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href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_af.wikipedia.org&uselang=af" class=""><span>Skenkings</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:SkepRekening&returnto=Nihilisme" title="U word aangemoedig om 'n gebruiker te skep en aan te meld, hoewel dit nie verpligtend is nie." class=""><span>Skep gebruiker</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:Teken_in&returnto=Nihilisme" title="U word aangemoedig om aan te meld. Dit is egter nie verpligtend nie. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Meld aan</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Meer opsies" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Persoonlike gereedskap" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Persoonlike gereedskap</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_af.wikipedia.org&uselang=af"><span>Skenkings</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:SkepRekening&returnto=Nihilisme" title="U word aangemoedig om 'n gebruiker te skep en aan te meld, hoewel dit nie verpligtend is nie."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Skep gebruiker</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:Teken_in&returnto=Nihilisme" title="U word aangemoedig om aan te meld. Dit is egter nie verpligtend nie. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Meld aan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Bladsye vir uitgemelde redakteurs <a href="/wiki/Hulp:Inleiding" aria-label="Leer meer oor redigering"><span>leer meer</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Mybydrae" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bydraes</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Mybespreking" title="Bespreking oor bydraes van hierdie IP-adres [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Bespreking</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Werf"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Inhoud" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Inhoud</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">skuif na kantbalk</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">versteek</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inleiding</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Geskiedenis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geskiedenis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Geskiedenis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geskiedenis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nietzsche" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nietzsche"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Nietzsche</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nietzsche-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Verwysings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Verwysings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Verwysings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Verwysings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Wissel die inhoudsopgawe" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Wissel die inhoudsopgawe</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Nihilisme</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gaan na 'n artikel in 'n ander taal. Beskikbaar in 89 tale" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-89" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">89 tale</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%AF%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="عدمية – Arabies" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="عدمية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%AF%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%87" title="عدميه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="عدميه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nihilismu" title="Nihilismu – Asturies" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Nihilismu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nihilizm" title="Nihilizm – Azerbeidjans" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Nihilizm" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbeidjans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%87%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%85" title="نیهیلیسم – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="نیهیلیسم" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Нигилизм – Baskir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Нигилизм" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Baskir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%96%D0%B3%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Нігілізм – Belarussies" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Нігілізм" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%96%D0%B3%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Нігілізм – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Нігілізм" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%8A%D0%BC" title="Нихилизъм – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Нихилизъм" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nihilisme" title="Nihilisme – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Nihilisme" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6" title="ধ্বংসবাদ – Bengaals" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ধ্বংসবাদ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nihilizam" title="Nihilizam – Bosnies" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Nihilizam" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nihilisme" title="Nihilisme – Katalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Nihilisme" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%BE%DB%8C%DA%86%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%8C" title="ھیچخوازی – Sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ھیچخوازی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nihilismus" title="Nihilismus – Tsjeggies" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Nihilismus" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjeggies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nihiliaeth" title="Nihiliaeth – Wallies" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Nihiliaeth" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Wallies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nihilisme" title="Nihilisme – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Nihilisme" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nihilismus" title="Nihilismus – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Nihilismus" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nihilizm" title="Nihilizm – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Nihilizm" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nihilisme" title="Nihilisme – Central Dusun" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Nihilisme" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="Central Dusun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kadazandusun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B7%CE%B4%CE%B5%CE%BD%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%82" title="Μηδενισμός – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μηδενισμός" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nihilism" title="Nihilism – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Nihilism" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nihilismo" title="Nihilismo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Nihilismo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nihilismo" title="Nihilismo – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Nihilismo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nihilism" title="Nihilism – Estnies" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Nihilism" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estnies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nihilismo" title="Nihilismo – Baskies" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Nihilismo" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%DB%8C%DA%86%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="هیچ‌انگاری – Persies" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="هیچ‌انگاری" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nihilismi" title="Nihilismi – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Nihilismi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nihilisme" title="Nihilisme – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Nihilisme" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nihil%C3%AD" title="Nihilí – Iers" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Nihilí" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Iers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%99%9B%E7%84%A1%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="虛無主義 – Gan-Sjinees" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="虛無主義" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan-Sjinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nihilismo" title="Nihilismo – Galisies" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Nihilismo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nihilism" title="Nihilism – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Nihilism" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%94%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%96%D7%9D" title="ניהיליזם – Hebreeus" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ניהיליזם" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6" title="नास्तिवाद – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="नास्तिवाद" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nihilizam" title="Nihilizam – Kroaties" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Nihilizam" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroaties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nihilizmus" title="Nihilizmus – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Nihilizmus" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%86%D5%AB%D5%B0%D5%AB%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%A6%D5%B4" title="Նիհիլիզմ – Armeens" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Նիհիլիզմ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%86%D5%AB%D5%B0%D5%AB%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%A6%D5%B4" title="Նիհիլիզմ – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Նիհիլիզմ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nihilisme" title="Nihilisme – Indonesies" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Nihilisme" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%B3mhyggja" title="Tómhyggja – Yslands" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Tómhyggja" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Yslands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nichilismo" title="Nichilismo – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Nichilismo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8B%E3%83%92%E3%83%AA%E3%82%BA%E3%83%A0" title="ニヒリズム – Japannees" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ニヒリズム" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japannees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niyilizim" title="Niyilizim – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Niyilizim" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%B0%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="ნიჰილიზმი – Georgies" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ნიჰილიზმი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Нигилизм – Kazaks" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Нигилизм" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%A3%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A6" title="ನಿರಾಕರಣವಾದ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ನಿರಾಕರಣವಾದ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%97%88%EB%AC%B4%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="허무주의 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="허무주의" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%AE%C3%A7perest%C3%AE" title="Hîçperestî – Koerdies" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Hîçperestî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Koerdies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Нигилизм – Kirgisies" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Нигилизм" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgisies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nihilismus" title="Nihilismus – Latyn" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Nihilismus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nihilizmas" title="Nihilizmas – Litaus" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Nihilizmas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litaus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nihilisms" title="Nihilisms – Letties" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Nihilisms" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Letties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Нихилизам – Masedonies" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Нихилизам" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Masedonies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%82" title="നിഹിലിസം – Malabaars" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="നിഹിലിസം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malabaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nihilisme" title="Nihilisme – Maleis" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Nihilisme" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nihilisme_(filosofie)" title="Nihilisme (filosofie) – Nedersaksies" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Nihilisme (filosofie)" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Nedersaksies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6" title="शुन्यवाद – Nepalees" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="शुन्यवाद" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepalees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nihilisme_(filosofie)" title="Nihilisme (filosofie) – Nederlands" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Nihilisme (filosofie)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Nederlands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nihilisme" title="Nihilisme – Nuwe Noors" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Nihilisme" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nuwe Noors" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nihilisme" title="Nihilisme – Boeknoors" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Nihilisme" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Boeknoors" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niilisme" title="Niilisme – Oksitaans" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Niilisme" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Oksitaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A6" title="ਨਹਿਲਵਾਦ – Pandjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਨਹਿਲਵਾਦ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Pandjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nihilizm" title="Nihilizm – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Nihilizm" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%87%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B2%D9%85" title="نیهیلیزم – Pasjtoe" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="نیهیلیزم" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pasjtoe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niilismo" title="Niilismo – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Niilismo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nihilism" title="Nihilism – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Nihilism" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Нигилизм – Russies" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Нигилизм" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%96%D0%B3%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Нігілізм – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Нігілізм" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nihilism" title="Nihilism – Skots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Nihilism" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Skots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%DA%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AA" title="ناڪاريت – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ناڪاريت" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nihilizam" title="Nihilizam – Serwo-Kroaties" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Nihilizam" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serwo-Kroaties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nihilism" title="Nihilism – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Nihilism" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nihilizmus" title="Nihilizmus – Slowaaks" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Nihilizmus" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nihilizmi" title="Nihilizmi – Albanees" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Nihilizmi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Нихилизам – Serwies" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Нихилизам" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serwies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nihilism" title="Nihilism – Sweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Nihilism" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Sweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%88_%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="இல்லாமை தத்துவம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இல்லாமை தத்துவம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A1" title="สุญนิยม – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สุญนิยม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nihilismo" title="Nihilismo – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Nihilismo" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nihilizm" title="Nihilizm – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Nihilizm" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%96%D0%B3%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Нігілізм – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Нігілізм" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%AF%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%AA" title="عدمیت – Oerdoe" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="عدمیت" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Oerdoe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigilizm" title="Nigilizm – Oezbeeks" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Nigilizm" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Oezbeeks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thuy%E1%BA%BFt_h%C6%B0_v%C3%B4" title="Thuyết hư vô – Viëtnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thuyết hư vô" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Viëtnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%99%9A%E6%97%A0%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="虚无主义 – Wu-Sjinees" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="虚无主义" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu-Sjinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%B0%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="ნიჰილიზმი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ნიჰილიზმი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%99%9A%E6%97%A0%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="虚无主义 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="虚无主义" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%99%9B%E7%84%A1%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="虛無主義 – Kantonees" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="虛無主義" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q80968#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Wysig skakels tussen tale" class="wbc-editpage">Wysig skakels</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Naamruimtes"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Nihilisme" title="Bekyk die inhoudbladsy [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Bladsy</span></a></li><li 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te dui. Die woord kom van die <a href="/wiki/Latyn" title="Latyn">Latynse</a> "<i>nihil</i>" wat letterlik "niks" beteken. Die term is sterk verbind met die filosoof <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Nietzsche" title="Friedrich Nietzsche">Friedrich Nietzsche</a>, wat in sy werk op die nihilisme gefokus het. Nihilisme kan ook <a href="/wiki/Epistemologie" class="mw-redirect" title="Epistemologie">epistemologiese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ontologie" title="Ontologie">ontologiese</a> of <a href="/wiki/Metafisika" title="Metafisika">metafisiese</a> vorms inneem, wat onderskeidelik beteken dat <a href="/wiki/Kennis" title="Kennis">kennis</a> in sommige opsigte nie moontlik is nie, of in die werklikheid nie bestaan nie. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geskiedenis">Geskiedenis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nihilisme&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Wysig afdeling: Geskiedenis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nihilisme&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Geskiedenis"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Die term bestaan sedert die <a href="/wiki/Franse_Rewolusie" title="Franse Rewolusie">Franse Rewolusie</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In die filosofie word nihilisme gepopulariseerd deur Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi in <a href="/wiki/1799" title="1799">1799</a>, in 'n kritiek op <a href="/wiki/Johann_Gottlieb_Fichte" title="Johann Gottlieb Fichte">Johann Gottlieb Fichte</a>. Die term word in hierdie tyd gebruik om afkeer of die afbreek van die ‘hoogste waardes’ te beskryf.<sup id="cite_ref-J._Goudsblom,_2003,_p._6_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-J._Goudsblom,_2003,_p._6-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Die term word negatief gebruik, selfs as 'n skelwoord. In die eerste helfte van die <a href="/wiki/19de_eeu" title="19de eeu">19de eeu</a> word die term in verskeie lande gebruik deur diegene wat vrees vir die slegte invloed van 'n afwysing van die geloof en die aanvaarde kulturele waardes. Hierdie skrywers vrees 'n beweging "wat niks heel laat van wat vir hulle die hoogste waarde verteenwoordig."<sup id="cite_ref-J._Goudsblom,_2003,_bl._6_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-J._Goudsblom,_2003,_bl._6-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Met Toergenjev se <i>Vaders en Seuns</i> word in <a href="/wiki/Rusland" title="Rusland">Rusland</a> in die jare 60 van die 19e eeu die term nihilisme vir die eerste keer gebruik in positiewe sin. In dié boek gee die hoofkarakter Bazarov die volgende definisie: </p><p>"'n Nihilis, is iemand wie nie buig vir gesag nie, iemand wat geen beginsel sommer op goeie geloof aanneem nie, hoe goed en eerbiedwaardig dit ook mag wees..."<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Die nihilistiese beweging wat in Rusland opkom in die jare 1860–1870 het geen vasomlynde programme nie en word gekenmerk deur hul afkeur teen die aanvaarde oortuigings. Die term word deur radikale groeperinge gebruik.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dus word dit ook toenemend gebruik om ektremiste van elke vorm te beskryf, en word daarmee weer 'n skelwoord.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nietzsche">Nietzsche</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nihilisme&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Wysig afdeling: Nietzsche" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nihilisme&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Nietzsche"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In die denke van Friedrich Nietzsche het die begrip nihilisme 'n sterk filosofiese begrip geword. 'n Enkele definisie is moeilik om te gee, omdat hy die term in verskillende vorme voorstel. Gemeenskaplik in die definisies is 'n besef van sinneloosheid. 'n Bekende omskrywing van Nietzsche: „<i>Was bedeutet Nihilismus? - Dass die obersten Werte sich entwerten. Es fehlt das Ziel. Es fehlt die Antwort auf das ‘Wozu?</i>’ (" Wat beteken nihilisme? - Dat dit die hoogste waardes devalueer. Die doel ontbreek. Die antwoord op die 'waarna' ontbreek?) </p><p>Nietzsche omskryf homself as 'n nihilis, maar wel vanuit sy eie invalshoek. Dit word tans grotendeels gedebatteer. Sy positiewe opvattings oor die bestaan van waarheid en sy erkenning van die (menslike) natuur en geaardheid onderskei hom van die hoofstroming in die nihilisme.<sup id="cite_ref-Michels_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Michels-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sy verwerping van die bestaan van 'n volmaakte bron van absolute, universele en transendentale waardes het hy gemeen met die nihilisme, maar anders as ander nihiliste was hy geen nihilist in hart en siel nie en het hy die nihilisme nooit verdedig nie en toon hy homself dat hy selfs heel krities daaroor is.<sup id="cite_ref-Cline_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cline-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sy gekompliseerde verhouding met die nihilisme blyk onder meer uit sy bewering dat "waarhede illusies (is), waarvan ons vergeet dat hulle bestaan", en sy stelling dat die <a href="/wiki/Christendom" title="Christendom">Christendom</a> die uiterste vorm van nihilisme sou wees. </p><p>Volgens Nietzsche word die nihilisme gekenmerk deur: </p> <ul><li>Ongeldigheid van <a href="/wiki/Moraliteit" title="Moraliteit">moraliteit</a>, in die sin dat morele waardes geen absolute geldigheid het nie; moraliteit is subjektief.</li> <li>Ongeldigheid van die waarheid: objektiewe ewige waarhede is nie kenbaar nie; waarheid is subjektief.</li> <li>Daar is geen god: 'n ewige mag bestaan nie; die mens staan alleen.</li> <li>Ewige herhaling: die geskiedenis het geen doel nie.</li></ul> <p>Om hierdie redes word Nietzsche ook wel gesien as 'n <a href="/wiki/Eksistensialisme" title="Eksistensialisme"> eksistensialis</a>. Die weg uit die nihilisme sien Nietzsche in die moontlikheid van mense om <i>Übermenschen</i> te word, wat nie geleë is in bestaande konvensies nie maar hul eie waardes skep, wat kan lei tot 'n <i>Umwertung aller Werte</i> (Herwaardasie van alle waardes). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Verwysings">Verwysings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nihilisme&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Wysig afdeling: Verwysings" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nihilisme&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Verwysings"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">J. Goudsblom, <i>Nihilisme en Cultuur</i>, Meulenhoff 2003, bl. 3. <span class="ISBN" style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/90-461-3015-0" title="Spesiaal:Boekbronne/90-461-3015-0">ISBN 90-461-3015-0</a></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-J._Goudsblom,_2003,_p._6-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-J._Goudsblom,_2003,_p._6_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">J. Goudsblom, <i>Nihilisme en Cultuur</i>, Meulenhoff 2003, bl. 6.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-J._Goudsblom,_2003,_bl._6-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-J._Goudsblom,_2003,_bl._6_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">J. Goudsblom, <i>Nihilisme en Cultuur</i>, Meulenhoff 2003, bl. 6.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">I. Toergenjew, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=yyUVAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q=a%20nihilist%20is%20&f=false">"Vaders en Zonen"</a>, L.J. Veen’s uitgeversmij. N.V. Amsterdam, bl. 43.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">S.Tompkins, The Russian Intelligentsia, Norman, 1957, bl. 52.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">J. Goudsblom, <i>Nihilisme en Cultuur</i>, Meulenhoff 2003, bl. 9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Michels-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Michels_7-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dogma.lu/txt/SM-Nietzsche.htm">Steven Michels - <i>Nietzsche, Nihilism, and the Virtue of Nature, Dogma</i>, 2004</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cline-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Cline_8-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://atheism.about.com/od/nihilismnihilists/a/nietzsche.htm">Cline, Austin.: "Nihilism, Nihilists, and Nihilistic Philosophy," at About.com (2007)</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Lys_van_politieke_ideologieë" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" 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