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seakeeping, manoeuvring, resistance and propulsion, is now almost a century old. Most of these subjects with the emergence and rapid development of Computational Fluid Dynamics are now relying almost in full on numerical tools. Intact stability and capsizing in waves have also been introduced some 60 years ago. However, the dynamics of damaged ships in waves has persistently repelled close attention until the early 1980s when researchers at Strathclyde University tried to wake up this hibernating subject, following ground shaking accidents (Herald of Free Enterprise, 1987 and Estonia, 1994), the latter being the largest modern disaster in the western world with 852 people lost. Of course, in third world countries, disasters with 4,400 people perishing goes almost unnoticed (Dona Paz, the same year as the Herald of Free Enterprise). Research at Strathclyde in this particular area continues four decades later unabated, in the knowledge that damage stability problems in ships continue to be responsible for 90% of deaths in the maritime industry. For many years, I struggled to understand the reason for this but with age comes wisdom and cynicism: safety, even in the most advanced maritime nations of modern society, and the most progressive ship owners (with the exception of a pitifully small number) is still being perceived as unnecessary burden, limitation and cost and, as such, it receives attention only as damage reducing exercise. However, this could not be further from the truth. As a system, ship resilience is defined by her residual functionality post accidents and profitability by her safety margins, inbuilt and in operation. Design for safety and risk-based design, an ongoing effort for over three decades (also being brewed at Strathclyde), has made tremendous inroads in delivering the message that due attention to safety over the life-cycle of the vessel provides the right platform for a cost-effective economic activity whilst serving the higher societal goals. This paper targets to reinforce this belief by providing a methodological treatment of damage ship dynamics from the beginning of such developments to date whilst addressing the ensuing risk of flooding and offering solutions that have found their way in the maritime industry. For more details on developments on the subject prior to 2009, the reader should refer to [Vassalos, D. (2014)].","publication_date":"2020,10,23","publication_name":"Ships and Offshore Structures","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":"110395600"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"The role of damaged ship dynamics in addressing the risk of flooding","broadcastable":true,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [34245936]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "control"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loswp.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon';</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div 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class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">The role of damaged ship dynamics in addressing the risk of flooding</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="34245936" href="https://independent.academia.edu/DracosVassalos"><img alt="Profile image of Dracos Vassalos" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/s65_no_pic.png" />Dracos Vassalos</a></div><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2020, Ships and Offshore Structures</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":110395600,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/113436822/The_role_of_damaged_ship_dynamics_in_addressing_the_risk_of_flooding"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button 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data-entity-id="111237590" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/111237590/Design_and_Operational_Problems_of_Safety_of_Surface_Naval_and_Merchant_Ships_in_Damaged_Conditions">Design and Operational Problems of Safety of Surface Naval and Merchant Ships in Damaged Conditions</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="164299346" href="https://independent.academia.edu/Miros%C5%82awGerigk">Mirosław Gerigk</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2007</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The paper regards various design and operational problems associated with survivability of surface naval and merchant ships using an alternative probabilistic methodology. This methodology is based on application of the performance-oriented and risk-based approaches. The performance-based approach requires to use the design and hydromechanics-based application methods. A measure of a ship safety in damaged conditions is either a risk or risk level. The risk is estimated using the risk analysis. Between the most important elements of risk analysis are the hazard identification, scenario development, quantitative risk assessment and risk control. The assessment of safety is based on the total risk management TRM approach including the risk assessment and risk management. The detailed discussion regarding the method and modeling will be submitted for publication by the Gdansk University of Technology in separate publication.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Design and Operational Problems of Safety of Surface Naval and Merchant Ships in Damaged Conditions","attachmentId":108828153,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/111237590/Design_and_Operational_Problems_of_Safety_of_Surface_Naval_and_Merchant_Ships_in_Damaged_Conditions","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/111237590/Design_and_Operational_Problems_of_Safety_of_Surface_Naval_and_Merchant_Ships_in_Damaged_Conditions"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="54777732" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/54777732/Reconfiguring_Passenger_Ship_Internal_Environment_for_Damage_Stability_Enhancement">Reconfiguring Passenger Ship Internal Environment for Damage Stability Enhancement</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="34245936" href="https://independent.academia.edu/DracosVassalos">Dracos Vassalos</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Marine Science and Engineering</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The traditional risk control option adopted in naval architecture to meet safety-related objectives is by regulations, targeting damage limitation, nominally instigated in the wake of maritime accidents claiming heavy loss of life. These primarily concern the introduction of watertight bulkheads, i.e., permanent (passive) reconfiguration of the internal ship environment to enhance damage stability. This has been the most common measure, manifesting itself in the wake of every serious flooding accident since the beginning, back in the 19th century. However, traditional flooding protection through watertight subdivision, to an extent dictated by IMO regulations, has a physical limit which, if exceeded, a safety plateau is reached. This is currently the case and with damage stability standards progressively increasing, the safety gap between existing and new ships is dangerously widening and with design stability margins progressively eroding, stability management is unsustainable, lea...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Reconfiguring Passenger Ship Internal Environment for Damage Stability Enhancement","attachmentId":70977465,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/54777732/Reconfiguring_Passenger_Ship_Internal_Environment_for_Damage_Stability_Enhancement","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/54777732/Reconfiguring_Passenger_Ship_Internal_Environment_for_Damage_Stability_Enhancement"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="81358916" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/81358916/eSAFE_cruise_ship_survivability_in_waves">eSAFE - cruise ship survivability in waves</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="34245936" href="https://independent.academia.edu/DracosVassalos">Dracos Vassalos</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2019</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Recent developments in damage stability legislation have been drawn from ships with simple internal watertight architecture such as RoPax and cargo ships. However, ships with complex internal architecture, such as cruise ships, have been rather neglected. In a regulatory context, cruise ships are currently grouped with RoPax and other passenger ships and this can be misleading. Moreover, it is well known that cruise ships vary significantly in their behavior post-flooding incidents in comparison to RoPax ships. This problem has been acknowledged by the Cruise Ship Safety Forum Steering Committee who consequently funded the Joint Industry Project eSAFE to undertake cruise ship-focused research on damage stability. This entails analysis of pertinent simplifications embedded in SOLAS, the development of a methodology to combine consequences from collision and grounding accidents, the establishment of new survival criteria for cruise ships and finally the development of guidelines to us...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"eSAFE - cruise ship survivability in waves","attachmentId":87428937,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/81358916/eSAFE_cruise_ship_survivability_in_waves","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" 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