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id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Classification yard</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another 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class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estaci%C3%B3_de_classificaci%C3%B3" title="Estació de classificació – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Estació de classificació" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Se%C5%99a%C4%8Fovac%C3%AD_n%C3%A1dra%C5%BE%C3%AD" title="Seřaďovací nádraží – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Seřaďovací nádraží" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rangierbahnhof" title="Rangierbahnhof – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Rangierbahnhof" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sorteerimisjaam" title="Sorteerimisjaam – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Sorteerimisjaam" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Playa_de_maniobras" title="Playa de maniobras – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Playa de maniobras" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87_%D9%BE%D8%AE%D8%B4_%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C" title="ایستگاه پخش ریلی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ایستگاه پخش ریلی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gare_de_triage" title="Gare de triage – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Gare de triage" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A1%B0%EC%B0%A8%EC%9E%A5" title="조차장 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="조차장" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ran%C5%BEirni_kolodvor" title="Ranžirni kolodvor – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Ranžirni kolodvor" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emplasemen_langsir" title="Emplasemen langsir – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Emplasemen langsir" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stazione_di_smistamento" title="Stazione di smistamento – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Stazione di smistamento" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0%C4%B7iro%C5%A1anas_stacija" title="Šķirošanas stacija – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Šķirošanas stacija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rang%C3%A9iergare" title="Rangéiergare – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Rangéiergare" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rangeerterrein" title="Rangeerterrein – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Rangeerterrein" 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hreflang="pl" data-title="Stacja rozrządowa" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esta%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_triagem" title="Estação de triagem – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Estação de triagem" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triaj" title="Triaj – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Triaj" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Сортировочная станция – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Сортировочная станция" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zria%C4%8Fovacia_stanica" title="Zriaďovacia stanica – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Zriaďovacia stanica" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B6%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Ранжирна станица – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" 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class="mbox-text-span">This article includes a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">list of references</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Further_reading" title="Wikipedia:Further reading">related reading</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:External_links" title="Wikipedia:External links">external links</a>, <b>but its sources remain unclear because it lacks <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">inline citations</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Fact_and_Reference_Check" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Fact and Reference Check">improve</a> this article by <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:When_to_cite" title="Wikipedia:When to cite">introducing</a> more precise citations.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Rail yard used for sorting and assembling rail cars into trains</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Godorf_Station_at_Dusk,_May_2018.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Godorf_Station_at_Dusk%2C_May_2018.jpg/220px-Godorf_Station_at_Dusk%2C_May_2018.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Godorf_Station_at_Dusk%2C_May_2018.jpg/330px-Godorf_Station_at_Dusk%2C_May_2018.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Godorf_Station_at_Dusk%2C_May_2018.jpg/440px-Godorf_Station_at_Dusk%2C_May_2018.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4672" data-file-height="3503" /></a><figcaption>Godorf Station, <a href="/wiki/Cologne" title="Cologne">Cologne</a>, Germany</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>classification yard</b> (<a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">American English</a>, as well as the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_National_Railway" title="Canadian National Railway">Canadian National Railway</a>), <b>marshalling yard</b> (<a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">British</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_English" title="Hong Kong English">Hong Kong</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indian_English" title="Indian English">Indian</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Australian_English" title="Australian English">Australian English</a>, as well as the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Pacific_Railway" title="Canadian Pacific Railway">Canadian Pacific Railway</a>) or <b>shunting yard</b> (Central Europe) is a <a href="/wiki/Rail_yard" title="Rail yard">railway yard</a> found at some <a href="/wiki/Goods_station" title="Goods station">freight train stations</a>, used to separate <a href="/wiki/Railway_car" class="mw-redirect" title="Railway car">railway cars</a> onto one of several tracks. First, the cars are taken to a track, sometimes called a <i>lead</i> or a <i>drill</i>. From there, the cars are sent through a series of <a href="/wiki/Railway_switch" class="mw-redirect" title="Railway switch">switches</a> called a <i>ladder</i> onto the classification tracks. Larger yards tend to put the lead on an artificially built hill called a <i>hump</i> to use the force of gravity to propel the cars through the ladder. </p><p>Freight trains that consist of isolated cars must be made into trains and divided according to their destinations; thus, the cars must be shunted several times along their route in contrast to a <a href="/wiki/Unit_train" title="Unit train">unit train</a>, which carries, for example, <a href="/wiki/Automobile" class="mw-redirect" title="Automobile">automobiles</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Factory" title="Factory">plant</a> to a <a href="/wiki/Port" title="Port">port</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Coal" title="Coal">coal</a> from a <a href="/wiki/Mining" title="Mining">mine</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Power_station" title="Power station">power plant</a>. This <a href="/wiki/Shunting_(rail)" title="Shunting (rail)">shunting</a> is done partly at the starting and final destinations and partly (for long-distance hauling) in classification yards. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Flat">Flat</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Classification_yard&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Flat"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Flat yards</b> are constructed on flat ground or a gentle slope, not enough to allow a free-fall operation without locomotives. Freight cars are pushed by a locomotive and coast to their required location.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gravity">Gravity</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Classification_yard&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Gravity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Gravity yards</b> were invented in the 19th century, saving shunting engines and instead letting the cars roll by gravity was seen as a major benefit, whereas the larger amount of manual work required to stop the rolling cars in the classification tracks was judged to be not that important. Gravity yards were a historical step in the development of classification yards. They were later judged as inferior to hump yards because it became clear that shunting engines were needed anyway (at least in inclement weather like strong winds or icy temperatures when the oil in the bearings became thick) and because manual labor was getting relatively more and more expensive. Thus, only a few gravity yards were ever built, sometimes requiring massive earthwork (one example is the first German gravity yard at Dresden). The historic technique of a gravity yard is today partly presented in <a href="/wiki/Chemnitz" title="Chemnitz">Chemnitz</a>-Hilbersdorf gravity yard (museum).<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Most gravity yards were built in Germany (especially in the kingdom of <a href="/wiki/Saxony" title="Saxony">Saxony</a>) and Great Britain (so Edgehill, 1873),<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a few also in some other European countries, for example <a href="/wiki/%C5%81azy" title="Łazy">Łazy</a> yard near <a href="/wiki/Zawiercie" title="Zawiercie">Zawiercie</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Warsaw%E2%80%93Vienna_railway" title="Warsaw–Vienna railway">Warsaw–Vienna Railway</a> (in <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a>). In the US, there were very few old gravity yards; one of the few gravity yards in operation today is CSX's <a href="/wiki/Readville_(MBTA_station)#Railroad_yards" class="mw-redirect" title="Readville (MBTA station)">Readville Yard</a> south of <a href="/wiki/Boston,_Massachusetts" class="mw-redirect" title="Boston, Massachusetts">Boston, Massachusetts</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hump"><span class="anchor" id="Hump_yard"></span>Hump</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Classification_yard&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Hump"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:UP_DO_NOT_HUMP.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/UP_DO_NOT_HUMP.jpg/220px-UP_DO_NOT_HUMP.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/UP_DO_NOT_HUMP.jpg/330px-UP_DO_NOT_HUMP.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9b/UP_DO_NOT_HUMP.jpg 2x" data-file-width="396" data-file-height="232" /></a><figcaption>Not all cars can be sent over a classification hump. This Union Pacific track maintenance vehicle is permanently labeled "Do not hump" because it is not designed to withstand hump sorting.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Hump yards</b> are the largest and most effective classification yards, with the largest <a href="/wiki/Shunting_(rail)" title="Shunting (rail)">shunting</a> capacity, often several thousand cars a day. They work similarly to gravity yards, but the falling gradient is limited to a small part of the yard, namely the hump. It is the heart of the yard—a lead track on a small hill over which an engine pushes the cars. Single cars, or a block of coupled cars, are uncoupled at or just before the crest of the hump and roll by gravity onto their destination tracks in the area of the yard where the cars are sorted, called the classification bowl.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first hump in Germany (Leipzig) was built in 1858 and in France (Saint-Etienne) in 1863. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Balkenbremse1.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Balkenbremse1.JPG/170px-Balkenbremse1.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Balkenbremse1.JPG/255px-Balkenbremse1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Balkenbremse1.JPG/340px-Balkenbremse1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Retarder_(railroad)" title="Retarder (railroad)">retarders</a> grip the sides of the wheels on passing cars to slow them down.</figcaption></figure> <p>The speed of the cars rolling down from the hump into the classification bowl must be regulated according to whether they are full or empty, heavy or light freight, varying number of axles, whether there are few or many cars on the classification tracks, and varying weather conditions, including temperature, wind speed, and direction. In regards to speed regulation, there are two types of hump yards—with or without mechanization by <a href="/wiki/Retarder_(railroad)" title="Retarder (railroad)">retarders</a>. In the old non-retarder yards, braking was usually done in Europe by railroaders who laid skates onto the tracks. The skate or <a href="/wiki/Wheel_chock" title="Wheel chock">wheel chock</a> was manually (or, in rare cases, mechanically) placed on one or both of the rails so that the treadles or rims of the wheel or wheels caused frictional retardation and resulted in the halting of the railway car. In the United States, riders in cars did this braking. In modern retarder yards, this work is done by mechanized "rail brakes," called retarders, which brake cars by gripping their wheels. They are operated either <a href="/wiki/Pneumatics" title="Pneumatics">pneumatically</a> or <a href="/wiki/Hydraulics" title="Hydraulics">hydraulically</a>. Pneumatic systems are prevalent in the United States, <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> and <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>, while hydraulic systems are used in <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Classification bowls in Europe typically consist of 20 to 40 tracks, divided into several fans or balloons of tracks, usually with eight classification tracks following a retarder in each one, often 32 tracks altogether. In the United States, many classification bowls have more than 40 tracks, frequently divided into six to ten classification tracks in each balloon loop. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Proviso_hump_towerman.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Proviso_hump_towerman.jpg/170px-Proviso_hump_towerman.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Proviso_hump_towerman.jpg/255px-Proviso_hump_towerman.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Proviso_hump_towerman.jpg/340px-Proviso_hump_towerman.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1674" data-file-height="2234" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Chicago_and_North_Western_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Chicago and North Western Railway">CNW</a> towerman R. W. Mayberry operates the retarders at Proviso Yard in <a href="/wiki/Chicago,_Illinois" class="mw-redirect" title="Chicago, Illinois">Chicago, Illinois</a>, May 1943.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Bailey_Yard" title="Bailey Yard">Bailey Yard</a> in <a href="/wiki/North_Platte,_Nebraska" title="North Platte, Nebraska">North Platte, Nebraska</a>, United States, the world's largest classification yard, is a hump yard. Other large American hump yards include Argentine Yard in <a href="/wiki/Kansas_City,_Kansas" title="Kansas City, Kansas">Kansas City, Kansas</a>, Robert Young Yard in <a href="/wiki/Elkhart,_Indiana" title="Elkhart, Indiana">Elkhart, Indiana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belt_Railway_of_Chicago" title="Belt Railway of Chicago">Clearing Yard</a> in <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a>, <a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a>, Englewood Yard in <a href="/wiki/Houston" title="Houston">Houston</a>, <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a>, and Waycross Rice Yard in <a href="/wiki/Waycross,_Georgia" title="Waycross, Georgia">Waycross, Georgia</a>. Notably, in Europe, Russia, and China, all major classification yards are hump yards. Europe's largest hump yard is that of <a href="/wiki/Maschen_Marshalling_Yard" title="Maschen Marshalling Yard">Maschen</a> near <a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a>, Germany; it is only slightly smaller than Bailey Yard. The second largest is in the port of <a href="/wiki/Antwerp" title="Antwerp">Antwerp</a>, Belgium. Most hump yards are single yards with one classification bowl, but some, mostly very large, hump yards have two of them, one for each direction, and thus are double yards, such as the Maschen, Antwerp, Clearing, and Bailey yards.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Almost all gravity yards have been retrofitted with humps and are worked as hump yards. Examples include <a href="/wiki/Chemnitz" title="Chemnitz">Chemnitz</a> Hilbersdorf (today <a href="/wiki/Saxon_Railway_Museum" title="Saxon Railway Museum">Saxon Railway Museum</a>), Dresden Friedrichstadt and Nürnberg (<a href="/wiki/Nuremberg" title="Nuremberg">Nuremberg</a>) Rbf (Rbf: <i>Rangierbahnhof</i>, "classification yard"), in Germany. </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Unique_locomotives">Unique locomotives</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Classification_yard&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Unique locomotives"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Master_and_slave,_Tinsley_Marshalling_Yard_(geograph_5493909).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Master_and_slave%2C_Tinsley_Marshalling_Yard_%28geograph_5493909%29.jpg/220px-Master_and_slave%2C_Tinsley_Marshalling_Yard_%28geograph_5493909%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Master_and_slave%2C_Tinsley_Marshalling_Yard_%28geograph_5493909%29.jpg/330px-Master_and_slave%2C_Tinsley_Marshalling_Yard_%28geograph_5493909%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Master_and_slave%2C_Tinsley_Marshalling_Yard_%28geograph_5493909%29.jpg/440px-Master_and_slave%2C_Tinsley_Marshalling_Yard_%28geograph_5493909%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1028" /></a><figcaption>British Rail Class 13 built for a hump yard</figcaption></figure><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Cleanup_rewrite plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Crystal_Clear_app_kedit.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Crystal_Clear_app_kedit.svg/40px-Crystal_Clear_app_kedit.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Crystal_Clear_app_kedit.svg/60px-Crystal_Clear_app_kedit.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Crystal_Clear_app_kedit.svg/80px-Crystal_Clear_app_kedit.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>may need to be rewritten</b> to comply with Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style">quality standards</a>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Classification_yard&action=edit">You can help</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Talk:Classification_yard" title="Talk:Classification yard">talk page</a> may contain suggestions.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2024</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Hump yards sometimes require unique locomotives; for example, there can be a risk of grounding with larger frames. For this and other reasons, one can sometimes find locomotives specifically made or converted to work a hump yard. For example, the <a href="/wiki/British_Rail_Class_13" title="British Rail Class 13">British Rail Class 13</a> was converted from a pair of <a href="/wiki/British_Rail_Class_08" title="British Rail Class 08">British Rail Class 08</a> to provide more power than one could get with a single Class 08. The class 13s were built because of the risk of grounding with larger locos like the <a href="/wiki/British_Rail_Class_20" title="British Rail Class 20">British Rail Class 20</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Special locomotives for hump yards in the US were for example the EMD TR family (<a href="/wiki/EMD_TR" class="mw-redirect" title="EMD TR">EMD TR</a>, <a href="/wiki/EMD_TR1" title="EMD TR1">EMD TR1</a>, <a href="/wiki/EMD_TR2" class="mw-redirect" title="EMD TR2">EMD TR2</a>, <a href="/wiki/EMD_TR3" class="mw-redirect" title="EMD TR3">EMD TR3</a>, <a href="/wiki/EMD_TR4" class="mw-redirect" title="EMD TR4">EMD TR4</a>, <a href="/wiki/EMD_TR5" class="mw-redirect" title="EMD TR5">EMD TR5</a> and <a href="/wiki/EMD_TR6" class="mw-redirect" title="EMD TR6">EMD TR6</a>). These are often referred to as <i><a href="/wiki/Cow%E2%80%93calf" title="Cow–calf">master and slave</a></i> in GB and <i>cow–calf</i> in the US.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Image_gallery">Image gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Classification_yard&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Image gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 302.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 300.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kornwestheim_Ablaufberg_20060318.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A switcher locomotive pushing a car over the hump at Kornwestheim yard"><img alt="A switcher locomotive pushing a car over the hump at Kornwestheim yard" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Kornwestheim_Ablaufberg_20060318.jpg/451px-Kornwestheim_Ablaufberg_20060318.jpg" decoding="async" width="301" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Kornwestheim_Ablaufberg_20060318.jpg/677px-Kornwestheim_Ablaufberg_20060318.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Kornwestheim_Ablaufberg_20060318.jpg/903px-Kornwestheim_Ablaufberg_20060318.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A <a href="/wiki/Switcher_locomotive" title="Switcher locomotive">switcher locomotive</a> pushing a car over the hump at Kornwestheim yard</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:MannheimRangierbahnhof_2018-08-10_Luftbild.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mannheim Rangierbahnhof, Germany, two-sided nearly symmetrical systems for opposing directions"><img alt="Mannheim Rangierbahnhof, Germany, two-sided nearly symmetrical systems for opposing directions" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/MannheimRangierbahnhof_2018-08-10_Luftbild.jpg/271px-MannheimRangierbahnhof_2018-08-10_Luftbild.jpg" decoding="async" width="181" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/MannheimRangierbahnhof_2018-08-10_Luftbild.jpg/407px-MannheimRangierbahnhof_2018-08-10_Luftbild.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/MannheimRangierbahnhof_2018-08-10_Luftbild.jpg/543px-MannheimRangierbahnhof_2018-08-10_Luftbild.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1824" data-file-height="2016" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Mannheim_Rangierbahnhof" title="Mannheim Rangierbahnhof">Mannheim Rangierbahnhof</a>, Germany, two-sided nearly symmetrical systems for opposing directions</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 320px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 318px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Trainyard.bradleygee.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="North Yard in Denver, Colorado, a typical U.S. classification yard in 2009"><img alt="North Yard in Denver, Colorado, a typical U.S. classification yard in 2009" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Trainyard.bradleygee.jpg/477px-Trainyard.bradleygee.jpg" decoding="async" width="318" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Trainyard.bradleygee.jpg/715px-Trainyard.bradleygee.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Trainyard.bradleygee.jpg/954px-Trainyard.bradleygee.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3855" data-file-height="2426" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">North Yard in <a href="/wiki/Denver,_Colorado" class="mw-redirect" title="Denver, Colorado">Denver, Colorado</a>, a typical U.S. classification yard in 2009</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 153.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 151.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CNW_yard,_Chicago.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chicago and North Western Railway's Proviso Yard in Chicago, Illinois, December 1942"><img alt="Chicago and North Western Railway's Proviso Yard in Chicago, Illinois, December 1942" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/CNW_yard%2C_Chicago.jpg/227px-CNW_yard%2C_Chicago.jpg" decoding="async" width="152" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/CNW_yard%2C_Chicago.jpg/341px-CNW_yard%2C_Chicago.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/CNW_yard%2C_Chicago.jpg/454px-CNW_yard%2C_Chicago.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5180" data-file-height="6840" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Chicago_and_North_Western_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Chicago and North Western Railway">Chicago and North Western Railway</a>'s Proviso Yard in <a href="/wiki/Chicago,_Illinois" class="mw-redirect" title="Chicago, Illinois">Chicago, Illinois</a>, December 1942</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 303.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 301.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:201805_Nanxiang_Station_Yard_III.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Nanxiang Classification Yard in Shanghai, China"><img alt="Nanxiang Classification Yard in Shanghai, China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/201805_Nanxiang_Station_Yard_III.jpg/452px-201805_Nanxiang_Station_Yard_III.jpg" decoding="async" width="302" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/201805_Nanxiang_Station_Yard_III.jpg/677px-201805_Nanxiang_Station_Yard_III.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/201805_Nanxiang_Station_Yard_III.jpg/903px-201805_Nanxiang_Station_Yard_III.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4459" data-file-height="2963" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E7%BF%94%E7%AB%99_(%E4%BA%AC%E6%B2%AA%E9%93%81%E8%B7%AF)" class="extiw" title="zh:南翔站 (京沪铁路)">Nanxiang Classification Yard</a> in Shanghai, China</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Classification_yard&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rail_yards" title="List of rail yards">List of rail yards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siding_(rail)" title="Siding (rail)">Siding (rail)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Classification_yard&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFJames_T._Kneafsey1975" class="citation book cs1">James T. Kneafsey (1975). "Major Problems of Railroad Service". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sjJPAAAAMAAJ"><i>Transportation Economic Analysis</i></a>. Lexington Books. p. 138. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0669932116" title="Special:BookSources/0669932116"><bdi>0669932116</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Major+Problems+of+Railroad+Service&rft.btitle=Transportation+Economic+Analysis&rft.pages=138&rft.pub=Lexington+Books&rft.date=1975&rft.isbn=0669932116&rft.au=James+T.+Kneafsey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DsjJPAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AClassification+yard" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Denkmalpflege in Sachsen, Jahrbuch 2019, Sandsteinverlag, Dresden, 2020.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKöpcke1890" class="citation book cs1">Köpcke, Mitteilungen (1890). <i>aus dem Bereich des englischen Eisenbahnwesens</i>. Leipzig: Der Civilingenieur.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=aus+dem+Bereich+des+englischen+Eisenbahnwesens&rft.place=Leipzig&rft.pub=Der+Civilingenieur&rft.date=1890&rft.aulast=K%C3%B6pcke&rft.aufirst=Mitteilungen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AClassification+yard" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1">"ABC's of Railroading: Terms of the Trade". <i><a href="/wiki/Trains_(magazine)" title="Trains (magazine)">Trains</a></i>. Waukesha, Wisconsin: Kalmbach Publishing. June 1991. p. 22. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0041-0934">0041-0934</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Trains&rft.atitle=ABC%27s+of+Railroading%3A+Terms+of+the+Trade&rft.pages=22&rft.date=1991-06&rft.issn=0041-0934&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AClassification+yard" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Rangierdienst A-Z</i>. Berlin: VEB Transpress-Verlag. 1986.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rangierdienst+A-Z&rft.place=Berlin&rft.pub=VEB+Transpress-Verlag&rft.date=1986&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AClassification+yard" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBickerdyke2015" class="citation magazine cs1">Bickerdyke, Paul, ed. (October 2015). "Class 13 Tinsley Shunters". <i>Rail Express</i>. No. 233. Horncastle: Mortons Media Publishing. p. 25. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1362-234X">1362-234X</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rail+Express&rft.atitle=Class+13+Tinsley+Shunters&rft.issue=233&rft.pages=25&rft.date=2015-10&rft.issn=1362-234X&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AClassification+yard" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:4_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSolomonBlaszakGruberGuss2014" class="citation book cs1">Solomon, Brian; Blaszak, Michael; Gruber, John; Guss, Chris (2014-10-14). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BOfUBAAAQBAJ&dq=Cow-calf+switcher&pg=PA37"><i>Chicago: America's Railroad Capital: The Illustrated History, 1836 to Today</i></a>. Voyageur Press. p. 37. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7603-4603-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7603-4603-7"><bdi>978-0-7603-4603-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chicago%3A+America%27s+Railroad+Capital%3A+The+Illustrated+History%2C+1836+to+Today&rft.pages=37&rft.pub=Voyageur+Press&rft.date=2014-10-14&rft.isbn=978-0-7603-4603-7&rft.aulast=Solomon&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft.au=Blaszak%2C+Michael&rft.au=Gruber%2C+John&rft.au=Guss%2C+Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBOfUBAAAQBAJ%26dq%3DCow-calf%2Bswitcher%26pg%3DPA37&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AClassification+yard" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:3_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFoster1996" class="citation book cs1">Foster, Gerald L. (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZvSHlCxuyH0C&dq=Cow-calf+switcher&pg=PA10"><i>A Field Guide to Trains of North America</i></a>. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. p. 10. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-395-70112-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-395-70112-6"><bdi>978-0-395-70112-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Field+Guide+to+Trains+of+North+America&rft.pages=10&rft.pub=Houghton+Mifflin+Harcourt&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-395-70112-6&rft.aulast=Foster&rft.aufirst=Gerald+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZvSHlCxuyH0C%26dq%3DCow-calf%2Bswitcher%26pg%3DPA10&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AClassification+yard" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith1999" class="citation book cs1">Smith, Keith (1999). <i>Supplement to the West Somerset Railway Stockbook</i> (5th ed.). Bishops Lydeard: West Somerset Railway Association. p. 9.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Supplement+to+the+West+Somerset+Railway+Stockbook&rft.place=Bishops+Lydeard&rft.pages=9&rft.edition=5th&rft.pub=West+Somerset+Railway+Association&rft.date=1999&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Keith&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AClassification+yard" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Industrial Locomotives</i> (6EL ed.). Industrial Railway Society. 1982. p. 232. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-901096-44-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-901096-44-X"><bdi>0-901096-44-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Industrial+Locomotives&rft.pages=232&rft.edition=6EL&rft.pub=Industrial+Railway+Society&rft.date=1982&rft.isbn=0-901096-44-X&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AClassification+yard" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Classification_yard&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>International Railway Journal (IRJ), New York. <i>Special editions about hump yards in various countries:</i> issues II/66, II/70, VI/75, II/80.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArmstrong1998" class="citation book cs1">Armstrong, John H. (1998). <i>The Railroad: What It Is, What It Does</i> (4th ed.). Omaha, Nebraska: Simmons-Boardman. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-911382-04-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-911382-04-4"><bdi>978-0-911382-04-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Railroad%3A+What+It+Is%2C+What+It+Does&rft.place=Omaha%2C+Nebraska&rft.edition=4th&rft.pub=Simmons-Boardman&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-911382-04-4&rft.aulast=Armstrong&rft.aufirst=John+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AClassification+yard" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Rhodes, Michael: <i>The Illustrated History of British Marshalling Yards.</i> Sparkford: Haynes Oxford Publishing & Co, 1988. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-86093-367-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-86093-367-9">0-86093-367-9</a>. Out of print.</li> <li>Kraft, Edwin: <i>The Yard: Railroading's Hidden Half.</i> In: <a href="/wiki/Trains_(magazine)" title="Trains (magazine)">Trains</a> (vol. 62) 2002. Part I: VI/02, pp. 46–67; Part II: VII/02, pp. 36–47. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:0041-0934">0041-0934</a>.</li> <li>Wegner, Robert: <i>Classification yards. Map of the Month.</i> In: Trains IV/2003, pp. 42–43.</li> <li>Rhodes, Michael: <i>North American Railyards.</i> St. Paul (US): Motorbooks International (MBI Publishing Company) 2003. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7603-1578-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-7603-1578-7">0-7603-1578-7</a>.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Classification_yard&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media 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data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Classification_yards" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Classification yards">Classification yards</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6nz-n49pIFQ">Time-lapse video of German hump-shunting yard operation</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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track</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tramway_track" title="Tramway track">tramway track</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_yard" title="Rail yard">Rail yard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Railway_electrification" title="Railway electrification">Railway electrification</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Overhead_line" title="Overhead line">overhead lines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_rail" title="Third rail">third rail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ground-level_power_supply" title="Ground-level power supply">ground-level power supply</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Railway_turntable" title="Railway turntable">Railway turntable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transfer_table" title="Transfer table">Transfer table (traverser)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roll_way" title="Roll way">Roll way</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siding_(rail)" title="Siding (rail)">Siding</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Refuge_siding" title="Refuge siding">refuge siding</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Railroad_switch" title="Railroad switch">Switch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Track_geometry" title="Track geometry">Track geometry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_crane" title="Water crane">Water crane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_trough" title="Water trough">Water trough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wye_(rail)" title="Wye (rail)">Wye</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Railway_signalling" title="Railway signalling">Signalling</a><br />and safety</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-trespass_panels" title="Anti-trespass panels">Anti-trespass panels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Block_post" title="Block post">Block post</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buffer_stop" title="Buffer stop">Buffer stop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catch_points" title="Catch points">Catch points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defect_detector" title="Defect detector">Defect detector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derail" title="Derail">Derailer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guard_rail_(railroad)" class="mw-redirect" title="Guard rail (railroad)">Guard rail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interlocking" title="Interlocking">Interlocking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Level_crossing" title="Level crossing">Level crossing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loading_gauge" title="Loading gauge">Loading gauge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platform_screen_doors" title="Platform screen doors">Platform screen doors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Railway_signal" title="Railway signal">Railway signal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Signalling_control" title="Signalling control">Signalling control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Structure_gauge" title="Structure gauge">Structure gauge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Railroad_signal_bridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Railroad signal bridge">Signal bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tell-tale_(bridges)" title="Tell-tale (bridges)">Tell-tale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Train_stop" title="Train stop">Train stop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayside_horn" title="Wayside horn">Wayside horn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Structures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coaling_tower" title="Coaling tower">Coaling tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motive_power_depot" title="Motive power depot">Motive power depot</a>/<a href="/wiki/Railway_workshop" title="Railway workshop">Railway workshop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Railway_platform" title="Railway platform">Platform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Railway_roundhouse" title="Railway roundhouse">Roundhouse</a></li> <li>Shed <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Train_shed" title="Train shed">for trains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goods_shed" title="Goods shed">for goods</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Train_station" title="Train station">Station</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Station_building" title="Station building">building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Station_clock" title="Station clock">clock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghost_station" title="Ghost station">ghost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_railway_stations" title="List of railway stations">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_stop" title="Water stop">Water stop</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_railway" title="Industrial railway">Industrial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_railways" title="Military railways">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_railway" title="Private railway">Private</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Private_railway_station" title="Private railway station">station</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_private_railway_stations" title="List of private railway stations">list</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Railway_track_layouts" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Railway_track_layouts" title="Template:Railway track layouts"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Railway_track_layouts" title="Template talk:Railway track layouts"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Railway_track_layouts" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Railway track layouts"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Railway_track_layouts" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport" title="Rail transport">Railway</a> track layouts</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Railway_track" title="Railway track">Railway track</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Single-track_railway" title="Single-track railway">Single track</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passing_loop" title="Passing loop">Passing loop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double-track_railway" title="Double-track railway">Double track</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quadruple-track_railway" title="Quadruple-track railway">Quadruple track</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Railroad_switch#Crossover" title="Railroad switch">Crossover</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Siding_(rail)" title="Siding (rail)">Rail sidings</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balloon_loop" title="Balloon loop">Balloon loop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Headshunt" title="Headshunt">Headshunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pocket_track" title="Pocket track">Pocket track</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refuge_siding" title="Refuge siding">Refuge siding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_yard" title="Rail yard">Rail yard</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Classification yard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Junction_(rail)" title="Junction (rail)">Junctions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flying_junction" title="Flying junction">Flying junction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Level_junction" title="Level junction">Level junction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_junction" title="Double junction">Double junction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Facing_and_trailing" title="Facing and trailing">Facing and trailing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_union" title="Grand union">Grand union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tram_roundabout" title="Tram roundabout">Grand circle / roundabout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wye_(rail)" title="Wye (rail)">Wye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Railroad_switch" title="Railroad switch">Switch / turnout / points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swingnose_crossing" title="Swingnose crossing">Swingnose crossing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Level_crossing" title="Level crossing">Level crossing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Train_station" title="Train station">Stations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Railway_platform" title="Railway platform">Railway platform</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bay_platform" title="Bay platform">Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Island_platform" title="Island platform">Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Side_platform" title="Side platform">Side</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Split_platform" title="Split platform">Split</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terminal_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Terminal station">Terminal station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balloon_loop" title="Balloon loop">Balloon loop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_solution" title="Spanish solution">Spanish solution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross-platform_interchange" title="Cross-platform interchange">Cross-platform interchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interchange_station" title="Interchange station">Interchange station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infill_station" title="Infill station">Infill station</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hillclimbing_(railway)" title="Hillclimbing (railway)">Hillclimbing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Horseshoe_curve" title="Horseshoe curve">Horseshoe curve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zig_zag_(railway)" title="Zig zag (railway)">Zig Zag / Switchback</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spiral_(railway)" title="Spiral (railway)">Spiral</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Track_geometry" title="Track geometry">Track geometry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Track_gauge" title="Track gauge">Track gauge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruling_gradient" title="Ruling gradient">Ruling gradient</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minimum_railway_curve_radius" title="Minimum railway curve radius">Minimum curve radius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cant_(road/rail)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cant (road/rail)">Cant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cant_deficiency" title="Cant deficiency">Cant deficiency</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox 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