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id="toc-Accession" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Accession"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Accession</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Accession-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-End_of_a_reign" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#End_of_a_reign"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>End of a reign</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-End_of_a_reign-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Temporary_loss_of_royal_authority" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Temporary_loss_of_royal_authority"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Temporary loss of royal authority</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Temporary_loss_of_royal_authority-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_monarch_and_the_government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_monarch_and_the_government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>The monarch and the government</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_monarch_and_the_government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_monarch_and_the_law_of_the_land" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_monarch_and_the_law_of_the_land"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>The monarch and the law of the land</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_monarch_and_the_law_of_the_land-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Formation_of_the_government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Formation_of_the_government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Formation of the government</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Formation_of_the_government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_monarch_and_the_States-General" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_monarch_and_the_States-General"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>The monarch and the States-General</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_monarch_and_the_States-General-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_functions_of_the_monarch" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_functions_of_the_monarch"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Other functions of the monarch</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Other_functions_of_the_monarch-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Other functions of the monarch subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Other_functions_of_the_monarch-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Remuneration_and_privileges" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Remuneration_and_privileges"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Remuneration and privileges</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Remuneration_and_privileges-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Stipend" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stipend"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1.1</span> <span>Stipend</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Stipend-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Royal_privileges" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Royal_privileges"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1.2</span> <span>Royal privileges</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Royal_privileges-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Taxation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Taxation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1.2.1</span> <span>Taxation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Taxation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Palaces" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Palaces"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1.2.2</span> <span>Palaces</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Palaces-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1.2.3</span> <span>Transportation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lèse-majesté" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lèse-majesté"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1.2.4</span> <span>Lèse-majesté</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lèse-majesté-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Positions_of_other_members_of_the_royal_house_and_royal_family" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Positions_of_other_members_of_the_royal_house_and_royal_family"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Positions of other members of the royal house and royal family</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Positions_of_other_members_of_the_royal_house_and_royal_family-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Deceased_members_of_the_Dutch_royal_family_since_William_I" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Deceased_members_of_the_Dutch_royal_family_since_William_I"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2.1</span> <span>Deceased members of the Dutch royal family since William I</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Deceased_members_of_the_Dutch_royal_family_since_William_I-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Death_and_burial" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Death_and_burial"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2.2</span> <span>Death and burial</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Death_and_burial-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_monarchy_in_Dutch_society" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_monarchy_in_Dutch_society"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>The monarchy in Dutch society</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-The_monarchy_in_Dutch_society-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle The monarchy in Dutch society subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-The_monarchy_in_Dutch_society-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Importance_and_position_within_Dutch_society" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Importance_and_position_within_Dutch_society"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Importance and position within Dutch society</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Importance_and_position_within_Dutch_society-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Popularity_of_the_monarchy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Popularity_of_the_monarchy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Popularity of the monarchy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Popularity_of_the_monarchy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-List_of_hereditary_heads_of_state" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_hereditary_heads_of_state"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>List of hereditary heads of state</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-List_of_hereditary_heads_of_state-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religious_affiliation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religious_affiliation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Religious affiliation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religious_affiliation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Royal_finances" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Royal_finances"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Royal finances</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Royal_finances-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Monarchs_of_the_Netherlands" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Monarchs_of_the_Netherlands"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Monarchs of the Netherlands</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Monarchs_of_the_Netherlands-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Monarchs of the Netherlands subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Monarchs_of_the_Netherlands-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Wilhelmina_(1890–1948)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wilhelmina_(1890–1948)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1</span> <span>Wilhelmina (1890–1948)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wilhelmina_(1890–1948)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Juliana_(1948–1980)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Juliana_(1948–1980)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.2</span> <span>Juliana (1948–1980)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Juliana_(1948–1980)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Beatrix_(1980–2013)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Beatrix_(1980–2013)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.3</span> <span>Beatrix (1980–2013)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Beatrix_(1980–2013)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Willem-Alexander_(2013–present)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Willem-Alexander_(2013–present)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.4</span> <span>Willem-Alexander (2013–present)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Willem-Alexander_(2013–present)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Heir_apparent" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Heir_apparent"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.5</span> <span>Heir apparent</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Heir_apparent-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Full_title" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Full_title"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Full title</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Full_title-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_royal_family_and_the_royal_house" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_royal_family_and_the_royal_house"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>The royal family and the royal house</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-The_royal_family_and_the_royal_house-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle The royal family and the royal house subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-The_royal_family_and_the_royal_house-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Family_tree_of_current_members" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Family_tree_of_current_members"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.1</span> <span>Family tree of current members</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Family_tree_of_current_members-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Members_of_the_royal_house" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Members_of_the_royal_house"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.2</span> <span>Members of the royal house</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Members_of_the_royal_house-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Members_of_the_royal_family" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Members_of_the_royal_family"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.3</span> <span>Members of the royal family</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Members_of_the_royal_family-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Standards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Standards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Standards</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Standards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Monograms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Monograms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>Monograms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Monograms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Constitutional_references" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Constitutional_references"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17.1</span> <span>Constitutional references</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Constitutional_references-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References_to_other_laws_and_related_documentation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References_to_other_laws_and_related_documentation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17.2</span> <span>References to other laws and related documentation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References_to_other_laws_and_related_documentation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17.3</span> <span>External sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">18</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Monarchy of the Netherlands</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 26 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-26" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">26 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nederlandse_monargie" title="Nederlandse monargie – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Nederlandse monargie" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%84%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D9%87%D9%88%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7" title="الملكية في هولندا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الملكية في هولندا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%96%D0%B4%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Нідэрландская манархія – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Нідэрландская манархія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reis_dels_Pa%C3%AFsos_Baixos" title="Reis dels Països Baixos – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Reis dels Països Baixos" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nizozemsk%C3%A1_monarchie" title="Nizozemská monarchie – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Nizozemská monarchie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madalmaade_kuningas" title="Madalmaade kuningas – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Madalmaade kuningas" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%B1%CF%81%CF%87%CE%AF%CE%B1_%CF%84%CF%89%CE%BD_%CE%9A%CE%AC%CF%84%CF%89_%CE%A7%CF%89%CF%81%CF%8E%CE%BD" title="Μοναρχία των Κάτω Χωρών – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μοναρχία των Κάτω Χωρών" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarqu%C3%ADa_de_los_Pa%C3%ADses_Bajos" title="Monarquía de los Países Bajos – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Monarquía de los Países Bajos" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarchie_n%C3%A9erlandaise" title="Monarchie néerlandaise – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Monarchie néerlandaise" 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Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Monarchia dei Paesi Bassi" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raja_Belanda" title="Raja Belanda – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Raja Belanda" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarchie_in_Nederland" title="Monarchie in Nederland – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Monarchie in Nederland" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a 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data-title="Нидерландская монархия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Холандска монархија – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Холандска монархија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nizozemska_monarhija" title="Nizozemska monarhija – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Nizozemska monarhija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / 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id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=King_of_the_Netherlands&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="King of the Netherlands">King of the Netherlands</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"King of Holland" and "Queen of the Netherlands" redirect here. For the ship, see <a href="/wiki/Queen_of_the_Netherlands_(ship)" title="Queen of the Netherlands (ship)"><i>Queen of the Netherlands</i> (ship)</a>. For the bird, see <a href="/wiki/King_of_Holland%27s_bird-of-paradise" title="King of Holland's bird-of-paradise">King of Holland's bird-of-paradise</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_footnotes_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-More_footnotes_needed" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/40px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/60px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/80px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article includes a list of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#General_references" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">general references</a>, but <b>it lacks sufficient corresponding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">inline citations</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Reliability" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Reliability">improve</a> this article by <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:When_to_cite" title="Wikipedia:When to cite">introducing</a> more precise citations.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr">His Majesty the King of <span class="country-name">of Kingdom of the Netherlands</span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-weight: bold;"><span title="Dutch-language text"><i lang="nl">Koning van het Koninkrijk der Nederlanden</i></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_coat_of_arms_of_the_Netherlands.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Royal_coat_of_arms_of_the_Netherlands.svg/120px-Royal_coat_of_arms_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Royal_coat_of_arms_of_the_Netherlands.svg/180px-Royal_coat_of_arms_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Royal_coat_of_arms_of_the_Netherlands.svg/240px-Royal_coat_of_arms_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="952" data-file-height="1045" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Netherlands" title="Coat of arms of the Netherlands">Coat of arms of the Netherlands</a></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #eee;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546">Incumbent</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Zijne_Majesteit_Koning_Willem-Alexander_met_koningsmantel_april_2013.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Zijne_Majesteit_Koning_Willem-Alexander_met_koningsmantel_april_2013.jpeg/200px-Zijne_Majesteit_Koning_Willem-Alexander_met_koningsmantel_april_2013.jpeg" decoding="async" width="200" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Zijne_Majesteit_Koning_Willem-Alexander_met_koningsmantel_april_2013.jpeg/300px-Zijne_Majesteit_Koning_Willem-Alexander_met_koningsmantel_april_2013.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Zijne_Majesteit_Koning_Willem-Alexander_met_koningsmantel_april_2013.jpeg/400px-Zijne_Majesteit_Koning_Willem-Alexander_met_koningsmantel_april_2013.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="4646" data-file-height="6969" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><b><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Willem-Alexander_of_the_Netherlands" title="Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands">Willem-Alexander</a></span></b><br />since 30 April 2013</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><th colspan="2"> </th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #eee;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #eee;">Details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Style</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Majesty" title="Majesty">His Majesty</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Heir_apparent" title="Heir apparent">Heir apparent</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Catharina-Amalia,_Princess_of_Orange" title="Catharina-Amalia, Princess of Orange">Catharina-Amalia, Princess of Orange</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">First monarch</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Willem_I_of_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Willem I of the Netherlands">William I</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Formation</th><td class="infobox-data">16 March 1815<span class="noprint">; 209 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1815-03-16</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Residence</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Palace_of_Amsterdam" title="Royal Palace of Amsterdam">Royal Palace of Amsterdam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noordeinde_Palace" title="Noordeinde Palace">Noordeinde Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huis_ten_Bosch" title="Huis ten Bosch">Huis ten Bosch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.royal-house.nl">www<wbr />.royal-house<wbr />.nl</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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.sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks vcard"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of the <a href="/wiki/Category:Politics" title="Category:Politics">Politics series</a></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="border-top:1px #fafafa solid; border-bottom:1px #fafafa solid; background:#efefef; background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000); padding:0.2em;"><div class="adr"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Netherlands" title="Politics of the Netherlands">Politics of the Netherlands</a></div></th></tr><tr><th><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:State_coat_of_arms_of_the_Netherlands.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Azure, billetty Or a lion with a coronet Or armed and langued Gules holding in his dexter paw a sword Argent hilted Or and in the sinister paw seven arrows Argent pointed and bound together Or. [The seven arrows stand for the seven provinces of the Union of Utrecht.] The shield is crowned with the (Dutch) royal crown and supported by two lions Or armed and langued gules. They stand on a scroll Azure with the text (Or) "Je Maintiendrai" (French for "I will maintain".)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/State_coat_of_arms_of_the_Netherlands.svg/150px-State_coat_of_arms_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/State_coat_of_arms_of_the_Netherlands.svg/225px-State_coat_of_arms_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/State_coat_of_arms_of_the_Netherlands.svg/300px-State_coat_of_arms_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="756" data-file-height="595" /></a></span></th></tr><tr><th style="border-bottom: #aaa 1px solid"></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000); text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Netherlands" title="Constitution of the Netherlands">Constitution</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charter_for_the_Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands" title="Charter for the Kingdom of the Netherlands">Charter</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wet_Algemene_Bepalingen" title="Wet Algemene Bepalingen">Wet Algemene Bepalingen</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_the_Netherlands" title="Human rights in the Netherlands">Human rights</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000); text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Monarchy</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">King</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Willem-Alexander_of_the_Netherlands" title="Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands">Willem-Alexander</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Ministers_of_the_Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands" title="Council of Ministers of the Kingdom of the Netherlands">Council of Ministers</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Minister_Plenipotentiary_(Netherlands)" title="Minister Plenipotentiary (Netherlands)">Ministers Plenipotentiary</a> <dl><dd><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Minister_Plenipotentiary_of_Aruba" title="Minister Plenipotentiary of Aruba">Aruba</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Minister_Plenipotentiary_of_Cura%C3%A7ao" title="Minister Plenipotentiary of Curaçao">Curaçao</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Minister_Plenipotentiary_of_Sint_Maarten" title="Minister Plenipotentiary of Sint Maarten">St. Maarten</a></li></ul></div></dd></dl></dd></dl></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000); text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_the_Netherlands" title="Cabinet of the Netherlands">Cabinet</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_Netherlands" title="Prime Minister of the Netherlands">Prime Minister</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Prime_Ministers_of_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Prime Ministers of the Netherlands">list</a>) <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Dick_Schoof" title="Dick Schoof">Dick Schoof</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_the_Netherlands" title="Deputy Prime Minister of the Netherlands">Deputy Prime Ministers</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Fleur_Agema" title="Fleur Agema">Fleur Agema</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sophie_Hermans" title="Sophie Hermans">Sophie Hermans</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Eddy_van_Hijum" title="Eddy van Hijum">Eddy van Hijum</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mona_Keijzer" title="Mona Keijzer">Mona Keijzer</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministries_of_the_Netherlands" title="Ministries of the Netherlands">Ministries</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000); text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/States_General_of_the_Netherlands" title="States General of the Netherlands">States General</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Senate_(Netherlands)" title="Senate (Netherlands)">Senate</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Senate_(Netherlands)" title="President of the Senate (Netherlands)">President</a>: <a href="/wiki/Jan_Anthonie_Bruijn" title="Jan Anthonie Bruijn">Jan Anthonie Bruijn</a></dd> <dd><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Template"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Symbol_template_class_pink.svg/16px-Symbol_template_class_pink.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Symbol_template_class_pink.svg/23px-Symbol_template_class_pink.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Symbol_template_class_pink.svg/31px-Symbol_template_class_pink.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Template:Members_of_the_Senate_of_the_Netherlands,_2023%E2%80%932027" title="Template:Members of the Senate of the Netherlands, 2023–2027">Current membership</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Historic_composition_of_the_Senate_of_the_Netherlands" title="Historic composition of the Senate of the Netherlands">Historic composition</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_(Netherlands)" title="House of Representatives (Netherlands)">House of Representatives</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_House_of_Representatives_(Netherlands)" title="Speaker of the House of Representatives (Netherlands)">Speaker</a>: <a href="/wiki/Martin_Bosma" title="Martin Bosma">Martin Bosma</a></dd> <dd><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Template"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Symbol_template_class_pink.svg/16px-Symbol_template_class_pink.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Symbol_template_class_pink.svg/23px-Symbol_template_class_pink.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Symbol_template_class_pink.svg/31px-Symbol_template_class_pink.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_House_of_Representatives_of_the_Netherlands,_2023%E2%80%93present" title="List of members of the House of Representatives of the Netherlands, 2023–present">Current membership</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Historic_composition_of_the_House_of_Representatives_of_the_Netherlands" title="Historic composition of the House of Representatives of the Netherlands">Historic composition</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_committees_of_the_States_General_of_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliamentary committees of the States General of the Netherlands">Parliamentary committees</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000); text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_the_Netherlands" title="Judiciary of the Netherlands">Judiciary</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_Netherlands" title="Supreme Court of the Netherlands">Supreme Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Council_of_State_(Netherlands)" title="High Council of State (Netherlands)">High Councils of State</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Council_of_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Dutch Council of State">Council of State</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Netherlands_Court_of_Audit" class="mw-redirect" title="Netherlands Court of Audit">Court of Audit</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/National_Ombudsman" title="National Ombudsman">National Ombudsman</a></dd></dl></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000); text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_the_Netherlands" title="Elections in the Netherlands">Elections</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li>Recent elections <dl><dd><div class="hlist"><ul><li>General: <a href="/wiki/2010_Dutch_general_election" title="2010 Dutch general election">2010</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2012_Dutch_general_election" title="2012 Dutch general election">2012</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2017_Dutch_general_election" title="2017 Dutch general election">2017</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2021_Dutch_general_election" title="2021 Dutch general election">2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2023_Dutch_general_election" title="2023 Dutch general election">2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Next_Dutch_general_election" title="Next Dutch general election"><i>Next</i></a></li></ul></div></dd> <dd><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Provincial: <a href="/wiki/2011_Dutch_provincial_elections" title="2011 Dutch provincial elections">2011</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2015_Dutch_provincial_elections" title="2015 Dutch provincial elections">2015</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2019_Dutch_provincial_elections" title="2019 Dutch provincial elections">2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2023_Dutch_provincial_elections" title="2023 Dutch provincial elections">2023</a></li></ul></div></dd> <dd><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Municipal: <a href="/wiki/2010_Dutch_municipal_elections" title="2010 Dutch municipal elections">2010</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2014_Dutch_municipal_elections" title="2014 Dutch municipal elections">2014</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2018_Dutch_municipal_elections" title="2018 Dutch municipal elections">2018</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2022_Dutch_municipal_elections" title="2022 Dutch municipal elections">2022</a></li></ul></div></dd> <dd><div class="hlist"><ul><li>European: <a href="/wiki/1999_European_Parliament_election_in_the_Netherlands" title="1999 European Parliament election in the Netherlands">1999</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2004_European_Parliament_election_in_the_Netherlands" title="2004 European Parliament election in the Netherlands">2004</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2009_European_Parliament_election_in_the_Netherlands" title="2009 European Parliament election in the Netherlands">2009</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election_in_the_Netherlands" title="2014 European Parliament election in the Netherlands">2014</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election_in_the_Netherlands" title="2019 European Parliament election in the Netherlands">2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2024_European_Parliament_election_in_the_Netherlands" title="2024 European Parliament election in the Netherlands">2024</a></li></ul></div></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Referendums_in_the_Netherlands" title="Referendums in the Netherlands">Referendums</a> <dl><dd><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Referendums: <a href="/wiki/2005_Dutch_European_Constitution_referendum" title="2005 Dutch European Constitution referendum">2005</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2016_Dutch_Ukraine%E2%80%93European_Union_Association_Agreement_referendum" title="2016 Dutch Ukraine–European Union Association Agreement referendum">2016</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2018_Dutch_Intelligence_and_Security_Services_Act_referendum" title="2018 Dutch Intelligence and Security Services Act referendum">2018</a></li></ul></div></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_the_Netherlands" title="List of political parties in the Netherlands">Political parties</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Dutch_politicians" title="Category:Dutch politicians">Politicians</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000); text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)">Local government</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Provincial_politics_in_the_Netherlands" title="Provincial politics in the Netherlands">Provincial politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_board_(Netherlands)" title="Water board (Netherlands)">Water boards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipal_politics_in_the_Netherlands" title="Municipal politics in the Netherlands">Municipal politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BES_islands" class="mw-redirect" title="BES islands">BES islands</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000); text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_Netherlands" title="Foreign relations of the Netherlands">Foreign relations</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Netherlands)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Netherlands)">Ministry of Foreign Affairs</a> <dl><dd>Minister: <a href="/wiki/Caspar_Veldkamp" title="Caspar Veldkamp">Caspar Veldkamp</a><hr /></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_of_the_Netherlands" title="List of diplomatic missions of the Netherlands">Diplomatic missions of</a> / <a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_in_the_Netherlands" title="List of diplomatic missions in the Netherlands">in the Netherlands</a><hr /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_nationality_law" title="Dutch nationality law">Nationality law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_passport" title="Dutch passport">Passport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_requirements_for_Dutch_citizens" title="Visa requirements for Dutch citizens">Visa requirements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_policy_of_the_Schengen_Area" title="Visa policy of the Schengen Area">Visa policy of the Schengen Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_policy_of_the_Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands_in_the_Caribbean" title="Visa policy of the Kingdom of the Netherlands in the Caribbean">Visa policy of the Kingdom of the Netherlands in the Caribbean</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000); text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)">Related topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_the_Netherlands" title="Corruption in the Netherlands">Corruption in the Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Nederlandsche_Bank" title="De Nederlandsche Bank">De Nederlandsche Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_the_Netherlands" title="Law of the Netherlands">Law of the Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Netherlands_(1900%E2%80%93present)" title="History of the Netherlands (1900–present)">Modern history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republicanism_in_the_Netherlands" title="Republicanism in the Netherlands">Republicanism in the Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Economic_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Social Economic Council">Social Economic Council</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="background:#efefef;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000);"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/16px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/24px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/32px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Politics_of_the_Netherlands" title="Template:Politics of the Netherlands"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Politics_of_the_Netherlands" title="Template talk:Politics of the Netherlands"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Politics_of_the_Netherlands" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Politics of the Netherlands"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>monarchy of the Netherlands</b> is governed by the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Netherlands" title="Constitution of the Netherlands">country's constitution</a>, roughly a third of which explains the mechanics of succession, accession, and abdication; the roles and duties of the monarch; the formalities of communication between the <a href="/wiki/States_General_of_the_Netherlands" title="States General of the Netherlands">States General of the Netherlands</a>; and the monarch's role in creating laws. The monarch is the <a href="/wiki/Head_of_state" title="Head of state">head of state</a> and the <i>de jure</i> <a href="/wiki/Head_of_government" title="Head of government">head of government</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>. </p><p>The once-sovereign provinces of the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Netherlands" title="Spanish Netherlands">Spanish Netherlands</a> were intermittently ruled by members of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Orange-Nassau" title="House of Orange-Nassau">House of Orange-Nassau</a> from 1559, when <a href="/wiki/Philip_II_of_Spain" title="Philip II of Spain">Philip II of Spain</a> appointed <a href="/wiki/William_the_Silent" title="William the Silent">William the Silent</a> (William of Orange) as <a href="/wiki/Stadtholder" title="Stadtholder">a stadtholder</a>, until 1795, when the last stadtholder, <a href="/wiki/William_V,_Prince_of_Orange" title="William V, Prince of Orange">William V, Prince of Orange</a>, fled the country. William the Silent became the leader of the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Revolt" class="mw-redirect" title="Dutch Revolt">Dutch Revolt</a> and of the independent <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Republic" title="Dutch Republic">Dutch Republic</a>. Some of his descendants were later appointed as stadtholders by the provinces and, in 1747, the role of stadtholder became a hereditary position in all provinces of the thus "<a href="/wiki/Crowned_republic" title="Crowned republic">crowned</a>" Dutch Republic. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands" title="Kingdom of the Netherlands">Kingdom of the Netherlands</a> (not to be confused with the constituent country of the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>) has been an hereditary monarchy since 16 March 1815. Following the abdication of his mother <a href="/wiki/Queen_Beatrix" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen Beatrix">Queen Beatrix</a>, <a href="/wiki/Willem-Alexander_of_the_Netherlands" title="Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands">Willem-Alexander</a> has been <a href="/wiki/King_of_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="King of the Netherlands">King of the Netherlands</a> since 30 April 2013. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Succession">Succession</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_the_Netherlands&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Succession"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The monarchy of the Netherlands passes by right of <a href="/wiki/Order_of_succession" title="Order of succession">succession</a> to the heirs of <a href="/wiki/William_I_of_the_Netherlands" title="William I of the Netherlands">William I</a> (see <a href="/wiki/House_of_Orange-Nassau" title="House of Orange-Nassau">House of Orange-Nassau</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-ConsC2Art24_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ConsC2Art24-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Cons 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The heir is determined through two mechanisms: absolute <a href="/wiki/Cognatic_primogeniture" class="mw-redirect" title="Cognatic primogeniture">cognatic primogeniture</a> and <a href="/wiki/Proximity_of_blood" title="Proximity of blood">proximity of blood</a>. The Netherlands established absolute cognatic primogeniture instead of male-preference primogeniture by law in 1983.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (April 2017)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Proximity of blood limits accession to the throne to a person who is related to the current monarch within three degrees of kinship. For example, the grandchildren of <a href="/wiki/Princess_Margriet_of_the_Netherlands" title="Princess Margriet of the Netherlands">Princess Margriet of the Netherlands</a> (sister of <a href="/wiki/Beatrix_of_the_Netherlands" title="Beatrix of the Netherlands">Princess Beatrix</a>) have no succession rights because their kinship with Beatrix when she was queen, was of the fourth degree (that is, Princess Beatrix is their parent's parent's parents' daughter). Succession is limited to <a href="/wiki/Legitimacy_(family_law)" title="Legitimacy (family law)">legitimate</a> heirs, precluding a claim to the throne by children born out of wedlock.<sup id="cite_ref-ConsC2Art25_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ConsC2Art25-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Cons 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> If the king dies while his wife is pregnant: the unborn child is considered the heir at that point, unless stillborn – the child is then considered never to have existed. As such, if the preceding king dies while his wife is pregnant with their first child, the unborn child is immediately considered born and immediately becomes the new king or queen. If the pregnancy ends in stillbirth, his or her reign is expunged (otherwise the existence of the stillborn king/queen would add a degree of separation for other family members to the throne and might suddenly exclude the next person in line for the throne).<sup id="cite_ref-ConsC2Art26_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ConsC2Art26-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Cons 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>If the monarch is a minor, a regent is appointed and serves until the monarch comes of age.<sup id="cite_ref-ConsC2Art33_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ConsC2Art33-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Cons 4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ConsC2Art37_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ConsC2Art37-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Cons 5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The regent is customarily the surviving parent of the monarch but the constitution stipulates that custody and parental authority of the minor monarch will be determined by law; any person might be appointed as regent, as legal guardian or both.<sup id="cite_ref-ConsC2Art34_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ConsC2Art34-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Cons 6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are also a number of special cases within the Constitution. First, if there is no heir when the monarch dies, the States-General may appoint a successor upon the suggestion of the government. This suggestion may be made before the death of the reigning monarch, even by the monarch himself (in case it is clear that the monarch will die without leaving an heir).<sup id="cite_ref-ConsC2Art30_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ConsC2Art30-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Cons 7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Second, some people are excluded from the line of succession. They are: </p> <ul><li>Any heir who marries without the permission of the States-General loses the right of succession.<sup id="cite_ref-ConsC2Art28_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ConsC2Art28-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Cons 8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>A person who is or has become truly undesirable or unfit as monarch can be removed from the line of succession by an act of the States-General, upon suggestion of the reigning monarch.<sup id="cite_ref-ConsC2Art29_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ConsC2Art29-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Cons 9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This clause has never been executed and is considered an "emergency exit". An example would be an heir apparent who commits <a href="/wiki/Treason" title="Treason">treason</a> or suffers an incapacitating accident.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Accession">Accession</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_the_Netherlands&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Accession"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks collapsible expanded"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle" style="font-weight:bold;"><span style="font-size:125%;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Dutch royal family</a></span></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="font-size:95%; line-height:150%; background:lavender;"><div style="padding:0 3em"><span style="font-size:110%;"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Orange-Nassau" title="House of Orange-Nassau">House of Orange-Nassau</a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image" style="border-bottom:1px #aaa solid;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_coat_of_arms_of_the_Netherlands.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Royal_coat_of_arms_of_the_Netherlands.svg/150px-Royal_coat_of_arms_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Royal_coat_of_arms_of_the_Netherlands.svg/225px-Royal_coat_of_arms_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Royal_coat_of_arms_of_the_Netherlands.svg/300px-Royal_coat_of_arms_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="952" data-file-height="1045" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Willem-Alexander_of_the_Netherlands" title="Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands">The King</a> *</b><br /><a href="/wiki/Queen_M%C3%A1xima_of_the_Netherlands" title="Queen Máxima of the Netherlands">The Queen</a> * <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catharina-Amalia,_Princess_of_Orange" title="Catharina-Amalia, Princess of Orange">The Princess of Orange</a> *</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Alexia_of_the_Netherlands" title="Princess Alexia of the Netherlands">Princess Alexia</a> *</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Ariane_of_the_Netherlands" title="Princess Ariane of the Netherlands">Princess Ariane</a> *</li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <p><a href="/wiki/Beatrix_of_the_Netherlands" title="Beatrix of the Netherlands">Princess Beatrix</a> * </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Mabel_of_Orange-Nassau" title="Princess Mabel of Orange-Nassau">Princess Mabel</a> <ul><li>Countess Luana</li> <li>Countess Zaria</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Constantijn_of_the_Netherlands" title="Prince Constantijn of the Netherlands">Prince Constantijn</a> *<br /><a href="/wiki/Princess_Laurentien_of_the_Netherlands" title="Princess Laurentien of the Netherlands">Princess Laurentien</a> * <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Countess_Eloise_of_Orange-Nassau" title="Countess Eloise of Orange-Nassau">Countess Eloise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Count_Claus-Casimir_of_Orange-Nassau" title="Count Claus-Casimir of Orange-Nassau">Count Claus-Casimir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Countess_Leonore_of_Orange-Nassau" title="Countess Leonore of Orange-Nassau">Countess Leonore</a></li></ul></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px #aaa solid; text-align:center; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)">Extended family</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Princess_Irene_of_the_Netherlands" title="Princess Irene of the Netherlands">Princess Irene</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Carlos,_Duke_of_Parma" title="Prince Carlos, Duke of Parma">Prince Carlos de Bourbon de Parme</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Annemarie,_Duchess_of_Parma" title="Annemarie, Duchess of Parma">Princess Annemarie de Bourbon de Parme</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Hugo_de_Bourbon_de_Parme" title="Prince Hugo de Bourbon de Parme">Prince Hugo de Bourbon de Parme</a></li> <li>Princess Luisa de Bourbon de Parme</li> <li>Princess Cecilia de Bourbon de Parme</li> <li>Prince Carlos Enrique de Bourbon de Parme</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Margarita_de_Bourbon_de_Parme" title="Princess Margarita de Bourbon de Parme">Princess Margarita de Bourbon de Parme</a><br /> Mr Tjalling ten Cate</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaime_de_Bourbon_de_Parme" title="Jaime de Bourbon de Parme">Prince Jaime de Bourbon de Parme</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Princess_Vikt%C3%B3ria_de_Bourbon_de_Parme" title="Princess Viktória de Bourbon de Parme">Princess Viktória de Bourbon de Parme</a> <ul><li>Princess Zita de Bourbon de Parme</li> <li>Princess Gloria de Bourbon de Parme</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Carolina_de_Bourbon_de_Parme" title="Princess Carolina de Bourbon de Parme">Princess Carolina de Bourbon de Parme</a> <br /> Mr Albert Brenninkmeijer</li></ul> <hr /> <p><a href="/wiki/Princess_Margriet_of_the_Netherlands" title="Princess Margriet of the Netherlands">Princess Margriet</a> *<br /><a href="/wiki/Pieter_van_Vollenhoven" title="Pieter van Vollenhoven">Professor Pieter van Vollenhoven</a> * </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Maurits_of_Orange-Nassau,_van_Vollenhoven" title="Prince Maurits of Orange-Nassau, van Vollenhoven">Prince Maurits</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Princess_Maril%C3%A8ne_of_Orange-Nassau,_van_Vollenhoven" title="Princess Marilène of Orange-Nassau, van Vollenhoven">Princess Marilène</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Bernhard_of_Orange-Nassau,_van_Vollenhoven" title="Prince Bernhard of Orange-Nassau, van Vollenhoven">Prince Bernhard</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Princess_Annette_of_Orange-Nassau,_van_Vollenhoven-Sekr%C3%A8ve" title="Princess Annette of Orange-Nassau, van Vollenhoven-Sekrève">Princess Annette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Pieter-Christiaan_of_Orange-Nassau,_van_Vollenhoven" title="Prince Pieter-Christiaan of Orange-Nassau, van Vollenhoven">Prince Pieter-Christiaan</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Princess_Anita_of_Orange-Nassau" title="Princess Anita of Orange-Nassau">Princess Anita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Floris_of_Orange-Nassau,_van_Vollenhoven" title="Prince Floris of Orange-Nassau, van Vollenhoven">Prince Floris</a><br />Princess Aimée</li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li>Mr Bernardo Guillermo <br /> Mrs Eva Guillermo</li> <li>Mr Nicolás Guillermo</li> <li>Miss Juliana Guillermo</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="font-weight:normal;"> <i><small>* Member of the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_royal_house" title="Dutch royal house">Dutch royal house</a></small></i></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="padding-top:0"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Dutch_royal_family" title="Template:Dutch royal family"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Dutch_royal_family" title="Template talk:Dutch royal family"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Dutch_royal_family" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Dutch royal family"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>As with most monarchies, the Netherlands cannot be without a monarch – the constitution of the Netherlands does not recognise a situation in which there is no monarch. This is because there must be a <a href="/wiki/Head_of_state" title="Head of state">head of state</a> in order for the government to function, as there must be someone who carries out the tasks of the constitutional role of the King/Queen. For this reason, the new monarch assumes the role the moment the previous monarch ceases to hold the throne. The only exception is if there is no heir at all, in which case the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Council_of_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Dutch Council of State">Council of State</a> assumes the role of the monarch pending the appointment of a monarch or regent.<sup id="cite_ref-ConsC2_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ConsC2-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Cons 10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The monarch is expected to execute his duties and responsibilities for the good of the nation. The monarch must therefore swear to uphold the constitution and execute the office faithfully. The monarch must be sworn in as soon as possible after assuming the throne during a joint session of the States-General held in <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a>. Article 32 of the Dutch constitution describes a swearing-in in "the <a href="/wiki/Capital_city" title="Capital city">capital</a> Amsterdam", which incidentally is the only phrase in the constitution that names Amsterdam as the capital of the Kingdom.<sup id="cite_ref-ConsC2Art32_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ConsC2Art32-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Cons 11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ceremony is called the <a href="/wiki/Inauguration" title="Inauguration">inauguration</a> (<span title="Dutch-language text"><i lang="nl">inhuldiging</i></span>). </p><p>The Dutch monarch is not crowned—although the crown, orb, and sceptre are present at the ceremony—the monarch's swearing of the oath constitutes acceptance of the throne. Also, note that this ceremony does not equal accession to the throne as this would imply a vacancy of the throne between monarchs which is not allowed. The monarch ascends immediately after the previous monarch ceases to reign. The swearing-in only constitutes acceptance in public. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="End_of_a_reign">End of a reign</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_the_Netherlands&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: End of a reign"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The monarch's reign can end in death or abdication. Both of these events cause the regular mechanisms of succession to go into effect.<sup id="cite_ref-ConsC2Art27_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ConsC2Art27-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Cons 12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While the constitution mentions neither possibility explicitly, it does describe what happens after the monarch dies or abdicates. Abdication is a prerogative of the monarch, but it is also irreversible as the person abdicating cannot return to the throne, nor can a child born to a former monarch after an abdication has occurred have a claim to the throne.<sup id="cite_ref-ConsC2Art27_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ConsC2Art27-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Cons 12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The abdicated monarch is legally a Prince or Princess of the Netherlands as well as a Prince or Princess of Orange-Nassau. After their death, legally the deceased monarch (abdicated or not) has no titles. However, after death, the abdicated monarch is traditionally referred to as king or queen again. For example, <a href="/wiki/Juliana_of_the_Netherlands" title="Juliana of the Netherlands">Queen Juliana</a> became queen on 4 September 1948 and princess again on 30 April 1980 following her abdication, but has been referred to as Queen Juliana since her death on 20 March 2004.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Temporary_loss_of_royal_authority">Temporary loss of royal authority</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_the_Netherlands&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Temporary loss of royal authority"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are two ways in which the monarch, without ceasing to be monarch, can be stripped of his or her royal authority: </p> <dl><dt>Voluntary suspension of royal authority</dt> <dd>The monarch temporarily ceases execution of his or her office.</dd> <dt>Removal from royal authority</dt> <dd>The government strips the monarch of his or her royal authority, as he or she is deemed unfit for their tasks.</dd></dl> <p>These cases are both temporary (even if the monarch dies while not executing his office it still counts as temporary) and are described in detail in the constitution. A monarch can temporarily cease to reign for any reason. This can be at his own request or because the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Ministers_of_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Council of Ministers of the Netherlands">Council of Ministers</a> deems the monarch unfit for office.<sup id="cite_ref-ConsC2Art35_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ConsC2Art35-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Cons 13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ConsC2Art36_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ConsC2Art36-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Cons 14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although there can be any reason for the monarch to cede royal authority or be removed from it, both monarch and council are deemed to act responsibly and not leave the execution of the office vacant unnecessarily. Both cases are intended to deal with emergency situations such as physical or mental inability to execute the office of the monarch. </p><p>In both cases, an act of the joint States-General is needed to strip the monarch of authority. In the case of the monarch ceding royal authority, the required act is a law. In case of removal, it is a declaration by the States-General. Formally, both require the normal procedure for passing a new law in the Netherlands.<sup id="cite_ref-ConsC2Art35_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ConsC2Art35-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Cons 13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ConsC2Art36_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ConsC2Art36-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Cons 14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The former case is signed into law by the monarch himself, the latter is not, so technically it is not a law (this is allowed explicitly in the Constitution since the monarch who is being stripped of his authority will probably not agree to sign the act of his removal, and—in the case of the States-General removing a monarch who has become unfit due to mental or physical incapacitation—may not be able to). </p><p>Since neither ceding nor removal is permanent, neither triggers succession. Instead, the States-General appoint a regent. This must be the heir apparent if he or she is old enough.<sup id="cite_ref-ConsC2Art37_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ConsC2Art37-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Cons 5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In order for the monarch to resume his duties, a law (which is signed by the regent) must be passed to that effect. The monarch resumes the throne the moment the law of his return is made public.<sup id="cite_ref-ConsC2Art35_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ConsC2Art35-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Cons 13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ConsC2Art36_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ConsC2Art36-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Cons 14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_monarch_and_the_government">The monarch and the government</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_the_Netherlands&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: The monarch and the government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although the monarch has roles and duties in all parts of the government and in several important places in the rest of society, the primary role of the monarch is within the <a href="/wiki/Executive_(government)" title="Executive (government)">executive branch</a> of the Dutch government: the monarch is part of the <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_the_Netherlands" title="Cabinet of the Netherlands">government of the Netherlands</a>. </p><p>The role of the monarch within the government of the Netherlands is described in Article 42 of the constitution:<sup id="cite_ref-ConsC2Art42_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ConsC2Art42-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Cons 15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1157697682">.mw-parser-output .verse_translation .translated{padding-left:2em!important}@media only screen and (max-width:43.75em){.mw-parser-output .verse_translation.wrap_when_small td{display:block;padding-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .verse_translation.wrap_when_small .translated{padding-left:0.5em!important}}</style> <table role="presentation" class="verse_translation" style="margin-left:1em !important"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td><div style="font-style:italic;text-align:left" lang="nl" class="poem"> <p>1. De regering wordt gevormd door de Koning en de ministers.<br /> 2. De Koning is onschendbaar; de ministers zijn verantwoordelijk. </p> </div> </td> <td class="translated"><div style="font-style:roman;text-align:left" lang="" class="poem"> <p>1. The government consists of the King and the ministers.<br /> 2. The King is inviolable; the ministers are responsible. </p> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>This article is the basis of the full power and influence of the monarch and makes him beyond reproach before the law, but also limits his practical power, as he can take no responsibility for it. </p><p>The first paragraph of Article 42 determines that the government of the Netherlands consists of the monarch and his ministers. The monarch is according to this article not the head of government; the ministers are not answerable to the monarch within the government.<sup id="cite_ref-ConsC2Art46_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ConsC2Art46-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Cons 16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ConsC2Art45_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ConsC2Art45-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Cons 17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is no distinction, no dichotomy, no segregation or separation: the monarch and his ministers <i>are</i> the government and the government is one.<sup id="cite_ref-DeGrondwetArt42-49_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DeGrondwetArt42-49-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>ext 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This fact has practical consequences, in that it is not possible for the monarch and the ministers to be in disagreement. The government speaks with one voice and makes decisions as a united body. When the monarch acts in an executive capacity, he does so as a representative of the united government. And when the government decides, the monarch is in agreement (even if the monarch personally disagrees). As an ultimate consequence of this, it is not possible for the monarch to refuse to sign into law a proposal of law that has been agreed to and signed by the responsible minister. Such a disagreement between the monarch and his minister is a situation not covered by the constitution and is automatically a <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_crisis" title="Constitutional crisis">constitutional crisis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-DeGrondwetArt42-49_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DeGrondwetArt42-49-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>ext 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The second paragraph of the article, though, is what really renders the monarch powerless. This paragraph states that the monarch is inviolable. He is beyond any reproach, beyond the grasp of any prosecution (criminal or otherwise) for any acts committed or actions taken as monarch. If anything goes wrong, the minister responsible for the topic at hand is responsible for the failings of the monarch. This sounds like it makes the monarch an absolute tyrant, but in fact, the opposite is true: since the ministers are responsible, they also have the authority to make the decisions. The ministers set the course of the government and the country, and the ministers make executive decisions and run the affairs of the state. And since the government is one, the monarch abides by the decision of the ministers. In fact, the monarchs of the Netherlands rarely make any executive decisions at all and practically never speak in public on any subject other than to read a statement prepared by the Prime Minister (since an unfortunate off-the-cuff remark could get a minister into trouble). The practical consequence of this limit on the power of the monarch is that the monarch never makes a decision on his own. Every decision, every decree must be countersigned by the responsible minister(s).<sup id="cite_ref-DeGrondwetArt42-49_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DeGrondwetArt42-49-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>ext 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_monarch_and_the_law_of_the_land">The monarch and the law of the land</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_the_Netherlands&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: The monarch and the law of the land"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Technically, the monarch has a lot of practical power. For instance, no proposal of law actually becomes law until signed by the monarch – and there is no legal requirement for the monarch to sign.<sup id="cite_ref-ConsC5Art87_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ConsC5Art87-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Cons 18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In practice, the monarch will always give assent since most proposals of law are made by the government "by or on behalf of the King".<sup id="cite_ref-ConsC5Art82_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ConsC5Art82-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Cons 19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> And while proposals of law must be <i>approved</i> by the States-General, a lot of the practical running of the country is done by <a href="/wiki/Decree" title="Decree">royal decree</a> (in Dutch: <i>Koninklijk Besluit</i>). These royal decrees are used for all sorts of things, ranging from appointments of civil servants and military officers to clarifications of how public policy is to be executed to filling in the details of certain laws. Royal decrees create <a href="/wiki/Ministry_(government_department)" title="Ministry (government department)">ministries</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-ConsC2Art44_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ConsC2Art44-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Cons 20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dissolve the houses of the States-General,<sup id="cite_ref-ConsC3Art64_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ConsC3Art64-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Cons 21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and appoint & fire ministers.<sup id="cite_ref-ConsC2Art43_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ConsC2Art43-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Cons 22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, royal decrees are made by the responsible minister. And while the monarch must sign laws and royal decrees before they come into effect, the constitution determines that the responsible ministers and <a href="/wiki/State_secretary" class="mw-redirect" title="State secretary">state secretaries</a> must countersign.<sup id="cite_ref-ConsC2Art47_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ConsC2Art47-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Cons 23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That, given the fact that the ministers have the authority, really means that they decide and it is the monarch who countersigns (the minister asks the monarch for permission, that is, royal authority, and as an upholder of the Constitution, the monarch signs first; the minister is politically responsible for the Act and countersigns. This is an Act of the Crown: monarch and minister together). Even that is a formality. Also, while the monarch may technically propose laws ("by or on behalf of the King"), ministerial responsibility means that he never does. And even though the government may refuse to sign a States-General approved proposal into law, this is practically unheard of and the monarch refusing to sign on his own is even rarer (and would cause a constitutional crisis).<sup id="cite_ref-DeGrondwetH5_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DeGrondwetH5-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>ext 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There is one special case in which the monarch has, if possible, even less power than normal: the appointment of his ministers. Ministers are appointed by royal decree, which has to be countersigned by the responsible minister. The royal decree to appoint a minister, however, is countersigned by <i>two</i> responsible ministers rather than one: the outgoing minister responsible for the ministry and the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_Netherlands" title="Prime Minister of the Netherlands">Prime Minister</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ConsC2Art48_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ConsC2Art48-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Cons 24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Formation_of_the_government">Formation of the government</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_the_Netherlands&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Formation of the government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Though the powers of the monarch of the Netherlands are limited, he or she does not have a ceremonial role. The monarch has a role relating to the formation of a new government after <a href="/wiki/General_election" title="General election">parliamentary elections</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> This power is not directed in the constitution.<sup id="cite_ref-DeGrondwetArt42-49_19-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DeGrondwetArt42-49-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>ext 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the parliamentary election, there follows a period of time in which the leaders of the political parties in parliament seek to form a coalition of parties that can command a majority of the newly elected parliament. The current nationwide party-list system, combined with a low threshold for getting a seat (two-thirds of one percent of the vote), makes it all but impossible for one party to win an outright majority. Thus, the bargaining required to put together a governing coalition is as important as the election itself. </p><p>This process of negotiations, which can last anywhere from two to four months (more on occasion), is coordinated in the initial stages by one or more <a href="/wiki/Informateur" class="mw-redirect" title="Informateur">informateurs</a>, whose duty it is to investigate and report upon viable coalitions. After a likely combination is found, a <a href="/wiki/Formateur" title="Formateur">formateur</a> is appointed to conduct the formal coalition negotiations and form a new Council of Ministers (of which the formateur himself usually becomes the Prime Minister). If the negotiations fail, the cycle starts over. The informateurs and formateur in question are all appointed to this task by the monarch. The monarch makes his own decision in this, based on advice from the leaders of the different parties in parliament, as well as other important figures (the speakers of the new parliament and the senate are among them).<sup id="cite_ref-DeGrondwetArt42-49_19-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DeGrondwetArt42-49-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>ext 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There is usually some popular discussion in the Netherlands around the time of these negotiations about whether the authority of the monarch in this matter should not be limited and whether or not the newly elected parliament should not make the appointments that the monarch makes. These discussions usually turn (to varying degrees) on the argument that a decision by a monarch is <a href="/wiki/Democracy" title="Democracy">undemocratic</a> and there is no parliamentary oversight over the decision and the monarch might make use of this to push for a government of his or her liking. </p><p>On the other hand, it is somewhat questionable that the monarch really has much opportunity here to exert any influence. The informateur is there to investigate possible coalitions and report on them. He could technically seek "favourable" coalitions, but the political parties involved are usually quite clear on what they want and do not want and the first choice for coalition almost always is the coalition of preference of the largest party in the new parliament. Besides, the monarchs and (particularly) the queens have traditionally known better than to appoint controversial informateurs, usually settling for well-established yet fairly neutral people in the political arena (the deputy chairman of the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Council_of_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Dutch Council of State">Dutch Council of State</a> is a common choice). Once a potential coalition has been identified the monarch technically has free rein in selecting a formateur. However, the formateur almost always becomes the next prime minister, and in any case, it is a strong convention that a government must command the support of a majority of the House of Representatives in order to stay in office. These considerations mean that the selected formateur is always the party leader of the largest party in the potential coalition.<sup id="cite_ref-DeGrondwetArt42-49_19-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DeGrondwetArt42-49-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>ext 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, in March 2012 the States-General altered its own procedures, such that any subsequent government formation is done without the monarch's influence.<sup id="cite_ref-nos1_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nos1-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>ext 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> No more than a month later, the government coalition collapsed,<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>ext 4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> triggering early <a href="/wiki/2012_Dutch_general_election" title="2012 Dutch general election">elections in September 2012</a>. As no formal procedures had been outlined as to how a government formation without monarch should take place, it was initially feared the subsequent government formation would be chaotic.<sup id="cite_ref-nos1_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nos1-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>ext 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, a new government coalition was formed within 54 days – surprisingly early for Dutch standards.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>ext 5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Instead of the monarch, the Speaker of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_(Netherlands)" title="House of Representatives (Netherlands)">House of Representatives</a> appointed the informateur – whose function was renamed to 'scout'.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>ext 6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the negotiations, the installation ceremony of ministers – the only duty still left to the monarch – was held in public for the first time in history.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>ext 7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_monarch_and_the_States-General">The monarch and the States-General</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_the_Netherlands&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: The monarch and the States-General"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Koninklijk_Koetsier_2013_74.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Koninklijk_Koetsier_2013_74.JPG/220px-Koninklijk_Koetsier_2013_74.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="390" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Koninklijk_Koetsier_2013_74.JPG/330px-Koninklijk_Koetsier_2013_74.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Koninklijk_Koetsier_2013_74.JPG/440px-Koninklijk_Koetsier_2013_74.JPG 2x" data-file-width="555" data-file-height="985" /></a><figcaption>The Dutch Court is still known for their old traditions.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Open_Monumenten_Dag_2010_(4983870910).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Open_Monumenten_Dag_2010_%284983870910%29.jpg/220px-Open_Monumenten_Dag_2010_%284983870910%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Open_Monumenten_Dag_2010_%284983870910%29.jpg/330px-Open_Monumenten_Dag_2010_%284983870910%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Open_Monumenten_Dag_2010_%284983870910%29.jpg/440px-Open_Monumenten_Dag_2010_%284983870910%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2335" data-file-height="1527" /></a><figcaption>The throne of the <a href="/wiki/Ridderzaal" title="Ridderzaal">Ridderzaal</a>, from which the Dutch monarch delivers the Throne Speech on <a href="/wiki/Prinsjesdag" title="Prinsjesdag">Prinsjesdag</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The one branch of government over which the monarch has no control is the legislative branch, formed by the <a href="/wiki/States-General_of_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="States-General of the Netherlands">States-General of the Netherlands</a>. This parliamentary body consists of two chambers, the <i><a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_(Netherlands)" title="House of Representatives (Netherlands)">House of Representatives</a></i> (also commonly referred to as <i>Parliament</i>) and the <i><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Senate of the Netherlands">Senate</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-ConsC3Art51_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ConsC3Art51-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Cons 25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As in most <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_democracy" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliamentary democracy">parliamentary democracies</a>, the States-General are dually responsible for overseeing the government in its executive duties as well as approving proposals of law before they can become as such. In this respect, it is vital for the government to maintain good relations with the States-General and technically the monarch shares in that effort (although the monarch never officially speaks to members of the States-General on policy matters due to ministerial responsibility).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Constitutionally, the monarch deals with the States-General in three areas: lawmaking, policy outlining at the opening of the parliamentary year and dissolution. </p><p>Of the three, policy outlining is the most straightforward. The parliamentary year is opened on the third Tuesday of September with a joint session of both houses.<sup id="cite_ref-ConsC3Art65_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ConsC3Art65-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Cons 26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At this occasion the monarch addresses the joint states in a speech in which he sets forth the outlines for his government's policies for the coming year (the speech itself is prepared by the ministers, their ministries and finally crafted and approved by the prime minister). This event is mandated by the constitution in Article 65. Tradition has made more of this occasion than a policy speech though, and the event known as <i><a href="/wiki/Prinsjesdag" title="Prinsjesdag">Prinsjesdag</a></i> has become a large affair with much pomp and circumstance, in which the States-General and other major bodies of government assemble in the <i><a href="/wiki/Ridderzaal" title="Ridderzaal">Ridderzaal</a></i> to hear the King deliver the <a href="/wiki/Speech_from_the_throne" title="Speech from the throne">speech from the throne</a> after having arrived from the <a href="/wiki/Noordeinde_Palace" title="Noordeinde Palace">Noordeinde Palace</a> in his <a href="/wiki/Golden_Coach_(Netherlands)" title="Golden Coach (Netherlands)">golden carriage</a>. Both in constitutional aspects and in ceremony the event has much in common with both the British <a href="/wiki/State_Opening_of_Parliament" title="State Opening of Parliament">State Opening of Parliament</a> and the American <a href="/wiki/State_of_the_Union" title="State of the Union">State of the Union</a>. </p><p>Lawmaking is the area in which the monarch has the most frequent involvement with the States-General (although he still has very little to do with it in practice). Laws in the Netherlands are primarily proposed by the government "by or on behalf of" the monarch (this phrase is repeated often in the constitution).<sup id="cite_ref-ConsC5Art87_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ConsC5Art87-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Cons 18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Technically, this means that the monarch may propose laws in person, hearkening back to the days of the first monarchs of the Netherlands when monarchs really could and did control this. However, this possibility is at odds with ministerial responsibility and modern monarchs have always avoided the issue by never proposing laws personally. The monarch must still sign proposals into law though, as historical deference to the fact that the law of the land is decreed by the monarch. </p><p>While the king has no practical involvement anymore in lawmaking other than a signature at the end, one might get a different impression from reading the communications between the government and the States-General regarding such affairs. All communication from the States-General to the government is addressed to the monarch and correspondence in the opposite direction formally from the monarch (it is also signed by the monarch, without a ministerial countersignature – such communication is not a decision or decree, so does not require a countersignature). The formal language still shows deference to the position of the monarch, with a refusal of the States-General to approve a proposal of law for example becoming "a request to the King to reconsider the proposal". The constitution prescribes a number of the forms used:<sup id="cite_ref-ConsAddArtXIX_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ConsAddArtXIX-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Cons 27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>If the government accepts a proposal of law and signs it into law, the language is that "The King accedes to the proposal".</li> <li>If the government refuses a proposal of law, the language is that "The King shall keep the proposal under advisement".</li></ul> <p>A law, once passed, is formulated in such a way as to be decreed by the monarch. </p><p>The final involvement of the monarch with the States is <a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_parliament" title="Dissolution of parliament">dissolution</a>. Constitutionally, the government is empowered to dissolve either house of the states by royal decree. This means that a minister (usually the prime minister) makes the decision and the monarch countersigns. The signing of such a royal decree constitutionally implies new elections for the house in question and the formation of a new house within three months of dissolution.<sup id="cite_ref-ConsC3Art64_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ConsC3Art64-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Cons 21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The constitution prescribes a number of cases in which one or more houses of the States are dissolved (particularly for changes to the constitution); this is always done by royal decree. In addition, traditionally a collapse of the government is followed by dissolution of the House of Representatives and general elections. Before <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, before it became common to form new governments with each new parliament, it would happen from time to time that a Council of Ministers found itself suddenly facing a new and unfriendly parliament. When the inevitable clash came, it was an established political trick for the Prime Minister to attempt to resolve the problem by dissolving the parliament in name of the monarch in the hope that new elections brought a more favourable parliament (but it was also possible for the trick to backfire, in which case the new, equally hostile and far more angry parliament would suspend the budget to force the resignation of the government). </p><p>Even though the monarch never speaks with members of the States-General formally, it was tradition until 1999 that the queen would invite the members of parliament a few times a year for informal talks about the general state of affairs in the country. These conversations were held in the strictest confidence due to ministerial responsibility. The tradition was suspended in 1999 though, after repeated incidents in which MPs divulged the contents of the conversations, despite agreeing not to (and embarrassing the Prime Minister in doing so). In 2009, an attempt was made to resume the tradition, this failed however when <a href="/wiki/Arend_Jan_Boekestijn" title="Arend Jan Boekestijn">Arend Jan Boekestijn</a> disclosed to the press contents of a private conversation he had with the <a href="/wiki/Beatrix_of_the_Netherlands" title="Beatrix of the Netherlands">Queen</a>. Boekestinjin resigned shortly after being exposed as the source.<sup id="cite_ref-ResAJB_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ResAJB-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>ext 8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_functions_of_the_monarch">Other functions of the monarch</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_the_Netherlands&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Other functions of the monarch"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The monarch has several functions in addition to the duties and responsibilities described in previous sections. Some of these are (partly) constitutional; others are more traditional in nature. </p><p>The monarch is the <a href="/wiki/Head_of_state" title="Head of state">head of state</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands" title="Kingdom of the Netherlands">Kingdom of the Netherlands</a>. As such, the monarch is the face of the kingdom toward the world: <a href="/wiki/Ambassador" title="Ambassador">ambassadors</a> of the Netherlands are emissaries of the monarch, foreign ambassadors represent foreign heads of state to the monarch. It is the monarch that makes official <a href="/wiki/State_visit" title="State visit">state visits</a> to foreign heads of state as representative of the Netherlands. He or She represents the monarch whose face is shown on Dutch <a href="/wiki/Postage_stamp" title="Postage stamp">stamps</a> and Dutch <a href="/wiki/Euro_coin" class="mw-redirect" title="Euro coin">euro coins</a>. </p><p>Constitutionally, the monarch is the head of the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Council_of_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Dutch Council of State">Dutch Council of State</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ConsC4Art74_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ConsC4Art74-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Cons 28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The council is a constitutional body of the Netherlands that serves two purposes. First, it is an advisory council to the government which advises on the desirability, practicability and constitutionality of new proposals of law. </p><p>Second, it is the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_court" title="Supreme court">Supreme court</a> for the Netherlands in matters of <a href="/wiki/Administrative_law" title="Administrative law">administrative law</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ConsC4Art73_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ConsC4Art73-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Cons 29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The position of the monarch as constitutional head of this Council means two things for the constitutional position of the monarch:<sup id="cite_ref-DeGrondwetArt62-80_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DeGrondwetArt62-80-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>ext 9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ol><li>The monarch is constitutionally and directly involved with practically all aspects of lawmaking except approval by the States-General (which is representative of the electorate). From inception of the law through proposal to the States to finally signing into law, the monarch is involved. This involvement is derived from the days when the monarch was an <a href="/wiki/Absolute_ruler" class="mw-redirect" title="Absolute ruler">absolute ruler</a> and really made law. Originally, with the creation of the first constitutions, the monarchs strove to maintain power by maximum involvement with all aspects of lawmaking. Over time this has grown into a more advisory role.</li> <li>The monarch is constitutionally involved with at least part of the judicial branch of government as well.</li></ol> <p>The role played by the monarch in the council is largely theoretical due to ministerial responsibility. While the monarch is officially chairman of the council, in practice the king never votes in Council meetings and always turns over his responsibility as chair of the meetings to the deputy head of the council. He is still presumed to be part of the discussions, though.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Despite the limitations on the role the monarch may play in the council, his involvement is seen as valuable due to the experience and knowledge that a monarch accrues over the years. Reciprocally, being part of the Council deliberations is considered invaluable training and preparation for the role of monarch, which is why the heir-apparent is constitutionally an observer-member of the council from the time he comes of age.<sup id="cite_ref-ConsC4Art74_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ConsC4Art74-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Cons 28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The monarch is also the Grand Master of the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_honours_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Dutch honours system">Dutch orders of knighthoods</a>: the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Orange-Nassau" title="Order of Orange-Nassau">Order of Orange-Nassau</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-WION_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WION-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Law 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Netherlands_Lion" title="Order of the Netherlands Lion">Order of the Netherlands Lion</a><sup id="cite_ref-WINL_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WINL-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Law 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/Military_William_Order" class="mw-redirect" title="Military William Order">Military William Order</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-WIMWO_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WIMWO-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Law 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Lastly, the monarch plays a prominent but equally unofficial role in the running of the country as an adviser and confidant to the government. This duty traditionally takes the form of a weekly meeting between the Prime Minister and the monarch in which they discuss government affairs of the week, the plans of the cabinet, and so on. It is assumed that the monarch exerts most of his influence (such as it is) in these meetings, in that he can bring his knowledge and experience to bear on what he tells the Prime Minister. In the case of Queen Beatrix, several former Prime Ministers have remarked that her case knowledge of each and every dossier is extensive and that she makes sure to be fully aware of all the details surrounding everything that arrives on her desk.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Perhaps somewhat surprisingly for a monarchy, the monarch is not the <a href="/wiki/Commander-in-chief" title="Commander-in-chief">commander-in-chief</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Military_of_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of the Netherlands">military of the Netherlands</a> (not even nominally). He was until 1983, but a large overhaul of the constitution that year shifted supreme command of the armed forces to the government as a whole.<sup id="cite_ref-ConsC5Art97_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ConsC5Art97-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Cons 30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In contrast to most monarchies, this required Willem-Alexander to resign from his (brigadier general level) ranks in all military branches when he ascended the throne. At that occasion the special <a href="/wiki/Military_ranks_of_the_Netherlands_armed_forces#Royal_distinctive" title="Military ranks of the Netherlands armed forces">Royal distinctive</a> was created that the king could wear on his uniforms to show his lasting relation with the armed forces. This is however no formal rank. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Remuneration_and_privileges">Remuneration and privileges</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_the_Netherlands&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Remuneration and privileges"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Stipend">Stipend</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_the_Netherlands&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Stipend"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Article 40 of the constitution states that the monarch is to receive an annual <a href="/wiki/Stipend" title="Stipend">stipend</a> from the kingdom (in other words <a href="/wiki/Wage" title="Wage">wages</a>, except that it cannot be called that since it implies the monarch is employed by the government, but rather it is the opposite). The exact rules surrounding these stipends are to be determined by law, as is the list of members of the royal house who also receive them.<sup id="cite_ref-ConsC2Art40_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ConsC2Art40-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Cons 31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Under current Dutch law the monarch receives their annual stipend which is part of the annual budget, as do the heir-apparent (if of age), the spouse of the monarch, the spouse of the heir-apparent, the former monarch, and the spouse of the former monarch.<sup id="cite_ref-FinStat_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FinStat-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Law 4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In practice, as of June 2019, this means King Willem-Alexander, Queen Maxima, and Princess Beatrix. The monarch receives this stipend constitutionally, the others because they are not allowed to work for anybody due to their positions. For example, the recipients of royal stipends in 2009 were Queen Beatrix (€813,000), Prince Willem-Alexander (the heir-apparent; €241,000) and Princess Máxima (€241,000)).<sup id="cite_ref-Begr2009MvT_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Begr2009MvT-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Law 5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For 2017 the stipends were; for the King €888,000, for the Queen €352,000, and for Princess Beatrix €502,000. These personal stipends are in addition to an allowance for each of those named to meet official expenditure, these were set at €4.6 million for the King, €606,000 for the Queen and just over €1 million for Princess Beatrix.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This stipend is linked to the development of the wages of Dutch <a href="/wiki/Civil_servant" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil servant">civil servants</a>. At the beginning of 2009 there was some upset in the parliament about the cost of the royal house and the lack of insight into the structure of those costs. At the insistence of the parliament the development of the stipends of the royal house members was then linked to the development of the salaries of the Dutch civil servants. During 2009 it was agreed collectively that the civil servants would receive a pay increase of 1%. In September 2009, at the first budget debate in parliament during the economic crisis, it was pointed out to the parliament that their earlier decision meant that the stipend to the queen would now also increase. This in turn was reason for the parliament to be displeased again. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Royal_privileges">Royal privileges</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_the_Netherlands&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Royal privileges"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_train_to_Tilburg_-_Netherlands_(51166629299).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Royal_train_to_Tilburg_-_Netherlands_%2851166629299%29.jpg/220px-Royal_train_to_Tilburg_-_Netherlands_%2851166629299%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Royal_train_to_Tilburg_-_Netherlands_%2851166629299%29.jpg/330px-Royal_train_to_Tilburg_-_Netherlands_%2851166629299%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Royal_train_to_Tilburg_-_Netherlands_%2851166629299%29.jpg/440px-Royal_train_to_Tilburg_-_Netherlands_%2851166629299%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7087" data-file-height="4724" /></a><figcaption>The Dutch monarchy's royal train in 2017</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Taxation">Taxation</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_the_Netherlands&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Taxation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Under the constitution, royal house members receiving a stipend are exempt from <a href="/wiki/Income_tax" title="Income tax">income tax</a> over that stipend.<sup id="cite_ref-ConsC2Art40_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ConsC2Art40-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Cons 31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They are also exempt from all personal <a href="/wiki/Tax" title="Tax">taxes</a> over assets and possessions that they use or need in the execution of their functions for the kingdom.<sup id="cite_ref-ConsC2Art40_44-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ConsC2Art40-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Cons 31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The monarch and the heir-apparent are exempt from <a href="/wiki/Inheritance_tax" title="Inheritance tax">inheritance tax</a> on inheritances received from members of the royal house.<sup id="cite_ref-ConsC2Art40_44-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ConsC2Art40-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Cons 31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Palaces">Palaces</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_the_Netherlands&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Palaces"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The monarch has the use of <a href="/wiki/Huis_ten_Bosch" title="Huis ten Bosch">Huis ten Bosch</a> and <a href="/wiki/Noordeinde_Palace" title="Noordeinde Palace">Noordeinde Palace</a> in <a href="/wiki/The_Hague" title="The Hague">The Hague</a> as a residence and work palace, respectively. The <a href="/wiki/Royal_Palace_of_Amsterdam" title="Royal Palace of Amsterdam">Royal Palace of Amsterdam</a> is also at the disposal of the monarch (although it is only used for state visits and is open to the public when not in use for that purpose), as is <a href="/wiki/Soestdijk_Palace" title="Soestdijk Palace">Soestdijk Palace</a> near <a href="/wiki/Baarn" title="Baarn">Baarn</a> (which is open to the public and not in official use at all at this time).<sup id="cite_ref-Kroondomein_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kroondomein-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Law 6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Transportation">Transportation</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_the_Netherlands&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Transportation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In addition to a small fleet of cars (on which the <a href="/wiki/Flags_of_the_Dutch_royal_family" title="Flags of the Dutch royal family">Royal Standard</a> may be displayed), the monarch has a private three-car <a href="/wiki/Royal_train#The_Netherlands" title="Royal train">royal train</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>ext 10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For train journeys, the monarch has access to <a href="/wiki/Royal_waiting_room#The_Netherlands" title="Royal waiting room">royal waiting rooms</a> at three train stations: <a href="/wiki/Den_Haag_HS_railway_station" title="Den Haag HS railway station">Den Haag HS railway station</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam_Centraal_station" title="Amsterdam Centraal station">Amsterdam Centraal station</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Baarn_railway_station" title="Baarn railway station">Baarn railway station</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The monarch also has access to a <a href="/wiki/Boeing_Business_Jet#Narrow_body" title="Boeing Business Jet">Boeing 737 Business Jet</a> available to the Dutch government as a whole, which King Willem-Alexander is licensed to fly.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Lèse-majesté"><span id="L.C3.A8se-majest.C3.A9"></span>Lèse-majesté</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_the_Netherlands&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Lèse-majesté"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Historically the Dutch monarch was protected by law against <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A8se-majest%C3%A9" title="Lèse-majesté">Lèse-majesté</a>. The Netherlands was amongst the last remaining monarchies in Europe to actively prosecute citizens for publicly insulting the reigning sovereign or members of their immediate family,<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although the sentences tend to be light. According to Dutch TV, in total 18 prosecutions were brought under the law between 2000 and 2012, half of which resulted in convictions.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lèse-majesty in the Netherlands was formally abolished as of 1 January 2020. However, insulting the Monarch, the Royal Consort, the heir apparent or their consort, or the Regent, is still punishable on the same level as denigrating public officials acting in their official capacity, punishable by up to three months in prison and/or a fine.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Positions_of_other_members_of_the_royal_house_and_royal_family">Positions of other members of the royal house and royal family</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_the_Netherlands&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Positions of other members of the royal house and royal family"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The royal family has become quite extensive since the birth of <a href="/wiki/Queen_Juliana" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen Juliana">Queen Juliana</a>'s children. By consequence so has the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_royal_house" title="Dutch royal house">Dutch royal house</a> (nominally the collection of persons in line for the throne and their spouses), to the extent that membership of the royal house was limited by a change in the law in 2002.<sup id="cite_ref-LidKH_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LidKH-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Law 7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Despite being a large clan, the family as a whole has very little to do officially with Dutch government or the running of the Netherlands. Constitutionally, an important role is played by the monarch. The heir-apparent is deemed to be preparing for an eventual ascent to the throne, so there are some limited tasks and a number of limits on them (particularly he/she cannot hold a paying job, since this might lead to entanglements later on). Since neither the monarch nor the heir-apparent may hold jobs, they receive a stipend from the government. Their spouses are similarly forbidden from earning an income and receive a stipend as well. But constitutionally that is the whole of the involvement of the royal family with the Dutch government. </p><p>In particular, members of the royal house other than the monarch and the heir-apparent have no official tasks within the Dutch government and do not receive stipends. They are responsible for their own conduct and their own income. They may be asked to stand in from time to time such as to accompany the monarch on a state visit if the consort is ill, but this is always a personal favor and not an official duty. In addition, they are not exempt from taxation. </p><p>Many members of the royal family hold (or have held) significant positions within <a href="/wiki/Civil_society" title="Civil society">civil society</a>, usually functioning as head or spokesperson of one or more <a href="/wiki/Charitable_organization" title="Charitable organization">charitable organizations</a>, patron of the arts and similar endeavors. Some members of the royal family are also (or have been) avid supporters of some personal cause; <a href="/wiki/Prince_Bernhard_of_Lippe-Biesterfeld" title="Prince Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld">Prince Bernhard</a> for instance was always passionate about the treatment of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> veterans and <a href="/wiki/Princess_Margriet_of_the_Netherlands" title="Princess Margriet of the Netherlands">Princess Margriet</a> (who was born in Canada) has a special relationship with Canadian veterans specifically. As a rule of thumb, the members of the royal family who are contemporaries of Princess Beatrix tend to hold civil society positions as a primary occupation whereas younger family members hold these positions in conjunction with a regular, paying job. A notable exception to this rule is <a href="/wiki/Pieter_van_Vollenhoven" title="Pieter van Vollenhoven">Pieter van Vollenhoven</a> (husband to Princess Margriet), who was chairman of the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Safety_Board" title="Dutch Safety Board">Dutch Safety Board</a> until his retirement. </p><p>As noted earlier, the spouses of the monarch and the heir-apparent are forbidden from holding paying jobs or government responsibilities. This is to prevent any monetary entanglements or undue influences involving the current and future monarchs. These legal limits were not a great problem when they were instituted in the 19th century; The Netherlands had kings and it was considered normal for a married woman to tend the household, raise the family and not to hold any position outside the home. The limits have been more problematic since the early 20th century, when the monarchy of the Netherlands passed to a series of queens and the consorts became men, starting with <a href="/wiki/Duke_Henry_of_Mecklenburg-Schwerin" title="Duke Henry of Mecklenburg-Schwerin">Prince Hendrik</a> in 1901. The male consorts since then have all either been raised with an expectation of government responsibility (such as Prince Hendrik), or had established careers of their own before marrying the future queen (Prince Bernhard and <a href="/wiki/Prince_Claus_of_the_Netherlands" title="Prince Claus of the Netherlands">Prince Claus</a>). Upon marrying into the Dutch royal family they all found themselves severely restricted in their freedom to act and make use of their abilities. All of the male consorts have been involved in some form of difficulty or another (scandals involving <a href="/wiki/Infidelity" title="Infidelity">infidelity</a> and finances in the cases of Hendrik and Bernhard, deep <a href="/wiki/Depression_(mood)" title="Depression (mood)">depression</a> in the case of Claus) and it has been widely speculated (and even generally accepted) that sheer boredom played at least a part in all of these difficulties. </p><p>Over time the restrictions on royal consorts have eased somewhat. Prince Hendrik was allowed no part or role in the Netherlands whatsoever. Due to his war efforts, Prince Bernhard was made <a href="/wiki/Inspector_General" class="mw-redirect" title="Inspector General">Inspector General</a> of the Dutch armed forces (although that role was created for him) and was an unofficial ambassador for the Netherlands who leveraged his wartime contacts to help Dutch industry. All that came to a halt in 1976, however, after the <a href="/wiki/Lockheed_bribery_scandals" title="Lockheed bribery scandals">Lockheed bribery scandals</a>. Prince Claus was allowed more leeway still after having established himself in Dutch society (he was unpopular at first, being a German marrying into the royal family after World War II); he was eventually given an advisorship within the <a href="/wiki/Minister_for_Development_Cooperation" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister for Development Cooperation">Ministry for Development Cooperation</a> pertaining to Africa, where he made good use of his experiences as a German diplomat in that continent. Nevertheless, neither Bernhard nor Claus ever fully got over the restrictive nature of their marriages and at the time of the royal wedding in 2002 it was broadly agreed in government circles that <a href="/wiki/Queen_M%C3%A1xima_of_the_Netherlands" title="Queen Máxima of the Netherlands">Queen Máxima</a> (who had a career in banking before marrying King Willem-Alexander) should be allowed far more leeway if she desires. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Deceased_members_of_the_Dutch_royal_family_since_William_I">Deceased members of the Dutch royal family since William I</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_the_Netherlands&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Deceased members of the Dutch royal family since William I"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Ernest_Casimir_of_the_Netherlands" title="Prince Ernest Casimir of the Netherlands">Prince Ernest Casimir of the Netherlands</a> (son of William II, died in 1822);</li> <li>Prince Frederik Nicholaas of the Netherlands (grandson of William I, died in 1834);</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelmine_of_Prussia,_Queen_of_the_Netherlands" title="Wilhelmine of Prussia, Queen of the Netherlands">Queen Wilhelmine</a> (first wife of William I, died in 1837);</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_I_of_the_Netherlands" title="William I of the Netherlands">King William I, Count of Nassau</a> (died in 1843);</li> <li>Prince Willem Frederik of the Netherlands (grandson of William I, died in 1846);</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Alexander_of_the_Netherlands" title="Prince Alexander of the Netherlands">Prince Alexander of the Netherlands</a> (son of William II, died in 1848);</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_II_of_the_Netherlands" title="William II of the Netherlands">King William II</a> (son of William I, died in 1849);</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Maurice_of_the_Netherlands" title="Prince Maurice of the Netherlands">Prince Maurice of the Netherlands</a> (son of William III, died in 1850);</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henrietta_d%27Oultremont" title="Henrietta d'Oultremont">Henrietta, Countess of Nassau</a> (widow of William I, died in 1864);</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Pavlovna_of_Russia" title="Anna Pavlovna of Russia">Queen Dowager Anna</a> (widow of William II, died in 1865);</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Louise_of_Prussia_(1808%E2%80%931870)" title="Princess Louise of Prussia (1808–1870)">Louise, Princess Frederick of the Netherlands</a> (wife of Prince Frederick, son of William I, died in 1870);</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_of_the_Netherlands" title="Louise of the Netherlands">Queen Louise of Sweden and Norway</a> (granddaughter of William I, died in 1871);</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Amalia_of_Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach" title="Princess Amalia of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach">Amalia, Princess Henry of the Netherlands</a> (first wife of Prince Henry, son of William II, died in 1872);</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_XV_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles XV of Sweden">King Charles XV of Sweden and IV of Norway</a> (widower of Princess Louise, granddaughter of William I, died in 1872)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Albert_of_Prussia_(1809%E2%80%931872)" title="Prince Albert of Prussia (1809–1872)">Prince Albert of Prussia</a> (husband of Princess Mariane, daughter of William I, died in 1872);</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophie_of_W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Sophie of Württemberg">Queen Sophie</a> (first wife of William III, died in 1877);</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Henry_of_the_Netherlands_(1820%E2%80%931879)" title="Prince Henry of the Netherlands (1820–1879)">Prince Henry of the Netherlands (1820–1879)</a> (son of William II, died in 1879);</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William,_Prince_of_Orange" title="William, Prince of Orange">William, Prince of Orange</a> (son of William III, died in 1879);</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Frederick_of_the_Netherlands" title="Prince Frederick of the Netherlands">Prince Frederick of the Netherlands</a> (son of William I, died in 1881);</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Marianne_of_the_Netherlands" title="Princess Marianne of the Netherlands">Marianne, Princess Albert of Prussia</a> (daughter of William I, died in 1883);</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander,_Prince_of_Orange" title="Alexander, Prince of Orange">Alexander, Prince of Orange</a> (son of William III, died in 1884);</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Marie_of_Prussia_(1855%E2%80%931888)" title="Princess Marie of Prussia (1855–1888)">Marie, Princess Henry of the Netherlands</a> (widow of Prince Henry, son of William II, died in 1888);</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_III_of_the_Netherlands" title="William III of the Netherlands">King William III</a> (son of William II, died in 1890);</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Sophie_of_the_Netherlands" title="Princess Sophie of the Netherlands">Sophie, Grand Duchess of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach</a> (daughter of William II, died in 1897);</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Alexander,_Grand_Duke_of_Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach" title="Charles Alexander, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach">Charles Alexander, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach</a> (widower of Princess Sophie, daughter of William II, died in 1901);</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William,_Prince_of_Wied" title="William, Prince of Wied">William, Prince of Wied</a> (husband of Princess Marie, granddaughter of William I, died in 1907)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Marie_of_the_Netherlands" title="Princess Marie of the Netherlands">Marie, Dowager Princess of Wied</a> (granddaughter of William I, died in 1910);</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emma_of_Waldeck_and_Pyrmont" title="Emma of Waldeck and Pyrmont">Queen Mother Emma</a> (widow of William III, died in 1934);</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duke_Henry_of_Mecklenburg-Schwerin" title="Duke Henry of Mecklenburg-Schwerin">Prince Consort Henry</a> (husband of Wilhelmina, died in 1934);</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelmina_of_the_Netherlands" title="Wilhelmina of the Netherlands">Queen Wilhelmina</a> (daughter of William III, died in 1962);</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Claus_of_the_Netherlands" title="Prince Claus of the Netherlands">Prince Consort Claus</a> (husband of <a href="/wiki/Beatrix_of_the_Netherlands" title="Beatrix of the Netherlands">Beatrix</a>, died in 2002);</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juliana_of_the_Netherlands" title="Juliana of the Netherlands">Queen Juliana</a> (daughter of Wilhelmina, died in 2004);</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Bernhard_of_Lippe-Biesterfeld" title="Prince Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld">Prince Consort Bernhard</a> (widower of Juliana, died in 2004);</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Friso_of_Orange-Nassau" title="Prince Friso of Orange-Nassau">Prince Friso of Orange-Nassau</a> (son of Beatrix, died in 2013);</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Christina_of_the_Netherlands" title="Princess Christina of the Netherlands">Princess Christina of the Netherlands</a> (daughter of Juliana, died in 2019);</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Death_and_burial">Death and burial</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_the_Netherlands&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Death and burial"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although Dutch lawmakers have historically favored being very conservative about creating a special legal position for members of the royal house or the royal family, there is one area in which the rules for members of the royal house are very different from those for other Dutch citizens: the area of death and burial. </p><p>For Dutch citizens, the rules surrounding death and burial are laid out by the Funeral Services Law (Dutch: <i>Wet op de Lijkbezorging</i>). However, article 87 of this law states the rule doesn't apply to the royal family. The Minister of Internal Affairs can also waive the law for other relatives of the monarch. The reason for this is that the exceptional position of members of the royal house is traditional. </p><p>Ever since the burial of <a href="/wiki/William_the_Silent" title="William the Silent">William the Silent</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Nieuwe_Kerk_(Delft)" title="Nieuwe Kerk (Delft)">Nieuwe Kerk</a> in <a href="/wiki/Delft" title="Delft">Delft</a>, members of the Orange-Nassau family have favored burial in the same crypt as William. Some members of the family buried elsewhere were even moved there later. However, for health and hygiene reasons, burial in churches was forbidden in the Netherlands by decree of <a href="/wiki/William_I_of_the_Netherlands" title="William I of the Netherlands">William I</a> in 1829. To allow members of the royal family to be entombed, all Dutch laws on burial have made an exception for the royal house ever since the 1829 decree. The practice was banned before under French occupation but returned after 1815. </p><p>The burial of the royal house members is a matter of tradition, circumstance, practicality, and spirit of the times. This is due to the lack of any formal rules whatsoever. The body of a departed member of the royal house is typically placed on display for a few days in one of the palaces to allow the family to say goodbye. Depending on the deceased family member's identity (a monarch, for instance), there may also be a viewing for the public. Then, on the burial day, the body is transported to Delft in a special horse-drawn carriage. The current protocol specifies eight horses for a deceased monarch and six for a dead royal consort, which is relatively new since Prince Hendrik was borne to Delft by eight horses. The current carriage is purple with white trim. This also changed since the burial of Queen Wilhelmina in 1962, when the carriage was white. Currently, members of the Dutch armed forces line the route to Delft, which is also new since the burial of Prince Hendrik, which was a quiet affair. </p><p>Once in Delft, the body is placed in the family crypt after a short service. Only members of the family are allowed in the crypt through the main entrance in the church, which only opens for royal funerals (the mayor of Delft has a key to a separate service entrance, which is only allowed to open in the presence of two military police officers and two members of the Dutch <a href="/wiki/General_Intelligence_and_Security_Service" title="General Intelligence and Security Service">General Intelligence and Security Service</a> for maintenance). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_monarchy_in_Dutch_society">The monarchy in Dutch society</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_the_Netherlands&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: The monarchy in Dutch society"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Monarchy_of_the_Netherlands" title="Special:EditPage/Monarchy of the Netherlands">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">February 2014</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Importance_and_position_within_Dutch_society">Importance and position within Dutch society</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_the_Netherlands&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Importance and position within Dutch society"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The importance and position of the monarchy within Dutch society has changed over time, together with changes in the constitutional position of the monarchy. </p><p>The monarchy of the Netherlands was established in 1815 as a reaction to the decline and eventual fall of the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Republic" title="Dutch Republic">Dutch Republic</a>. It was observed at the time that a large part of the decline of the republic was due to a lack of a strong, central government in the face of strong, centrally led competitor nations such as <a href="/wiki/Great_Britain" title="Great Britain">Great Britain</a> and the <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">French kingdom</a>. After the defeat of <a href="/wiki/Napoleon_Bonaparte" class="mw-redirect" title="Napoleon Bonaparte">Napoleon Bonaparte</a> in 1813 and the resurrection of the Netherlands, it was decided to reform the republic in the Kingdom of the Netherlands with a monarchy rather than the old <a href="/wiki/Stadtholder" title="Stadtholder">stadtholder</a> system. </p><p>The original monarchy was <a href="/wiki/Absolute_monarchy" title="Absolute monarchy">absolute</a> in nature, with the <a href="/wiki/States_General_of_the_Netherlands" title="States General of the Netherlands">States-General</a> serving as more of an advisory board without the power to do much against the king. This state of affairs allowed the king great freedom to determine the course of the nation and indeed <a href="/wiki/William_I_of_the_Netherlands" title="William I of the Netherlands">William I</a> was able to push through many changes that set the nation on the course towards <a href="/wiki/Industrialisation" title="Industrialisation">industrialization</a> and wealth. He also established the first Dutch railway system and the <a href="/wiki/Nederlandsche_Handel_Maatschappij" class="mw-redirect" title="Nederlandsche Handel Maatschappij">Nederlandsche Handel Maatschappij</a>, which would later evolve into the <a href="/wiki/ABN_Amro" class="mw-redirect" title="ABN Amro">ABN Amro</a> bank. On the other hand, his policies caused great discord with the Southern Netherlands, leading to the <a href="/wiki/Belgian_Revolution" title="Belgian Revolution">Belgian Revolution</a> and a years-long war. A backlash against these policies plus rising fear of early <a href="/wiki/Marxism" title="Marxism">Marxism</a> led to acceptance by <a href="/wiki/William_II_of_the_Netherlands" title="William II of the Netherlands">William II</a> of a series of reforms, starting with a new constitution in 1848 (which was the start of a continuing series of limitations on royal power). </p><p>Direct political power and influence of the king continued until 1890, although it slowly declined in the meantime. Both William I and <a href="/wiki/William_II_of_the_Netherlands" title="William II of the Netherlands">William II</a> proved quite conservative rulers (although William II was less inclined to interfere with policy than his father was), William I resisted major reforms until eventually conflict with the States-General and his own government forced his abdication. <a href="/wiki/William_III_of_the_Netherlands" title="William III of the Netherlands">William III</a>'s reign was a continuous saga of power struggles between the monarch and the parliamentary government (which he forced out a couple of times), plus major international crises due to the same stubbornness (including the <a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_Crisis" title="Luxembourg Crisis">Luxembourg Crisis</a>). As a result, the Dutch government used the succession of William III by a female regent as an opportunity to make a power play and establish government authority over royal authority. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Wilhelmina_of_the_Netherlands" title="Wilhelmina of the Netherlands">Queen Wilhelmina</a> was not happy with the new situation and made several half-hearted attempts during her reign to reassert authority. She was partly successful in certain areas (being able to push for military rearmament before <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>) but she never succeeded in restoring royal power. She did introduce a new concept to Dutch royalty though: the popular monarch. Establishing her popularity in military circles through her support of Dutch military prior to 1917, she was able to wield her personal popularity to uphold the government against a socialist revolution in November 1918. </p><p>Royal power continued to decline until the start of World War II. Forced to flee to <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, Queen Wilhelmina established the position of "mother of the Dutch state" through her radio broadcasts into the occupied Netherlands and her support for other Dutchmen evading the Germans and fighting from England. She tried to position her family into more influence by giving Prince Bernhard an important position in the military, but was still relegated to a position of constitutional monarch after the war. </p><p>Following Wilhelmina's abdication in 1948, the Orange-Nassau dynasty seems to have settled for a position of unofficial influence behind the scenes coupled with a role as "popular monarchs" in public. As such the monarchs are practically never seen in public doing their official work (except news footage of state visits and the reading of the government plans on <i>Prinsjesdag</i>) and instead their relationship with the public has become more of a popular and romanticized notion of royalty. Queens Juliana and Beatrix were popularly perceived to have a figurehead role, serving to some extent as "mother of the nation" in times of crises and disasters (such as the 1953 floods). In addition, there is a public holiday called <i><a href="/wiki/Koningsdag" title="Koningsdag">Koningsdag</a></i> (King's Day, which was <i>Koninginnedag</i>, Queen's Day, before 2014), during which the royal family pays a visit somewhere in the country and participates in local activities and traditions in order to get closer to the people. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Popularity_of_the_monarchy">Popularity of the monarchy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_the_Netherlands&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Popularity of the monarchy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The popularity of the monarchy has changed over time, with constitutional influence, circumstance and economic tides. </p><p>When the monarchy was established in 1815, popularity was not a major concern. Still, the Orange family held popular support in around 60% percent of the population following the fall of the French. This changed drastically over the following years as William I's policies alienated the Southern Netherlands, drew the country into civil war and established industries that favored the rich Protestants and not the general populace. </p><p>Royal popularity remained relatively low throughout the reign of the kings. William II was conservative, but on the whole did as little to lose popularity as he did to gain it. Economic decline drove most of his popular decline, although popular support for the monarch was still not considered of much import then. William III was unpopular under a wide section of the public. </p><p>Royal popularity started to increase with Wilhelmina's ascent to the throne. She pushed for national reforms, was a huge supporter of the armed forces and strove for renewed industrialization. Around 1917 the country was generally divided into two camps: socialists in the cities, royalists elsewhere. This showed in the dividing lines during the failed <a href="/wiki/Pieter_Jelles_Troelstra" title="Pieter Jelles Troelstra">Troelstra revolution</a>, where Troelstra gained popular support in the larger cities but the countryside flocked to the queen. Wilhelmina was able to muster popular support with a countryside "publicity tour" together with her daughter – this showing of popular support for the queen was instrumental in halting the revolution and stabilizing the government. Still, Wilhelmina remained deeply unpopular in the cities throughout the 1920s and 1930s. </p><p>Nationwide support came for Wilhelmina and the monarchy during World War II. Wilhelmina was forced to retreat to London, but refused evacuation all the way to Canada (although princess Juliana was sent there with her children). Wilhelmina regularly held radio broadcasts into the occupied Netherlands and staunchly supported the Dutch troops in exile. She became the symbol for Dutch resistance against the Germans. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_the_Netherlands&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For rulers of the Netherlands before 1795, see <a href="/wiki/Stadtholder" title="Stadtholder">Stadtholder</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="List of rulers of the Netherlands">List of rulers of the Netherlands</a>.</div> <p>After <a href="/wiki/Eighty_Years%27_War" title="Eighty Years' War">Dutch independence</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Republic" title="Dutch Republic">seven provinces of the Netherlands</a> were each led by chief-executives called <a href="/wiki/Stadtholder" title="Stadtholder">stadtholders</a>. After 1747, the office of stadtholder was centralized (one stadtholder for all provinces) and became formally inherited by the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Orange-Nassau" title="House of Orange-Nassau">House of Orange-Nassau</a> through <a href="/wiki/Primogeniture" title="Primogeniture">primogeniture</a>. The Netherlands remained de jure a confederated republic until the <a href="/wiki/Batavian_Revolution" title="Batavian Revolution">Batavian Revolution</a> of 1795 </p><p>The House of Orange-Nassau came from <a href="/wiki/Diez,_Germany" title="Diez, Germany">Dietz</a>, Germany, seat of one of the Nassau counties. Their title '<a href="/wiki/Prince_of_Orange" title="Prince of Orange">Prince of Orange</a>' was acquired through inheritance of the <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Orange" title="Principality of Orange">Principality of Orange</a> in southern France, in 1544. <a href="/wiki/William_I_of_Orange" class="mw-redirect" title="William I of Orange">William of Orange</a> (also known as William the Silent) was the first Orange-Nassau Stadtholder (ironically, appointed by <a href="/wiki/Philip_II_of_Spain" title="Philip II of Spain">Philip II of Spain</a>). From 1568 to his death in 1584, he led the Dutch struggle for independence from Spain. His younger brother, <a href="/wiki/John_VI,_Count_of_Nassau-Dillenburg" class="mw-redirect" title="John VI, Count of Nassau-Dillenburg">John VI, Count of Nassau-Dillenburg</a>, Stadtholder of Utrecht, was the direct <a href="/wiki/Male_line" class="mw-redirect" title="Male line">male line</a> ancestor of the later Stadtholders of <a href="/wiki/Friesland" title="Friesland">Friesland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Groningen" title="Groningen">Groningen</a>, the hereditary stadtholders of all the Netherlands and the first King of the Netherlands. </p><p>The present monarchy was founded in 1813, when the French were driven out. The new regime was headed by <a href="/wiki/William_Frederick,_Prince_of_Nassau-Dietz" title="William Frederick, Prince of Nassau-Dietz">Prince William Frederick of Orange</a>, the son of the last stadtholder. He originally reigned over only the territory of the previous republic as "<a href="/wiki/Sovereign_prince" class="mw-redirect" title="Sovereign prince">sovereign prince</a>". In 1815, after Napoleon escaped from <a href="/wiki/Elba" title="Elba">Elba</a>, William Frederick raised the Netherlands to the status of a kingdom and proclaimed himself <a href="/wiki/William_I_of_the_Netherlands" title="William I of the Netherlands">King William I</a>. As part of the rearrangement of Europe at the <a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Vienna" title="Congress of Vienna">Congress of Vienna</a>, the House of Orange-Nassau was confirmed as rulers of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands" title="Kingdom of the Netherlands">Kingdom of the Netherlands</a>, enlarged with what are now <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a> and <a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a>. At the same time, William became hereditary <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duke_of_Luxembourg" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Duke of Luxembourg">Grand Duke of Luxembourg</a> in exchange for ceding his family's hereditary lands in Germany to Nassau-Weilburg and Prussia. The Grand Duchy of Luxembourg was a part of the Netherlands (until 1839) while at the same time a member state of the German Confederation. It became fully independent in 1839, but remained in a <a href="/wiki/Personal_union" title="Personal union">personal union</a> with the Kingdom of the Netherlands until 1890.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Abdication of the throne has become a de facto tradition in the Dutch monarchy. <a href="/wiki/Wilhelmina_of_the_Netherlands" title="Wilhelmina of the Netherlands">Queen Wilhelmina</a> and <a href="/wiki/Juliana_of_the_Netherlands" title="Juliana of the Netherlands">Queen Juliana</a> both abdicated in favor of their daughters and William I abdicated in favor of his eldest son, <a href="/wiki/William_II_of_the_Netherlands" title="William II of the Netherlands">William II</a>. The only Dutch monarchs to die on the throne were William II and <a href="/wiki/William_III_of_the_Netherlands" title="William III of the Netherlands">William III</a>. </p><p>On 30 April 2013 <a href="/wiki/Beatrix_of_the_Netherlands" title="Beatrix of the Netherlands">Queen Beatrix</a>, abdicated in favor of <a href="/wiki/Willem-Alexander,_Prince_of_Orange" class="mw-redirect" title="Willem-Alexander, Prince of Orange">Crown Prince Willem-Alexander</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="List_of_hereditary_heads_of_state">List of hereditary heads of state</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_the_Netherlands&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: List of hereditary heads of state"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_the_Netherlands" title="List of monarchs of the Netherlands">List of monarchs of the Netherlands</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Religious_affiliation">Religious affiliation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_the_Netherlands&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Religious affiliation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Dutch Royal Family historically have been members of the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Reformed_Church" title="Dutch Reformed Church">Dutch Reformed Church</a>. It became the <a href="/wiki/Protestant_Church_in_the_Netherlands" title="Protestant Church in the Netherlands">Protestant Church in the Netherlands</a> after its 2004 merger, but some members of the royal family are Roman <a href="/wiki/Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic">Catholic</a>. There is no law in the Netherlands stipulating what religion the monarch should be, although the constitution stipulated up to 1983 that marriage to a Catholic meant loss of rights to the throne (the constitutional overhaul of 1983 changed this to a requirement that potential heirs must seek parliamentary approval before marriage in order to retain rights of succession). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Royal_finances">Royal finances</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_the_Netherlands&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Royal finances"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The royal palaces are the property of the Dutch state and given for the use of the reigning monarch;<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While the House of Orange-Nassau possesses a large number of personal belongings, items such as paintings, historical artifacts and jewelry are usually associated with the performance of royal duties and/or the decoration of royal residences. As such, these items have a cultural significance beyond that of simple artworks and jewelry, and have therefore been placed in the hands of trusts: the House of Orange-Nassau Archives Trust and the House of Orange-Nassau Historic Collections Trust. Part of the collection is on permanent loan to Het Loo Palace Museum in <a href="/wiki/Apeldoorn" title="Apeldoorn">Apeldoorn</a> and the Rijksmuseum in <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a>. Queen Juliana sold the remaining royal palaces and put the cultural assets (paintings, antiques, books, etc.) into non-personal trusts. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Royal_Regalia" class="mw-redirect" title="Dutch Royal Regalia">crown jewels</a>, comprising the <a href="/wiki/Crown_(headgear)" class="mw-redirect" title="Crown (headgear)">crown</a>, <a href="/wiki/Globus_cruciger" title="Globus cruciger">orb and sceptre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sword_of_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Sword of State">Sword of State</a>, royal banner, and ermine mantle have been placed in the Crown Property Trust. The trust also holds the items used on ceremonial occasions, such as the carriages, table silver, and dinner services. Placing these goods in the hands of a trust ensures that they will remain at the disposal of the monarch in perpetuity.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Royal Archives house the personal archives of the royal family.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This includes books, photographs, and artworks, as well as the books of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Orange-Nassau" title="House of Orange-Nassau">House of Orange-Nassau</a> and the music library. The library was begun in 1813, following the return of the Orange-Nassaus to the Netherlands. <a href="/wiki/William_I_of_the_Netherlands" title="William I of the Netherlands">King William I</a> allowed the <a href="/wiki/Stadtholder" title="Stadtholder">Stadtholder</a>'s library to remain part of the Royal Library in <a href="/wiki/The_Hague" title="The Hague">The Hague</a>. The library houses a collection of some 70,000 books, journals and brochures. The music library has 6,000 scores, going back to the mid 18th century. </p><p>The <i>Royal House Finances Act</i> (1972)<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as amended in 2008 sets allowances for the King (or Queen Regnant), the Heir to the Throne, and the former sovereign who has abdicated. Provision is also made for their spouses (and in the case of death, for the surviving spouse). The allowances have two components: income (A-component) and personnel and materials (B-component). Annual increases or decreases are provided for: the A component is linked to changes in the annual salary of the <a href="/wiki/Vice-President_of_the_Council_of_State_(Netherlands)" title="Vice-President of the Council of State (Netherlands)">Vice-President of the Council of State</a>; the B-component is linked to changes in civil service pay and the cost of living. </p><p>In 2009, the government decided that the annual state budget of the Netherlands should show in a transparent way all the costs of the royal house, some of which had previously been borne by various Government Ministries.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Three sets of costs are now separately allocated in the annual budget for the royal house (Budget I of the annual State Budget). These are: </p> <ul><li>Allowances paid under the Royal House Finances Act. They comprise the income and personnel and materials components mentioned above.</li> <li>Expenses incurred in the performance of official duties. They include costs which had previously been borne by the budgets of three Government Ministries (Interior, Transport and Water Management, Health and Welfare) and which are now attributed to the Royal budget in the interest of transparency. They also include the costs relating to royal flights and the royal yacht, Groene Draeck.</li> <li>Other expenses relating to the management of the royal house. They relate to expenses for the Government Information Service (AZ/RVD) in connection with the royal house, the cost of the Royal Military Household, the Queen's Cabinet and the travel and other costs incurred by royal visits to overseas provinces and countries within the Dutch Kingdom (former <a href="/wiki/Netherlands_Antilles" title="Netherlands Antilles">Netherlands Antilles</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aruba" title="Aruba">Aruba</a>).</li></ul> <p>Costs relating to the security of members of the royal house, state visits, and the maintenance and upkeep of the royal palaces (which are considered to be national monuments) continue to be funded by the budgets of the appropriate Government Ministries and are not included in the budget for the royal house.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to the State Budget for 2010, the budgetary allocation for the royal house in 2010 is €39.643 million.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are the following categories of expenditure: </p> <ul><li>Allowances paid to the King, <a href="/wiki/Princess_M%C3%A1xima_of_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Princess Máxima of the Netherlands">Queen Máxima</a>, and the Princess under the Royal House Finances Act. They total some €7.102 million in 2010.</li> <li>Expenses incurred in the performance of official duties. They total some €26.818 million in 2010.</li> <li>Other expenses relating to the management of the royal house. They total some €5.723 million in 2010.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Monarchs_of_the_Netherlands">Monarchs of the Netherlands</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_the_Netherlands&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Monarchs of the Netherlands"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_the_Netherlands" title="List of monarchs of the Netherlands">List of monarchs of the Netherlands</a></div> <div class="timeline-wrapper"><map name="timeline_gria4hq6ql3j29709t4zjscy1h84321"><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Willem%2DAlexander_of_the_Netherlands" coords="729,46,864,69" title="Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands" alt="Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Beatrix_of_the_Netherlands" coords="683,46,763,69" title="Beatrix of the Netherlands" alt="Beatrix of the Netherlands" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Juliana_of_the_Netherlands" coords="569,46,649,69" title="Juliana of the Netherlands" alt="Juliana of the Netherlands" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Wilhelmina_of_the_Netherlands" coords="401,46,500,69" title="Wilhelmina of the Netherlands" alt="Wilhelmina of the Netherlands" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/William_III_of_the_Netherlands" coords="222,46,327,69" title="William III of the Netherlands" alt="William III of the Netherlands" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/William_II_of_the_Netherlands" coords="137,46,235,69" title="William II of the Netherlands" alt="William II of the Netherlands" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/William_I_of_the_Netherlands" coords="77,46,169,69" title="William I of the Netherlands" alt="William I of the Netherlands" /></map><img usemap="#timeline_gria4hq6ql3j29709t4zjscy1h84321" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/timeline/gria4hq6ql3j29709t4zjscy1h84321.png" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wilhelmina_(1890–1948)"><span id="Wilhelmina_.281890.E2.80.931948.29"></span>Wilhelmina (1890–1948)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_the_Netherlands&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Wilhelmina (1890–1948)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Wilhelmina_of_the_Netherlands" title="Wilhelmina of the Netherlands">Wilhelmina of the Netherlands</a></div> <p>When Wilhelmina came to the Dutch throne in 1890 at age 10, the throne of Luxembourg went to her very distant agnate (but incidentally also her maternal granduncle), <a href="/wiki/Adolphe,_Grand_Duke_of_Luxembourg" title="Adolphe, Grand Duke of Luxembourg">Adolf</a>, former Duke of Nassau. Thus ended the <a href="/wiki/Personal_union" title="Personal union">personal union</a> between the Netherlands and Luxembourg. </p><p>The 58-year reign of <a href="/wiki/Wilhelmina_of_the_Netherlands" title="Wilhelmina of the Netherlands">Queen Wilhelmina</a> was dominated by the two World Wars. She married a German prince, <a href="/wiki/Duke_Henry_of_Mecklenburg-Schwerin" title="Duke Henry of Mecklenburg-Schwerin">Duke Henry of Mecklenburg-Schwerin</a>, who was not happy with his unrewarding role of husband-to-the-queen. Wilhelmina's strong personality and unrelenting passion to fulfill her inherited task overpowered many men in position of authority, including ministers, Prime Ministers and her own husband. She is mostly remembered for her role during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>. The initial disappointment of many Dutch people because of her quick withdrawal to <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> faded (though it was never forgotten and by some was never forgiven) when she proved to be of great moral support to the people and the resistance in her occupied country, Netherlands. Hendrik and Wilhelmina had one daughter, <a href="/wiki/Juliana_of_the_Netherlands" title="Juliana of the Netherlands">Juliana</a>, who came to the throne in 1948. They lived in <a href="/wiki/The_Hague" title="The Hague">The Hague</a> and in <a href="/wiki/Het_Loo" class="mw-redirect" title="Het Loo">Palace 't Loo</a> (Paleis 't Loo) in <a href="/wiki/Apeldoorn" title="Apeldoorn">Apeldoorn</a>. She died in 1962. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Juliana_(1948–1980)"><span id="Juliana_.281948.E2.80.931980.29"></span>Juliana (1948–1980)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_the_Netherlands&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Juliana (1948–1980)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Juliana_of_the_Netherlands" title="Juliana of the Netherlands">Juliana of the Netherlands</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile" style="width:auto"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title">Dutch royalty<br /><a href="/wiki/House_of_Orange-Nassau" title="House of Orange-Nassau">House of<br />Orange-Nassau</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_coat_of_arms_of_the_Netherlands.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Royal_coat_of_arms_of_the_Netherlands.svg/150px-Royal_coat_of_arms_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Royal_coat_of_arms_of_the_Netherlands.svg/225px-Royal_coat_of_arms_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Royal_coat_of_arms_of_the_Netherlands.svg/300px-Royal_coat_of_arms_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="952" data-file-height="1045" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ccccff;border-top: 1px solid #aaaaaa; border-bottom: 1px solid #aaaaaa;"> <a href="/wiki/William_I_of_the_Netherlands" title="William I of the Netherlands">King William I</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Children and grandchildren</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><i><b>Children</b></i> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/William_II_of_the_Netherlands" title="William II of the Netherlands">King William II</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Prince_Frederick_of_the_Netherlands" title="Prince Frederick of the Netherlands">Prince Frederick</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Princess_Pauline_of_Orange-Nassau" title="Princess Pauline of Orange-Nassau">Princess Pauline</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Princess_Marianne_of_the_Netherlands" title="Princess Marianne of the Netherlands">Princess Marianne</a></dd></dl> <p><i><b>Grandchildren</b></i> </p> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Louise_of_the_Netherlands" title="Louise of the Netherlands">Queen Louise of Sweden</a></dd> <dd>Prince William <small>(1833–4)</small></dd> <dd>Prince Frederick <small>(1836–46)</small></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Princess_Marie_of_the_Netherlands" title="Princess Marie of the Netherlands">Princess Marie</a></dd></dl></div></div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ccccff;border-top: 1px solid #aaaaaa; border-bottom: 1px solid #aaaaaa;"> <a href="/wiki/William_II_of_the_Netherlands" title="William II of the Netherlands">King William II</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Children</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><i><b>Children</b></i> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/William_III_of_the_Netherlands" title="William III of the Netherlands">King William III</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Prince_Alexander_of_the_Netherlands" title="Prince Alexander of the Netherlands">Prince Alexander</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Prince_Henry_of_the_Netherlands_(1820%E2%80%931879)" title="Prince Henry of the Netherlands (1820–1879)">Prince Henry</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Prince_Ernest_Casimir_of_the_Netherlands" title="Prince Ernest Casimir of the Netherlands">Prince Ernest Casimir</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Princess_Sophie_of_the_Netherlands" title="Princess Sophie of the Netherlands">Grand Duchess Sophie of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach</a></dd></dl></div></div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ccccff;border-top: 1px solid #aaaaaa; border-bottom: 1px solid #aaaaaa;"> <a href="/wiki/William_III_of_the_Netherlands" title="William III of the Netherlands">King William III</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Children</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><i><b>Children</b></i> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/William,_Prince_of_Orange" title="William, Prince of Orange">Prince William</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Prince_Maurice_of_the_Netherlands" title="Prince Maurice of the Netherlands">Prince Maurice</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Alexander,_Prince_of_Orange" title="Alexander, Prince of Orange">Prince Alexander</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wilhelmina_of_the_Netherlands" title="Wilhelmina of the Netherlands">Queen Wilhelmina</a></dd></dl></div></div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ccccff;border-top: 1px solid #aaaaaa; border-bottom: 1px solid #aaaaaa;"> <a href="/wiki/Wilhelmina_of_the_Netherlands" title="Wilhelmina of the Netherlands">Queen Wilhelmina</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Children</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><i><b>Children</b></i> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Juliana_of_the_Netherlands" title="Juliana of the Netherlands">Queen Juliana</a></dd></dl></div></div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ccccff;border-top: 1px solid #aaaaaa; border-bottom: 1px solid #aaaaaa;"> <a href="/wiki/Juliana_of_the_Netherlands" title="Juliana of the Netherlands">Queen Juliana</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Children and grandchildren</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><i><b>Children</b></i> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Beatrix_of_the_Netherlands" title="Beatrix of the Netherlands">Queen Beatrix</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Princess_Irene_of_the_Netherlands" title="Princess Irene of the Netherlands">Princess Irene</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Princess_Margriet_of_the_Netherlands" title="Princess Margriet of the Netherlands">Princess Margriet</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Princess_Christina_of_the_Netherlands" title="Princess Christina of the Netherlands">Princess Christina</a></dd></dl> <p><i><b>Grandchildren</b></i> </p> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Prince_Maurits_of_Orange-Nassau,_van_Vollenhoven" title="Prince Maurits of Orange-Nassau, van Vollenhoven">Prince Maurits</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Prince_Bernhard_of_Orange-Nassau,_van_Vollenhoven" title="Prince Bernhard of Orange-Nassau, van Vollenhoven">Prince Bernhard</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Prince_Pieter-Christiaan_of_Orange-Nassau,_van_Vollenhoven" title="Prince Pieter-Christiaan of Orange-Nassau, van Vollenhoven">Prince Pieter-Christiaan</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Prince_Floris_of_Orange-Nassau,_van_Vollenhoven" title="Prince Floris of Orange-Nassau, van Vollenhoven">Prince Floris</a></dd></dl></div></div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ccccff;border-top: 1px solid #aaaaaa; border-bottom: 1px solid #aaaaaa;"> <a href="/wiki/Beatrix_of_the_Netherlands" title="Beatrix of the Netherlands">Queen Beatrix</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Children and grandchildren</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><i><b>Children</b></i> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Willem-Alexander_of_the_Netherlands" title="Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands">King William-Alexander</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Prince_Friso_of_Orange-Nassau" title="Prince Friso of Orange-Nassau">Prince Friso</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Prince_Constantijn_of_the_Netherlands" title="Prince Constantijn of the Netherlands">Prince Constantijn</a></dd></dl> <p><i><b>Grandchildren</b></i> </p> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Countess_Luana_of_Orange-Nassau,_Jonkvrouwe_van_Amsberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Countess Luana of Orange-Nassau, Jonkvrouwe van Amsberg">Countess Luana</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Countess_Zaria_of_Orange-Nassau,_Jonkvrouwe_van_Amsberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Countess Zaria of Orange-Nassau, Jonkvrouwe van Amsberg">Countess Zaria</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Countess_Eloise_of_Orange-Nassau,_Jonkvrouwe_van_Amsberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Countess Eloise of Orange-Nassau, Jonkvrouwe van Amsberg">Countess Eloise</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Count_Claus-Casimir_of_Orange-Nassau,_Jonkheer_van_Amsberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Count Claus-Casimir of Orange-Nassau, Jonkheer van Amsberg">Count Claus-Casimir</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Countess_Leonore_of_Orange-Nassau,_Jonkvrouwe_van_Amsberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Countess Leonore of Orange-Nassau, Jonkvrouwe van Amsberg">Countess Leonore</a></dd></dl></div></div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ccccff;border-top: 1px solid #aaaaaa; border-bottom: 1px solid #aaaaaa;"> <a href="/wiki/Willem-Alexander_of_the_Netherlands" title="Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands">King Willem-Alexander</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Children</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><i><b>Children</b></i> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Catharina-Amalia,_Princess_of_Orange" title="Catharina-Amalia, Princess of Orange">Princess Catharina-Amalia</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Princess_Alexia_of_the_Netherlands" title="Princess Alexia of the Netherlands">Princess Alexia</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Princess_Ariane_of_the_Netherlands" title="Princess Ariane of the Netherlands">Princess Ariane</a></dd></dl></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:House_of_Orange-Nassau" title="Template:House of Orange-Nassau"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:House_of_Orange-Nassau" title="Template talk:House of Orange-Nassau"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:House_of_Orange-Nassau" title="Special:EditPage/Template:House of Orange-Nassau"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Juliana reigned from 1948 until 1980, and whereas Wilhelmina reigned like a general, Juliana expressed a more motherly character. One of her first official acts was to sign the treaty of independence of the Dutch colony <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>. During her reign the monarchy became entangled in two major crises: the <a href="/wiki/Greet_Hofmans_affair" class="mw-redirect" title="Greet Hofmans affair">Greet Hofmans affair</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Lockheed_bribery_scandals" title="Lockheed bribery scandals">Lockheed bribery scandals</a>. In the first it was her involvement in a mystic pacifist group that was a cause for concern. The second crisis announced itself when it became known that, the queen's husband, Prince <a href="/wiki/Prince_Bernhard_of_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince Bernhard of the Netherlands">Bernard von Lippe-Biesterfeld</a>, had taken bribes to advance Lockheed's bid. After an inquiry, the prince was forbidden to perform the military tasks he had performed since 1945, but in this crisis neither the monarchy itself, nor Juliana's position, was never in doubt. She and Bernhard had four daughters, <a href="/wiki/Beatrix_of_the_Netherlands" title="Beatrix of the Netherlands">Beatrix</a>, <a href="/wiki/Princess_Irene_of_the_Netherlands" title="Princess Irene of the Netherlands">Irene</a>, <a href="/wiki/Princess_Margriet_of_the_Netherlands" title="Princess Margriet of the Netherlands">Margriet</a> and <a href="/wiki/Princess_Christina_of_the_Netherlands" title="Princess Christina of the Netherlands">Christina</a>. After their return from <a href="/wiki/Ottawa" title="Ottawa">Ottawa, Ontario</a>, Canada in 1945 (where Margriet was born), they lived in the <a href="/wiki/Soestdijk_Palace" title="Soestdijk Palace">Soestdijk Palace</a> (Paleis Soestdijk) in Soestdijk, about 20 km north-east of <a href="/wiki/Utrecht_(city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Utrecht (city)">Utrecht</a>. She died on 20 March 2004. Her husband Bernhard died on 1 December 2004. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Beatrix_(1980–2013)"><span id="Beatrix_.281980.E2.80.932013.29"></span>Beatrix (1980–2013)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_the_Netherlands&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Beatrix (1980–2013)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Beatrix_of_the_Netherlands" title="Beatrix of the Netherlands">Beatrix of the Netherlands</a></div> <p>The Dutch royal family today is much larger than it has ever been. <a href="/wiki/Princess_Beatrix" class="mw-redirect" title="Princess Beatrix">Princess Beatrix</a> and <a href="/wiki/Prince_Claus" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince Claus">Prince Claus</a> had three sons: <a href="/wiki/King_Willem-Alexander" class="mw-redirect" title="King Willem-Alexander">King Willem-Alexander</a> (married to <a href="/wiki/Queen_M%C3%A1xima" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen Máxima">Queen Máxima</a>), <a href="/wiki/Prince_Friso" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince Friso">Prince Friso</a> (whose widow is <a href="/wiki/Princess_Mabel" class="mw-redirect" title="Princess Mabel">Princess Mabel</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Prince_Constantijn" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince Constantijn">Prince Constantijn</a> (married to <a href="/wiki/Princess_Laurentien" class="mw-redirect" title="Princess Laurentien">Princess Laurentien</a>). Her sister <a href="/wiki/Princess_Margriet" class="mw-redirect" title="Princess Margriet">Princess Margriet</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pieter_van_Vollenhoven" title="Pieter van Vollenhoven">Pieter van Vollenhoven</a> have four sons, princes <a href="/wiki/Prince_Maurits_of_Orange-Nassau,_van_Vollenhoven" title="Prince Maurits of Orange-Nassau, van Vollenhoven">Maurits</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prince_Bernhard_of_Orange-Nassau,_van_Vollenhoven" title="Prince Bernhard of Orange-Nassau, van Vollenhoven">Bernhard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prince_Pieter-Christiaan_of_Orange-Nassau,_van_Vollenhoven" title="Prince Pieter-Christiaan of Orange-Nassau, van Vollenhoven">Pieter-Christiaan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Prince_Floris_of_Orange-Nassau,_van_Vollenhoven" title="Prince Floris of Orange-Nassau, van Vollenhoven">Floris</a>. Princess Margriet is in line to the throne behind King Willem-Alexander's daughters, princesses <a href="/wiki/Catharina-Amalia" class="mw-redirect" title="Catharina-Amalia">Catharina-Amalia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Princess_Alexia_of_the_Netherlands" title="Princess Alexia of the Netherlands">Alexia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Princess_Ariane_of_the_Netherlands" title="Princess Ariane of the Netherlands">Ariane</a>, and his brother Prince Constantijn. Prince Friso lost his right to the throne because no approval was asked for his marriage to Mabel Wisse Smit to the <a href="/wiki/States-General_of_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="States-General of the Netherlands">States-General</a>. The two other sisters of Beatrix, <a href="/wiki/Princess_Irene_of_the_Netherlands" title="Princess Irene of the Netherlands">Irene</a> and <a href="/wiki/Princess_Christina_of_the_Netherlands" title="Princess Christina of the Netherlands">Christina</a>, lost their rights to the throne because their marriages were not approved by the States-General. They both married Roman Catholics and Irene herself converted to Roman Catholicism, which at that time (the 1960s) was still politically problematic. An additional complication which the government wanted to avoid, was that Irene's husband, <a href="/wiki/Carlos_Hugo,_Duke_of_Parma" title="Carlos Hugo, Duke of Parma">Prince Carlos-Hugo of Bourbon-Parma</a> (whom she later divorced), was a member of a <a href="/wiki/Abolished_monarchy" class="mw-redirect" title="Abolished monarchy">deposed</a> Spanish-Italian <a href="/wiki/Dynasty" title="Dynasty">dynasty</a> who controversially claimed the Spanish throne. Traditionally, Dutch monarchs have always been members of the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Reformed_Church" title="Dutch Reformed Church">Dutch Reformed Church</a> although this was never constitutionally required. This tradition is embedded in the <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Netherlands" title="History of the Netherlands">history of the Netherlands</a>. </p><p>On 28 January 2013, the Queen announced that she would abdicate on 30 April 2013 in favour of her eldest son. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Willem-Alexander_(2013–present)"><span id="Willem-Alexander_.282013.E2.80.93present.29"></span>Willem-Alexander (2013–present)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_the_Netherlands&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Willem-Alexander (2013–present)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Willem-Alexander_of_the_Netherlands" title="Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands">Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands</a></div> <p>The current monarch is King Willem-Alexander (born 1967), who has been on the Throne since 30 April 2013. He studied history at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Leiden" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Leiden">University of Leiden</a> and became actively involved in <a href="/wiki/Water_management" class="mw-redirect" title="Water management">water management</a>. His wife is <a href="/wiki/Princess_M%C3%A1xima_of_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Princess Máxima of the Netherlands">Queen Máxima</a> (née Máxima Zorreguieta Cerruti), an economics major, whose father was a minister of <a href="/wiki/Agriculture" title="Agriculture">agriculture</a> in the dictatorial regime under <a href="/wiki/General_Videla" class="mw-redirect" title="General Videla">General Videla</a> in Argentina. Because of that their relationship was accompanied by fierce public debate and only officially sanctioned after quiet diplomacy, resulting in Máxima's father agreeing not to be present on their <a href="/wiki/Marriage" title="Marriage">wedding day</a> (2 February 2002). Former minister <a href="/wiki/Max_van_der_Stoel" title="Max van der Stoel">Max van der Stoel</a> and Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Wim_Kok" title="Wim Kok">Wim Kok</a> seem to have played a crucial role in this process. </p><p>On 7 December 2003 Princess Máxima gave birth to a daughter: <a href="/wiki/Princess_Catharina-Amalia_of_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Princess Catharina-Amalia of the Netherlands">Princess Catharina-Amalia</a>. On 26 June 2005 another daughter was born: <a href="/wiki/Princess_Alexia_of_the_Netherlands" title="Princess Alexia of the Netherlands">Princess Alexia</a>. On 10 April 2007 a third daughter was born, <a href="/wiki/Princess_Ariane_of_the_Netherlands" title="Princess Ariane of the Netherlands">Princess Ariane</a>. They are first, second and third in line to the Dutch throne. </p><p>His mother, Queen Beatrix announced that she would be abdicating the Throne on 30 April 2013. On that day, Willem-Alexander became the new King and was sworn in and inaugurated in the <a href="/wiki/Nieuwe_Kerk_(Amsterdam)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nieuwe Kerk (Amsterdam)">Nieuwe Kerk</a> in Amsterdam, in a session of the <a href="/wiki/States-General_of_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="States-General of the Netherlands">States-General</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Heir_apparent">Heir apparent</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_the_Netherlands&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Heir apparent"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Heir_apparent" title="Heir apparent">heir apparent</a> to the Dutch throne is <a href="/wiki/Catharina-Amalia,_Princess_of_Orange" title="Catharina-Amalia, Princess of Orange">Amalia, Princess of Orange</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Full_title">Full title</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_the_Netherlands&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Full title"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Style_of_the_Dutch_sovereign" title="Style of the Dutch sovereign">Style of the Dutch sovereign</a> and <a href="/wiki/Maps_of_the_Lands_of_the_House_of_Orange" title="Maps of the Lands of the House of Orange">Maps of the Lands of the House of Orange</a></div> <p>Most members of the Dutch royal family, in addition to other titles hold (or held) the princely title Prince of <a href="/wiki/House_of_Orange-Nassau" title="House of Orange-Nassau">Orange-Nassau</a>. The children of Prince Friso and Prince Constantijn are instead counts and countesses of Orange-Nassau. In addition to the titles King/Prince of the Netherlands and Prince of Orange-Nassau, daughters of Queen Juliana and Prince <a href="/wiki/Bernhard_of_Lippe-Biesterfeld" class="mw-redirect" title="Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld">Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld</a> hold another princely title – Princesses of Lippe-Biesterfeld. The children of Queen Beatrix and their male-line descendants, except for the children of King Willem-Alexander, also carry the appellative Honourable (<i>Jonkheer/Jonkvrouw</i>) in combination with the name 'Van <a href="/wiki/Amsberg" title="Amsberg">Amsberg</a>'. </p><p>Queen Juliana, the only child of Queen Wilhelmina and <a href="/wiki/Duke_Henry_of_Mecklenburg-Schwerin" title="Duke Henry of Mecklenburg-Schwerin">Duke Henry of Mecklenburg-Schwerin</a>, was also a Duchess of Mecklenburg-Schwerin. Since the title can pass only through the male line, Queen Juliana's descendants do not carry the title of Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin. </p><p>The title Prince of the Netherlands is the prerogative of the most important members of the royal house (children of the monarch and of the heir apparent), which is smaller than the royal family. Members of the royal house can lose their membership when they enter into marriage without asking (and receiving) consent from Parliament. </p><p>In addition to this, the Dutch Monarch carries a <a href="/wiki/Style_of_the_Dutch_sovereign" title="Style of the Dutch sovereign">number of subsidiary titles</a>, of more historical than practical note, that have been passed down through the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Orange-Nassau" title="House of Orange-Nassau">House of Orange-Nassau</a> and represent the accretion of lands and influence by their ancestors: </p> <dl><dd>Duke of Limburg, Count of Katzenelnbogen, Vianden, Diez, Spiegelberg, Buren, Leerdam and Culemborg, Marquis of Veere and Vlissingen, Baron of Breda, Diest, Beilstein, the town of Grave and the lands of Cuyk, IJsselstein, Cranendonk, Eindhoven and Liesveld, Hereditary Lord and Seigneur of Ameland, Lord of Borculo, Bredevoort, Lichtenvoorde, 't Loo, Geertruidenberg, Klundert, Zevenbergen, Hoge and Lage Zwaluwe, Naaldwijk, Polanen, St Maartensdijk, Soest, Baarn and Ter Eem, Willemstad, Steenbergen, Montfort, St Vith, Bütgenbach and Dasburg, Viscount of Antwerp.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-archontology_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-archontology-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <p>Probably the most important of these was the Barony of <a href="/wiki/Breda" title="Breda">Breda</a>, which formed the core of the Nassau lands in the Netherlands (Brabant) even before they inherited the <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Orange" title="Principality of Orange">Principality of Orange</a> in what is now southern France. This was probably followed by the <a href="/wiki/Burgrave" title="Burgrave">Viscountship/Burgravate of Antwerp</a>, which allowed <a href="/wiki/William_the_Silent" title="William the Silent">William the Silent</a> to control a large amount of the politics in that then very important city, followed by the <a href="/wiki/Marquisate_of_Veere" class="mw-redirect" title="Marquisate of Veere">Marquisate of Veere</a>, which allowed <a href="/wiki/William_the_Silent" title="William the Silent">William the Silent</a> and his descendants to control the votes of the province of Zeeland.<sup id="cite_ref-Motley1_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Motley1-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_royal_family_and_the_royal_house">The royal family and the royal house</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_the_Netherlands&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: The royal family and the royal house"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A distinction is made in the Netherlands between the royal family and the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Royal_House" class="mw-redirect" title="Dutch Royal House">Royal House</a>. </p><p>The royal family includes people born into the family (and legally recognised as such) or who have married into the family. However, not every member of the royal family is a member of the royal house. </p><p>By Act of Parliament, the members of the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Royal_House" class="mw-redirect" title="Dutch Royal House">Royal House</a> are:<sup id="cite_ref-koninklijkhuis_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-koninklijkhuis-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>the monarch (King or Queen);</li> <li>the former monarch (on abdication);</li> <li>the members of the royal family in the line of succession to the throne who are not further removed to the monarch than the second degree of consanguinity;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Margriet_of_the_Netherlands" title="Princess Margriet of the Netherlands">Princess Margriet of the Netherlands</a></li> <li>the spouses of the above.</li></ul> <p>Members of the royal house can lose their membership and designation as prince or princess of the Netherlands if they marry without the consent of the Dutch Parliament. This happened to <a href="/wiki/Prince_Friso_of_Orange-Nassau" title="Prince Friso of Orange-Nassau">Prince Friso</a> when he married <a href="/wiki/Princess_Mabel_of_Orange-Nassau" title="Princess Mabel of Orange-Nassau">Mabel Wisse Smit</a>. This is written down explicitly in the part of the constitution of the Netherlands that controls the Monarchy of the Netherlands.<sup id="cite_ref-koninklijkhuis_76-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-koninklijkhuis-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Family_tree_of_current_members">Family tree of current members</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_the_Netherlands&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Family tree of current members"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Dutch_monarchs_family_tree" class="mw-redirect" title="Dutch monarchs family tree">Dutch monarchs family tree</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/House_of_Orange-Nassau" title="House of Orange-Nassau">House of Orange-Nassau</a></div> <table style="border-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: separate; font-size:85%;line-height:100%;"> <tbody><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;border: 1.5px solid red;"><a href="/wiki/Juliana_of_the_Netherlands" title="Juliana of the Netherlands">Juliana of the Netherlands</a></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;border: 1.5px solid red;"><a href="/wiki/Prince_Bernhard_of_Lippe-Biesterfeld" title="Prince Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld">Prince Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;border: 1.5px solid green;"><a href="/wiki/Beatrix_of_the_Netherlands" title="Beatrix of the Netherlands">Beatrix of the Netherlands</a>*</td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;border: 1.5px solid red;"><a href="/wiki/Claus_von_Amsberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Claus von Amsberg">Prince Claus of the Netherlands</a> <br /> <small>(Claus von Amsberg)</small></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;border: 1.5px solid green;"><a href="/wiki/Princess_Irene_of_the_Netherlands" title="Princess Irene of the Netherlands">Princess Irene</a>^</td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;border: 1.5px solid red;"><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Hugo,_Duke_of_Parma" title="Carlos Hugo, Duke of Parma">Carlos Hugo, Duke of Parma</a> <br /><i>(div. 1981)</i></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;border: 1.5px solid green;"><a href="/wiki/Princess_Margriet_of_the_Netherlands" title="Princess Margriet of the Netherlands">Princess Margriet</a>*^</td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;border: 1.5px solid green;"><a href="/wiki/Pieter_van_Vollenhoven" title="Pieter van Vollenhoven">Prof. Pieter van Vollenhoven</a>*^</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;border: 1.5px solid red;"><a href="/wiki/Princess_Christina_of_the_Netherlands" title="Princess Christina of the Netherlands">Princess Christina</a></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;border: 1.5px solid green;">Jorge Pérez y Guillermo <br /><i>(div. 1996)</i></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;border: 1.5px solid green;">Bernardo Guillermo^</td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;border: 1.5px solid green;">Eva Marie Valdez^</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;border: 1.5px solid green;">Nicolás Guillermo^</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;border: 1.5px solid green;">Juliana Guillermo^</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;border: 1.5px solid green;"><a href="/wiki/Prince_Maurits_of_Orange-Nassau,_van_Vollenhoven" title="Prince Maurits of Orange-Nassau, van Vollenhoven">Prince Maurits</a>^</td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;border: 1.5px solid green;"><a href="/wiki/Princess_Maril%C3%A8ne_of_Orange-Nassau,_van_Vollenhoven-van_den_Broek" class="mw-redirect" title="Princess Marilène of Orange-Nassau, van Vollenhoven-van den Broek">Princess Marilène</a>^</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;border: 1.5px solid green;"><a href="/wiki/Prince_Bernhard_of_Orange-Nassau,_van_Vollenhoven" title="Prince Bernhard of Orange-Nassau, van Vollenhoven">Prince Bernhard</a>^</td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;border: 1.5px solid green;"><a href="/wiki/Princess_Annette_of_Orange-Nassau,_van_Vollenhoven-Sekr%C3%A8ve" title="Princess Annette of Orange-Nassau, van Vollenhoven-Sekrève">Princess Annette</a>^</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;border: 1.5px solid green;"><a href="/wiki/Prince_Pieter-Christiaan_of_Orange-Nassau,_van_Vollenhoven" title="Prince Pieter-Christiaan of Orange-Nassau, van Vollenhoven">Prince Pieter-Christiaan</a>^</td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;border: 1.5px solid green;"><a href="/wiki/Princess_Anita_of_Orange-Nassau,_van_Vollenhoven-van_Eijk" class="mw-redirect" title="Princess Anita of Orange-Nassau, van Vollenhoven-van Eijk">Princess Anita</a>^</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;border: 1.5px solid green;">Princess Aimée^</td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;border: 1.5px solid green;"><a href="/wiki/Prince_Floris_of_Orange-Nassau,_van_Vollenhoven" title="Prince Floris of Orange-Nassau, van Vollenhoven">Prince Floris</a>^</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;border: 1.5px solid green;"><a href="/wiki/Carlos,_Duke_of_Parma" class="mw-redirect" title="Carlos, Duke of Parma">The Duke of Parma</a>^</td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;border: 1.5px solid green;"><a href="/wiki/Annemarie,_Duchess_of_Parma" title="Annemarie, Duchess of Parma">The Duchess of Parma</a>^</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;border: 1.5px solid green;"><a href="/wiki/Princess_Margarita,_Countess_of_Colorno" class="mw-redirect" title="Princess Margarita, Countess of Colorno">The Countess of Colorno</a>^</td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;border: 1.5px solid green;">Tjalling Siebe ten Cate^</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;border: 1.5px solid green;"><a href="/wiki/Prince_Jaime,_Count_of_Bardi" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince Jaime, Count of Bardi">The Count of Bardi</a>^</td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;border: 1.5px solid green;"><a href="/wiki/Princess_Vikt%C3%B3ria_de_Bourbon_de_Parme" title="Princess Viktória de Bourbon de Parme">The Countess of Bardi</a>^</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;border: 1.5px solid green;"><a href="/wiki/Princess_Carolina,_Marchioness_of_Sala" class="mw-redirect" title="Princess Carolina, Marchioness of Sala">The Marchioness of Sala</a>^</td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;border: 1.5px solid green;">Albert Brenninkmeijer^</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;border: 1.5px solid green;"><b><a href="/wiki/Willem-Alexander_of_the_Netherlands" title="Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands">The King</a></b>*</td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;border: 1.5px solid green;"><a href="/wiki/Queen_M%C3%A1xima_of_the_Netherlands" title="Queen Máxima of the Netherlands">The Queen</a>*</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;border: 1.5px solid red;"><a href="/wiki/Prince_Friso_of_Orange-Nassau" title="Prince Friso of Orange-Nassau">Prince Friso</a></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;border: 1.5px solid green;"><a href="/wiki/Mabel_Wisse_Smit" class="mw-redirect" title="Mabel Wisse Smit">Princess Mabel</a>**</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;border: 1.5px solid green;"><a href="/wiki/Prince_Constantijn_of_the_Netherlands" title="Prince Constantijn of the Netherlands">Prince Constantijn</a>*</td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;border: 1.5px solid green;"><a href="/wiki/Laurentien_Brinkhorst" class="mw-redirect" title="Laurentien Brinkhorst">Princess Laurentien</a>*</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;border: 1.5px solid green;"><a href="/wiki/Catharina-Amalia,_Princess_of_Orange" title="Catharina-Amalia, Princess of Orange">The Princess of Orange</a>*</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;border: 1.5px solid green;"><a href="/wiki/Princess_Alexia_of_the_Netherlands" title="Princess Alexia of the Netherlands">Princess Alexia</a>*</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;border: 1.5px solid green;"><a href="/wiki/Princess_Ariane_of_the_Netherlands" title="Princess Ariane of the Netherlands">Princess Ariane</a>*</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;border: 1.5px solid green;">Countess Luana**</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;border: 1.5px solid green;">Countess Zaria**</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;border: 1.5px solid green;"><a href="/wiki/Countess_Eloise_of_Orange-Nassau,_Jonkvrouwe_van_Amsberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Countess Eloise of Orange-Nassau, Jonkvrouwe van Amsberg">Countess Eloise</a>**</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;border: 1.5px solid green;"><a href="/wiki/Count_Claus-Casimir_of_Orange-Nassau,_Jonkheer_van_Amsberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Count Claus-Casimir of Orange-Nassau, Jonkheer van Amsberg">Count Claus-Casimir</a>**</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;border: 1.5px solid green;"><a href="/wiki/Countess_Leonore_of_Orange-Nassau,_Jonkvrouwe_van_Amsberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Countess Leonore of Orange-Nassau, Jonkvrouwe van Amsberg">Countess Leonore</a>**</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> </tbody></table> <dl><dt>Notes</dt></dl> <p>* <i>Member of the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_royal_house" title="Dutch royal house">Dutch royal house</a></i> </p><p>** <i>Member of the Royal Family</i> </p><p>^ <i>Member of the extended royal family</i> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Members_of_the_royal_house">Members of the royal house</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_the_Netherlands&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Members of the royal house"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to the official website the members of the royal house are currently:<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Willem-Alexander_of_the_Netherlands" title="Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands">HM King Willem-Alexander, The King of the Netherlands</a> (the sovereign)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_M%C3%A1xima_of_the_Netherlands" title="Queen Máxima of the Netherlands">HM Queen Maxima, The Queen of the Netherlands</a> (the king's wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beatrix_of_the_Netherlands" title="Beatrix of the Netherlands">HRH Princess Beatrix of the Netherlands</a> (the king's mother and predecessor)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catharina-Amalia,_Princess_of_Orange" title="Catharina-Amalia, Princess of Orange">HRH Princess Catharina-Amalia, The Princess of Orange</a> (the king's first daughter and heir)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Alexia_of_the_Netherlands" title="Princess Alexia of the Netherlands">HRH Princess Alexia of the Netherlands</a> (the king's second daughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Ariane_of_the_Netherlands" title="Princess Ariane of the Netherlands">HRH Princess Ariane of the Netherlands</a> (the king's third daughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Constantijn_of_the_Netherlands" title="Prince Constantijn of the Netherlands">HRH Prince Constantijn of the Netherlands</a> (the king's brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurentien_Brinkhorst" class="mw-redirect" title="Laurentien Brinkhorst">HRH Princess Laurentien of the Netherlands</a> (the king's sister-in-law)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Margriet_of_the_Netherlands" title="Princess Margriet of the Netherlands">HRH Princess Margriet of the Netherlands</a> (the king's aunt)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pieter_van_Vollenhoven" title="Pieter van Vollenhoven">Prof. Pieter van Vollenhoven</a> (the king's uncle)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Members_of_the_royal_family">Members of the royal family</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_the_Netherlands&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Members of the royal family"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to the official website the royal family consists of the members of the royal house plus other legitimate descendants of Queen Juliana:<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><i>Descendants of Princess Beatrix</i> <ul><li>HRH <a href="/wiki/Princess_Mabel_of_Orange-Nassau" title="Princess Mabel of Orange-Nassau">Princess Mabel of Orange-Nassau</a> <ul><li>Countess Luana of Orange-Nassau</li> <li>Countess Zaria of Orange-Nassau</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Countess_Eloise_of_Orange-Nassau,_Jonkvrouwe_van_Amsberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Countess Eloise of Orange-Nassau, Jonkvrouwe van Amsberg">Countess Eloise of Orange-Nassau, Jonkvrouwe van Amsberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Count_Claus-Casimir_of_Orange-Nassau,_Jonkheer_van_Amsberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Count Claus-Casimir of Orange-Nassau, Jonkheer van Amsberg">Count Claus-Casimir of Orange-Nassau, Jonkheer van Amsberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Countess_Leonore_of_Orange-Nassau,_Jonkvrouwe_van_Amsberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Countess Leonore of Orange-Nassau, Jonkvrouwe van Amsberg">Countess Leonore of Orange-Nassau, Jonkvrouwe van Amsberg</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>HRH <a href="/wiki/Princess_Irene_of_the_Netherlands" title="Princess Irene of the Netherlands">Princess Irene of the Netherlands</a> <ul><li>HRH <a href="/wiki/Prince_Carlos,_Duke_of_Parma" title="Prince Carlos, Duke of Parma">Prince Carlos Xavier, The Duke of Parma and Piacenza</a></li> <li>HRH <a href="/wiki/Annemarie,_Duchess_of_Parma" title="Annemarie, Duchess of Parma">Princess Annemarie, The Duchess of Parma and Piacenza</a> <ul><li>HRH <a href="/wiki/Prince_Hugo_de_Bourbon_de_Parme" title="Prince Hugo de Bourbon de Parme">Prince Hugo de Bourbon de Parme</a> (born illegitimate son of Prince Carlos Xavier and Brigitte Klynstra)</li> <li>HRH Princess Luisa Irene, The Marchioness of Castell'Arquato</li> <li>HRH Princess Cecilia Maria, The Countess of Berceto</li> <li>HRH Prince Carlos, The Prince of Piacenza</li></ul></li> <li>HRH <a href="/wiki/Princess_Margarita,_Countess_of_Colorno" class="mw-redirect" title="Princess Margarita, Countess of Colorno">Princess Margarita, The Countess of Colorno</a></li> <li>Mr Tjalling ten Cate <ul><li>Miss Julia ten Cate</li> <li>Miss Paola ten Cate</li></ul></li> <li>HRH <a href="/wiki/Prince_Jaime,_Count_of_Bardi" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince Jaime, Count of Bardi">Prince Jaime, The Count of Bardi</a></li> <li>HRH <a href="/wiki/Princess_Vikt%C3%B3ria_de_Bourbon_de_Parme" title="Princess Viktória de Bourbon de Parme">Princess Viktória, The Countess of Bardi</a> <ul><li>HRH Princess Zita Clara of Bourbon-Parma</li> <li>HRH Princess Gloria Irene of Bourbon-Parma</li></ul></li> <li>HRH <a href="/wiki/Princess_Carolina,_Marchioness_of_Sala" class="mw-redirect" title="Princess Carolina, Marchioness of Sala">Princess Carolina, The Marchioness of Sala</a></li> <li>Mr Albert Brenninkmeijer <ul><li>Miss Alaïa-Maria Brenninkmeijer</li> <li>Mr Xavier Brenninkmeijer</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><i>Descendants of Princess Margriet</i> <ul><li>HH <a href="/wiki/Prince_Maurits_of_Orange-Nassau,_van_Vollenhoven" title="Prince Maurits of Orange-Nassau, van Vollenhoven">Prince Maurits of Orange-Nassau, van Vollenhoven</a></li> <li>HH <a href="/wiki/Princess_Maril%C3%A8ne_of_Orange-Nassau,_van_Vollenhoven-van_den_Broek" class="mw-redirect" title="Princess Marilène of Orange-Nassau, van Vollenhoven-van den Broek">Princess Marilène of Orange-Nassau, van Vollenhoven-van den Broek</a> <ul><li>Miss Anna van Lippe-Biesterfeld van Vollenhoven</li> <li>Mr Lucas van Lippe-Biesterfeld van Vollenhoven</li> <li>Miss Felicia van Lippe-Biesterfeld van Vollenhoven</li></ul></li> <li>HH <a href="/wiki/Prince_Bernhard_of_Orange-Nassau,_van_Vollenhoven" title="Prince Bernhard of Orange-Nassau, van Vollenhoven">Prince Bernhard of Orange-Nassau, van Vollenhoven</a></li> <li>HH <a href="/wiki/Princess_Annette_of_Orange-Nassau,_van_Vollenhoven-Sekr%C3%A8ve" title="Princess Annette of Orange-Nassau, van Vollenhoven-Sekrève">Princess Annette of Orange-Nassau, van Vollenhoven-Sekrève</a> <ul><li>Miss Isabella van Vollenhoven</li> <li>Mr Samuel van Vollenhoven</li> <li>Mr Benjamin van Vollenhoven</li></ul></li> <li>HH <a href="/wiki/Prince_Pieter-Christiaan_of_Orange-Nassau,_van_Vollenhoven" title="Prince Pieter-Christiaan of Orange-Nassau, van Vollenhoven">Prince Pieter-Christiaan of Orange-Nassau, van Vollenhoven</a></li> <li>HH <a href="/wiki/Princess_Anita_of_Orange-Nassau,_van_Vollenhoven-van_Eijk" class="mw-redirect" title="Princess Anita of Orange-Nassau, van Vollenhoven-van Eijk">Princess Anita of Orange-Nassau, van Vollenhoven-van Eijk</a> <ul><li>Miss Emma van Vollenhoven</li> <li>Mr Pieter van Vollenhoven</li></ul></li> <li>HH <a href="/wiki/Prince_Floris_of_Orange-Nassau,_van_Vollenhoven" title="Prince Floris of Orange-Nassau, van Vollenhoven">Prince Floris of Orange-Nassau, van Vollenhoven</a></li> <li>HH Princess Aimée of Orange-Nassau, van Vollenhoven-Söhngen <ul><li>Miss Magali van Vollenhoven</li> <li>Miss Eliane van Vollenhoven</li> <li>Mr Willem van Vollenhoven</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><i>Descendants of the late <a href="/wiki/Princess_Christina_of_the_Netherlands" title="Princess Christina of the Netherlands">Princess Christina</a></i> <ul><li>Mr Bernardo Guillermo</li> <li>Mrs Eva Guillermo <ul><li>Miss Isabel Guillermo</li> <li>Mr Julián Guillermo</li></ul></li> <li>Mr Nicolás Guillermo <ul><li>Mr Joaquín Guillermo</li> <li>Miss Carmen Guillermo</li></ul></li> <li>Miss Juliana Guillermo <ul><li>Mr Kai Bodhi</li> <li>Mr Numa Bodhi</li> <li>Miss Aida Bodhi</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Standards">Standards</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_the_Netherlands&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Standards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Dutch royal family also makes extensive use of royal standards that are based on their coats of arms. While these are <a href="/wiki/Heraldic_flag" title="Heraldic flag">heraldic flags</a>, they are not <a href="/wiki/Banner_of_arms" title="Banner of arms">a person's coat of arms in banner form</a> as the British royal family does. Some examples from the royal family's website are:<sup id="cite_ref-koninklijkhuis_76-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-koninklijkhuis-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>The standards of the ruling king or queen:</li></ul> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_Flag_of_the_Netherlands_until_1908.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Royal Flag of the Netherlands until 1908"><img alt="Royal Flag of the Netherlands until 1908" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Royal_Flag_of_the_Netherlands_until_1908.png/120px-Royal_Flag_of_the_Netherlands_until_1908.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Royal_Flag_of_the_Netherlands_until_1908.png/180px-Royal_Flag_of_the_Netherlands_until_1908.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Royal_Flag_of_the_Netherlands_until_1908.png/240px-Royal_Flag_of_the_Netherlands_until_1908.png 2x" data-file-width="1056" data-file-height="702" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Royal Flag of the Netherlands until 1908</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_Standard_of_the_Netherlands.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Current Royal Standard of the Netherlands"><img alt="Current Royal Standard of the Netherlands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Royal_Standard_of_the_Netherlands.svg/120px-Royal_Standard_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Royal_Standard_of_the_Netherlands.svg/180px-Royal_Standard_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Royal_Standard_of_the_Netherlands.svg/240px-Royal_Standard_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Current Royal Standard of the Netherlands</div> </li> </ul> <ul><li>The standards of the current sons of Princess Beatrix and their wives, and the Princess' husband:</li></ul> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Standard_of_a_Prince_of_the_Netherlands_(sons_of_Beatrix).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Royal Standard of the Princes of the Netherlands (Sons of Queen Beatrix)"><img alt="Royal Standard of the Princes of the Netherlands (Sons of Queen Beatrix)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Standard_of_a_Prince_of_the_Netherlands_%28sons_of_Beatrix%29.svg/120px-Standard_of_a_Prince_of_the_Netherlands_%28sons_of_Beatrix%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Standard_of_a_Prince_of_the_Netherlands_%28sons_of_Beatrix%29.svg/180px-Standard_of_a_Prince_of_the_Netherlands_%28sons_of_Beatrix%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Standard_of_a_Prince_of_the_Netherlands_%28sons_of_Beatrix%29.svg/240px-Standard_of_a_Prince_of_the_Netherlands_%28sons_of_Beatrix%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="730" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Royal Standard of the Princes of the Netherlands (Sons of Queen Beatrix)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Standard_of_Claus_von_Amsberg_as_Royal_consort_of_the_Netherlands.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Standard of Claus von Amsberg as Royal consort of the Netherlands"><img alt="Standard of Claus von Amsberg as Royal consort of the Netherlands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Standard_of_Claus_von_Amsberg_as_Royal_consort_of_the_Netherlands.png/120px-Standard_of_Claus_von_Amsberg_as_Royal_consort_of_the_Netherlands.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Standard_of_Claus_von_Amsberg_as_Royal_consort_of_the_Netherlands.png/180px-Standard_of_Claus_von_Amsberg_as_Royal_consort_of_the_Netherlands.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Standard_of_Claus_von_Amsberg_as_Royal_consort_of_the_Netherlands.png/240px-Standard_of_Claus_von_Amsberg_as_Royal_consort_of_the_Netherlands.png 2x" data-file-width="1869" data-file-height="1521" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Standard of Claus von Amsberg as Royal consort of the Netherlands</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_Standard_of_M%C3%A1xima_of_Orange-Nassau.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Standard of Princess Máxima of the Netherlands"><img alt="Standard of Princess Máxima of the Netherlands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Royal_Standard_of_M%C3%A1xima_of_Orange-Nassau.svg/120px-Royal_Standard_of_M%C3%A1xima_of_Orange-Nassau.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Royal_Standard_of_M%C3%A1xima_of_Orange-Nassau.svg/180px-Royal_Standard_of_M%C3%A1xima_of_Orange-Nassau.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Royal_Standard_of_M%C3%A1xima_of_Orange-Nassau.svg/240px-Royal_Standard_of_M%C3%A1xima_of_Orange-Nassau.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="730" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Standard of Princess Máxima of the Netherlands</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_Standard_of_Laurentien_of_Orange-Nassau.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Standard of Princess Laurentien of the Netherlands"><img alt="Standard of Princess Laurentien of the Netherlands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Royal_Standard_of_Laurentien_of_Orange-Nassau.svg/120px-Royal_Standard_of_Laurentien_of_Orange-Nassau.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Royal_Standard_of_Laurentien_of_Orange-Nassau.svg/180px-Royal_Standard_of_Laurentien_of_Orange-Nassau.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Royal_Standard_of_Laurentien_of_Orange-Nassau.svg/240px-Royal_Standard_of_Laurentien_of_Orange-Nassau.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="730" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Standard of Princess Laurentien of the Netherlands</div> </li> </ul> <ul><li>The standards of the sisters of Princess Beatrix and their children:</li></ul> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Standard_of_a_Princess_of_the_Netherlands_(daughters_of_Juliana).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Standard of the Princesses of the Netherlands (Daughters of Queen Juliana)"><img alt="Standard of the Princesses of the Netherlands (Daughters of Queen Juliana)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Standard_of_a_Princess_of_the_Netherlands_%28daughters_of_Juliana%29.svg/120px-Standard_of_a_Princess_of_the_Netherlands_%28daughters_of_Juliana%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Standard_of_a_Princess_of_the_Netherlands_%28daughters_of_Juliana%29.svg/180px-Standard_of_a_Princess_of_the_Netherlands_%28daughters_of_Juliana%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Standard_of_a_Princess_of_the_Netherlands_%28daughters_of_Juliana%29.svg/240px-Standard_of_a_Princess_of_the_Netherlands_%28daughters_of_Juliana%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="730" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Standard of the Princesses of the Netherlands (Daughters of Queen Juliana)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Standard_of_a_Prince_of_the_Netherlands_(sons_of_Margriet).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Standard of the Princes of Oranje-Nassau (Sons of Princess Margriet )"><img alt="Standard of the Princes of Oranje-Nassau (Sons of Princess Margriet )" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Standard_of_a_Prince_of_the_Netherlands_%28sons_of_Margriet%29.svg/120px-Standard_of_a_Prince_of_the_Netherlands_%28sons_of_Margriet%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Standard_of_a_Prince_of_the_Netherlands_%28sons_of_Margriet%29.svg/180px-Standard_of_a_Prince_of_the_Netherlands_%28sons_of_Margriet%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Standard_of_a_Prince_of_the_Netherlands_%28sons_of_Margriet%29.svg/240px-Standard_of_a_Prince_of_the_Netherlands_%28sons_of_Margriet%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="730" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Standard of the Princes of Oranje-Nassau (Sons of Princess Margriet )</div> </li> </ul> <ul><li>The standards of former members of the royal family:</li></ul> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_Standard_of_Juliana_of_Orange-Nassau_(1980%E2%80%932004).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Standard of Juliana of the Netherlands as Princess"><img alt="Standard of Juliana of the Netherlands as Princess" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Royal_Standard_of_Juliana_of_Orange-Nassau_%281980%E2%80%932004%29.svg/120px-Royal_Standard_of_Juliana_of_Orange-Nassau_%281980%E2%80%932004%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Royal_Standard_of_Juliana_of_Orange-Nassau_%281980%E2%80%932004%29.svg/180px-Royal_Standard_of_Juliana_of_Orange-Nassau_%281980%E2%80%932004%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Royal_Standard_of_Juliana_of_Orange-Nassau_%281980%E2%80%932004%29.svg/240px-Royal_Standard_of_Juliana_of_Orange-Nassau_%281980%E2%80%932004%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="730" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Standard of Juliana of the Netherlands as Princess</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_Standard_of_the_Prince_Consort_of_the_Netherlands_(1948%E2%80%931980).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Standard of Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld as Royal consort of the Netherlands"><img alt="Standard of Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld as Royal consort of the Netherlands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Royal_Standard_of_the_Prince_Consort_of_the_Netherlands_%281948%E2%80%931980%29.svg/120px-Royal_Standard_of_the_Prince_Consort_of_the_Netherlands_%281948%E2%80%931980%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Royal_Standard_of_the_Prince_Consort_of_the_Netherlands_%281948%E2%80%931980%29.svg/180px-Royal_Standard_of_the_Prince_Consort_of_the_Netherlands_%281948%E2%80%931980%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Royal_Standard_of_the_Prince_Consort_of_the_Netherlands_%281948%E2%80%931980%29.svg/240px-Royal_Standard_of_the_Prince_Consort_of_the_Netherlands_%281948%E2%80%931980%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="730" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Standard of Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld as Royal consort of the Netherlands</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Prins_Hendrik_(1876-1934)_standaard.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Standard of Hendrik of Mecklenburg-Schwerin as Royal consort of the Netherlands"><img alt="Standard of Hendrik of Mecklenburg-Schwerin as Royal consort of the Netherlands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Prins_Hendrik_%281876-1934%29_standaard.svg/120px-Prins_Hendrik_%281876-1934%29_standaard.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Prins_Hendrik_%281876-1934%29_standaard.svg/180px-Prins_Hendrik_%281876-1934%29_standaard.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Prins_Hendrik_%281876-1934%29_standaard.svg/240px-Prins_Hendrik_%281876-1934%29_standaard.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="320" data-file-height="264" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Standard of Hendrik of Mecklenburg-Schwerin as Royal consort of the Netherlands</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_Standard_of_Emma_of_Waldeck-Pyrmont_(1908%E2%80%931934).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Standard of Queen Mother Emma of the Netherlands"><img alt="Standard of Queen Mother Emma of the Netherlands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Royal_Standard_of_Emma_of_Waldeck-Pyrmont_%281908%E2%80%931934%29.svg/120px-Royal_Standard_of_Emma_of_Waldeck-Pyrmont_%281908%E2%80%931934%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Royal_Standard_of_Emma_of_Waldeck-Pyrmont_%281908%E2%80%931934%29.svg/180px-Royal_Standard_of_Emma_of_Waldeck-Pyrmont_%281908%E2%80%931934%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Royal_Standard_of_Emma_of_Waldeck-Pyrmont_%281908%E2%80%931934%29.svg/240px-Royal_Standard_of_Emma_of_Waldeck-Pyrmont_%281908%E2%80%931934%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="730" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Standard of Queen Mother Emma of the Netherlands</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_Standard_of_Marie_of_Orange-Nassau_(1908%E2%80%931910).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Standard of Marie of Wied, Princess of the Netherlands"><img alt="Standard of Marie of Wied, Princess of the Netherlands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Royal_Standard_of_Marie_of_Orange-Nassau_%281908%E2%80%931910%29.svg/120px-Royal_Standard_of_Marie_of_Orange-Nassau_%281908%E2%80%931910%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Royal_Standard_of_Marie_of_Orange-Nassau_%281908%E2%80%931910%29.svg/180px-Royal_Standard_of_Marie_of_Orange-Nassau_%281908%E2%80%931910%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Royal_Standard_of_Marie_of_Orange-Nassau_%281908%E2%80%931910%29.svg/240px-Royal_Standard_of_Marie_of_Orange-Nassau_%281908%E2%80%931910%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="730" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Standard of <a href="/wiki/Princess_Marie_of_the_Netherlands" title="Princess Marie of the Netherlands">Marie of Wied</a>, Princess of the Netherlands</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Monograms">Monograms</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_the_Netherlands&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Monograms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Like most Royal Families, the Dutch royal family also makes use of royal <a href="/wiki/Monograms" class="mw-redirect" title="Monograms">monograms</a>. Some examples from the royal family's website are:<sup id="cite_ref-koninklijkhuis_76-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-koninklijkhuis-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>The monograms of the ruling kings or queens:</li></ul> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_Monogram_of_Prince_Willem-Alexander_of_the_Netherlands.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="King Willem-Alexander"><img alt="King Willem-Alexander" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Royal_Monogram_of_Prince_Willem-Alexander_of_the_Netherlands.svg/66px-Royal_Monogram_of_Prince_Willem-Alexander_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="66" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Royal_Monogram_of_Prince_Willem-Alexander_of_the_Netherlands.svg/100px-Royal_Monogram_of_Prince_Willem-Alexander_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Royal_Monogram_of_Prince_Willem-Alexander_of_the_Netherlands.svg/133px-Royal_Monogram_of_Prince_Willem-Alexander_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="225" data-file-height="405" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">King Willem-Alexander </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_Monogram_of_Queen_Beatrix_of_the_Netherlands.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Queen Beatrix"><img alt="Queen Beatrix" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Royal_Monogram_of_Queen_Beatrix_of_the_Netherlands.svg/70px-Royal_Monogram_of_Queen_Beatrix_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Royal_Monogram_of_Queen_Beatrix_of_the_Netherlands.svg/105px-Royal_Monogram_of_Queen_Beatrix_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Royal_Monogram_of_Queen_Beatrix_of_the_Netherlands.svg/139px-Royal_Monogram_of_Queen_Beatrix_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="220" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Queen Beatrix </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_Monogram_of_Queen_Juliana_of_the_Netherlands.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Queen Juliana"><img alt="Queen Juliana" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Royal_Monogram_of_Queen_Juliana_of_the_Netherlands.svg/51px-Royal_Monogram_of_Queen_Juliana_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="51" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Royal_Monogram_of_Queen_Juliana_of_the_Netherlands.svg/76px-Royal_Monogram_of_Queen_Juliana_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Royal_Monogram_of_Queen_Juliana_of_the_Netherlands.svg/101px-Royal_Monogram_of_Queen_Juliana_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="105" data-file-height="248" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Queen Juliana</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_Monogram_of_Queen_Juliana_of_the_Netherlands,_Variant.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Queen Juliana, Variant"><img alt="Queen Juliana, Variant" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Royal_Monogram_of_Queen_Juliana_of_the_Netherlands%2C_Variant.svg/63px-Royal_Monogram_of_Queen_Juliana_of_the_Netherlands%2C_Variant.svg.png" decoding="async" width="63" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Royal_Monogram_of_Queen_Juliana_of_the_Netherlands%2C_Variant.svg/94px-Royal_Monogram_of_Queen_Juliana_of_the_Netherlands%2C_Variant.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Royal_Monogram_of_Queen_Juliana_of_the_Netherlands%2C_Variant.svg/125px-Royal_Monogram_of_Queen_Juliana_of_the_Netherlands%2C_Variant.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="247" data-file-height="472" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Queen Juliana, Variant</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_Monogram_of_Queen_Wilhelmina_of_the_Netherlands.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Queen Wilhelmina"><img alt="Queen Wilhelmina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Royal_Monogram_of_Queen_Wilhelmina_of_the_Netherlands.svg/100px-Royal_Monogram_of_Queen_Wilhelmina_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Royal_Monogram_of_Queen_Wilhelmina_of_the_Netherlands.svg/150px-Royal_Monogram_of_Queen_Wilhelmina_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Royal_Monogram_of_Queen_Wilhelmina_of_the_Netherlands.svg/200px-Royal_Monogram_of_Queen_Wilhelmina_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="268" data-file-height="322" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Queen Wilhelmina </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_Monogram_of_William_I-III_of_the_Netherlands_and_Luxembourg.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="William I-III"><img alt="William I-III" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Royal_Monogram_of_William_I-III_of_the_Netherlands_and_Luxembourg.svg/81px-Royal_Monogram_of_William_I-III_of_the_Netherlands_and_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="81" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Royal_Monogram_of_William_I-III_of_the_Netherlands_and_Luxembourg.svg/121px-Royal_Monogram_of_William_I-III_of_the_Netherlands_and_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Royal_Monogram_of_William_I-III_of_the_Netherlands_and_Luxembourg.svg/162px-Royal_Monogram_of_William_I-III_of_the_Netherlands_and_Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="199" data-file-height="295" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">William I-III </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_Monogram_of_King_Willem_I_of_the_Netherlands.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="William I"><img alt="William I" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Royal_Monogram_of_King_Willem_I_of_the_Netherlands.svg/89px-Royal_Monogram_of_King_Willem_I_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="89" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Royal_Monogram_of_King_Willem_I_of_the_Netherlands.svg/133px-Royal_Monogram_of_King_Willem_I_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Royal_Monogram_of_King_Willem_I_of_the_Netherlands.svg/177px-Royal_Monogram_of_King_Willem_I_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="281" data-file-height="380" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">William I</div> </li> </ul> <ul><li>The monograms of some members of the royal family;</li></ul> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_Monogram_of_Queen_Anna_Pavlovna_of_the_Netherlands.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Queen Anna Pavlovna"><img alt="Queen Anna Pavlovna" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Royal_Monogram_of_Queen_Anna_Pavlovna_of_the_Netherlands.svg/82px-Royal_Monogram_of_Queen_Anna_Pavlovna_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="82" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Royal_Monogram_of_Queen_Anna_Pavlovna_of_the_Netherlands.svg/123px-Royal_Monogram_of_Queen_Anna_Pavlovna_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Royal_Monogram_of_Queen_Anna_Pavlovna_of_the_Netherlands.svg/164px-Royal_Monogram_of_Queen_Anna_Pavlovna_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="333" data-file-height="488" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Queen Anna Pavlovna </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_Monogram_of_Queen_Sophie_of_the_Netherlands.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Queen Sophie"><img alt="Queen Sophie" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Royal_Monogram_of_Queen_Sophie_of_the_Netherlands.svg/65px-Royal_Monogram_of_Queen_Sophie_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="65" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Royal_Monogram_of_Queen_Sophie_of_the_Netherlands.svg/97px-Royal_Monogram_of_Queen_Sophie_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Royal_Monogram_of_Queen_Sophie_of_the_Netherlands.svg/130px-Royal_Monogram_of_Queen_Sophie_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="205" data-file-height="378" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Queen Sophie </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_Monogram_of_Queen_Emma_of_the_Netherlands.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Queen Emma"><img alt="Queen Emma" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Royal_Monogram_of_Queen_Emma_of_the_Netherlands.svg/59px-Royal_Monogram_of_Queen_Emma_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="59" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Royal_Monogram_of_Queen_Emma_of_the_Netherlands.svg/89px-Royal_Monogram_of_Queen_Emma_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Royal_Monogram_of_Queen_Emma_of_the_Netherlands.svg/119px-Royal_Monogram_of_Queen_Emma_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="225" data-file-height="452" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Queen Emma </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_Monogram_of_Queen_Emma_of_the_Netherlands,_Variant.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Queen Emma, Variant"><img alt="Queen Emma, Variant" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Royal_Monogram_of_Queen_Emma_of_the_Netherlands%2C_Variant.svg/73px-Royal_Monogram_of_Queen_Emma_of_the_Netherlands%2C_Variant.svg.png" decoding="async" width="73" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Royal_Monogram_of_Queen_Emma_of_the_Netherlands%2C_Variant.svg/110px-Royal_Monogram_of_Queen_Emma_of_the_Netherlands%2C_Variant.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Royal_Monogram_of_Queen_Emma_of_the_Netherlands%2C_Variant.svg/147px-Royal_Monogram_of_Queen_Emma_of_the_Netherlands%2C_Variant.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="323" data-file-height="528" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Queen Emma, Variant </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_Monogram_of_Prince_Henry_of_the_Netherlands.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Prince Henry"><img alt="Prince Henry" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Royal_Monogram_of_Prince_Henry_of_the_Netherlands.svg/79px-Royal_Monogram_of_Prince_Henry_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="79" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Royal_Monogram_of_Prince_Henry_of_the_Netherlands.svg/118px-Royal_Monogram_of_Prince_Henry_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Royal_Monogram_of_Prince_Henry_of_the_Netherlands.svg/158px-Royal_Monogram_of_Prince_Henry_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="267" data-file-height="406" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Prince Henry </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_Monogram_of_Prince_Bernhard_of_the_Netherlands.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Prince Bernhard"><img alt="Prince Bernhard" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Royal_Monogram_of_Prince_Bernhard_of_the_Netherlands.svg/58px-Royal_Monogram_of_Prince_Bernhard_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="58" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Royal_Monogram_of_Prince_Bernhard_of_the_Netherlands.svg/87px-Royal_Monogram_of_Prince_Bernhard_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Royal_Monogram_of_Prince_Bernhard_of_the_Netherlands.svg/116px-Royal_Monogram_of_Prince_Bernhard_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="216" data-file-height="444" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Prince Bernhard </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dual_Cypher_of_Queen_Juliana_and_Prince_Bernhard_of_the_Netherlands.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Queen Juliana and Prince Bernhard"><img alt="Queen Juliana and Prince Bernhard" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Dual_Cypher_of_Queen_Juliana_and_Prince_Bernhard_of_the_Netherlands.svg/44px-Dual_Cypher_of_Queen_Juliana_and_Prince_Bernhard_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="44" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Dual_Cypher_of_Queen_Juliana_and_Prince_Bernhard_of_the_Netherlands.svg/66px-Dual_Cypher_of_Queen_Juliana_and_Prince_Bernhard_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Dual_Cypher_of_Queen_Juliana_and_Prince_Bernhard_of_the_Netherlands.svg/88px-Dual_Cypher_of_Queen_Juliana_and_Prince_Bernhard_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="138" data-file-height="377" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Queen Juliana and Prince Bernhard </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_Monogram_of_Prince_Claus_of_the_Netherlands.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Prince Claus"><img alt="Prince Claus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Royal_Monogram_of_Prince_Claus_of_the_Netherlands.svg/60px-Royal_Monogram_of_Prince_Claus_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Royal_Monogram_of_Prince_Claus_of_the_Netherlands.svg/90px-Royal_Monogram_of_Prince_Claus_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Royal_Monogram_of_Prince_Claus_of_the_Netherlands.svg/121px-Royal_Monogram_of_Prince_Claus_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="228" data-file-height="453" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Prince Claus</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_Monogram_of_Princess_Maxima_of_the_Netherlands.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Queen Máxima"><img alt="Queen Máxima" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Royal_Monogram_of_Princess_Maxima_of_the_Netherlands.svg/68px-Royal_Monogram_of_Princess_Maxima_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="68" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Royal_Monogram_of_Princess_Maxima_of_the_Netherlands.svg/102px-Royal_Monogram_of_Princess_Maxima_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Royal_Monogram_of_Princess_Maxima_of_the_Netherlands.svg/135px-Royal_Monogram_of_Princess_Maxima_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="190" data-file-height="336" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Queen Máxima </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dual_Cypher_of_Willem_and_Maxima_of_the_Netherlands.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Willem-Alexander and Máxima"><img alt="Willem-Alexander and Máxima" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Dual_Cypher_of_Willem_and_Maxima_of_the_Netherlands.svg/91px-Dual_Cypher_of_Willem_and_Maxima_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="91" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Dual_Cypher_of_Willem_and_Maxima_of_the_Netherlands.svg/136px-Dual_Cypher_of_Willem_and_Maxima_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Dual_Cypher_of_Willem_and_Maxima_of_the_Netherlands.svg/181px-Dual_Cypher_of_Willem_and_Maxima_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="325" data-file-height="430" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Willem-Alexander and Máxima </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_Monogram_of_Prince_Johan_Friso_of_the_Netherlands.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Prince Friso"><img alt="Prince Friso" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Royal_Monogram_of_Prince_Johan_Friso_of_the_Netherlands.svg/55px-Royal_Monogram_of_Prince_Johan_Friso_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="55" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Royal_Monogram_of_Prince_Johan_Friso_of_the_Netherlands.svg/82px-Royal_Monogram_of_Prince_Johan_Friso_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Royal_Monogram_of_Prince_Johan_Friso_of_the_Netherlands.svg/110px-Royal_Monogram_of_Prince_Johan_Friso_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="191" data-file-height="416" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Prince Friso</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dual_Cypher_of_Prince_Friso_and_Princess_Mabel_of_the_Netherlands.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Prince Friso and Princess Mabel"><img alt="Prince Friso and Princess Mabel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Dual_Cypher_of_Prince_Friso_and_Princess_Mabel_of_the_Netherlands.svg/60px-Dual_Cypher_of_Prince_Friso_and_Princess_Mabel_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Dual_Cypher_of_Prince_Friso_and_Princess_Mabel_of_the_Netherlands.svg/91px-Dual_Cypher_of_Prince_Friso_and_Princess_Mabel_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Dual_Cypher_of_Prince_Friso_and_Princess_Mabel_of_the_Netherlands.svg/121px-Dual_Cypher_of_Prince_Friso_and_Princess_Mabel_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="192" data-file-height="380" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> Prince Friso and Princess Mabel </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_Monogram_of_Prince_Constantijn_of_the_Netherlands.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Prince Constantijn"><img alt="Prince Constantijn" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Royal_Monogram_of_Prince_Constantijn_of_the_Netherlands.svg/62px-Royal_Monogram_of_Prince_Constantijn_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="62" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Royal_Monogram_of_Prince_Constantijn_of_the_Netherlands.svg/94px-Royal_Monogram_of_Prince_Constantijn_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Royal_Monogram_of_Prince_Constantijn_of_the_Netherlands.svg/125px-Royal_Monogram_of_Prince_Constantijn_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="185" data-file-height="354" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Prince Constantijn </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_Monogram_of_Princess_Laurentien_of_the_Netherlands.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Princess Laurentien"><img alt="Princess Laurentien" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Royal_Monogram_of_Princess_Laurentien_of_the_Netherlands.svg/89px-Royal_Monogram_of_Princess_Laurentien_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="89" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Royal_Monogram_of_Princess_Laurentien_of_the_Netherlands.svg/134px-Royal_Monogram_of_Princess_Laurentien_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Royal_Monogram_of_Princess_Laurentien_of_the_Netherlands.svg/179px-Royal_Monogram_of_Princess_Laurentien_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="328" data-file-height="440" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Princess Laurentien </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dual_Cypher_of_Prince_Constantijn_and_Princess_Laurentien_of_the_Netherlands.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Prince Constantijn and Princess Laurentien"><img alt="Prince Constantijn and Princess Laurentien" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Dual_Cypher_of_Prince_Constantijn_and_Princess_Laurentien_of_the_Netherlands.svg/69px-Dual_Cypher_of_Prince_Constantijn_and_Princess_Laurentien_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="69" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Dual_Cypher_of_Prince_Constantijn_and_Princess_Laurentien_of_the_Netherlands.svg/103px-Dual_Cypher_of_Prince_Constantijn_and_Princess_Laurentien_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Dual_Cypher_of_Prince_Constantijn_and_Princess_Laurentien_of_the_Netherlands.svg/138px-Dual_Cypher_of_Prince_Constantijn_and_Princess_Laurentien_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="241" data-file-height="420" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Prince Constantijn and Princess Laurentien</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_Monogram_of_Princess_Catharina-Amalia_of_the_Netherlands.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Catharina Amalia, The Princess of Orange"><img alt="Catharina Amalia, The Princess of Orange" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Royal_Monogram_of_Princess_Catharina-Amalia_of_the_Netherlands.svg/50px-Royal_Monogram_of_Princess_Catharina-Amalia_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Royal_Monogram_of_Princess_Catharina-Amalia_of_the_Netherlands.svg/76px-Royal_Monogram_of_Princess_Catharina-Amalia_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Royal_Monogram_of_Princess_Catharina-Amalia_of_the_Netherlands.svg/101px-Royal_Monogram_of_Princess_Catharina-Amalia_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="149" data-file-height="353" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Catharina Amalia, The Princess of Orange</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_the_Netherlands&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heirs_to_the_Dutch_throne" title="List of heirs to the Dutch throne">List of heirs to the Dutch throne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_the_Netherlands" title="List of monarchs of the Netherlands">List of monarchs of the Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="List of rulers of the Netherlands">List of rulers of the Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_stadtholders_for_the_Low_Countries_provinces" class="mw-redirect" title="List of stadtholders for the Low Countries provinces">List of stadtholders for the Low Countries provinces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchies_in_Europe" title="Monarchies in Europe">Monarchies in Europe</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_the_Netherlands&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns 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a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.royal-news.org/features/a-tradition-of-abdication-luxembourg-the-netherlands/">"Archived copy"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240628144207/https://www.royal-news.org/features/a-tradition-of-abdication-luxembourg-the-netherlands/">Archived</a> from the original on 28 June 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.royal-news.org%2Ffeatures%2Fa-tradition-of-abdication-luxembourg-the-netherlands%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+the+Netherlands" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZaken" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Zaken, Ministerie van Algemene. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rijksoverheid.nl/ministeries/ministerie-van-algemene-zaken/documenten/begrotingen/2016/09/20/i-de-koning-rijksbegroting-2017">"I De Koning Rijksbegroting 2017"</a>. <i>www.rijksoverheid.nl</i> (in Dutch). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171228112308/https://www.rijksoverheid.nl/ministeries/ministerie-van-algemene-zaken/documenten/begrotingen/2016/09/20/i-de-koning-rijksbegroting-2017">Archived</a> from the original on 28 December 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 January</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cabinet+opinion+on+Report+on+cost+of+royal+house&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rijksoverheid.nl%2Fdocumenten-en-publicaties%2Fkamerstukken%2F2009%2F03%2F19%2Fbrief-aan-de-tweede-kamer-over-stuurgroep-zalm.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+the+Netherlands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130608183233/http://www.rijksoverheid.nl/documenten-en-publicaties/kamerstukken/2009/03/03/rapport-herziening-stelsel-kosten-koninklijk-huis.html">"Report on cost of Royal House"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rijksoverheid.nl/documenten-en-publicaties/kamerstukken/2009/03/03/rapport-herziening-stelsel-kosten-koninklijk-huis.html">the original</a> on 8 June 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 January</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Report+on+cost+of+Royal+House&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rijksoverheid.nl%2Fdocumenten-en-publicaties%2Fkamerstukken%2F2009%2F03%2F03%2Frapport-herziening-stelsel-kosten-koninklijk-huis.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+the+Netherlands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rijksbegroting.nl/2010/overzicht/begrotingsstaat,I-Huis-der-Koningin.html">"Budget for The King 2010"</a>. 23 April 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120310074723/http://www.rijksbegroting.nl/2010/overzicht/begrotingsstaat,I-Huis-der-Koningin.html">Archived</a> from the original on 10 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 January</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Budget+for+The+King+2010&rft.date=2008-04-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rijksbegroting.nl%2F2010%2Foverzicht%2Fbegrotingsstaat%2CI-Huis-der-Koningin.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+the+Netherlands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKoninklijkhuis2013" class="citation web cs1">Koninklijkhuis (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130621044856/http://www.koninklijkhuis.nl/globale-paginas/taalrubrieken/english/frequently-asked-questions">"Frequently asked questions re King William-Alexander"</a>. Rijksvoorlichtingsdienst (RVD). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.koninklijkhuis.nl/globale-paginas/taalrubrieken/english/frequently-asked-questions/">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(web)</span> on 21 June 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 May</span> 2013</span>. <q> The King's full official titles are King of the Netherlands, Prince of Orange-Nassau, Jonkheer van Amsberg, Count of Katzenelnbogen, Vianden, Diez, Spiegelberg, Buren, Leerdam and Culemborg, Marquis of Veere and Vlissingen, Baron of Breda, Diest, Beilstein, the town of Grave and the lands of Cuyk, IJsselstein, Cranendonk, Eindhoven and Liesveld, Hereditary Lord and Seigneur of Ameland, Lord of Borculo, Bredevoort, Lichtenvoorde, 't Loo, Geertruidenberg, Klundert, Zevenbergen, Hoge and Lage Zwaluwe, Naaldwijk, Polanen, St Maartensdijk, Soest, Baarn and Ter Eem, Willemstad, Steenbergen, Montfort, St Vith, Bütgenbach and Dasburg, Viscount of Antwerp.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Frequently+asked+questions+re+King+William-Alexander&rft.pub=Rijksvoorlichtingsdienst+%28RVD%29&rft.date=2013&rft.au=Koninklijkhuis&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.koninklijkhuis.nl%2Fglobale-paginas%2Ftaalrubrieken%2Fenglish%2Ffrequently-asked-questions%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+the+Netherlands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-archontology-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-archontology_70-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.archontology.org/nations/netherlands/01_style.php">"The Netherlands: Princely and Royal Style: 1813–2013"</a>. Archontology.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170620065901/http://www.archontology.org/nations/netherlands/01_style.php">Archived</a> from the original on 20 June 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 August</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Netherlands%3A+Princely+and+Royal+Style%3A+1813%E2%80%932013&rft.pub=Archontology.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.archontology.org%2Fnations%2Fnetherlands%2F01_style.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+the+Netherlands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Motley1-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Motley1_71-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMotley1855" class="citation book cs1">Motley, John Lothrop (1855). <i>The Rise of the Dutch Republic, vol. 2</i>. Harper & Brothers. p. 37.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Rise+of+the+Dutch+Republic%2C+vol.+2&rft.pages=37&rft.pub=Harper+%26+Brothers&rft.date=1855&rft.aulast=Motley&rft.aufirst=John+Lothrop&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+the+Netherlands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYoung1886" class="citation book cs1">Young, Andrew (1886). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3Kg8AAAAYAAJ&q=%22viscount+of+antwerp%22&pg=PA315"><i>A Short History of the Netherlands (Holland and Belgium)</i></a>. Netherlands: T. F. Unwin. p. 315. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240703194053/https://books.google.com/books?id=3Kg8AAAAYAAJ&q=%22viscount+of+antwerp%22&pg=PA315#v=snippet&q=%22viscount%20of%20antwerp%22&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 3 July 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Short+History+of+the+Netherlands+%28Holland+and+Belgium%29&rft.place=Netherlands&rft.pages=315&rft.pub=T.+F.+Unwin&rft.date=1886&rft.aulast=Young&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3Kg8AAAAYAAJ%26q%3D%2522viscount%2Bof%2Bantwerp%2522%26pg%3DPA315&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+the+Netherlands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPutnam1895" class="citation book cs1">Putnam, Ruth (1895). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/williamsilentpr00putngoog"><i>William the Silent, Prince of Orange: the moderate man of the sixteenth century : the story of his life as told from his own letters, from those of his friends and enemies and from official documents, Volume 1</i></a>. Putnam. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/williamsilentpr00putngoog/page/n239">211</a>. <q>viscount of antwerp.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=William+the+Silent%2C+Prince+of+Orange%3A+the+moderate+man+of+the+sixteenth+century+%3A+the+story+of+his+life+as+told+from+his+own+letters%2C+from+those+of+his+friends+and+enemies+and+from+official+documents%2C+Volume+1&rft.pages=211&rft.pub=Putnam&rft.date=1895&rft.aulast=Putnam&rft.aufirst=Ruth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwilliamsilentpr00putngoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+the+Netherlands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParker2002" class="citation book cs1">Parker, Geoffrey (2002). <i>The Dutch Revolt</i>. Penguin.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Dutch+Revolt&rft.pub=Penguin&rft.date=2002&rft.aulast=Parker&rft.aufirst=Geoffrey&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+the+Netherlands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRowen1990" class="citation book cs1">Rowen, Herbert H. (1990). <i>The Princes of Orange: The Stadholders in the Dutch Republic</i>. Cambridge Univ. Press. <q>In 1582 William the Silent purchased the marquisate of Veere and Vlissingen. It had been the property of Philip II since 1567, but had fallen into arrears to the province. In 1580 the <a href="/wiki/Hof_van_Holland" title="Hof van Holland">Court of Holland</a> ordered it sold. William bought it as it gave him two more votes in the States of Zeeland. He owned the government of the two towns, and so could appoint their magistrates. He already had one as First Noble for Philip William, who had inherited Maartensdijk. This made William the predominant member of the States of Zeeland. It was a smaller version of the countship of Zeeland (& Holland) promised to William, and was a potent political base for his descendants.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Princes+of+Orange%3A+The+Stadholders+in+the+Dutch+Republic&rft.pub=Cambridge+Univ.+Press&rft.date=1990&rft.aulast=Rowen&rft.aufirst=Herbert+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+the+Netherlands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-koninklijkhuis-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-koninklijkhuis_76-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-koninklijkhuis_76-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-koninklijkhuis_76-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-koninklijkhuis_76-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110325102444/http://www.koninklijkhuis.nl/english/">"The Official Website of the Dutch Royal House in English"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.koninklijkhuis.nl/english/">the original</a> on 25 March 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Official+Website+of+the+Dutch+Royal+House+in+English&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.koninklijkhuis.nl%2Fenglish%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+the+Netherlands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAffairs2014" class="citation web cs1">Affairs, Ministry of General (18 August 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.royal-house.nl/members-royal-house">"Members of the Royal House"</a>. <i>www.royal-house.nl</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180906115804/https://www.royal-house.nl/members-royal-house">Archived</a> from the original on 6 September 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 February</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.royal-house.nl&rft.atitle=Members+of+the+Royal+House&rft.date=2014-08-18&rft.aulast=Affairs&rft.aufirst=Ministry+of+General&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.royal-house.nl%2Fmembers-royal-house&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+the+Netherlands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAffairs2015" class="citation web cs1">Affairs, Ministry of General (5 October 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.royal-house.nl/members-royal-house/royal-family">"Royal family"</a>. <i>www.royal-house.nl</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170706142815/https://www.royal-house.nl/members-royal-house/royal-family">Archived</a> from the original on 6 July 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 February</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.royal-house.nl&rft.atitle=Royal+family&rft.date=2015-10-05&rft.aulast=Affairs&rft.aufirst=Ministry+of+General&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.royal-house.nl%2Fmembers-royal-house%2Froyal-family&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+the+Netherlands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Constitutional_references">Constitutional references</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_the_Netherlands&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Constitutional references"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-ConsC2Art24-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ConsC2Art24_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Dutch)</span> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/nl:Nederlandse_grondwet/Hoofdstuk_2#Artikel_24" class="extiw" title="wikisource:nl:Nederlandse grondwet/Hoofdstuk 2">Constitution for the Kingdom of the Netherlands</a> Article 24 (Dutch edition of WikiSource)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ConsC2Art25-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ConsC2Art25_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Dutch)</span> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/nl:Nederlandse_grondwet/Hoofdstuk_2#Artikel_25" class="extiw" title="wikisource:nl:Nederlandse grondwet/Hoofdstuk 2">Constitution for the Kingdom of the Netherlands</a> Article 25 (Dutch edition of WikiSource)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ConsC2Art26-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ConsC2Art26_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Dutch)</span> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/nl:Nederlandse_grondwet/Hoofdstuk_2#Artikel_26" class="extiw" title="wikisource:nl:Nederlandse grondwet/Hoofdstuk 2">Constitution for the Kingdom of the Netherlands</a> Article 26 (Dutch edition of WikiSource)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ConsC2Art33-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ConsC2Art33_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Dutch)</span> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/nl:Nederlandse_grondwet/Hoofdstuk_2#Artikel_33" class="extiw" title="wikisource:nl:Nederlandse grondwet/Hoofdstuk 2">Constitution for the Kingdom of the Netherlands</a> Article 33 (Dutch edition of WikiSource)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ConsC2Art37-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ConsC2Art37_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ConsC2Art37_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Dutch)</span> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/nl:Nederlandse_grondwet/Hoofdstuk_2#Artikel_37" class="extiw" title="wikisource:nl:Nederlandse grondwet/Hoofdstuk 2">Constitution for the Kingdom of the Netherlands</a> Article 37 (Dutch edition of WikiSource)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ConsC2Art34-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ConsC2Art34_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Dutch)</span> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/nl:Nederlandse_grondwet/Hoofdstuk_2#Artikel_34" class="extiw" title="wikisource:nl:Nederlandse grondwet/Hoofdstuk 2">Constitution for the Kingdom of the Netherlands</a> Article 34 (Dutch edition of WikiSource)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ConsC2Art30-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ConsC2Art30_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Dutch)</span> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/nl:Nederlandse_grondwet/Hoofdstuk_2#Artikel_30" class="extiw" title="wikisource:nl:Nederlandse grondwet/Hoofdstuk 2">Constitution for the Kingdom of the Netherlands</a> Article 30 (Dutch edition of WikiSource)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ConsC2Art28-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ConsC2Art28_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Dutch)</span> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/nl:Nederlandse_grondwet/Hoofdstuk_2#Artikel_28" class="extiw" title="wikisource:nl:Nederlandse grondwet/Hoofdstuk 2">Constitution for the Kingdom of the Netherlands</a> Article 28 (Dutch edition of WikiSource)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ConsC2Art29-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ConsC2Art29_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Dutch)</span> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/nl:Nederlandse_grondwet/Hoofdstuk_2#Artikel_29" class="extiw" title="wikisource:nl:Nederlandse grondwet/Hoofdstuk 2">Constitution for the Kingdom of the Netherlands</a> Article 29 (Dutch edition of WikiSource)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ConsC2-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ConsC2_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Dutch)</span> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/nl:Nederlandse_grondwet/Hoofdstuk_2" class="extiw" title="wikisource:nl:Nederlandse grondwet/Hoofdstuk 2">Constitution for the Kingdom of the Netherlands</a> Chapter 2: Government (Dutch edition of WikiSource)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ConsC2Art32-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ConsC2Art32_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Dutch)</span> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/nl:Nederlandse_grondwet/Hoofdstuk_2#Artikel_32" class="extiw" title="wikisource:nl:Nederlandse grondwet/Hoofdstuk 2">Constitution for the Kingdom of the Netherlands</a> Article 32 (Dutch edition of WikiSource)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ConsC2Art27-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ConsC2Art27_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ConsC2Art27_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Dutch)</span> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/nl:Nederlandse_grondwet/Hoofdstuk_2#Artikel_27" class="extiw" title="wikisource:nl:Nederlandse grondwet/Hoofdstuk 2">Constitution for the Kingdom of the Netherlands</a> Article 27 (Dutch edition of WikiSource)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ConsC2Art35-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ConsC2Art35_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ConsC2Art35_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ConsC2Art35_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Dutch)</span> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/nl:Nederlandse_grondwet/Hoofdstuk_2#Artikel_35" class="extiw" title="wikisource:nl:Nederlandse grondwet/Hoofdstuk 2">Constitution for the Kingdom of the Netherlands</a> Article 35 (Dutch edition of WikiSource)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ConsC2Art36-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ConsC2Art36_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ConsC2Art36_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ConsC2Art36_15-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Dutch)</span> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/nl:Nederlandse_grondwet/Hoofdstuk_2#Artikel_36" class="extiw" title="wikisource:nl:Nederlandse grondwet/Hoofdstuk 2">Constitution for the Kingdom of the Netherlands</a> Article 36 (Dutch edition of WikiSource)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ConsC2Art42-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ConsC2Art42_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Dutch)</span> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/nl:Nederlandse_grondwet/Hoofdstuk_2#Artikel_42" class="extiw" title="wikisource:nl:Nederlandse grondwet/Hoofdstuk 2">Constitution for the Kingdom of the Netherlands</a> Article 42 (Dutch edition of WikiSource)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ConsC2Art46-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ConsC2Art46_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Dutch)</span> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/nl:Nederlandse_grondwet/Hoofdstuk_2#Artikel_46" class="extiw" title="wikisource:nl:Nederlandse grondwet/Hoofdstuk 2">Constitution for the Kingdom of the Netherlands</a> Article 46 (Dutch edition of WikiSource)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ConsC2Art45-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ConsC2Art45_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Dutch)</span> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/nl:Nederlandse_grondwet/Hoofdstuk_2#Artikel_45" class="extiw" title="wikisource:nl:Nederlandse grondwet/Hoofdstuk 2">Constitution for the Kingdom of the Netherlands</a> Article 45 (Dutch edition of WikiSource)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ConsC5Art87-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ConsC5Art87_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ConsC5Art87_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Dutch)</span> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/nl:Nederlandse_grondwet/Hoofdstuk_5#Artikel_87" class="extiw" title="wikisource:nl:Nederlandse grondwet/Hoofdstuk 5">Constitution for the Kingdom of the Netherlands</a> Article 87 (Dutch edition of WikiSource)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ConsC5Art82-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ConsC5Art82_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Dutch)</span> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/nl:Nederlandse_grondwet/Hoofdstuk_5#Artikel_82" class="extiw" title="wikisource:nl:Nederlandse grondwet/Hoofdstuk 5">Constitution for the Kingdom of the Netherlands</a> Article 82 (Dutch edition of WikiSource)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ConsC2Art44-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ConsC2Art44_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Dutch)</span> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/nl:Nederlandse_grondwet/Hoofdstuk_2#Artikel_44" class="extiw" title="wikisource:nl:Nederlandse grondwet/Hoofdstuk 2">Constitution for the Kingdom of the Netherlands</a> Article 44 (Dutch edition of WikiSource)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ConsC3Art64-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ConsC3Art64_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ConsC3Art64_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Dutch)</span> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/nl:Nederlandse_grondwet/Hoofdstuk_3#Artikel_64" class="extiw" title="wikisource:nl:Nederlandse grondwet/Hoofdstuk 3">Constitution for the Kingdom of the Netherlands</a> Article 64 (Dutch edition of WikiSource)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ConsC2Art43-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ConsC2Art43_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Dutch)</span> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/nl:Nederlandse_grondwet/Hoofdstuk_2#Artikel_43" class="extiw" title="wikisource:nl:Nederlandse grondwet/Hoofdstuk 2">Constitution for the Kingdom of the Netherlands</a> Article 43 (Dutch edition of WikiSource)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ConsC2Art47-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ConsC2Art47_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Dutch)</span> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/nl:Nederlandse_grondwet/Hoofdstuk_2#Artikel_47" class="extiw" title="wikisource:nl:Nederlandse grondwet/Hoofdstuk 2">Constitution for the Kingdom of the Netherlands</a> Article 47 (Dutch edition of WikiSource)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ConsC2Art48-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ConsC2Art48_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Dutch)</span> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/nl:Nederlandse_grondwet/Hoofdstuk_2#Artikel_48" class="extiw" title="wikisource:nl:Nederlandse grondwet/Hoofdstuk 2">Constitution for the Kingdom of the Netherlands</a> Article 48 (Dutch edition of WikiSource)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ConsC3Art51-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ConsC3Art51_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Dutch)</span> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/nl:Nederlandse_grondwet/Hoofdstuk_3#Artikel_51" class="extiw" title="wikisource:nl:Nederlandse grondwet/Hoofdstuk 3">Constitution for the Kingdom of the Netherlands</a> Article 51 (Dutch edition of WikiSource)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ConsC3Art65-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ConsC3Art65_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Dutch)</span> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/nl:Nederlandse_grondwet/Hoofdstuk_3#Artikel_65" class="extiw" title="wikisource:nl:Nederlandse grondwet/Hoofdstuk 3">Constitution for the Kingdom of the Netherlands</a> Article 65 (Dutch edition of WikiSource)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ConsAddArtXIX-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ConsAddArtXIX_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Dutch)</span> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/nl:Nederlandse_grondwet/Additionele_artikelen#Artikel_XIX" class="extiw" title="wikisource:nl:Nederlandse grondwet/Additionele artikelen">Constitution for the Kingdom of the Netherlands</a> Article XIX (Dutch edition of WikiSource)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ConsC4Art74-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ConsC4Art74_37-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ConsC4Art74_37-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Dutch)</span> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/nl:Nederlandse_grondwet/Hoofdstuk_4#Artikel_74" class="extiw" title="wikisource:nl:Nederlandse grondwet/Hoofdstuk 4">Constitution for the Kingdom of the Netherlands</a> Article 74 (Dutch edition of WikiSource)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ConsC4Art73-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ConsC4Art73_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Dutch)</span> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/nl:Nederlandse_grondwet/Hoofdstuk_4#Artikel_73" class="extiw" title="wikisource:nl:Nederlandse grondwet/Hoofdstuk 4">Constitution for the Kingdom of the Netherlands</a> Article 73 (Dutch edition of WikiSource)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ConsC5Art97-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ConsC5Art97_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Dutch)</span> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/nl:Nederlandse_grondwet/Hoofdstuk_5#Artikel_97" class="extiw" title="wikisource:nl:Nederlandse grondwet/Hoofdstuk 5">Constitution for the Kingdom of the Netherlands</a> Article 97 (Dutch edition of WikiSource)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ConsC2Art40-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ConsC2Art40_44-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ConsC2Art40_44-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ConsC2Art40_44-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ConsC2Art40_44-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Dutch)</span> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/nl:Nederlandse_grondwet/Hoofdstuk_2#Artikel_40" class="extiw" title="wikisource:nl:Nederlandse grondwet/Hoofdstuk 2">Constitution for the Kingdom of the Netherlands</a> Article 40 (Dutch edition of WikiSource)</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="References_to_other_laws_and_related_documentation">References to other laws and related documentation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_the_Netherlands&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: References to other laws and related documentation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-WION-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WION_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Dutch)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wetten.overheid.nl/BWBR0001859/geldigheidsdatum_09-09-2010">Wet instelling van de Orde van Oranje-Nassau</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110609214933/http://wetten.overheid.nl/BWBR0001859/geldigheidsdatum_09-09-2010">Archived</a> 9 June 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, law regarding the Order of Orange-Nassau, Article 3</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WINL-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WINL_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Dutch)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wetten.overheid.nl/BWBR0001823/geldigheidsdatum_09-09-2010">Wet instelling van de Orde van de Nederlandse Leeuw</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110609215134/http://wetten.overheid.nl/BWBR0001823/geldigheidsdatum_09-09-2010">Archived</a> 9 June 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, law regarding the Order of the Dutch Lion, Article 3, par. 1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WIMWO-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WIMWO_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Dutch)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wetten.overheid.nl/BWBR0002001/geldigheidsdatum_09-09-2010">Wet instelling Militaire Willems-Orde</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110609215327/http://wetten.overheid.nl/BWBR0002001/geldigheidsdatum_09-09-2010">Archived</a> 9 June 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, law regarding the Military William Order, Article 3</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FinStat-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FinStat_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Dutch)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wetten.overheid.nl/BWBR0002845/geldigheidsdatum_09-09-2010">Wet financieel statuut van het Koninklijk Huis</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110609215527/http://wetten.overheid.nl/BWBR0002845/geldigheidsdatum_09-09-2010">Archived</a> 9 June 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Law on the financial statute of the royal house</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Begr2009MvT-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Begr2009MvT_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rijksbegroting.nl/2009/voorbereiding/begroting,kst119595b.html">Vaststelling begroting Huis der Koningin (I) voor het jaar 2009 31700 I 2 Memorie van toelichting</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110724164250/http://www.rijksbegroting.nl/2009/voorbereiding/begroting,kst119595b.html">Archived</a> 24 July 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Argumentation for the law setting the royal house budget for the year 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kroondomein-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kroondomein_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Dutch)</span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wetten.overheid.nl/BWBR0002752/tekst_bevat_Soestdijk/geldigheidsdatum_09-09-2010">Wet op het Kroondomein</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110609215645/http://wetten.overheid.nl/BWBR0002752/tekst_bevat_Soestdijk/geldigheidsdatum_09-09-2010">Archived</a> 9 June 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LidKH-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-LidKH_57-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Dutch)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wetten.overheid.nl/BWBR0013729/geldigheidsdatum_09-09-2010">Wet lidmaatschap koninklijk huis</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110609220437/http://wetten.overheid.nl/BWBR0013729/geldigheidsdatum_09-09-2010">Archived</a> 9 June 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Law on membership and titles of the Dutch royal house</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="External_sources">External sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_the_Netherlands&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: External sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-DeGrondwetArt42-49-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DeGrondwetArt42-49_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DeGrondwetArt42-49_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DeGrondwetArt42-49_19-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DeGrondwetArt42-49_19-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DeGrondwetArt42-49_19-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DeGrondwetArt42-49_19-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJanse_de_JongeA.K._Koekkoek2000" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Janse de Jonge, E.J.; A.K. Koekkoek; et al. (2000). A.K.Koekkoek (ed.). <i>de Grondwet – een systematisch en artikelsgewijs commentaar</i> [<i>the Constitution – a systematic, article-by-article commentary</i>] (in Dutch) (3rd ed.). W.E.J. TJEENK WILLINK. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/90-271-5106-7" title="Special:BookSources/90-271-5106-7"><bdi>90-271-5106-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=de+Grondwet+%E2%80%93+een+systematisch+en+artikelsgewijs+commentaar&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=W.E.J.+TJEENK+WILLINK&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=90-271-5106-7&rft.aulast=Janse+de+Jonge&rft.aufirst=E.J.&rft.au=A.K.+Koekkoek&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+the+Netherlands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DeGrondwetH5-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DeGrondwetH5_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFvan_BijsterveldA._K._Koekkoek2000" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">van Bijsterveld, S. C.; A. K. Koekkoek; et al. (2000). A. K. Koekkoek (ed.). <i>de Grondwet – een systematisch en artikelsgewijs commentaar</i> [<i>the Constitution – a systematic, article-by-article commentary</i>] (in Dutch) (3rd ed.). W.E.J. TJEENK WILLINK. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/90-271-5106-7" title="Special:BookSources/90-271-5106-7"><bdi>90-271-5106-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=de+Grondwet+%E2%80%93+een+systematisch+en+artikelsgewijs+commentaar&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=W.E.J.+TJEENK+WILLINK&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=90-271-5106-7&rft.aulast=van+Bijsterveld&rft.aufirst=S.+C.&rft.au=A.+K.+Koekkoek&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+the+Netherlands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nos1-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nos1_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nos1_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://weblogs.nos.nl/evenementen/2012/08/28/formeren-zonder-koningin-nog-niet-zo-simpel/">"Formeren zonder koningin nog niet zo simpel"</a>. NOS. 28 August 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121127162431/http://weblogs.nos.nl/evenementen/2012/08/28/formeren-zonder-koningin-nog-niet-zo-simpel/">Archived</a> from the original on 27 November 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 November</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Formeren+zonder+koningin+nog+niet+zo+simpel&rft.pub=NOS&rft.date=2012-08-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fweblogs.nos.nl%2Fevenementen%2F2012%2F08%2F28%2Fformeren-zonder-koningin-nog-niet-zo-simpel%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+the+Netherlands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nos.nl/artikel/364757-catshuisoverleg-is-mislukt.html">"Catshuisoverleg is mislukt"</a>. <i>NOS</i>. 21 April 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120723100537/http://nos.nl/artikel/364757-catshuisoverleg-is-mislukt.html">Archived</a> from the original on 23 July 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 November</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NOS&rft.atitle=Catshuisoverleg+is+mislukt&rft.date=2012-04-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnos.nl%2Fartikel%2F364757-catshuisoverleg-is-mislukt.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+the+Netherlands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nos.nl/artikel/436866-rutte-ii-op-weg-naar-het-bordes.html">"Rutte II op weg naar bordes"</a>. <i>NOS</i>. 5 November 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121108001748/http://nos.nl/artikel/436866-rutte-ii-op-weg-naar-het-bordes.html">Archived</a> from the original on 8 November 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 November</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NOS&rft.atitle=Rutte+II+op+weg+naar+bordes&rft.date=2012-11-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnos.nl%2Fartikel%2F436866-rutte-ii-op-weg-naar-het-bordes.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+the+Netherlands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nos.nl/artikel/418319-kamp-verkenner-in-formatie.html">"Kamp verkenner in formatie"</a>. <i>NOS</i>. 13 September 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210225061253/https://nos.nl/artikel/418319-kamp-verkenner-in-formatie.html">Archived</a> from the original on 25 February 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 November</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NOS&rft.atitle=Kamp+verkenner+in+formatie&rft.date=2012-09-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnos.nl%2Fartikel%2F418319-kamp-verkenner-in-formatie.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+the+Netherlands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nos.nl/artikel/436976-kabinetrutte-ii-beedigd.html">"Kabinet-Rutte II beëdigd"</a>. <i>NOS</i>. 5 November 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121108001816/http://nos.nl/artikel/436976-kabinetrutte-ii-beedigd.html">Archived</a> from the original on 8 November 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 November</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NOS&rft.atitle=Kabinet-Rutte+II+be%C3%ABdigd&rft.date=2012-11-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnos.nl%2Fartikel%2F436976-kabinetrutte-ii-beedigd.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+the+Netherlands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ResAJB-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ResAJB_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dutchnews.nl/news/archives/2009/11/mp_resigns_after_telling_all_a.php">"MP resigns after telling all about the queen"</a>. <i>DutchNews.nl</i>. 19 November 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091122225739/http://www.dutchnews.nl/news/archives/2009/11/mp_resigns_after_telling_all_a.php">Archived</a> from the original on 22 November 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 November</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=DutchNews.nl&rft.atitle=MP+resigns+after+telling+all+about+the+queen&rft.date=2009-11-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dutchnews.nl%2Fnews%2Farchives%2F2009%2F11%2Fmp_resigns_after_telling_all_a.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+the+Netherlands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DeGrondwetArt62-80-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DeGrondwetArt62-80_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeersA.K._Koekkoek2000" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Beers, A.A.L.; A.K. Koekkoek; et al. (2000). A.K.Koekkoek (ed.). <i>de Grondwet – een systematisch en artikelsgewijs commentaar</i> [<i>the Constitution – a systematic, article-by-article commentary</i>] (in Dutch) (3rd ed.). W.E.J. TJEENK WILLINK. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/90-271-5106-7" title="Special:BookSources/90-271-5106-7"><bdi>90-271-5106-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=de+Grondwet+%E2%80%93+een+systematisch+en+artikelsgewijs+commentaar&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=W.E.J.+TJEENK+WILLINK&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=90-271-5106-7&rft.aulast=Beers&rft.aufirst=A.A.L.&rft.au=A.K.+Koekkoek&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+the+Netherlands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111019052437/http://www.koninklijkhuis.nl/Organisatie/Koninklijk_Staldepartement/Koninklijke_trein.html">"Het Koninklijk Huis"</a>. Koninklijkhuis.nl. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.koninklijkhuis.nl/Organisatie/Koninklijk_Staldepartement/Koninklijke_trein.html">the original</a> on 19 October 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 February</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Het+Koninklijk+Huis&rft.pub=Koninklijkhuis.nl&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.koninklijkhuis.nl%2FOrganisatie%2FKoninklijk_Staldepartement%2FKoninklijke_trein.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+the+Netherlands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_the_Netherlands&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.royal-house.nl/">Official Royal Website</a>: Much information about the monarchy and royal family, and virtual palace tours (texts in Dutch and English)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Monarchs_of_the_Netherlands" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Monarchs_of_the_Netherlands" title="Template:Monarchs of the Netherlands"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Monarchs_of_the_Netherlands" title="Template talk:Monarchs of the Netherlands"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Monarchs_of_the_Netherlands" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Monarchs of the Netherlands"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Monarchs_of_the_Netherlands" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_the_Netherlands" title="List of monarchs of the Netherlands">Monarchs of the Netherlands</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Holland" title="Kingdom of Holland">Kingdom of Holland</a><br />(1806–1810)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0.25em; line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Bonaparte" title="Louis Bonaparte">Louis I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Napol%C3%A9on_Louis_Bonaparte" title="Napoléon Louis Bonaparte">Louis II</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_Standard_of_the_Netherlands.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Royal_Standard_of_the_Netherlands.svg/80px-Royal_Standard_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Royal_Standard_of_the_Netherlands.svg/120px-Royal_Standard_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Royal_Standard_of_the_Netherlands.svg/160px-Royal_Standard_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Kingdom of the Netherlands</a><sup>1</sup><br />(1815–present)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0.25em; line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_I_of_the_Netherlands" title="William I of the Netherlands">William I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_II_of_the_Netherlands" title="William II of the Netherlands">William II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_III_of_the_Netherlands" title="William III of the Netherlands">William III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelmina_of_the_Netherlands" title="Wilhelmina of the Netherlands">Wilhelmina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juliana_of_the_Netherlands" title="Juliana of the Netherlands">Juliana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beatrix_of_the_Netherlands" title="Beatrix of the Netherlands">Beatrix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willem-Alexander_of_the_Netherlands" title="Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands">Willem-Alexander</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>1. See also the <a href="/wiki/Sovereign_Principality_of_the_United_Netherlands" title="Sovereign Principality of the United Netherlands">Sovereign Principality of the United Netherlands</a> (1813–1815) and the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands" title="United Kingdom of the Netherlands">United Kingdom of the Netherlands</a> (1815–1839).</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Aruba_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Aruba_topics" title="Template:Aruba topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Aruba_topics" title="Template talk:Aruba topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Aruba_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Aruba topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Aruba_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Aruba" title="Aruba">Aruba</a> <a href="/wiki/Index_of_Aruba-related_articles" title="Index of Aruba-related articles">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Aruba" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Aruba">History</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Aruba" title="Geography of Aruba">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oranjestad,_Aruba" title="Oranjestad, Aruba">Capital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Aruba" title="List of cities in Aruba">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Aruba" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of Aruba">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_Aruba" title="Geology of Aruba">Geology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Aruba" class="mw-redirect" title="List of islands of Aruba">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_streams_of_Aruba" title="List of streams of Aruba">Streams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mammals_of_Aruba" title="List of mammals of Aruba">Mammals</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Aruba" title="Coat of arms of Aruba"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Coat_of_arms_of_Aruba.svg/80px-Coat_of_arms_of_Aruba.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Coat_of_arms_of_Aruba.svg/120px-Coat_of_arms_of_Aruba.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Coat_of_arms_of_Aruba.svg/160px-Coat_of_arms_of_Aruba.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="188" data-file-height="228" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Aruba" title="Politics of Aruba">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Caribbean_Coast_Guard" title="Dutch Caribbean Coast Guard">Coast guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Aruba" title="Coat of arms of Aruba">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Aruba" title="Constitution of Aruba">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Aruba" title="Elections in Aruba">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estates_of_Aruba" class="mw-redirect" title="Estates of Aruba">Estates <span style="font-size:85%;">(parliament)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Aruba" title="Flag of Aruba">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Aruba" title="Governor of Aruba">Governor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_of_Aruba" title="Military of Aruba">Military</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Monarch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aruba_Police_Force" title="Aruba Police Force">Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Aruba" title="List of political parties in Aruba">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Aruba" title="Prime Minister of Aruba">Prime Minister</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Aruba" title="Economy of Aruba">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_airports_in_Aruba" class="mw-redirect" title="List of airports in Aruba">Airports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Buildings_and_structures_in_Aruba" title="Category:Buildings and structures in Aruba">Buildings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Companies_of_Aruba" title="Category:Companies of Aruba">Companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aruban_florin" title="Aruban florin">Currency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mass_media_in_Aruba" title="Category:Mass media in Aruba">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Aruba" title="Telecommunications in Aruba">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Aruba" title="Transport in Aruba">Transport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Aruba" title="Culture of Aruba">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Aruba" title="Demographics of Aruba">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Festivals_in_Aruba" title="Festivals in Aruba">Festivals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Aruban_films" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Aruban films">Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Aruba" title="Languages of Aruba">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Aruba" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Aruba">LGBT rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Aruba_and_the_Netherlands_Antilles" class="mw-redirect" title="Music of Aruba and the Netherlands Antilles">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Aruban_people" title="Category:Aruban people">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Aruba" title="Category:Society of Aruba">Society</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Sport_in_Aruba" title="Category:Sport in Aruba">Sport</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Football_in_Aruba" title="Football in Aruba">Association football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aruba_at_the_Olympics" title="Aruba at the Olympics">Olympics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aruba_at_the_Pan_American_Games" title="Aruba at the Pan American Games">Pan American Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Aruban_sportspeople" title="Category:Aruban sportspeople">Sportspeople</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands" title="Kingdom of the Netherlands">Kingdom of the Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netherlands_Antilles" title="Netherlands Antilles">Netherlands Antilles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Aruba" title="Outline of Aruba">Outline</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Aruba-related_articles" title="Index of Aruba-related articles">Index</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Aruba#Further_reading" title="Aruba">Bibliography</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Aruba" title="Category:Aruba">Category</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Government_of_the_Netherlands" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Government_of_the_Netherlands" title="Template:Government of the Netherlands"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Government_of_the_Netherlands" title="Template talk:Government of the Netherlands"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Government_of_the_Netherlands" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Government of the Netherlands"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Government_of_the_Netherlands" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Netherlands" title="Politics of the Netherlands">Government of the Netherlands</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Structure_and_process" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Structure and process</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Structure</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Government</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Monarch</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Ministries_of_the_Netherlands" title="Ministries of the Netherlands">Ministers</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Minister_without_portfolio#Netherlands" title="Minister without portfolio">Ministers without Portfolio</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Ministers_(Netherlands)" title="Council of Ministers (Netherlands)">Council of Ministers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Ministries_of_the_Netherlands" title="Ministries of the Netherlands">Ministers</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Minister_without_portfolio#Netherlands" title="Minister without portfolio">Ministers without Portfolio</a>, chaired by the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_Netherlands" title="Prime Minister of the Netherlands">Prime Minister</a> and one or more <a href="/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_the_Netherlands" title="Deputy Prime Minister of the Netherlands">Deputy Prime Ministers</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_the_Netherlands" title="Cabinet of the Netherlands">Cabinet</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Ministries_of_the_Netherlands" title="Ministries of the Netherlands">Ministers</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Minister_without_portfolio#Netherlands" title="Minister without portfolio">Ministers without Portfolio</a> and <a href="/wiki/State_Secretary_(Netherlands)" class="mw-redirect" title="State Secretary (Netherlands)">State Secretaries</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Process</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demissionary_cabinet" title="Demissionary cabinet">Demissionary cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_cabinet_formation" title="Dutch cabinet formation">Dutch cabinet formation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Ministries" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ministries_of_the_Netherlands" title="Ministries of the Netherlands">Ministries</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_General_Affairs" title="Ministry of General Affairs">General Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_the_Interior_and_Kingdom_Relations" title="Ministry of the Interior and Kingdom Relations">Interior and Kingdom Relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Netherlands)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Netherlands)">Foreign Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Finance_(Netherlands)" title="Ministry of Finance (Netherlands)">Finance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Justice_and_Security" title="Ministry of Justice and Security">Justice and Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Asylum_and_Migration" title="Ministry of Asylum and Migration">Asylum and Migration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Economic_Affairs_(Netherlands)" title="Ministry of Economic Affairs (Netherlands)">Economic Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Climate_Policy_and_Green_Growth" title="Ministry of Climate Policy and Green Growth">Climate Policy and Green Growth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_(Netherlands)" title="Ministry of Defence (Netherlands)">Defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Health,_Welfare_and_Sport" title="Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sport">Health, Welfare and Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Social_Affairs_and_Employment" title="Ministry of Social Affairs and Employment">Social Affairs and Employment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Education,_Culture_and_Science_(Netherlands)" title="Ministry of Education, Culture and Science (Netherlands)">Education, Culture and Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Infrastructure_and_Water_Management" title="Ministry of Infrastructure and Water Management">Infrastructure and Water Management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Housing_and_Spatial_Planning" title="Ministry of Housing and Spatial Planning">Housing and Spatial Planning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Agriculture,_Fisheries,_Food_Security_and_Nature" title="Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries, Food Security and Nature">Agriculture, Fisheries, Food Security and Nature</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Cabinets" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cabinets_of_the_Netherlands" title="List of cabinets of the Netherlands">Cabinets</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Schimmelpenninck_cabinet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Schimmelpenninck cabinet (page does not exist)">Schimmelpenninck</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=De_Kempenaer%E2%80%93Donker_Curtius_cabinet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="De Kempenaer–Donker Curtius cabinet (page does not exist)">De Kempenaer–Donker Curtius</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=First_Thorbecke_cabinet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="First Thorbecke cabinet (page does not exist)">Thorbecke I</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Van_Hall-Donker_Curtius_cabinet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Van Hall-Donker Curtius cabinet (page does not exist)">Van Hall-Donker Curtius</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Van_der_Brugghen_cabinet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Van der Brugghen cabinet (page does not exist)">Van der Brugghen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rochussen_cabinet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rochussen cabinet (page does not exist)">Rochussen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Van_Hall%E2%80%93Van_Heemstra_cabinet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Van Hall–Van Heemstra cabinet (page does not exist)">Van Hall–Van Heemstra</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Van_Zuylen_van_Nijevelt%E2%80%93Van_Heemstra_cabinet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Van Zuylen van Nijevelt–Van Heemstra cabinet (page does not exist)">Van Zuylen van Nijevelt–Van Heemstra</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Second_Thorbecke_cabinet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Second Thorbecke cabinet (page does not exist)">Thorbecke II</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fransen_van_de_Putte_cabinet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fransen van de Putte cabinet (page does not exist)">Fransen van de Putte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Van_Zuylen_van_Nijevelt_cabinet" title="Van Zuylen van Nijevelt cabinet">Van Zuylen van Nijevelt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Van_Bosse%E2%80%93Fock_cabinet" title="Van Bosse–Fock cabinet">Van Bosse–Fock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Thorbecke_cabinet" title="Third Thorbecke cabinet">Thorbecke III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Vries%E2%80%93Fransen_van_de_Putte_cabinet" title="De Vries–Fransen van de Putte cabinet">De Vries–Fransen van de Putte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heemskerk%E2%80%93Van_Lynden_van_Sandenburg_cabinet" title="Heemskerk–Van Lynden van Sandenburg cabinet">Heemskerk–Van Lynden van Sandenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kappeyne_van_de_Coppello_cabinet" title="Kappeyne van de Coppello cabinet">Kappeyne van de Coppello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Van_Lynden_van_Sandenburg_cabinet" title="Van Lynden van Sandenburg cabinet">Van Lynden van Sandenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Heemskerk_cabinet" title="Jan Heemskerk cabinet">J. Heemskerk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mackay_cabinet" title="Mackay cabinet">Mackay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Van_Tienhoven_cabinet" title="Van Tienhoven cabinet">Van Tienhoven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%B6ell_cabinet" title="Röell cabinet">Röell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierson_cabinet" title="Pierson cabinet">Pierson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuyper_cabinet" title="Kuyper cabinet">Kuyper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Meester_cabinet" title="De Meester cabinet">De Meester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theo_Heemskerk_cabinet" title="Theo Heemskerk cabinet">T. Heemskerk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cort_van_der_Linden_cabinet" title="Cort van der Linden cabinet">Cort van der Linden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Ruijs_de_Beerenbrouck_cabinet" title="First Ruijs de Beerenbrouck cabinet">Ruijs de Beerenbrouck I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Ruijs_de_Beerenbrouck_cabinet" title="Second Ruijs de Beerenbrouck cabinet">Ruijs de Beerenbrouck II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Colijn_cabinet" title="First Colijn cabinet">Colijn I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_De_Geer_cabinet" title="First De Geer cabinet">De Geer I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Ruijs_de_Beerenbrouck_cabinet" title="Third Ruijs de Beerenbrouck cabinet">Ruijs de Beerenbrouck III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Colijn_cabinet" title="Second Colijn cabinet">Colijn II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Colijn_cabinet" title="Third Colijn cabinet">Colijn III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Colijn_cabinet" title="Fourth Colijn cabinet">Colijn IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Colijn_cabinet" title="Fifth Colijn cabinet">Colijn V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_De_Geer_cabinet" title="Second De Geer cabinet">De Geer II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Gerbrandy_cabinet" title="First Gerbrandy cabinet">Gerbrandy I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Gerbrandy_cabinet" title="Second Gerbrandy cabinet">Gerbrandy II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Gerbrandy_cabinet" title="Third Gerbrandy cabinet">Gerbrandy III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schermerhorn%E2%80%93Drees_cabinet" title="Schermerhorn–Drees cabinet">Schermerhorn–Drees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Beel_cabinet" title="First Beel cabinet">Beel I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drees%E2%80%93Van_Schaik_cabinet" title="Drees–Van Schaik cabinet">Drees–Van Schaik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Drees_cabinet" title="First Drees cabinet">Drees I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Drees_cabinet" title="Second Drees cabinet">Drees II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Drees_cabinet" title="Third Drees cabinet">Drees III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Beel_cabinet" title="Second Beel cabinet">Beel II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Quay_cabinet" title="De Quay cabinet">De Quay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marijnen_cabinet" title="Marijnen cabinet">Marijnen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cals_cabinet" title="Cals cabinet">Cals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zijlstra_cabinet" title="Zijlstra cabinet">Zijlstra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Jong_cabinet" title="De Jong cabinet">De Jong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Biesheuvel_cabinet" title="First Biesheuvel cabinet">Biesheuvel I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Biesheuvel_cabinet" title="Second Biesheuvel cabinet">Biesheuvel II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Den_Uyl_cabinet" title="Den Uyl cabinet">Den Uyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Van_Agt_cabinet" title="First Van Agt cabinet">Van Agt I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Van_Agt_cabinet" title="Second Van Agt cabinet">Van Agt II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Van_Agt_cabinet" title="Third Van Agt cabinet">Van Agt III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Lubbers_cabinet" title="First Lubbers cabinet">Lubbers I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Lubbers_cabinet" title="Second Lubbers cabinet">Lubbers II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Lubbers_cabinet" title="Third Lubbers cabinet">Lubbers III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Kok_cabinet" title="First Kok cabinet">Kok I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Kok_cabinet" title="Second Kok cabinet">Kok II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Balkenende_cabinet" title="First Balkenende cabinet">Balkenende I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Balkenende_cabinet" title="Second Balkenende cabinet">Balkenende II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Balkenende_cabinet" title="Third Balkenende cabinet">Balkenende III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Balkenende_cabinet" title="Fourth Balkenende cabinet">Balkenende IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Rutte_cabinet" title="First Rutte cabinet">Rutte I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Rutte_cabinet" title="Second Rutte cabinet">Rutte II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Rutte_cabinet" title="Third Rutte cabinet">Rutte III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Rutte_cabinet" title="Fourth Rutte cabinet">Rutte IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schoof_cabinet" title="Schoof cabinet">Schoof</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Portal:Politics</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Netherlands_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Netherlands_topics" title="Template:Netherlands topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Netherlands_topics" title="Template talk:Netherlands topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Netherlands_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Netherlands topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Netherlands_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a> articles</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Part of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands" title="Kingdom of the Netherlands">Kingdom of the Netherlands</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Netherlands" title="History of the Netherlands">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Germanic_peoples" title="Germanic peoples">Germanic tribes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romans_in_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Romans in the Netherlands">Roman Era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frisii" title="Frisii">Frisii</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chamavi" title="Chamavi">Chamavi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Batavi_(Germanic_tribe)" title="Batavi (Germanic tribe)">Batavi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cananefates" title="Cananefates">Cananefates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Migration_Period" title="Migration Period">Migration Period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saxons" title="Saxons">Saxons</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frisians" title="Frisians">Frisians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Salian_Franks" title="Salian Franks">Franks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorestad" title="Dorestad">Dorestad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prince-Bishopric_of_Utrecht" title="Prince-Bishopric of Utrecht">Utrecht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_urban_centers_in_the_Low_Countries" class="mw-redirect" title="History of urban centers in the Low Countries">Development urban centers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frisian_Kingdom" title="Frisian Kingdom">Frisian Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francia" title="Francia">Frankish Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Francia" title="Middle Francia">Middle Francia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lower_Lorraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Lower Lorraine">Lower Lorraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_of_Flanders" title="County of Flanders">Flanders</a>, <a href="/wiki/County_of_Holland" title="County of Holland">Holland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frisian_Freedom" class="mw-redirect" title="Frisian Freedom">Frisian Freedom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Brabant" title="Duchy of Brabant">Brabant</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guelders" class="mw-redirect" title="Guelders">Guelders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burgundian_Netherlands" title="Burgundian Netherlands">Burgundian Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habsburg_Netherlands" title="Habsburg Netherlands">Habsburg Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renaissance_in_the_Low_Countries" title="Renaissance in the Low Countries">Renaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seventeen_Provinces" title="Seventeen Provinces">Seventeen Provinces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Netherlands" title="Spanish Netherlands">Spanish Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eighty_Years%27_War" title="Eighty Years' War">Eighty Years' War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Republic" title="Dutch Republic">Dutch Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Golden_Age" title="Dutch Golden Age">Golden Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batavian_Revolution" title="Batavian Revolution">Batavian Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batavian_Republic" title="Batavian Republic">Batavian Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Holland" title="Kingdom of Holland">Kingdom of Holland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incorporation_(Netherlands)" title="Incorporation (Netherlands)">Incorporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_Principality_of_the_United_Netherlands" title="Sovereign Principality of the United Netherlands">Principality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands" title="United Kingdom of the Netherlands">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netherlands_in_World_War_II" title="Netherlands in World War II">World War II</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_invasion_of_the_Netherlands" title="German invasion of the Netherlands">Nazi invasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberation_Day_(Netherlands)" title="Liberation Day (Netherlands)">Dutch Liberation Day</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proclamation_of_Indonesian_Independence" title="Proclamation of Indonesian Independence">Proclamation of Indonesian Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charter_for_the_Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands" title="Charter for the Kingdom of the Netherlands">Charter for the Kingdom of the Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_the_Netherlands" title="Same-sex marriage in the Netherlands">Same-sex marriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Recession" title="Great Recession">Great Recession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_debt_crisis" title="European debt crisis">European debt crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_17" title="Malaysia Airlines Flight 17">Malaysia Airlines Flight MH17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Netherlands" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Netherlands">Coronavirus pandemic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_the_Netherlands" title="Geography of the Netherlands">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_birds_of_the_Netherlands" title="List of birds of the Netherlands">Birds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_the_Netherlands_by_province" title="List of cities in the Netherlands by province">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_Works" title="Delta Works">Delta Works</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_the_Netherlands" title="List of earthquakes in the Netherlands">Earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_extreme_points_of_the_Netherlands" title="List of extreme points of the Netherlands">Extreme points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flood_control_in_the_Netherlands" title="Flood control in the Netherlands">Flood control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groningen_gas_field" title="Groningen gas field">Gas field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_the_Netherlands" title="List of islands of the Netherlands">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_the_Netherlands" title="List of lakes of the Netherlands">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mammals_of_the_Netherlands" title="List of mammals of the Netherlands">Mammals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountains_and_hills_in_the_Netherlands" title="List of mountains and hills in the Netherlands">Mountains and hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_of_the_Netherlands" title="List of regions of the Netherlands">Regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_the_Netherlands" title="List of rivers of the Netherlands">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhine%E2%80%93Meuse%E2%80%93Scheldt_delta" title="Rhine–Meuse–Scheldt delta">Rhine–Meuse–Scheldt delta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_volcanoes_in_the_Netherlands" title="List of volcanoes in the Netherlands">Volcanoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_the_Netherlands" title="List of World Heritage Sites in the Netherlands">World Heritage Sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zuiderzee_Works" title="Zuiderzee Works">Zuiderzee Works</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Netherlands" title="Politics of the Netherlands">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_the_Netherlands" title="Abortion in the Netherlands">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_the_Netherlands" title="Cabinet of the Netherlands">Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_the_Netherlands" title="Climate change in the Netherlands">Climate change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Netherlands" title="Constitution of the Netherlands">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_the_Netherlands" title="Corruption in the Netherlands">Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_the_Netherlands" title="Demographics of the Netherlands">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drug_policy_of_the_Netherlands" title="Drug policy of the Netherlands">Drug policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_the_Netherlands" title="Education in the Netherlands">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_the_Netherlands" title="Elections in the Netherlands">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euthanasia_in_the_Netherlands" title="Euthanasia in the Netherlands">Euthanasia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_the_Netherlands" title="Healthcare in the Netherlands">Health care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_the_Netherlands" title="Homelessness in the Netherlands">Homelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_Netherlands" title="Foreign relations of the Netherlands">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_the_Netherlands" title="Human rights in the Netherlands">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in the Netherlands">LGBT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Immigration to the Netherlands">Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_the_Netherlands" title="Law of the Netherlands">Law</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Law enforcement in the Netherlands">Enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_firms_of_the_Netherlands" title="Law firms of the Netherlands">Law Firms</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Monarch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_the_Netherlands" title="Municipalities of the Netherlands">Municipalities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_the_Netherlands" title="Provinces of the Netherlands">Provinces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republicanism_in_the_Netherlands" title="Republicanism in the Netherlands">Republicanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/States_General_of_the_Netherlands" title="States General of the Netherlands">Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_the_Netherlands" title="List of political parties in the Netherlands">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_Netherlands" title="Prime Minister of the Netherlands">Prime Minister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_forces_of_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Armed forces of the Netherlands">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_board_(Netherlands)" title="Water board (Netherlands)">Water boards</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_Netherlands" title="Economy of the Netherlands">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AEX_index" title="AEX index">AEX index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Nederlandsche_Bank" title="De Nederlandsche Bank">Central bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_the_Netherlands" title="Energy in the Netherlands">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euronext" title="Euronext">Euronext</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polder_model" title="Polder model">Polder model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_the_Netherlands" title="Taxation in the Netherlands">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_Netherlands" title="Telecommunications in the Netherlands">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_the_Netherlands" title="Tourism in the Netherlands">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_unions_in_the_Netherlands" title="Trade unions in the Netherlands">Trade unions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_the_Netherlands" title="Transport in the Netherlands">Transport</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cycling_in_the_Netherlands" title="Cycling in the Netherlands">Cycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_transport_in_the_Netherlands" title="Public transport in the Netherlands">Public transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_the_Netherlands" title="Rail transport in the Netherlands">Rail transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_transport_in_the_Netherlands" title="Road transport in the Netherlands">Road transport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_the_Netherlands" title="Culture of the Netherlands">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_the_Netherlands" title="Architecture of the Netherlands">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_art" title="Dutch art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_the_Netherlands" title="Cannabis in the Netherlands">Cannabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_Netherlands" title="Cinema of the Netherlands">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_cuisine" title="Dutch cuisine">Cuisine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_wine" title="Dutch wine">Wine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_customs_and_etiquette" title="Dutch customs and etiquette">Customs and etiquette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decorations_and_medals_of_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Decorations and medals of the Netherlands">Decorations and medals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irreligion_in_the_Netherlands" title="Irreligion in the Netherlands">Irreligion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_Netherlands" title="Languages of the Netherlands">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_literature" class="mw-redirect" title="Dutch literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of the Netherlands">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Netherlands" title="Music of the Netherlands">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orders_of_knighthood_in_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Orders of knighthood in the Netherlands">Orders of knighthood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_people" title="Dutch people">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pornography_in_the_Netherlands" title="Pornography in the Netherlands">Pornography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_the_Netherlands" title="Prostitution in the Netherlands">Prostitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_the_Netherlands" title="Public holidays in the Netherlands">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Netherlands" title="Religion in the Netherlands">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_the_Netherlands" title="Sport in the Netherlands">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symbols_of_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Symbols of the Netherlands">Symbols</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelmus" title="Wilhelmus">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Netherlands" title="Coat of arms of the Netherlands">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_Netherlands" title="Flag of the Netherlands">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Republic_Lion" title="Dutch Republic Lion">Lion</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terminology_of_the_Low_Countries" title="Terminology of the Low Countries">Terminology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_Netherlands" title="Outline of the Netherlands">Outline</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Netherlands" title="Category:Netherlands">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Netherlands" title="Portal:Netherlands">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Monarchies_in_the_Americas" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:American_monarchies" title="Template:American monarchies"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:American_monarchies" title="Template talk:American monarchies"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:American_monarchies" title="Special:EditPage/Template:American monarchies"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Monarchies_in_the_Americas" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Monarchies_in_the_Americas" title="Monarchies in the Americas">Monarchies in the Americas</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Commonwealth of Nations monarchies <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Monarchy of Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_the_Bahamas" title="Monarchy of the Bahamas">The Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Belize" title="Monarchy of Belize">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Canada" title="Monarchy of Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Grenada" title="Monarchy of Grenada">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Jamaica" title="Monarchy of Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" title="Monarchy of Saint Kitts and Nevis">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Saint_Lucia" title="Monarchy of Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" title="Monarchy of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Monarchy of the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Denmark" title="Monarchy of Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Netherlands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Indigenous monarchies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aymara_kingdoms" title="Aymara kingdoms">Aymara</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colla_Kingdom" title="Colla Kingdom">Colla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lupaca" title="Lupaca">Lupaca</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aztec_Empire" title="Aztec Empire">Aztec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huetar_people" title="Huetar people">Huetar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Huetar_Kingdom" title="Eastern Huetar Kingdom">Eastern Huetar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garabito_Empire" title="Garabito Empire">Garabito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Pacaca" title="Kingdom of Pacaca">Pacaca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toyop%C3%A1n" title="Toyopán">Toyopán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Huetar_Kingdom" title="Western Huetar Kingdom">Western Huetar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inca_society" title="Inca society">Inca</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Cusco" title="Kingdom of Cusco">Cusco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inca_Empire" title="Inca Empire">Inca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Inca_State" title="Neo-Inca State">Neo-Inca</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_civilization" title="Maya civilization">Maya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mosquito_Coast" title="Mosquito Coast">Miskito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Nicoya" title="Kingdom of Nicoya">Nicoya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Talamanca" title="Kingdom of Talamanca">Talamanca</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">European monarchies<br />with <a href="/wiki/European_colonization_of_the_Americas#List_of_European_colonies_in_the_Americas" title="European colonization of the Americas">colonies in the Americas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Courland_and_Semigallia" title="Duchy of Courland and Semigallia">Courland and Semigallia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_monarchs" title="List of French monarchs">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Portuguese_monarchs" title="List of Portuguese monarchs">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Russian_monarchs" title="List of Russian monarchs">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Spain" title="Monarchy of Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Sweden" title="Monarchy of Sweden">Sweden</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Barbados" title="Monarchy of Barbados">Barbados (1966–2021)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Brazil" title="Empire of Brazil">Brazil (1822–1889)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Guyana" title="Queen of Guyana">Guyana (1966–1970)</a></li> <li>Haiti <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Empire_of_Haiti" title="First Empire of Haiti">1804–06</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Haiti" title="Kingdom of Haiti">1811–20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Empire_of_Haiti" title="Second Empire of Haiti">1849–59</a></li></ul></li> <li>Mexico <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Mexican_Empire" title="First Mexican Empire">1822–23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Mexican_Empire" title="Second Mexican Empire">1864–67</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Queen of Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago (1962–76)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_in_the_Americas" class="mw-redirect" title="List of monarchs in the Americas">List of monarchs in the Americas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_the_last_monarchs_in_the_Americas" title="List of the last monarchs in the Americas">List of the last monarchs in the Americas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Redonda" title="Kingdom of Redonda">Kingdom of Redonda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afro-Bolivian_monarchy" title="Afro-Bolivian monarchy">Afro-Bolivian monarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Araucan%C3%ADa_and_Patagonia" title="Kingdom of Araucanía and Patagonia">Araucania and Patagonia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Heads_of_state_of_the_European_Union_member_states" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Heads_of_state_of_the_European_Union_member_states" title="Template:Heads of state of the European Union member states"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Heads_of_state_of_the_European_Union_member_states" title="Template talk:Heads of state of the European Union member states"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Heads_of_state_of_the_European_Union_member_states" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Heads of state of the European Union member states"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Heads_of_state_of_the_European_Union_member_states" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Head_of_state" title="Head of state">Heads of state</a> of the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> <a href="/wiki/Member_state_of_the_European_Union" title="Member state of the European Union">member states</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria"><img alt="Austria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Van_der_Bellen" title="Alexander Van der Bellen">Van der Bellen</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium"><img alt="Belgium" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Philippe_of_Belgium" title="Philippe of Belgium">Philippe</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria"><img alt="Bulgaria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Rumen_Radev" title="Rumen Radev">Radev</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia"><img alt="Croatia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Zoran_Milanovi%C4%87" title="Zoran Milanović">Milanović</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus"><img alt="Cyprus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/45px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Nikos_Christodoulides" title="Nikos Christodoulides">Christodoulides</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic"><img alt="Czech Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Petr_Pavel" title="Petr Pavel">Pavel</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark"><img alt="Denmark" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/31px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Frederik_X" title="Frederik X">Frederik X</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia"><img alt="Estonia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="630" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Alar_Karis" title="Alar Karis">Karis</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland"><img alt="Finland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Stubb" title="Alexander Stubb">Stubb</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron">Macron</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Frank-Walter_Steinmeier" title="Frank-Walter Steinmeier">Steinmeier</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece"><img alt="Greece" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Katerina_Sakellaropoulou" title="Katerina Sakellaropoulou">Sakellaropoulou</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary"><img alt="Hungary" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Tam%C3%A1s_Sulyok" title="Tamás Sulyok">Sulyok</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland"><img alt="Republic of Ireland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Michael_D._Higgins" title="Michael D. Higgins">Higgins</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Sergio_Mattarella" title="Sergio Mattarella">Mattarella</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia"><img alt="Latvia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Edgars_Rink%C4%93vi%C4%8Ds" title="Edgars Rinkēvičs">Rinkēvičs</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania"><img alt="Lithuania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/46px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Gitanas_Naus%C4%97da" title="Gitanas Nausėda">Nausėda</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg"><img alt="Luxembourg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/23px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/35px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/46px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Henri,_Grand_Duke_of_Luxembourg" title="Henri, Grand Duke of Luxembourg">Henri</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta"><img alt="Malta" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/45px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Myriam_Spiteri_Debono" title="Myriam Spiteri Debono">Spiteri Debono</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands"><img alt="Netherlands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Willem-Alexander_of_the_Netherlands" title="Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands">Willem-Alexander</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland"><img alt="Poland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Andrzej_Duda" title="Andrzej Duda">Duda</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal"><img alt="Portugal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Marcelo_Rebelo_de_Sousa" title="Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa">Rebelo de Sousa</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania"><img alt="Romania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Klaus_Iohannis" title="Klaus Iohannis">Iohannis</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia"><img alt="Slovakia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Peter_Pellegrini" title="Peter Pellegrini">Pellegrini</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia"><img alt="Slovenia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Nata%C5%A1a_Pirc_Musar" title="Nataša Pirc Musar">Pirc Musar</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Felipe_VI" title="Felipe VI">Felipe VI</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden"><img alt="Sweden" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Carl_XVI_Gustaf" title="Carl XVI Gustaf">Carl XVI Gustaf</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/16px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/24px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/32px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:European_Union" title="Portal:European Union">EU portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Heads_of_state_and_government_of_Europe" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Heads_of_state_and_government_of_Europe" title="Template:Heads of state and government of Europe"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Heads_of_state_and_government_of_Europe" title="Template talk:Heads of state and government of Europe"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Heads_of_state_and_government_of_Europe" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Heads of state and government of Europe"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Heads_of_state_and_government_of_Europe" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Heads of state and government of Europe</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height: 1.3em; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Head_of_state" title="Head of state">Heads<br />of state</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height: 1.3em;">UN members  <br />and observers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Albania" title="President of Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Co-Princes_of_Andorra" class="mw-redirect" title="Co-Princes of Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Armenia" title="President of Armenia">Armenia</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Austria" title="President of Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Azerbaijan" title="President of Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Belarus" title="President of Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Belgium" title="Monarchy of Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Bulgaria" title="President of Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Croatia" title="President of Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Cyprus" title="President of Cyprus">Cyprus</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Czech_Republic" title="President of the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Denmark" title="Monarchy of Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Estonia" title="President of Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Finland" title="President of Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_France" title="President of France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Georgia" title="President of Georgia">Georgia</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Germany" title="President of Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Greece" title="President of Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">Holy See (Vatican City)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Hungary" title="President of Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Iceland" title="President of Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Ireland" title="President of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Italy" title="President of Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Kazakhstan" title="President of Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Latvia" title="President of Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Liechtenstein" title="Monarchy of Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Lithuania" title="President of Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Luxembourg" title="Monarchy of Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Malta" title="President of Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Moldova" title="President of Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Monaco" title="Monarchy of Monaco">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Montenegro" title="President of Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_North_Macedonia" title="President of North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Norway" title="Monarchy of Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Poland" title="President of Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Portugal" title="President of Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Romania" title="President of Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Russia" title="President of Russia">Russian Federation</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captains_Regent" title="Captains Regent">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Serbia" title="President of Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Slovakia" title="President of Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Slovenia" title="President of Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Princes_and_Grand_Masters_of_the_Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Princes and Grand Masters of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta">Sovereign Military Order of Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Spain" title="Monarchy of Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Sweden" title="Monarchy of Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Council_(Switzerland)" title="Federal Council (Switzerland)">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Turkey" title="President of Turkey">Turkey</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Ukraine" title="President of Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Monarchy of the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height: 1.3em;">Partially recognised<sup>2</sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Abkhazia" title="President of Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Kosovo" title="President of Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Northern_Cyprus" title="President of Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_South_Ossetia" title="President of South Ossetia">South Ossetia</a><sup>1</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height: 1.3em;">Unrecognised states<sup>3</sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Transnistria" title="President of Transnistria">Transnistria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height: 1.3em; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Head_of_government" title="Head of government">Heads of<br />government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height: 1.3em;">UN members  <br />and observers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Albania" title="Prime Minister of Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_government_of_Andorra" title="List of heads of government of Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Armenia" title="Prime Minister of Armenia">Armenia</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_Austria" title="Chancellor of Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Azerbaijan" title="Prime Minister of Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Belarus" title="Prime Minister of Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Belgium" title="Prime Minister of Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Council_of_Ministers_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Bulgaria" title="Prime Minister of Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Croatia" title="Prime Minister of Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Cyprus" title="President of Cyprus">Cyprus</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_Czech_Republic" title="Prime Minister of the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Denmark" title="Prime Minister of Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Estonia" title="Prime Minister of Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Finland" title="Prime Minister of Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_France" title="Prime Minister of France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Georgia" title="Prime Minister of Georgia">Georgia</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_Germany" title="Chancellor of Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Greece" title="Prime Minister of Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Commission_for_Vatican_City_State" title="Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State">Holy See (Vatican City)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Hungary" title="Prime Minister of Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Iceland" title="Prime Minister of Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taoiseach" title="Taoiseach">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Italy" title="Prime Minister of Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Kazakhstan" title="Prime Minister of Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Latvia" title="Prime Minister of Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_government_of_Liechtenstein" title="List of heads of government of Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Lithuania" title="Prime Minister of Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Luxembourg" title="List of prime ministers of Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Malta" title="Prime Minister of Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Moldova" title="Prime Minister of Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_State_(Monaco)" title="Minister of State (Monaco)">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Montenegro" title="Prime Minister of Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_Netherlands" title="Prime Minister of the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_North_Macedonia" title="Prime Minister of North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Norway" title="Prime Minister of Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Poland" title="Prime Minister of Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Portugal" title="Prime Minister of Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Romania" title="Prime Minister of Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Russia" title="Prime Minister of Russia">Russian Federation</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captains_Regent" title="Captains Regent">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Serbia" title="Prime Minister of Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Slovakia" title="Prime Minister of Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Slovenia" title="Prime Minister of Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Princes_and_Grand_Masters_of_the_Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Princes and Grand Masters of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta">Sovereign Military Order of Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Spain" title="Prime Minister of Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Sweden" title="Prime Minister of Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Council_(Switzerland)" title="Federal Council (Switzerland)">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Turkey" title="President of Turkey">Turkey</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Ukraine" title="Prime Minister of Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Prime Minister of the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height: 1.3em;">Partially recognised<sup>2</sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Abkhazia" title="Prime Minister of Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Kosovo" title="Prime Minister of Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Northern_Cyprus" title="Prime Minister of Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_South_Ossetia" title="Prime Minister of South Ossetia">South Ossetia</a><sup>1</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height: 1.3em;">Unrecognised states<sup>3</sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Transnistria" title="Prime Minister of Transnistria">Transnistria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>1. Partially or entirely in Asia, depending on geographical definition.</li> <li>2. Recognised by at least one United Nations member.</li> <li>3. Not recognised by any United Nations members.</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Monarchy_of_Europe" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Europe_topic" title="Template:Europe topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Europe_topic" title="Template talk:Europe topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Europe_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Europe topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Monarchy_of_Europe" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Monarchy of Europe</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_Albania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monarchy of Albania (page does not exist)">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_Andorra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monarchy of Andorra (page does not exist)">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_Armenia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monarchy of Armenia (page does not exist)">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Austria" class="mw-redirect" title="Monarchy of Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_Azerbaijan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monarchy of Azerbaijan (page does not exist)">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_Belarus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monarchy of Belarus (page does not exist)">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Belgium" title="Monarchy of Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monarchy of Bosnia and Herzegovina (page does not exist)">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Bulgaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Monarchy of Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_Croatia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monarchy of Croatia (page does not exist)">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_Cyprus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monarchy of Cyprus (page does not exist)">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_the_Czech_Republic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monarchy of the Czech Republic (page does not exist)">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Denmark" title="Monarchy of Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_Estonia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monarchy of Estonia (page does not exist)">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Finland" title="Monarchy of Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Monarchy of France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_Georgia_(country)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monarchy of Georgia (country) (page does not exist)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Germany" title="Monarchy of Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Greece" title="Monarchy of Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_Hungary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monarchy of Hungary (page does not exist)">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Iceland" class="mw-redirect" title="Monarchy of Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_the_Republic_of_Ireland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monarchy of the Republic of Ireland (page does not exist)">Ireland</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Italy" title="Monarchy of Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_Kazakhstan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monarchy of Kazakhstan (page does not exist)">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_Latvia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monarchy of Latvia (page does not exist)">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Liechtenstein" title="Monarchy of Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Lithuania" class="mw-redirect" title="Monarchy of Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Luxembourg" title="Monarchy of Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Malta" class="mw-redirect" title="Monarchy of Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_Moldova&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monarchy of Moldova (page does not exist)">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Monaco" title="Monarchy of Monaco">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_Montenegro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monarchy of Montenegro (page does not exist)">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_North_Macedonia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monarchy of North Macedonia (page does not exist)">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Norway" title="Monarchy of Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="Monarchy of Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="Monarchy of Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="Monarchy of Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Monarchy of Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_San_Marino&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monarchy of San Marino (page does not exist)">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Serbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Monarchy of Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_Slovakia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monarchy of Slovakia (page does not exist)">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_Slovenia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monarchy of Slovenia (page does not exist)">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Spain" title="Monarchy of Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Sweden" title="Monarchy of Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_Switzerland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monarchy of Switzerland (page does not exist)">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_Turkey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monarchy of Turkey (page does not exist)">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_Ukraine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monarchy of Ukraine (page does not exist)">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Monarchy of the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">States with limited<br />recognition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_Abkhazia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monarchy of Abkhazia (page does not exist)">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_Kosovo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monarchy of Kosovo (page does not exist)">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_Northern_Cyprus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monarchy of Northern Cyprus (page does not exist)">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_South_Ossetia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monarchy of South Ossetia (page does not exist)">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_Transnistria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monarchy of Transnistria (page does not exist)">Transnistria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dependencies and<br />other entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_%C3%85land&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monarchy of Åland (page does not exist)">Åland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_the_Faroe_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Monarchy of the Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Gibraltar" class="mw-redirect" title="Monarchy of Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_Guernsey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monarchy of Guernsey (page does not exist)">Guernsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_the_Isle_of_Man" class="mw-redirect" title="Monarchy of the Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_Jersey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monarchy of Jersey (page does not exist)">Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_Svalbard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monarchy of Svalbard (page does not exist)">Svalbard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Monarchies" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Monarchies" title="Template:Monarchies"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Monarchies" title="Template talk:Monarchies"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Monarchies" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Monarchies"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Monarchies" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Monarchy" title="Monarchy">Monarchies</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monarch" title="Monarch">Monarch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial,_royal_and_noble_ranks" title="Imperial, royal and noble ranks">Imperial, royal and noble ranks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_monarchs_of_sovereign_states" title="List of current monarchs of sovereign states">List of current sovereign monarchs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_non-sovereign_monarchs" title="List of current non-sovereign monarchs">List of current non-sovereign monarchs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchy_referendums" title="List of monarchy referendums">List of monarchy referendums</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Type</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Absolute_monarchy" title="Absolute monarchy">Absolute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_monarchy" title="Constitutional monarchy">Constitutional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diarchy" title="Diarchy">Diarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elective_monarchy" title="Elective monarchy">Elective</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_monarchy" title="Federal monarchy">Federal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hereditary_monarchy" title="Hereditary monarchy">Hereditary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-sovereign_monarchy" title="Non-sovereign monarchy">Non-sovereign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_union" title="Personal union">Personal union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regent" title="Regent">Regency</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abdication" title="Abdication">Abdication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abolition_of_monarchy" title="Abolition of monarchy">Abolition of monarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aristocracy_(class)" title="Aristocracy (class)">Aristocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_monarchy" title="Criticism of monarchy">Criticism of monarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratization" title="Democratization">Democratization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decolonization" title="Decolonization">Decolonization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dynasty" title="Dynasty">Dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government" title="Government">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Head_of_state" title="Head of state">Head of state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legitimacy_(political)" title="Legitimacy (political)">Legitimacy (political)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oligarchy" title="Oligarchy">Oligarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_succession" title="Order of succession">Order of succession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republicanism" title="Republicanism">Republicanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-proclaimed_monarchy" title="Self-proclaimed monarchy">Self-proclaimed monarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sovereignty" title="Sovereignty">Sovereignty</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Titles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chhatrapati" title="Chhatrapati">Chhatrapati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor" title="Emperor">Emperor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King" title="King">King</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Queen_regnant" title="Queen regnant">Queen regnant</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_regnant" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince regnant">Prince regnant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raja" title="Raja">Raja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khan_(title)" title="Khan (title)">khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsar" title="Tsar">Tsar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultan" title="Sultan">Sultan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shah" title="Shah">Shah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pharaoh" title="Pharaoh">Pharaoh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Africa" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Monarchies_in_Africa" title="Monarchies in Africa">Africa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ngwenyama" title="Ngwenyama">Eswatini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_Lesotho" class="mw-redirect" title="List of monarchs of Lesotho">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_of_Morocco" title="King of Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_constituent_African_monarchs" class="mw-redirect" title="List of current constituent African monarchs">list</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Monarchies_in_Asia" title="Monarchies in Asia">Asia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/King_of_Bahrain" title="King of Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_of_Bhutan" title="King of Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Sultans_of_Brunei" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Sultans of Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Cambodia" title="Monarchy of Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_Japan" title="Emperor of Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_kings_of_Jordan" title="List of kings of Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emir_of_Kuwait" title="Emir of Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yang_di-Pertuan_Agong" class="mw-redirect" title="Yang di-Pertuan Agong">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Oman" title="List of rulers of Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emir_of_Qatar" title="Emir of Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="King of Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Thailand" title="Monarchy of Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="President of the United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_non-sovereign_Asian_monarchs" title="List of current non-sovereign Asian monarchs">list</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Monarchies_in_Europe" title="Monarchies in Europe">Europe</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Co-Princes_of_Andorra" class="mw-redirect" title="Co-Princes of Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Belgium" title="Monarchy of Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Denmark" title="Monarchy of Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Liechtenstein" title="Monarchy of Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Luxembourg" title="Monarchy of Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Monaco" title="Monarchy of Monaco">Monaco</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Norway" title="Monarchy of Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Spain" title="Monarchy of Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Sweden" title="Monarchy of Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereigns_of_Vatican_City_State" class="mw-redirect" title="List of sovereigns of Vatican City State">Vatican City (Holy See)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Monarchies_in_Oceania" title="Monarchies in Oceania">Oceania</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_Tonga" title="List of monarchs of Tonga">Tonga</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_realm" title="Commonwealth realm">Commonwealth realms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Monarchy of Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Australia" title="Monarchy of Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_the_Bahamas" title="Monarchy of the Bahamas">Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Belize" title="Monarchy of Belize">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Canada" title="Monarchy of Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Grenada" title="Monarchy of Grenada">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Jamaica" title="Monarchy of Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_New_Zealand" title="Monarchy of New Zealand">New Zealand</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_in_the_Cook_Islands" title="Monarchy in the Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Niuean_monarchs" title="List of Niuean monarchs">Niue</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Monarchy of Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" title="Monarchy of Saint Kitts and Nevis">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Saint_Lucia" title="Monarchy of Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" title="Monarchy of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Solomon_Islands" title="Monarchy of Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Tuvalu" title="Monarchy of Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Monarchy of the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Abolition_of_monarchy" title="Abolition of monarchy">Former</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adamawa_Emirate" title="Adamawa Emirate">Adamawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ankole" title="Ankole">Ankole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Aussa" title="Sultanate of Aussa">Aussa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barotseland" title="Barotseland">Barotseland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Bagirmi" title="Sultanate of Bagirmi">Bagirmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanem%E2%80%93Bornu_Empire" title="Kanem–Bornu Empire">Bornu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Burundi" title="Kingdom of Burundi">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_African_Empire" title="Central African Empire">Central Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dahomey" title="Dahomey">Dahomey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="Kingdom of Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Empire" title="Ethiopian Empire">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghana_Empire" title="Ghana Empire">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Gomma" title="Kingdom of Gomma">Gomma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Gumma" title="Kingdom of Gumma">Gumma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kaffa" title="Kingdom of Kaffa">Kaffa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kongo" title="Kingdom of Kongo">Kongo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Libya" title="Kingdom of Libya">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Luba" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Luba">Luba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merina_Kingdom" title="Merina Kingdom">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mali_Empire" title="Mali Empire">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayotte#History" title="Mayotte">Maore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maravi" title="Maravi">Maravi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moh%C3%A9li#History" title="Mohéli">Mwali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anjouan#Early_and_colonial_history" title="Anjouan">Ndzuwani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grande_Comore#History" title="Grande Comore">Ngazidja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Rwanda" title="Kingdom of Rwanda">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shilluk_Kingdom" title="Shilluk Kingdom">Shilluk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islands_of_Refreshment" title="Islands of Refreshment">Islands of Refreshment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Tunisia" title="Kingdom of Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wituland" title="Wituland">Wituland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wassoulou_Empire" title="Wassoulou Empire">Wassoulou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeke_Kingdom" title="Yeke Kingdom">Yeke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Zanzibar" title="Sultanate of Zanzibar">Zanzibar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Zimbabwe" title="Kingdom of Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_kingdoms_in_pre-colonial_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="List of kingdoms in pre-colonial Africa">and other</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Araucan%C3%ADa_and_Patagonia" title="Kingdom of Araucanía and Patagonia">Araucanía</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aztec_Empire" title="Aztec Empire">Aztec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Brazil" title="Empire of Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Empire_of_Haiti" title="Second Empire of Haiti">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inca_Empire" title="Inca Empire">Inca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Mexican_Empire" title="Second Mexican Empire">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mosquito_Coast" title="Mosquito Coast">Miskito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suriname_(Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands)" title="Suriname (Kingdom of the Netherlands)">Suriname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Talamanca" title="Kingdom of Talamanca">Talamanca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Trinidad" title="Principality of Trinidad">Trinidad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirteen_Colonies" title="Thirteen Colonies">Thirteen Colonies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Afghanistan" title="Kingdom of Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idrisid_Emirate_of_Asir" title="Idrisid Emirate of Asir">Asir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengal_Sultanate" title="Bengal Sultanate">Bengal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Bukhara" title="Emirate of Bukhara">Bukhara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konbaung_dynasty" title="Konbaung dynasty">Burma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cebu_(historical_polity)" title="Cebu (historical polity)">Cebu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shihab_dynasty" title="Shihab dynasty">Chehab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_China" title="Monarchy of China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dapitan_Kingdom" title="Dapitan Kingdom">Dapitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hejaz" title="Kingdom of Hejaz">Hejaz</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indonesian_monarchies" title="List of Indonesian monarchies">Indonesia</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahlavi_dynasty" title="Pahlavi dynasty">Iran</a> (<a href="/wiki/Qajar_Iran" title="Qajar Iran">Qajar</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Iraq" title="Kingdom of Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Jabal_Shammar" title="Emirate of Jabal Shammar">Jabal Shammar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathiri" title="Kathiri">Kathiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khanate_of_Khiva" title="Khanate of Khiva">Khiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Empire" title="Korean Empire">Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumul_Khanate" title="Kumul Khanate">Kumul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kurdistan" title="Kingdom of Kurdistan">Kurdistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Laos" title="Kingdom of Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Maguindanao" title="Sultanate of Maguindanao">Maguindanao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahra_Sultanate" title="Mahra Sultanate">Mahra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Maldivian_monarchs" title="List of Maldivian monarchs">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchukuo" title="Manchukuo">Manchukuo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bogd_Khanate_of_Mongolia" title="Bogd Khanate of Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Najran" title="Principality of Najran">Najran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Nepal" title="Kingdom of Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qu%27aiti" title="Qu'aiti">Qu'aiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryukyu_Kingdom" title="Ryukyu Kingdom">Ryukyu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raj_of_Sarawak" title="Raj of Sarawak">Sarawak</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shan_States" title="Shan States">Shan</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sikkim" title="Kingdom of Sikkim">Sikkim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinhalese_monarchy" title="Sinhalese monarchy">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sip_Song_Chau_Tai" title="Sip Song Chau Tai">Sip Song Chau Tai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Sulu" title="Sultanate of Sulu">Sulu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Kingdom_of_Syria" title="Arab Kingdom of Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibet_(1912%E2%80%931951)" title="Tibet (1912–1951)">Tibet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Tungning" title="Kingdom of Tungning">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheikdom_of_Upper_Asir" title="Sheikdom of Upper Asir">Upper Asir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_Yafa" title="Upper Yafa">Upper Yafa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_Vietnam" title="List of monarchs of Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutawakkilite_Kingdom_of_Yemen" class="mw-redirect" title="Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen">Yemen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emirates_of_South_Arabia" class="mw-redirect" title="Emirates of South Arabia">Emirates of South Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federation_of_South_Arabia" title="Federation of South Arabia">South Arabia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Kingdom_(1928%E2%80%931939)" title="Albanian Kingdom (1928–1939)">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Aragon" title="Kingdom of Aragon">Aragon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Asturias" title="Kingdom of Asturias">Asturias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_Empire" title="Austrian Empire">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austria-Hungary" title="Austria-Hungary">Austria-Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bavaria" title="Kingdom of Bavaria">Bavaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bosnia" title="Kingdom of Bosnia">Bosnia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Brittany" title="Duchy of Brittany">Brittany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bulgaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Catalonia" title="Principality of Catalonia">Catalonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Khanate" title="Crimean Khanate">Crimea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Kingdom_of_Cilicia" title="Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia">Cilicia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Corsica_(1736)" title="Kingdom of Corsica (1736)">Corsica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Cyprus" title="Kingdom of Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Finland_(1918)" title="Kingdom of Finland (1918)">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_French_Empire" title="Second French Empire">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Galicia" title="Kingdom of Galicia">Galicia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Georgia" title="Kingdom of Georgia">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Greece" title="Kingdom of Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Granada" title="Emirate of Granada">Granada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hanover" title="Kingdom of Hanover">Hanover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary" title="Kingdom of Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Iceland" title="Kingdom of Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Imereti" title="Kingdom of Imereti">Imereti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Ireland" title="Monarchy of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy" title="Kingdom of Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kartli-Kakheti" title="Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti">Kartli-Kakheti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Lithuania_(1918)" title="Kingdom of Lithuania (1918)">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Majorca" title="Kingdom of Majorca">Majorca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Isles" title="Kingdom of the Isles">Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldavia" title="Moldavia">Moldavia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Montenegro" title="Kingdom of Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Navarre" title="Kingdom of Navarre">Navarre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Neuch%C3%A2tel#History" title="Canton of Neuchâtel">Neuchâtel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_States" title="Papal States">Papal States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sardinia_(1720%E2%80%931861)" title="Kingdom of Sardinia (1720–1861)">Piedmont-Sardinia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth" title="Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth">Poland–Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Portugal" title="Kingdom of Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Prussia" title="Kingdom of Prussia">Prussia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Romania" title="Kingdom of Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Samos" title="Principality of Samos">Samos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Saxony" title="Kingdom of Saxony">Saxony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Savoy" title="Duchy of Savoy">Savoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Scotland" title="Kingdom of Scotland">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Serbia" title="Kingdom of Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Tavolara" title="Kingdom of Tavolara">Tavolara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Two_Sicilies" title="Kingdom of the Two Sicilies">Two Sicilies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Tuscany" title="Grand Duchy of Tuscany">Tuscany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Baltic_Duchy" title="United Baltic Duchy">United Baltic Duchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia" title="Kingdom of Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Valencia" title="Kingdom of Valencia">Valencia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Kingdom of Württemberg">Württemberg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abemama" title="Abemama">Abemama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bora_Bora" title="Kingdom of Bora Bora">Bora Bora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_of_Easter_Island" title="King of Easter Island">Easter Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Fiji" title="Kingdom of Fiji">Kingdom of Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_Kingdom" title="Hawaiian Kingdom">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huahine" title="Huahine">Huahine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangareva" title="Mangareva">Mangareva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niue" title="Niue">Niuē-Fekai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuku_Hiva" title="Nuku Hiva">Nuku Hiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_Raiatea" title="List of monarchs of Raiatea">Raiatea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapa_Iti" title="Rapa Iti">Rapa Iti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Rarotonga" title="Kingdom of Rarotonga">Rarotonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rimatara" title="Rimatara">Rimatara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rurutu" title="Rurutu">Rurutu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahuata" title="Tahuata">Tahuata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Tahiti" title="Kingdom of Tahiti">Tahiti</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Commonwealth realms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Barbados" title="Monarchy of Barbados">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Ceylon_(1948%E2%80%931972)" title="Monarchy of Ceylon (1948–1972)">Ceylon</a> (Sri Lanka)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Fiji" title="Monarchy of Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_the_Gambia" title="Queen of the Gambia">The Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Ghana" title="Queen of Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Guyana" title="Queen of Guyana">Guyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_India" title="Dominion of India">India</a> (<a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British Raj</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/List_of_princely_states_of_British_India_(alphabetical)" title="List of princely states of British India (alphabetical)">princely states</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Free_State" title="Irish Free State">Irish Free State</a> / <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Kenya" title="Queen of Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Malawi" title="Queen of Malawi">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Malta" title="Queen of Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Mauritius" title="Queen of Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Nigeria" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen of Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Pakistan" title="Monarchy of Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Rhodesia" title="Queen of Rhodesia">Rhodesia</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Sierra_Leone" title="Queen of Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_South_Africa" title="Monarchy of South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Tanganyika" title="Queen of Tanganyika">Tanganyika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Queen of Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Uganda" title="Queen of Uganda">Uganda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="European_royal_families" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:European_royal_families" title="Template:European royal families"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:European_royal_families" title="Template talk:European royal families"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:European_royal_families" title="Special:EditPage/Template:European royal families"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="European_royal_families" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Monarchies_in_Europe" title="Monarchies in Europe">European royal families</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Reigning</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Belgium#Royal_family" title="Monarchy of Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_royal_family" title="Danish royal family">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Liechtenstein" title="House of Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Ducal_Family_of_Luxembourg" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Ducal Family of Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Monaco" title="Monarchy of Monaco">Monaco</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#The_royal_family_and_the_royal_house">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_royal_family" title="Norwegian royal family">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_royal_family" title="Spanish royal family">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_royal_family" title="Swedish royal family">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_royal_family" title="British royal family">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-reigning <a href="/wiki/Pretender" title="Pretender">pretenders</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Zogu" title="House of Zogu">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Habsburg-Lorraine" title="House of Habsburg-Lorraine">Austria-Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_royal_family" title="Bulgarian royal family">Bulgaria</a></li> <li>France <ul><li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Bourbon" title="House of Bourbon">Bourbon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="House of Orléans">Orléans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Bonaparte" title="House of Bonaparte">Bonaparte</a></li></ul></li> <li><a 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