CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html > <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/open_search.xml" title="Academia.edu"> <meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" name="viewport"> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="bKJMBZA7E43xhDOopFZkssMMkBRjvYERV-NaN4R6mrs"> <meta name="csrf-param" content="authenticity_token" /> <meta name="csrf-token" content="NGk01/GZcFGmkwTTuGpoT7IdIkEDDSEjrkOEMPd7YNONc5SQGH7r1raAsmOWvTubfac4N3wAagdoG1mfZSAmxQ==" /> <meta name="citation_title" content="&#39;Timepass&#39; Development: Situating Social Media in Rural Rajasthan" /> <meta name="citation_publication_date" content="2017/11/25" /> <meta name="citation_journal_title" content="Economic &amp; Political Weekly" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Sandeep Mertia" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" /> <meta name="twitter:url" content="https://www.academia.edu/35293060/Timepass_Development_Situating_Social_Media_in_Rural_Rajasthan" /> <meta name="twitter:title" content="'Timepass' Development: Situating Social Media in Rural Rajasthan" /> <meta name="twitter:description" content="Significant empirical gaps between the technocratic discourse and the grassroots experiences of technology are exemplified by the growing usage of social and digital media in rural areas where Information and Communications Technologies for" /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://0.academia-photos.com/4622296/1932606/70745998/s200_sandeep.mertia.jpg" /> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="2369844204" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.academia.edu/35293060/Timepass_Development_Situating_Social_Media_in_Rural_Rajasthan" /> <meta property="og:title" content="'Timepass' Development: Situating Social Media in Rural Rajasthan" /> <meta property="og:image" content="http://a.academia-assets.com/images/open-graph-icons/fb-paper.gif" /> <meta property="og:description" content="Significant empirical gaps between the technocratic discourse and the grassroots experiences of technology are exemplified by the growing usage of social and digital media in rural areas where Information and Communications Technologies for" /> <meta property="article:author" content="https://stevens.academia.edu/SandeepMertia" /> <meta name="description" content="Significant empirical gaps between the technocratic discourse and the grassroots experiences of technology are exemplified by the growing usage of social and digital media in rural areas where Information and Communications Technologies for" /> <title>(PDF) 'Timepass' Development: Situating Social Media in Rural Rajasthan | Sandeep Mertia - Academia.edu</title> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.academia.edu/35293060/Timepass_Development_Situating_Social_Media_in_Rural_Rajasthan" /> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5VKX33P2DS', { cookie_domain: 'academia.edu', send_page_view: false, }); gtag('event', 'page_view', { 'controller': "single_work", 'action': "show", 'controller_action': 'single_work#show', 'logged_in': 'false', 'edge': 'unknown', // Send nil if there is no A/B test bucket, in case some records get logged // with missing data - that way we can distinguish between the two cases. // ab_test_bucket should be of the form <ab_test_name>:<bucket> 'ab_test_bucket': null, }) </script> <script> var $controller_name = 'single_work'; var $action_name = "show"; var $rails_env = 'production'; var $app_rev = '2b323b66a375d827460f94b1814b71601778096e'; var $domain = 'academia.edu'; var $app_host = "academia.edu"; var $asset_host = "academia-assets.com"; var $start_time = new Date().getTime(); var $recaptcha_key = "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB"; var $recaptcha_invisible_key = "6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj"; var $disableClientRecordHit = false; </script> <script> window.require = { config: function() { return function() {} } } </script> <script> window.Aedu = window.Aedu || {}; window.Aedu.hit_data = null; window.Aedu.serverRenderTime = new Date(1734027718000); window.Aedu.timeDifference = new Date().getTime() - 1734027718000; </script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"ScholarlyArticle","abstract":"Significant empirical gaps between the technocratic discourse and the grassroots experiences of technology are exemplified by the growing usage of social and digital media in rural areas where Information and Communications Technologies for Development and e-governance pilot projects have failed to meet their goals. Based on an ethnographic study of information and communication technologies in two villages of Rajasthan, the paper aims to situate social and digital media in the complex rural society and media ecology using co-constructivist approaches. Focusing on context-sensitive meaning-making of ICTs, the paper seeks to contribute to an empirically sound discourse on media, technology and rural society in India.","author":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Sandeep Mertia"}],"contributor":[],"dateCreated":"2017-11-29","datePublished":"2017-11-25","headline":"'Timepass' Development: Situating Social Media in Rural Rajasthan","image":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/55153875/thumbnails/1.jpg","inLanguage":"en","keywords":["Media Studies","Ethnography","ICT4D","STS (Anthropology)","Digital India"],"publication":"Economic \u0026 Political Weekly","publisher":{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Organization","name":null},"sourceOrganization":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"EducationalOrganization","name":"stevens"}],"thumbnailUrl":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/55153875/thumbnails/1.jpg","url":"https://www.academia.edu/35293060/Timepass_Development_Situating_Social_Media_in_Rural_Rajasthan"}</script><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/single_work_page/loswp-102fa537001ba4d8dcd921ad9bd56c474abc201906ea4843e7e7efe9dfbf561d.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/body-8d679e925718b5e8e4b18e9a4fab37f7eaa99e43386459376559080ac8f2856a.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/button-3cea6e0ad4715ed965c49bfb15dedfc632787b32ff6d8c3a474182b231146ab7.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/text_button-73590134e40cdb49f9abdc8e796cc00dc362693f3f0f6137d6cf9bb78c318ce7.css" /><link crossorigin="" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com/" rel="preconnect" /><link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=DM+Sans:ital,opsz,wght@0,9..40,100..1000;1,9..40,100..1000&family=Gupter:wght@400;500;700&family=IBM+Plex+Mono:wght@300;400&family=Material+Symbols+Outlined:opsz,wght,FILL,GRAD@20,400,0,0&display=swap" rel="stylesheet" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/common-10fa40af19d25203774df2d4a03b9b5771b45109c2304968038e88a81d1215c5.css" /> </head> <body> <div id='react-modal'></div> <div class="js-upgrade-ie-banner" style="display: none; text-align: center; padding: 8px 0; background-color: #ebe480;"><p style="color: #000; font-size: 12px; margin: 0 0 4px;">Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer.</p><p style="color: #000; font-size: 12px; margin: 0;">To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds to <a href="https://www.academia.edu/upgrade-browser">upgrade your browser</a>.</p></div><script>// Show this banner for all versions of IE if (!!window.MSInputMethodContext || /(MSIE)/.test(navigator.userAgent)) { document.querySelector('.js-upgrade-ie-banner').style.display = 'block'; }</script> <div class="bootstrap login"><div class="modal fade login-modal" id="login-modal"><div class="login-modal-dialog modal-dialog"><div class="modal-content"><div class="modal-header"><button class="close close" data-dismiss="modal" type="button"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span><span class="sr-only">Close</span></button><h4 class="modal-title text-center"><strong>Log In</strong></h4></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><button class="btn btn-fb btn-lg btn-block btn-v-center-content" id="login-facebook-oauth-button"><svg style="float: left; width: 19px; line-height: 1em; margin-right: .3em;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="facebook-square" class="svg-inline--fa fa-facebook-square fa-w-14" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M400 32H48A48 48 0 0 0 0 80v352a48 48 0 0 0 48 48h137.25V327.69h-63V256h63v-54.64c0-62.15 37-96.48 93.67-96.48 27.14 0 55.52 4.84 55.52 4.84v61h-31.27c-30.81 0-40.42 19.12-40.42 38.73V256h68.78l-11 71.69h-57.78V480H400a48 48 0 0 0 48-48V80a48 48 0 0 0-48-48z"></path></svg><small><strong>Log in</strong> with <strong>Facebook</strong></small></button><br /><button class="btn btn-google btn-lg btn-block btn-v-center-content" id="login-google-oauth-button"><svg style="float: left; width: 22px; line-height: 1em; margin-right: .3em;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="google-plus" class="svg-inline--fa fa-google-plus fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256,8C119.1,8,8,119.1,8,256S119.1,504,256,504,504,392.9,504,256,392.9,8,256,8ZM185.3,380a124,124,0,0,1,0-248c31.3,0,60.1,11,83,32.3l-33.6,32.6c-13.2-12.9-31.3-19.1-49.4-19.1-42.9,0-77.2,35.5-77.2,78.1S142.3,334,185.3,334c32.6,0,64.9-19.1,70.1-53.3H185.3V238.1H302.2a109.2,109.2,0,0,1,1.9,20.7c0,70.8-47.5,121.2-118.8,121.2ZM415.5,273.8v35.5H380V273.8H344.5V238.3H380V202.8h35.5v35.5h35.2v35.5Z"></path></svg><small><strong>Log in</strong> with <strong>Google</strong></small></button><br /><style type="text/css">.sign-in-with-apple-button { width: 100%; height: 52px; border-radius: 3px; border: 1px solid black; cursor: pointer; }</style><script src="https://appleid.cdn-apple.com/appleauth/static/jsapi/appleid/1/en_US/appleid.auth.js" type="text/javascript"></script><div class="sign-in-with-apple-button" data-border="false" data-color="white" id="appleid-signin"><span   ="Sign Up with Apple" class="u-fs11"></span></div><script>AppleID.auth.init({ clientId: 'edu.academia.applesignon', scope: 'name email', redirectURI: 'https://www.academia.edu/sessions', state: "c26fbedbe3ab367aeec149c7106f160bc5379ea878661cee0b82e951c212cef6", });</script><script>// Hacky way of checking if on fast loswp if (window.loswp == null) { (function() { const Google = window?.Aedu?.Auth?.OauthButton?.Login?.Google; const Facebook = window?.Aedu?.Auth?.OauthButton?.Login?.Facebook; if (Google) { new Google({ el: '#login-google-oauth-button', rememberMeCheckboxId: 'remember_me', track: null }); } if (Facebook) { new Facebook({ el: '#login-facebook-oauth-button', rememberMeCheckboxId: 'remember_me', track: null }); } })(); }</script></div></div></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><div class="hr-heading login-hr-heading"><span class="hr-heading-text">or</span></div></div></div></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><form class="js-login-form" action="https://www.academia.edu/sessions" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="✓" autocomplete="off" /><input type="hidden" name="authenticity_token" value="/P4Sf536ocv6Hf11oM29OeA2o1p/yfeqMr+IyX1Gc31F5LI4dB06TOoOS8WOGu7tL4y5LADEvI7051Vm7x01aw==" autocomplete="off" /><div class="form-group"><label class="control-label" for="login-modal-email-input" style="font-size: 14px;">Email</label><input class="form-control" id="login-modal-email-input" name="login" type="email" /></div><div class="form-group"><label class="control-label" for="login-modal-password-input" style="font-size: 14px;">Password</label><input class="form-control" id="login-modal-password-input" name="password" type="password" /></div><input type="hidden" name="post_login_redirect_url" id="post_login_redirect_url" value="https://www.academia.edu/35293060/Timepass_Development_Situating_Social_Media_in_Rural_Rajasthan" autocomplete="off" /><div class="checkbox"><label><input type="checkbox" name="remember_me" id="remember_me" value="1" checked="checked" /><small style="font-size: 12px; margin-top: 2px; display: inline-block;">Remember me on this computer</small></label></div><br><input type="submit" name="commit" value="Log In" class="btn btn-primary btn-block btn-lg js-login-submit" data-disable-with="Log In" /></br></form><script>typeof window?.Aedu?.recaptchaManagedForm === 'function' && window.Aedu.recaptchaManagedForm( document.querySelector('.js-login-form'), document.querySelector('.js-login-submit') );</script><small style="font-size: 12px;"><br />or <a data-target="#login-modal-reset-password-container" data-toggle="collapse" href="javascript:void(0)">reset password</a></small><div class="collapse" id="login-modal-reset-password-container"><br /><div class="well margin-0x"><form class="js-password-reset-form" action="https://www.academia.edu/reset_password" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="✓" autocomplete="off" /><input type="hidden" name="authenticity_token" value="kXs5cNjtUq4xmAsawpSGdwam8McUG88DtxTycShm4FMoYZk3MQrJKSGLvarsQ9WjyRzqsWsWhCdxTC/euj2mRQ==" autocomplete="off" /><p>Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link.</p><div class="form-group"><input class="form-control" name="email" type="email" /></div><input class="btn btn-primary btn-block g-recaptcha js-password-reset-submit" data-sitekey="6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj" type="submit" value="Email me a link" /></form></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/collapse-45805421cf446ca5adf7aaa1935b08a3a8d1d9a6cc5d91a62a2a3a00b20b3e6a.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb $("#login-modal-reset-password-container").on("shown.bs.collapse", function() { $(this).find("input[type=email]").focus(); }); }); </script> </div></div></div><div class="modal-footer"><div class="text-center"><small style="font-size: 12px;">Need an account? <a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup">Click here to sign up</a></small></div></div></div></div></div></div><script>// If we are on subdomain or non-bootstrapped page, redirect to login page instead of showing modal (function(){ if (typeof $ === 'undefined') return; var host = window.location.hostname; if ((host === $domain || host === "www."+$domain) && (typeof $().modal === 'function')) { $("#nav_log_in").click(function(e) { // Don't follow the link and open the modal e.preventDefault(); $("#login-modal").on('shown.bs.modal', function() { $(this).find("#login-modal-email-input").focus() }).modal('show'); }); } })()</script> <div id="fb-root"></div><script>window.fbAsyncInit = function() { FB.init({ appId: "2369844204", version: "v8.0", status: true, cookie: true, xfbml: true }); // Additional initialization code. if (window.InitFacebook) { // facebook.ts already loaded, set it up. window.InitFacebook(); } else { // Set a flag for facebook.ts to find when it loads. window.academiaAuthReadyFacebook = true; } };</script> <div id="google-root"></div><script>window.loadGoogle = function() { if (window.InitGoogle) { // google.ts already loaded, set it up. window.InitGoogle("331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b"); } else { // Set a flag for google.ts to use when it loads. window.GoogleClientID = "331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b"; } };</script> <div class="header--container" id="main-header-container"><div class="header--inner-container header--inner-container-ds2"><div class="header-ds2--left-wrapper"><div class="header-ds2--left-wrapper-inner"><a data-main-header-link-target="logo_home" href="https://www.academia.edu/"><img class="hide-on-desktop-redesign" style="height: 24px; width: 24px;" alt="Academia.edu" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-redesign-2015-A.svg" width="24" height="24" /><img width="145.2" height="18" class="hide-on-mobile-redesign" style="height: 24px;" alt="Academia.edu" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-redesign-2015.svg" /></a><div class="header--search-container header--search-container-ds2"><form class="js-SiteSearch-form select2-no-default-pills" action="https://www.academia.edu/search" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="get"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="✓" autocomplete="off" /><svg style="width: 14px; height: 14px;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="search" class="header--search-icon svg-inline--fa fa-search fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M505 442.7L405.3 343c-4.5-4.5-10.6-7-17-7H372c27.6-35.3 44-79.7 44-128C416 93.1 322.9 0 208 0S0 93.1 0 208s93.1 208 208 208c48.3 0 92.7-16.4 128-44v16.3c0 6.4 2.5 12.5 7 17l99.7 99.7c9.4 9.4 24.6 9.4 33.9 0l28.3-28.3c9.4-9.4 9.4-24.6.1-34zM208 336c-70.7 0-128-57.2-128-128 0-70.7 57.2-128 128-128 70.7 0 128 57.2 128 128 0 70.7-57.2 128-128 128z"></path></svg><input class="header--search-input header--search-input-ds2 js-SiteSearch-form-input" data-main-header-click-target="search_input" name="q" placeholder="Search" type="text" /></form></div></div></div><nav class="header--nav-buttons header--nav-buttons-ds2 js-main-nav"><a class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-header-login-url header-button-ds2 header-login-ds2 hide-on-mobile-redesign" href="https://www.academia.edu/login" rel="nofollow">Log In</a><a class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary header-button-ds2 hide-on-mobile-redesign" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup" rel="nofollow">Sign Up</a><button class="header--hamburger-button header--hamburger-button-ds2 hide-on-desktop-redesign js-header-hamburger-button"><div class="icon-bar"></div><div class="icon-bar" style="margin-top: 4px;"></div><div class="icon-bar" style="margin-top: 4px;"></div></button></nav></div><ul class="header--dropdown-container js-header-dropdown"><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/login" rel="nofollow">Log In</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup" rel="nofollow">Sign Up</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row js-header-dropdown-expand-button"><button class="header--dropdown-button">more<svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="caret-down" class="header--dropdown-button-icon svg-inline--fa fa-caret-down fa-w-10" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M31.3 192h257.3c17.8 0 26.7 21.5 14.1 34.1L174.1 354.8c-7.8 7.8-20.5 7.8-28.3 0L17.2 226.1C4.6 213.5 13.5 192 31.3 192z"></path></svg></button></li><li><ul class="header--expanded-dropdown-container"><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/about">About</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/press">Press</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/documents">Papers</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/terms">Terms</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/privacy">Privacy</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/copyright">Copyright</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/hiring"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="briefcase" class="header--dropdown-row-icon svg-inline--fa fa-briefcase fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M320 336c0 8.84-7.16 16-16 16h-96c-8.84 0-16-7.16-16-16v-48H0v144c0 25.6 22.4 48 48 48h416c25.6 0 48-22.4 48-48V288H320v48zm144-208h-80V80c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48H176c-25.6 0-48 22.4-48 48v48H48c-25.6 0-48 22.4-48 48v80h512v-80c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48zm-144 0H192V96h128v32z"></path></svg>We're Hiring!</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://support.academia.edu/"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="question-circle" class="header--dropdown-row-icon svg-inline--fa fa-question-circle fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M504 256c0 136.997-111.043 248-248 248S8 392.997 8 256C8 119.083 119.043 8 256 8s248 111.083 248 248zM262.655 90c-54.497 0-89.255 22.957-116.549 63.758-3.536 5.286-2.353 12.415 2.715 16.258l34.699 26.31c5.205 3.947 12.621 3.008 16.665-2.122 17.864-22.658 30.113-35.797 57.303-35.797 20.429 0 45.698 13.148 45.698 32.958 0 14.976-12.363 22.667-32.534 33.976C247.128 238.528 216 254.941 216 296v4c0 6.627 5.373 12 12 12h56c6.627 0 12-5.373 12-12v-1.333c0-28.462 83.186-29.647 83.186-106.667 0-58.002-60.165-102-116.531-102zM256 338c-25.365 0-46 20.635-46 46 0 25.364 20.635 46 46 46s46-20.636 46-46c0-25.365-20.635-46-46-46z"></path></svg>Help Center</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row js-header-dropdown-collapse-button"><button class="header--dropdown-button">less<svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="caret-up" class="header--dropdown-button-icon svg-inline--fa fa-caret-up fa-w-10" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M288.662 352H31.338c-17.818 0-26.741-21.543-14.142-34.142l128.662-128.662c7.81-7.81 20.474-7.81 28.284 0l128.662 128.662c12.6 12.599 3.676 34.142-14.142 34.142z"></path></svg></button></li></ul></li></ul></div> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/fast_loswp-bundle-4a5bd0e3336526b8821b295c6de9b4b3520efd56a0558b2ddb94f7aecb2d0a85.js" defer="defer"></script><script>window.loswp = {}; window.loswp.author = 4622296; window.loswp.bulkDownloadFilterCounts = {}; window.loswp.hasDownloadableAttachment = true; window.loswp.hasViewableAttachments = true; // TODO: just use routes for this window.loswp.loginUrl = "https://www.academia.edu/login?post_login_redirect_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F35293060%2FTimepass_Development_Situating_Social_Media_in_Rural_Rajasthan%3Fauto%3Ddownload"; window.loswp.translateUrl = "https://www.academia.edu/login?post_login_redirect_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F35293060%2FTimepass_Development_Situating_Social_Media_in_Rural_Rajasthan%3Fshow_translation%3Dtrue"; window.loswp.previewableAttachments = [{"id":55153875,"identifier":"Attachment_55153875","shouldShowBulkDownload":false},{"id":64713458,"identifier":"Attachment_64713458","shouldShowBulkDownload":false}]; window.loswp.shouldDetectTimezone = true; window.loswp.shouldShowBulkDownload = true; window.loswp.showSignupCaptcha = false window.loswp.willEdgeCache = false; window.loswp.work = {"work":{"id":35293060,"created_at":"2017-11-29T14:21:37.157-08:00","from_world_paper_id":null,"updated_at":"2021-01-17T22:14:05.985-08:00","_data":{"issue":"47","volume":"52","abstract":"Significant empirical gaps between the technocratic discourse and the grassroots experiences of technology are exemplified by the growing usage of social and digital media in rural areas where Information and Communications Technologies for Development and e-governance pilot projects have failed to meet their goals. Based on an ethnographic study of information and communication technologies in two villages of Rajasthan, the paper aims to situate social and digital media in the complex rural society and media ecology using co-constructivist approaches. Focusing on context-sensitive meaning-making of ICTs, the paper seeks to contribute to an empirically sound discourse on media, technology and rural society in India.","page_numbers":"69-77","publication_date":"2017,11,25","publication_name":"Economic \u0026 Political Weekly"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"'Timepass' Development: Situating Social Media in Rural Rajasthan","broadcastable":true,"draft":false,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [4622296]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "control"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loginModal = {}; window.loginModal.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon';</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":55153875,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “'Timepass' Development: Situating Social Media in Rural Rajasthan”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/55153875/mini_magick20180818-10292-1rvzpua.png?1534647013" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/single_work_splash/adobe_icon.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">'Timepass' Development: Situating Social Media in Rural Rajasthan</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="4622296" href="https://stevens.academia.edu/SandeepMertia"><img alt="Profile image of Sandeep Mertia" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/4622296/1932606/70745998/s65_sandeep.mertia.jpg" />Sandeep Mertia</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2017, Economic & Political Weekly</p><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">visibility</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm" id="work-metadata-view-count">…</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">description</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">19 pages</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">link</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">2 files</p></div></div><script>(async () => { const workId = 35293060; const worksViewsPath = "/v0/works/views?subdomain_param=api&work_ids%5B%5D=35293060"; const getWorkViews = async (workId) => { const response = await fetch(worksViewsPath); if (!response.ok) { throw new Error('Failed to load work views'); } const data = await response.json(); return data.views[workId]; }; // Get the view count for the work - we send this immediately rather than waiting for // the DOM to load, so it can be available as soon as possible (but without holding up // the backend or other resource requests, because it's a bit expensive and not critical). const viewCount = await getWorkViews(workId); const updateViewCount = (viewCount) => { try { const viewCountNumber = parseInt(viewCount, 10); if (viewCountNumber === 0) { // Remove the whole views element if there are zero views. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); return; } const commaizedViewCount = viewCountNumber.toLocaleString(); const viewCountBody = document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count'); if (!viewCountBody) { throw new Error('Failed to find work views element'); } viewCountBody.textContent = `${commaizedViewCount} views`; } catch (error) { // Remove the whole views element if there was some issue parsing. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); throw new Error(`Failed to parse view count: ${viewCount}`, error); } }; // If the DOM is still loading, wait for it to be ready before updating the view count. if (document.readyState === "loading") { document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { updateViewCount(viewCount); }); // Otherwise, just update it immediately. } else { updateViewCount(viewCount); } })();</script></div><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">Significant empirical gaps between the technocratic discourse and the grassroots experiences of technology are exemplified by the growing usage of social and digital media in rural areas where Information and Communications Technologies for Development and e-governance pilot projects have failed to meet their goals. Based on an ethnographic study of information and communication technologies in two villages of Rajasthan, the paper aims to situate social and digital media in the complex rural society and media ecology using co-constructivist approaches. Focusing on context-sensitive meaning-making of ICTs, the paper seeks to contribute to an empirically sound discourse on media, technology and rural society in India.</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":55153875,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/35293060/Timepass_Development_Situating_Social_Media_in_Rural_Rajasthan"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":55153875,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/35293060/Timepass_Development_Situating_Social_Media_in_Rural_Rajasthan"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div></div><div data-auto_select="false" data-client_id="331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b" data-doc_id="55153875" data-landing_url="https://www.academia.edu/35293060/Timepass_Development_Situating_Social_Media_in_Rural_Rajasthan" data-login_uri="https://www.academia.edu/registrations/google_one_tap" data-moment_callback="onGoogleOneTapEvent" id="g_id_onload"></div><div class="ds-top-related-works--grid-container"><div class="ds-related-content--container ds-top-related-works--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="5583559" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/5583559/Exploring_the_Caste_Gender_and_Politics_of_Technology_An_Ethnographic_Enquiry_into_e_Governance_in_Rural_Rajasthan">Exploring the Caste, Gender & Politics of Technology -- An Ethnographic Enquiry into e-Governance in Rural Rajasthan</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="4622296" href="https://stevens.academia.edu/SandeepMertia">Sandeep Mertia</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Conference Paper for the Research Committee on Science, Technology and Society, 39th All India Sociological Conference, Mysore., 2013</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">e-Governance in India, with its grand scale of investment, ambitious goals and pervasiveness, is one of the biggest spectacles of technological intervention in everyday life of people, especially in the rural areas. However, there has been little critical research into the 'social' of technology in India. The paper aims to build a theoretically and ethnographically informed case for sociological enquiry into e-governance by problematizing the relationships between technology, development and governancefrom the grand global narratives to the local contextual minutiae. Firstly, an extensive literature review constructs an argument for ethnographic research into ICTs at grassroots level. The paper then presents findings of the author's fieldwork using STS approaches and ethnomethodologies like participant observation, interviews and field notes; of rural e-governance projects of high-speed internet connectivity in gram panchayats in three villages of Rajasthan -Arian, Srinagar and Kanpura. While reporting gross differences in the techno-managerial discourse and ground reality, and meditating on the complexities of 'digital divide', author aims to play the devil's advocate and tries to question the developmental status of technology and explore the cultural and political networks in which e-governance technologies are enmeshed, in the villages studied. And in a little way, tries to articulate some concerns for STS in India.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Exploring the Caste, Gender \u0026 Politics of Technology -- An Ethnographic Enquiry into e-Governance in Rural Rajasthan","attachmentId":35745595,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/5583559/Exploring_the_Caste_Gender_and_Politics_of_Technology_An_Ethnographic_Enquiry_into_e_Governance_in_Rural_Rajasthan","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/5583559/Exploring_the_Caste_Gender_and_Politics_of_Technology_An_Ethnographic_Enquiry_into_e_Governance_in_Rural_Rajasthan"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="30153681" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/30153681/ANTHROPOLOGICAL_UNDERSTANDING_OF_RURAL_USERS_NEEDS_TOWARDS_THE_CONSTRUCTION_OF_THE_USE_OF_ICTs_A_CASE_OF_INDIA">ANTHROPOLOGICAL UNDERSTANDING OF RURAL-USERS NEEDS TOWARDS THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE USE OF ICTs: A CASE OF INDIA</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="4826614" href="https://pu.academia.edu/AKhatri">Avni Khatri</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The introduction of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) in mainstream societies affects the way in which the societies interact, communicate, produce, assess, adapt and access vast amount of information. The information revolution has not only affected the technology and telecommunications sectors but also rippled through nearly every aspect of the economy and society at large. The proliferation of ICT in nations is directly seen to be vital for socio-economic development. However, the concept of socio-economic development and its relationship with ICT growth remains an open question in the developing and under-developed nations owing to many socio-economic, rural and cultural factors. Rural areas are geographically dispersed and if ICT programs for such rural areas are to provide equitable coverage, accessibility technological needs and user’s perspective must be considered. Also, in a country like India where three fourth populations resides in rural area, it becomes pertinent and challenging to understand how Information Communication Technologies (ICTs) are embedded in the lives of rural users. This paper explores how rural participants shaped their use of ICTs by examining the most important meanings and uses of ICTs in their lives, such as their role in emergency situations and as a status symbol. As much as possible this paper is based on the priorities and needs of participants as they themselves saw them (emic approaches), rather than what the researcher assumed was important (etic perspective).</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"ANTHROPOLOGICAL UNDERSTANDING OF RURAL-USERS NEEDS TOWARDS THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE USE OF ICTs: A CASE OF INDIA","attachmentId":50611095,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/30153681/ANTHROPOLOGICAL_UNDERSTANDING_OF_RURAL_USERS_NEEDS_TOWARDS_THE_CONSTRUCTION_OF_THE_USE_OF_ICTs_A_CASE_OF_INDIA","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/30153681/ANTHROPOLOGICAL_UNDERSTANDING_OF_RURAL_USERS_NEEDS_TOWARDS_THE_CONSTRUCTION_OF_THE_USE_OF_ICTs_A_CASE_OF_INDIA"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="63603879" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/63603879/ICT_and_Societal_Concerns_at_the_Grassroots_TARAhaat_Experience_in_Rural_Areas_of_Tikamgarh_District_of_Madhya_Pradesh_in_India">ICT and Societal Concerns at the Grassroots: TARAhaat Experience in Rural Areas of Tikamgarh District of Madhya Pradesh in India</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="119909450" href="https://independent.academia.edu/CharruMalhotra">Charru Malhotra</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">In India, District or zila is the most important administrative unit of the government through which it carries out the implementation of its policies and programmes at the grass roots. All the information and issues of the villages related to law and order, public grievance, public distribution system, social welfare, employment generation, land reforms and so on are available at the offices situated at respective districts whose administrative head is a District Collector. A villager has to traverse several miles and spend several hundreds of rupees to have access to the District Collector for getting the mandatory approvals that are necessary for obtaining the requisite license, certificate or any other service. However by the prudent usage of ICT the villagers can have convenient access to all the public services in their own localities through a 'Single Window clearance'. In ideal conditions when an e-Government application metamorphoses as an e-Governance application, it can also empower rural masses in remote villages with greater opportunities to participate in the democratic processes. Nevertheless the success of any rural e-government application is not unconditional. While, these rural e-government applications are designed and implemented with the right earnest, they are not able to render expected social or economic benefits to the rural poor. The success of these applications not just assumes e-readiness of the region in terms of infrastructure facilities but involves several social cultural and political aspects, which are necessary to be identified, delineated and addressed by researchers, project leaders and policy makers alike. This ethnographic research on TARAhaat initiative in Madhya Pradesh, using a Case-Study approach is an attempt in this direction.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"ICT and Societal Concerns at the Grassroots: TARAhaat Experience in Rural Areas of Tikamgarh District of Madhya Pradesh in India","attachmentId":75978489,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/63603879/ICT_and_Societal_Concerns_at_the_Grassroots_TARAhaat_Experience_in_Rural_Areas_of_Tikamgarh_District_of_Madhya_Pradesh_in_India","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/63603879/ICT_and_Societal_Concerns_at_the_Grassroots_TARAhaat_Experience_in_Rural_Areas_of_Tikamgarh_District_of_Madhya_Pradesh_in_India"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="7261441" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/7261441/ICT_in_Rural_India_Dynamics_of_Inequality_and_Digital_Divide">ICT in Rural India: Dynamics of Inequality and Digital Divide</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="12661851" href="https://iimb.academia.edu/DeepthiShanker">Deepthi Shanker</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">of these new technologies now increasingly dominate the explanations of contemporary change and development. Dissemination, propagation and accessibility of these technologies are viewed to be integral to a country's development strategy. Efforts and projects are under way to bring ICTs to rural areas because of the belief in the transformative potential. The role of ICTs in poverty alleviation and rural development seem to be largely touted in the academia as well as in the policy decisions. But, does the simple access to ICTs likely to alter the lives of the individuals in rural areas? It is argued that while the debate about insertion and enhancing potential of the ICTs into rural settings is substantial, its transformative power with respect to the lives of the common people is overestimated. The paper in progress is an attempt to debate and explore the application of ICT in the Indian situation. Implementation and functioning of the some of the egovernance policies and projects at the grass root levels in rural India are dealt. The paper seeks to explore the theories, practice and the praxis of the ICTs and its application. It elaborates upon the way they have become a powerful mode of symbolic representation of empowerment.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"ICT in Rural India: Dynamics of Inequality and Digital Divide","attachmentId":33875021,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/7261441/ICT_in_Rural_India_Dynamics_of_Inequality_and_Digital_Divide","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/7261441/ICT_in_Rural_India_Dynamics_of_Inequality_and_Digital_Divide"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="58153723" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/58153723/ICT_A_Magic_Wand_for_Social_Change_in_Rural_India">ICT: A Magic Wand for Social Change in Rural India</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="4860272" href="https://independent.academia.edu/KinkiniBhadra">Kinkini Bhadra</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Handbook of Research on Cultural and Economic Impacts of the Information Society, 2015</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The concept of automation was first seeded worldwide by Industrial Revolution. Liberalization and privatization has contributed much in the welcome of updated and upgraded technology in India. World Wide Web being the core connector of earth rightly supports Mc Luhan&#39;s concept of the ‘Global Village&#39;. ICT- Information and Communication Technology is an initiative cum phenomenon that is taken on Public-Private Partnership (PPP) in order to build a bridge between the two sections of the society (technology haves and have nots) so that it is accessible to all. e-Governance, e-Health and e-Commerce are some of its applications. India has witnessed a number of successful E- Projects. Nonetheless, the argument of social exclusion, questions on technology support communication and information dissemination is still on. The article intends to throw light on various aspects keeping in line with the ICT projects in India, the type of ICT usage and a comparison between the already esta...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"ICT: A Magic Wand for Social Change in Rural India","attachmentId":72703201,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/58153723/ICT_A_Magic_Wand_for_Social_Change_in_Rural_India","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/58153723/ICT_A_Magic_Wand_for_Social_Change_in_Rural_India"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="1895303" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1895303/Taking_ICT_to_every_Indian_village_opportunities_and_challenges">Taking ICT to every Indian village: opportunities and challenges</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="885508" href="https://lboro.academia.edu/BShadrach">B. Shadrach</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">What can ICT bring for the inhabitants of 600,000 Indian villages? How India is empowering the poor and marginalised citizens to participate in the emerging knowledge society? How will India provide voice to her millions of citizens? ‘Taking ICT to every Indian village: Opportunities and challenges”, attempts at answering such questions and exploring the complex interactions between ICT and society. For the first time, a conscious effort has been made to bridge the gaps existing between research and practice – a matrix of development verticals, founded upon the principles of human development approach, tests and validates the planning, implementation and evaluation of ICT projects. An insightful analysis of rural India portrays the complexities of social, political and economic environment in which institutions and initiatives function and operate. Argumentative, analytical and thoughtful – the collection raises many questions for practitioners, policy makers, planners and researchers on the emerging ICTD paradigm in India. A whole new direction has emerged through this discourse – making government, private sector and civil society leaders think on the social, economic and cultural consequences of taking ICTs to Indian villages.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Taking ICT to every Indian village: opportunities and challenges","attachmentId":26949495,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/1895303/Taking_ICT_to_every_Indian_village_opportunities_and_challenges","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/1895303/Taking_ICT_to_every_Indian_village_opportunities_and_challenges"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="44810174" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/44810174/IJERT_Rural_India_The_Next_Frontier_for_Social_Media_Networks">IJERT-Rural India : The Next Frontier for Social Media Networks</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="109571315" href="https://independent.academia.edu/IJERTORG">IJERT Journal</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology (IJERT), 2013</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">https://www.ijert.org/rural-india-the-next-frontier-for-social-media-networks https://www.ijert.org/research/rural-india-the-next-frontier-for-social-media-networks-IJERTV2IS1352.pdf This paper establishes the relationship between the rural development in India and the social media networks. The area of rural development in India is as multi-faceted as the country itself and by and large media has affected almost every aspect of rural development. The paper extends the definition of social media networks from just being the social networking sites and micro blogging to other media networks like AIR, news channels and NGOs. Differentiation of modern day media and traditional media has been discussed very closely. The methodology of data collection is based upon the interviews of different people attached to the relevant fields. Various success stories were collected and analyzed. The paper aims to discuss various fields where social media has affected rural people's lives and also of the fields where media has been lacking in its role. This paper concludes that to achieve India Vision 2020, social media networks have to gear up more in rural areas of the country because India cannot shine without its villages shining as well.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"IJERT-Rural India : The Next Frontier for Social Media Networks","attachmentId":65310070,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/44810174/IJERT_Rural_India_The_Next_Frontier_for_Social_Media_Networks","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/44810174/IJERT_Rural_India_The_Next_Frontier_for_Social_Media_Networks"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="2214009" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/2214009/Information_poverty_Rural_poverty_Computers_as_the_new_knowledge_brokers_in_rural_India">Information poverty = Rural poverty? Computers as the new knowledge brokers in rural India.</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="278205" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ProfdrPayalArora">Payal Arora</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The conventional ‘village’ is being digitalized. In the last decade, India has proudly embraced its new image as the world’s Silicon Valley and back-office (and arguably front office) for global business. This momentum is being driven by information and communication technologies (ICTs); subsequently government policies ambitiously live up to this new found reputation by promising digital change across all sectors, particularly in the rural domain (Aggarwal, 2002). After all, India continues to be an agrarian country despite its new found Silicon Valley status. Central to this effort entails connecting India’s 600,000 villages with computers and the net, signaling one of the biggest rural investments for socio-economic mobility. The net is heralded as the new intermediary to knowledge for the villager. Underlying this is the belief that rural poverty has chronically persisted due to information poverty. For instance, farmers are perceived as being poor due to their limited access to critical knowledge on food prices, fertilizers and market demands for agricultural goods; rural healthcare practitioners are looked upon as lagging behind in the latest knowledge on diagnostics and treatment; and rural students are seen as digital non-natives in this virtual and information economy. This paper critically assesses this premise on the information gap being the key barrier to transformative and positive change in villages in India. Drawing on eight months of ethnographic fieldwork in rural Almora in the Central Himalayas, this paper investigates the role of information through new media technologies in the rural 1) agricultural 2) healthcare and 3) education sector. What is revealed is that there is an urgent need to critique the causal relationship between information and rural poverty and reframe the role of digital technologies in village life. It is seen that the issue of poverty is less about the dearth of information but rather the lack of trust in the intermediaries in existence. Further, it becomes apparent that information that has utility is far less pursued online compared to knowledge that is more social and leisure oriented. Also, we need to problematize what constitutes as local, indigenous and rural knowledge as its boundaries are more porous and cosmopolitan in nature. Lastly, digital mediums and its information does not necessarily replace older resources but adds to the rural techno-social ecology and sometimes even strengthens current agents, agencies and institutions.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Information poverty = Rural poverty? Computers as the new knowledge brokers in rural India.","attachmentId":30268107,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/2214009/Information_poverty_Rural_poverty_Computers_as_the_new_knowledge_brokers_in_rural_India","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/2214009/Information_poverty_Rural_poverty_Computers_as_the_new_knowledge_brokers_in_rural_India"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="115414960" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/115414960/ICTs_in_Rural_India">ICTs in Rural India</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="6288966" href="https://kunainital.academia.edu/MeeraTiwari">Meera Tiwari</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Science, Technology and Society, 2008</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This article presents findings of two user perspective studies on the impact of ICTs in rural India. It is based on fieldwork conducted by the authors in Dhar district of Madhya Pradesh and Madhubani district of Bihar. The first study examines the impact of a state-led ICT initiative. The second looks at the impact of an ICT initiative by a non-government organisation. The article identifies issues critical to enhancing the accessibility of ICT services to the poorest rural households. A comparison is made between the two models in reaching the ICT services to the rural poor.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"ICTs in Rural India","attachmentId":112113590,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/115414960/ICTs_in_Rural_India","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/115414960/ICTs_in_Rural_India"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="62919001" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/62919001/Evolution_and_Upliftment_of_Rural_India_Using_Social_Media">Evolution and Upliftment of Rural India Using Social Media</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="114976585" href="https://independent.academia.edu/NeelamSaxena3">Neelam Saxena</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2018 International Conference on Computational Techniques, Electronics and Mechanical Systems (CTEMS)</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This paper’s primary target is to outline how social media based life can assume a noteworthy part in building up the rustic India. Online life alludes to the electronic apparatuses and media that enable clients to casually communicate, make, share, recover, and trade data and thoughts in virtual networks and systems. This implies individuals in provincial regions, or with little access to administrations would now be able to get openings for work, instruction, portable wellbeing and money related administrations in ways that were incomprehensible before versatile innovation and the spread of web based life. Social media based life gives constant understanding into the lives of individuals around the world. It would likewise center around comprehensively characterizing online networking, and take a gander at how media, be it any shape, has a social duty towards the gathering of people it&#39;s coming to be it trim costs or distinctive methods for enhancing horticulture web based life is engaging those at the base of the financial step . It closes with various approaches to accomplish created rustic India. Social media systems need to equip more in provincial zones of the nation since India can&#39;t sparkle without its towns sparkling also.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Evolution and Upliftment of Rural India Using Social Media","attachmentId":75606113,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/62919001/Evolution_and_Upliftment_of_Rural_India_Using_Social_Media","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/62919001/Evolution_and_Upliftment_of_Rural_India_Using_Social_Media"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":55153875,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":55153875,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_55153875" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. You can download the paper by clicking the button above.</p></div></div></div><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_64713458" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. You can download the paper by clicking the button above.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sidebar--container js-work-sidebar"><div class="ds-related-content--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="34266328" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/34266328/Communication_Technology_and_Community_Envisaging_an_ICT_Development_Model_in_North_East_India">Communication, Technology and Community: Envisaging an ICT Development Model in North-East India</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="4377387" href="https://assamuniversity.academia.edu/NEELATPHALCHANDA">NEELATPHAL CHANDA</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Communication, Technology and Community: Envisaging an ICT Development Model in North-East India","attachmentId":54175054,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/34266328/Communication_Technology_and_Community_Envisaging_an_ICT_Development_Model_in_North_East_India","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/34266328/Communication_Technology_and_Community_Envisaging_an_ICT_Development_Model_in_North_East_India"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="105748102" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/105748102/ROLE_OF_THE_DIGITAL_INDIA_PROGRAMME_IN_THE_RURAL_CONTEXT_A_STUDY_AT_MAUTALA_VILLAGE_IN_WEST">ROLE OF THE 'DIGITAL INDIA' PROGRAMME IN THE RURAL CONTEXT: A STUDY AT MAUTALA VILLAGE IN WEST</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="5147975" href="https://anthsi.academia.edu/MitrajitSaha">Mitrajit Saha</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CURRENT RESEARCH , 2023</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"ROLE OF THE 'DIGITAL INDIA' PROGRAMME IN THE RURAL CONTEXT: A STUDY AT MAUTALA VILLAGE IN WEST","attachmentId":105129446,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/105748102/ROLE_OF_THE_DIGITAL_INDIA_PROGRAMME_IN_THE_RURAL_CONTEXT_A_STUDY_AT_MAUTALA_VILLAGE_IN_WEST","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/105748102/ROLE_OF_THE_DIGITAL_INDIA_PROGRAMME_IN_THE_RURAL_CONTEXT_A_STUDY_AT_MAUTALA_VILLAGE_IN_WEST"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="616297" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/616297/Citizen_Centric_ICT_Initiatives_for_Rural_Development_in_Indian_Context_A_Framework">Citizen Centric ICT Initiatives for Rural Development in Indian Context: A Framework</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="453884" href="https://irma.academia.edu/DebiprasadMishra">Debiprasad Mishra</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">AMCIS 2006 Proceedings, 2006</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Citizen Centric ICT Initiatives for Rural Development in Indian Context: A Framework","attachmentId":51330618,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/616297/Citizen_Centric_ICT_Initiatives_for_Rural_Development_in_Indian_Context_A_Framework","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/616297/Citizen_Centric_ICT_Initiatives_for_Rural_Development_in_Indian_Context_A_Framework"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="64957431" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/64957431/Ict_in_Rural_India_Elucidating_Barriers_and_Creating_Opportunities">Ict in Rural India: Elucidating Barriers and Creating Opportunities</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="4979914" href="https://independent.academia.edu/mukeshranga">mukesh ranga</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2014</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Ict in Rural India: Elucidating Barriers and Creating Opportunities","attachmentId":76752136,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/64957431/Ict_in_Rural_India_Elucidating_Barriers_and_Creating_Opportunities","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/64957431/Ict_in_Rural_India_Elucidating_Barriers_and_Creating_Opportunities"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="64957426" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/64957426/Generating_Solutions_for_Rural_Development_Through_Ict_in_India">Generating Solutions for Rural Development Through Ict in India</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="4979914" href="https://independent.academia.edu/mukeshranga">mukesh ranga</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2014</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Generating Solutions for Rural Development Through Ict in India","attachmentId":76752135,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/64957426/Generating_Solutions_for_Rural_Development_Through_Ict_in_India","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/64957426/Generating_Solutions_for_Rural_Development_Through_Ict_in_India"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="7635732" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/7635732/ICT_Mediated_Development_for_Whom_A_Reflexive_Ethnography_from_the_Middle">ICT Mediated Development for Whom: A Reflexive Ethnography from the Middle</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="6159362" href="https://iias.academia.edu/AartiKawlra">Aarti Kawlra</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">ANNUAIRE ROUMAIN D’ANTHROPOLOGIE 50, 2013</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"ICT Mediated Development for Whom: A Reflexive Ethnography from the Middle","attachmentId":43413499,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/7635732/ICT_Mediated_Development_for_Whom_A_Reflexive_Ethnography_from_the_Middle","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/7635732/ICT_Mediated_Development_for_Whom_A_Reflexive_Ethnography_from_the_Middle"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="49471351" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/49471351/Information_and_Communication_Technologies_An_Agent_of_Social_Change_for_Rural_Women_in_Odisha">Information and Communication Technologies: An Agent of Social Change for Rural Women in Odisha</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="14296040" href="https://utkaluniversityutkaluniversity.academia.edu/SubrataSSatapathy">Dr. Subrata S Satapathy</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Sociology and Anthropology, 2014</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Information and Communication Technologies: An Agent of Social Change for Rural Women in Odisha","attachmentId":67815242,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/49471351/Information_and_Communication_Technologies_An_Agent_of_Social_Change_for_Rural_Women_in_Odisha","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/49471351/Information_and_Communication_Technologies_An_Agent_of_Social_Change_for_Rural_Women_in_Odisha"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="98785436" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/98785436/A_Deeply_Embedded_Sociotechnical_Strategy_for_Designing_ICT_for_Development">A Deeply Embedded Sociotechnical Strategy for Designing ICT for Development</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="250982296" href="https://independent.academia.edu/HaiderRizvi37">Haider Rizvi</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">International Journal of Sociotechnology and Knowledge Development, 2009</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"A Deeply Embedded Sociotechnical Strategy for Designing ICT for Development","attachmentId":100042640,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/98785436/A_Deeply_Embedded_Sociotechnical_Strategy_for_Designing_ICT_for_Development","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/98785436/A_Deeply_Embedded_Sociotechnical_Strategy_for_Designing_ICT_for_Development"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="44587886" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/44587886/Book_Review_Tenhunen_Sirpa_2018_A_Village_Goes_Mobile_Telephony_Mediation_and_Social_Change_in_Rural_India_Journal_of_South_Asian_Development_vol_15_1_pages_117_120_April_">Book Review: Tenhunen Sirpa. 2018. A Village Goes Mobile: Telephony, Mediation and Social Change in Rural India " (Journal of South Asian Development, , vol. 15(1), pages 117-120, April.)</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="221458" href="https://mf.academia.edu/MoumitaSen">Moumita Sen</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of South Asian Development, 2020</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Book Review: Tenhunen Sirpa. 2018. A Village Goes Mobile: Telephony, Mediation and Social Change in Rural India \" (Journal of South Asian Development, , vol. 15(1), pages 117-120, April.)","attachmentId":65045838,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/44587886/Book_Review_Tenhunen_Sirpa_2018_A_Village_Goes_Mobile_Telephony_Mediation_and_Social_Change_in_Rural_India_Journal_of_South_Asian_Development_vol_15_1_pages_117_120_April_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/44587886/Book_Review_Tenhunen_Sirpa_2018_A_Village_Goes_Mobile_Telephony_Mediation_and_Social_Change_in_Rural_India_Journal_of_South_Asian_Development_vol_15_1_pages_117_120_April_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="44454038" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/44454038/Sociotechnical_Transformative_Effects_of_an_ICT_Project_in_Rural_Bangladesh">Sociotechnical Transformative Effects of an ICT Project in Rural Bangladesh</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="650738" href="https://monash.academia.edu/LStillman">Larry Stillman</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">American Behavioral Scientist, 2020</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Sociotechnical Transformative Effects of an ICT Project in Rural Bangladesh","attachmentId":64877042,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/44454038/Sociotechnical_Transformative_Effects_of_an_ICT_Project_in_Rural_Bangladesh","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/44454038/Sociotechnical_Transformative_Effects_of_an_ICT_Project_in_Rural_Bangladesh"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="10" data-entity-id="92082669" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/92082669/YouTube_Village_Life_and_Digital_Cultures_in_South_India">YouTube, Village Life and Digital Cultures in South India</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="4639442" href="https://uohyd.academia.edu/SrikanthNayaka">Srikanth Nayaka</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"YouTube, Village Life and Digital Cultures in South India","attachmentId":95187975,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/92082669/YouTube_Village_Life_and_Digital_Cultures_in_South_India","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/92082669/YouTube_Village_Life_and_Digital_Cultures_in_South_India"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="11" data-entity-id="39121619" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/39121619/Media_experiences_in_community_driven_rural_areas_Exploring_childrens_media_cultures_in_rural_Gujarat_India">Media experiences in community driven rural areas: Exploring children's media cultures in rural Gujarat, India</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="2696732" href="https://wisc.academia.edu/ManishaPathakShelat">Manisha Pathak-Shelat</a><span>, </span><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="8434614" href="https://independent.academia.edu/KiranVinodBhatia">Kiran Vinod Bhatia</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Children and Media, 2019</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Media experiences in community driven rural areas: Exploring children's media cultures in rural Gujarat, India","attachmentId":59242396,"attachmentType":"docx","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/39121619/Media_experiences_in_community_driven_rural_areas_Exploring_childrens_media_cultures_in_rural_Gujarat_India","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/39121619/Media_experiences_in_community_driven_rural_areas_Exploring_childrens_media_cultures_in_rural_Gujarat_India"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="12" data-entity-id="81995303" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/81995303/Rural_Development_Information_Sources_of_Digital_Illiterates_A_Study_of_Kangpokpi_Manipur_India">Rural Development Information Sources of Digital Illiterates: A Study of Kangpokpi, Manipur, India</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="1809424" href="https://nehu.academia.edu/RoelHangsing">Paokholun Hangsing</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2020</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Rural Development Information Sources of Digital Illiterates: A Study of Kangpokpi, Manipur, India","attachmentId":87844296,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/81995303/Rural_Development_Information_Sources_of_Digital_Illiterates_A_Study_of_Kangpokpi_Manipur_India","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/81995303/Rural_Development_Information_Sources_of_Digital_Illiterates_A_Study_of_Kangpokpi_Manipur_India"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="13" data-entity-id="20109638" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/20109638/Digital_divide_at_the_margins_Co_designing_information_solution_to_address_needs_of_indigenous_populations_of_rural_India">Digital divide at the margins: Co-designing information solution to address needs of indigenous populations of rural India</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="723469" href="https://asu.academia.edu/UttaranDutta">Uttaran Dutta</a><span>, </span><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="9801358" href="https://cargocollective.academia.edu/SwayangDas">Swayang Das</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2015</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Digital divide at the margins: Co-designing information solution to address needs of indigenous populations of rural India","attachmentId":56143134,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/20109638/Digital_divide_at_the_margins_Co_designing_information_solution_to_address_needs_of_indigenous_populations_of_rural_India","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/20109638/Digital_divide_at_the_margins_Co_designing_information_solution_to_address_needs_of_indigenous_populations_of_rural_India"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="14" data-entity-id="43142909" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/43142909/Digital_India_and_the_Poor_Routledge_ISBN_9780367438944_">Digital India and the Poor (Routledge, ISBN 9780367438944) )</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="306587" href="https://open.academia.edu/sumangupta">Suman Gupta</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Routledge, 2020</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Digital India and the Poor (Routledge, ISBN 9780367438944) )","attachmentId":63402699,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/43142909/Digital_India_and_the_Poor_Routledge_ISBN_9780367438944_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/43142909/Digital_India_and_the_Poor_Routledge_ISBN_9780367438944_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="15" data-entity-id="2243648" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/2243648/THE_LAST_CULTURAL_MILE_an_inquiry_into_technology_and_governance_in_india">THE LAST CULTURAL MILE: an inquiry into technology and governance in india</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="897197" href="https://cscsarchive.academia.edu/AshishRajadhyaksha">Ashish Rajadhyaksha</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2011</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"THE LAST CULTURAL MILE: an inquiry into technology and governance in india","attachmentId":30295302,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/2243648/THE_LAST_CULTURAL_MILE_an_inquiry_into_technology_and_governance_in_india","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/2243648/THE_LAST_CULTURAL_MILE_an_inquiry_into_technology_and_governance_in_india"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="16" data-entity-id="372562" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/372562/_Beautiful_Balloon_The_Digital_Divide_and_the_Charisma_of_New_Media_in_India">"Beautiful Balloon": The Digital Divide and the Charisma of New Media in India</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="150489" href="https://chicago.academia.edu/WilliamMazzarella">William Mazzarella</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"\"Beautiful Balloon\": The Digital Divide and the Charisma of New Media in India","attachmentId":1849835,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/372562/_Beautiful_Balloon_The_Digital_Divide_and_the_Charisma_of_New_Media_in_India","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/372562/_Beautiful_Balloon_The_Digital_Divide_and_the_Charisma_of_New_Media_in_India"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="17" data-entity-id="50834307" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/50834307/Institutional_Environment_for_ICT_Utilization_in_Rural_India">Institutional Environment for ICT Utilization in Rural India</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="137258928" href="https://sgh-pl.academia.edu/GrzegorzSobiecki">Grzegorz Sobiecki</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Institutional Environment for ICT Utilization in Rural India","attachmentId":68701460,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/50834307/Institutional_Environment_for_ICT_Utilization_in_Rural_India","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/50834307/Institutional_Environment_for_ICT_Utilization_in_Rural_India"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="18" data-entity-id="9184014" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/9184014/INFORMATION_AND_COMMUNICATION_TECHNOLOGY_AND_RURAL_EDUCATION_AN_ANTHROPOLOGICAL_PERSPECTIVE">INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY AND RURAL EDUCATION: AN ANTHROPOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="15299778" href="https://du-in.academia.edu/BuragohainMandira">Buragohain Mandira</a><span>, </span><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="20953819" href="https://dibrugarhuniversity.academia.edu/MONIMUGDHABHUYAN">MONIMUGDHA BHUYAN</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY AND RURAL EDUCATION: AN ANTHROPOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE","attachmentId":35467056,"attachmentType":"docx","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/9184014/INFORMATION_AND_COMMUNICATION_TECHNOLOGY_AND_RURAL_EDUCATION_AN_ANTHROPOLOGICAL_PERSPECTIVE","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/9184014/INFORMATION_AND_COMMUNICATION_TECHNOLOGY_AND_RURAL_EDUCATION_AN_ANTHROPOLOGICAL_PERSPECTIVE"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="19" data-entity-id="35955544" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/35955544/New_Communication_Technologies_and_the_Rise_of_the_Indian_Citizen_publics_A_Critical">New Communication Technologies and the Rise of the Indian Citizen-publics: A Critical</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="3432150" href="https://independent.academia.edu/editorijmraus">Publisher ijmra.us UGC Approved</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"New Communication Technologies and the Rise of the Indian Citizen-publics: A Critical","attachmentId":55838469,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/35955544/New_Communication_Technologies_and_the_Rise_of_the_Indian_Citizen_publics_A_Critical","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/35955544/New_Communication_Technologies_and_the_Rise_of_the_Indian_Citizen_publics_A_Critical"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="20" data-entity-id="44055948" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/44055948/IRJET_An_Impact_of_Digitalization_on_Life_in_Rural_Areas">IRJET- An Impact of Digitalization on Life in Rural Areas</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="31493941" href="https://irjet.academia.edu/IRJET">IRJET Journal</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">IRJET, 2020</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"IRJET- An Impact of Digitalization on Life in Rural Areas","attachmentId":64397977,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/44055948/IRJET_An_Impact_of_Digitalization_on_Life_in_Rural_Areas","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/44055948/IRJET_An_Impact_of_Digitalization_on_Life_in_Rural_Areas"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="21" data-entity-id="94998587" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/94998587/Making_ICT_more_Meaningful_for_Governance_in_the_Rural_Areas">Making ICT more Meaningful for Governance in the Rural Areas</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="145691043" href="https://independent.academia.edu/Lalitdas9">Lalit das</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Inhibitors and Facilitators of Digital Democracy</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Making ICT more Meaningful for Governance in the Rural Areas","attachmentId":97302295,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/94998587/Making_ICT_more_Meaningful_for_Governance_in_the_Rural_Areas","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/94998587/Making_ICT_more_Meaningful_for_Governance_in_the_Rural_Areas"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="22" data-entity-id="47431888" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/47431888/Mobile_media_gender_and_power_in_rural_India">Mobile media, gender, and power in rural India</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="1118339" href="https://jyu.academia.edu/SirpaTenhunen">Sirpa Tenhunen</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Human Technology</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Mobile media, gender, and power in rural India","attachmentId":66527393,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/47431888/Mobile_media_gender_and_power_in_rural_India","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/47431888/Mobile_media_gender_and_power_in_rural_India"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="23" data-entity-id="89618718" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/89618718/ICT_Enabled_Community_Development_in_India">ICT Enabled Community Development in India</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="236450984" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PayalChoudhary34">Payal Choudhary</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Mass Communication and Journalism, 2012</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"ICT Enabled Community Development in India","attachmentId":93387250,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/89618718/ICT_Enabled_Community_Development_in_India","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/89618718/ICT_Enabled_Community_Development_in_India"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="24" data-entity-id="4604112" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/4604112/Warana_The_case_of_an_indian_rural_community_adopting_ict">Warana: The case of an indian rural community adopting ict</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="5790801" href="https://cepal.academia.edu/SimoneCecchini">Simone Cecchini</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2002</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Warana: The case of an indian rural community adopting ict","attachmentId":49761541,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/4604112/Warana_The_case_of_an_indian_rural_community_adopting_ict","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/4604112/Warana_The_case_of_an_indian_rural_community_adopting_ict"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div><div class="ds-related-content--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related topics</h2><div class="ds-research-interests--pills-container"><a class="js-related-research-interest ds-research-interests--pill" data-entity-id="928" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Media_Studies">Media Studies</a><a class="js-related-research-interest ds-research-interests--pill" data-entity-id="2170" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnography">Ethnography</a><a class="js-related-research-interest ds-research-interests--pill" data-entity-id="8332" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT4D">ICT4D</a><a class="js-related-research-interest ds-research-interests--pill" data-entity-id="13514" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/STS_Anthropology_">STS (Anthropology)</a><a class="js-related-research-interest ds-research-interests--pill" data-entity-id="1512247" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Digital_India">Digital India</a></div></div></div></div></div><div class="footer--content"><ul class="footer--main-links hide-on-mobile"><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/about">About</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/press">Press</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/documents">Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/topics">Topics</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/hiring"><svg style="width: 13px; height: 13px; position: relative; bottom: -1px;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="briefcase" class="svg-inline--fa fa-briefcase fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M320 336c0 8.84-7.16 16-16 16h-96c-8.84 0-16-7.16-16-16v-48H0v144c0 25.6 22.4 48 48 48h416c25.6 0 48-22.4 48-48V288H320v48zm144-208h-80V80c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48H176c-25.6 0-48 22.4-48 48v48H48c-25.6 0-48 22.4-48 48v80h512v-80c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48zm-144 0H192V96h128v32z"></path></svg> <strong>We're Hiring!</strong></a></li><li><a href="https://support.academia.edu/"><svg style="width: 12px; height: 12px; position: relative; bottom: -1px;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="question-circle" class="svg-inline--fa fa-question-circle fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M504 256c0 136.997-111.043 248-248 248S8 392.997 8 256C8 119.083 119.043 8 256 8s248 111.083 248 248zM262.655 90c-54.497 0-89.255 22.957-116.549 63.758-3.536 5.286-2.353 12.415 2.715 16.258l34.699 26.31c5.205 3.947 12.621 3.008 16.665-2.122 17.864-22.658 30.113-35.797 57.303-35.797 20.429 0 45.698 13.148 45.698 32.958 0 14.976-12.363 22.667-32.534 33.976C247.128 238.528 216 254.941 216 296v4c0 6.627 5.373 12 12 12h56c6.627 0 12-5.373 12-12v-1.333c0-28.462 83.186-29.647 83.186-106.667 0-58.002-60.165-102-116.531-102zM256 338c-25.365 0-46 20.635-46 46 0 25.364 20.635 46 46 46s46-20.636 46-46c0-25.365-20.635-46-46-46z"></path></svg> <strong>Help Center</strong></a></li></ul><ul class="footer--research-interests"><li>Find new research papers in:</li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physics">Physics</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry">Chemistry</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology">Biology</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Sciences">Health Sciences</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology">Ecology</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earth_Sciences">Earth Sciences</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science">Cognitive Science</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mathematics">Mathematics</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Science">Computer Science</a></li></ul><ul class="footer--legal-links hide-on-mobile"><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/terms">Terms</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/privacy">Privacy</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/copyright">Copyright</a></li><li>Academia ©2024</li></ul></div> </body> </html>