and trailing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_union" title="Grand union">Grand union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tram_roundabout" title="Tram roundabout">Grand circle / roundabout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wye_(rail)" title="Wye (rail)">Wye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Railroad_switch" title="Railroad switch">Switch / turnout / points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swingnose_crossing" title="Swingnose crossing">Swingnose crossing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Level_crossing" title="Level crossing">Level crossing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Train_station" title="Train station">Stations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Railway_platform" title="Railway platform">Railway platform</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bay_platform" title="Bay platform">Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Island_platform" title="Island platform">Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Side_platform" title="Side platform">Side</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Split_platform" title="Split platform">Split</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terminal_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Terminal station">Terminal station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balloon_loop" title="Balloon loop">Balloon loop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_solution" title="Spanish solution">Spanish solution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross-platform_interchange" title="Cross-platform interchange">Cross-platform interchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interchange_station" title="Interchange station">Interchange station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infill_station" title="Infill station">Infill station</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hillclimbing_(railway)" title="Hillclimbing (railway)">Hillclimbing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Horseshoe_curve" title="Horseshoe curve">Horseshoe curve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zig_zag_(railway)" title="Zig zag (railway)">Zig Zag / Switchback</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spiral_(railway)" title="Spiral (railway)">Spiral</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Track_geometry" title="Track geometry">Track geometry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Track_gauge" title="Track gauge">Track gauge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruling_gradient" title="Ruling gradient">Ruling gradient</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minimum_railway_curve_radius" title="Minimum railway curve radius">Minimum curve radius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cant_(road/rail)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cant (road/rail)">Cant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cant_deficiency" title="Cant deficiency">Cant deficiency</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cant_(road_and_rail)&oldid=1257797683">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cant_(road_and_rail)&oldid=1257797683</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a 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