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overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; -webkit-line-clamp: 3; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; }</style><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><div class="u-floatLeft"><h1 class="PageHeader-title u-m0x u-fs30">Hominin Diet</h1><div class="u-tcGrayDark">347 Followers</div><div class="u-tcGrayDark u-mt2x">Recent papers in <b>Hominin Diet</b></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="TabbedNavigation"><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><ul class="nav u-m0x u-p0x list-inline u-displayFlex"><li class="active"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hominin_Diet">Top Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hominin_Diet/MostCited">Most Cited Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hominin_Diet/MostDownloaded">Most Downloaded Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hominin_Diet/MostRecent">Newest Papers</a></li><li><a class="" href="https://www.academia.edu/People/Hominin_Diet">People</a></li></ul></div><style type="text/css">ul.nav{flex-direction:row}@media(max-width: 567px){ul.nav{flex-direction:column}.TabbedNavigation li{max-width:100%}.TabbedNavigation li.active{background-color:var(--background-grey, #dddde2)}.TabbedNavigation li.active:before,.TabbedNavigation li.active:after{display:none}}</style></div></div></div><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12"><div class="u-displayFlex"><div class="u-flexGrow1"><div class="works"><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_776958 coauthored" data-work_id="776958" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/776958/Rabinovich_R_Gaudzinski_Windheuser_S_Goren_Inbar_N_2008_Systematic_butchering_of_fallow_deer_Dama_at_the_early_Middle_Pleistocene_Acheulian_site_of_Gesher_Benot_Ya_aqov_Israel_Journal_of_Human_Evolution_54_134_149">Rabinovich, R., Gaudzinski-Windheuser, S., Goren-Inbar, N., 2008. Systematic butchering of fallow deer (Dama) at the early Middle Pleistocene Acheulian site of Gesher Benot Ya’aqov (Israel). Journal of Human Evolution 54, 134-149.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Three assemblages of fallow deer (Dama sp.) bones excavated from the early middle Pleistocene (oxygen isotope stage 18) layers of the Acheulian site of Gesher Benot Ya‘aqov, Israel, furnish evidence of systematic and repeated exploitation... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_776958" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Three assemblages of fallow deer (Dama sp.) bones excavated from the early middle Pleistocene (oxygen isotope stage 18) layers of the Acheulian site of Gesher Benot Ya‘aqov, Israel, furnish evidence of systematic and repeated exploitation of complete carcasses by hominins. <br />The excellent state of preservation of the bones and the presence of only minimal signs of carnivore involvement permit an investigation of the role of hominins as the primary agents responsible for the damage to these bones. Hominin expertise in dealing with fallow deer carcasses is manifested by cut marks, percussion marks, and hack marks on the bones. The archaeozoological analysis of the anatomical position and <br />frequency of these marks suggests that carcass processing followed systematic practices that reflect an in-depth knowledge of fallow deer anatomy and a consistent behavioral strategy. These assemblages represent one of the earliest examples of methodological butchering practices in Eurasia. The evidence of carcass processing observed at Gesher Benot Ya‘aqov resembles that seen in late Pleistocene sites in Israel, which were inhabited by modern humans. We interpret the Gesher Benot Ya‘aqov data as indicating that the Acheulian hunters at the site (1) were proficient communicators and learners and (2) possessed anatomical knowledge, considerable manual skill, impressive technological abilities, and foresight.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/776958" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c748fcab2c10ab4fc25d80276cb2dd70" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":4647716,"asset_id":776958,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/4647716/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1NzU4Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="349864" href="https://huji.academia.edu/NaamaGorenInbar">Naama Goren-Inbar</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="349864" type="text/json">{"id":349864,"first_name":"Naama","last_name":"Goren-Inbar","domain_name":"huji","page_name":"NaamaGorenInbar","display_name":"Naama Goren-Inbar","profile_url":"https://huji.academia.edu/NaamaGorenInbar?f_ri=15377","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-776958">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-776958"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://leiza.academia.edu/SabineGaudzinskiWindheuser">Sabine Gaudzinski-Windheuser</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-776958'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-776958').html(); 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container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_776958 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="776958"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 776958; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=776958]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_776958").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_776958").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="776958"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">12</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1624" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zooarchaeology">Zooarchaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1624" type="text/json">{"id":1624,"name":"Zooarchaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zooarchaeology?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4904" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeozoology">Archaeozoology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4904" type="text/json">{"id":4904,"name":"Archaeozoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeozoology?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7610" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Anthropology">Evolutionary Anthropology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7610" type="text/json">{"id":7610,"name":"Evolutionary Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Anthropology?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15377" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hominin_Diet">Hominin Diet</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="15377" type="text/json">{"id":15377,"name":"Hominin Diet","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hominin_Diet?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=776958]'), work: {"id":776958,"title":"Rabinovich, R., Gaudzinski-Windheuser, S., Goren-Inbar, N., 2008. Systematic butchering of fallow deer (Dama) at the early Middle Pleistocene Acheulian site of Gesher Benot Ya’aqov (Israel). Journal of Human Evolution 54, 134-149.","created_at":"2011-07-25T21:59:41.336-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/776958/Rabinovich_R_Gaudzinski_Windheuser_S_Goren_Inbar_N_2008_Systematic_butchering_of_fallow_deer_Dama_at_the_early_Middle_Pleistocene_Acheulian_site_of_Gesher_Benot_Ya_aqov_Israel_Journal_of_Human_Evolution_54_134_149?f_ri=15377","dom_id":"work_776958","summary":"Three assemblages of fallow deer (Dama sp.) bones excavated from the early middle Pleistocene (oxygen isotope stage 18) layers of the Acheulian site of Gesher Benot Ya‘aqov, Israel, furnish evidence of systematic and repeated exploitation of complete carcasses by hominins.\r\nThe excellent state of preservation of the bones and the presence of only minimal signs of carnivore involvement permit an investigation of the role of hominins as the primary agents responsible for the damage to these bones. Hominin expertise in dealing with fallow deer carcasses is manifested by cut marks, percussion marks, and hack marks on the bones. The archaeozoological analysis of the anatomical position and\r\nfrequency of these marks suggests that carcass processing followed systematic practices that reflect an in-depth knowledge of fallow deer anatomy and a consistent behavioral strategy. These assemblages represent one of the earliest examples of methodological butchering practices in Eurasia. The evidence of carcass processing observed at Gesher Benot Ya‘aqov resembles that seen in late Pleistocene sites in Israel, which were inhabited by modern humans. We interpret the Gesher Benot Ya‘aqov data as indicating that the Acheulian hunters at the site (1) were proficient communicators and learners and (2) possessed anatomical knowledge, considerable manual skill, impressive technological abilities, and foresight.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":4647716,"asset_id":776958,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":349864,"first_name":"Naama","last_name":"Goren-Inbar","domain_name":"huji","page_name":"NaamaGorenInbar","display_name":"Naama Goren-Inbar","profile_url":"https://huji.academia.edu/NaamaGorenInbar?f_ri=15377","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":606181,"first_name":"Sabine","last_name":"Gaudzinski-Windheuser","domain_name":"leiza","page_name":"SabineGaudzinskiWindheuser","display_name":"Sabine Gaudzinski-Windheuser","profile_url":"https://leiza.academia.edu/SabineGaudzinskiWindheuser?f_ri=15377","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/606181/212788/248463/s65_sabine.gaudzinski-windheuser.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1624,"name":"Zooarchaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zooarchaeology?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true},{"id":4904,"name":"Archaeozoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeozoology?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true},{"id":7610,"name":"Evolutionary Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Anthropology?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true},{"id":15377,"name":"Hominin Diet","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hominin_Diet?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true},{"id":15780,"name":"Taphonomy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Taphonomy?f_ri=15377"},{"id":26920,"name":"Subsistence systems (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Subsistence_systems_Archaeology_?f_ri=15377"},{"id":28778,"name":"Lower Paleolithic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lower_Paleolithic?f_ri=15377"},{"id":30824,"name":"Subsistance Strategies (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Subsistance_Strategies_Archaeology_?f_ri=15377"},{"id":47094,"name":"Faunal Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Faunal_Analysis?f_ri=15377"},{"id":75618,"name":"Lower Palaeolithic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lower_Palaeolithic?f_ri=15377"},{"id":77544,"name":"Cervidae","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cervidae?f_ri=15377"},{"id":87213,"name":"Vertebrate taphonomy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vertebrate_taphonomy?f_ri=15377"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_10730519" data-work_id="10730519" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/10730519/La_Carne_Caza_Carro%C3%B1eo_y_Evoluci%C3%B3n">La Carne: Caza, Carroñeo y Evolución.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">El presente trabajo se centra en la actual polémica sobre la concepción de los primeros homínidos, bien como cazadores, bien como carroñeros. En él se revisa el estado de la cuestión y se sintetizan las diferencias fundamentales de ambas... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_10730519" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">El presente trabajo se centra en la actual  polémica sobre la concepción de los primeros homínidos, bien como cazadores, bien como carroñeros. En él se revisa el estado de la cuestión y se sintetizan las diferencias fundamentales de ambas perspectivas.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/10730519" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="be74196d51924239d7bef8098c2f1cd1" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":36609581,"asset_id":10730519,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/36609581/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1NzU4Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="26157005" href="https://upo.academia.edu/Ra%C3%BClBarreraLuna">Raül Barrera Luna</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="26157005" type="text/json">{"id":26157005,"first_name":"Raül","last_name":"Barrera Luna","domain_name":"upo","page_name":"RaülBarreraLuna","display_name":"Raül Barrera Luna","profile_url":"https://upo.academia.edu/Ra%C3%BClBarreraLuna?f_ri=15377","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/26157005/7190671/10819259/s65_ra_l.barrera.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_10730519 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="10730519"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 10730519, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_10730519", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=10730519]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_10730519").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_10730519").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="10730519"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15377" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hominin_Diet">Hominin Diet</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="15377" type="text/json">{"id":15377,"name":"Hominin Diet","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hominin_Diet?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="68007" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hominid-Carnivore_interactions">Hominid-Carnivore interactions</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="68007" type="text/json">{"id":68007,"name":"Hominid-Carnivore interactions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hominid-Carnivore_interactions?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="340686" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolucion_Humana">Evolución Humana</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="340686" type="text/json">{"id":340686,"name":"Evolución Humana","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolucion_Humana?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="447801" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolucion">Evolucion</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="447801" type="text/json">{"id":447801,"name":"Evolucion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolucion?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=10730519]'), work: {"id":10730519,"title":"La Carne: Caza, Carroñeo y Evolución.","created_at":"2015-02-12T03:20:56.690-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/10730519/La_Carne_Caza_Carro%C3%B1eo_y_Evoluci%C3%B3n?f_ri=15377","dom_id":"work_10730519","summary":"El presente trabajo se centra en la actual polémica sobre la concepción de los primeros homínidos, bien como cazadores, bien como carroñeros. En él se revisa el estado de la cuestión y se sintetizan las diferencias fundamentales de ambas perspectivas.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":36609581,"asset_id":10730519,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":26157005,"first_name":"Raül","last_name":"Barrera Luna","domain_name":"upo","page_name":"RaülBarreraLuna","display_name":"Raül Barrera Luna","profile_url":"https://upo.academia.edu/Ra%C3%BClBarreraLuna?f_ri=15377","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/26157005/7190671/10819259/s65_ra_l.barrera.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":15377,"name":"Hominin Diet","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hominin_Diet?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true},{"id":68007,"name":"Hominid-Carnivore interactions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hominid-Carnivore_interactions?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true},{"id":340686,"name":"Evolución Humana","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolucion_Humana?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true},{"id":447801,"name":"Evolucion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolucion?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true},{"id":957506,"name":"Evolution of Hominin and Human Behaviour","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolution_of_Hominin_and_Human_Behaviour?f_ri=15377"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_10399516" data-work_id="10399516" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/10399516/Homo_tsaichangensis_and_Gigantopithecus">Homo tsaichangensis and Gigantopithecus</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">An archaic human mandible ("Penghu Man" or Penghu 1, here named Homo tsaichangensis n. sp.) dredged from the Penghu Channel off the west coast of Taiwan shows intriguing similarities to a newly reported jaw fragment from Tegal, central... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_10399516" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">An archaic human mandible ("Penghu Man" or Penghu 1, here named Homo tsaichangensis n. sp.) dredged from the Penghu Channel off the west coast of Taiwan shows intriguing similarities to a newly reported jaw fragment from Tegal, central Java, here assigned to Gigantopithecus cf. G. blacki. These Pleistocene creatures may have inhabited similar environments as part of what is referred to here as the Tegal Penghu Biogeographic Province. In addition to the primates, this province hosted the proboscidean Stegodon and the hyaenid Crocuta. Morphological similarity between the mandibular dentition of H. tsaichangensis n. sp. and Gigantopithecus blacki von Koenigswald, 1935 suggest shared dietary preferences; indeed, the increased size of teeth in H. tsaichangensis n. sp. contrasts sharply with the typical evolutionary trend of "dentognathic reduction" (Chang et al. 2015) in successive species within the genus Homo. The similarities represent an unusual case of convergent evolution between the genus Homo and an unrelated group of primates.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/10399516" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="626ee4132393cca331e0466c494694ce" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":55059377,"asset_id":10399516,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/55059377/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1NzU4Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1807492" href="https://mtholyoke.academia.edu/MarkMcMenamin">Mark McMenamin</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1807492" type="text/json">{"id":1807492,"first_name":"Mark","last_name":"McMenamin","domain_name":"mtholyoke","page_name":"MarkMcMenamin","display_name":"Mark McMenamin","profile_url":"https://mtholyoke.academia.edu/MarkMcMenamin?f_ri=15377","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1807492/617264/766249/s65_mark.mcmenamin.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_10399516 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="10399516"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 10399516, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_10399516", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=10399516]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_10399516").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_10399516").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="10399516"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">15</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="392" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology">Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="392" type="text/json">{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="399" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistoric_Archaeology">Prehistoric Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="399" type="text/json">{"id":399,"name":"Prehistoric Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistoric_Archaeology?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="772" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Evolution">Human Evolution</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="772" type="text/json">{"id":772,"name":"Human Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Evolution?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8225" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Taiwan_Studies">Taiwan Studies</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="8225" type="text/json">{"id":8225,"name":"Taiwan Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Taiwan_Studies?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=10399516]'), work: {"id":10399516,"title":"Homo tsaichangensis and Gigantopithecus","created_at":"2015-01-30T15:24:31.779-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/10399516/Homo_tsaichangensis_and_Gigantopithecus?f_ri=15377","dom_id":"work_10399516","summary":"An archaic human mandible (\"Penghu Man\" or Penghu 1, here named Homo tsaichangensis n. sp.) dredged from the Penghu Channel off the west coast of Taiwan shows intriguing similarities to a newly reported jaw fragment from Tegal, central Java, here assigned to Gigantopithecus cf. G. blacki. These Pleistocene creatures may have inhabited similar environments as part of what is referred to here as the Tegal Penghu Biogeographic Province. In addition to the primates, this province hosted the proboscidean Stegodon and the hyaenid Crocuta. Morphological similarity between the mandibular dentition of H. tsaichangensis n. sp. and Gigantopithecus blacki von Koenigswald, 1935 suggest shared dietary preferences; indeed, the increased size of teeth in H. tsaichangensis n. sp. contrasts sharply with the typical evolutionary trend of \"dentognathic reduction\" (Chang et al. 2015) in successive species within the genus Homo. The similarities represent an unusual case of convergent evolution between the genus Homo and an unrelated group of primates.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":55059377,"asset_id":10399516,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1807492,"first_name":"Mark","last_name":"McMenamin","domain_name":"mtholyoke","page_name":"MarkMcMenamin","display_name":"Mark McMenamin","profile_url":"https://mtholyoke.academia.edu/MarkMcMenamin?f_ri=15377","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1807492/617264/766249/s65_mark.mcmenamin.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true},{"id":399,"name":"Prehistoric Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistoric_Archaeology?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true},{"id":772,"name":"Human Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Evolution?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true},{"id":8225,"name":"Taiwan Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Taiwan_Studies?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true},{"id":15377,"name":"Hominin Diet","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hominin_Diet?f_ri=15377"},{"id":15658,"name":"History of Taiwan","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Taiwan?f_ri=15377"},{"id":26850,"name":"Chinese history (History)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chinese_history_History_?f_ri=15377"},{"id":33713,"name":"Evolution and Human Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolution_and_Human_Behavior?f_ri=15377"},{"id":66145,"name":"Hominin evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hominin_evolution?f_ri=15377"},{"id":184336,"name":"Palaeolithic Archaeology, Hominin Palaeontology, Evolutionary Psychology and Cognitive Psychology, Palaeoecology, Palaeoenvironment, and Palaeoclimate studies, Anthropological Genetics, Palaeopathology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Palaeolithic_Archaeology_Hominin_Palaeontology_Evolutionary_Psychology_and_Cognitive_Psychology_P?f_ri=15377"},{"id":211338,"name":"Archaeology of modern human origins","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology_of_modern_human_origins?f_ri=15377"},{"id":220145,"name":"Early Homo sapiens","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Homo_sapiens?f_ri=15377"},{"id":768538,"name":"Gigantopithecus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gigantopithecus?f_ri=15377"},{"id":807621,"name":"Origins of Modern Homo Sapiens","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Origins_of_Modern_Homo_Sapiens?f_ri=15377"},{"id":1004575,"name":"Human Adventure and the Origins of Modern Culture. Environmental Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Adventure_and_the_Origins_of_Modern_Culture._Environmental_Archaeology?f_ri=15377"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_10312259" data-work_id="10312259" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/10312259/Australopithecus_sediba_Karabo_The_Answer_and_his_Questions">Australopithecus sediba - Karabo: The Answer and his Questions</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">As one of the newest species to enter the pantheon of human ancestors, Australopithecus sediba is remarkable for both it's biology and the story of it's discovery. The Malapa site was discovered by Professor Lee Berger in 2008 using... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_10312259" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">As one of the newest species to enter the pantheon of human ancestors, Australopithecus sediba is remarkable for both it's biology and the story of it's discovery. The Malapa site was discovered by Professor Lee Berger in 2008 using Google Earth and the fossils themselves by his nine year old son Matthew tripping over a rock. The completeness and stunning preservation of the 1.98 million year old Malapa hominins has given us an unprecedented look at the biology of a species in flux, a species that may hold important clues as to the origin of the genus Homo. Karabo, the name given to juvenile male, is the Sesotho work for "the Answer". And he does indeed seem to have brought us tantalisingly close to an answer; but he has raised plenty more questions along the way. <br /><br />This paper is a detailed summary of the hominin species Australopithecus sediba and an analysis of it's impact on the world of paleoanthropology. This paper was the result of an Independent Study Course at college.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/10312259" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="625ec4408f3495f558b2541f2c291e36" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":36384510,"asset_id":10312259,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/36384510/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1NzU4Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="8795249" href="https://montgomerycollege.academia.edu/IanErasmus">Ian Erasmus</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="8795249" type="text/json">{"id":8795249,"first_name":"Ian","last_name":"Erasmus","domain_name":"montgomerycollege","page_name":"IanErasmus","display_name":"Ian Erasmus","profile_url":"https://montgomerycollege.academia.edu/IanErasmus?f_ri=15377","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/8795249/2968533/7760717/s65_ian.erasmus.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_10312259 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="10312259"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 10312259, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_10312259", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=10312259]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_10312259").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_10312259").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="10312259"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="398" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleoanthropology">Paleoanthropology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="398" type="text/json">{"id":398,"name":"Paleoanthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleoanthropology?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10111" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hominin_Growth_and_Development">Hominin Growth and Development</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10111" type="text/json">{"id":10111,"name":"Hominin Growth and Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hominin_Growth_and_Development?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15377" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hominin_Diet">Hominin Diet</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="15377" type="text/json">{"id":15377,"name":"Hominin Diet","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hominin_Diet?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="56478" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Australopithecus">Australopithecus</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="56478" type="text/json">{"id":56478,"name":"Australopithecus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Australopithecus?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=10312259]'), work: {"id":10312259,"title":"Australopithecus sediba - Karabo: The Answer and his Questions","created_at":"2015-01-24T08:48:51.044-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/10312259/Australopithecus_sediba_Karabo_The_Answer_and_his_Questions?f_ri=15377","dom_id":"work_10312259","summary":"As one of the newest species to enter the pantheon of human ancestors, Australopithecus sediba is remarkable for both it's biology and the story of it's discovery. The Malapa site was discovered by Professor Lee Berger in 2008 using Google Earth and the fossils themselves by his nine year old son Matthew tripping over a rock. The completeness and stunning preservation of the 1.98 million year old Malapa hominins has given us an unprecedented look at the biology of a species in flux, a species that may hold important clues as to the origin of the genus Homo. Karabo, the name given to juvenile male, is the Sesotho work for \"the Answer\". And he does indeed seem to have brought us tantalisingly close to an answer; but he has raised plenty more questions along the way. \n\nThis paper is a detailed summary of the hominin species Australopithecus sediba and an analysis of it's impact on the world of paleoanthropology. This paper was the result of an Independent Study Course at college.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":36384510,"asset_id":10312259,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":8795249,"first_name":"Ian","last_name":"Erasmus","domain_name":"montgomerycollege","page_name":"IanErasmus","display_name":"Ian Erasmus","profile_url":"https://montgomerycollege.academia.edu/IanErasmus?f_ri=15377","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/8795249/2968533/7760717/s65_ian.erasmus.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":398,"name":"Paleoanthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleoanthropology?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true},{"id":10111,"name":"Hominin Growth and Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hominin_Growth_and_Development?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true},{"id":15377,"name":"Hominin Diet","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hominin_Diet?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true},{"id":56478,"name":"Australopithecus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Australopithecus?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true},{"id":61866,"name":"South Africa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_Africa?f_ri=15377"},{"id":66145,"name":"Hominin evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hominin_evolution?f_ri=15377"},{"id":77350,"name":"Sterkfontein","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sterkfontein?f_ri=15377"},{"id":219792,"name":"Australopithecus sediba","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Australopithecus_sediba?f_ri=15377"},{"id":957506,"name":"Evolution of Hominin and Human Behaviour","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolution_of_Hominin_and_Human_Behaviour?f_ri=15377"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_14830145" data-work_id="14830145" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/14830145/The_Evolution_of_Early_Hominin_Diet">The Evolution of Early Hominin Diet</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Essay written for a course titled "Themes in Palaeoanthropology and Palaeolithic Archaeology" taken at UCL, spring 2015 as part of the requirements for an MSc in Palaeoanthropology and Palaeolithic Archaeology.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/14830145" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b677d6f565e33b858251a0d34cb7f396" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":38437098,"asset_id":14830145,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/38437098/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1NzU4Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="22202324" href="https://indiana.academia.edu/LindseyKitchell">Lindsey Kitchell</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="22202324" type="text/json">{"id":22202324,"first_name":"Lindsey","last_name":"Kitchell","domain_name":"indiana","page_name":"LindseyKitchell","display_name":"Lindsey Kitchell","profile_url":"https://indiana.academia.edu/LindseyKitchell?f_ri=15377","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/22202324/6073596/9646789/s65_lindsey.kitchell.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_14830145 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="14830145"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 14830145, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_14830145", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_14830145 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 14830145; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_14830145"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_14830145 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="14830145"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 14830145; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=14830145]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_14830145").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_14830145").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="14830145"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i></div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl6x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15377" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hominin_Diet">Hominin Diet</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="15377" type="text/json">{"id":15377,"name":"Hominin Diet","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hominin_Diet?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (false) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=14830145]'), work: {"id":14830145,"title":"The Evolution of Early Hominin Diet","created_at":"2015-08-10T11:33:43.655-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/14830145/The_Evolution_of_Early_Hominin_Diet?f_ri=15377","dom_id":"work_14830145","summary":"Essay written for a course titled \"Themes in Palaeoanthropology and Palaeolithic Archaeology\" taken at UCL, spring 2015 as part of the requirements for an MSc in Palaeoanthropology and Palaeolithic Archaeology. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":38437098,"asset_id":14830145,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":22202324,"first_name":"Lindsey","last_name":"Kitchell","domain_name":"indiana","page_name":"LindseyKitchell","display_name":"Lindsey Kitchell","profile_url":"https://indiana.academia.edu/LindseyKitchell?f_ri=15377","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/22202324/6073596/9646789/s65_lindsey.kitchell.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":15377,"name":"Hominin Diet","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hominin_Diet?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_25165543" data-work_id="25165543" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/25165543/The_faunal_remains_from_Bundu_Farm_and_Pniel_6_examining_the_problematic_Middle_Stone_Age_archaeological_record_within_the_southern_African_interior">The faunal remains from Bundu Farm and Pniel 6: examining the problematic Middle Stone Age archaeological record within the southern African interior.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Open-air and interior sites are not prominently featured among models of Middle Stone Age (MSA) subsistence behavior in southern Africa. Thus, the current view of MSA subsistence reflects adaptations interpreted predominantly from coastal... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_25165543" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Open-air and interior sites are not prominently featured among models of Middle Stone Age (MSA) subsistence behavior in southern Africa. Thus, the current view of MSA subsistence reflects adaptations interpreted predominantly from coastal rockshelter locations. An attempt to address this gap is presented here with the analysis of the faunal assemblages from Bundu Farm and Pniel 6, two early MSA open-air sites located well within the interior of southern Africa in the Northern Cape, South Africa. Zooarchaeological and taphonomic signatures of the Bundu Farm assemblage suggest some primary access to animal carcasses, while the same measures imply secondary scavenging by early MSA hominins at Pniel 6. A number of other open-air interior sites include similarly ambiguous evidence for the role of hunting and/or scavenging in hominin subsistence during the MSA. Due to the lack of archaeological surveys directed at finding open-air sites and several taphonomic factors that disproportionately obscure indications of hominin behavior in open-air settings, the archaeological records between open-air interior sites and coastal rockshelter sites are fundamentally incomparable. From an ecological perspective, MSA subsistence was a product of behavioral adaptations to environmental factors and resource availability, the influences of which were likely different between interior and coastal ecosystems. Much like historical hunter-gathers of the region, MSA hominins inhabiting the more marginal environments within the southern African interior may have relied more heavily on gathered plant foods rather than hunting for subsistence.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/25165543" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ad035972bd72362358a4e28872ff0ff9" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":55971288,"asset_id":25165543,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/55971288/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1NzU4Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3372824" href="https://leiza.academia.edu/JarodHutson">Jarod Hutson</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3372824" type="text/json">{"id":3372824,"first_name":"Jarod","last_name":"Hutson","domain_name":"leiza","page_name":"JarodHutson","display_name":"Jarod Hutson","profile_url":"https://leiza.academia.edu/JarodHutson?f_ri=15377","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3372824/2236232/2616473/s65_jarod.hutson.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_25165543 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="25165543"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 25165543, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_25165543", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_25165543 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 25165543; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_25165543"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_25165543 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="25165543"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 25165543; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=25165543]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_25165543").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_25165543").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="25165543"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1624" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zooarchaeology">Zooarchaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1624" type="text/json">{"id":1624,"name":"Zooarchaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zooarchaeology?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4904" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeozoology">Archaeozoology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4904" type="text/json">{"id":4904,"name":"Archaeozoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeozoology?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15377" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hominin_Diet">Hominin Diet</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="15377" type="text/json">{"id":15377,"name":"Hominin Diet","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hominin_Diet?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15778" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_Stone_Age_Archaeology_">Middle Stone Age (Archaeology)</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="15778" type="text/json">{"id":15778,"name":"Middle Stone Age (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_Stone_Age_Archaeology_?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=25165543]'), work: {"id":25165543,"title":"The faunal remains from Bundu Farm and Pniel 6: examining the problematic Middle Stone Age archaeological record within the southern African interior.","created_at":"2016-05-09T08:24:58.208-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/25165543/The_faunal_remains_from_Bundu_Farm_and_Pniel_6_examining_the_problematic_Middle_Stone_Age_archaeological_record_within_the_southern_African_interior?f_ri=15377","dom_id":"work_25165543","summary":"Open-air and interior sites are not prominently featured among models of Middle Stone Age (MSA) subsistence behavior in southern Africa. Thus, the current view of MSA subsistence reflects adaptations interpreted predominantly from coastal rockshelter locations. An attempt to address this gap is presented here with the analysis of the faunal assemblages from Bundu Farm and Pniel 6, two early MSA open-air sites located well within the interior of southern Africa in the Northern Cape, South Africa. Zooarchaeological and taphonomic signatures of the Bundu Farm assemblage suggest some primary access to animal carcasses, while the same measures imply secondary scavenging by early MSA hominins at Pniel 6. A number of other open-air interior sites include similarly ambiguous evidence for the role of hunting and/or scavenging in hominin subsistence during the MSA. Due to the lack of archaeological surveys directed at finding open-air sites and several taphonomic factors that disproportionately obscure indications of hominin behavior in open-air settings, the archaeological records between open-air interior sites and coastal rockshelter sites are fundamentally incomparable. From an ecological perspective, MSA subsistence was a product of behavioral adaptations to environmental factors and resource availability, the influences of which were likely different between interior and coastal ecosystems. Much like historical hunter-gathers of the region, MSA hominins inhabiting the more marginal environments within the southern African interior may have relied more heavily on gathered plant foods rather than hunting for subsistence.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":55971288,"asset_id":25165543,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3372824,"first_name":"Jarod","last_name":"Hutson","domain_name":"leiza","page_name":"JarodHutson","display_name":"Jarod Hutson","profile_url":"https://leiza.academia.edu/JarodHutson?f_ri=15377","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3372824/2236232/2616473/s65_jarod.hutson.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1624,"name":"Zooarchaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zooarchaeology?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true},{"id":4904,"name":"Archaeozoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeozoology?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true},{"id":15377,"name":"Hominin Diet","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hominin_Diet?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true},{"id":15778,"name":"Middle Stone Age (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_Stone_Age_Archaeology_?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true},{"id":15780,"name":"Taphonomy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Taphonomy?f_ri=15377"},{"id":24577,"name":"South Africa (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_Africa_Archaeology_?f_ri=15377"},{"id":47094,"name":"Faunal Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Faunal_Analysis?f_ri=15377"},{"id":66145,"name":"Hominin evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hominin_evolution?f_ri=15377"},{"id":87213,"name":"Vertebrate taphonomy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vertebrate_taphonomy?f_ri=15377"},{"id":957506,"name":"Evolution of Hominin and Human Behaviour","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolution_of_Hominin_and_Human_Behaviour?f_ri=15377"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_22181341 coauthored" data-work_id="22181341" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/22181341/Testing_hypotheses_of_dietary_reconstruction_from_buccal_dental_microwear_in_Australopithecus_afarensis">Testing hypotheses of dietary reconstruction from buccal dental microwear in Australopithecus afarensis</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">A recent study of occlusal microwear in Australopithecus afarensis described this species as an opportunistic dweller, living in both forested and open environments and greatly relying on fallback resources and using fewer food-processing... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_22181341" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">A recent study of occlusal microwear in Australopithecus afarensis described this species as an opportunistic dweller, living in both forested and open environments and greatly relying on fallback resources and using fewer food-processing activities than previously suggested. In the present study, analysis of buccal microwear variability in a sample of A. afarensis specimens (n ¼ 75 teeth) showed no significant correlations with the ecological shift that took place around 3.5 Ma in Africa. These results are consistent with the occlusal microwear data available. In fact, significant correlations between buccal and occlusal microwear variables were found. However, comparison of the buccal microwear patterns showed clear similarities between A. afarensis and those hominoid species living in somewhat open environments, especially the Cameroon gorillas. A diet based mainly on succulent fruits and seasonal fallback resources would be consistent with the buccal microwear patterns observed.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/22181341" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="1358cc93787230b87ff961d22e81c134" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":42840104,"asset_id":22181341,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/42840104/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1NzU4Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="28832602" href="https://independent.academia.edu/DANIELTURBON">DANIEL TURBON</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="28832602" type="text/json">{"id":28832602,"first_name":"DANIEL","last_name":"TURBON","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"DANIELTURBON","display_name":"DANIEL TURBON","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/DANIELTURBON?f_ri=15377","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/28832602/11615230/12952489/s65_daniel.turbon.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-22181341">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-22181341"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://ub.academia.edu/AlejandroPerezPerez">Alejandro Perez-Perez</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-22181341'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-22181341').html(); 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A diet based mainly on succulent fruits and seasonal fallback resources would be consistent with the buccal microwear patterns observed.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":42840104,"asset_id":22181341,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":28832602,"first_name":"DANIEL","last_name":"TURBON","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"DANIELTURBON","display_name":"DANIEL TURBON","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/DANIELTURBON?f_ri=15377","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/28832602/11615230/12952489/s65_daniel.turbon.jpg"},{"id":2629464,"first_name":"Alejandro","last_name":"Perez-Perez","domain_name":"ub","page_name":"AlejandroPerezPerez","display_name":"Alejandro Perez-Perez","profile_url":"https://ub.academia.edu/AlejandroPerezPerez?f_ri=15377","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2629464/10492252/11707168/s65_alejandro.perez-perez.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":155,"name":"Evolutionary 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(2009) The Evolution of Hominin Diets: Integrating Approaches to the Study of Palaeolithic Subsistence. </a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/1795691" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="444df6f62f31c9d35c3e0710d075b8c0" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":25500728,"asset_id":1795691,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/25500728/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1NzU4Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="203708" href="https://eva-mpg.academia.edu/JeanJacquesHublin">Jean-Jacques Hublin</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="203708" type="text/json">{"id":203708,"first_name":"Jean-Jacques","last_name":"Hublin","domain_name":"eva-mpg","page_name":"JeanJacquesHublin","display_name":"Jean-Jacques Hublin","profile_url":"https://eva-mpg.academia.edu/JeanJacquesHublin?f_ri=15377","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/203708/352648/1039737/s65_jean-jacques.hublin.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_1795691 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="1795691"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 1795691, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_1795691", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_1795691 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1795691; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_1795691"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_1795691 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="1795691"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1795691; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1795691]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_1795691").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_1795691").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="1795691"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i></div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl6x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15377" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hominin_Diet">Hominin Diet</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="15377" type="text/json">{"id":15377,"name":"Hominin Diet","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hominin_Diet?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (false) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=1795691]'), work: {"id":1795691,"title":"Hublin, J.-J. and M.P. Richards, eds. (2009) The Evolution of Hominin Diets: Integrating Approaches to the Study of Palaeolithic Subsistence. ","created_at":"2012-07-18T23:17:02.232-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/1795691/Hublin_J_J_and_M_P_Richards_eds_2009_The_Evolution_of_Hominin_Diets_Integrating_Approaches_to_the_Study_of_Palaeolithic_Subsistence?f_ri=15377","dom_id":"work_1795691","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":25500728,"asset_id":1795691,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":203708,"first_name":"Jean-Jacques","last_name":"Hublin","domain_name":"eva-mpg","page_name":"JeanJacquesHublin","display_name":"Jean-Jacques Hublin","profile_url":"https://eva-mpg.academia.edu/JeanJacquesHublin?f_ri=15377","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/203708/352648/1039737/s65_jean-jacques.hublin.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":15377,"name":"Hominin Diet","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hominin_Diet?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_17460010 coauthored" data-work_id="17460010" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/17460010/Tropical_forager_gastrophagy_and_its_implications_for_extinct_hominin_diets">Tropical forager gastrophagy and its implications for extinct hominin diets</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Reconstruction of extinct hominin diets is currently a topic of much interest and debate, facilitated by new methods such as the analysis of dental calculus. It has been proposed, based on chemical analyses of calculus, that Neanderthals... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_17460010" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Reconstruction of extinct hominin diets is currently a topic of much interest and debate, facilitated by new methods such as the analysis of dental calculus. It has been proposed, based on chemical analyses of calculus, that Neanderthals self-medicated, yet this conclusion has been questioned. Gastrophagy has been suggested as an alternative explanation for the Neanderthal data, based on ethnographic analogies, which show this practice to have been widespread in traditional extant Homo sapiens diets, and nutritional evidence for its benefits at high latitudes. Here we expand the discussion of the potential importance of gastrophagy in human evolution by considering its role for an extant group of tropical foragers, theHadza of Tanzania, and questioning its role in the diets of extinct tropical hominin species. Gastrophagy is frequently practiced among the Hadza and adultmen in particular consume substantial, seasonally variable, amounts of prey guts. In addition to the important fact that gastrophagy is not a rare event, this demographic information may be useful in interpreting evidence from archaeological samples. The consumption of semi-digested chyme would have allowed extinct hominins to gain calories from plant sources without the cost of digesting them, possibly contributing to the encephalisation and shrinking of the gut in genus Homo. As an easy to process food-source, chyme could have likewise been an important food source for the old and the young, potentially playing a part in reducing inter-birth intervals and increasing reproductive success in our lineage. Thus, gastrophagy may have played a key part in human evolution and its potentially confounding signal should be considered in future dietary reconstructions.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/17460010" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5dacec3d60cef389990909ce0144df57" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":39520512,"asset_id":17460010,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/39520512/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1NzU4Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="427079" href="https://ljmu.academia.edu/LauraBuck">Laura T Buck</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="427079" type="text/json">{"id":427079,"first_name":"Laura","last_name":"Buck","domain_name":"ljmu","page_name":"LauraBuck","display_name":"Laura T Buck","profile_url":"https://ljmu.academia.edu/LauraBuck?f_ri=15377","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/427079/141381/20589563/s65_laura.buck.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-17460010">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-17460010"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://nhm.academia.edu/ChrisStringer">Chris Stringer</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-17460010'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-17460010').html(); 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It has been proposed, based on chemical analyses of calculus, that Neanderthals self-medicated, yet this conclusion has been questioned. Gastrophagy has been suggested as an alternative explanation for the Neanderthal data, based on ethnographic analogies, which show this practice to have been widespread in traditional extant Homo sapiens diets, and nutritional evidence for its benefits at high latitudes. Here we expand the discussion of the potential importance of gastrophagy in human evolution by considering its role for an extant group of tropical foragers, theHadza of Tanzania, and questioning its role in the diets of extinct tropical hominin species. Gastrophagy is frequently practiced among the Hadza and adultmen in particular consume substantial, seasonally variable, amounts of prey guts. In addition to the important fact that gastrophagy is not a rare event, this demographic information may be useful in interpreting evidence from archaeological samples. The consumption of semi-digested chyme would have allowed extinct hominins to gain calories from plant sources without the cost of digesting them, possibly contributing to the encephalisation and shrinking of the gut in genus Homo. As an easy to process food-source, chyme could have likewise been an important food source for the old and the young, potentially playing a part in reducing inter-birth intervals and increasing reproductive success in our lineage. Thus, gastrophagy may have played a key part in human evolution and its potentially confounding signal should be considered in future dietary reconstructions.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":39520512,"asset_id":17460010,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":427079,"first_name":"Laura","last_name":"Buck","domain_name":"ljmu","page_name":"LauraBuck","display_name":"Laura T Buck","profile_url":"https://ljmu.academia.edu/LauraBuck?f_ri=15377","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/427079/141381/20589563/s65_laura.buck.jpg"},{"id":6124430,"first_name":"Chris","last_name":"Stringer","domain_name":"nhm","page_name":"ChrisStringer","display_name":"Chris Stringer","profile_url":"https://nhm.academia.edu/ChrisStringer?f_ri=15377","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6124430/18246702/18221464/s65_chris.stringer.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":772,"name":"Human 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Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dental_Anthropology?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9478" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diet">Diet</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9478" type="text/json">{"id":9478,"name":"Diet","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diet?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15377" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hominin_Diet">Hominin Diet</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="15377" type="text/json">{"id":15377,"name":"Hominin Diet","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hominin_Diet?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=951313]'), work: {"id":951313,"title":"Las dietas de los hominini plio-pleistocénicos de África del este y del sur: del bosque cerrado a las sabanas abiertas.","created_at":"2011-09-26T01:08:57.492-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/951313/Las_dietas_de_los_hominini_plio_pleistoc%C3%A9nicos_de_%C3%81frica_del_este_y_del_sur_del_bosque_cerrado_a_las_sabanas_abiertas?f_ri=15377","dom_id":"work_951313","summary":"Ni el propietario del copyright, ni los patrocinadores, ni las entidades que avalan esta obra, pueden ser considerados legalmente responsables de la aparición de información inexacta, errónea o difamatoria, siendo los autores los responsables de la misma.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":6987626,"asset_id":951313,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":116001,"first_name":"Jordi","last_name":"Galbany","domain_name":"barcelona","page_name":"JordiGalbany","display_name":"Jordi Galbany","profile_url":"https://barcelona.academia.edu/JordiGalbany?f_ri=15377","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/116001/31173/20316629/s65_jordi.galbany.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":772,"name":"Human Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Evolution?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true},{"id":6470,"name":"Dental Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dental_Anthropology?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true},{"id":9478,"name":"Diet","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diet?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true},{"id":15377,"name":"Hominin Diet","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hominin_Diet?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true},{"id":22210,"name":"Dental microwear","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dental_microwear?f_ri=15377"},{"id":23222,"name":"Foraging 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class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_20337316" data-work_id="20337316" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/20337316/PIN_BBM_5994E840_Obat_Pelangsing_Yang_Aman_Dan_Tanpa_Efek_Samping_Diet_Super_Cepat_Tanpa_Obat">PIN BBM 5994E840, Obat Pelangsing Yang Aman Dan Tanpa Efek Samping, Diet Super Cepat Tanpa Obat</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">obat pelangsing yang aman dan tanpa efek samping, diet super cepat tanpa obat, diet cepat dalam seminggu tanpa obat, diet cepat kurus tanpa obat, diet cepat 1 minggu tanpa obat, obat pelangsing tanpa efek samping, diet cepat 2 minggu... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_20337316" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">obat pelangsing yang aman dan tanpa efek samping, diet super cepat tanpa obat, diet cepat dalam seminggu tanpa obat, diet cepat kurus tanpa obat, diet cepat 1 minggu tanpa obat, obat pelangsing tanpa efek samping, diet cepat 2 minggu tanpa obat, diet cepat tanpa olahraga dan obat, obat pelangsing tanpa ketergantungan, obat pelangsing tanpa sibutramin, beli obat diet super cepat, beli obat diet super cepat, jual obat diet, jual obat diet murah banget, obat pelangsing tanpa lapar, diet sehat dan cepat tanpa obat, langsing alami cepat tanpa obat, diet dengan cepat tanpa obat, diet salami tanpa obat dan cepat, diet aman dan cepat tanpa obat, <br /><br />Program Pembentukan Badan Ideal<br />Dan Kontrol Diabetes<br />Program pembentukan Badan Ideal ini merupakan program yang membantu anda mendapatkan berat badan ideal dengan cara alami sekaligus mendapatkan penampilan lebih muda karena dengan program  ini asupan gula dalam tubuh akan dikontrol (block) sehingga mekanisme pembakaran cadangan lemak menjadi konsisten dan membuat tubuh anda akan menjadi ideal. <br />Karena terjadi dengan alami  maka  dengan program ini anda tidak akan merasakan dehidrasi atau lemas seperti yang pada umumnya terjadi ketika sedang berdiet. Anda tetap dapat menikmati makan pagi ataupun malam sehingga tidak memerlukan makanan pengganti, kalaupun anda harus memilah makanan namun anda akan tetap bisa menikmati makanan kesukaan anda.<br />Program ini menggunakan  produk terbaru dari Morinda International, yaitu : TruAge BODY Sugar Stop yang di Indonesia dikenal dengan nama TruAge Body FiberBlend . Produk yang sederhana ini  membantu anda menemukan berat badan ideal tanpa harus bersusah payah berdiet atau olahraga terus menerus. <br /><br />PT MORINDA INDEPENDEN<br />PIN BB : 5994E840<br />Transfer ke : Bank BCA 035 308 6968</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/20337316" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c292d6ee7f6175a3d0560d33d50ca4cc" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":41295923,"asset_id":20337316,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/41295923/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1NzU4Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="41505657" rel="nofollow" href="https://independent.academia.edu/DietTanpaEfekSamping">Diet Tanpa Efek Samping</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="41505657" type="text/json">{"id":41505657,"first_name":"Diet Tanpa","last_name":"Efek Samping","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"DietTanpaEfekSamping","display_name":"Diet Tanpa Efek Samping","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/DietTanpaEfekSamping?f_ri=15377","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_20337316 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="20337316"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 20337316, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_20337316", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=20337316]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_20337316").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_20337316").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="20337316"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">16</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="591" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nutrition_and_Dietetics">Nutrition and Dietetics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="591" type="text/json">{"id":591,"name":"Nutrition and Dietetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nutrition_and_Dietetics?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9478" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diet">Diet</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9478" type="text/json">{"id":9478,"name":"Diet","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diet?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12550" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dietrich_Von_Hildebrand">Dietrich Von Hildebrand</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12550" type="text/json">{"id":12550,"name":"Dietrich Von Hildebrand","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dietrich_Von_Hildebrand?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15377" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hominin_Diet">Hominin Diet</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="15377" type="text/json">{"id":15377,"name":"Hominin Diet","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hominin_Diet?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=20337316]'), work: {"id":20337316,"title":"PIN BBM 5994E840, Obat Pelangsing Yang Aman Dan Tanpa Efek Samping, Diet Super Cepat Tanpa Obat","created_at":"2016-01-17T17:29:41.472-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/20337316/PIN_BBM_5994E840_Obat_Pelangsing_Yang_Aman_Dan_Tanpa_Efek_Samping_Diet_Super_Cepat_Tanpa_Obat?f_ri=15377","dom_id":"work_20337316","summary":"obat pelangsing yang aman dan tanpa efek samping, diet super cepat tanpa obat, diet cepat dalam seminggu tanpa obat, diet cepat kurus tanpa obat, diet cepat 1 minggu tanpa obat, obat pelangsing tanpa efek samping, diet cepat 2 minggu tanpa obat, diet cepat tanpa olahraga dan obat, obat pelangsing tanpa ketergantungan, obat pelangsing tanpa sibutramin, beli obat diet super cepat, beli obat diet super cepat, jual obat diet, jual obat diet murah banget, obat pelangsing tanpa lapar, diet sehat dan cepat tanpa obat, langsing alami cepat tanpa obat, diet dengan cepat tanpa obat, diet salami tanpa obat dan cepat, diet aman dan cepat tanpa obat, \n\nProgram Pembentukan Badan Ideal\nDan Kontrol Diabetes\nProgram pembentukan Badan Ideal ini merupakan program yang membantu anda mendapatkan berat badan ideal dengan cara alami sekaligus mendapatkan penampilan lebih muda karena dengan program ini asupan gula dalam tubuh akan dikontrol (block) sehingga mekanisme pembakaran cadangan lemak menjadi konsisten dan membuat tubuh anda akan menjadi ideal. \nKarena terjadi dengan alami maka dengan program ini anda tidak akan merasakan dehidrasi atau lemas seperti yang pada umumnya terjadi ketika sedang berdiet. Anda tetap dapat menikmati makan pagi ataupun malam sehingga tidak memerlukan makanan pengganti, kalaupun anda harus memilah makanan namun anda akan tetap bisa menikmati makanan kesukaan anda.\nProgram ini menggunakan produk terbaru dari Morinda International, yaitu : TruAge BODY Sugar Stop yang di Indonesia dikenal dengan nama TruAge Body FiberBlend . Produk yang sederhana ini membantu anda menemukan berat badan ideal tanpa harus bersusah payah berdiet atau olahraga terus menerus. \n\nPT MORINDA INDEPENDEN\nPIN BB : 5994E840\nTransfer ke : Bank BCA 035 308 6968","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":41295923,"asset_id":20337316,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":41505657,"first_name":"Diet Tanpa","last_name":"Efek Samping","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"DietTanpaEfekSamping","display_name":"Diet Tanpa Efek Samping","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/DietTanpaEfekSamping?f_ri=15377","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":591,"name":"Nutrition and Dietetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nutrition_and_Dietetics?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true},{"id":9478,"name":"Diet","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diet?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true},{"id":12550,"name":"Dietrich Von Hildebrand","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dietrich_Von_Hildebrand?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true},{"id":15377,"name":"Hominin Diet","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hominin_Diet?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true},{"id":32300,"name":"Dietrich Bonhoeffer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dietrich_Bonhoeffer?f_ri=15377"},{"id":152562,"name":"Dietary Supplements","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dietary_Supplements?f_ri=15377"},{"id":161635,"name":"Nutrition and Diet","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nutrition_and_Diet?f_ri=15377"},{"id":256581,"name":"Dietetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dietetics?f_ri=15377"},{"id":287507,"name":"Prehistoric diets","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistoric_diets?f_ri=15377"},{"id":393307,"name":"Diet and Subsistence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diet_and_Subsistence?f_ri=15377"},{"id":426093,"name":"Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Nutrition_and_Dietetics?f_ri=15377"},{"id":451860,"name":"Paleo Diet","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleo_Diet?f_ri=15377"},{"id":452474,"name":"Dietary fiber","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dietary_fiber?f_ri=15377"},{"id":478991,"name":"Mediterranean diet","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mediterranean_diet?f_ri=15377"},{"id":514281,"name":"Human Nutrition and Dietetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Nutrition_and_Dietetics?f_ri=15377"},{"id":1682372,"name":"NUTRICIÓN Y DIETÉTICA","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/NUTRICI%C3%93N_Y_DIET%C3%89TICA?f_ri=15377"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_779316" data-work_id="779316" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/779316/Gaudzinski_Windheuser_S_Niven_L_2009_Hominid_subsistence_patterns_during_the_Middle_and_Late_Paleolithic_in_Northwestern_Europe_In_J_J_Hublin_M_P_Richards_Eds_The_Evolution_of_Hominin_diets_Springer_Dordrecht_99_111">Gaudzinski-Windheuser, S., Niven, L., 2009. Hominid subsistence patterns during the Middle and Late Paleolithic in Northwestern Europe. In: J.-J. Hublin, M.P. Richards (Eds.), The Evolution of Hominin diets. Springer, Dordrecht, 99-111.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The aim of this paper is to more clearly classify Middle Paleolithic subsistence tactics by considering this evidence against an Upper Paleolithic background, where we discern a clearer picture of human subsistence tactics. Therefore, a... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_779316" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The aim of this paper is to more clearly classify<br />Middle Paleolithic subsistence tactics by considering this<br />evidence against an Upper Paleolithic background, where<br />we discern a clearer picture of human subsistence tactics.<br />Therefore, a diachronous comparative analysis of reindeer<br />assemblages from northwestern European archaeological<br />sites was undertaken. Differences in exploitation strategies<br />become clearly visible for the late Upper Paleolithic, which<br />can be interpreted to partly reflect the demands of elaborate<br />settlement dynamics, evidence of which we especially lack<br />for the Middle Paleolithic. Because of these differences in<br />social networking strategies between Middle and Upper<br />Palaeolithic groups, it seems highly likely that subsistence<br />behavior involving the careful selection of large mammal<br />resources was particularly crucial to maintaining high foraging<br />return rates during the Middle Palaeolithic.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/779316" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f19186105cfa584a8c28b3ed575b3132" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":4647946,"asset_id":779316,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/4647946/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1NzU4Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="606181" href="https://leiza.academia.edu/SabineGaudzinskiWindheuser">Sabine Gaudzinski-Windheuser</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="606181" type="text/json">{"id":606181,"first_name":"Sabine","last_name":"Gaudzinski-Windheuser","domain_name":"leiza","page_name":"SabineGaudzinskiWindheuser","display_name":"Sabine Gaudzinski-Windheuser","profile_url":"https://leiza.academia.edu/SabineGaudzinskiWindheuser?f_ri=15377","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/606181/212788/248463/s65_sabine.gaudzinski-windheuser.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_779316 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="779316"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 779316, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_779316", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=779316]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_779316").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_779316").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="779316"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">14</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1624" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zooarchaeology">Zooarchaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1624" type="text/json">{"id":1624,"name":"Zooarchaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zooarchaeology?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4904" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeozoology">Archaeozoology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4904" type="text/json">{"id":4904,"name":"Archaeozoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeozoology?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7610" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Anthropology">Evolutionary Anthropology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7610" type="text/json">{"id":7610,"name":"Evolutionary Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Anthropology?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15377" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hominin_Diet">Hominin Diet</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="15377" type="text/json">{"id":15377,"name":"Hominin Diet","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hominin_Diet?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=779316]'), work: {"id":779316,"title":"Gaudzinski-Windheuser, S., Niven, L., 2009. Hominid subsistence patterns during the Middle and Late Paleolithic in Northwestern Europe. In: J.-J. Hublin, M.P. Richards (Eds.), The Evolution of Hominin diets. Springer, Dordrecht, 99-111.","created_at":"2011-07-26T19:10:05.557-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/779316/Gaudzinski_Windheuser_S_Niven_L_2009_Hominid_subsistence_patterns_during_the_Middle_and_Late_Paleolithic_in_Northwestern_Europe_In_J_J_Hublin_M_P_Richards_Eds_The_Evolution_of_Hominin_diets_Springer_Dordrecht_99_111?f_ri=15377","dom_id":"work_779316","summary":"The aim of this paper is to more clearly classify\nMiddle Paleolithic subsistence tactics by considering this\nevidence against an Upper Paleolithic background, where\nwe discern a clearer picture of human subsistence tactics.\nTherefore, a diachronous comparative analysis of reindeer\nassemblages from northwestern European archaeological\nsites was undertaken. Differences in exploitation strategies\nbecome clearly visible for the late Upper Paleolithic, which\ncan be interpreted to partly reflect the demands of elaborate\nsettlement dynamics, evidence of which we especially lack\nfor the Middle Paleolithic. Because of these differences in\nsocial networking strategies between Middle and Upper\nPalaeolithic groups, it seems highly likely that subsistence\nbehavior involving the careful selection of large mammal\nresources was particularly crucial to maintaining high foraging\nreturn rates during the Middle Palaeolithic.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":4647946,"asset_id":779316,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":606181,"first_name":"Sabine","last_name":"Gaudzinski-Windheuser","domain_name":"leiza","page_name":"SabineGaudzinskiWindheuser","display_name":"Sabine Gaudzinski-Windheuser","profile_url":"https://leiza.academia.edu/SabineGaudzinskiWindheuser?f_ri=15377","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/606181/212788/248463/s65_sabine.gaudzinski-windheuser.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1624,"name":"Zooarchaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zooarchaeology?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true},{"id":4904,"name":"Archaeozoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeozoology?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true},{"id":7610,"name":"Evolutionary Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Anthropology?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true},{"id":15377,"name":"Hominin Diet","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hominin_Diet?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true},{"id":29144,"name":"Middle to Upper Paleolithic Transition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_to_Upper_Paleolithic_Transition?f_ri=15377"},{"id":29226,"name":"Archaeology of Hunting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology_of_Hunting?f_ri=15377"},{"id":30824,"name":"Subsistance Strategies (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Subsistance_Strategies_Archaeology_?f_ri=15377"},{"id":30825,"name":"Upper Paleolithic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Upper_Paleolithic?f_ri=15377"},{"id":41112,"name":"Middle Palaeolithic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_Palaeolithic?f_ri=15377"},{"id":47094,"name":"Faunal Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Faunal_Analysis?f_ri=15377"},{"id":158384,"name":"Reindeer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reindeer?f_ri=15377"},{"id":165119,"name":"Archaeological Faunal Analysis, Shell Artifacts, Fisheries","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeological_Faunal_Analysis_Shell_Artifacts_Fisheries?f_ri=15377"},{"id":185204,"name":"Hominin diet and subsistence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hominin_diet_and_subsistence?f_ri=15377"},{"id":185782,"name":"Subsistence Systems","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Subsistence_Systems?f_ri=15377"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_9427695" data-work_id="9427695" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/9427695/New_Perspectives_in_Zooarchaeology_Researching_Animals_Beyond_Diet">New Perspectives in Zooarchaeology: Researching Animals Beyond Diet</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This paper introduces some of the invaluable aspects of, and new perspectives arising in, the field of zooarchaeology. Studying archaeological animal remains provides clear evidence of past human diet, but the contributions zooarchaeology... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_9427695" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This paper introduces some of the invaluable aspects of, and new perspectives arising in, the field of zooarchaeology. Studying archaeological animal remains provides clear evidence of past human diet, but the contributions zooarchaeology can make to archaeological research have a much broader scope. Zooarchaeological research provides an interesting insight into the study of past environments, animal domestication, biostratigraphy, the social side of food, animal remains as clothing or even as building materials and art manifestations, amongst others. Zooarchaeology is subdivided here into environmental or physical zooarchaeology, which mainly deals with climate, seasonality and dating of a site, and social zooarchaeology, which deals with hunting techniques, animal management, social hierarchy and symbolism. This array of possibilities is illustrated through examples drawn from diverse periods and places. Some of the issues concerning zooarchaeology are analysed in more depth through the site of Cueva Negra del Estrecho del Río Quípar (Murcia, Spain). This case study provides a practical application of zooarchaeological perspectives in the study of human evolution. <br /> <br />The field of zooarchaeology is therefore not limited to the study of past dietary habits. Rather the study of animal remains allows a deeper understanding of complex human-animal interactions and a greater comprehension of archaeological societies and cultures.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/9427695" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="828ca5370c51050a68cfe23d2a8c4177" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":35670467,"asset_id":9427695,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/35670467/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1NzU4Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3396763" href="https://oxford.academia.edu/GonzaloLinaresMat%C3%A1s">Gonzalo Linares Matás</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3396763" type="text/json">{"id":3396763,"first_name":"Gonzalo","last_name":"Linares Matás","domain_name":"oxford","page_name":"GonzaloLinaresMatás","display_name":"Gonzalo Linares Matás","profile_url":"https://oxford.academia.edu/GonzaloLinaresMat%C3%A1s?f_ri=15377","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3396763/3577461/30395484/s65_gonzalo.linares_mat_s.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_9427695 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="9427695"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 9427695, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_9427695", }); 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Studying archaeological animal remains provides clear evidence of past human diet, but the contributions zooarchaeology can make to archaeological research have a much broader scope. Zooarchaeological research provides an interesting insight into the study of past environments, animal domestication, biostratigraphy, the social side of food, animal remains as clothing or even as building materials and art manifestations, amongst others. Zooarchaeology is subdivided here into environmental or physical zooarchaeology, which mainly deals with climate, seasonality and dating of a site, and social zooarchaeology, which deals with hunting techniques, animal management, social hierarchy and symbolism. This array of possibilities is illustrated through examples drawn from diverse periods and places. Some of the issues concerning zooarchaeology are analysed in more depth through the site of Cueva Negra del Estrecho del Río Quípar (Murcia, Spain). This case study provides a practical application of zooarchaeological perspectives in the study of human evolution.\r\n\r\nThe field of zooarchaeology is therefore not limited to the study of past dietary habits. Rather the study of animal remains allows a deeper understanding of complex human-animal interactions and a greater comprehension of archaeological societies and cultures.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":35670467,"asset_id":9427695,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3396763,"first_name":"Gonzalo","last_name":"Linares Matás","domain_name":"oxford","page_name":"GonzaloLinaresMatás","display_name":"Gonzalo Linares Matás","profile_url":"https://oxford.academia.edu/GonzaloLinaresMat%C3%A1s?f_ri=15377","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3396763/3577461/30395484/s65_gonzalo.linares_mat_s.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true},{"id":130,"name":"Ancient History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_History?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true},{"id":131,"name":"European History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_History?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true},{"id":133,"name":"Military History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_History?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true},{"id":136,"name":"Cultural History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_History?f_ri=15377"},{"id":137,"name":"Economic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_History?f_ri=15377"},{"id":153,"name":"Landscape Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Landscape_Ecology?f_ri=15377"},{"id":155,"name":"Evolutionary Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology?f_ri=15377"},{"id":158,"name":"Marine 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itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1232740/Buccal_dental_microwear_analyses_support_greater_specialization_in_consumption_of_hard_foodstuffs_for_Australopithecus_anamensis">Buccal dental microwear analyses support greater specialization in consumption of hard foodstuffs for Australopithecus anamensis</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Molar occlusal microwear texture and anisotropy analyses of 3 Australopithecus anamensis fossil specimens have shown complexity values similar to those of Au.afarensis,indicating that neither of these hominin species had a diet dominated... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_1232740" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Molar occlusal microwear texture and anisotropy analyses of 3 Australopithecus anamensis fossil specimens have shown complexity values similar to those of Au.afarensis,indicating that neither of these hominin species had a diet dominated by hard food. However, many researchers have suggested that these were some of the earliest hominins to have such diets. Here we examine buccal microwear patterns of 5 Au. anamensis, 26 Au. afarensis, 48 Hominoidea and 80 Cercopithecoidea primate specimens for independent evidence of dietary adaptations of Au. anamensis. The buccal microwear results obtained suggest that the diet of Au.anamensis relied heavily on hard, brittle food, at least seasonally. This is similar to the diet of the extant Cercopithecoidea primates, including Papio anubis and Chlorocebus aethiops, both of which live in wooded, seasonal savannah environments and have diets that include fruit and grasses, but also underground storage organs (USOs), such as corms or blades, as well as leaves and seeds, and also Mandrillus and Cercocebus, from forested environments with frugivorous-granivorous diets. Furthermore, the buccal microwear patterns of Au.anamensis and Au.afarensis clearly differed –in clear contrast to occlusal enamel texture observations–, which support previous dietary interpretations based on both anatomical and palaeocological reconstructions.<br /><br />Keywords: hominin, diet, feeding ecology, buccal microwear, fallback food, Australopithecus anamensis</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/1232740" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e7b6114fc58cc44a204deea32cb19685" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":30993844,"asset_id":1232740,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/30993844/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1NzU4Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="116001" href="https://barcelona.academia.edu/JordiGalbany">Jordi Galbany</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="116001" type="text/json">{"id":116001,"first_name":"Jordi","last_name":"Galbany","domain_name":"barcelona","page_name":"JordiGalbany","display_name":"Jordi Galbany","profile_url":"https://barcelona.academia.edu/JordiGalbany?f_ri=15377","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/116001/31173/20316629/s65_jordi.galbany.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_1232740 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="1232740"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 1232740, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_1232740", }); 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However, many researchers have suggested that these were some of the earliest hominins to have such diets. Here we examine buccal microwear patterns of 5 Au. anamensis, 26 Au. afarensis, 48 Hominoidea and 80 Cercopithecoidea primate specimens for independent evidence of dietary adaptations of Au. anamensis. The buccal microwear results obtained suggest that the diet of Au.anamensis relied heavily on hard, brittle food, at least seasonally. This is similar to the diet of the extant Cercopithecoidea primates, including Papio anubis and Chlorocebus aethiops, both of which live in wooded, seasonal savannah environments and have diets that include fruit and grasses, but also underground storage organs (USOs), such as corms or blades, as well as leaves and seeds, and also Mandrillus and Cercocebus, from forested environments with frugivorous-granivorous diets. Furthermore, the buccal microwear patterns of Au.anamensis and Au.afarensis clearly differed –in clear contrast to occlusal enamel texture observations–, which support previous dietary interpretations based on both anatomical and palaeocological reconstructions.\n\nKeywords: hominin, diet, feeding ecology, buccal microwear, fallback food, Australopithecus anamensis","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":30993844,"asset_id":1232740,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":116001,"first_name":"Jordi","last_name":"Galbany","domain_name":"barcelona","page_name":"JordiGalbany","display_name":"Jordi Galbany","profile_url":"https://barcelona.academia.edu/JordiGalbany?f_ri=15377","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/116001/31173/20316629/s65_jordi.galbany.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2978,"name":"Dental Research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dental_Research?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true},{"id":6470,"name":"Dental Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dental_Anthropology?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true},{"id":9478,"name":"Diet","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diet?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true},{"id":15377,"name":"Hominin Diet","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hominin_Diet?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true},{"id":20704,"name":"Primate Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Primate_Ecology?f_ri=15377"},{"id":22210,"name":"Dental microwear","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dental_microwear?f_ri=15377"},{"id":23222,"name":"Foraging ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Foraging_ecology?f_ri=15377"},{"id":52714,"name":"Primates","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Primates?f_ri=15377"},{"id":56478,"name":"Australopithecus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Australopithecus?f_ri=15377"},{"id":56481,"name":"Hominoidea","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hominoidea?f_ri=15377"},{"id":57047,"name":"Cercopithecoidea","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cercopithecoidea?f_ri=15377"},{"id":58142,"name":"Dental Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dental_Ecology?f_ri=15377"},{"id":66145,"name":"Hominin evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hominin_evolution?f_ri=15377"},{"id":77503,"name":"Pliocene","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pliocene?f_ri=15377"},{"id":156037,"name":"Australopithecus afarensis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Australopithecus_afarensis?f_ri=15377"},{"id":464665,"name":"Early Australopithecines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Australopithecines?f_ri=15377"},{"id":474004,"name":"Australopithecus anamensis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Australopithecus_anamensis?f_ri=15377"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_782106 coauthored" data-work_id="782106" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/782106/Gaudzinski_Windheuser_Kindler_2012_QI_247_Research_Perspectives_for_the_study_of_Neandertal_subsistence_strategies_based_on_the_analysis_of_archaeozoological_assemblages">Gaudzinski-Windheuser, Kindler, 2012 - QI 247 - Research Perspectives for the study of Neandertal subsistence strategies based on the analysis of archaeozoological assemblages</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The discipline of archaeozoology holds the potential to considerably contribute to knowledge about the social behaviour of Neandertals. However, the translation of proposed subsistence strategies into predictions about Neandertal social... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_782106" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The discipline of archaeozoology holds the potential to considerably contribute to knowledge about the <br />social behaviour of Neandertals. However, the translation of proposed subsistence strategies into <br />predictions about Neandertal social organisation still remains a challenge. The paper discusses the <br />current state of archaeozoological research with respect to Neandertal subsistence. It is concluded that <br />the methodological research focus in archaeozoology has shifted from its original holistic perspective to <br />intensified/specialised studies of particular taphonomic components. The authors argue for a return to <br />a more holistic perspective to develop the full potential of archaeolozoology in order to obtain <br />a comprehensive overall perspective of Neandertal social behaviour. Here, two avenues are suggested to <br />reflate the processual character of taphonomy: 1. by conducting actualistic studies, which should serve to <br />test the homogeneity of a faunal assemblage; and 2. by concentrating on sites from ecologically welldefined <br />environments with high temporal resolution, such as interglacial sites.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/782106" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="987146dfa2ea0ac2c12bd8b3f4c5dc27" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":30619647,"asset_id":782106,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/30619647/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1NzU4Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="615782" href="https://leiza.academia.edu/LutzKindler">Lutz Kindler</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="615782" type="text/json">{"id":615782,"first_name":"Lutz","last_name":"Kindler","domain_name":"leiza","page_name":"LutzKindler","display_name":"Lutz Kindler","profile_url":"https://leiza.academia.edu/LutzKindler?f_ri=15377","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/615782/214124/250066/s65_lutz.kindler.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-782106">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-782106"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://leiza.academia.edu/SabineGaudzinskiWindheuser">Sabine Gaudzinski-Windheuser</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-782106'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-782106').html(); 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However, the translation of proposed subsistence strategies into\r\npredictions about Neandertal social organisation still remains a challenge. The paper discusses the\r\ncurrent state of archaeozoological research with respect to Neandertal subsistence. It is concluded that\r\nthe methodological research focus in archaeozoology has shifted from its original holistic perspective to\r\nintensified/specialised studies of particular taphonomic components. The authors argue for a return to\r\na more holistic perspective to develop the full potential of archaeolozoology in order to obtain\r\na comprehensive overall perspective of Neandertal social behaviour. Here, two avenues are suggested to\r\nreflate the processual character of taphonomy: 1. by conducting actualistic studies, which should serve to\r\ntest the homogeneity of a faunal assemblage; and 2. by concentrating on sites from ecologically welldefined\r\nenvironments with high temporal resolution, such as interglacial sites.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":30619647,"asset_id":782106,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":615782,"first_name":"Lutz","last_name":"Kindler","domain_name":"leiza","page_name":"LutzKindler","display_name":"Lutz Kindler","profile_url":"https://leiza.academia.edu/LutzKindler?f_ri=15377","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/615782/214124/250066/s65_lutz.kindler.jpg"},{"id":606181,"first_name":"Sabine","last_name":"Gaudzinski-Windheuser","domain_name":"leiza","page_name":"SabineGaudzinskiWindheuser","display_name":"Sabine Gaudzinski-Windheuser","profile_url":"https://leiza.academia.edu/SabineGaudzinskiWindheuser?f_ri=15377","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/606181/212788/248463/s65_sabine.gaudzinski-windheuser.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true},{"id":772,"name":"Human Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Evolution?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true},{"id":1624,"name":"Zooarchaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zooarchaeology?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true},{"id":4548,"name":"Palaeolithic Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Palaeolithic_Archaeology?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true},{"id":4904,"name":"Archaeozoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeozoology?f_ri=15377"},{"id":15377,"name":"Hominin Diet","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hominin_Diet?f_ri=15377"},{"id":15780,"name":"Taphonomy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Taphonomy?f_ri=15377"},{"id":28126,"name":"Neanderthals (Palaeolithic Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neanderthals_Palaeolithic_Archaeology_?f_ri=15377"},{"id":28778,"name":"Lower Paleolithic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lower_Paleolithic?f_ri=15377"},{"id":33713,"name":"Evolution and Human Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolution_and_Human_Behavior?f_ri=15377"},{"id":38330,"name":"Lower and Middle Paleolithic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lower_and_Middle_Paleolithic?f_ri=15377"},{"id":41112,"name":"Middle Palaeolithic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_Palaeolithic?f_ri=15377"},{"id":47094,"name":"Faunal Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Faunal_Analysis?f_ri=15377"},{"id":49435,"name":"Archaeological Site Formation Processes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeological_Site_Formation_Processes?f_ri=15377"},{"id":75618,"name":"Lower Palaeolithic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lower_Palaeolithic?f_ri=15377"},{"id":180691,"name":"Archaeozoology, Taphonomy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeozoology_Taphonomy?f_ri=15377"},{"id":185204,"name":"Hominin diet and subsistence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hominin_diet_and_subsistence?f_ri=15377"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_19895682 coauthored" data-work_id="19895682" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/19895682/Taphonomy_of_fossils_from_the_hominin_bearing_deposits_at_Dikika_Ethiopia">Taphonomy of fossils from the hominin-bearing deposits at Dikika, Ethiopia</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Two fossil specimens from the DIK-55 locality in the Hadar Formation at Dikika, Ethiopia, are contemporaneous with the earliest documented stone tools, and they collectively bear twelve marks interpreted to be characteristic of stone tool... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_19895682" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Two fossil specimens from the DIK-55 locality in the Hadar Formation at Dikika, Ethiopia, are contemporaneous with the earliest documented stone tools, and they collectively bear twelve marks interpreted to be characteristic of stone tool butchery damage. An alternative interpretation of the marks has been that they were caused by trampling animals and do not provide evidence of stone tool use or large ungulate exploitation by Australopithecus-grade hominins. Thus, resolving which agents created marks on fossils in deposits from Dikika is an essential step in understanding the ecological and taphonomic contexts of the hominin-bearing deposits in this region and establishing their relevance for investigations of the earliest stone tool use. This paper presents results of microscopic scrutiny of all non-hominin fossils collected from the Hadar Formation at Dikika, including additional fossils from DIK-55, and describes in detail seven assemblages from sieved surface sediment samples. The study is the first taphonomic description of Pliocene fossil assemblages from open-air deposits in Africa that were collected without using only methods that emphasize the selective retention of taxonomically-informative specimens. The sieved assemblages show distinctive differences in faunal representation and taphonomic modifications that suggest they sample a range of depositional environments in the Pliocene Hadar Lake Basin, and have implications for how landscape-based taphonomy can be used to infer past microhabitats. The surface modification data show that no marks on any other fossils resemble in size or shape those on the two specimens from DIK-55 that were interpreted to bear stone tool inflicted damage. A large sample of marks from the sieved collections has characteristics that match modern trampling damage, but these marks are significantly smaller than those on the DIK-55 specimens and have different suites of characteristics. Most are not visible without magnification. The data show that the DIK-55 marks are outliers amongst bone surface damage in the Dikika area, and that trampling is not the most parsimonious interpretation of their origin.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/19895682" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="88a1b8ee07a10aa98e4f030e34a6a2c4" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":42152628,"asset_id":19895682,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/42152628/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1NzU4Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="40732157" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ZeresenayAlemseged">Zeresenay Alemseged</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="40732157" type="text/json">{"id":40732157,"first_name":"Zeresenay","last_name":"Alemseged","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ZeresenayAlemseged","display_name":"Zeresenay Alemseged","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ZeresenayAlemseged?f_ri=15377","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-19895682">+2</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-19895682"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://oxford.academia.edu/Ren%C3%A9Bobe">René Bobe</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://gwu.academia.edu/AndrewBarr">Andrew Barr</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-19895682'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-19895682').html(); 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An alternative interpretation of the marks has been that they were caused by trampling animals and do not provide evidence of stone tool use or large ungulate exploitation by Australopithecus-grade hominins. Thus, resolving which agents created marks on fossils in deposits from Dikika is an essential step in understanding the ecological and taphonomic contexts of the hominin-bearing deposits in this region and establishing their relevance for investigations of the earliest stone tool use. This paper presents results of microscopic scrutiny of all non-hominin fossils collected from the Hadar Formation at Dikika, including additional fossils from DIK-55, and describes in detail seven assemblages from sieved surface sediment samples. The study is the first taphonomic description of Pliocene fossil assemblages from open-air deposits in Africa that were collected without using only methods that emphasize the selective retention of taxonomically-informative specimens. The sieved assemblages show distinctive differences in faunal representation and taphonomic modifications that suggest they sample a range of depositional environments in the Pliocene Hadar Lake Basin, and have implications for how landscape-based taphonomy can be used to infer past microhabitats. The surface modification data show that no marks on any other fossils resemble in size or shape those on the two specimens from DIK-55 that were interpreted to bear stone tool inflicted damage. A large sample of marks from the sieved collections has characteristics that match modern trampling damage, but these marks are significantly smaller than those on the DIK-55 specimens and have different suites of characteristics. Most are not visible without magnification. The data show that the DIK-55 marks are outliers amongst bone surface damage in the Dikika area, and that trampling is not the most parsimonious interpretation of their origin.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":42152628,"asset_id":19895682,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":40732157,"first_name":"Zeresenay","last_name":"Alemseged","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ZeresenayAlemseged","display_name":"Zeresenay Alemseged","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ZeresenayAlemseged?f_ri=15377","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":3901723,"first_name":"René","last_name":"Bobe","domain_name":"oxford","page_name":"RenéBobe","display_name":"René Bobe","profile_url":"https://oxford.academia.edu/Ren%C3%A9Bobe?f_ri=15377","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3901723/1447404/1771446/s65_ren_.bobe.jpg"},{"id":292462,"first_name":"Andrew","last_name":"Barr","domain_name":"gwu","page_name":"AndrewBarr","display_name":"Andrew Barr","profile_url":"https://gwu.academia.edu/AndrewBarr?f_ri=15377","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/292462/72112/3359469/s65_andrew.barr.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":155,"name":"Evolutionary Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true},{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true},{"id":398,"name":"Paleoanthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleoanthropology?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true},{"id":767,"name":"Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true},{"id":772,"name":"Human Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Evolution?f_ri=15377"},{"id":2795,"name":"Landscape Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Landscape_Archaeology?f_ri=15377"},{"id":15377,"name":"Hominin Diet","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hominin_Diet?f_ri=15377"},{"id":15780,"name":"Taphonomy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Taphonomy?f_ri=15377"},{"id":142530,"name":"Cut Marks","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cut_Marks?f_ri=15377"},{"id":297712,"name":"Trampling","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Trampling?f_ri=15377"},{"id":396883,"name":"Bone surface modification","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bone_surface_modification?f_ri=15377"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_40505484" data-work_id="40505484" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/40505484/Syllabus_Human_Evolution">Syllabus: Human Evolution</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Course Description: This course addresses human evolution in the Old and New World using archaeological, paleoanthropological, and genetic evidence. The class consists of weekly lectures (3 credits) and discussions (1 credit).</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/40505484" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d223f50f9123ccedb31663e1556b974b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":60777278,"asset_id":40505484,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/60777278/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1NzU4Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4434867" href="https://ucla.academia.edu/FernandaNeubauer">Fernanda Neubauer</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4434867" type="text/json">{"id":4434867,"first_name":"Fernanda","last_name":"Neubauer","domain_name":"ucla","page_name":"FernandaNeubauer","display_name":"Fernanda Neubauer","profile_url":"https://ucla.academia.edu/FernandaNeubauer?f_ri=15377","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4434867/2297278/38539187/s65_fernanda.neubauer.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_40505484 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="40505484"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 40505484, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_40505484", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=40505484]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_40505484").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_40505484").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="40505484"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">15</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="392" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology">Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="392" type="text/json">{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="399" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistoric_Archaeology">Prehistoric Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="399" type="text/json">{"id":399,"name":"Prehistoric Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistoric_Archaeology?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="768" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Anthropology">Biological Anthropology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="768" type="text/json">{"id":768,"name":"Biological Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Anthropology?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="772" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Evolution">Human Evolution</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="772" type="text/json">{"id":772,"name":"Human Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Evolution?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=40505484]'), work: {"id":40505484,"title":"Syllabus: Human Evolution","created_at":"2019-10-02T18:10:56.376-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/40505484/Syllabus_Human_Evolution?f_ri=15377","dom_id":"work_40505484","summary":"Course Description: This course addresses human evolution in the Old and New World using archaeological, paleoanthropological, and genetic evidence. The class consists of weekly lectures (3 credits) and discussions (1 credit).","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":60777278,"asset_id":40505484,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":4434867,"first_name":"Fernanda","last_name":"Neubauer","domain_name":"ucla","page_name":"FernandaNeubauer","display_name":"Fernanda Neubauer","profile_url":"https://ucla.academia.edu/FernandaNeubauer?f_ri=15377","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4434867/2297278/38539187/s65_fernanda.neubauer.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true},{"id":399,"name":"Prehistoric Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistoric_Archaeology?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true},{"id":768,"name":"Biological Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Anthropology?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true},{"id":772,"name":"Human Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Evolution?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true},{"id":15377,"name":"Hominin Diet","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hominin_Diet?f_ri=15377"},{"id":28126,"name":"Neanderthals (Palaeolithic Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neanderthals_Palaeolithic_Archaeology_?f_ri=15377"},{"id":33713,"name":"Evolution and Human Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolution_and_Human_Behavior?f_ri=15377"},{"id":35927,"name":"Human origins (Anthropology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_origins_Anthropology_?f_ri=15377"},{"id":55633,"name":"The peopling of the Americas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_peopling_of_the_Americas?f_ri=15377"},{"id":66145,"name":"Hominin evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hominin_evolution?f_ri=15377"},{"id":238316,"name":"Pré-História","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pre-Historia?f_ri=15377"},{"id":335137,"name":"Homo floresiensis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Homo_floresiensis?f_ri=15377"},{"id":340686,"name":"Evolución Humana","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolucion_Humana?f_ri=15377"},{"id":676177,"name":"Evolução Humana","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolucao_Humana?f_ri=15377"},{"id":957506,"name":"Evolution of Hominin and Human Behaviour","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolution_of_Hominin_and_Human_Behaviour?f_ri=15377"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_36171672" data-work_id="36171672" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/36171672/Monstrous_Births_Food_as_Posthuman_Phenomenon">Monstrous Births: Food as Posthuman Phenomenon</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">My paper will argue that our food systems not only sustain life, but serve as a horizon for the understanding of what 'life' is. Food and how it is produced establishes the ontological position of the human visa -vis other beings. Our... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_36171672" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">My paper will argue that our food systems not only sustain life, but serve as a horizon for the understanding of what 'life' is. Food and how it is produced establishes the ontological position of the human visa -vis other beings. Our food systems continually break down, however, and communicable diseases (e.g. the avian flu) break the 'species-barrier.' As Mary Douglas observes, when such " monstrous births occur, the defining lines between humans and animals may be threatened " (Douglas 1980:39). However, the 'monstrous births' of any system are endogenous to them; according to Douglas, what appears to originate outside of the system is a product of the systematization process itself (1980:39). Indeed, humans have continually broken species-barriers in order to guarantee reliable food sources—we drink another animal's milk, for example, calling into question how these species-barriers are defined, and how feeble those definitions can be. Like the technologies of Dr. Frankenstein, appropriations of and interventions in nonhuman biology are intended to overcome the precarity of human life and our bodily shortcomings. This paper was in part inspired by the manga and anime series, Knights of Sidonia, where the human classes of a post-earth civilization are genetically modified to photosynthesize the majority of their energy needs. I ask, if humans are so changed that they no longer procure and eat food as they have done for millennia, will we be human anymore? In this sense, I consider food from a posthuman perspective, not only thinking the human to its endpoint through its relation to food, but also taking up the posthumanist project in decentering the human and considering the complex relationship we have always bore to other species and technology, troubling any essentialist notion of the human.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/36171672" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="bbf42ec014e0831a061534d30ed14fe5" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":56069766,"asset_id":36171672,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56069766/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1NzU4Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2681768" href="https://sfu.academia.edu/SiobhanWatters">Siobhan Watters</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2681768" type="text/json">{"id":2681768,"first_name":"Siobhan","last_name":"Watters","domain_name":"sfu","page_name":"SiobhanWatters","display_name":"Siobhan Watters","profile_url":"https://sfu.academia.edu/SiobhanWatters?f_ri=15377","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2681768/856992/6720740/s65_siobhan.watters.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_36171672 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="36171672"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 36171672, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_36171672", }); 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Food and how it is produced establishes the ontological position of the human visa -vis other beings. Our food systems continually break down, however, and communicable diseases (e.g. the avian flu) break the 'species-barrier.' As Mary Douglas observes, when such \" monstrous births occur, the defining lines between humans and animals may be threatened \" (Douglas 1980:39). However, the 'monstrous births' of any system are endogenous to them; according to Douglas, what appears to originate outside of the system is a product of the systematization process itself (1980:39). Indeed, humans have continually broken species-barriers in order to guarantee reliable food sources—we drink another animal's milk, for example, calling into question how these species-barriers are defined, and how feeble those definitions can be. Like the technologies of Dr. Frankenstein, appropriations of and interventions in nonhuman biology are intended to overcome the precarity of human life and our bodily shortcomings. This paper was in part inspired by the manga and anime series, Knights of Sidonia, where the human classes of a post-earth civilization are genetically modified to photosynthesize the majority of their energy needs. I ask, if humans are so changed that they no longer procure and eat food as they have done for millennia, will we be human anymore? In this sense, I consider food from a posthuman perspective, not only thinking the human to its endpoint through its relation to food, but also taking up the posthumanist project in decentering the human and considering the complex relationship we have always bore to other species and technology, troubling any essentialist notion of the human.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":56069766,"asset_id":36171672,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2681768,"first_name":"Siobhan","last_name":"Watters","domain_name":"sfu","page_name":"SiobhanWatters","display_name":"Siobhan Watters","profile_url":"https://sfu.academia.edu/SiobhanWatters?f_ri=15377","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2681768/856992/6720740/s65_siobhan.watters.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":15,"name":"British Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/British_Literature?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true},{"id":767,"name":"Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true},{"id":855,"name":"Philosophy of Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Technology?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true},{"id":885,"name":"English Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/English_Literature?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true},{"id":928,"name":"Media Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Media_Studies?f_ri=15377"},{"id":934,"name":"Media and Cultural Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Media_and_Cultural_Studies?f_ri=15377"},{"id":1032,"name":"Cyborg Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cyborg_Theory?f_ri=15377"},{"id":1258,"name":"Romanticism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Romanticism?f_ri=15377"},{"id":3115,"name":"Posthumanism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Posthumanism?f_ri=15377"},{"id":3539,"name":"Food Systems","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_Systems?f_ri=15377"},{"id":4000,"name":"Anthropology of Food","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology_of_Food?f_ri=15377"},{"id":8694,"name":"Science Fiction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Science_Fiction?f_ri=15377"},{"id":10101,"name":"Critical Posthumanism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Posthumanism?f_ri=15377"},{"id":10221,"name":"Food and 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techniques","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Media_and_Cultural_techniques?f_ri=15377"},{"id":162706,"name":"Prometheus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prometheus?f_ri=15377"},{"id":186965,"name":"Prometheism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prometheism?f_ri=15377"},{"id":247023,"name":"Anthropogenic impact","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropogenic_impact?f_ri=15377"},{"id":276097,"name":"Mary Douglas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mary_Douglas?f_ri=15377"},{"id":288892,"name":"German Media Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/German_Media_Theory?f_ri=15377"},{"id":1774234,"name":"Bernhard Siegert","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bernhard_Siegert?f_ri=15377"},{"id":2011024,"name":"Food Gathering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_Gathering?f_ri=15377"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_69129756" data-work_id="69129756" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/69129756/Tropical_forager_gastrophagy_and_its_implications_for_extinct_hominin_diets">Tropical forager gastrophagy and its implications for extinct hominin diets</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Reconstruction of extinct hominin diets is currently a topic of much interest and debate, facilitated by new methods such as the analysis of dental calculus. It has been proposed, based on chemical analyses of calculus, that Neanderthals... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_69129756" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Reconstruction of extinct hominin diets is currently a topic of much interest and debate, facilitated by new methods such as the analysis of dental calculus. It has been proposed, based on chemical analyses of calculus, that Neanderthals self-medicated, yet this conclusion has been questioned. Gastrophagy has been suggested as an alternative explanation for the Neanderthal data, based on ethnographic analogies, which show this practice to have been widespread in traditional extant Homo sapiens diets, and nutritional evidence for its benefits at high latitudes. Here we expand the discussion of the potential importance of gastrophagy in human evolution by considering its role for an extant group of tropical foragers, the Hadza of Tanzania, and questioning its role in the diets of extinct tropical hominin species. Gastrophagy is frequently practiced among the Hadza and adult men in particular consume substantial, seasonally variable, amounts of prey guts. In addition to the important fact that gastrophagy is not a rare event, this demographic information may be useful in interpreting evidence from archaeological samples. The consumption of semi-digested chyme would have allowed extinct hominins to gain calories from plant sources without the cost of digesting them, possibly contributing to the encephalisation and shrinking of the gut in genus Homo. As an easy to process food-source, chyme could have likewise been an important food source for the old and the young, potentially playing a part in reducing inter-birth intervals and increasing reproductive success in our lineage. Thus gastrophagy may have played a key part in human evolution and its potentially confounding signal should be considered in future dietary reconstructions.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/69129756" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e7527cebf52d40381d1e85b5e3cd8bb9" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":79344877,"asset_id":69129756,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/79344877/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1NzU4Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="427079" href="https://ljmu.academia.edu/LauraBuck">Laura T Buck</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="427079" type="text/json">{"id":427079,"first_name":"Laura","last_name":"Buck","domain_name":"ljmu","page_name":"LauraBuck","display_name":"Laura T Buck","profile_url":"https://ljmu.academia.edu/LauraBuck?f_ri=15377","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/427079/141381/20589563/s65_laura.buck.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_69129756 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="69129756"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 69129756, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_69129756", }); 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It has been proposed, based on chemical analyses of calculus, that Neanderthals self-medicated, yet this conclusion has been questioned. Gastrophagy has been suggested as an alternative explanation for the Neanderthal data, based on ethnographic analogies, which show this practice to have been widespread in traditional extant Homo sapiens diets, and nutritional evidence for its benefits at high latitudes. Here we expand the discussion of the potential importance of gastrophagy in human evolution by considering its role for an extant group of tropical foragers, the Hadza of Tanzania, and questioning its role in the diets of extinct tropical hominin species. Gastrophagy is frequently practiced among the Hadza and adult men in particular consume substantial, seasonally variable, amounts of prey guts. In addition to the important fact that gastrophagy is not a rare event, this demographic information may be useful in interpreting evidence from archaeological samples. The consumption of semi-digested chyme would have allowed extinct hominins to gain calories from plant sources without the cost of digesting them, possibly contributing to the encephalisation and shrinking of the gut in genus Homo. As an easy to process food-source, chyme could have likewise been an important food source for the old and the young, potentially playing a part in reducing inter-birth intervals and increasing reproductive success in our lineage. Thus gastrophagy may have played a key part in human evolution and its potentially confounding signal should be considered in future dietary reconstructions.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":79344877,"asset_id":69129756,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":427079,"first_name":"Laura","last_name":"Buck","domain_name":"ljmu","page_name":"LauraBuck","display_name":"Laura T Buck","profile_url":"https://ljmu.academia.edu/LauraBuck?f_ri=15377","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/427079/141381/20589563/s65_laura.buck.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":772,"name":"Human Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Evolution?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true},{"id":7710,"name":"Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true},{"id":15377,"name":"Hominin Diet","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hominin_Diet?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true},{"id":19759,"name":"Palaeodiet","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Palaeodiet?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true},{"id":66145,"name":"Hominin evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hominin_evolution?f_ri=15377"},{"id":81953,"name":"Neanderthals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neanderthals?f_ri=15377"},{"id":146874,"name":"Homo antecessor","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Homo_antecessor?f_ri=15377"},{"id":219625,"name":"Foragers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Foragers?f_ri=15377"},{"id":957506,"name":"Evolution of Hominin and Human Behaviour","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolution_of_Hominin_and_Human_Behaviour?f_ri=15377"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_6602203" data-work_id="6602203" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/6602203/Hair_Distribution_Immuno_resistance_and_Adaptations_to_the_First_Baby_Slings">Hair Distribution, Immuno-resistance and Adaptations to the First Baby Slings</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This essay contains two hypotheses: the first postulates that infectious and parasitic conditions in the first baby-carrying devices or “slings” selected for changes in juvenile hair distribution and immuno-resistance, and that a... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_6602203" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This essay contains two hypotheses: the first postulates that infectious and parasitic conditions in the first baby-carrying devices or “slings” selected for changes in juvenile hair distribution and immuno-resistance, and that a convergence of datable mutations and osteological changes indicate that infants in our lineage adapted to the microenvironment between 1.2 and 2.8 million years ago - with evidence converging towards the older end of that range. Such slings, which might have been first used to carry gleanings, would have surrounded offspring in dangerous pathogens and parasites. Babies whose fetal body baldness had not disappeared would have had an advantage over infants with previously normal body fur, because adults could clean them better – probably resulting in the neotenic extension of the fetal trait. <br />The microenvironment might have selected for the elimination of infectious pathways as well. The inactivation of the CMAH gene, which could have provided a pathway for pathogens associated with ungulate and proboscidean hides to infect infants with diarrhea, is explored as a candidate, and multiple ways of testing the hypothesis are described. <br />The related hypothesis, which is based partly on avian comparisons and milk chemistry, postulates that slings gradually forced adults to focus on the kind of nutrition needed by more slowly maturing infant brains by making their babies more altricial. This might have triggered more scavenging, hunting, and feedback mechanisms that slowly extended the new juvenile hair distribution to adults as part of a whole-body cooling system based on sweat and body baldness while contributing to speciation. <br /> <br />You can either download this article from Academia.edu or from my website, <a href="http://www.duncancaldwell.com" rel="nofollow">www.duncancaldwell.com</a>, which offers more publications and information.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/6602203" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ae4fa7f979aa1547b793dead7961c4cd" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":33593930,"asset_id":6602203,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/33593930/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1NzU4Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3082518" href="https://independent.academia.edu/DuncanCaldwell">Duncan Caldwell</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3082518" type="text/json">{"id":3082518,"first_name":"Duncan","last_name":"Caldwell","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"DuncanCaldwell","display_name":"Duncan Caldwell","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/DuncanCaldwell?f_ri=15377","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_6602203 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="6602203"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 6602203, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_6602203", }); 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Such slings, which might have been first used to carry gleanings, would have surrounded offspring in dangerous pathogens and parasites. Babies whose fetal body baldness had not disappeared would have had an advantage over infants with previously normal body fur, because adults could clean them better – probably resulting in the neotenic extension of the fetal trait. \r\nThe microenvironment might have selected for the elimination of infectious pathways as well. The inactivation of the CMAH gene, which could have provided a pathway for pathogens associated with ungulate and proboscidean hides to infect infants with diarrhea, is explored as a candidate, and multiple ways of testing the hypothesis are described. \r\nThe related hypothesis, which is based partly on avian comparisons and milk chemistry, postulates that slings gradually forced adults to focus on the kind of nutrition needed by more slowly maturing infant brains by making their babies more altricial. This might have triggered more scavenging, hunting, and feedback mechanisms that slowly extended the new juvenile hair distribution to adults as part of a whole-body cooling system based on sweat and body baldness while contributing to speciation.\r\n\r\nYou can either download this article from Academia.edu or from my website, www.duncancaldwell.com, which offers more publications and information. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":33593930,"asset_id":6602203,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3082518,"first_name":"Duncan","last_name":"Caldwell","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"DuncanCaldwell","display_name":"Duncan Caldwell","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/DuncanCaldwell?f_ri=15377","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":155,"name":"Evolutionary Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true},{"id":164,"name":"Parasitology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Parasitology?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true},{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true},{"id":772,"name":"Human Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Evolution?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true},{"id":1135,"name":"Human 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Diseases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diarrhoeal_Diseases?f_ri=15377"},{"id":1226192,"name":"Childhood Diarrhoea","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Childhood_Diarrhoea?f_ri=15377"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_44285723" data-work_id="44285723" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/44285723/Morfolog%C3%ADa_y_Ecolog%C3%ADa_Dental_en_Primates_y_Homininos">Morfología y Ecología Dental en Primates y Homininos</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Los dientes constituyen la evidencia más abundante del registro fósil ya que están formados por ma-teriales resistentes y duros, con una excelente preservación a lo largo del tiempo. A diferencia de otras estructuras biológicas, no sufren... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_44285723" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Los dientes constituyen la evidencia más abundante del registro fósil ya que están formados por ma-teriales resistentes y duros, con una excelente preservación a lo largo del tiempo. A diferencia de otras estructuras biológicas, no sufren cambios durante la vida del individuo una vez completada su minerali-zación, por lo que son menos susceptibles a fluctuaciones ambientales posteriores al desarrollo. Estas características hacen que los dientes hayan sido fuente de estudio en numerosas investigaciones, ya sea para inferir la ecología y la dieta de especies actuales y fósiles como para analizar su afiliación taxonó-mica (Tabla 1) y reconstruir sus relaciones filogenéticas. Tabla 1. Taxonomía del Orden Primates ____________________________________________________________________________ Orden Primates Suborder: Strepsirhini (prosimos) Suborden Haplorhini (társidos, monos y simios) Infraorden Tarsiiforme Infraorden Simiiforme Pavorden Platirrhini (monos del Nuevo Mundo) Familia Callitr...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/44285723" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d20bea9b0e8f850450313d4ff9c652d2" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":64666539,"asset_id":44285723,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/64666539/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1NzU4Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="83330538" href="https://iphes.academia.edu/BeatrizGamarra">Beatriz Gamarra</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="83330538" type="text/json">{"id":83330538,"first_name":"Beatriz","last_name":"Gamarra","domain_name":"iphes","page_name":"BeatrizGamarra","display_name":"Beatriz Gamarra","profile_url":"https://iphes.academia.edu/BeatrizGamarra?f_ri=15377","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/83330538/48332058/36730615/s65_beatriz.gamarra.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_44285723 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="44285723"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 44285723, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_44285723", }); 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Taxonomía del Orden Primates ____________________________________________________________________________ Orden Primates Suborder: Strepsirhini (prosimos) Suborden Haplorhini (társidos, monos y simios) Infraorden Tarsiiforme Infraorden Simiiforme Pavorden Platirrhini (monos del Nuevo Mundo) Familia Callitr...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":64666539,"asset_id":44285723,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":83330538,"first_name":"Beatriz","last_name":"Gamarra","domain_name":"iphes","page_name":"BeatrizGamarra","display_name":"Beatriz Gamarra","profile_url":"https://iphes.academia.edu/BeatrizGamarra?f_ri=15377","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/83330538/48332058/36730615/s65_beatriz.gamarra.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":417,"name":"Paleontology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleontology?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true},{"id":2360,"name":"Geometric Morphometrics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geometric_Morphometrics?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true},{"id":6470,"name":"Dental Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dental_Anthropology?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true},{"id":9846,"name":"Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true},{"id":10866,"name":"Morphology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Morphology?f_ri=15377"},{"id":15377,"name":"Hominin Diet","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hominin_Diet?f_ri=15377"},{"id":52714,"name":"Primates","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Primates?f_ri=15377"},{"id":66145,"name":"Hominin evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hominin_evolution?f_ri=15377"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_23870860" data-work_id="23870860" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/23870860/Las_dietas_de_los_hominini_plio_pleistoc%C3%A9nicos_de_%C3%81frica_del_este_y_del_sur_del_bosque_cerrado_a_las_sabanas_abiertas">Las dietas de los hominini plio-pleistocénicos de África del este y del sur: del bosque cerrado a las sabanas abiertas</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Resumen En este trabajo se presentan los resultados definitivos del estudio del patrón de microestriación dental vestibular de los homininos plio-pleistocénicos de África del este y del sur. Se incluyen las especies A. anamensis, A.... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_23870860" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Resumen En este trabajo se presentan los resultados definitivos del estudio del patrón de microestriación dental vestibular de los homininos plio-pleistocénicos de África del este y del sur. Se incluyen las especies A. anamensis, A. afarensis, A. africanus, P. aethiopicus, ...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/23870860" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="fc15bd169195616ac453cc6b012519aa" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":44262312,"asset_id":23870860,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/44262312/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1NzU4Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2629464" href="https://ub.academia.edu/AlejandroPerezPerez">Alejandro Perez-Perez</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2629464" type="text/json">{"id":2629464,"first_name":"Alejandro","last_name":"Perez-Perez","domain_name":"ub","page_name":"AlejandroPerezPerez","display_name":"Alejandro Perez-Perez","profile_url":"https://ub.academia.edu/AlejandroPerezPerez?f_ri=15377","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2629464/10492252/11707168/s65_alejandro.perez-perez.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_23870860 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="23870860"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 23870860, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_23870860", }); 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Se incluyen las especies A. anamensis, A. afarensis, A. africanus, P. aethiopicus, ...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":44262312,"asset_id":23870860,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2629464,"first_name":"Alejandro","last_name":"Perez-Perez","domain_name":"ub","page_name":"AlejandroPerezPerez","display_name":"Alejandro Perez-Perez","profile_url":"https://ub.academia.edu/AlejandroPerezPerez?f_ri=15377","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2629464/10492252/11707168/s65_alejandro.perez-perez.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":772,"name":"Human Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Evolution?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true},{"id":6470,"name":"Dental Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dental_Anthropology?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true},{"id":9478,"name":"Diet","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diet?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true},{"id":15377,"name":"Hominin 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evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hominin_evolution?f_ri=15377"},{"id":95738,"name":"Teeth","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teeth?f_ri=15377"},{"id":228703,"name":"Early Hominids","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Hominids?f_ri=15377"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_657121" data-work_id="657121" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/657121/Hominin_palaeoecology_in_Late_Pliocene_Malawi_Insights_from_isotopes_13C_18O_in_mammal_teeth">Hominin palaeoecology in Late Pliocene Malawi: Insights from isotopes (13C, 18O) in mammal teeth</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item 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teeth","created_at":"2011-06-10T00:16:12.674-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/657121/Hominin_palaeoecology_in_Late_Pliocene_Malawi_Insights_from_isotopes_13C_18O_in_mammal_teeth?f_ri=15377","dom_id":"work_657121","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":31271224,"asset_id":657121,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":351698,"first_name":"Herve","last_name":"Bocherens","domain_name":"uni-tuebingen","page_name":"HerveBocherens","display_name":"Herve Bocherens","profile_url":"https://uni-tuebingen.academia.edu/HerveBocherens?f_ri=15377","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/351698/319447/378704/s65_herve.bocherens.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":772,"name":"Human Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Evolution?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true},{"id":15377,"name":"Hominin Diet","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hominin_Diet?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true},{"id":36272,"name":"Stable Isotopes in 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href="https://www.academia.edu/77659848/Possible_predator_avoidance_behaviour_of_hominins_in_South_Africa">Possible predator avoidance behaviour of hominins in South Africa</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/77659848" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="69875839b0a231344c98898c71600729" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":84969733,"asset_id":77659848,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen 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data-has-card-for-ri="18594" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Ecology">Evolutionary Ecology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="18594" type="text/json">{"id":18594,"name":"Evolutionary Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Ecology?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="56478" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Australopithecus">Australopithecus</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="56478" type="text/json">{"id":56478,"name":"Australopithecus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Australopithecus?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=77659848]'), work: {"id":77659848,"title":"Possible predator avoidance behaviour of hominins in South Africa","created_at":"2022-04-26T04:20:51.913-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/77659848/Possible_predator_avoidance_behaviour_of_hominins_in_South_Africa?f_ri=15377","dom_id":"work_77659848","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":84969733,"asset_id":77659848,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":21049608,"first_name":"Prof. Shaw","last_name":"Badenhorst","domain_name":"wits","page_name":"ShawBadenhorst","display_name":"Prof. Shaw Badenhorst","profile_url":"https://wits.academia.edu/ShawBadenhorst?f_ri=15377","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/21049608/5830809/6624575/s65_shaw.badenhorst.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":179,"name":"Ethology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethology?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true},{"id":15377,"name":"Hominin Diet","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hominin_Diet?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true},{"id":18594,"name":"Evolutionary Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Ecology?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true},{"id":56478,"name":"Australopithecus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Australopithecus?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true},{"id":66145,"name":"Hominin evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hominin_evolution?f_ri=15377"},{"id":88663,"name":"Baboons","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Baboons?f_ri=15377"},{"id":178225,"name":"African Lions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_Lions?f_ri=15377"},{"id":198793,"name":"Hominin Fossils","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hominin_Fossils?f_ri=15377"},{"id":457835,"name":"Chacma baboon","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chacma_baboon?f_ri=15377"},{"id":464665,"name":"Early Australopithecines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Australopithecines?f_ri=15377"},{"id":477767,"name":"Cradle of Humankind","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cradle_of_Humankind?f_ri=15377"},{"id":489432,"name":"Impala","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Impala?f_ri=15377"},{"id":517398,"name":"Early Hominin Migrations and Dispersals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Hominin_Migrations_and_Dispersals?f_ri=15377"},{"id":530866,"name":"Hominid Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hominid_Evolution?f_ri=15377"},{"id":540495,"name":"Leopard","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Leopard?f_ri=15377"},{"id":556332,"name":"Australopithecus africanus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Australopithecus_africanus?f_ri=15377"},{"id":595519,"name":"Hominid dispersals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hominid_dispersals?f_ri=15377"},{"id":957506,"name":"Evolution of Hominin and Human Behaviour","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolution_of_Hominin_and_Human_Behaviour?f_ri=15377"},{"id":2104284,"name":"Homo naledi","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Homo_naledi?f_ri=15377"},{"id":2509437,"name":"Aepyceros melampus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aepyceros_melampus?f_ri=15377"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_37148005" data-work_id="37148005" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37148005/Possible_predator_avoidance_behaviour_of_hominins_in_South_Africa">Possible predator avoidance behaviour of hominins in South Africa</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Many antelopes have an excellent sense of smell, and our human relatives such as Paranthropus robustus may have associate themselves with those antelope species during the day to avoid predation by lions, leopards and carnivores. This... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_37148005" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Many antelopes have an excellent sense of smell, and our human relatives such as Paranthropus robustus may have associate themselves with those antelope species during the day to avoid predation by lions, leopards and carnivores. This helps to explain why robust australopithecines successfully survived for nearly a million years on the Highveld of South Africa.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/37148005" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="24b38e20726764cc31386139e1bfc3f9" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":57098196,"asset_id":37148005,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57098196/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1NzU4Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="21049608" href="https://wits.academia.edu/ShawBadenhorst">Prof. Shaw Badenhorst</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="21049608" type="text/json">{"id":21049608,"first_name":"Prof. Shaw","last_name":"Badenhorst","domain_name":"wits","page_name":"ShawBadenhorst","display_name":"Prof. Shaw Badenhorst","profile_url":"https://wits.academia.edu/ShawBadenhorst?f_ri=15377","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/21049608/5830809/6624575/s65_shaw.badenhorst.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_37148005 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="37148005"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 37148005, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_37148005", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=37148005]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_37148005").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_37148005").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="37148005"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">29</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="179" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethology">Ethology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="179" type="text/json">{"id":179,"name":"Ethology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethology?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12516" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Predator-Prey_Interactions">Predator-Prey Interactions</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12516" type="text/json">{"id":12516,"name":"Predator-Prey Interactions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Predator-Prey_Interactions?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15377" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hominin_Diet">Hominin Diet</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="15377" type="text/json">{"id":15377,"name":"Hominin Diet","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hominin_Diet?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="18594" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Ecology">Evolutionary Ecology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="18594" type="text/json">{"id":18594,"name":"Evolutionary Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Ecology?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=37148005]'), work: {"id":37148005,"title":"Possible predator avoidance behaviour of hominins in South Africa","created_at":"2018-07-30T02:13:18.128-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/37148005/Possible_predator_avoidance_behaviour_of_hominins_in_South_Africa?f_ri=15377","dom_id":"work_37148005","summary":"Many antelopes have an excellent sense of smell, and our human relatives such as Paranthropus robustus may have associate themselves with those antelope species during the day to avoid predation by lions, leopards and carnivores. This helps to explain why robust australopithecines successfully survived for nearly a million years on the Highveld of South Africa.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":57098196,"asset_id":37148005,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":21049608,"first_name":"Prof. Shaw","last_name":"Badenhorst","domain_name":"wits","page_name":"ShawBadenhorst","display_name":"Prof. Shaw Badenhorst","profile_url":"https://wits.academia.edu/ShawBadenhorst?f_ri=15377","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/21049608/5830809/6624575/s65_shaw.badenhorst.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":179,"name":"Ethology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethology?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true},{"id":12516,"name":"Predator-Prey Interactions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Predator-Prey_Interactions?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true},{"id":15377,"name":"Hominin Diet","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hominin_Diet?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true},{"id":18594,"name":"Evolutionary Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Ecology?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true},{"id":22857,"name":"Palaeoanthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Palaeoanthropology?f_ri=15377"},{"id":34136,"name":"Mammal Extinctions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mammal_Extinctions?f_ri=15377"},{"id":56478,"name":"Australopithecus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Australopithecus?f_ri=15377"},{"id":57568,"name":"Papio hamadryas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Papio_hamadryas?f_ri=15377"},{"id":58148,"name":"Paranthropus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paranthropus?f_ri=15377"},{"id":66145,"name":"Hominin evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hominin_evolution?f_ri=15377"},{"id":68007,"name":"Hominid-Carnivore interactions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hominid-Carnivore_interactions?f_ri=15377"},{"id":77350,"name":"Sterkfontein","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sterkfontein?f_ri=15377"},{"id":88663,"name":"Baboons","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Baboons?f_ri=15377"},{"id":178225,"name":"African Lions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_Lions?f_ri=15377"},{"id":184336,"name":"Palaeolithic Archaeology, Hominin Palaeontology, Evolutionary Psychology and Cognitive Psychology, Palaeoecology, Palaeoenvironment, and Palaeoclimate studies, Anthropological Genetics, Palaeopathology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Palaeolithic_Archaeology_Hominin_Palaeontology_Evolutionary_Psychology_and_Cognitive_Psychology_P?f_ri=15377"},{"id":198793,"name":"Hominin Fossils","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hominin_Fossils?f_ri=15377"},{"id":435786,"name":"South African palaeoanthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_African_palaeoanthropology?f_ri=15377"},{"id":457835,"name":"Chacma baboon","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chacma_baboon?f_ri=15377"},{"id":464665,"name":"Early Australopithecines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Australopithecines?f_ri=15377"},{"id":477767,"name":"Cradle of Humankind","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cradle_of_Humankind?f_ri=15377"},{"id":489432,"name":"Impala","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Impala?f_ri=15377"},{"id":517398,"name":"Early Hominin Migrations and Dispersals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Hominin_Migrations_and_Dispersals?f_ri=15377"},{"id":530866,"name":"Hominid Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hominid_Evolution?f_ri=15377"},{"id":540495,"name":"Leopard","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Leopard?f_ri=15377"},{"id":556332,"name":"Australopithecus africanus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Australopithecus_africanus?f_ri=15377"},{"id":595519,"name":"Hominid dispersals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hominid_dispersals?f_ri=15377"},{"id":957506,"name":"Evolution of Hominin and Human Behaviour","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolution_of_Hominin_and_Human_Behaviour?f_ri=15377"},{"id":2104284,"name":"Homo naledi","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Homo_naledi?f_ri=15377"},{"id":2509437,"name":"Aepyceros melampus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aepyceros_melampus?f_ri=15377"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_33078580" data-work_id="33078580" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/33078580/Hypothesis_Hunter_prey_correlation_between_migration_routes_of_African_buffaloes_and_early_hominids_Evidence_for_the_Out_of_Africa_hypothesis">Hypothesis Hunter-prey correlation between migration routes of African buffaloes and early hominids: Evidence for the " Out of Africa " hypothesis</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Based on the similarity of migration routes of early bovines and early hominids (direct hunter-prey correlation) we postulate the hypothesis that early hunter hominids followed the herds of buffaloes and that the dispersal of early... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_33078580" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Based on the similarity of migration routes of early bovines and early hominids (direct hunter-prey correlation) we postulate the hypothesis that early hunter hominids followed the herds of buffaloes and that the dispersal of early hominids pan-Africa is directly correlated to the historical migration of the African buffalo. This reasoning gives supportive evidence for the " Out of Africa " hypothesis. In addition, brain fattening (" brain steatosis ") has previously been demonstrated after exposure of a juvenile mouse strain to a bovine lard High-Fat diet and starvation-as an evolutionary paradox-in whole brain using LCMS-techniques [1]. Here we postulate the hypotheses that accumulation of specific Triacylglycerols from bovine lard (large amounts of unsaturated C:50-1; C:50-2; C:52-2; C:52-3; C:54-3;C:54-4 and C:56-3 TGs) in early hominid brain could have contributed to encephalization in human evolution. Following this lipidomics based scientific approach [2] we gave supportive evidence for the " Out of Africa " hypothesis.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/33078580" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="aeeaca74b276b5bb62d9a239033a5f9d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":53180634,"asset_id":33078580,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53180634/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1NzU4Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="24412762" href="https://independent.academia.edu/VincentvanGinneken">Vincent van Ginneken</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="24412762" type="text/json">{"id":24412762,"first_name":"Vincent","last_name":"van Ginneken","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"VincentvanGinneken","display_name":"Vincent van Ginneken","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/VincentvanGinneken?f_ri=15377","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/24412762/16755361/17023610/s65_vincent.van_ginneken.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_33078580 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="33078580"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 33078580, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_33078580", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33078580]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_33078580").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_33078580").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="33078580"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="772" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Evolution">Human Evolution</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="772" type="text/json">{"id":772,"name":"Human Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Evolution?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4850" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Migration">Migration</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4850" type="text/json">{"id":4850,"name":"Migration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Migration?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="14730" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Migration_Studies">Migration Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="14730" type="text/json">{"id":14730,"name":"Migration Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Migration_Studies?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15377" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hominin_Diet">Hominin Diet</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="15377" type="text/json">{"id":15377,"name":"Hominin Diet","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hominin_Diet?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=33078580]'), work: {"id":33078580,"title":"Hypothesis Hunter-prey correlation between migration routes of African buffaloes and early hominids: Evidence for the \" Out of Africa \" hypothesis","created_at":"2017-05-18T09:06:07.461-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/33078580/Hypothesis_Hunter_prey_correlation_between_migration_routes_of_African_buffaloes_and_early_hominids_Evidence_for_the_Out_of_Africa_hypothesis?f_ri=15377","dom_id":"work_33078580","summary":"Based on the similarity of migration routes of early bovines and early hominids (direct hunter-prey correlation) we postulate the hypothesis that early hunter hominids followed the herds of buffaloes and that the dispersal of early hominids pan-Africa is directly correlated to the historical migration of the African buffalo. This reasoning gives supportive evidence for the \" Out of Africa \" hypothesis. In addition, brain fattening (\" brain steatosis \") has previously been demonstrated after exposure of a juvenile mouse strain to a bovine lard High-Fat diet and starvation-as an evolutionary paradox-in whole brain using LCMS-techniques [1]. Here we postulate the hypotheses that accumulation of specific Triacylglycerols from bovine lard (large amounts of unsaturated C:50-1; C:50-2; C:52-2; C:52-3; C:54-3;C:54-4 and C:56-3 TGs) in early hominid brain could have contributed to encephalization in human evolution. Following this lipidomics based scientific approach [2] we gave supportive evidence for the \" Out of Africa \" hypothesis.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":53180634,"asset_id":33078580,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":24412762,"first_name":"Vincent","last_name":"van Ginneken","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"VincentvanGinneken","display_name":"Vincent van Ginneken","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/VincentvanGinneken?f_ri=15377","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/24412762/16755361/17023610/s65_vincent.van_ginneken.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":772,"name":"Human Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Evolution?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true},{"id":4850,"name":"Migration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Migration?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true},{"id":14730,"name":"Migration Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Migration_Studies?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true},{"id":15377,"name":"Hominin Diet","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hominin_Diet?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true},{"id":66145,"name":"Hominin evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hominin_evolution?f_ri=15377"},{"id":184336,"name":"Palaeolithic Archaeology, Hominin Palaeontology, Evolutionary Psychology and Cognitive Psychology, Palaeoecology, Palaeoenvironment, and Palaeoclimate studies, Anthropological Genetics, Palaeopathology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Palaeolithic_Archaeology_Hominin_Palaeontology_Evolutionary_Psychology_and_Cognitive_Psychology_P?f_ri=15377"},{"id":280651,"name":"out of Africa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/out_of_Africa?f_ri=15377"},{"id":342467,"name":"human evolution, paleolithic archaeology, out of Africa theory, paleoecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/human_evolution_paleolithic_archaeology_out_of_Africa_theory_paleoecology?f_ri=15377"},{"id":573261,"name":"Encephalization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Encephalization?f_ri=15377"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_22181357 coauthored" data-work_id="22181357" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/22181357/Buccal_dental_microwear_analyses_support_greater_specialization_in_consumption_of_hard_foodstuffs_for_Australopithecus_anamensis">Buccal dental microwear analyses support greater specialization in consumption of hard foodstuffs for Australopithecus anamensis</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Molar occlusal microwear texture and anisotropy analyses of 3 Australopithecus anamensis fossil specimens have shown complexity values similar to those of Au. afarensis, indicating that neither of these hominin species had a diet... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_22181357" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Molar occlusal microwear texture and anisotropy analyses of 3 Australopithecus anamensis fossil specimens have shown complexity values similar to those of Au. afarensis, indicating that neither of these hominin species had a diet dominated by hard food. However, many researchers have suggested that these were some of the earliest hominins to have such diets. Here we examine buccal microwear patterns of 5 Au. anamensis, 26 Au. afarensis, 48 Hominoidea and 80 Cercopithecoidea primate specimens for independent evidence of dietary adaptations of Au. anamensis. The buccal microwear results obtained suggest that the diet of Au. anamensis relied heavily on hard, brittle food, at least seasonally. This is similar to the diet of the extant Cercopithecoidea primates,</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/22181357" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="eff9f740f42e9e196016004f6591c7f5" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":42840125,"asset_id":22181357,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/42840125/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1NzU4Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="28832602" href="https://independent.academia.edu/DANIELTURBON">DANIEL TURBON</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="28832602" type="text/json">{"id":28832602,"first_name":"DANIEL","last_name":"TURBON","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"DANIELTURBON","display_name":"DANIEL TURBON","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/DANIELTURBON?f_ri=15377","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/28832602/11615230/12952489/s65_daniel.turbon.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-22181357">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-22181357"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://ub.academia.edu/AlejandroPerezPerez">Alejandro Perez-Perez</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-22181357'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-22181357').html(); 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However, many researchers have suggested that these were some of the earliest hominins to have such diets. Here we examine buccal microwear patterns of 5 Au. anamensis, 26 Au. afarensis, 48 Hominoidea and 80 Cercopithecoidea primate specimens for independent evidence of dietary adaptations of Au. anamensis. The buccal microwear results obtained suggest that the diet of Au. anamensis relied heavily on hard, brittle food, at least seasonally. This is similar to the diet of the extant Cercopithecoidea primates,","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":42840125,"asset_id":22181357,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":28832602,"first_name":"DANIEL","last_name":"TURBON","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"DANIELTURBON","display_name":"DANIEL TURBON","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/DANIELTURBON?f_ri=15377","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/28832602/11615230/12952489/s65_daniel.turbon.jpg"},{"id":2629464,"first_name":"Alejandro","last_name":"Perez-Perez","domain_name":"ub","page_name":"AlejandroPerezPerez","display_name":"Alejandro Perez-Perez","profile_url":"https://ub.academia.edu/AlejandroPerezPerez?f_ri=15377","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2629464/10492252/11707168/s65_alejandro.perez-perez.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true},{"id":2978,"name":"Dental Research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dental_Research?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true},{"id":4527,"name":"Africa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Africa?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true},{"id":6470,"name":"Dental Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dental_Anthropology?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true},{"id":8827,"name":"East Africa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/East_Africa?f_ri=15377"},{"id":9478,"name":"Diet","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diet?f_ri=15377"},{"id":10655,"name":"Scanning Electron Microscopy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scanning_Electron_Microscopy?f_ri=15377"},{"id":13723,"name":"Physical Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physical_Anthropology?f_ri=15377"},{"id":15377,"name":"Hominin Diet","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hominin_Diet?f_ri=15377"},{"id":20704,"name":"Primate Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Primate_Ecology?f_ri=15377"},{"id":21361,"name":"Ethiopia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethiopia?f_ri=15377"},{"id":22210,"name":"Dental microwear","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dental_microwear?f_ri=15377"},{"id":23222,"name":"Foraging ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Foraging_ecology?f_ri=15377"},{"id":49277,"name":"Hominid","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hominid?f_ri=15377"},{"id":52714,"name":"Primates","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Primates?f_ri=15377"},{"id":56473,"name":"Tooth 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afarensis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Australopithecus_afarensis?f_ri=15377"},{"id":160814,"name":"Fruit","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fruit?f_ri=15377"},{"id":210814,"name":"Poaceae","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Poaceae?f_ri=15377"},{"id":363857,"name":"Microwear","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microwear?f_ri=15377"},{"id":386438,"name":"Seeds","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seeds?f_ri=15377"},{"id":464665,"name":"Early Australopithecines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Australopithecines?f_ri=15377"},{"id":474004,"name":"Australopithecus anamensis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Australopithecus_anamensis?f_ri=15377"},{"id":519447,"name":"Hominidae","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hominidae?f_ri=15377"},{"id":649451,"name":"Seasons","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seasons?f_ri=15377"},{"id":804094,"name":"Tooth","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tooth?f_ri=15377"},{"id":2112791,"name":"Anthropological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropological_Sciences?f_ri=15377"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_3374191" data-work_id="3374191" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/3374191/Cooking_debate_goes_off_the_boil">Cooking debate goes off the boil</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Learning how to control fire for cooking might have helped early hominins develop bigger brains.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/3374191" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6a708398725f8dc29f6b60b0190e4579" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":37543507,"asset_id":3374191,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen 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data-has-card-for-ri="40060" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistoric_diet">Prehistoric diet</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="40060" type="text/json">{"id":40060,"name":"Prehistoric diet","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistoric_diet?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=3374191]'), work: {"id":3374191,"title":"Cooking debate goes off the boil","created_at":"2013-04-24T00:15:17.172-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/3374191/Cooking_debate_goes_off_the_boil?f_ri=15377","dom_id":"work_3374191","summary":"Learning how to control fire for cooking might have helped early hominins develop bigger 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data-work_id="657159" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/657159/Implications_of_diagenesis_for_the_isotopic_analysis_of_Upper_Miocene_large_mammalian_herbivore_tooth_enamel_from_Chad">Implications of diagenesis for the isotopic analysis of Upper Miocene large mammalian herbivore tooth enamel from Chad</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/657159" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div 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Bocherens","profile_url":"https://uni-tuebingen.academia.edu/HerveBocherens?f_ri=15377","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/351698/319447/378704/s65_herve.bocherens.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":6474,"name":"Paleodiet","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleodiet?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true},{"id":15377,"name":"Hominin Diet","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hominin_Diet?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true},{"id":100394,"name":"Miocene","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Miocene?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true},{"id":100902,"name":"Bone diagenesis and taphonomy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bone_diagenesis_and_taphonomy?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true},{"id":291610,"name":"Miocenene Mammals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Miocenene_Mammals?f_ri=15377"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_81831075" data-work_id="81831075" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/81831075/Mechanical_evidence_that_Australopithecus_sediba_was_limited_in_its_ability_to_eat_hard_foods">Mechanical evidence that Australopithecus sediba was limited in its ability to eat hard foods</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Australopithecus sediba has been hypothesized to be a close relative of the genus Homo. Here we show that MH1, the type specimen of A. sediba, was not optimized to produce high molar bite force and appears to have been limited in its... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_81831075" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Australopithecus sediba has been hypothesized to be a close relative of the genus Homo. Here we show that MH1, the type specimen of A. sediba, was not optimized to produce high molar bite force and appears to have been limited in its ability to consume foods that were mechanically challenging to eat. Dental microwear data have previously been interpreted as indicating that A. sediba consumed hard foods, so our findings illustrate that mechanical data are essential if one aims to reconstruct a relatively complete picture of feeding adaptations in extinct hominins. An implication of our study is that the key to understanding the origin of Homo lies in understanding how environmental changes disrupted gracile australopith niches. Resulting selection pressures led to changes in diet and dietary adaption that set the stage for the emergence of our genus.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/81831075" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a140319735d175e015c97863fc2f0768" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":87738692,"asset_id":81831075,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/87738692/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1NzU4Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="162171659" href="https://wits.academia.edu/LeeBerger">Lee Berger</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="162171659" type="text/json">{"id":162171659,"first_name":"Lee","last_name":"Berger","domain_name":"wits","page_name":"LeeBerger","display_name":"Lee Berger","profile_url":"https://wits.academia.edu/LeeBerger?f_ri=15377","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/162171659/63141053/51442849/s65_lee.berger.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_81831075 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="81831075"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 81831075, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_81831075", }); 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Here we show that MH1, the type specimen of A. sediba, was not optimized to produce high molar bite force and appears to have been limited in its ability to consume foods that were mechanically challenging to eat. Dental microwear data have previously been interpreted as indicating that A. sediba consumed hard foods, so our findings illustrate that mechanical data are essential if one aims to reconstruct a relatively complete picture of feeding adaptations in extinct hominins. An implication of our study is that the key to understanding the origin of Homo lies in understanding how environmental changes disrupted gracile australopith niches. Resulting selection pressures led to changes in diet and dietary adaption that set the stage for the emergence of our genus.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":87738692,"asset_id":81831075,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":162171659,"first_name":"Lee","last_name":"Berger","domain_name":"wits","page_name":"LeeBerger","display_name":"Lee Berger","profile_url":"https://wits.academia.edu/LeeBerger?f_ri=15377","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/162171659/63141053/51442849/s65_lee.berger.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":398,"name":"Paleoanthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleoanthropology?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true},{"id":767,"name":"Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true},{"id":772,"name":"Human Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Evolution?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true},{"id":3132,"name":"Biomechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomechanics?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true},{"id":7603,"name":"Food","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food?f_ri=15377"},{"id":7710,"name":"Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology?f_ri=15377"},{"id":9478,"name":"Diet","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diet?f_ri=15377"},{"id":15377,"name":"Hominin Diet","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hominin_Diet?f_ri=15377"},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=15377"},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=15377"},{"id":49281,"name":"Bite force","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bite_force?f_ri=15377"},{"id":56473,"name":"Tooth wear","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tooth_wear?f_ri=15377"},{"id":69542,"name":"Computer Simulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Simulation?f_ri=15377"},{"id":90326,"name":"Fossils","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fossils?f_ri=15377"},{"id":184676,"name":"Jaw","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jaw?f_ri=15377"},{"id":311472,"name":"Pan troglodytes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pan_troglodytes?f_ri=15377"},{"id":519447,"name":"Hominidae","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hominidae?f_ri=15377"},{"id":1267800,"name":"Nature Communications","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nature_Communications?f_ri=15377"},{"id":3197061,"name":"Molar","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molar?f_ri=15377"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_74317196" data-work_id="74317196" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/74317196/Archaeology_and_ichnology_at_Gombore_II_2_Melka_Kunture_Ethiopia_everyday_life_of_a_mixed_age_hominin_group_700_000_years_ago">Archaeology and ichnology at Gombore II-2, Melka Kunture, Ethiopia: everyday life of a mixed-age hominin group 700,000 years ago</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">We report the occurrence at 0.7 million years (Ma) of an ichnological assemblage at Gombore II-2, which is one of several archaeological sites at Melka Kunture in the upper Awash Valley of Ethiopia, 2000 m asl. Adults and children... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_74317196" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">We report the occurrence at 0.7 million years (Ma) of an ichnological assemblage at Gombore II-2, which is one of several archaeological sites at Melka Kunture in the upper Awash Valley of Ethiopia, 2000 m asl. Adults and children potentially as young as 12 months old left tracks in a silty substrate on the shore of a body of water where ungulates, as well as other mammals and birds, congregated. Furthermore, the same layers contain a rich archaeological and palaeontological record, confirming that knapping was taking place in situ and that stone tools were used for butchering hippo carcasses at the site. The site gives direct information on hominin landscape use at 0.7 Ma and may provide fresh perspective on the childhood of our ancestors.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/74317196" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="1a4b2014a9b260e507a6b831c329144d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":82511787,"asset_id":74317196,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/82511787/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1NzU4Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="29864381" href="https://unica.academia.edu/ritateresamelis">rita teresa melis</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="29864381" type="text/json">{"id":29864381,"first_name":"rita teresa","last_name":"melis","domain_name":"unica","page_name":"ritateresamelis","display_name":"rita teresa melis","profile_url":"https://unica.academia.edu/ritateresamelis?f_ri=15377","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_74317196 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="74317196"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 74317196, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_74317196", }); 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Adults and children potentially as young as 12 months old left tracks in a silty substrate on the shore of a body of water where ungulates, as well as other mammals and birds, congregated. Furthermore, the same layers contain a rich archaeological and palaeontological record, confirming that knapping was taking place in situ and that stone tools were used for butchering hippo carcasses at the site. The site gives direct information on hominin landscape use at 0.7 Ma and may provide fresh perspective on the childhood of our ancestors.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":82511787,"asset_id":74317196,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":29864381,"first_name":"rita teresa","last_name":"melis","domain_name":"unica","page_name":"ritateresamelis","display_name":"rita teresa melis","profile_url":"https://unica.academia.edu/ritateresamelis?f_ri=15377","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":379,"name":"African Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_Studies?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true},{"id":2588,"name":"Ichnology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ichnology?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true},{"id":3454,"name":"Children and Families","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Children_and_Families?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true},{"id":6475,"name":"Anthropology of Children and Childhood","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology_of_Children_and_Childhood?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true},{"id":15377,"name":"Hominin Diet","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hominin_Diet?f_ri=15377"},{"id":21361,"name":"Ethiopia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethiopia?f_ri=15377"},{"id":33713,"name":"Evolution and Human Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolution_and_Human_Behavior?f_ri=15377"},{"id":63625,"name":"African Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_Archaeology?f_ri=15377"},{"id":66145,"name":"Hominin evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hominin_evolution?f_ri=15377"},{"id":78656,"name":"Ethiopian archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethiopian_archaeology?f_ri=15377"},{"id":80257,"name":"Butchery","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Butchery?f_ri=15377"},{"id":84769,"name":"Ichnotaxonomy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ichnotaxonomy?f_ri=15377"},{"id":101693,"name":"Archeozoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archeozoology?f_ri=15377"},{"id":174230,"name":"Archeologia Preistorica","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archeologia_Preistorica?f_ri=15377"},{"id":198793,"name":"Hominin Fossils","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hominin_Fossils?f_ri=15377"},{"id":337587,"name":"Fossil Footprints","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fossil_Footprints?f_ri=15377"},{"id":450525,"name":"Hominin Locomotion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hominin_Locomotion?f_ri=15377"},{"id":957506,"name":"Evolution of Hominin and Human Behaviour","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolution_of_Hominin_and_Human_Behaviour?f_ri=15377"},{"id":2644887,"name":"Gombore","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gombore?f_ri=15377"},{"id":2866713,"name":"Fossil mammals footprints","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fossil_mammals_footprints?f_ri=15377"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_62645787" data-work_id="62645787" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/62645787/Mechanical_evidence_that_Australopithecus_sediba_was_limited_in_its_ability_to_eat_hard_foods">Mechanical evidence that Australopithecus sediba was limited in its ability to eat hard foods</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Australopithecus sediba has been hypothesized to be a close relative of the genus Homo. Here we show that MH1, the type specimen of A. sediba, was not optimized to produce high molar bite force and appears to have been limited in its... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_62645787" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Australopithecus sediba has been hypothesized to be a close relative of the genus Homo. Here we show that MH1, the type specimen of A. sediba, was not optimized to produce high molar bite force and appears to have been limited in its ability to consume foods that were mechanically challenging to eat. Dental microwear data have previously been interpreted as indicating that A. sediba consumed hard foods, so our findings illustrate that mechanical data are essential if one aims to reconstruct a relatively complete picture of feeding adaptations in extinct hominins. An implication of our study is that the key to understanding the origin of Homo lies in understanding how environmental changes disrupted gracile australopith niches. Resulting selection pressures led to changes in diet and dietary adaption that set the stage for the emergence of our genus.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/62645787" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="cd5bea981ce8e1c57acaccfbcd125d5c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":75339099,"asset_id":62645787,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/75339099/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1NzU4Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2368908" href="https://umass.academia.edu/IanGrosse">Ian Grosse</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2368908" type="text/json">{"id":2368908,"first_name":"Ian","last_name":"Grosse","domain_name":"umass","page_name":"IanGrosse","display_name":"Ian Grosse","profile_url":"https://umass.academia.edu/IanGrosse?f_ri=15377","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2368908/746087/81087264/s65_ian.grosse.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_62645787 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="62645787"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 62645787, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_62645787", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=62645787]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_62645787").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_62645787").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="62645787"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">17</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="398" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleoanthropology">Paleoanthropology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="398" type="text/json">{"id":398,"name":"Paleoanthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleoanthropology?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="767" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology">Anthropology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="767" type="text/json">{"id":767,"name":"Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="772" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Evolution">Human Evolution</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="772" type="text/json">{"id":772,"name":"Human Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Evolution?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3132" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomechanics">Biomechanics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="3132" type="text/json">{"id":3132,"name":"Biomechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomechanics?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=62645787]'), work: {"id":62645787,"title":"Mechanical evidence that Australopithecus sediba was limited in its ability to eat hard foods","created_at":"2021-11-28T12:14:37.093-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/62645787/Mechanical_evidence_that_Australopithecus_sediba_was_limited_in_its_ability_to_eat_hard_foods?f_ri=15377","dom_id":"work_62645787","summary":"Australopithecus sediba has been hypothesized to be a close relative of the genus Homo. Here we show that MH1, the type specimen of A. sediba, was not optimized to produce high molar bite force and appears to have been limited in its ability to consume foods that were mechanically challenging to eat. Dental microwear data have previously been interpreted as indicating that A. sediba consumed hard foods, so our findings illustrate that mechanical data are essential if one aims to reconstruct a relatively complete picture of feeding adaptations in extinct hominins. An implication of our study is that the key to understanding the origin of Homo lies in understanding how environmental changes disrupted gracile australopith niches. Resulting selection pressures led to changes in diet and dietary adaption that set the stage for the emergence of our genus.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":75339099,"asset_id":62645787,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2368908,"first_name":"Ian","last_name":"Grosse","domain_name":"umass","page_name":"IanGrosse","display_name":"Ian Grosse","profile_url":"https://umass.academia.edu/IanGrosse?f_ri=15377","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2368908/746087/81087264/s65_ian.grosse.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":398,"name":"Paleoanthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleoanthropology?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true},{"id":767,"name":"Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true},{"id":772,"name":"Human Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Evolution?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true},{"id":3132,"name":"Biomechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomechanics?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true},{"id":7603,"name":"Food","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food?f_ri=15377"},{"id":9478,"name":"Diet","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diet?f_ri=15377"},{"id":15377,"name":"Hominin Diet","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hominin_Diet?f_ri=15377"},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=15377"},{"id":49281,"name":"Bite force","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bite_force?f_ri=15377"},{"id":56473,"name":"Tooth wear","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tooth_wear?f_ri=15377"},{"id":69542,"name":"Computer Simulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Simulation?f_ri=15377"},{"id":90326,"name":"Fossils","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fossils?f_ri=15377"},{"id":184676,"name":"Jaw","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jaw?f_ri=15377"},{"id":311472,"name":"Pan troglodytes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pan_troglodytes?f_ri=15377"},{"id":519447,"name":"Hominidae","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hominidae?f_ri=15377"},{"id":1267800,"name":"Nature Communications","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nature_Communications?f_ri=15377"},{"id":3197061,"name":"Molar","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molar?f_ri=15377"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_11075560" data-work_id="11075560" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/11075560/Archaeogenomic_insights_into_the_adaptation_of_plants_to_the_human_environment_pushing_plant_hominin_co_evolution_back_to_the_Pliocene">Archaeogenomic insights into the adaptation of plants to the human environment: pushing plant–hominin co-evolution back to the Pliocene</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The colonization of the human environment by plants, and the consequent evolution of domesticated forms is increasingly being viewed as a co-evolutionary plantehuman process that occurred over a long time period, with evidence for the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_11075560" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The colonization of the human environment by plants, and the consequent evolution of domesticated forms is increasingly being viewed as a co-evolutionary plantehuman process that occurred over a long time period, with evidence for the co-evolutionary relationship between plants and humans reaching ever deeper into the hominin past. This developing view is characterized by a change in emphasis on the drivers of evolution in the case of plants. Rather than individual species being passive recipients of artificial selection pressures and ultimately becoming domesticates, entire plant communities adapted to the human environment. This evolutionary scenario leads to systems level genetic expectations from models that can be explored through ancient DNA and Next Generation Sequencing approaches. Emerging evidence suggests that domesticated genomes fit well with these expectations, with periods of stable complex evolution characterized by large amounts of change associated with relatively small selective value, punctuated by periods in which changes in one-half of the plantehominin relationship cause rapid, low-complexity adaptation in the other. A corollary of a single plantehominin coevolutionary process is that clues about the initiation of the domestication process may well lie deep within the hominin lineage.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/11075560" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a37ba93e72020baf3d441391f6c54e53" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":46921460,"asset_id":11075560,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46921460/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1NzU4Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="26774144" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RobinAllaby">Robin Allaby</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="26774144" type="text/json">{"id":26774144,"first_name":"Robin","last_name":"Allaby","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RobinAllaby","display_name":"Robin Allaby","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RobinAllaby?f_ri=15377","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_11075560 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="11075560"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 11075560, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_11075560", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=11075560]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_11075560").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_11075560").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="11075560"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">33</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="155" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology">Evolutionary Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="155" type="text/json">{"id":155,"name":"Evolutionary Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="392" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology">Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="392" type="text/json">{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="767" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology">Anthropology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="767" type="text/json">{"id":767,"name":"Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="772" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Evolution">Human Evolution</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="772" type="text/json">{"id":772,"name":"Human Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Evolution?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=11075560]'), work: {"id":11075560,"title":"Archaeogenomic insights into the adaptation of plants to the human environment: pushing plant–hominin co-evolution back to the Pliocene","created_at":"2015-02-25T03:49:49.326-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/11075560/Archaeogenomic_insights_into_the_adaptation_of_plants_to_the_human_environment_pushing_plant_hominin_co_evolution_back_to_the_Pliocene?f_ri=15377","dom_id":"work_11075560","summary":"The colonization of the human environment by plants, and the consequent evolution of domesticated forms is increasingly being viewed as a co-evolutionary plantehuman process that occurred over a long time period, with evidence for the co-evolutionary relationship between plants and humans reaching ever deeper into the hominin past. This developing view is characterized by a change in emphasis on the drivers of evolution in the case of plants. Rather than individual species being passive recipients of artificial selection pressures and ultimately becoming domesticates, entire plant communities adapted to the human environment. This evolutionary scenario leads to systems level genetic expectations from models that can be explored through ancient DNA and Next Generation Sequencing approaches. Emerging evidence suggests that domesticated genomes fit well with these expectations, with periods of stable complex evolution characterized by large amounts of change associated with relatively small selective value, punctuated by periods in which changes in one-half of the plantehominin relationship cause rapid, low-complexity adaptation in the other. A corollary of a single plantehominin coevolutionary process is that clues about the initiation of the domestication process may well lie deep within the hominin lineage.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":46921460,"asset_id":11075560,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":26774144,"first_name":"Robin","last_name":"Allaby","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RobinAllaby","display_name":"Robin Allaby","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RobinAllaby?f_ri=15377","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":155,"name":"Evolutionary Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true},{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true},{"id":767,"name":"Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true},{"id":772,"name":"Human Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Evolution?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true},{"id":3216,"name":"Genomics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genomics?f_ri=15377"},{"id":3315,"name":"Evolutionary Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Archaeology?f_ri=15377"},{"id":3549,"name":"Crop genetic diversity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Crop_genetic_diversity?f_ri=15377"},{"id":4481,"name":"Evolutionary genetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_genetics?f_ri=15377"},{"id":7610,"name":"Evolutionary Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Anthropology?f_ri=15377"},{"id":10225,"name":"Agriculture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Agriculture?f_ri=15377"},{"id":10882,"name":"Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolution?f_ri=15377"},{"id":12588,"name":"Origins of Agriculture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Origins_of_Agriculture?f_ri=15377"},{"id":15377,"name":"Hominin Diet","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hominin_Diet?f_ri=15377"},{"id":16638,"name":"Local Adaptation (Evolutionary Ecology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Local_Adaptation_Evolutionary_Ecology_?f_ri=15377"},{"id":16743,"name":"Plant domestication (Prehistoric Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_domestication_Prehistoric_Archaeology_?f_ri=15377"},{"id":21815,"name":"Molecular Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_Anthropology?f_ri=15377"},{"id":21967,"name":"Ancient DNA (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_DNA_Archaeology_?f_ri=15377"},{"id":25712,"name":"Ancient DNA Research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_DNA_Research?f_ri=15377"},{"id":36538,"name":"Ancient DNA (Anthropology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_DNA_Anthropology_?f_ri=15377"},{"id":39531,"name":"Origins of Agriculture (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Origins_of_Agriculture_Archaeology_?f_ri=15377"},{"id":57178,"name":"Plant Genome Project","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_Genome_Project?f_ri=15377"},{"id":66145,"name":"Hominin evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hominin_evolution?f_ri=15377"},{"id":77503,"name":"Pliocene","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pliocene?f_ri=15377"},{"id":100347,"name":"Ancient DNA","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_DNA?f_ri=15377"},{"id":133873,"name":"Plants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plants?f_ri=15377"},{"id":142522,"name":"Domestication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Domestication?f_ri=15377"},{"id":191815,"name":"Biological evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_evolution?f_ri=15377"},{"id":289476,"name":"Crop Modelling","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Crop_Modelling?f_ri=15377"},{"id":459924,"name":"Crop domestication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Crop_domestication?f_ri=15377"},{"id":519447,"name":"Hominidae","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hominidae?f_ri=15377"},{"id":701388,"name":"Anthropological genetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropological_genetics?f_ri=15377"},{"id":967741,"name":"Crop Biodiversity and Domestication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Crop_Biodiversity_and_Domestication?f_ri=15377"},{"id":1012908,"name":"Ancient DNA of Human Populations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_DNA_of_Human_Populations?f_ri=15377"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_12153907" data-work_id="12153907" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/12153907/The_interdigital_brace_and_other_grips_for_termite_nest_perforation_by_chimpanzees_of_the_Goualougo_Triangle_Republic_of_Congo">The interdigital brace and other grips for termite nest perforation by chimpanzees of the Goualougo Triangle, Republic of Congo</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Studies of chimpanzee termite foraging enlighten our understanding of early hominin tool use, not only by modeling the cognitive ability of our ancestors, but also by emphasizing the possible role of social insects in the hominin diet.... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_12153907" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Studies of chimpanzee termite foraging enlighten our understanding of early hominin tool use, not only by modeling the cognitive ability of our ancestors, but also by emphasizing the possible role of social insects in the hominin diet.  The chimpanzees of the Goualougo Triangle are known to have one of the largest and most complex tool repertoires reported for wild chimpanzees.  One tool set habitually used by this population includes a perforating tool to penetrate the hard outer crust of elevated termite nests before fishing for termite prey with an herbaceous stem.  Here we report the variation present in the grips used on the perforating tool.  Our analysis of video recordings of chimpanzee visitation to termite nests over a three-year period shows that these chimpanzees use a variety of grips to navigate the challenges encountered in opening a termite nest.  For situations in which the soil is most hardened, perforating requires force and a power grip is often used.  When the soil in the passageway is loose, precision grips are suitable for the task.  One of the preferred grips reported here is an interdigital brace, which has previously been described in studies of how some people hold a pencil.  This paper will be the first time the interdigital brace has been thoroughly described for chimpanzees.  The various strategies and grips utilized during perforation emphasize the importance of termites as a nutritional resource that should be considered more strongly as a food utilized by early hominins.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/12153907" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span 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Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=12153907]'), work: {"id":12153907,"title":"The interdigital brace and other grips for termite nest perforation by chimpanzees of the Goualougo Triangle, Republic of Congo","created_at":"2015-04-29T09:10:10.390-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/12153907/The_interdigital_brace_and_other_grips_for_termite_nest_perforation_by_chimpanzees_of_the_Goualougo_Triangle_Republic_of_Congo?f_ri=15377","dom_id":"work_12153907","summary":"Studies of chimpanzee termite foraging enlighten our understanding of early hominin tool use, not only by modeling the cognitive ability of our ancestors, but also by emphasizing the possible role of social insects in the hominin diet. 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This paper will be the first time the interdigital brace has been thoroughly described for chimpanzees. The various strategies and grips utilized during perforation emphasize the importance of termites as a nutritional resource that should be considered more strongly as a food utilized by early hominins.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":37458662,"asset_id":12153907,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":6056981,"first_name":"Julie","last_name":"Lesnik","domain_name":"wayne","page_name":"JulieLesnik","display_name":"Julie Lesnik","profile_url":"https://wayne.academia.edu/JulieLesnik?f_ri=15377","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6056981/2546540/2974130/s65_julie.lesnik.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":15377,"name":"Hominin Diet","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hominin_Diet?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true},{"id":17938,"name":"Entomophagy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Entomophagy?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true},{"id":29471,"name":"Tool-Use","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tool-Use?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true},{"id":64458,"name":"Chimpanzees","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chimpanzees?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true},{"id":173317,"name":"Termites","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Termites?f_ri=15377"},{"id":228703,"name":"Early Hominids","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Hominids?f_ri=15377"},{"id":473007,"name":"Early Hominins","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Hominins?f_ri=15377"},{"id":691018,"name":"Insectivory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Insectivory?f_ri=15377"},{"id":957506,"name":"Evolution of Hominin and Human Behaviour","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolution_of_Hominin_and_Human_Behaviour?f_ri=15377"},{"id":961025,"name":"Object Manipulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Object_Manipulation?f_ri=15377"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_37304233" data-work_id="37304233" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/37304233/A_view_to_a_kill_investigating_Middle_Palaeolithic_subsistence_using_an_Optimal_Foraging_perspective">A view to a kill: investigating Middle Palaeolithic subsistence using an Optimal Foraging perspective</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Page 1. GL Dusseldorp A view to a kill Investigating Middle Palaeolithic subsistence using an Optimal Foraging perspective Page 2. Page 3. A view to a kill Sidestone Press Page 4. © 2009 GL Dusseldorp Published by Sidestone ...</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/37304233" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="71626335" href="https://univie.academia.edu/RPinhasi">Ron Pinhasi</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="71626335" type="text/json">{"id":71626335,"first_name":"Ron","last_name":"Pinhasi","domain_name":"univie","page_name":"RPinhasi","display_name":"Ron Pinhasi","profile_url":"https://univie.academia.edu/RPinhasi?f_ri=15377","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_37304233 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="37304233"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 37304233, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_37304233", }); 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GL Dusseldorp A view to a kill Investigating Middle Palaeolithic subsistence using an Optimal Foraging perspective Page 2. Page 3. A view to a kill Sidestone Press Page 4. © 2009 GL Dusseldorp Published by Sidestone ...","downloadable_attachments":[],"ordered_authors":[{"id":71626335,"first_name":"Ron","last_name":"Pinhasi","domain_name":"univie","page_name":"RPinhasi","display_name":"Ron Pinhasi","profile_url":"https://univie.academia.edu/RPinhasi?f_ri=15377","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true},{"id":767,"name":"Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true},{"id":768,"name":"Biological Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Anthropology?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true},{"id":772,"name":"Human 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Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolution_and_Human_Behavior?f_ri=15377"},{"id":45213,"name":"Italy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Italy?f_ri=15377"},{"id":66145,"name":"Hominin evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hominin_evolution?f_ri=15377"},{"id":91709,"name":"Journal of Human Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Journal_of_Human_Evolution?f_ri=15377"},{"id":105232,"name":"Croatia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Croatia?f_ri=15377"},{"id":133265,"name":"Dissertation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dissertation?f_ri=15377"},{"id":154342,"name":"Indian Palaeolithic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Palaeolithic?f_ri=15377"},{"id":180927,"name":"Hominin subsistence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hominin_subsistence?f_ri=15377"},{"id":232440,"name":"Australian prehistory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Australian_prehistory?f_ri=15377"},{"id":612622,"name":"Herzegovina","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Herzegovina?f_ri=15377"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_36850112 coauthored" data-work_id="36850112" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/36850112/Natural_and_anthropic_events_at_La_Polledrara_di_Cecanibbio_Italy_Rome_some_significant_examples_2018_">Natural and anthropic events at La Polledrara di Cecanibbio (Italy, Rome): some significant examples (2018)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In the site of La Polledrara di Cecanibbio (MIS 9) the analysis of the riverbed morphology, combined to that of the spatial disposition of the accumulated skeletal remains and of their taphonomic modifications, allows to reconstruct the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_36850112" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In the site of La Polledrara di Cecanibbio (MIS 9) the analysis of the riverbed morphology, combined to that of the spatial disposition of the accumulated skeletal remains and of their taphonomic modifications, allows to reconstruct the events that have led to the formation and evolution of the deposit.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/36850112" 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{"id":36850112,"title":"Natural and anthropic events at La Polledrara di Cecanibbio (Italy, Rome): some significant examples (2018)","created_at":"2018-06-15T10:06:53.890-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/36850112/Natural_and_anthropic_events_at_La_Polledrara_di_Cecanibbio_Italy_Rome_some_significant_examples_2018_?f_ri=15377","dom_id":"work_36850112","summary":"In the site of La Polledrara di Cecanibbio (MIS 9) the analysis of the riverbed morphology, combined to that of the spatial disposition of the accumulated skeletal remains and of their taphonomic modifications, allows to reconstruct the events that have led to the formation and evolution of the deposit.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":56802745,"asset_id":36850112,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":971473,"first_name":"Eugenio","last_name":"Cerilli","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"EugenioCerilli","display_name":"Eugenio Cerilli","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/EugenioCerilli?f_ri=15377","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/971473/13102596/18194129/s65_eugenio.cerilli.jpg"},{"id":2854870,"first_name":"Ivana","last_name":"Fiore","domain_name":"wwwuniroma1","page_name":"IvanaFiore","display_name":"Ivana Fiore","profile_url":"https://wwwuniroma1.academia.edu/IvanaFiore?f_ri=15377","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2854870/50414787/38434955/s65_ivana.fiore.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true},{"id":399,"name":"Prehistoric 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data-work_id="7244234" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/7244234/The_diets_of_early_hominins">The diets of early hominins</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/7244234" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c2a2d91e0beeae85d4522513a4615482" rel="nofollow" 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type="text/json">{"id":7603,"name":"Food","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9478" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diet">Diet</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9478" type="text/json">{"id":9478,"name":"Diet","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diet?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15377" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hominin_Diet">Hominin Diet</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="15377" type="text/json">{"id":15377,"name":"Hominin Diet","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hominin_Diet?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=7244234]'), work: {"id":7244234,"title":"The diets of early 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Diet","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hominin_Diet?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=15377"},{"id":56473,"name":"Tooth wear","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tooth_wear?f_ri=15377"},{"id":78117,"name":"Carbon Isotopes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carbon_Isotopes?f_ri=15377"},{"id":90326,"name":"Fossils","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fossils?f_ri=15377"},{"id":107350,"name":"Skull","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Skull?f_ri=15377"},{"id":184676,"name":"Jaw","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jaw?f_ri=15377"},{"id":191815,"name":"Biological evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_evolution?f_ri=15377"},{"id":228680,"name":"Dentition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dentition?f_ri=15377"},{"id":373754,"name":"Ecosystem","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecosystem?f_ri=15377"},{"id":519447,"name":"Hominidae","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hominidae?f_ri=15377"},{"id":804094,"name":"Tooth","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tooth?f_ri=15377"},{"id":881629,"name":"Dental Enamel","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dental_Enamel?f_ri=15377"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_14479251 coauthored" data-work_id="14479251" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/14479251/Hominin_palaeoecology_in_Late_Pliocene_Malawi_First_insights_from_isotopes_sup_13_sup_C_sup_18_sup_O_in_mammal_teeth">Hominin palaeoecology in Late Pliocene Malawi: First insights from isotopes (<sup>13</sup>C, <sup>18</sup>O) in mammal teeth</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Carbon-13 and oxygen-18 abundances were measured in large mammal skeletal remains (tooth enamel, dentine and bone) from the Chiwondo Beds in Malawi, which were dated by biostratigraphic correlation to ca. 2.5 million years ago. The... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_14479251" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Carbon-13 and oxygen-18 abundances were measured in large mammal skeletal remains (tooth enamel, dentine and bone) from the Chiwondo Beds in Malawi, which were dated by biostratigraphic correlation to ca. 2.5 million years ago. The biologic isotopic patterns, in particular the difference in carbon-13 abundances between grazers and browsers and the difference in oxygen-18 abundances between semi-aquatic and terrestrial herbivores, were preserved in enamel, but not in dentine and bone. The isotopic results obtained from the skeletal remains from the Chiwondo Beds indicate a dominance of savannah habitats with some trees and shrubs. This environment was more arid than the contemporaneous Ndolanya Beds in Tanzania. The present study confirms that robust australopithecines were able to live in relatively arid environments and were not confined to more mesic environments elsewhere in southern Africa.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/14479251" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f127faa800f539f1a1c435d2ec19839f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":44121894,"asset_id":14479251,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/44121894/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1NzU4Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="351698" href="https://uni-tuebingen.academia.edu/HerveBocherens">Herve Bocherens</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="351698" type="text/json">{"id":351698,"first_name":"Herve","last_name":"Bocherens","domain_name":"uni-tuebingen","page_name":"HerveBocherens","display_name":"Herve Bocherens","profile_url":"https://uni-tuebingen.academia.edu/HerveBocherens?f_ri=15377","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/351698/319447/378704/s65_herve.bocherens.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-14479251">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-14479251"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/OttmarKullmer">Ottmar Kullmer</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-14479251'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-14479251').html(); 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container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_14479251 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="14479251"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 14479251; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=14479251]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_14479251").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_14479251").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="14479251"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">14</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="772" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Evolution">Human Evolution</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="772" type="text/json">{"id":772,"name":"Human Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Evolution?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5303" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carbon">Carbon</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5303" type="text/json">{"id":5303,"name":"Carbon","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carbon?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15377" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hominin_Diet">Hominin Diet</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="15377" type="text/json">{"id":15377,"name":"Hominin Diet","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hominin_Diet?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="17472" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Palaeoecology">Palaeoecology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="17472" type="text/json">{"id":17472,"name":"Palaeoecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Palaeoecology?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=14479251]'), work: {"id":14479251,"title":"Hominin palaeoecology in Late Pliocene Malawi: First insights from isotopes (\u003csup\u003e13\u003c/sup\u003eC, \u003csup\u003e18\u003c/sup\u003eO) in mammal teeth","created_at":"2015-07-28T23:34:22.627-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/14479251/Hominin_palaeoecology_in_Late_Pliocene_Malawi_First_insights_from_isotopes_sup_13_sup_C_sup_18_sup_O_in_mammal_teeth?f_ri=15377","dom_id":"work_14479251","summary":"Carbon-13 and oxygen-18 abundances were measured in large mammal skeletal remains (tooth enamel, dentine and bone) from the Chiwondo Beds in Malawi, which were dated by biostratigraphic correlation to ca. 2.5 million years ago. The biologic isotopic patterns, in particular the difference in carbon-13 abundances between grazers and browsers and the difference in oxygen-18 abundances between semi-aquatic and terrestrial herbivores, were preserved in enamel, but not in dentine and bone. The isotopic results obtained from the skeletal remains from the Chiwondo Beds indicate a dominance of savannah habitats with some trees and shrubs. This environment was more arid than the contemporaneous Ndolanya Beds in Tanzania. The present study confirms that robust australopithecines were able to live in relatively arid environments and were not confined to more mesic environments elsewhere in southern Africa.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":44121894,"asset_id":14479251,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":351698,"first_name":"Herve","last_name":"Bocherens","domain_name":"uni-tuebingen","page_name":"HerveBocherens","display_name":"Herve Bocherens","profile_url":"https://uni-tuebingen.academia.edu/HerveBocherens?f_ri=15377","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/351698/319447/378704/s65_herve.bocherens.jpg"},{"id":33422904,"first_name":"Ottmar","last_name":"Kullmer","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"OttmarKullmer","display_name":"Ottmar Kullmer","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/OttmarKullmer?f_ri=15377","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":772,"name":"Human Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Evolution?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true},{"id":5303,"name":"Carbon","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carbon?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true},{"id":15377,"name":"Hominin Diet","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hominin_Diet?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true},{"id":17472,"name":"Palaeoecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Palaeoecology?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=15377"},{"id":36272,"name":"Stable Isotopes in Foodwebs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stable_Isotopes_in_Foodwebs?f_ri=15377"},{"id":58148,"name":"Paranthropus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paranthropus?f_ri=15377"},{"id":67659,"name":"Stable oxygen isotopes in bioapatite","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stable_oxygen_isotopes_in_bioapatite?f_ri=15377"},{"id":77503,"name":"Pliocene","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pliocene?f_ri=15377"},{"id":150619,"name":"Enamel","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Enamel?f_ri=15377"},{"id":156036,"name":"Homo","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Homo?f_ri=15377"},{"id":251111,"name":"South African","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_African?f_ri=15377"},{"id":380825,"name":"Oxygen","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oxygen?f_ri=15377"},{"id":726835,"name":"Oxygen and Carbon Isotopes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oxygen_and_Carbon_Isotopes?f_ri=15377"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_242854" data-work_id="242854" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/242854/Buccal_dental_microwear_in_extant_African_Hominoidea_and_dietary_habits_of_Australopithecus_afarensis">Buccal dental microwear in extant African Hominoidea and dietary habits of Australopithecus afarensis</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/242854" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="116001" href="https://barcelona.academia.edu/JordiGalbany">Jordi Galbany</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="116001" type="text/json">{"id":116001,"first_name":"Jordi","last_name":"Galbany","domain_name":"barcelona","page_name":"JordiGalbany","display_name":"Jordi Galbany","profile_url":"https://barcelona.academia.edu/JordiGalbany?f_ri=15377","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/116001/31173/20316629/s65_jordi.galbany.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_242854 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="242854"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 242854, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_242854", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=242854]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_242854").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_242854").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="242854"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15377" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hominin_Diet">Hominin Diet</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="15377" type="text/json">{"id":15377,"name":"Hominin Diet","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hominin_Diet?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="22210" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dental_microwear">Dental microwear</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="22210" type="text/json">{"id":22210,"name":"Dental microwear","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dental_microwear?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="23222" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Foraging_ecology">Foraging ecology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="23222" type="text/json">{"id":23222,"name":"Foraging ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Foraging_ecology?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="56478" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Australopithecus">Australopithecus</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="56478" type="text/json">{"id":56478,"name":"Australopithecus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Australopithecus?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=242854]'), work: {"id":242854,"title":"Buccal dental microwear in extant African Hominoidea and dietary habits of Australopithecus afarensis","created_at":"2010-06-07T17:24:22.131-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/242854/Buccal_dental_microwear_in_extant_African_Hominoidea_and_dietary_habits_of_Australopithecus_afarensis?f_ri=15377","dom_id":"work_242854","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[],"ordered_authors":[{"id":116001,"first_name":"Jordi","last_name":"Galbany","domain_name":"barcelona","page_name":"JordiGalbany","display_name":"Jordi Galbany","profile_url":"https://barcelona.academia.edu/JordiGalbany?f_ri=15377","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/116001/31173/20316629/s65_jordi.galbany.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":15377,"name":"Hominin Diet","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hominin_Diet?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true},{"id":22210,"name":"Dental microwear","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dental_microwear?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true},{"id":23222,"name":"Foraging ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Foraging_ecology?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true},{"id":56478,"name":"Australopithecus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Australopithecus?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_74317195" data-work_id="74317195" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/74317195/Archaeology_and_ichnology_at_Gombore_II_2_Melka_Kunture_Ethiopia_everyday_life_of_a_mixed_age_hominin_group_700_000_years_ago">Archaeology and ichnology at Gombore II-2, Melka Kunture, Ethiopia: everyday life of a mixed- age hominin group 700,000 years ago</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">We report the occurrence at 0.7 million years (Ma) of an ichnological assemblage at Gombore II-2, which is one of several archaeological sites at Melka Kunture in the upper Awash Valley of Ethiopia, 2000 m asl. Adults and children... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_74317195" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">We report the occurrence at 0.7 million years (Ma) of an ichnological assemblage at Gombore II-2, which is one of several archaeological sites at Melka Kunture in the upper Awash Valley of Ethiopia, 2000 m asl. Adults and children potentially as young as 12 months old left tracks in a silty substrate on the shore of a body of water where ungulates, as well as other mammals and birds, congregated. Furthermore, the same layers contain a rich archaeological and palaeontological record, confirming that knapping was taking place in situ and that stone tools were used for butchering hippo carcasses at the site. The site gives direct information on hominin landscape use at 0.7 Ma and may provide fresh perspective on the childhood of our ancestors. Ref: F. Altamura, M.R. Bennett, K. D’Août, S. Gaudzinski-Windheuser, R.T. Melis, S.C. Reynolds, M. Mussi, 2018. Archaeology and Ichnology at Gombore II-2, Melka Kunture, Ethiopia: everyday life of a mixed-age hominin group 700,000 years ago, in S...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/74317195" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8d423b7b8f1dbf15939df1c737a35619" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":82511793,"asset_id":74317195,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/82511793/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1NzU4Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="29864381" href="https://unica.academia.edu/ritateresamelis">rita teresa melis</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="29864381" type="text/json">{"id":29864381,"first_name":"rita teresa","last_name":"melis","domain_name":"unica","page_name":"ritateresamelis","display_name":"rita teresa melis","profile_url":"https://unica.academia.edu/ritateresamelis?f_ri=15377","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_74317195 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="74317195"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 74317195, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_74317195", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=74317195]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_74317195").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_74317195").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="74317195"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">20</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="379" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_Studies">African Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="379" type="text/json">{"id":379,"name":"African Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_Studies?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2588" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ichnology">Ichnology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2588" type="text/json">{"id":2588,"name":"Ichnology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ichnology?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3454" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Children_and_Families">Children and Families</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3454" type="text/json">{"id":3454,"name":"Children and Families","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Children_and_Families?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6475" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology_of_Children_and_Childhood">Anthropology of Children and Childhood</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="6475" type="text/json">{"id":6475,"name":"Anthropology of Children and Childhood","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology_of_Children_and_Childhood?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=74317195]'), work: {"id":74317195,"title":"Archaeology and ichnology at Gombore II-2, Melka Kunture, Ethiopia: everyday life of a mixed- age hominin group 700,000 years ago","created_at":"2022-03-22T09:55:52.549-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/74317195/Archaeology_and_ichnology_at_Gombore_II_2_Melka_Kunture_Ethiopia_everyday_life_of_a_mixed_age_hominin_group_700_000_years_ago?f_ri=15377","dom_id":"work_74317195","summary":"We report the occurrence at 0.7 million years (Ma) of an ichnological assemblage at Gombore II-2, which is one of several archaeological sites at Melka Kunture in the upper Awash Valley of Ethiopia, 2000 m asl. Adults and children potentially as young as 12 months old left tracks in a silty substrate on the shore of a body of water where ungulates, as well as other mammals and birds, congregated. Furthermore, the same layers contain a rich archaeological and palaeontological record, confirming that knapping was taking place in situ and that stone tools were used for butchering hippo carcasses at the site. The site gives direct information on hominin landscape use at 0.7 Ma and may provide fresh perspective on the childhood of our ancestors. Ref: F. Altamura, M.R. Bennett, K. D’Août, S. Gaudzinski-Windheuser, R.T. Melis, S.C. Reynolds, M. Mussi, 2018. Archaeology and Ichnology at Gombore II-2, Melka Kunture, Ethiopia: everyday life of a mixed-age hominin group 700,000 years ago, in S...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":82511793,"asset_id":74317195,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":29864381,"first_name":"rita teresa","last_name":"melis","domain_name":"unica","page_name":"ritateresamelis","display_name":"rita teresa melis","profile_url":"https://unica.academia.edu/ritateresamelis?f_ri=15377","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":379,"name":"African Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_Studies?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true},{"id":2588,"name":"Ichnology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ichnology?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true},{"id":3454,"name":"Children and Families","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Children_and_Families?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true},{"id":6475,"name":"Anthropology of Children and Childhood","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology_of_Children_and_Childhood?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true},{"id":15377,"name":"Hominin Diet","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hominin_Diet?f_ri=15377"},{"id":21361,"name":"Ethiopia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethiopia?f_ri=15377"},{"id":33713,"name":"Evolution and Human Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolution_and_Human_Behavior?f_ri=15377"},{"id":63625,"name":"African Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_Archaeology?f_ri=15377"},{"id":66145,"name":"Hominin evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hominin_evolution?f_ri=15377"},{"id":78656,"name":"Ethiopian archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethiopian_archaeology?f_ri=15377"},{"id":80257,"name":"Butchery","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Butchery?f_ri=15377"},{"id":84769,"name":"Ichnotaxonomy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ichnotaxonomy?f_ri=15377"},{"id":101693,"name":"Archeozoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archeozoology?f_ri=15377"},{"id":174230,"name":"Archeologia Preistorica","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archeologia_Preistorica?f_ri=15377"},{"id":198793,"name":"Hominin Fossils","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hominin_Fossils?f_ri=15377"},{"id":337587,"name":"Fossil Footprints","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fossil_Footprints?f_ri=15377"},{"id":450525,"name":"Hominin Locomotion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hominin_Locomotion?f_ri=15377"},{"id":957506,"name":"Evolution of Hominin and Human Behaviour","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolution_of_Hominin_and_Human_Behaviour?f_ri=15377"},{"id":2644887,"name":"Gombore","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gombore?f_ri=15377"},{"id":2866713,"name":"Fossil mammals footprints","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fossil_mammals_footprints?f_ri=15377"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_62645788" data-work_id="62645788" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/62645788/Mechanical_evidence_that_Australopithecus_sediba_was_limited_in_its_ability_to_eat_hard_foods">Mechanical evidence that Australopithecus sediba was limited in its ability to eat hard foods</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Australopithecus sediba has been hypothesized to be a close relative of the genus Homo. Here we show that MH1, the type specimen of A. sediba, was not optimized to produce high molar bite force and appears to have been limited in its... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_62645788" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Australopithecus sediba has been hypothesized to be a close relative of the genus Homo. Here we show that MH1, the type specimen of A. sediba, was not optimized to produce high molar bite force and appears to have been limited in its ability to consume foods that were mechanically challenging to eat. Dental microwear data have previously been interpreted as indicating that A. sediba consumed hard foods, so our findings illustrate that mechanical data are essential if one aims to reconstruct a relatively complete picture of feeding adaptations in extinct hominins. An implication of our study is that the key to understanding the origin of Homo lies in understanding how environmental changes disrupted gracile australopith niches. Resulting selection pressures led to changes in diet and dietary adaption that set the stage for the emergence of our genus.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/62645788" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ee34bdccd7964eaf0c3b929fc76ad109" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":75339103,"asset_id":62645788,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/75339103/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1NzU4Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2368908" href="https://umass.academia.edu/IanGrosse">Ian Grosse</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2368908" type="text/json">{"id":2368908,"first_name":"Ian","last_name":"Grosse","domain_name":"umass","page_name":"IanGrosse","display_name":"Ian Grosse","profile_url":"https://umass.academia.edu/IanGrosse?f_ri=15377","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2368908/746087/81087264/s65_ian.grosse.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_62645788 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="62645788"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 62645788, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_62645788", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=62645788]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_62645788").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_62645788").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="62645788"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">17</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="398" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleoanthropology">Paleoanthropology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="398" type="text/json">{"id":398,"name":"Paleoanthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleoanthropology?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="767" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology">Anthropology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="767" type="text/json">{"id":767,"name":"Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="772" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Evolution">Human Evolution</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="772" type="text/json">{"id":772,"name":"Human Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Evolution?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3132" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomechanics">Biomechanics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="3132" type="text/json">{"id":3132,"name":"Biomechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomechanics?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=62645788]'), work: {"id":62645788,"title":"Mechanical evidence that Australopithecus sediba was limited in its ability to eat hard foods","created_at":"2021-11-28T12:14:37.216-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/62645788/Mechanical_evidence_that_Australopithecus_sediba_was_limited_in_its_ability_to_eat_hard_foods?f_ri=15377","dom_id":"work_62645788","summary":"Australopithecus sediba has been hypothesized to be a close relative of the genus Homo. Here we show that MH1, the type specimen of A. sediba, was not optimized to produce high molar bite force and appears to have been limited in its ability to consume foods that were mechanically challenging to eat. Dental microwear data have previously been interpreted as indicating that A. sediba consumed hard foods, so our findings illustrate that mechanical data are essential if one aims to reconstruct a relatively complete picture of feeding adaptations in extinct hominins. An implication of our study is that the key to understanding the origin of Homo lies in understanding how environmental changes disrupted gracile australopith niches. Resulting selection pressures led to changes in diet and dietary adaption that set the stage for the emergence of our genus.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":75339103,"asset_id":62645788,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2368908,"first_name":"Ian","last_name":"Grosse","domain_name":"umass","page_name":"IanGrosse","display_name":"Ian Grosse","profile_url":"https://umass.academia.edu/IanGrosse?f_ri=15377","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2368908/746087/81087264/s65_ian.grosse.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":398,"name":"Paleoanthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleoanthropology?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true},{"id":767,"name":"Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true},{"id":772,"name":"Human Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Evolution?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true},{"id":3132,"name":"Biomechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomechanics?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true},{"id":7603,"name":"Food","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food?f_ri=15377"},{"id":9478,"name":"Diet","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diet?f_ri=15377"},{"id":15377,"name":"Hominin Diet","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hominin_Diet?f_ri=15377"},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=15377"},{"id":49281,"name":"Bite force","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bite_force?f_ri=15377"},{"id":56473,"name":"Tooth wear","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tooth_wear?f_ri=15377"},{"id":69542,"name":"Computer Simulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Simulation?f_ri=15377"},{"id":90326,"name":"Fossils","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fossils?f_ri=15377"},{"id":184676,"name":"Jaw","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jaw?f_ri=15377"},{"id":311472,"name":"Pan troglodytes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pan_troglodytes?f_ri=15377"},{"id":519447,"name":"Hominidae","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hominidae?f_ri=15377"},{"id":1267800,"name":"Nature Communications","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nature_Communications?f_ri=15377"},{"id":3197061,"name":"Molar","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molar?f_ri=15377"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_10839678" data-work_id="10839678" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/10839678/Brief_communication_Short_and_long_term_in_vivo_human_buccal_dental_microwear_turnover">Brief communication: Short- and long-term in vivo human buccal-dental microwear turnover</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Buccal-dental microwear depends on the abrasive content of chewed foodstuffs and can reveal long-term dietary trends in human populations. However, in vivo experimental analyses of buccal microwear formation processes are scarce. Here, we... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_10839678" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Buccal-dental microwear depends on the abrasive content of chewed foodstuffs and can reveal long-term dietary trends in human populations. However, in vivo experimental analyses of buccal microwear formation processes are scarce. Here, we report the effects of an abrasive diet on microwear rates in two adult volunteers at intervals of 8 days over a period of 1 month and document long-term turnover over 5 consecutive years in the same subjects under an ad libitum Mediterranean diet. Buccal microwear was analyzed on mandibular first molars using high-resolution replicas and scanning electron microscopy. Microwear turnover was assessed by recording the scratches lost and gained at each time point. Our results indicate that scratch for-Grant sponsor: Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia, Españ a (MEC); in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com).</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/10839678" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="7fabdd8dbe44b8c87fbc3cb189f58983" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":47085051,"asset_id":10839678,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47085051/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1NzU4Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="26343237" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AlejandroRomero28">Alejandro Romero</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="26343237" type="text/json">{"id":26343237,"first_name":"Alejandro","last_name":"Romero","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AlejandroRomero28","display_name":"Alejandro Romero","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AlejandroRomero28?f_ri=15377","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/26343237/7286653/8197753/s65_alejandro.romero.jpg_oh_541252a0df76d3c354366be57be1c557_oe_55930a15___gda___1435219330_9b130c8b9643b088ddb795ac21d0a79e"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_10839678 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="10839678"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 10839678, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_10839678", }); 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However, in vivo experimental analyses of buccal microwear formation processes are scarce. Here, we report the effects of an abrasive diet on microwear rates in two adult volunteers at intervals of 8 days over a period of 1 month and document long-term turnover over 5 consecutive years in the same subjects under an ad libitum Mediterranean diet. Buccal microwear was analyzed on mandibular first molars using high-resolution replicas and scanning electron microscopy. Microwear turnover was assessed by recording the scratches lost and gained at each time point. Our results indicate that scratch for-Grant sponsor: Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia, Españ a (MEC); in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com).","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":47085051,"asset_id":10839678,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":26343237,"first_name":"Alejandro","last_name":"Romero","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AlejandroRomero28","display_name":"Alejandro Romero","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AlejandroRomero28?f_ri=15377","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/26343237/7286653/8197753/s65_alejandro.romero.jpg_oh_541252a0df76d3c354366be57be1c557_oe_55930a15___gda___1435219330_9b130c8b9643b088ddb795ac21d0a79e"}],"research_interests":[{"id":155,"name":"Evolutionary Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true},{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true},{"id":767,"name":"Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true},{"id":2065,"name":"Research Methodology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Research_Methodology?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true},{"id":6470,"name":"Dental Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dental_Anthropology?f_ri=15377"},{"id":15377,"name":"Hominin Diet","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hominin_Diet?f_ri=15377"},{"id":22210,"name":"Dental microwear","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dental_microwear?f_ri=15377"},{"id":23222,"name":"Foraging ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Foraging_ecology?f_ri=15377"},{"id":42996,"name":"American Journal of Physical Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_Journal_of_Physical_Anthropology?f_ri=15377"},{"id":53201,"name":"SEM","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/SEM?f_ri=15377"},{"id":56473,"name":"Tooth wear","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tooth_wear?f_ri=15377"},{"id":58142,"name":"Dental Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dental_Ecology?f_ri=15377"},{"id":95738,"name":"Teeth","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teeth?f_ri=15377"},{"id":109951,"name":"Turnover","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Turnover?f_ri=15377"},{"id":135876,"name":"Homo Sapiens","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Homo_Sapiens?f_ri=15377"},{"id":330953,"name":"Longitudinal Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Longitudinal_Studies?f_ri=15377"},{"id":369093,"name":"Food habits","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_habits?f_ri=15377"},{"id":385863,"name":"Mouth mucosa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mouth_mucosa?f_ri=15377"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_16274988" data-work_id="16274988" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/16274988/Archaeogenomic_insights_into_the_adaptation_of_plants_to_the_human_environment_pushing_plant_hominin_co_evolution_back_to_the_Pliocene">Archaeogenomic insights into the adaptation of plants to the human environment: pushing plant–hominin co-evolution back to the Pliocene</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The colonization of the human environment by plants, and the consequent evolution of domesticated forms is increasingly being viewed as a co-evolutionary plant–human process that occurred over a long time period, with evidence for the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_16274988" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The colonization of the human environment by plants, and the consequent evolution of domesticated forms is increasingly being viewed as a co-evolutionary plant–human process that occurred over a long time period, with evidence for the co-evolutionary relationship between plants and humans reaching ever deeper into the hominin past. This developing view is characterized by a change in emphasis on the drivers of evolution in the case of plants. Rather than individual species being passive recipients of artificial selection pressures and ultimately becoming domesticates, entire plant communities adapted to the human environment. This evolutionary scenario leads to systems level genetic expectations from models that can be explored through ancient DNA and Next Generation Sequencing approaches. Emerging evidence suggests that domesticated genomes fit well with these expectations, with periods of stable complex evolution characterized by large amounts of change associated with relatively small selective value, punctuated by periods in which changes in one-half of the plant–hominin relationship cause rapid, low-complexity adaptation in the other. A corollary of a single plant–hominin co-evolutionary process is that clues about the initiation of the domestication process may well lie deep within the hominin lineage.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/16274988" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="48ae1ecc70750a8d0d01cc3cc641a6b6" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":38921770,"asset_id":16274988,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/38921770/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1NzU4Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="235115" href="https://cambridge.academia.edu/AndrewClarke">Andrew Clarke</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="235115" type="text/json">{"id":235115,"first_name":"Andrew","last_name":"Clarke","domain_name":"cambridge","page_name":"AndrewClarke","display_name":"Andrew Clarke","profile_url":"https://cambridge.academia.edu/AndrewClarke?f_ri=15377","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/235115/51703/5844931/s65_andrew.clarke.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_16274988 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="16274988"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 16274988, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_16274988", }); 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This developing view is characterized by a change in emphasis on the drivers of evolution in the case of plants. Rather than individual species being passive recipients of artificial selection pressures and ultimately becoming domesticates, entire plant communities adapted to the human environment. This evolutionary scenario leads to systems level genetic expectations from models that can be explored through ancient DNA and Next Generation Sequencing approaches. Emerging evidence suggests that domesticated genomes fit well with these expectations, with periods of stable complex evolution characterized by large amounts of change associated with relatively small selective value, punctuated by periods in which changes in one-half of the plant–hominin relationship cause rapid, low-complexity adaptation in the other. A corollary of a single plant–hominin co-evolutionary process is that clues about the initiation of the domestication process may well lie deep within the hominin lineage.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":38921770,"asset_id":16274988,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":235115,"first_name":"Andrew","last_name":"Clarke","domain_name":"cambridge","page_name":"AndrewClarke","display_name":"Andrew Clarke","profile_url":"https://cambridge.academia.edu/AndrewClarke?f_ri=15377","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/235115/51703/5844931/s65_andrew.clarke.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":155,"name":"Evolutionary Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true},{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true},{"id":772,"name":"Human Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Evolution?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true},{"id":3315,"name":"Evolutionary Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Archaeology?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true},{"id":3549,"name":"Crop genetic diversity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Crop_genetic_diversity?f_ri=15377"},{"id":4481,"name":"Evolutionary genetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_genetics?f_ri=15377"},{"id":7610,"name":"Evolutionary Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Anthropology?f_ri=15377"},{"id":10882,"name":"Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolution?f_ri=15377"},{"id":12588,"name":"Origins of Agriculture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Origins_of_Agriculture?f_ri=15377"},{"id":15377,"name":"Hominin Diet","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hominin_Diet?f_ri=15377"},{"id":16638,"name":"Local Adaptation (Evolutionary Ecology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Local_Adaptation_Evolutionary_Ecology_?f_ri=15377"},{"id":16743,"name":"Plant domestication (Prehistoric Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_domestication_Prehistoric_Archaeology_?f_ri=15377"},{"id":21815,"name":"Molecular Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_Anthropology?f_ri=15377"},{"id":21967,"name":"Ancient DNA (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_DNA_Archaeology_?f_ri=15377"},{"id":25712,"name":"Ancient DNA Research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_DNA_Research?f_ri=15377"},{"id":36538,"name":"Ancient DNA (Anthropology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_DNA_Anthropology_?f_ri=15377"},{"id":39531,"name":"Origins of Agriculture (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Origins_of_Agriculture_Archaeology_?f_ri=15377"},{"id":66145,"name":"Hominin evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hominin_evolution?f_ri=15377"},{"id":77503,"name":"Pliocene","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pliocene?f_ri=15377"},{"id":100347,"name":"Ancient DNA","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_DNA?f_ri=15377"},{"id":142522,"name":"Domestication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Domestication?f_ri=15377"},{"id":289476,"name":"Crop Modelling","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Crop_Modelling?f_ri=15377"},{"id":459924,"name":"Crop domestication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Crop_domestication?f_ri=15377"},{"id":701388,"name":"Anthropological genetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropological_genetics?f_ri=15377"},{"id":967741,"name":"Crop Biodiversity and Domestication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Crop_Biodiversity_and_Domestication?f_ri=15377"},{"id":1012908,"name":"Ancient DNA of Human Populations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_DNA_of_Human_Populations?f_ri=15377"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_1232172" data-work_id="1232172" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/1232172/Short_and_long_term_in_vivo_human_buccal_dental_microwear_turnover">Short and long-term in vivo human buccal-dental microwear turnover.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">"Buccal–dental microwear depends on the abrasive content of chewed foodstuffs and can reveal long-term dietary trends in human populations. However, in vivo experimental analyses of buccal microwear formation processes are scarce. Here,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_1232172" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">"Buccal–dental microwear depends on the abrasive content of chewed foodstuffs and can reveal long-term dietary trends in human populations. However, in vivo experimental analyses of buccal microwear formation processes are scarce. Here, we report the effects of an abrasive diet on microwear rates in two adult volunteers at intervals of 8 days over a period of 1 month and document long-term turnover over 5 consecutive years in the same subjects under an ad libitum Mediterranean diet. Buccal microwear was analyzed on mandibular first molars using high-resolution replicas and scanning electron microscopy. Microwear turnover was assessed by recording the scratches lost and gained at each time point. Our results indicate that scratch formation on enamel surfaces increased with a highly abrasive diet compared to both pre-test and post-test ad libitum dietary controls. In the long-term analysis, scratch turnover was higher than expected, but no significant long-term trends in microwear density or length were observed, because microwear formation was compensated by scratch disappearance. Our results confirm that buccal microwear patterns on mandibular molars show a dynamic formation process directly related to the chewing of abrasive particles along with ingested food. In addition, the observed long-term stability of buccal microwear patterns makes them a reliable indicator of overall dietary habits. <br /> <br />KEY WORDS: teeth, buccal surface, SEM, dental microwear, turnover."</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/1232172" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="116001" href="https://barcelona.academia.edu/JordiGalbany">Jordi Galbany</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="116001" type="text/json">{"id":116001,"first_name":"Jordi","last_name":"Galbany","domain_name":"barcelona","page_name":"JordiGalbany","display_name":"Jordi Galbany","profile_url":"https://barcelona.academia.edu/JordiGalbany?f_ri=15377","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/116001/31173/20316629/s65_jordi.galbany.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_1232172 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="1232172"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 1232172, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_1232172", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1232172]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_1232172").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_1232172").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="1232172"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2065" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Research_Methodology">Research Methodology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2065" type="text/json">{"id":2065,"name":"Research Methodology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Research_Methodology?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6470" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dental_Anthropology">Dental Anthropology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6470" type="text/json">{"id":6470,"name":"Dental Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dental_Anthropology?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15377" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hominin_Diet">Hominin Diet</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="15377" type="text/json">{"id":15377,"name":"Hominin Diet","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hominin_Diet?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="22210" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dental_microwear">Dental microwear</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="22210" type="text/json">{"id":22210,"name":"Dental microwear","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dental_microwear?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=1232172]'), work: {"id":1232172,"title":"Short and long-term in vivo human buccal-dental microwear turnover.","created_at":"2012-02-21T23:02:20.462-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/1232172/Short_and_long_term_in_vivo_human_buccal_dental_microwear_turnover?f_ri=15377","dom_id":"work_1232172","summary":"\"Buccal–dental microwear depends on the abrasive content of chewed foodstuffs and can reveal long-term dietary trends in human populations. However, in vivo experimental analyses of buccal microwear formation processes are scarce. Here, we report the effects of an abrasive diet on microwear rates in two adult volunteers at intervals of 8 days over a period of 1 month and document long-term turnover over 5 consecutive years in the same subjects under an ad libitum Mediterranean diet. Buccal microwear was analyzed on mandibular first molars using high-resolution replicas and scanning electron microscopy. Microwear turnover was assessed by recording the scratches lost and gained at each time point. Our results indicate that scratch formation on enamel surfaces increased with a highly abrasive diet compared to both pre-test and post-test ad libitum dietary controls. In the long-term analysis, scratch turnover was higher than expected, but no significant long-term trends in microwear density or length were observed, because microwear formation was compensated by scratch disappearance. Our results confirm that buccal microwear patterns on mandibular molars show a dynamic formation process directly related to the chewing of abrasive particles along with ingested food. In addition, the observed long-term stability of buccal microwear patterns makes them a reliable indicator of overall dietary habits.\r\n\r\nKEY WORDS: teeth, buccal surface, SEM, dental microwear, turnover.\"","downloadable_attachments":[],"ordered_authors":[{"id":116001,"first_name":"Jordi","last_name":"Galbany","domain_name":"barcelona","page_name":"JordiGalbany","display_name":"Jordi Galbany","profile_url":"https://barcelona.academia.edu/JordiGalbany?f_ri=15377","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/116001/31173/20316629/s65_jordi.galbany.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2065,"name":"Research Methodology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Research_Methodology?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true},{"id":6470,"name":"Dental Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dental_Anthropology?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true},{"id":15377,"name":"Hominin Diet","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hominin_Diet?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true},{"id":22210,"name":"Dental microwear","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dental_microwear?f_ri=15377","nofollow":true},{"id":23222,"name":"Foraging ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Foraging_ecology?f_ri=15377"},{"id":58142,"name":"Dental Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dental_Ecology?f_ri=15377"},{"id":135876,"name":"Homo Sapiens","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Homo_Sapiens?f_ri=15377"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="u-taCenter Pagination"><ul class="pagination"></ul></div></div><div class="hidden-xs hidden-sm"><div class="u-pl6x"><div style="width: 300px;"><div class="panel panel-flat u-mt7x"><div class="panel-heading u-p5x"><div class="u-tcGrayDark u-taCenter u-fw700 u-textUppercase">Related Topics</div></div><ul class="list-group"><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" rel="nofollow" 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