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Available in 18 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-18" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">18 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baixo_alem%C3%A1n_oriental" title="Baixo alemán oriental – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Baixo alemán oriental" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ostniederdeutsch" title="Ostniederdeutsch – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ostniederdeutsch" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bajo_alem%C3%A1n_oriental" title="Bajo alemán oriental – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Bajo alemán oriental" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orienta_platgermana_lingvo" title="Orienta platgermana lingvo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Orienta platgermana lingvo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%B3%D9%81%D9%84%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%82%DB%8C" title="آلمانی سفلای شرقی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آلمانی سفلای شرقی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bas_allemand_oriental" title="Bas allemand oriental – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Bas allemand oriental" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8F%99%EB%B6%80_%EC%A0%80%EC%A7%80_%EB%8F%85%EC%9D%BC%EC%96%B4" title="동부 저지 독일어 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="동부 저지 독일어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Jerman_Rendah_Timur" title="Bahasa Jerman Rendah Timur – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bahasa Jerman Rendah Timur" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialetti_basso-tedeschi_orientali" title="Dialetti basso-tedeschi orientali – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Dialetti basso-tedeschi orientali" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oosnederduits" title="Oosnederduits – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Oosnederduits" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oost-Nederduits" title="Oost-Nederduits – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Oost-Nederduits" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oost_Leegduuts" title="Oost Leegduuts – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Oost Leegduuts" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oostnedderd%C3%BC%C3%BCtsch" title="Oostnedderdüütsch – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Oostnedderdüütsch" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialekty_wschodniodolnoniemieckie" title="Dialekty wschodniodolnoniemieckie – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Dialekty wschodniodolnoniemieckie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%8B" title="Восточнонижненемецкие диалекты – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Восточнонижненемецкие диалекты" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saksonishtja_lindore_e_ul%C3%ABt" title="Saksonishtja lindore e ulët – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Saksonishtja lindore e ulët" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Low_German" title="East Low German – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="East Low German" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Dialect group</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the West Slavic language also called Pomeranian, see <a href="/wiki/Pomeranian_language" title="Pomeranian language">Pomeranian language</a>.</div> <style 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.ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" 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Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22East+Low+German%22">"East Low German"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22East+Low+German%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22East+Low+German%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22East+Low+German%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22East+Low+German%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22East+Low+German%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2019</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above above" style="font-size:125%; color: black; background-color: #c9ffd9;">East Low German</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Native to</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>, <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><span class="wrap"><a href="/wiki/Language_family" title="Language family">Language family</a></span></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Indo-European_languages" title="Indo-European languages">Indo-European</a> <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1.35em;padding-left:0"><li> <a href="/wiki/Germanic_languages" title="Germanic languages">Germanic</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/West_Germanic_languages" title="West Germanic languages">West Germanic</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/North_Sea_Germanic" title="North Sea Germanic">North Sea Germanic</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Low_German" title="Low German">Low German</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><b>East Low German</b></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: black; background-color: #c9ffd9;">Language codes</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-2" title="ISO 639-2">ISO 639-2</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/langcodes_name.php?code_ID=321">nds</a></span></code> for <a href="/wiki/Low_German" title="Low German">Low German</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-3" title="ISO 639-3">ISO 639-3</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/nds" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:nds">nds</a></code> for <a href="/wiki/Low_German" title="Low German">Low German</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Glottolog" title="Glottolog">Glottolog</a></i></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/nort2627">nort2627</a></code></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Ls-dialects.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Ls-dialects.jpg/320px-Ls-dialects.jpg" decoding="async" width="320" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Ls-dialects.jpg/480px-Ls-dialects.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/95/Ls-dialects.jpg 2x" data-file-width="576" data-file-height="281" /></a></span><div style="text-align:left;">Low German dialects. East Low German includes the four dialects in the east [Note: The map confuses East Pomeranian (cp. <a href="/wiki/Farther_Pomerania" title="Farther Pomerania">Farther Pomerania</a>), West Prussian (cp. <a href="/wiki/West_Prussia" title="West Prussia">West Prussia</a>) and East Prussian (cp. <a href="/wiki/East_Prussia" title="East Prussia">East Prussia</a>).]</div></td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236303919">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}</style> <p><b>East Low German</b> (<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: <i lang="de">ostniederdeutsche Dialekte, ostniederdeutsche Mundarten, Ostniederdeutsch</i>) is a group of <a href="/wiki/Low_German" title="Low German">Low German</a> dialects spoken in north-eastern <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> as well as by minorities in northern <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a>. Together with <a href="/wiki/West_Low_German" class="mw-redirect" title="West Low German">West Low German</a> dialects, it forms a dialect continuum of the <a href="/wiki/Low_German" title="Low German">Low German</a> language. <a href="/wiki/Flight_and_expulsion_of_Germans_(1944%E2%80%9350)" class="mw-redirect" title="Flight and expulsion of Germans (1944–50)">Before 1945</a>, the dialect was spoken along the entire then-German-settled <a href="/wiki/Baltic_Sea" title="Baltic Sea">Baltic Coast</a> from <a href="/wiki/Mecklenburg" title="Mecklenburg">Mecklenburg</a>, through <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Pomerania_(1815%E2%80%931945)" title="Province of Pomerania (1815–1945)">Pomerania</a>, <a href="/wiki/West_Prussia" title="West Prussia">West Prussia</a> into certain villages of the <a href="/wiki/East_Prussia" title="East Prussia">East Prussian</a> <a href="/wiki/Klaip%C4%97da_Region" title="Klaipėda Region">Klaipėda Region</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-BarbourBarbour1990_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BarbourBarbour1990-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Russ2013_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Russ2013-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>East Pomeranian, Central Pomeranian and West Pomeranian should not be confused with the <a href="/wiki/West_Slavic_languages" title="West Slavic languages">West Slavic</a> <a href="/wiki/Pomeranian_language" title="Pomeranian language">Pomeranian language</a> (<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: <i lang="de">Pomoranisch</i>). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Related_languages">Related languages</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=East_Low_German&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Related languages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>East Low German belongs to the <a href="/wiki/Dialect_continuum" title="Dialect continuum">dialect continuum</a> of the <a href="/wiki/West_Germanic_languages" title="West Germanic languages">West Germanic languages</a>. It developed from the older <a href="/wiki/Middle_Low_German" title="Middle Low German">Middle Low German</a>. </p><p>In the West it fades into <a href="/wiki/Low_Saxon" title="Low Saxon">West Low German</a>. The distinction is usually made referring to the plural endings of the verbs: East Low German endings are based on the old first person ending: -e(n), whereas West Low German endings are based on the old second person ending: -(e)t. The categorization of the Low German dialects into an Eastern and a Western group is not made by all linguists. </p><p>In the South, it fades into <a href="/wiki/East_Central_German" title="East Central German">East Central German</a>. The difference is that the East Low German varieties have not been affected by the <a href="/wiki/High_German_consonant_shift" title="High German consonant shift">High German consonant shift</a>. The areas affected by the High German consonant shift are still expanding today, especially the <a href="/wiki/Berlinerisch_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Berlinerisch dialect">Berlinerisch dialect</a> that is gaining ground on the <a href="/wiki/Brandenburgisch_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Brandenburgisch dialect">Brandenburgisch dialect</a> by which it is surrounded. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dialects">Dialects</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=East_Low_German&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Dialects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>East Low German dialects are:<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mecklenburgisch-Vorpommersch" class="mw-redirect" title="Mecklenburgisch-Vorpommersch">Mecklenburgisch-Vorpommersch</a> (in <a href="/wiki/Mecklenburg-Vorpommern" title="Mecklenburg-Vorpommern">Mecklenburg-Vorpommern</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brandenburgisch" class="mw-redirect" title="Brandenburgisch">Brandenburgisch</a> or Märkisch-Brandenburgisch (<i>Brandenburgish</i>; in <a href="/wiki/Brandenburg" title="Brandenburg">Brandenburg</a>, northern <a href="/wiki/Saxony-Anhalt" title="Saxony-Anhalt">Saxony-Anhalt</a>)</li> <li>Middle Pomeranian (<span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Mittelpommersch</i></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Pomeranian" class="mw-redirect" title="East Pomeranian">East Pomeranian</a> (in <a href="/wiki/Farther_Pomerania" title="Farther Pomerania">Farther Pomerania</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low_Prussian" class="mw-redirect" title="Low Prussian">Low Prussian</a> (in <a href="/wiki/West_Prussia" title="West Prussia">West Prussia</a> and <a href="/wiki/East_Prussia" title="East Prussia">East Prussia</a>)</li></ul> <p>Instead of <i>Mecklenburgisch-Vorpommersch</i> also <i>Mecklenburgisch</i> and <i>Vorpommersch</i> are used.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For some it also includes <a href="/wiki/Plautdietsch" title="Plautdietsch">Plautdietsch</a> (originating from <a href="/wiki/Gda%C5%84sk" title="Gdańsk">Danzig</a>),<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> which is spoken by <a href="/wiki/Mennonite" class="mw-redirect" title="Mennonite">Mennonites</a> in <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a> and a few other places in the world. In <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a> a version of Brandenburgisch was spoken in medieval times until the city took up an <a href="/wiki/East_Central_German" title="East Central German">East Central German</a> dialect that incorporated Brandenburgisch elements and developed into today's <a href="/wiki/Berlinerisch" class="mw-redirect" title="Berlinerisch">Berlin[er]isch</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pomeranoespiritosanto.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Pomeranoespiritosanto.svg/250px-Pomeranoespiritosanto.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="364" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Pomeranoespiritosanto.svg/375px-Pomeranoespiritosanto.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Pomeranoespiritosanto.svg/500px-Pomeranoespiritosanto.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="677" data-file-height="986" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Municipality" title="Municipality">Municipalities</a> where East Pomeranian dialects are co-official in <a href="/wiki/Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo" title="Espírito Santo">Espírito Santo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The German dialects of Pomerania are compiled and described in the <i>Pommersches Wörterbuch</i> ("Pomeranian Dictionary"), a <a href="/wiki/Dictionary" title="Dictionary">dictionary</a> of the German dialects spoken within the <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Pomerania_(1815%E2%80%931945)" title="Province of Pomerania (1815–1945)">Province of Pomerania</a>'s borders in 1936. </p><p>East Pomeranian dialect of East Low German is also spoken in <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a> (see <a href="/wiki/Pomerode" title="Pomerode">Pomerode</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Santa_Catarina_(state)" title="Santa Catarina (state)">Santa Catarina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria_de_Jetiba,_ES,_Brazil" class="mw-redirect" title="Santa Maria de Jetiba, ES, Brazil">Santa Maria de Jetibá</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo" title="Espírito Santo">Espírito Santo</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Arroio_do_Padre" title="Arroio do Padre">Arroio do Padre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Morro_Redondo" title="Morro Redondo">Morro Redondo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turu%C3%A7u" title="Turuçu">Turuçu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cangu%C3%A7u" title="Canguçu">Canguçu</a>, <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Louren%C3%A7o_do_Sul" title="São Lourenço do Sul">São Lourenço do Sul</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pelotas" title="Pelotas">Pelotas</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Rio Grande do Sul">Rio Grande do Sul</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=East_Low_German&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Pomerania_during_the_Early_Middle_Ages" class="mw-redirect" title="Pomerania during the Early Middle Ages">By the early Middle Ages, Pomerania</a> was <a href="/wiki/Historical_Demography_of_Pomerania" class="mw-redirect" title="Historical Demography of Pomerania">largely populated</a> by <a href="/wiki/Slavic_Pomeranians" class="mw-redirect" title="Slavic Pomeranians">Slavic Pomeranians</a> and <a href="/wiki/Liuticians" class="mw-redirect" title="Liuticians">Liuticians</a>, who spoke the <a href="/wiki/Pomeranian_language" title="Pomeranian language">Pomeranian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Polabian_language" title="Polabian language">Polabian</a> languages. <a href="/wiki/Pomerania_during_the_High_Middle_Ages" class="mw-redirect" title="Pomerania during the High Middle Ages">During the High Middle Ages</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germans" title="Germans">Germans</a> from northern parts of the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a> settled in Pomerania as part of the medieval <a href="/wiki/Ostsiedlung" title="Ostsiedlung">Ostsiedlung</a>. Most Slavic Pomeranians gradually became <a href="/wiki/Germanization" class="mw-redirect" title="Germanization">Germanized</a>. The new Pomeranian dialects which emerged from the admixture of the Low German dialects of the settlers are classified as East Low German.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, Germans east of the <a href="/wiki/Oder-Neisse_line" class="mw-redirect" title="Oder-Neisse line">Oder-Neisse line</a> were <a href="/wiki/Flight_and_expulsion_of_Germans_from_Poland_during_and_after_World_War_II" title="Flight and expulsion of Germans from Poland during and after World War II">expelled to post-war Germany</a>. Most varieties of East Pomeranian dialect have largely died out in the following decades as the expellees were assimilated into their new homes, although West Pomeranian and Central Pomeranian are still spoken in <a href="/wiki/Vorpommern" class="mw-redirect" title="Vorpommern">Vorpommern</a> (Western or Hither Pomerania), part of the <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">German</a> state of <a href="/wiki/Mecklenburg-Vorpommern" title="Mecklenburg-Vorpommern">Mecklenburg-Vorpommern</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Russ2013_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Russ2013-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As a result of German immigration to <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>, there are still some communities speaking East Pomeranian in <a href="/wiki/Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Rio Grande do Sul">Rio Grande do Sul</a>, <a href="/wiki/Santa_Catarina_(state)" title="Santa Catarina (state)">Santa Catarina</a> and <a href="/wiki/Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo" title="Espírito Santo">Espírito Santo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Writers">Writers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=East_Low_German&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Writers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Fritz_Reuter" title="Fritz Reuter">Fritz Reuter</a> and <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Bandlow" title="Heinrich Bandlow">Heinrich Bandlow</a> are among the most famous East Low German writers. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=East_Low_German&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/40px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="37" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/60px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/80px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="103" data-file-height="94" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><i><b><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="nds:"> Low German edition</a></b></i> of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a>, the free encyclopedia</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prussia" title="Prussia">Prussia</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=East_Low_German&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-BarbourBarbour1990-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BarbourBarbour1990_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBarbourStevenson1990" class="citation book cs1">Barbour, Stephen; Stevenson, Patrick (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BFr2IjGftNMC&pg=PA86"><i>Variation in German: A Critical Approach to German Sociolinguistics</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. pp. 86–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-35704-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-35704-3"><bdi>978-0-521-35704-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Variation+in+German%3A+A+Critical+Approach+to+German+Sociolinguistics&rft.pages=86-&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0-521-35704-3&rft.aulast=Barbour&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft.au=Stevenson%2C+Patrick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBFr2IjGftNMC%26pg%3DPA86&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEast+Low+German" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Russ2013-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Russ2013_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Russ2013_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRuss2013" class="citation book cs1">Russ, Charles V. J., ed. (2013) [originally 1990, reprinted 2000]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ga3bAAAAQBAJ"><i>The Dialects of Modern German: A Linguistic Survey</i></a>. Routledge. p. 91. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-136-08668-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-136-08668-7"><bdi>978-1-136-08668-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Dialects+of+Modern+German%3A+A+Linguistic+Survey&rft.pages=91&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-136-08668-7&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dga3bAAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEast+Low+German" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStellmacher1990" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Stellmacher, Dieter (1990). <i>Niederdeutsche Sprache: Eine Einführung</i> (in German). Peter Lang. p. 129. <q>Die ond. [= ostniederdeutschen] Dialekte gliedern sich in drei größere Dialektlandschaften, das Mecklenburgisch-Vorpommersche, das Mittelpommersche und das Märkisch-Brandenburgische.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Niederdeutsche+Sprache%3A+Eine+Einf%C3%BChrung&rft.pages=129&rft.pub=Peter+Lang&rft.date=1990&rft.aulast=Stellmacher&rft.aufirst=Dieter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEast+Low+German" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGraefenLiedke-Göbel2020" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Graefen, Gabriele; Liedke-Göbel, Martina (2020). <i>Germanistische Sprachwissenschaft: Deutsch als Erst-, Zweit- oder Fremdsprache</i> (in German) (3rd ed.). A. Francke. p. 31. <q>Der niederdeutsche Sprachraum umfasst die <b>niederfränkischen</b>, <b>westniederdeutschen</b> (Westfälisch, Ostfälisch, Nordniedersächsisch) und <b>ostniederdeutschen</b> Dialekte (Mecklenburgisch, Vorpommersch, Brandenburgisch, Märkisch).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Germanistische+Sprachwissenschaft%3A+Deutsch+als+Erst-%2C+Zweit-+oder+Fremdsprache&rft.pages=31&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=A.+Francke&rft.date=2020&rft.aulast=Graefen&rft.aufirst=Gabriele&rft.au=Liedke-G%C3%B6bel%2C+Martina&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEast+Low+German" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Irmtraud Rösler, <i>Aspekte einer Sprachgeschichte des Ostniederdeutschen</i>, in: Werner Besch, Anne Betten, Oskar Reichmann, Stefan Sonderegger (eds.), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><i>Sprachgeschichte: Ein Handbuch zur Geschichte der deutschen Sprache und ihrer Erforschung</i> (in German). Vol. 3 (2nd ed.). Walter de Gruyter. 2003. p. 2699ff. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-11-015883-3" title="Special:BookSources/3-11-015883-3"><bdi>3-11-015883-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sprachgeschichte%3A+Ein+Handbuch+zur+Geschichte+der+deutschen+Sprache+und+ihrer+Erforschung&rft.pages=2699ff.&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Walter+de+Gruyter&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=3-11-015883-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEast+Low+German" class="Z3988"></span> (series: <i>Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft</i> (HSK) 2.3)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDietrich2004" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Dietrich, Renata Pinz (2004-08-31). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040831224629/http://www.alfredosimon.com.br/~alemao/destaque.php?des=3">"180 Anos de Imigração Alemã"</a>. <i>Site da Lingua Alemã</i> (in Brazilian Portuguese). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alfredosimon.com.br/~alemao/destaque.php?des=3">the original</a> on 2004-08-31<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-08-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Site+da+Lingua+Alem%C3%A3&rft.atitle=180+Anos+de+Imigra%C3%A7%C3%A3o+Alem%C3%A3&rft.date=2004-08-31&rft.aulast=Dietrich&rft.aufirst=Renata+Pinz&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.alfredosimon.com.br%2F~alemao%2Fdestaque.php%3Fdes%3D3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEast+Low+German" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Pomeranian_history" title="Template:Pomeranian history"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Pomeranian_history" title="Template talk:Pomeranian history"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Pomeranian_history" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Pomeranian history"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="History_of_Pomerania" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Pomerania" title="History of Pomerania">History of Pomerania</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_history_of_Pomerania" title="Early history of Pomerania">10,000 BC – 600 AD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomerania_during_the_Early_Middle_Ages" class="mw-redirect" title="Pomerania during the Early Middle Ages">600–1100</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomerania_during_the_High_Middle_Ages" class="mw-redirect" title="Pomerania during the High Middle Ages">1100–1300</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomerania_during_the_Late_Middle_Ages" class="mw-redirect" title="Pomerania during the Late Middle Ages">1300–1500</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomerania_during_the_Early_Modern_Age" class="mw-redirect" title="Pomerania during the Early Modern Age">1500–1806</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Pomerania_(1806%E2%80%931933)" title="History of Pomerania (1806–1933)">1806–1933</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Pomerania_(1933%E2%80%931945)" title="History of Pomerania (1933–1945)">1933–1945</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Pomerania_(1945%E2%80%93present)" title="History of Pomerania (1945–present)">1945–present</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Administrative" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Administrative</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Western_Pomerania" title="Western Pomerania">Western Pomerania</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Billung_March" title="Billung March">Billung March</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_March" title="Northern March">Northern March</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_R%C3%BCgen" title="Principality of Rügen">Principality of Rügen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Pomerania" title="Duchy of Pomerania">Duchy of Pomerania</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Pomerania" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Pomerania">House of Pomerania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Pomeranian_duchies_and_dukes" title="List of Pomeranian duchies and dukes">List of dukes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_of_G%C3%BCtzkow" title="County of Gützkow">Gützkow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partitions_of_the_Duchy_of_Pomerania" title="Partitions of the Duchy of Pomerania">Partitions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomerania-Demmin" title="Pomerania-Demmin">Pomerania-Demmin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomerania-Stettin" title="Pomerania-Stettin">Pomerania-Stettin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomerania-Schlawe" title="Pomerania-Schlawe">Pomerania-Schlawe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomerania-Wolgast" title="Pomerania-Wolgast">Pomerania-Wolgast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomerania-Stolp" class="mw-redirect" title="Pomerania-Stolp">Pomerania-Stolp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomerania-Neustettin" title="Pomerania-Neustettin">Pomerania-Neustettin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomerania-Stargard" class="mw-redirect" title="Pomerania-Stargard">Pomerania-Stargard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomerania-R%C3%BCgenwalde" title="Pomerania-Rügenwalde">Pomerania-Rügenwalde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomerania-Wolgast-Stolp" title="Pomerania-Wolgast-Stolp">Pomerania-Wolgast-Stolp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomerania-Barth" title="Pomerania-Barth">Pomerania-Barth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_Pomerania" title="Swedish Pomerania">Swedish Pomerania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Pomerania_(1815%E2%80%931945)" title="Province of Pomerania (1815–1945)">Province of Pomerania 1815–1945</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stettin_(region)" title="Stettin (region)">Stettin Region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stralsund_(region)" title="Stralsund (region)">Stralsund Region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_placenames_in_the_Province_of_Pomerania" title="List of placenames in the Province of Pomerania">List of placenames</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enclave_of_Police" title="Enclave of Police">Enclave of Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Szczecin_Voivodeship_(1946%E2%80%931975)" title="Szczecin Voivodeship (1946–1975)">Szczecin Voivodeship 1946–1975</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mecklenburg-Vorpommern#German_Democratic_Republic" title="Mecklenburg-Vorpommern">Mecklenburg-Vorpommern 1946–1952</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bezirk_Frankfurt" title="Bezirk Frankfurt">Bezirk Frankfurt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bezirk_Neubrandenburg" title="Bezirk Neubrandenburg">Bezirk Neubrandenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bezirk_Rostock" title="Bezirk Rostock">Bezirk Rostock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Szczecin_Voivodeship_(1975%E2%80%931998)" title="Szczecin Voivodeship (1975–1998)">Szczecin Voivodeship 1975–1998</a></li> <li>Contemporary <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mecklenburg-Vorpommern" title="Mecklenburg-Vorpommern">Mecklenburg-Vorpommern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brandenburg" title="Brandenburg">Brandenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Pomeranian_Voivodeship" title="West Pomeranian Voivodeship">West Pomeranian Voivodeship</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Farther_Pomerania" title="Farther Pomerania">Farther Pomerania</a><br /></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Pomerania" title="Duchy of Pomerania">Duchy of Pomerania</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Pomerania" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Pomerania">House of Pomerania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Pomeranian_duchies_and_dukes" title="List of Pomeranian duchies and dukes">List of dukes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishopric_of_Cammin" title="Bishopric of Cammin">Cammin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lands_of_Schlawe_and_Stolp" title="Lands of Schlawe and Stolp">Schlawe-Stolp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partitions_of_the_Duchy_of_Pomerania" title="Partitions of the Duchy of Pomerania">Partitions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomerania-Stolp" class="mw-redirect" title="Pomerania-Stolp">Pomerania-Stolp</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Pomerania_(1653%E2%80%931815)" title="Province of Pomerania (1653–1815)">Brandenburgian Pomerania</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Starostwo_of_Draheim" title="Starostwo of Draheim">Starostwo of Draheim</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Pomerania_(1815%E2%80%931945)" title="Province of Pomerania (1815–1945)">Province of Pomerania 1815–1945</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stettin_(region)" title="Stettin (region)">Stettin Region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6slin_(region)" title="Köslin (region)">Köslin Region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_placenames_in_the_Province_of_Pomerania" title="List of placenames in the Province of Pomerania">List of placenames</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Szczecin_Voivodeship_(1946%E2%80%931975)" title="Szczecin Voivodeship (1946–1975)">Szczecin Voivodeship 1946–1975</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koszalin_Voivodeship_(1950%E2%80%931975)" title="Koszalin Voivodeship (1950–1975)">Koszalin Voivodeship 1950–1975</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Szczecin_Voivodeship_(1975%E2%80%931998)" title="Szczecin Voivodeship (1975–1998)">Szczecin Voivodeship 1975–1998</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koszalin_Voivodeship_(1975%E2%80%931998)" title="Koszalin Voivodeship (1975–1998)">Koszalin Voivodeship 1975–1998</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C5%82upsk_Voivodeship" title="Słupsk Voivodeship">Słupsk Voivodeship</a> 1975–1998</li> <li>Contemporary <ul><li><a href="/wiki/West_Pomeranian_Voivodeship" title="West Pomeranian Voivodeship">West Pomeranian Voivodeship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomeranian_Voivodeship" title="Pomeranian Voivodeship">Pomeranian Voivodeship</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lauenburg_and_B%C3%BCtow_Land" title="Lauenburg and Bütow Land">Lauenburg-Bütow</a> <br /> <span class="nobold">classified as<br /> <a href="/wiki/Farther_Pomerania" title="Farther Pomerania">Farther Pomerania</a><br /> or <a href="/wiki/Pomerelia" title="Pomerelia">Pomerelia</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Pomerania" title="Duchy of Pomerania">Duchy of Pomerania</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Pomerania" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Pomerania">House of Pomerania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Pomeranian_duchies_and_dukes" title="List of Pomeranian duchies and dukes">List of dukes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partitions_of_the_Duchy_of_Pomerania" title="Partitions of the Duchy of Pomerania">Partitions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Prussia" title="Royal Prussia">Royal Prussia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pomeranian_Voivodeship_(1466%E2%80%931772)" title="Pomeranian Voivodeship (1466–1772)">Pomeranian Voivodeship</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lauenburg_and_B%C3%BCtow_Land" title="Lauenburg and Bütow Land">Lauenburg-Bütow Pawn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Pomerania_(1653%E2%80%931815)" title="Province of Pomerania (1653–1815)">Brandenburgian Pomerania</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lauenburg_and_B%C3%BCtow_Land" title="Lauenburg and Bütow Land">Lauenburg and Bütow Land</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Pomerania_(1815%E2%80%931945)" title="Province of Pomerania (1815–1945)">Province of Pomerania 1815–1945</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6slin_(region)" title="Köslin (region)">Köslin Region</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Szczecin_Voivodeship_(1946%E2%80%931975)" title="Szczecin Voivodeship (1946–1975)">Szczecin Voivodeship 1946–1975</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koszalin_Voivodeship_(1950%E2%80%931975)" title="Koszalin Voivodeship (1950–1975)">Koszalin Voivodeship 1950–1975</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C5%82upsk_Voivodeship" title="Słupsk Voivodeship">Słupsk Voivodeship</a> 1975–1998</li> <li>Contemporary <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pomeranian_Voivodeship" title="Pomeranian Voivodeship">Pomeranian Voivodeship</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pomerelia" title="Pomerelia">Pomerelia</a> <br /> <span class="nobold">(<a href="/wiki/Kashubia" title="Kashubia">Kashubia</a>, <br /> <a href="/wiki/Kociewie" title="Kociewie">Kociewie</a>, <br /> <a href="/wiki/Tuchola_Forest" title="Tuchola Forest">Tuchola Forest</a>, <br /> <a href="/wiki/Che%C5%82mno_Land" title="Chełmno Land">Chełmno Land</a>)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pomerelia#As_part_of_Poland" title="Pomerelia">Polish Pomerelia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomerelia#Danish_conquest_and_independence" title="Pomerelia">Danish Pomerelia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Pomerelia" title="Duchy of Pomerelia">Duchy of Pomerelia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samborides" title="Samborides">Samborides</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Gda%C5%84sk" title="Duchy of Gdańsk">Duchy of Gdańsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_%C5%9Awiecie_and_Lubiszewo" title="Duchy of Świecie and Lubiszewo">Duchy of Świecie and Lubiszewo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Bia%C5%82ogarda" title="Duchy of Białogarda">Duchy of Białogarda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Lubiszewo" title="Duchy of Lubiszewo">Duchy of Lubiszewo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_%C5%9Awiecie" title="Duchy of Świecie">Duchy of Świecie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_of_the_Teutonic_Order" title="State of the Teutonic Order">State of the Teutonic Order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Prussia" title="Royal Prussia">Royal Prussia</a> 1466–1793 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pomeranian_Voivodeship_(1466%E2%80%931772)" title="Pomeranian Voivodeship (1466–1772)">Pomeranian Voivodeship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Che%C5%82mno_Voivodeship" title="Chełmno Voivodeship">Chełmno Voivodeship</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_City_of_Danzig_(Napoleonic)" title="Free City of Danzig (Napoleonic)">Free City of Danzig 1807–1814</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Prussia" title="West Prussia">West Prussia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Posen-West_Prussia" class="mw-redirect" title="Posen-West Prussia">Posen-West Prussia Region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomeranian_Voivodeship_(1919%E2%80%931939)" title="Pomeranian Voivodeship (1919–1939)">Pomeranian Voivodeship 1919–1939</a> (<a href="/wiki/Polish_Corridor" title="Polish Corridor">Polish Corridor</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_City_of_Danzig" title="Free City of Danzig">Free City of Danzig 1920–1939</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reichsgau_Danzig-West_Prussia" title="Reichsgau Danzig-West Prussia">Reichsgau Danzig-West Prussia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gda%C5%84sk_Voivodeship_(1945%E2%80%931975)" title="Gdańsk Voivodeship (1945–1975)">Gdańsk Voivodeship 1946–1975</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bydgoszcz_Voivodeship#1946-1975" title="Bydgoszcz Voivodeship">Bydgoszcz Voivodeship 1946–1975</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Szczecin_Voivodeship_(1946%E2%80%931975)" title="Szczecin Voivodeship (1946–1975)">Szczecin Voivodeship 1946–1975</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koszalin_Voivodeship_(1950%E2%80%931975)" title="Koszalin Voivodeship (1950–1975)">Koszalin Voivodeship 1950–1975</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gda%C5%84sk_Voivodeship_(1975%E2%80%931998)" title="Gdańsk Voivodeship (1975–1998)">Gdańsk Voivodeship 1975–1998</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koszalin_Voivodeship_(1975%E2%80%931998)" title="Koszalin Voivodeship (1975–1998)">Koszalin Voivodeship 1975–1998</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C5%82upsk_Voivodeship" title="Słupsk Voivodeship">Słupsk Voivodeship</a> 1975–1998</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bydgoszcz_Voivodeship#1975–1998" title="Bydgoszcz Voivodeship">Bydgoszcz Voivodeship 1975–1998</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toru%C5%84_Voivodeship" title="Toruń Voivodeship">Toruń Voivodeship</a> 1975–1998</li> <li>Contemporary <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pomeranian_Voivodeship" title="Pomeranian Voivodeship">Pomeranian Voivodeship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Pomeranian_Voivodeship" title="West Pomeranian Voivodeship">West Pomeranian Voivodeship</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gmina_Bia%C5%82y_B%C3%B3r" title="Gmina Biały Bór">Gmina Biały Bór</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuyavian-Pomeranian_Voivodeship" class="mw-redirect" title="Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship">Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Ecclesiastical" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Ecclesiastical</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Roman Catholic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Historical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Christianization_of_Pomerania" title="Christianization of Pomerania">Christianization of Pomerania</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishopric_of_Cammin" title="Bishopric of Cammin">Diocese of Wollin/Cammin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Kolberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Diocese of Kolberg">Diocese of Kolberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Che%C5%82mno" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Chełmno">Diocese of Chełmno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_See_of_Roskilde" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient See of Roskilde">Diocese of Roskilde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Vicariate_of_Northern_Germany" title="Apostolic Vicariate of Northern Germany">Apostolic Vicariate of Northern Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Berlin#Breslau's_Prince-Episcopal_Delegation_for_Brandenburg_and_Pomerania" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Berlin">Prince-Episcopal Delegation for Brandenburg and Pomerania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Administration_of_the_Free_City_of_Danzig" class="mw-redirect" title="Apostolic Administration of the Free City of Danzig">Apostolic Administration of the Free City of Danzig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Administration_of_T%C3%BCtz" class="mw-redirect" title="Apostolic Administration of Tütz">Apostolic Administration of Tütz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Territorial_Prelature_of_Schneidem%C3%BChl" title="Roman Catholic Territorial Prelature of Schneidemühl">Prelature of Schneidemühl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Administration_of_Kamie%C5%84,_Lubusz_and_the_Prelature_of_Pi%C5%82a" class="mw-redirect" title="Apostolic Administration of Kamień, Lubusz and the Prelature of Piła">Apostolic Administration of Kamień (Cammin), Lubusz (Lebus) and the Prelature of Piła (Schneidemühl)</a> with see in <a href="/wiki/Gorz%C3%B3w_Wielkopolski" title="Gorzów Wielkopolski">Gorzów Wielkopolski</a> 1945–1972</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Extant</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Berlin" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Berlin">Archdiocese of Berlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Bydgoszcz" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Bydgoszcz">Diocese of Bydgoszcz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Gda%C5%84sk" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Gdańsk">Archdiocese of Gdańsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Koszalin-Ko%C5%82obrzeg" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Koszalin-Kołobrzeg">Diocese of Koszalin-Kołobrzeg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Pelplin" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Pelplin">Diocese of Pelplin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Szczecin-Kamie%C5%84" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Szczecin-Kamień">Archdiocese of Szczecin-Kamień</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Toru%C5%84" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Toruń">Diocese of Toruń</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_W%C5%82oc%C5%82awek" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Włocławek">Diocese of Włocławek</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestant</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Historical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Protestant_Reformation" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant Reformation">Protestant Reformation</a></i></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_State_Church_in_Prussia" class="mw-redirect" title="Evangelical State Church in Prussia">Evangelical State Church in Prussia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomeranian_Evangelical_Church" title="Pomeranian Evangelical Church">Pomeranian Evangelical Church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Extant</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Protestant_Church_in_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant Church in Germany">Protestant Church in Germany</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Lutheran_Church_in_Northern_Germany" title="Evangelical Lutheran Church in Northern Germany">Evangelical Lutheran Church in Northern Germany</a> <ul><li>Lutheran Diocese of Mecklenburg and Pomerania</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Reformed_Church_in_Germany" title="Evangelical Reformed Church in Germany">Evangelical Reformed Church in Germany</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Church_of_the_Augsburg_Confession_in_Poland" title="Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession in Poland">Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession in Poland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lutheran_Diocese_of_Pomerania-Greater_Poland" title="Lutheran Diocese of Pomerania-Greater Poland">Lutheran Diocese of Pomerania-Greater Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lutheran_Diocese_of_Wroc%C5%82aw" title="Lutheran Diocese of Wrocław">Lutheran Diocese of Wrocław</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentecostal_Church_in_Poland" title="Pentecostal Church in Poland">Pentecostal Church in Poland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Demography_and_anthropology" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Demographic_history_of_Pomerania" title="Demographic history of Pomerania">Demography</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anthropology" title="Anthropology">anthropology</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Archaeological cultures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hamburg_culture" title="Hamburg culture">Hamburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maglemosian_culture" title="Maglemosian culture">Maglemosian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erteb%C3%B8lle_culture" title="Ertebølle culture">Ertebølle-Ellerbek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Pottery_culture" title="Linear Pottery culture">Linear Pottery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funnelbeaker_culture" title="Funnelbeaker culture">Funnelbeaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Havelland_culture" title="Havelland culture">Havelland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corded_Ware_culture" title="Corded Ware culture">Corded Ware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comb_Ceramic_culture" title="Comb Ceramic culture">Comb Ceramic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_Bronze_Age" title="Nordic Bronze Age">Nordic Bronze Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lusatian_culture" title="Lusatian culture">Lusatian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jastorf_culture" title="Jastorf culture">Jastorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomeranian_culture" title="Pomeranian culture">Pomeranian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oksywie_culture" title="Oksywie culture">Oksywie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wielbark_culture" title="Wielbark culture">Wielbark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustow_group" title="Gustow group">Gustow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C4%99bczyn_culture" title="Dębczyn culture">Dębczyn (Denzin)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Peoples</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gepids" title="Gepids">Gepids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goths" title="Goths">Goths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lemovii" title="Lemovii">Lemovii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugii" title="Rugii">Rugii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vidivarii" title="Vidivarii">Vidivarii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vistula_Veneti" title="Vistula Veneti">Vistula Veneti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomeranians_(tribe)" title="Pomeranians (tribe)">Slavic Pomeranians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prissani" title="Prissani">Prissani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rani_(tribe)" title="Rani (tribe)">Rani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrani" title="Ukrani">Ukrani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veleti" title="Veleti">Veleti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lutici" title="Lutici">Lutici</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Velunzani" class="mw-redirect" title="Velunzani">Velunzani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomeranians_(German_people)" title="Pomeranians (German people)">German Pomeranians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashubians" title="Kashubians">Kashubians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_people" title="Polish people">Poles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovincians" title="Slovincians">Slovincians</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major demographic events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Migration_Period" title="Migration Period">Migration Period</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ostsiedlung" title="Ostsiedlung">Ostsiedlung</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flight_and_expulsion_of_Germans_from_Poland_during_and_after_World_War_II" title="Flight and expulsion of Germans from Poland during and after World War II">WWII flight and expulsion of Germans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recovered_Territories" title="Recovered Territories">Post-WWII settlement of Poles and Ukrainians</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Languages and dialects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/West_Germanic_languages" title="West Germanic languages">West Germanic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Low_German" title="Low German">Low German</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Low_Prussian_dialect" title="Low Prussian dialect">Low Prussian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Pomeranian_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Pomeranian dialect">Central Pomeranian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mecklenburgisch-Vorpommersch_dialect" title="Mecklenburgisch-Vorpommersch dialect">Mecklenburgisch-Vorpommersch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Pomeranian_dialect" title="East Pomeranian dialect">East Pomeranian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Pomeranian_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="West Pomeranian dialect">West Pomeranian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_German" title="Standard German">Standard German</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/West_Slavic_languages" title="West Slavic languages">West Slavic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polabian_language" title="Polabian language">Polabian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomeranian_language" title="Pomeranian language">Pomeranian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kashubian_language" title="Kashubian language">Kashubian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovincian_language" title="Slovincian language">Slovincian</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Treaties" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Treaties</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1200–1500</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Kremmen" title="Treaty of Kremmen">Kremmen</a> (1236)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Landin" title="Treaty of Landin">Landin</a> (1250)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_K%C4%99pno" title="Treaty of Kępno">Kępno</a> (1282)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Soldin_(1309)" title="Treaty of Soldin (1309)">Soldin (1309)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Templin" title="Treaty of Templin">Templin</a> (1317)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Treaty_of_Ueckerm%C3%BCnde&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Treaty of Ueckermünde (page does not exist)">Ueckermünde</a> (1327)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Kalisz_(1343)" title="Treaty of Kalisz (1343)">Kalisz</a> (1343)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Stralsund_(1354)" title="Treaty of Stralsund (1354)">Stralsund (1354)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Stralsund_(1370)" title="Treaty of Stralsund (1370)">Stralsund (1370)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Pyzdry" title="Treaty of Pyzdry">Pyzdry</a> (1390)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_of_Raci%C4%85%C5%BCek" title="Peace of Raciążek">Raciążek (1404)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_of_Thorn_(1411)" title="Peace of Thorn (1411)">Thorn, First</a> (1411)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Treaty_of_Eberswalde_(1415)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Treaty of Eberswalde (1415) (page does not exist)">Eberswalde, First</a> (1415)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Melno" title="Treaty of Melno">Melno</a> (1422)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Treaty_of_Perleberg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Treaty of Perleberg (page does not exist)">Perleberg</a> (1427)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Treaty_of_Eberswalde_(1427)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Treaty of Eberswalde (1427) (page does not exist)">Eberswalde, Second</a> (1427)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truce_of_%C5%81%C4%99czyca" title="Truce of Łęczyca">Łęczyca (1433)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_of_Brze%C5%9B%C4%87_Kujawski" title="Peace of Brześć Kujawski">Brześć Kujawski</a> (1435)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Soldin_(1466)" title="Treaty of Soldin (1466)">Soldin (1466)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Peace_of_Thorn_(1466)" title="Second Peace of Thorn (1466)">Thorn, Second (1466)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Prenzlau" title="Treaty of Prenzlau">Prenzlau</a> (1448/1468/1472/1479)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Pyritz" title="Treaty of Pyritz">Pyritz</a> (1493)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1500–1700</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Compromise_of_Thorn" title="Compromise of Thorn">Thorn</a> (1521)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Krak%C3%B3w" title="Treaty of Kraków">Kraków</a> (1525)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Grimnitz" title="Treaty of Grimnitz">Grimnitz</a> (1529)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_of_Augsburg" title="Peace of Augsburg">Augsburg</a> (1555)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Lublin" title="Union of Lublin">Lublin</a> (1569)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Stettin_(1570)" title="Treaty of Stettin (1570)">Stettin (1570)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capitulation_of_Franzburg" title="Capitulation of Franzburg">Franzburg</a> (1627)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Stettin_(1630)" title="Treaty of Stettin (1630)">Stettin (1630)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_of_Westphalia" title="Peace of Westphalia">Westphalia</a> (1648)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Stettin_(1653)" title="Treaty of Stettin (1653)">Stettin (1653)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Labiau" title="Treaty of Labiau">Labiau</a> (1656)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Bromberg" title="Treaty of Bromberg">Wehlau and Bromberg</a> (1657)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Oliva" title="Treaty of Oliva">Oliva</a> (1660)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Saint-Germain-en-Laye_(1679)" title="Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye (1679)">Saint-Germain-en-Laye (1679)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_of_Lund" title="Peace of Lund">Lund (1679)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1700–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Treaties_of_Stockholm_(Great_Northern_War)" title="Treaties of Stockholm (Great Northern War)">Stockholm</a> (1719 / 1720)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Frederiksborg" title="Treaty of Frederiksborg">Frederiksborg</a> (1720)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partitions_of_Poland" title="Partitions of Poland">Polish Partitions Treaties</a> (1772/1773, 1793, 1795)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaties_of_Tilsit" title="Treaties of Tilsit">Tilsit</a> (1807)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Kiel" title="Treaty of Kiel">Kiel</a> (1814)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Vienna" title="Congress of Vienna">Vienna</a> (1815)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_German_Confederation_Treaty" title="North German Confederation Treaty">North German Confederation Treaty</a> (1866)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_of_Prague_(1866)" title="Peace of Prague (1866)">Peace of Prague (1866)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Versailles" title="Treaty of Versailles">Versailles</a> (1919)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concordat_of_1925" title="Concordat of 1925">Polish Concordat</a> (1925)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prussian_Concordat" title="Prussian Concordat">Prussian Concordat</a> (1929)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reichskonkordat" title="Reichskonkordat">Reichskonkordat</a> (1933)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/German%E2%80%93Soviet_Frontier_Treaty" class="mw-redirect" title="German–Soviet Frontier Treaty">Molotov–Ribbentrop</a> (1939)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potsdam_Agreement" title="Potsdam Agreement">Potsdam</a> (1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Zgorzelec" title="Treaty of Zgorzelec">Zgorzelec</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Moscow_(1970)" title="Treaty of Moscow (1970)">Moscow (1970)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Warsaw_(1970)" title="Treaty of Warsaw (1970)">Warsaw (1970)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helsinki_Accords" title="Helsinki Accords">Helsinki Accords</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Pomerania" title="Bay of Pomerania">Polish-East German Maritime Border Agreement</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_on_the_Final_Settlement_with_Respect_to_Germany" title="Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany">Two Plus Four</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_reunification#German_Reunification_Treaty" title="German reunification">German Reunification Treaty</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/German%E2%80%93Polish_Border_Treaty" title="German–Polish Border Treaty">German–Polish Border Treaty</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Good_Neighbourship" title="Treaty of Good Neighbourship">Treaty of Good Neighbourship</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concordat_of_1993" title="Concordat of 1993">Polish Concordat</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oder" title="Oder">Convention on the International Commission on the Protection of the Oder against Pollution</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Accession_2003" title="Treaty of Accession 2003">Treaty of Accession 2003</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link 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