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aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sultanate_of_Malacca" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sultanate_of_Malacca"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Sultanate of Malacca</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sultanate_of_Malacca-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Colonial_era" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Colonial_era"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Colonial era</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Colonial_era-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post_colonial_era" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post_colonial_era"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Post colonial era</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post_colonial_era-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Governance_and_politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Governance_and_politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Governance and politics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Governance_and_politics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Governance and politics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Governance_and_politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Executive_and_Legislature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Executive_and_Legislature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Executive and Legislature</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Executive_and_Legislature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Local_governments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Local_governments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Local governments</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Local_governments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Foreign_relations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foreign_relations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Foreign relations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foreign_relations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Urban_and_suburban_areas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Urban_and_suburban_areas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Urban and suburban areas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Urban_and_suburban_areas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Utilities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Utilities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Utilities</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Utilities-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Utilities subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Utilities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Electric_supply" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Electric_supply"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Electric supply</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Electric_supply-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Green_energy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Green_energy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Green energy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Green_energy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Water_supply" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Water_supply"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Water supply</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Water_supply-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Transportation</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Transportation subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Air" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Air"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Air</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Air-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Railway" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Railway"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Railway</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Railway-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Water" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Water"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Water</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Water-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Road" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Road"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4</span> <span>Road</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Road-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Demographics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ethnicities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ethnicities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Ethnicities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ethnicities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Languages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Languages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Languages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Religions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Healthcare" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Healthcare"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Healthcare</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Healthcare-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Arts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1</span> <span>Arts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.2</span> <span>Media</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cuisine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cuisine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.3</span> <span>Cuisine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cuisine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.4</span> <span>Sports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Notable people</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14.2</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Malacca</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 72 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-72" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">72 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meulaka" title="Meulaka – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Meulaka" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malakka" title="Malakka – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Malakka" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A7" title="ملقا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ملقا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaca" title="Malaca – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Malaca" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malakka_(%C5%9Ftat)" title="Malakka (ştat) – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Malakka (ştat)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaka,_Malaysia" title="Malaka, Malaysia – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Malaka, Malaysia" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A1-la%CC%8Dk-kah" title="Má-la̍k-kah – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Má-la̍k-kah" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B0_(%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82)" title="Малакка (штат) – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Малакка (штат)" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0_(%D1%89%D0%B0%D1%82)" title="Малака (щат) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Малака (щат)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaka" title="Malaka – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Malaka" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaca" title="Malaca – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Malaca" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melaka_(estado_sa_Malaysiya)" title="Melaka (estado sa Malaysiya) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Melaka (estado sa Malaysiya)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malakka_(st%C3%A1t)" title="Malakka (stát) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Malakka (stát)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melaka" title="Melaka – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Melaka" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malakka_(Bundesstaat)" title="Malakka (Bundesstaat) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Malakka (Bundesstaat)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melaka_osariik" title="Melaka osariik – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Melaka osariik" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%AC%CE%BA%CE%BA%CE%B1" title="Μαλάκκα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μαλάκκα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaca" title="Malaca – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Malaca" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malako" title="Malako – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Malako" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaka" title="Malaka – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Malaka" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA_%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%A7" title="ایالت ملاکا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ایالت ملاکا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malacca_(%C3%89tat)" title="Malacca (État) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Malacca (État)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaca" title="Malaca – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Malaca" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A2-liuk-kap_Ch%C3%BB" title="Mâ-liuk-kap Chû – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Mâ-liuk-kap Chû" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AF%88%EB%9D%BC%EC%B9%B4%EC%A3%BC" title="믈라카주 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="믈라카주" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%AF%D5%A1_(%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A3)" title="Մալակկա (նահանգ) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մալակկա (նահանգ)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE" title="मेलाका – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मेलाका" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melaka" title="Melaka – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Melaka" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melaka" title="Melaka – Inupiaq" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Melaka" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="Inupiaq" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Iñupiatun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malacca" title="Malacca – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Malacca" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%A7%D7%94_(%D7%9E%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%94)" title="מלאקה (מדינה) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מלאקה (מדינה)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melaka" title="Melaka – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Melaka" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%99%E1%83%90_(%E1%83%A8%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98)" title="მალაკა (შტატი) – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მალაკა (შტატი)" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melaka" title="Melaka – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Melaka" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malakka" title="Malakka – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Malakka" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melaka_(%C3%A1llam)" title="Melaka (állam) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Melaka (állam)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Малака – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Малака" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malacca" title="Malacca – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Malacca" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE" title="മലാക്കാ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മലാക്കാ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE" title="मलाक्का – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="मलाक्का" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%A7" title="مالاکا – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="مالاکا" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melaka" title="Melaka – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Melaka" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C4%81-l%C4%83k-g%C4%83" title="Mā-lăk-gă – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Mā-lăk-gă" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malakka_(staat)" title="Malakka (staat) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Malakka (staat)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A0%E3%83%A9%E3%82%AB%E5%B7%9E" title="ムラカ州 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ムラカ州" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melaka_(Bundesstoot)" title="Melaka (Bundesstoot) – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Melaka (Bundesstoot)" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malakka" title="Malakka – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Malakka" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%A7" title="ملاکا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ملاکا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaca" title="Malaca – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Malaca" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malakka_(stan)" title="Malakka (stan) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Malakka (stan)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaca" title="Malaca – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Malaca" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malacca_(stat)" title="Malacca (stat) – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Malacca (stat)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melaka_suyu" title="Melaka suyu – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Melaka suyu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B0_(%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82)" title="Малакка (штат) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Малакка (штат)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malacca" title="Malacca – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Malacca" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malacca" title="Malacca – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Malacca" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0_(%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0)" title="Малака (држава) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Малака (држава)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malakka_(osavaltio)" title="Malakka (osavaltio) – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Malakka (osavaltio)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malacka" title="Malacka – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Malacka" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE" title="மலாக்கா – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மலாக்கா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2" title="รัฐมะละกา – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="รัฐมะละกา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malakka" title="Malakka – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Malakka" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B0_(%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82)" title="Малакка (штат) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Малакка (штат)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%A7" title="ملاکا – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ملاکا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melaka_(bang)" title="Melaka (bang) – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Melaka (bang)" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melaka" title="Melaka – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Melaka" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%AD%E7%94%B2" title="马六甲 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="马六甲" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E5%85%AD%E7%94%B2%E5%B7%9E" title="馬六甲州 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="馬六甲州" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malakka" title="Malakka – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Malakka" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%AD%E7%94%B2" title="马六甲 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="马六甲" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melaka" title="Melaka – Iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Melaka" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="Iban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaka" title="Malaka – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Malaka" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q185221#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Malacca" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon 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<div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Malacca&params=2_12_N_102_15_E_region:MY-04_adm1st_type:city"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">2°12′N</span> <span class="longitude">102°15′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">2.200°N 102.250°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">2.200; 102.250</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Melaka&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Melaka">Melaka</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">State of Malaysia</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the Malaysian state. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Malacca_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Malacca (disambiguation)">Malacca (disambiguation)</a>. For similar terms, see <a href="/wiki/Malaka_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Malaka (disambiguation)">Malaka</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">State in Malaysia</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192207">.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div{border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em;width:23em}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div td,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedbottomrow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .infobox-above{font-size:1.25em;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.25em}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-official-below{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-other{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-caption{padding-top:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-nick,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-motto{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-largest,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-lang{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-ethnic,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-religion,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-elevation{display:inline;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}</style><table class="infobox ib-pol-div vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Malacca</div><div class="ib-pol-div-native nickname"><span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><i lang="ms">Melaka</i></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/States_and_federal_territories_of_Malaysia" title="States and federal territories of Malaysia">State</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Other transcription(s)</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Jawi_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Jawi alphabet">Jawi</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><span lang="ms-Arab" dir="rtl"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1227789315">.mw-parser-output .script-arabic{font-family:"Scheherazade New","SF Arabic",Amiri,"Noto Naskh Arabic","Droid Arabic Naskh","Noto Sans Arabic","Sakkal Majalla","Harmattan","Arabic Typesetting","Arabic Transparent","Times New Roman",Arial,Calibri,"Microsoft Sans Serif","Segoe UI",serif,sans-serif;font-weight:normal}</style><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ملاک</span>‎</span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">马六甲</span></span> <span style="font-size:70%;">(<a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Simplified</a>)</span><br /><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">馬六甲</span></span> <span style="font-size:70%;">(<a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Traditional</a>)</span><br /> <span title="Chinese-language text"><i lang="zh-Latn">Mǎliùjiǎ</i></span> <span style="font-size:70%;">(<a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a>)</span></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Tamil-language text"><span lang="ta">மலாக்கா</span></span><br /><span title="Tamil-language text"><i lang="ta-Latn">Malākkā</i></span> <span style="font-size:70%;">(<a href="/wiki/ISO_15919" title="ISO 15919">Transliteration</a>)</span></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Kristang_language" title="Kristang language">Kristang</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Malaká</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Malacca.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Malacca"><img alt="Flag of Malacca" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_Malacca.svg/100px-Flag_of_Malacca.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_Malacca.svg/150px-Flag_of_Malacca.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_Malacca.svg/200px-Flag_of_Malacca.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Malacca" title="Flag of Malacca">Flag</a></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Malacca_New.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Malacca"><img alt="Coat of arms of Malacca" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Coat_of_arms_of_Malacca_New.svg/100px-Coat_of_arms_of_Malacca_New.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Coat_of_arms_of_Malacca_New.svg/150px-Coat_of_arms_of_Malacca_New.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Coat_of_arms_of_Malacca_New.svg/200px-Coat_of_arms_of_Malacca_New.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="439" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Malacca" title="Coat of arms of Malacca">Coat of arms</a></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><b>Nickname(s)</b>: <div class="ib-pol-div-nick nickname"><span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><i lang="ms">Negeri Bersejarah</i></span><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">The Historic State</span></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><b>Motto</b>: <div class="ib-pol-div-motto nickname"><span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><i lang="ms">Bersatu Teguh</i></span><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">Firmly United</span></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><b>Anthem</b>: "<a href="/wiki/Melaka_Maju_Jaya" title="Melaka Maju Jaya">Melaka Maju Jaya</a>"<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span style="font-size:85%;">"Malacca, Onwards Come!"</span></div><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="35" data-mwtitle="Lagu_Rasmi_Melaka_-_Melaka_Maju_Jaya.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/62/Lagu_Rasmi_Melaka_-_Melaka_Maju_Jaya.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/62/Lagu_Rasmi_Melaka_-_Melaka_Maju_Jaya.ogg/Lagu_Rasmi_Melaka_-_Melaka_Maju_Jaya.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Malacca_in_Malaysia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Map showing the location of the state of Malacca within Malaysia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Malacca_in_Malaysia.svg/250px-Malacca_in_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Malacca_in_Malaysia.svg/375px-Malacca_in_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Malacca_in_Malaysia.svg/500px-Malacca_in_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="457" /></a></span><div class="ib-pol-div-caption"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="border: 1px solid silver;background-color:#C41E3A; color:white;"> </span> </span> <b>Malacca</b> in <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="border: 1px solid silver;background-color:#FDF9D2; color:black;"> </span> </span> <b><a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Country" title="Country">Country</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Malaysia_23px.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malaysia_23px.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Malaysia_23px.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malaysia_23px.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Malaysia_23px.svg/46px-Flag_of_Malaysia_23px.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="986" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Malacca_Sultanate" title="Malacca Sultanate">Malacca Sultanate</a></th><td class="infobox-data">15th century</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Malacca_(1511)" title="Capture of Malacca (1511)">Portuguese control</a><sup id="cite_ref-Headrick2010_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Headrick2010-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td class="infobox-data">24 August 1511</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Malacca" title="Dutch Malacca">Dutch control</a><sup id="cite_ref-arkib.gov.my_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-arkib.gov.my-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-auto_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td class="infobox-data">14 January 1641</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Dutch_Treaty_of_1824" title="Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824">British control</a><sup id="cite_ref-arkib.gov.my_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-arkib.gov.my-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-auto_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td class="infobox-data">17 March 1824</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Malaya" title="Japanese occupation of Malaya">Japanese occupation</a><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td class="infobox-data">11 January 1942</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Malayan_Union" title="Malayan Union">Malayan Union</a><sup id="cite_ref-arkib.gov.my1_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-arkib.gov.my1-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td class="infobox-data">1 April 1946</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Malaya" title="Federation of Malaya">Federation of Malaya</a> independence<sup id="cite_ref-nlb.gov.sg_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nlb.gov.sg-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-arkib.gov.my2_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-arkib.gov.my2-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td class="infobox-data">31 August 1957</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Proclamation_of_Malaysia" title="Proclamation of Malaysia">Proclamation of Malaysia</a></th><td class="infobox-data">16 September 1963</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital<div class="ib-pol-div-largest">and largest city</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Malacca_City" title="Malacca City">Malacca City</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_cap"><a href="#endnote_cap">[a]</a></sup><br /><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Malacca&params=2_12_N_102_15_E_region:MY-04_adm1st_type:city"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">2°12′N</span> <span class="longitude">102°15′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">2.200°N 102.250°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">2.200; 102.250</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_group" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic group">Ethnic groups</a> <div class="ib-pol-div-ethnic"> (2020)<sup id="cite_ref-2020KF_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2020KF-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1116488514">.mw-parser-output .treeview ul{padding:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .treeview li{padding:0;margin:0;list-style-type:none;list-style-image:none}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li{background:url("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Treeview-grey-line.png")no-repeat 0 -2981px;padding-left:21px;text-indent:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li:last-child{background-position:0 -5971px}.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>.mw-empty-elt:first-child+.emptyline,.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>li:first-child{background-position:0 9px}</style><div class="treeview"> <ul><li>66.6% <a href="/wiki/Bumiputera_(Malaysia)" title="Bumiputera (Malaysia)">Bumiputera</a> <ul><li>65.5% <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Malays" title="Malaysian Malays">Malay</a></li> <li>1.1% indigenous groups from <a href="/wiki/Sabah" title="Sabah">Sabah</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sarawak" title="Sarawak">Sarawak</a></li></ul></li> <li>20.6% <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Chinese" title="Malaysian Chinese">Chinese</a></li> <li>5.2% <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Indian" class="mw-redirect" title="Malaysian Indian">Indian</a></li> <li>0.5% Other ethnicities</li> <li>7.1% Non-citizens</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion <div class="ib-pol-div-religion"> (2020)<sup id="cite_ref-2020KF_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2020KF-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>68.9% <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Malaysia" title="Islam in Malaysia">Sunni Islam</a> (<a href="/wiki/State_religion" title="State religion">official</a>)</li><li>19.2% <a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Malaysia" title="Buddhism in Malaysia">Buddhism</a></li><li>5.3% <a href="/wiki/Hinduism_in_Malaysia" title="Hinduism in Malaysia">Hinduism</a></li><li>2.6% <a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Malaysia" title="Christianity in Malaysia">Christianity</a></li><li>0.5% Other religions</li><li>3.5% <a href="/wiki/Irreligion" title="Irreligion">No religion</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Malaccan</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Government</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_system" title="Parliamentary system">Parliamentary</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Yang_di-Pertua_Negeri_of_Malacca" title="Yang di-Pertua Negeri of Malacca">Yang di-Pertua Negeri</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mohd_Ali_Rustam" title="Mohd Ali Rustam">Mohd Ali Rustam</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Chief_Minister_of_Malacca" title="Chief Minister of Malacca">Chief Minister</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ab_Rauf_Yusoh" title="Ab Rauf Yusoh">Ab Rauf Yusoh</a> <br /> (<a href="/wiki/Barisan_Nasional" title="Barisan Nasional">BN</a>–<a href="/wiki/United_Malays_National_Organisation" class="mw-redirect" title="United Malays National Organisation">UMNO</a>)</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Legislature</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Malacca_State_Legislative_Assembly" title="Malacca State Legislative Assembly">Legislative Assembly</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area</th></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-pol-div-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,775 km<sup>2</sup> (685 sq mi) (<a href="/wiki/States_and_federal_territories_of_Malaysia#States" title="States and federal territories of Malaysia">11th</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Highest elevation<div class="ib-pol-div-elevation"> (Bukit Gapis)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">512 m (1,680 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-pol-div-fake-li">• 2023 census</div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,027,500</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-pol-div-fake-li">• Density</div></th><td class="infobox-data">622/km<sup>2</sup> (1,611.0/sq mi) (<a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Malaysia#Demographic_trends_and_key_rate" title="Demographics of Malaysia">6th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">GDP</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">(<a href="/wiki/Purchasing_power_parity" title="Purchasing power parity">PPP</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data">2023 estimate</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-pol-div-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">$38.745 billion (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)" title="List of countries by GDP (PPP)">11th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-pol-div-fake-li">• Per capita</div></th><td class="infobox-data">$37,708 (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Malaysian_states_by_GDP#Gross_Domestic_Product_per_capita_by_state" title="List of Malaysian states by GDP">6th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">GDP</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">(nominal)</span></th><td class="infobox-data">2023 estimate</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-pol-div-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">$12.150 billion (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Malaysian_states_by_GDP#Gross_Domestic_Product_by_state" title="List of Malaysian states by GDP">11th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-pol-div-fake-li">• Per capita</div></th><td class="infobox-data">$11,825 (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Malaysian_states_by_GDP#Gross_Domestic_Product_per_capita_by_state" title="List of Malaysian states by GDP">6th</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gini_coefficient" title="Gini coefficient">Gini</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">(2022)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Positive decrease"><img alt="Positive decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/11px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/17px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/22px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.370<sup id="cite_ref-dosm2024_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dosm2024-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><span class="nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><span class="tmp-color" style="color:forestgreen">low</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Human_Development_Index" title="Human Development Index">HDI</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">(2022)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.810<br /><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgreen">very high</span></span> · <a href="/wiki/List_of_Malaysian_states_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of Malaysian states by Human Development Index">8th</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Currency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_ringgit" title="Malaysian ringgit">Malaysian ringgit</a> (RM/MYR)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B8" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+8">UTC+8</a> (<a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Time" class="mw-redirect" title="Malaysian Time">Malaysian Time</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Date format</th><td class="infobox-data">dd-mm-yyyy</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Left-_and_right-hand_traffic" title="Left- and right-hand traffic">Driving side</a></th><td class="infobox-data">left</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Calling code</th><td class="infobox-data">+606-2, +606-3, +606-5</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_postal_codes_in_Malaysia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of postal codes in Malaysia">Postal code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="postal-code">75xxx to 78xxx</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data">MY-04</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.melaka.gov.my">www<wbr />.melaka<wbr />.gov<wbr />.my</a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1041539562">.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_cap"><b><a href="#ref_cap">^[a]</a></b></span> <a href="/wiki/Ayer_Keroh" title="Ayer Keroh">Ayer Keroh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hang_Tuah_Jaya" title="Hang Tuah Jaya">Hang Tuah Jaya</a> is the state administrative centre and the seat of the Malacca state government (<a href="/wiki/Malacca_State_Executive_Council" title="Malacca State Executive Council">executive branch</a> & <a href="/wiki/Malacca_State_Legislative_Assembly" title="Malacca State Legislative Assembly">legislative branch</a>). However, <a href="/wiki/Malacca_City" title="Malacca City">Malacca City</a> remains the official capital of the Malacca state.</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Malacca</b> (<a href="/wiki/Malay_language" title="Malay language">Malay</a>: <i lang="ms">Melaka</i>), officially the <b>Historic State of Malacca</b> (<a href="/wiki/Malay_language" title="Malay language">Malay</a>: <i lang="ms">Melaka Negeri Bersejarah</i>), is a <a href="/wiki/States_and_federal_territories_of_Malaysia" title="States and federal territories of Malaysia">state</a> in <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a> located in the <a href="/wiki/Peninsular_Malaysia#Other_features" title="Peninsular Malaysia">southern region</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Malay_Peninsula" title="Malay Peninsula">Malay Peninsula</a>, facing the <a href="/wiki/Strait_of_Malacca" title="Strait of Malacca">Strait of Malacca</a>. The state is bordered by <a href="/wiki/Negeri_Sembilan" title="Negeri Sembilan">Negeri Sembilan</a> to the north and west and <a href="/wiki/Johor" title="Johor">Johor</a> to the south. The <a href="/wiki/Enclaves_and_exclaves" class="mw-redirect" title="Enclaves and exclaves">exclave</a> of <a href="/wiki/Tanjung_Tuan" title="Tanjung Tuan">Tanjung Tuan</a> also borders Negeri Sembilan to the north. Its capital is <a href="/wiki/Malacca_City" title="Malacca City">Malacca City</a>, which has been listed as a <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Site</a> since 7 July <a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_by_year_of_inscription#2008_(32nd_session)" title="List of World Heritage Sites by year of inscription">2008</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Malacca has diverse <a href="/wiki/Tropical_rainforest" title="Tropical rainforest">tropical rainforest</a> and experiences an <a href="/wiki/Equatorial_climate" class="mw-redirect" title="Equatorial climate">equatorial climate</a>. Situated immediately south of the <a href="/wiki/Titiwangsa_Mountains" title="Titiwangsa Mountains">Titiwangsa Mountains</a>, the state is mostly level and dotted with <a href="/wiki/Inselbergs" class="mw-redirect" title="Inselbergs">inselbergs</a>, with Bukit Gapis as the highest point. </p><p>Although it was the location of one of the earliest <a href="/wiki/Malay_sultanate" class="mw-redirect" title="Malay sultanate">Malay sultanates</a>, namely the <a href="/wiki/Malacca_Sultanate" title="Malacca Sultanate">Malacca Sultanate</a>, the local monarchy was abolished when the Portuguese <a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Malacca_(1511)" title="Capture of Malacca (1511)">conquered it</a> in 1511. The head of state is the <span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><i lang="ms"><a href="/wiki/Yang_di-Pertua_Negeri" title="Yang di-Pertua Negeri">Yang di-Pertua Negeri</a></i></span> or Governor, rather than a <a href="/wiki/Sultan" title="Sultan">sultan</a>. Malacca is noted for its unique history and it is one of the major tourist destinations in Malaysia. With a highly strategic state position for international trade routes, Malacca was once a well-known international trade centre in the East. Many traders anchored in Malacca, especially traders from <a href="/wiki/Arabian_Peninsula" title="Arabian Peninsula">Arabia</a>, China and India, traded at the port of Malacca and from there were born many of the descendants and tribes that exist in Malacca to this day. </p><p>A great diversity of races and ethnicities have long existed among the local community reflecting its history. <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Malays" title="Malaysian Malays">Malays</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Chinese" title="Malaysian Chinese">Chinese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Indians" title="Malaysian Indians">Indians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peranakans" class="mw-redirect" title="Peranakans">Baba Nyonya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kristang_people" title="Kristang people">Kristang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chitty" title="Chitty">Chitty</a>, <a href="/wiki/Temuan_people" title="Temuan people">Temuan</a> and Eurasians are significant ethnic groups living in the State of Malacca in the present day.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malacca&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The state's name dates to a popular legend surrounding the founding of the Malacca Sultanate by <a href="/wiki/Parameswara_(king)" class="mw-redirect" title="Parameswara (king)">Parameswara</a>, who sought a new location to establish a kingdom after fleeing a <a href="/wiki/Majapahit" title="Majapahit">Majapahit</a> invasion of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Singapura" title="Kingdom of Singapura">Singapura</a>. As the story goes, Parameswara was resting under a <a href="/wiki/Phyllanthus_emblica" title="Phyllanthus emblica">Malacca tree</a> (<a href="/wiki/Malay_language" title="Malay language">Malay</a>: <i lang="ms">pokok melaka</i>) near a river during a hunt, when one of his dogs cornered a <a href="/wiki/Mouse_deer" class="mw-redirect" title="Mouse deer">mouse deer</a>. In self-defence, the mouse deer pushed the dog into the river. Impressed by the courage of the deer, and taking it as a good omen of the weak overcoming the powerful, Parameswara decided then to found an empire at that spot. He named this empire after the tree where he had just taken shelter.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This story shows remarkable similarities with and was probably adapted (as some historians argued) from folk-tales from <a href="/wiki/Kandy" title="Kandy">Kandy</a>, Sri Lanka, and <a href="/wiki/Samudera_Pasai_Sultanate" title="Samudera Pasai Sultanate">Pasai</a>, Sumatra (both of which pre-date Malacca).<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The "Malacca tree" was taken as a basis for the species <i>Phyllanthus emblica</i> named by <a href="/wiki/Carl_Linnaeus" title="Carl Linnaeus">Carl Linnaeus</a> in 1753 through Latinising its original <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a> name <span title="Sanskrit-language text"><span lang="sa">आमलक</span></span> (<span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">āmalaka</i></span>), to which the species have since been planted as ornamentals in various state attractions.<sup id="cite_ref-FRIMStar_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FRIMStar-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, some researchers like those of the Forestry Research Institute of Malaysia speculate that the legendary name-giving tree may have been the species <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phyllanthus_pectinatus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phyllanthus pectinatus (page does not exist)">Phyllanthus pectinatus</a></i> more endemic to Malay Archipelago forests which superficially resemble <i>P. emblica</i>. There is no geographical overlap between the species.<sup id="cite_ref-FRIMStar_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FRIMStar-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another account on the origin of the naming of Malacca claims that during the reign of Muhammad Shah (1424–1444), Arab merchants called the kingdom 'Malakat' (Arabic for 'congregation of merchants') because it was home to many trading communities.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One theory suggests, as mentioned in the <i>Suma Oriental</i> by <a href="/wiki/Tom%C3%A9_Pires" title="Tomé Pires">Tomé Pires</a>, that it is derived from the Javanese terms melayu or mlayu (to steadily accelerate or to run), to describe the strong current of a river in Sumatra that today bears the name Sungai Melayu ('Melayu river') which was later possibly adopted to be Melaka as denoting a place for the fleeing prince.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malacca&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatleft" style="width:23em; ; font-size: 90%; color: #202122;background-color: #B0C4DE;"> <div class="quotebox-title" style="color: #202122;background-color: #B0C4DE;">Historical affiliations</div> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> <p><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_Portugal_%281640%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal_%281640%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_Portugal_%281640%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal_%281640%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_Portugal_%281640%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal_%281640%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Malacca" title="Portuguese Malacca">Portuguese Malacca</a> 1511–1641<br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Flag_of_the_Dutch_East_India_Company.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Dutch_East_India_Company.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Flag_of_the_Dutch_East_India_Company.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Dutch_East_India_Company.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Flag_of_the_Dutch_East_India_Company.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Dutch_East_India_Company.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Malacca" title="Dutch Malacca">Dutch East India Company</a> 1641–1795<br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Dutch_East_Indies" title="Dutch East Indies">Dutch East Indies</a> 1818–1825<br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_the_British_Straits_Settlements_%281904%E2%80%931925%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_British_Straits_Settlements_%281904%E2%80%931925%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_the_British_Straits_Settlements_%281904%E2%80%931925%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_British_Straits_Settlements_%281904%E2%80%931925%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_the_British_Straits_Settlements_%281904%E2%80%931925%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_British_Straits_Settlements_%281904%E2%80%931925%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Straits_Settlements" title="Straits Settlements">British Straits Settlements</a> 1825–1946<br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Flag_of_Malacca_%281951-1957%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malacca_%281951-1957%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Flag_of_Malacca_%281951-1957%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malacca_%281951-1957%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Flag_of_Malacca_%281951-1957%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Malacca_%281951-1957%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Crown_Colony_of_Malacca" title="Crown Colony of Malacca">Crown Colony of Malacca</a> 1946–1957<br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Flag_of_Malaya_%281950%E2%80%931963%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malaya_%281950%E2%80%931963%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Flag_of_Malaya_%281950%E2%80%931963%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malaya_%281950%E2%80%931963%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Flag_of_Malaya_%281950%E2%80%931963%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Malaya_%281950%E2%80%931963%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="550" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Malaya" title="Federation of Malaya">Federation of Malaya</a> 1957–1963<br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a> 1963–present </p> </blockquote> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sultanate_of_Malacca">Sultanate of Malacca</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malacca&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Sultanate of Malacca"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Malacca_Sultanate" title="Malacca Sultanate">Malacca Sultanate</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Malacca_Sultanate_Palace.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Malacca_Sultanate_Palace.JPG/220px-Malacca_Sultanate_Palace.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Malacca_Sultanate_Palace.JPG/330px-Malacca_Sultanate_Palace.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Malacca_Sultanate_Palace.JPG/440px-Malacca_Sultanate_Palace.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Malacca_Sultanate_Palace_Museum" title="Malacca Sultanate Palace Museum">Malacca Sultanate Palace Museum</a>, modern reconstruction of the palace of the Malacca Sultanate.</figcaption></figure> <p>Before the arrival of the first <a href="/wiki/Sultan" title="Sultan">sultan</a>, the area that's now Malacca was a fishing village. Malacca was founded by <a href="/wiki/Parameswara_of_Malacca" title="Parameswara of Malacca">Parameswara</a>, also known as Iskandar Shah. He found his way to Malacca around 1402 where he found a good port—it was accessible in all seasons and on the strategically located narrowest point of the <a href="/wiki/Strait_of_Malacca" title="Strait of Malacca">Strait of Malacca</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-RICKLEFSp19_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RICKLEFSp19-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In collaboration with his <a href="/wiki/Proto-Malay" title="Proto-Malay">Proto-Malay</a> privateers allies, called the <a href="/wiki/Orang_Laut" title="Orang Laut">Orang Laut</a> ("sea-people"), he established Malacca as an international port by compelling passing ships to call there, and establishing fair and reliable facilities for warehousing and trade.<sup id="cite_ref-RICKLEFSp19_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RICKLEFSp19-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1403, the first official Chinese trade envoy led by Admiral Yin Qing arrived in Malacca. Later, Parameswara was escorted by <a href="/wiki/Zheng_He" title="Zheng He">Zheng He</a> and other envoys in his successful visits. Malacca's relationships with <a href="/wiki/Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Ming China</a> granted it protection from attacks by <a href="/wiki/Siam" class="mw-redirect" title="Siam">Siam</a> and <a href="/wiki/Majapahit" title="Majapahit">Majapahit</a>. Malacca officially submitted to Ming China as a <a href="/wiki/Protectorate" title="Protectorate">protectorate</a>. This encouraged the development of Malacca into a major trade settlement on the trade route between China and India, the <a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a>, Africa and Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mao_Kun_map_-_Malacca.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Mao_Kun_map_-_Malacca.png/220px-Mao_Kun_map_-_Malacca.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Mao_Kun_map_-_Malacca.png/330px-Mao_Kun_map_-_Malacca.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Mao_Kun_map_-_Malacca.png/440px-Mao_Kun_map_-_Malacca.png 2x" data-file-width="685" data-file-height="560" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mao_Kun_map" title="Mao Kun map">Mao Kun map</a>, from <i><a href="/wiki/Wubei_Zhi" title="Wubei Zhi">Wubei Zhi</a></i>, which comes from the early 15th century maps of <a href="/wiki/Zheng_He" title="Zheng He">Zheng He</a>'s navigators and cartographers, showing Malacca (滿剌加) near the top left.</figcaption></figure> <p>During the early 15th century, <a href="/wiki/Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Ming China</a> actively sought to build in Malacca a commercial hub and a base of operation for their <a href="/wiki/Ming_treasure_voyages" title="Ming treasure voyages">treasure voyages into the Indian Ocean</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-se16-615_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-se16-615-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Malacca had been a relatively insignificant region, not even qualifying as a polity prior to the voyages according to both <a href="/wiki/Ma_Huan" title="Ma Huan">Ma Huan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fei_Xin" title="Fei Xin">Fei Xin</a>, and was a vassal region of <a href="/wiki/Siam" class="mw-redirect" title="Siam">Siam</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-se16-615_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-se16-615-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1405, the Ming court dispatched Admiral <a href="/wiki/Zheng_He" title="Zheng He">Zheng He</a> with a stone tablet enfeoffing the Western Mountain of Malacca as well as an imperial order elevating the status of the port to a country.<sup id="cite_ref-se16-615_27-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-se16-615-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Chinese also established a government depot (官廠) as a fortified cantonment for their soldiers.<sup id="cite_ref-se16-615_27-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-se16-615-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ma Huan reported that Siam did not dare to invade Malacca thereafter.<sup id="cite_ref-se16-615_27-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-se16-615-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The rulers of Malacca, such as <a href="/wiki/Parameswara_(king)" class="mw-redirect" title="Parameswara (king)">Parameswara</a> in 1411, would pay tribute to the Chinese emperor in person.<sup id="cite_ref-se16-615_27-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-se16-615-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1431, when a Malaccan representative complained that Siam was obstructing tribute missions to the Ming court, the Xuande Emperor dispatched Zheng He carrying a threatening message for the Siamese king saying "You, king should respect my orders, develop good relations with your neighbours, examine and instruct your subordinates and not act recklessly or aggressively."<sup id="cite_ref-se16-615_27-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-se16-615-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The early kings of Malacca—Parameswara, <a href="/wiki/Megat_Iskandar_Shah_of_Malacca" title="Megat Iskandar Shah of Malacca">Megat Iskandar Shah</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sri_Maharaja" title="Sri Maharaja">Sri Maharaja</a>—understood that they could gain Ming China's protection through skilful diplomacy and thereby could establish a strong foundation to their kingdom against Siam and other potential enemies.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Chinese involvement was crucial for Malacca to grow into a key alternative to other important and established ports.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to Malaccan folklore, to enhance relations, <a href="/wiki/Hang_Li_Po" title="Hang Li Po">Hang Li Po</a>, a daughter of the <a href="/wiki/Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Ming</a> Emperor of China, arrived in Malacca, accompanied by 500 attendants, to marry Sultan <a href="/wiki/Mansur_Shah_of_Malacca" title="Mansur Shah of Malacca">Mansur Shah</a> who reigned from 1456 until 1477. Her attendants married Malaccans and settled mostly in <a href="/wiki/Bukit_Cina" title="Bukit Cina">Bukit Cina</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:New_Geographic_Map_of_the_Interior_of_Malaca_WDL972.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/New_Geographic_Map_of_the_Interior_of_Malaca_WDL972.png/220px-New_Geographic_Map_of_the_Interior_of_Malaca_WDL972.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/New_Geographic_Map_of_the_Interior_of_Malaca_WDL972.png/330px-New_Geographic_Map_of_the_Interior_of_Malaca_WDL972.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/New_Geographic_Map_of_the_Interior_of_Malaca_WDL972.png/440px-New_Geographic_Map_of_the_Interior_of_Malaca_WDL972.png 2x" data-file-width="1047" data-file-height="795" /></a><figcaption>Map of Malacca 1602</figcaption></figure> <p>Malacca again sent envoys to China in 1481 to inform the Chinese that, while Malaccan envoys were returning to Malacca from China in 1469, the <a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_people" title="Vietnamese people">Vietnamese</a> attacked the Malaccans, killing some of them while castrating the young and enslaving them. The Malaccans reported that <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a> was in control of Champa and also sought to conquer Malacca, but the Malaccans did not fight back, because they did not want to fight against another state that was a tributary to China without permission from the Chinese. They requested to confront the Vietnamese delegation to China which was in China at the time, but the Chinese informed them since the incident was years old, they could do nothing about it, and the Emperor sent a letter to the Vietnamese ruler reproaching him for the incident. The Chinese Emperor also ordered the Malaccans to raise soldiers and fight back with violent force if the Vietnamese attacked them again.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Colonial_era">Colonial era</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malacca&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Colonial era"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Malacca" title="Portuguese Malacca">Portuguese Malacca</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Malacca" title="Dutch Malacca">Dutch Malacca</a>, <a href="/wiki/Straits_Settlements" title="Straits Settlements">Straits Settlements</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Crown_Colony_of_Malacca" title="Crown Colony of Malacca">Crown Colony of Malacca</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Malacca_1630.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Malacca_1630.jpg/220px-Malacca_1630.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Malacca_1630.jpg/330px-Malacca_1630.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Malacca_1630.jpg/440px-Malacca_1630.jpg 2x" data-file-width="613" data-file-height="418" /></a><figcaption>1630 map of the Portuguese fort and the city of Malacca</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bastion_Middleburg.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Bastion_Middleburg.JPG/220px-Bastion_Middleburg.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Bastion_Middleburg.JPG/330px-Bastion_Middleburg.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Bastion_Middleburg.JPG/440px-Bastion_Middleburg.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1984" data-file-height="1488" /></a><figcaption>The construction of the <a href="/wiki/Middelburg_Bastion" title="Middelburg Bastion">Middelburg Bastion</a> was carried out in 1660 during <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Malacca" title="Dutch Malacca">Dutch-rule</a> in Malacca, it is strategically located at the mouth of Malacca River</figcaption></figure> <p>In April 1511, <a href="/wiki/Afonso_de_Albuquerque" title="Afonso de Albuquerque">Afonso de Albuquerque</a> set sail from <a href="/wiki/Goa" title="Goa">Goa</a> to Malacca with a force of some 1,200 men and seventeen or eighteen ships.<sup id="cite_ref-RICKLEFSp23_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RICKLEFSp23-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They <a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Malacca_(1511)" title="Capture of Malacca (1511)">conquered</a> the city on 24 August 1511. After seizing the city Afonso de Albuquerque spared the <a href="/wiki/Hindu" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu">Hindu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chinese_people" title="Chinese people">Chinese</a> and <a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Burmese</a> inhabitants but had the Muslim inhabitants massacred or sold into slavery.<sup id="cite_ref-Headrick2010_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Headrick2010-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It soon became clear that <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_people" title="Portuguese people">Portuguese</a> control of Malacca did not also mean that they controlled the <a href="/wiki/Asian_people" title="Asian people">Asian</a> trade centred there. The Malaccan rule was severely hampered by administrative and economic difficulties.<sup id="cite_ref-RICKLEFSp23-24_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RICKLEFSp23-24-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rather than achieving their ambition of dominating Asian trade, the Portuguese had disrupted the organised network that had existed. The centralised port of exchange of Asian wealth was now gone, as was a Malay state to police the <a href="/wiki/Strait_of_Malacca" title="Strait of Malacca">Strait of Malacca</a> which had made it safe for commercial traffic. Trade was now scattered over a number of ports that fought amongst each other.<sup id="cite_ref-RICKLEFSp23-24_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RICKLEFSp23-24-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Malaca,_Malaka,_Histoire_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale_des_voyages,_Paris,_Didot,_1750.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Malaca%2C_Malaka%2C_Histoire_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale_des_voyages%2C_Paris%2C_Didot%2C_1750.jpg/220px-Malaca%2C_Malaka%2C_Histoire_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale_des_voyages%2C_Paris%2C_Didot%2C_1750.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Malaca%2C_Malaka%2C_Histoire_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale_des_voyages%2C_Paris%2C_Didot%2C_1750.jpg/330px-Malaca%2C_Malaka%2C_Histoire_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale_des_voyages%2C_Paris%2C_Didot%2C_1750.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Malaca%2C_Malaka%2C_Histoire_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale_des_voyages%2C_Paris%2C_Didot%2C_1750.jpg/440px-Malaca%2C_Malaka%2C_Histoire_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale_des_voyages%2C_Paris%2C_Didot%2C_1750.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4490" data-file-height="3084" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Malacca" title="Dutch Malacca">Dutch Malacca</a>, c. 1750</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Society_of_Jesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Society of Jesus">Jesuit</a> <a href="/wiki/Missionary" title="Missionary">missionary</a> <a href="/wiki/Francis_Xavier" title="Francis Xavier">Francis Xavier</a> spent several months in Malacca in 1545, 1546, and 1549. The Dutch launched several attacks on the <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_people" title="Portuguese people">Portuguese</a> colony during the first four decades of the seventeenth century. The first attack took place in 1606 under the command of Dutch Admiral <a href="/wiki/Cornelis_Matelief_de_Jonge" title="Cornelis Matelief de Jonge">Cornelis Matelief de Jonge</a> who laid siege to the town with the help of his ally, the <a href="/wiki/Johor_Sultanate" title="Johor Sultanate">Johor Sultanate</a>. He engaged the Portuguese armada which had been sent from Goa to offer armed relief to the besieged port.<sup id="cite_ref-BORSCHBERG01_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BORSCHBERG01-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 14 January 1641, the Dutch <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Malacca_(1641)" title="Siege of Malacca (1641)">defeated the Portuguese</a> in an effort to capture Malacca, with the help of the Sultan of <a href="/wiki/Johor" title="Johor">Johor</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-arkib.gov.my_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-arkib.gov.my-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-auto_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BORSCHBERG02_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BORSCHBERG02-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Dutch ruled Malacca from 1641 to 1798 but they were not interested in developing it as a trading centre, placing greater importance on <a href="/wiki/Batavia,_Dutch_East_Indies" title="Batavia, Dutch East Indies">Batavia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Jakarta" title="Jakarta">Jakarta</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Java" title="Java">Java</a> as their administrative centre. However they still built an administrative building called, <a href="/wiki/Stadthuys" title="Stadthuys">Stadthuys</a>, which is now a landmark. In the Dutch era the building was white, the current red paint was from a later date. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Image_from_page_26_of_%22British_Malaya;_an_account_of_the_origin_and_progress_of_British_influence_in_Malaya;..._(1907)_(14580981259).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Image_from_page_26_of_%22British_Malaya%3B_an_account_of_the_origin_and_progress_of_British_influence_in_Malaya%3B..._%281907%29_%2814580981259%29.jpg/220px-Image_from_page_26_of_%22British_Malaya%3B_an_account_of_the_origin_and_progress_of_British_influence_in_Malaya%3B..._%281907%29_%2814580981259%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="191" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Image_from_page_26_of_%22British_Malaya%3B_an_account_of_the_origin_and_progress_of_British_influence_in_Malaya%3B..._%281907%29_%2814580981259%29.jpg/330px-Image_from_page_26_of_%22British_Malaya%3B_an_account_of_the_origin_and_progress_of_British_influence_in_Malaya%3B..._%281907%29_%2814580981259%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Image_from_page_26_of_%22British_Malaya%3B_an_account_of_the_origin_and_progress_of_British_influence_in_Malaya%3B..._%281907%29_%2814580981259%29.jpg/440px-Image_from_page_26_of_%22British_Malaya%3B_an_account_of_the_origin_and_progress_of_British_influence_in_Malaya%3B..._%281907%29_%2814580981259%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1358" data-file-height="1180" /></a><figcaption>Malacca River 1907, <a href="/wiki/Church_of_St._Francis_Xavier,_Malacca_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Church of St. Francis Xavier, Malacca City">Church of St. Francis Xavier</a> in the background</figcaption></figure> <p>Malacca was ceded to the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">British</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Dutch_Treaty_of_1824" title="Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824">Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824</a> in exchange for <a href="/wiki/British_Bencoolen" title="British Bencoolen">Bencoolen</a> on Sumatra. From 1824 to 1942, Malacca was under the rule of the British, first by the <a href="/wiki/East_India_Company" title="East India Company">East India Company</a> and then as a <a href="/wiki/Crown_colony" title="Crown colony">crown colony</a>. Due to dissatisfaction with British jurisdiction over <a href="/wiki/Naning" title="Naning">Naning</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dol_Said" title="Dol Said">Dol Said</a>, a local chief, fought the <a href="/wiki/East_India_Company" title="East India Company">East India Company</a> in <a href="/wiki/Naning_War" title="Naning War">a war</a> from 1831 to 1832, which resulted in a decisive British victory. It formed part of the <a href="/wiki/Straits_Settlements" title="Straits Settlements">Straits Settlements</a>, together with <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a> and <a href="/wiki/Penang" title="Penang">Penang</a>. Malacca went briefly under the rule of <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Empire of Japan</a> between 1942 and 1945<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post_colonial_era">Post colonial era</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malacca&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Post colonial era"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the war, Malacca was placed under a <a href="/wiki/British_Military_Administration_(Malaya)" title="British Military Administration (Malaya)">military administration</a> until 1946. Subsequently, the <a href="/wiki/Straits_Settlements" title="Straits Settlements">Straits Settlements</a> was abolished, as the British sought to consolidate the various political entities in <a href="/wiki/British_Malaya" title="British Malaya">British Malaya</a> under a single polity named the <a href="/wiki/Malayan_Union" title="Malayan Union">Malayan Union</a>. The now separate <a href="/wiki/Crown_Colony_of_Malacca" title="Crown Colony of Malacca">Crown Colony of Malacca</a> was consequently merged into the Malayan Union, which was then replaced by the <a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Malaya" title="Federation of Malaya">Federation of Malaya</a> in 1948.<sup id="cite_ref-arkib.gov.my1_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-arkib.gov.my1-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nlb.gov.sg_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nlb.gov.sg-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The declaration of independence was made by the first Prime Minister of Malaya, <a href="/wiki/Tunku_Abdul_Rahman" title="Tunku Abdul Rahman">Tunku Abdul Rahman</a>, at Padang Pahlawan on 20 February 1956, which eventually led to the independence of Malaya on 31 August 1957.<sup id="cite_ref-arkib.gov.my2_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-arkib.gov.my2-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 16 September 1963, Malaysia was formed with the merger of Malaya with Sabah, Sarawak and Singapore, and Malacca became part of it.<sup id="cite_ref-arkib.gov.my3_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-arkib.gov.my3-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:195a_Malacca,_Malaysia_(51256732430).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/195a_Malacca%2C_Malaysia_%2851256732430%29.jpg/220px-195a_Malacca%2C_Malaysia_%2851256732430%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/195a_Malacca%2C_Malaysia_%2851256732430%29.jpg/330px-195a_Malacca%2C_Malaysia_%2851256732430%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/195a_Malacca%2C_Malaysia_%2851256732430%29.jpg/440px-195a_Malacca%2C_Malaysia_%2851256732430%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2606" data-file-height="1768" /></a><figcaption>Malacca in 1971</figcaption></figure> <p>The state capital, <a href="/wiki/Malacca_City" title="Malacca City">Malacca City</a>, with a variety of architectures inherited from its colonial days, was declared a historical city on 15 April 1989 and granted city status on 15 April 2003 by the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Malaysia" title="Government of Malaysia">Federal Government of Malaysia</a>. The city's historical core has been listed as a <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Site</a> since 7 July 2008. Malacca City along with <a href="/wiki/George_Town,_Penang" title="George Town, Penang">George Town</a> was confirmed as a <a href="/wiki/Historic_Cities_of_the_Straits_of_Malacca" title="Historic Cities of the Straits of Malacca">UNESCO World Heritage Site</a> in 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Governance_and_politics">Governance and politics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malacca&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Governance and politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Main_building_inside_Seri_Negeri_Complex,_Malacca.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Main_building_inside_Seri_Negeri_Complex%2C_Malacca.JPG/220px-Main_building_inside_Seri_Negeri_Complex%2C_Malacca.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Main_building_inside_Seri_Negeri_Complex%2C_Malacca.JPG/330px-Main_building_inside_Seri_Negeri_Complex%2C_Malacca.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Main_building_inside_Seri_Negeri_Complex%2C_Malacca.JPG/440px-Main_building_inside_Seri_Negeri_Complex%2C_Malacca.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4272" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Seri_Negeri_complex" title="Seri Negeri complex">Seri Negeri complex</a>, which houses the office of Malacca's chief minister, the <a href="/wiki/Malacca_State_Legislative_Assembly" title="Malacca State Legislative Assembly">Malacca State Legislative Assembly</a>, the State Secretariat office and the <a href="/wiki/Official_residence" title="Official residence">official residence</a> of the Governor.</figcaption></figure> <p>Malacca is one of four <a href="/wiki/States_and_federal_territories_of_Malaysia" title="States and federal territories of Malaysia">Malaysian states</a> without hereditary monarchies, despite being the location of one of the earliest Malay sultanates, as the local monarchy was abolished when the Portuguese <a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Malacca_(1511)" title="Capture of Malacca (1511)">conquered it</a> in 1511. The head of state of Malacca is the governor (<a href="/wiki/Malay_language" title="Malay language">Malay</a>: <i lang="ms"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Yang_di-Pertua_Negeri_of_Malacca" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Yang di-Pertua Negeri of Malacca">Yang di-Pertua Negeri</a></i>), who is appointed by the <a href="/wiki/King_of_Malaysia" title="King of Malaysia">King of Malaysia</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ali_Rustam" class="mw-redirect" title="Ali Rustam">Ali Rustam</a> is the current Governor of Malacca, having assumed office on 4 June 2020. In practice, the Governor's role is largely symbolic and ceremonial. This includes the authority to appoint the <a href="/wiki/Chief_Minister_of_Malacca" title="Chief Minister of Malacca">head of government</a> and approve legislation that has been passed by the state's legislature.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Malacca state government has its own executive council and legislature, but their powers are limited compared to the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Malaysia" title="Government of Malaysia">Malaysian federal government</a>. According to the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Malaysia" title="Constitution of Malaysia">Constitution of Malaysia</a>, the state may legislate on matters pertaining to Malay customs, land, agriculture and forestry, local government, civil and water works, and state administration, whereas matters that fall under the joint purview of both state and federal authorities include social welfare, wildlife protection and national parks, scholarships, husbandry, town planning, drainage and irrigation, and public health and health regulations.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Executive_and_Legislature">Executive and Legislature</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malacca&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Executive and Legislature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Malacca_State_Executive_Council" title="Malacca State Executive Council">Malacca State Executive Council</a> and <a href="/wiki/Malacca_State_Legislative_Assembly" title="Malacca State Legislative Assembly">Malacca State Legislative Assembly</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Chief_Minister_of_Malacca" title="Chief Minister of Malacca">Chief Minister of Malacca</a></div> <table class="toccolours" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="float:left; margin-right:.8em; margin-top:.7em; font-size:90%;"> <tbody><tr style="background:#EEF; vertical-align:top;"> <th>Political Party/<br />Alliance </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Malacca_State_Legislative_Assembly" title="Malacca State Legislative Assembly">State Legislative<br />Assembly</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Dewan_Rakyat" title="Dewan Rakyat">Malaysian</a> <p><a href="/wiki/Dewan_Rakyat" title="Dewan Rakyat">Parliament</a> </p> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="background:#00bfff;"><a href="/wiki/Barisan_Nasional" title="Barisan Nasional">Barisan Nasional</a> </td> <td>21 (75.0%) </td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="background:#f77;"><a href="/wiki/Pakatan_Harapan" title="Pakatan Harapan">Pakatan Harapan</a> </td> <td>5 (17.86%) </td> <td>3 (50.0%) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="background:#003152;"><a href="/wiki/Perikatan_Nasional" title="Perikatan Nasional">Perikatan Nasional</a> </td> <td>2 (7.14%) </td> <td>3 (50.0%) </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Malacca's state legislature is the unicameral 28-seat <a href="/wiki/Malacca_State_Legislative_Assembly" title="Malacca State Legislative Assembly">State Legislative Assembly</a>, the highest authority in the state which decides on policy matters. The State Executive Council is responsible to the assembly and comprises members who are appointed every five years by the political party or coalition in power. </p><p>The state government is headed by the <a href="/wiki/Chief_Minister_of_Malacca" title="Chief Minister of Malacca">chief minister</a>, appointed by the Yang di-Pertua Negeri from among the State Legislative Assembly members of the governing party or coalition. The chief Minister presides over a meeting of State Executive Council ministers weekly at the chief minister's office. The Chief Minister's Department is responsible for the overall administration of the state, as well as its political interest. The current chief minister is <a href="/wiki/Sulaiman_Md_Ali" title="Sulaiman Md Ali">Sulaiman Md Ali</a> of the <a href="/wiki/United_Malays_National_Organisation" class="mw-redirect" title="United Malays National Organisation">United Malays National Organisation</a> (UMNO). </p><p>The administrative complex is located at <a href="/wiki/Seri_Negeri_complex" title="Seri Negeri complex">Seri Negeri complex</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ayer_Keroh" title="Ayer Keroh">Ayer Keroh</a>. It houses the chief minister's office, the <a href="/wiki/Malacca_State_Legislative_Assembly" title="Malacca State Legislative Assembly">State Legislative Assembly</a>, the state secretariat office and the official residence of the governor. </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="6"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Melaka_State_2021.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Melaka_State_2021.svg/300px-Melaka_State_2021.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Melaka_State_2021.svg/450px-Melaka_State_2021.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Melaka_State_2021.svg/600px-Melaka_State_2021.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" rowspan="2">Affiliation </th> <th rowspan="2">Coalition/Party Leader </th> <th rowspan="2">Status </th> <th colspan="2">Seats </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2021_Malacca_state_election" title="2021 Malacca state election">2021 election</a> </th> <th>Current </th></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#000080; color:white;border:1px solid darkgray;"> </span><br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#CC2200; color:white;border:1px solid darkgray;"> </span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Barisan_Nasional" title="Barisan Nasional">Barisan Nasional</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Pakatan_Harapan" title="Pakatan Harapan">Pakatan Harapan</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sulaiman_Md_Ali" title="Sulaiman Md Ali">Sulaiman Md Ali</a> </td> <td>Government </td> <td>26 </td> <td>26 </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#031e61; color:white;border:1px solid darkgray;"> </span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Perikatan_Nasional" title="Perikatan Nasional">Perikatan Nasional</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mohd_Yadzil_Yaakub" title="Mohd Yadzil Yaakub">Mohd Yadzil Yaakub</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Opposition_(Malaysia)" title="Opposition (Malaysia)">Opposition</a> </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="4">Total </th> <th>28 </th> <th>28 </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="4">Government majority </th> <th>24 </th> <th>24 </th></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Local_governments">Local governments</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malacca&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Local governments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Malacca is further divided into four municipalities, one of which is a city-level municipality, each administered by a <a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_Malaysia" title="Local government in Malaysia">local government</a>. The local governments exercise power in areas such as planning and development control, public housing, public spaces, waste disposal, business licensing, markets, local transport, and municipal roads.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Malacca is also divided into three administrative districts of Alor Gajah, Jasin and Melaka Tengah. Each district is headed by a district officer. The lands and district office in each district deals with land administration and revenue. Thus, it differs from the local governments that oversee the provision and maintenance of urban infrastructure.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malacca_City_Council" title="Malacca City Council">Malacca City Council</a> administers most of <a href="/wiki/Melaka_Tengah_District" title="Melaka Tengah District">Melaka Tengah District</a>.</li> <li>Alor Gajah Municipal Council administers most of <a href="/wiki/Alor_Gajah_District" title="Alor Gajah District">Alor Gajah District</a>.</li> <li>Jasin Municipal Council administers most of <a href="/wiki/Jasin_District" title="Jasin District">Jasin District</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hang_Tuah_Jaya_Municipal_Council" title="Hang Tuah Jaya Municipal Council">Hang Tuah Jaya Municipal Council</a> is in charge of <a href="/wiki/Hang_Tuah_Jaya" title="Hang Tuah Jaya">Hang Tuah Jaya</a> municipality, which consists of the northern part of Melaka Tengah District, the southeastern part of Alor Gajah District and the western part of Jasin District.</li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:540px;max-width:540px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:284px;max-width:284px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Melaka_Malaysia_Majlis-Bandaraya-Melaka-Bersejarah-01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Melaka_Malaysia_Majlis-Bandaraya-Melaka-Bersejarah-01.jpg/282px-Melaka_Malaysia_Majlis-Bandaraya-Melaka-Bersejarah-01.jpg" decoding="async" width="282" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Melaka_Malaysia_Majlis-Bandaraya-Melaka-Bersejarah-01.jpg/423px-Melaka_Malaysia_Majlis-Bandaraya-Melaka-Bersejarah-01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Melaka_Malaysia_Majlis-Bandaraya-Melaka-Bersejarah-01.jpg/564px-Melaka_Malaysia_Majlis-Bandaraya-Melaka-Bersejarah-01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5461" data-file-height="3641" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">Graha Makmur in Ayer Keroh serves as the headquarters of the Malacca City Council.</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:252px;max-width:252px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Melaka_Mall.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Melaka_Mall.jpg/250px-Melaka_Mall.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Melaka_Mall.jpg/375px-Melaka_Mall.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Melaka_Mall.jpg/500px-Melaka_Mall.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1984" data-file-height="1488" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">Melaka Mall, adjacent to Graha Makmur and formerly known as Kotamas, houses the Hang Tuah Jaya Municipal Council headquarters.</div></div></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foreign_relations">Foreign relations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malacca&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Foreign relations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Malacca signed sister state relationship memorandums with China's <a href="/wiki/Jiangsu" title="Jiangsu">Jiangsu Province</a> and <a href="/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong">Guangdong Province</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From the late 2000s to late 2010s, two bungalows in the town of <a href="/wiki/Peringgit" title="Peringgit">Peringgit</a> housed galleries which display and promote foreign artwork and culture.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Among these were <a href="/wiki/Casa_Cuba" title="Casa Cuba">Casa Cuba</a>, which was established by the <a href="/wiki/Cuba%E2%80%93Malaysia_relations" title="Cuba–Malaysia relations">embassy of Cuba</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Macau_Gallery_Melaka" title="Macau Gallery Melaka">Macau Gallery</a>, which was established by the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Macau" title="Government of Macau">Government</a> of <a href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau">Macau</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A <a href="/wiki/Melaka_Gallery_(Indonesia)" title="Melaka Gallery (Indonesia)">gallery</a> promoting the state was also established in <a href="/wiki/Jakarta" title="Jakarta">Jakarta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malacca&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Malacca_River_Walk_2012.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Malacca_River_Walk_2012.JPG/220px-Malacca_River_Walk_2012.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Malacca_River_Walk_2012.JPG/330px-Malacca_River_Walk_2012.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Malacca_River_Walk_2012.JPG/440px-Malacca_River_Walk_2012.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Malacca_River" title="Malacca River">Malacca River</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The state of Malacca covers an area of 1,775 km<sup>2</sup> (685 sq mi).<sup id="cite_ref-Laporan_Kiraan_Permulaan_2010_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Laporan_Kiraan_Permulaan_2010-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It located on the southwestern coast of the <a href="/wiki/Malay_Peninsula" title="Malay Peninsula">Malay Peninsula</a> opposite <a href="/wiki/Sumatra" title="Sumatra">Sumatra</a>, with the state of <a href="/wiki/Negeri_Sembilan" title="Negeri Sembilan">Negeri Sembilan</a> to the north and west and <a href="/wiki/Johor" title="Johor">Johor</a> to the east. Malacca is situated roughly two-thirds of the way down the west coast, 149 km (93 mi) south of <a href="/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur" title="Kuala Lumpur">Kuala Lumpur</a> and has a central position on the <a href="/wiki/Strait_of_Malacca" title="Strait of Malacca">Strait of Malacca</a>. With the exception of some of its <a href="/wiki/Inselberg" title="Inselberg">small hills</a>, Malacca is generally a lowland area with average elevation of less than 50 metres above sea level.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While being relatively isolated from the <a href="/wiki/Titiwangsa_Mountains" title="Titiwangsa Mountains">Titiwangsa Mountains</a> proper, which end near the border with <a href="/wiki/Negeri_Sembilan" title="Negeri Sembilan">Negeri Sembilan</a> at the neighbouring towns of <a href="/wiki/Pulau_Sebang" title="Pulau Sebang">Pulau Sebang</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tampin_(town)" title="Tampin (town)">Tampin</a>, the hills are composed of Titiwangsa <a href="/wiki/Granite" title="Granite">granite</a>. The southernmost known Titiwangsa granite outcrop is known to be in <a href="/wiki/Besar_Island,_Malacca" title="Besar Island, Malacca">Besar Island</a>, off the coast of <a href="/wiki/Jasin_District" title="Jasin District">Jasin District</a>. The 512-metre-tall Bukit Gapis, also known as Gunung Melaka, is the state's highest point. </p><p>The peninsula of <a href="/wiki/Tanjung_Tuan" title="Tanjung Tuan">Tanjung Tuan</a> (formerly known as Cape Rachado) is an exclave of the state, situated on the coast of Negeri Sembilan which it borders to the north. The major rivers within Malacca include the Malacca, Linggi and Kesang Rivers. <a href="/wiki/Malacca_River" title="Malacca River">Malacca River</a> (Sungai Melaka) runs roughly north to south down the middle of the state, <a href="/wiki/Linggi_River" title="Linggi River">Linggi River</a> acts as the western border of Malacca with <a href="/wiki/Negeri_Sembilan" title="Negeri Sembilan">Negeri Sembilan</a>, while <a href="/wiki/Kesang_River" title="Kesang River">Kesang River</a> acts as the eastern border of Malacca with <a href="/wiki/Johor" title="Johor">Johor</a>. Malacca has 17 islands off its coast, with <a href="/wiki/Besar_Island,_Malacca" title="Besar Island, Malacca">Besar Island</a> being the largest.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malacca&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The climate of Malacca is hot and humid throughout the year with abundant rainfall, highest between September and November. Daytime high temperatures range between 31 and 33 °C (88 and 91 °F) and nighttime lows around 23 °C (73 °F).<sup id="cite_ref-NOAA_(sun)_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NOAA_(sun)-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Malacca (1991–2020 normals) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF2B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.2<br />(95.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF1900; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">37.8<br />(100.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF1D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.2<br />(99.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF1C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.3<br />(99.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF1800; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38.0<br />(100.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF2E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.7<br />(94.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF2700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.7<br />(96.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF3200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.2<br />(93.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF2F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.6<br />(94.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF2800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.6<br />(96.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF3000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.4<br />(93.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF2F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.6<br />(94.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF1800; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">38.0<br />(100.4) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF4200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.8<br />(89.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF3B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.9<br />(91.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF3900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.2<br />(91.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF3A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.0<br />(91.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF3D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.6<br />(90.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF4000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.1<br />(89.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF4400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.6<br />(88.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF4400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.6<br />(88.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF4200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.8<br />(89.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF4000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.1<br />(89.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF4300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.7<br />(89.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF4600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.3<br />(88.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF4000; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">32.1<br />(89.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF6400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.9<br />(80.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF6000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.5<br />(81.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF5E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.8<br />(82.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF5D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.0<br />(82.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF5B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.2<br />(82.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF5D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.9<br />(82.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF6000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.5<br />(81.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF6100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.4<br />(81.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF6100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.4<br />(81.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF6100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.4<br />(81.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF6400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.9<br />(80.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF6600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.7<br />(80.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF6000; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">27.5<br />(81.5) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF7A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.7<br />(74.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF7900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.9<br />(75.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF7600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.3<br />(75.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF7500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.5<br />(76.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF7400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.6<br />(76.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF7500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.4<br />(75.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF7900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.9<br />(75.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF7900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.9<br />(75.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF7900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.9<br />(75.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF7800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.0<br />(75.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF7900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.9<br />(75.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF7900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.8<br />(74.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF7700; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">24.1<br />(75.4) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF8811; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.7<br />(71.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF860D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.0<br />(71.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF850B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.2<br />(72.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF8205; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.6<br />(72.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF8308; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.4<br />(72.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF850C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.1<br />(71.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF8710; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.8<br />(71.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF8710; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.8<br />(71.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF870F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.9<br />(71.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF850C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.1<br />(71.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF8409; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.3<br />(72.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF870F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.9<br />(71.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF8811; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">21.7<br />(71.1) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #66FF66; color:#000000;" class="notheme">102.1<br />(4.02) </td> <td style="background: #7CFF7C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">79.7<br />(3.14) </td> <td style="background: #3EFF3E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">129.1<br />(5.08) </td> <td style="background: #00FE00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">166.1<br />(6.54) </td> <td style="background: #05FF05; color:#000000;" class="notheme">167.3<br />(6.59) </td> <td style="background: #00F400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">172.6<br />(6.80) </td> <td style="background: #00D900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">196.0<br />(7.72) </td> <td style="background: #00B600; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">219.5<br />(8.64) </td> <td style="background: #06FF06; color:#000000;" class="notheme">161.7<br />(6.37) </td> <td style="background: #00E300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">189.4<br />(7.46) </td> <td style="background: #009700; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">233.1<br />(9.18) </td> <td style="background: #00F600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">177.1<br />(6.97) </td> <td style="background: #02FF02; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1,993.8<br />(78.50) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 1.0 mm)</span> </th> <td style="background: #9C9CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.0 </td> <td style="background: #A6A6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.5 </td> <td style="background: #8282FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.1 </td> <td style="background: #6767FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.9 </td> <td style="background: #7C7CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.6 </td> <td style="background: #8787FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.4 </td> <td style="background: #6E6EFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.7 </td> <td style="background: #6666FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12.4 </td> <td style="background: #6D6DFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.4 </td> <td style="background: #6969FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.1 </td> <td style="background: #3636FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">15.7 </td> <td style="background: #6464FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12.5 </td> <td style="background: #7474FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">132.3 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #D6D600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">193.0 </td> <td style="background: #DCDC00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">202.5 </td> <td style="background: #DBDB00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">214.8 </td> <td style="background: #DADA00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">207.5 </td> <td style="background: #DADA00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">210.5 </td> <td style="background: #D7D700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">193.9 </td> <td style="background: #D7D700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">201.3 </td> <td style="background: #D5D500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">191.2 </td> <td style="background: #D0D000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">171.5 </td> <td style="background: #D1D100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">179.6 </td> <td style="background: #C9C900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">156.9 </td> <td style="background: #CBCB00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">166.8 </td> <td style="background: #D6D600; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">2,289.5 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 1: <a href="/wiki/World_Meteorological_Organization" title="World Meteorological Organization">World Meteorological Organization</a><sup id="cite_ref-WMOCLINO_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WMOCLINO-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 2: NOAA<sup id="cite_ref-NOAA_(sun)_56-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NOAA_(sun)-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Urban_and_suburban_areas">Urban and suburban areas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malacca&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Urban and suburban areas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> 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style="top:5.405%;left:6.045%;font-size:90%"><div class="id" style="left:-0px;top:-0px"></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:1px"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Negeri_Sembilan" title="Negeri Sembilan"><i style="color: #666;"><b>Negeri Sembilan</b></i></a></b></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:44.906%;left:90.145%;font-size:90%"><div class="id" style="left:-0px;top:-0px"></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:1px"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Johor" title="Johor"><i style="color: #666;"><b>Johor</b></i></a></b></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:27.588%;left:32.326%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-0px;top:-0px"></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:1px"><div><a href="/wiki/Alor_Gajah_District" title="Alor Gajah District"><i style="color:gray;">Alor Gajah</i></a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:55.301%;left:75.69%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-0px;top:-0px"></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:1px"><div><a href="/wiki/Jasin_District" title="Jasin District"><i style="color:gray;">Jasin</i></a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:46.985%;left:41.524%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-0px;top:-0px"></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:1px"><div><a href="/wiki/Melaka_Tengah_District" title="Melaka Tengah District"><i style="color:gray;">Melaka Tengah</i></a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:66.861%;left:52.037%;font-size:90%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Malacca City"><img alt="Malacca City" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Malacca_City" title="Malacca City">Malacca City</a></b></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:27.588%;left:46.781%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Alor Gajah"><img alt="Alor Gajah" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/8px-Blue_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/12px-Blue_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/16px-Blue_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div><a href="/wiki/Alor_Gajah" title="Alor Gajah">Alor Gajah</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:42.723%;left:75.69%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Jasin"><img alt="Jasin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/8px-Blue_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/12px-Blue_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/16px-Blue_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div><a href="/wiki/Jasin_(town)" title="Jasin (town)">Jasin</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:51.83%;left:56.413%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Ayer Keroh"><img alt="Ayer Keroh" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/8px-Blue_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/12px-Blue_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/16px-Blue_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div><a href="/wiki/Ayer_Keroh" title="Ayer Keroh">Ayer Keroh</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:25.676%;left:90.145%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Pekan Asahan"><img alt="Pekan Asahan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/8px-Blue_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/12px-Blue_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/16px-Blue_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:5px"><div><a href="/wiki/Pekan_Asahan" title="Pekan Asahan">Pekan Asahan</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:55.301%;left:52.037%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Batu Berendam"><img alt="Batu Berendam" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/8px-Blue_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/12px-Blue_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/16px-Blue_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:5px"><div><a href="/wiki/Batu_Berendam" title="Batu Berendam">Batu Berendam</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:34.511%;left:34.52%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Masjid Tanah"><img alt="Masjid Tanah" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/8px-Blue_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/12px-Blue_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/16px-Blue_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div><a href="/wiki/Masjid_Tanah" title="Masjid Tanah">Masjid Tanah</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:41.435%;left:56.413%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Durian Tunggal"><img 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/12px-Blue_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/16px-Blue_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div><a href="/wiki/Merlimau" title="Merlimau">Merlimau</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:61.538%;left:45.466%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Klebang"><img alt="Klebang" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/8px-Blue_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/12px-Blue_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/16px-Blue_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div 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typeof="mw:File"><span title="Tanjung Kling"><img alt="Tanjung Kling" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/8px-Blue_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/12px-Blue_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/16px-Blue_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;bottom:5px;left:-3em"><div><a href="/wiki/Tanjung_Kling" title="Tanjung Kling">Tanjung Kling</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:83.015%;left:84.888%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Sungai Rambai"><img alt="Sungai Rambai" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/8px-Blue_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/12px-Blue_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/16px-Blue_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;bottom:5px;left:-3em"><div><a href="/wiki/Sungai_Rambai" title="Sungai Rambai">Sungai Rambai</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:49.064%;left:36.689%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Sungai Udang"><img alt="Sungai Udang" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/8px-Blue_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/12px-Blue_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/16px-Blue_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div><a href="/wiki/Sungai_Udang" title="Sungai Udang">Sungai Udang</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:47.796%;left:52.142%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Krubong"><img alt="Krubong" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/8px-Blue_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/12px-Blue_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/16px-Blue_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;bottom:5px;left:-3em"><div><a href="/wiki/Krubong" title="Krubong">Krubong</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:59.813%;left:56.413%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Bukit Katil"><img alt="Bukit Katil" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/8px-Blue_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/12px-Blue_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/16px-Blue_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div><a href="/wiki/Bukit_Katil" title="Bukit Katil">Bukit Katil</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:10.249%;left:73.942%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Batang Melaka"><img alt="Batang Melaka" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/8px-Blue_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/12px-Blue_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/16px-Blue_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:5px"><div><a href="/wiki/Batang_Melaka" title="Batang Melaka">Batang Melaka</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:10.249%;left:49.842%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Pulau Sebang"><img alt="Pulau Sebang" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/8px-Blue_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/12px-Blue_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/16px-Blue_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;top:5px;left:-3em"><div><a href="/wiki/Pulau_Sebang" title="Pulau Sebang">Pulau Sebang</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:27.9%;left:62.523%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Machap Baru"><img alt="Machap Baru" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/8px-Blue_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/12px-Blue_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/16px-Blue_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;bottom:5px;left:-3em"><div><a href="/wiki/Machap_Baru" title="Machap Baru">Machap Baru</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/8px-Blue_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/12px-Blue_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/16px-Blue_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:5px"><div><a href="/wiki/Peringgit" title="Peringgit">Peringgit</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:51.143%;left:69.12%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Bemban"><img alt="Bemban" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/8px-Blue_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/12px-Blue_pog.svg.png 1.5x, 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(Malacca)">Simpang Ampat</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:61.206%;left:54.586%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Bukit Baru"><img alt="Bukit Baru" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/8px-Blue_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/12px-Blue_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/16px-Blue_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;top:5px;left:-3em"><div><a href="/wiki/Bukit_Baru" title="Bukit Baru">Bukit Baru</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:72.62%;left:60.802%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Telok Mas"><img alt="Telok Mas" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/8px-Blue_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/12px-Blue_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/16px-Blue_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;bottom:5px;left:-3em"><div><a href="/wiki/Telok_Mas" title="Telok Mas">Telok Mas</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:31.04%;left:41.091%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Lendu"><img alt="Lendu" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/8px-Blue_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/12px-Blue_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/16px-Blue_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div><a href="/wiki/Lendu,_Alor_Gajah" title="Lendu, Alor Gajah">Lendu</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:17.193%;left:80.512%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Nyalas"><img alt="Nyalas" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/8px-Blue_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/12px-Blue_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/16px-Blue_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div><a href="/wiki/Nyalas" title="Nyalas">Nyalas</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:53.772%;left:49.446%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Cheng"><img alt="Cheng" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/8px-Blue_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/12px-Blue_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/16px-Blue_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:5px"><div><a href="/wiki/Cheng_Township" title="Cheng Township">Cheng</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:76.091%;left:69.553%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Serkam"><img alt="Serkam" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/8px-Blue_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/12px-Blue_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/16px-Blue_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div><a href="/wiki/Serkam" title="Serkam">Serkam</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:57.38%;left:55.848%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Bukit Beruang"><img alt="Bukit Beruang" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/8px-Blue_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/12px-Blue_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/16px-Blue_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;bottom:5px;left:-3em"><div><a href="/wiki/Bukit_Beruang" title="Bukit Beruang">Bukit Beruang</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:72.62%;left:65.611%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Umbai"><img alt="Umbai" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/8px-Blue_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/12px-Blue_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/16px-Blue_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div><a href="/wiki/Umbai" title="Umbai">Umbai</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:12.723%;left:28.581%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Lubuk China"><img alt="Lubuk China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/8px-Blue_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/12px-Blue_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/16px-Blue_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div><a href="/wiki/Lubuk_China" title="Lubuk China">Lubuk China</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:48.378%;left:47.661%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Paya Rumput"><img alt="Paya Rumput" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/8px-Blue_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/12px-Blue_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/16px-Blue_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;bottom:5px;left:-3em"><div><a href="/wiki/Paya_Rumput" title="Paya Rumput">Paya Rumput</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:24.491%;left:41.104%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Ayer Paabas"><img alt="Ayer Paabas" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/8px-Blue_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/12px-Blue_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/16px-Blue_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div><a href="/wiki/Ayer_Paabas" title="Ayer Paabas">Ayer Paabas</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:52.599%;left:52.365%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-6px;top:-6px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Int' Airport"><img alt="Int' Airport" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/BSicon_FLUGg.svg/12px-BSicon_FLUGg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/BSicon_FLUGg.svg/18px-BSicon_FLUGg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/BSicon_FLUGg.svg/24px-BSicon_FLUGg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;bottom:7px;left:-3em"><div><a href="/wiki/Malacca_International_Airport" title="Malacca International Airport"><i style="color:black">Int' Airport</i></a></div></div></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Malacca_location_map.svg" title="File:Malacca location map.svg">class=notpageimage| </a></div>A map of <b>Malacca</b> with the locations of the capital city of <a href="/wiki/Malacca_City" title="Malacca City">Malacca</a> and its suburbs, and other major towns.</div></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malacca&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Serkam_Industrial_Area.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Serkam_Industrial_Area.JPG/220px-Serkam_Industrial_Area.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Serkam_Industrial_Area.JPG/330px-Serkam_Industrial_Area.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Serkam_Industrial_Area.JPG/440px-Serkam_Industrial_Area.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1984" data-file-height="1488" /></a><figcaption>Serkam industrial area</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Melaka_International_Trade_Centre.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Melaka_International_Trade_Centre.jpg/220px-Melaka_International_Trade_Centre.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Melaka_International_Trade_Centre.jpg/330px-Melaka_International_Trade_Centre.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Melaka_International_Trade_Centre.jpg/440px-Melaka_International_Trade_Centre.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1984" data-file-height="1488" /></a><figcaption>Melaka International Trade Centre</figcaption></figure> <p>Despite being in a location without any significant natural resources, the economy of Malacca dates back more than 500 years, due to its strategic location. As the centre of the <a href="/wiki/Spice_trade" title="Spice trade">spice trade</a>, Malacca attracted many colonial powers that engaged in wars to control it.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Port of Tanjung Bruas, located in <a href="/wiki/Tanjung_Kling" title="Tanjung Kling">Tanjung Kling</a>, was constructed in the late 1970s and commenced operations in the early 1980s to provide port facilities and services to the local business communities and to handle the exportation of hinterland goods as well as the importation of raw materials.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Container ship handling services began in 2019, with the MV <i>West Scent</i> became the first container vessel to dock at the port.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Kuala_Sungai_Linggi" title="Port of Kuala Sungai Linggi">Port of Kuala Sungai Linggi</a>, commercially known as Linggi International Floating Transshipment & Trading HUB (LIFT-HUB), is a transshipment area for liquid bulk transshipments and break-bulking located offshore of <a href="/wiki/Linggi_River" title="Linggi River">Linggi River</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Strait_of_Malacca" title="Strait of Malacca">Strait of Malacca</a>. It was gazetted in 2006, covers an area of 154 km<sup>2</sup> (45 sq mi) and is among the largest designated <a href="/wiki/Ship-to-ship_cargo_transfer" title="Ship-to-ship cargo transfer">Ship-to-ship cargo transfer</a> areas in <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Sungai_Udang" title="Sungai Udang">Sungai Udang</a> houses the <a href="/wiki/Oil_refinery" title="Oil refinery">PETRONAS Malacca Refinery Complex</a> consisting of two refining trains, established in 1994 and 1999 and owned by PETRONAS Penapisan (Melaka) Sdn. Bhd. and Malaysian Refining Company Sdn. Bhd. respectively. The total capacity of the refinery is 270,000 barrels of oil per day.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Melaka_International_Trade_Centre" title="Melaka International Trade Centre">Melaka International Trade Centre</a> (MITC) in <a href="/wiki/Ayer_Keroh" title="Ayer Keroh">Ayer Keroh</a> which opened in June 2003 is the leading commercial centre and the centre for <a href="/wiki/Meetings,_incentives,_conferencing,_exhibitions" class="mw-redirect" title="Meetings, incentives, conferencing, exhibitions">meetings, incentives, conferencing and exhibitions</a> (MICE) which plays an important role in the development of trade in Malacca.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 20 October 2010 an event was held to announce that Malacca had met the benchmark of 'Developed State' as set out by the <a href="/wiki/Organisation_for_Economic_Co-operation_and_Development" class="mw-redirect" title="Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development">Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development</a> and a declaration of "Melaka Maju 2010" (Progressive Malacca 2010) was made.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of 2012<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Malacca&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, service sector had the largest share of Malacca's economy at 46.9%, followed by manufacturing at 43.5%, agriculture at 6.5%, construction at 2.9% and mining at 0.1%.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In terms workforce numbers, as of 2013<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Malacca&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, there were 275,000 people working in the industrial sectors, 225,000 people working in the service sectors, 35,000 people working in the entrepreneurship sectors and 12,300 people working in the agricultural sectors.<sup id="cite_ref-superuser_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-superuser-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Malacca has successfully opened itself up to foreign investors since the early 1970s. By 1997, the state has registered a total investment of over MYR16 billion. In 2014, the state achieved a total MYR4.4 billion worth of investment, in which MYR1.8 billion came from foreign investors.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2013, Malacca had a GDP of MYR22,646 million with a GDP per capita of MYR34,109. It had 3.2% GDP growth in 2013. The inflation rate in 2012 was 1.6%. As of 2015<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Malacca&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, the Malacca State Government has an outstanding MYR861.7 million of loan to the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Malaysia" title="Government of Malaysia">federal government</a>. In 2014, the state government's reserve amounted to MYR206.61 million.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The unemployment rate in 2014 was 0.9% or around 3,500 people.<sup id="cite_ref-statistics.gov.my_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-statistics.gov.my-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The state has a relatively well-educated population, with a youth literacy rate of 99.5% as reported by Malaysia Millennium Development Goals Report 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Currently there are 23 industrial areas which are centred along the edges of the city proper in suburbs which include Ayer Keroh, Batu Berendam, Cheng, Taman Tasik Utama and Tanjung Kling. While outside Malacca City, industrial areas include Alor Gajah and Sungai Udang. There are around 500 factories in the state which come from Germany, Japan, Singapore, Taiwan, United States etc. For <a href="/wiki/Small_and_medium-sized_enterprises" title="Small and medium-sized enterprises">small and medium-sized enterprises</a>, a number of estates have been established by the state government.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2016, Malacca became the safest place to live in Malaysia.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The state crime rates dropped by 15.5 per cent in 2017 with 3,096 cases recorded compared to 3,663 in 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Malacca recorded a gross domestic product (GDP) growth of 8.1% in 2017, the second highest in the country after Sabah. Services sector remained the main contributor to the state’s economy at 44.8% of GDP. The GDP per capita also expanded 11.2% to RM46,015 in 2017, surpassing the national-level figure of RM42,228.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The State Socioeconomic Report 2017 published on 26 July 2018 reported that Malacca was the state that recorded the lowest unemployment rate in 2017 with only 1.0 percent.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Utilities">Utilities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malacca&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Utilities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tanjung_Kling_Power_Station.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Tanjung_Kling_Power_Station.JPG/220px-Tanjung_Kling_Power_Station.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Tanjung_Kling_Power_Station.JPG/330px-Tanjung_Kling_Power_Station.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Tanjung_Kling_Power_Station.JPG/440px-Tanjung_Kling_Power_Station.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1984" data-file-height="1488" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Tanjung_Kling_Power_Station" title="Tanjung Kling Power Station">Tanjung Kling Power Station</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Durian_Tunggal_Reservoir.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Durian_Tunggal_Reservoir.JPG/220px-Durian_Tunggal_Reservoir.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Durian_Tunggal_Reservoir.JPG/330px-Durian_Tunggal_Reservoir.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Durian_Tunggal_Reservoir.JPG/440px-Durian_Tunggal_Reservoir.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1954" data-file-height="1466" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Durian_Tunggal_Reservoir" title="Durian Tunggal Reservoir">Durian Tunggal Reservoir</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Electric_supply">Electric supply</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malacca&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Electric supply"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Malacca houses three power stations, namely the 330 MW <a href="/wiki/Tanjung_Kling_Power_Station" title="Tanjung Kling Power Station">Tanjung Kling Power Station</a> in <a href="/wiki/Tanjung_Kling" title="Tanjung Kling">Tanjung Kling</a> and 440 MW Telok Gong Power Station 1 and 720 MW Telok Gong Power Station 2 in <a href="/wiki/Telok_Gong" title="Telok Gong">Telok Gong</a>, with a total installed generation capacity of 1,490 MW.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Green_energy">Green energy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malacca&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Green energy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 16 December 2013, the Malacca State Government unveiled the draft 8,000 hectares special area called the Melaka World Solar Valley in Rembia, <a href="/wiki/Alor_Gajah" title="Alor Gajah">Alor Gajah</a> applying solar energy as the primary alternative in all municipal activity sectors.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 2020, the government-run 7,248ha Melaka World Solar Valley aims to power most of the daily activities of manufacturers, housing developers, farmers, and other stakeholders. Recently, a public-private partnership installed 100,000 LED street lamps along the Alor Gajah–Melaka Tengah–Jasin (AMJ) highway, which will improve road safety and reduce carbon dioxide emissions.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Water_supply">Water supply</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malacca&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Water supply"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Water supply-related matters in Malacca is administered by <a href="/wiki/Syarikat_Air_Melaka" title="Syarikat Air Melaka">Syarikat Air Melaka</a> Berhad (Malacca Water Company Limited) which is headquartered at Malacca City. It was established on 1 July 2006 after it was upgraded from its predecessor Malacca Water Corporation (<a href="/wiki/Malay_language" title="Malay language">Malay</a>: <i lang="ms">Perbadanan Air Melaka</i>). The company is also responsible for the maintenance and delivery infrastructure of clean water in the state.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Currently, there are three dams located in Malacca supplying its residents with water, which are <a href="/wiki/Durian_Tunggal_Reservoir" title="Durian Tunggal Reservoir">Durian Tunggal Dam</a> in <a href="/wiki/Alor_Gajah" title="Alor Gajah">Alor Gajah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jus_Reservoir" title="Jus Reservoir">Jus Dam</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Asahan_Reservoir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Asahan Reservoir (page does not exist)">Asahan Dam</a> in <a href="/wiki/Jasin_District" title="Jasin District">Jasin</a>. The fourth dam, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jernih_Dam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jernih Dam (page does not exist)">Jernih Dam</a>, will be constructed in Taboh Naning in Alor Gajah and expected to be completed by 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are three major <a href="/wiki/Retention_basin" title="Retention basin">retention basins</a> in the state, which are Kesang Satu Lake, Kesang Dua Lake and <a href="/wiki/Ayer_Keroh_Lake" title="Ayer Keroh Lake">Ayer Keroh Lake</a>. Raw water is supplied from the <a href="/wiki/Malacca_River" title="Malacca River">Malacca River</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kesang_River" title="Kesang River">Kesang River</a> and Gerisik River.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Daily water consumption for Malacca is 500 million litres and each resident consumes 220 litres per day, higher than the national average of 180 litres per day. The Malacca State Government signed an agreement with Johor State Government on a water supply agreement in 1993 and additional water supply agreement in 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another water supply agreement is planned to be signed with <a href="/wiki/Negeri_Sembilan" title="Negeri Sembilan">Negeri Sembilan</a> in the future.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transportation">Transportation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malacca&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Transportation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:New_Malacca_Airport.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/New_Malacca_Airport.jpg/220px-New_Malacca_Airport.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/New_Malacca_Airport.jpg/330px-New_Malacca_Airport.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/New_Malacca_Airport.jpg/440px-New_Malacca_Airport.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2665" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Malacca_International_Airport" title="Malacca International Airport">Malacca International Airport</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Beautiful_Rickshaw.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Beautiful_Rickshaw.jpg/220px-Beautiful_Rickshaw.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="290" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Beautiful_Rickshaw.jpg/330px-Beautiful_Rickshaw.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Beautiful_Rickshaw.jpg/440px-Beautiful_Rickshaw.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2609" data-file-height="3441" /></a><figcaption>Elaborately decorated rickshaws are available in Malacca</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Air">Air</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malacca&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Air"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Malacca_International_Airport" title="Malacca International Airport">Malacca International Airport</a> (IATA: MKZ, ICAO: WMKM) (formerly known as Batu Berendam Airport) is an airport located in Batu Berendam, Malacca, Malaysia. The airport serves the state of Malacca, as well as northern Johor, with links to <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a> provided by <a href="/wiki/Scoot" title="Scoot">Scoot</a> since October 2024.<sup id="cite_ref-businesstraveller.com_93-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-businesstraveller.com-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur_International_Airport" title="Kuala Lumpur International Airport">Kuala Lumpur International Airport</a> is a two-hour drive from <a href="/wiki/Malacca_City" title="Malacca City">Malacca City</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Railway">Railway</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malacca&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Railway"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are currently two <a href="/wiki/Keretapi_Tanah_Melayu" title="Keretapi Tanah Melayu">Keretapi Tanah Melayu</a> railway stations in Malacca, which are the <a href="/wiki/Pulau_Sebang/Tampin_railway_station" title="Pulau Sebang/Tampin railway station">Pulau Sebang/Tampin Station</a> in <a href="/wiki/Pulau_Sebang" title="Pulau Sebang">Pulau Sebang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alor_Gajah" title="Alor Gajah">Alor Gajah</a> and <a href="/wiki/Batang_Melaka_railway_station" title="Batang Melaka railway station">Batang Melaka Station</a> in <a href="/wiki/Batang_Melaka" title="Batang Melaka">Batang Melaka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jasin_District" title="Jasin District">Jasin</a>. </p><p>There were railway tracks from <a href="/wiki/Pulau_Sebang" title="Pulau Sebang">Pulau Sebang</a> to Malacca City before World War II, but these were dismantled by the Japanese for the construction of the <a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Burmese</a> <a href="/wiki/Death_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Death Railway">Death Railway</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 10 October 2015, Keretapi Tanah Melayu Berhad (KTMB) commuter service has introduced a new route, shuttle service between Seremban-Sebang/Tampin-Gemas station.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A 1.6-km line of <a href="/wiki/Melaka_Monorail" title="Melaka Monorail">Melaka Monorail</a> was launched in October 2010, served the route along the <a href="/wiki/Malacca_River" title="Malacca River">Malacca River</a>. Due to several technical glitches months into its operation, the system was left idle in 2013. However, in June 2015 the Malacca State Government decided to revive the project.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 4 December 2017, Melaka Monorail has re-operate<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with enhanced safety features such as lightning-prevention devices and the addition of a rescue vehicle to attract wagons in the event of a technical problem.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The previous incident is believed will not recur as tests had been performed for two months before re-operation. The Melaka Monorail operating hours are 10.00 am to 10.00 pm on weekdays and continued until 12.00 midnight on Saturdays and Sundays.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Water">Water</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malacca&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Water"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Daily ferries run from Malacca to the Indonesian cities of <a href="/wiki/Bengkalis" title="Bengkalis">Bengkalis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dumai" title="Dumai">Dumai</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pekanbaru" title="Pekanbaru">Pekanbaru</a> departing from Harbour Master's Jetty.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Regular boat services to <a href="/wiki/Big_Island,_Malaysia" class="mw-redirect" title="Big Island, Malaysia">Big Island</a> depart from mainland Malacca in <a href="/wiki/Umbai" title="Umbai">Umbai</a>. Several jetties around the state, such as in <a href="/wiki/Merlimau" title="Merlimau">Merlimau</a>, are used by fishermen.<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Two existing container ports in Malacca are the <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Kuala_Sungai_Linggi" title="Port of Kuala Sungai Linggi">Port of Kuala Sungai Linggi</a> and Port of Tanjung Bruas.<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Road">Road</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malacca&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Road"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Travelling to Malacca by bus is favored by most people. This is because Malacca is well connected to the <a href="/wiki/PLUS_Expressways" title="PLUS Expressways">PLUS highway</a> via three major exits. The Ayer Keroh exit at the <a href="/wiki/North%E2%80%93South_Expressway_(Malaysia)" title="North–South Expressway (Malaysia)">North–South Expressway</a> is the main entry to Malacca, connected by <a href="/wiki/Lebuh_Ayer_Keroh" class="mw-redirect" title="Lebuh Ayer Keroh">Ayer Keroh highway</a> to <a href="/wiki/Malacca_City" title="Malacca City">Malacca City</a>. There are two additional exits along the North–South Expressway, namely the Simpang Ampat and Jasin exits. The <a href="/wiki/Jalan_Syed_Abdullah_Aziz" class="mw-redirect" title="Jalan Syed Abdullah Aziz">Syed Abdullah Aziz Road</a> or Malacca Coastal Highway roughly connects the western and eastern sides of Malacca separated by the <a href="/wiki/Malacca_River" title="Malacca River">Malacca River</a> through the <a href="/wiki/Malacca_Coastal_Bridge" title="Malacca Coastal Bridge">Malacca Coastal Bridge</a>. It is also easy to access Malacca by bus because Malacca has three main bus hubs such as Melaka Sentral, Alor Gajah Sentral and Jasin Sentral. The location of the bus stations are based on their districts, <a href="/wiki/Central_Melaka_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Melaka District">Melaka Tengah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alor_Gajah" title="Alor Gajah">Alor Gajah</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jasin_District" title="Jasin District">Jasin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Melaka_Sentral" title="Melaka Sentral">Melaka Sentral</a> bus station, combined with taxi terminal, serves cities around <a href="/wiki/Peninsular_Malaysia" title="Peninsular Malaysia">Peninsular Malaysia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Panorama Melaka bus is the public bus serving Malacca City and major landmarks.<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Efforts are also being undertaken to promote pedestrianisation and the use of bicycles as an environmentally friendly mode of transportation.<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dedicated bicycle lanes are being built on several main roads in this historic city.<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many of the heavily decorated <a href="/wiki/Cycle_rickshaw" title="Cycle rickshaw">cycle rickshaws</a> (<a href="/wiki/Malay_language" title="Malay language">Malay</a>: <i>beca</i>) equipped with sound system can be seen on the streets in Malacca City. Most of them are used to bring tourist around the town for sightseeing. The average size can accommodate two average adult with probably a child.<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malacca&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ethnicities">Ethnicities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malacca&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Ethnicities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236656977">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale" style="width:15em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 0.5em;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Historical population</caption><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Percent change" class="abbr-header">±%</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1970 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">404,125</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1980 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">446,769</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+10.6%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1991 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">506,321</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+13.3%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2000 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">605,239</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+19.5%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">2010 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">790,136</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+30.5%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2020 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">998,428</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+26.4%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000)"><div class="center"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Notice plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-notice" role="presentation" style="width:100%;margin:0;"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/60px-Information_icon4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/80px-Information_icon4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text" style="text-align: left;"><div class="mbox-text-span">Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on <a href="https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334940" class="extiw" title="phab:T334940">Phabricator</a> and on <a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:Graph/Plans" class="extiw" title="mw:Extension:Graph/Plans">MediaWiki.org</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left">Source: <sup id="cite_ref-2020KF_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2020KF-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Malacca has an estimated population of 931,210 as of 2016<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Malacca&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> with an average annual population growth of 2%.<sup id="cite_ref-statistics.gov.my_74-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-statistics.gov.my-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-melaka.gov.my_111-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-melaka.gov.my-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2016<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Malacca&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, 27% of the population were below 15 years old and 8% were above 60 years old.<sup id="cite_ref-superuser_71-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-superuser-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ethnic composition of Malacca as of 2015 is 66.8% <a href="/wiki/Malays_(ethnic_group)" title="Malays (ethnic group)">Malays</a> (552,700), 1.4% other Bumiputras (11,500), 26.0% <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Chinese" title="Malaysian Chinese">Chinese</a> (215,000), 6.2% <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Indians" title="Malaysian Indians">Indians</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chitty" title="Chitty">Chitty</a> (51,400) and 0.6% others (4,800).<sup id="cite_ref-2015_population_112-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2015_population-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Malacca has small communities of <a href="/wiki/Kristang_people" title="Kristang people">Kristang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dutch_people" title="Dutch people">Dutch Eurasian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Temuan_people" title="Temuan people">Temuan</a> people. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Malays" title="Malaysian Malays">Malay</a> population of Malacca is generally divided into two cultural groups: those practicing Adat Temenggong<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag needs further explanation. (December 2023)">further explanation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> and the other who are ethnically of <a href="/wiki/Minangkabau_people" title="Minangkabau people">Minangkabau</a> origin practicing <a href="/wiki/Adat_Perpatih" class="mw-redirect" title="Adat Perpatih">Adat Perpatih</a> in <a href="/wiki/Naning" title="Naning">Naning</a> northside (absorbed from <a href="/wiki/Negeri_Sembilan" title="Negeri Sembilan">Negeri Sembilan</a> following the <a href="/wiki/Naning_War" title="Naning War">Naning War</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The remaining traditional Malay village in Malacca City is the <a href="/wiki/Morten_Village" class="mw-redirect" title="Morten Village">Morten Village</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Jonker_Walk" title="Jonker Walk">Jonker Walk</a> is the <a href="/wiki/Chinatown" title="Chinatown">Chinatown</a> area of Malacca. It was once known for its antique shops but have since turned into a well-known tourist destination that features clothes, food and crafts. The <a href="/wiki/Peranakan" class="mw-redirect" title="Peranakan">Peranakan</a> people in Malacca show unique features, such as furniture, porcelain, crockery, style and food. Their culture is showcased at the <a href="/wiki/Baba_Nyonya_Heritage_Museum" title="Baba Nyonya Heritage Museum">Baba Nyonya Heritage Museum</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Indians" title="Malaysian Indians">Indians</a> in Malacca are predominantly Tamils, many of whom used to work at the rubber plantation.<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, many of them now work in the jewellery, fabric, retail, merchant and money lending sectors.<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many of them reside in <a href="/wiki/Little_India,_Malacca" title="Little India, Malacca">Little India</a>. There is also Chitty Village for the minority <a href="/wiki/Chitty" title="Chitty">Chitty</a> people which houses the <a href="/wiki/Chitty_Museum" title="Chitty Museum">Chitty Museum</a>. </p><p>A small number of <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Malayali" class="mw-redirect" title="Malaysian Malayali">Malayalees</a> who speak <a href="/wiki/Malayalam_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Malayalam language">Malayalam</a> and <a href="/wiki/Telugus" class="mw-redirect" title="Telugus">Telugus</a> who speak <a href="/wiki/Telugu_language" title="Telugu language">Telugu</a> exist among the Indians in Malacca. <a href="/wiki/All_Malaysia_Malayalee_Association" title="All Malaysia Malayalee Association">Malacca Kerala Samajam</a> is an association that represents the <a href="/wiki/Malayalam_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Malayalam language">Malayalam</a> speaking community in Malacca. A branch of <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Telugu" class="mw-redirect" title="Malaysian Telugu">Telugu Association Malaysia</a> is situated in <a href="/wiki/Ayer_Keroh" title="Ayer Keroh">Ayer Keroh</a> to represent the <a href="/wiki/Telugu_language" title="Telugu language">Telugu</a> speaking community in Malacca. </p><p>A sizeable number of <a href="/wiki/Punjabis" title="Punjabis">Punjabi</a> <a href="/wiki/Sikhs" title="Sikhs">Sikhs</a> residing in Malacca, and Sikhs from Malacca and abroad congregate in the <a href="/wiki/Gurdwara" title="Gurdwara">gurdwara</a> (Sikh temple) situated in Jalan Temenggong.<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They celebrate the Guru Nanak's birthday and Vasakhi new year annually. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Portuguese_Settlement.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Portuguese_Settlement.JPG/220px-Portuguese_Settlement.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Portuguese_Settlement.JPG/330px-Portuguese_Settlement.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Portuguese_Settlement.JPG/440px-Portuguese_Settlement.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1984" data-file-height="1488" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Settlement,_Malacca" title="Portuguese Settlement, Malacca">Portuguese Settlement (Saint John's Village)</a></figcaption></figure> <p>A <a href="/wiki/Kristang_people" title="Kristang people">population of Portuguese descent</a>, who speak a Portuguese creole, are the descendants of colonists from the 16th and 17th centuries.<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To this day, many of the traditions originating with the Portuguese occupation are still practised, i.e. "Intrudu" from Portuguese word "Entrudo" (a water festival that marks the beginning of <a href="/wiki/Lent" title="Lent">Lent</a>, the Catholic fasting period), "branyu" (traditional dance), "Santa Cruz" (a yearly Festival of street celebrations). Many of them settled down around the <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Settlement,_Malacca" title="Portuguese Settlement, Malacca">Portuguese Settlement</a> area, which has a population of about 1,200 residents.<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Orang_Asli" title="Orang Asli">indigenous</a> population, mostly ethnic <a href="/wiki/Temuan_people" title="Temuan people">Temuan</a> is relatively small. They generally reside in rural settlements, the edge of the woods and along the coast facing the Strait of Malacca. Malacca houses the <a href="/wiki/Aborigines_Museum" title="Aborigines Museum">Aborigines Museum</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ayer_Keroh" title="Ayer Keroh">Ayer Keroh</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-melaka.gov.my1_120-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-melaka.gov.my1-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Languages">Languages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malacca&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Languages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Malacca is a multi-linguistic state. <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Malay" title="Malaysian Malay">Malaysian Malay</a> is the official language of Malacca and is used in the government and public sectors. English is widely used in the business and tourism sectors. A <a href="/wiki/Malayic_languages" title="Malayic languages">local form of Malay</a>, known as Malaccan Malay is spoken within the state of Malacca. It has its own distinct pronunciation and vocabulary compared to the rest of Malaysia. Other minority languages such as <a href="/wiki/Southern_Peninsular_Malaysian_Hokkien" title="Southern Peninsular Malaysian Hokkien">Hokkien</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mandarin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Mandarin language">Mandarin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Tamil" title="Malaysian Tamil">Tamil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malayalam_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Malayalam language">Malayalam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Telugu_language" title="Telugu language">Telugu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Punjabi_language" title="Punjabi language">Punjabi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kristang_language" title="Kristang language">Kristang</a> (<a href="/wiki/Portuguese-based_creole_languages" title="Portuguese-based creole languages">Portuguese creole</a>) and various <a href="/wiki/Malay_trade_and_creole_languages" title="Malay trade and creole languages">Malay-based creoles</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Baba_Malay" class="mw-redirect" title="Baba Malay">Baba Malay</a> and <a href="/wiki/Malaccan_Creole_Malay" class="mw-redirect" title="Malaccan Creole Malay">Malaccan Creole Malay</a> are also spoken.<sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Temuan_language" title="Temuan language">Temuan language</a> is commonly spoken by Orang Asli within Malacca. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religions">Religions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malacca&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Religions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="notheme barbox tright" style="overflow-x: auto;"> <div style="border:1px solid silver; font-size:88%; padding:0.4em; width:auto; background: white; color: black;"> <table style="text-align:left; border-collapse:collapse; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr style="background:"><th style="text-align:center;" colspan="5">Religion in Malacca - 2010 Census<sup id="cite_ref-2010_stats_122-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2010_stats-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th></tr> <tr style="font-size:88%; height:4px;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; text-align:left;">religion</td> <td style="width:100px; text-align:left;"></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; width:1em; text-align:right;">percent</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:Green; width:66.1%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">66.1%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:Yellow; width:24.2%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">24.2%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:Orange; width:5.7%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">5.7%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:Blue; width:3.0%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">3.0%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Unknown / None</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:Brown; width:0.4%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">0.4%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Folk_Religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese Folk Religion">Chinese Ethnic Religion</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:Magenta; width:0.2%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">0.2%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Others</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:Gray; width:0.2%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">0.2%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Irreligion" title="Irreligion">No Religion</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:Black; width:0.2%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">0.2%</td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> </div> <p>According to the 2010 census, the population of Malacca is 66.1% <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslim</a>, 24.2% <a href="/wiki/Buddhist" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddhist">Buddhist</a>, 5.7% <a href="/wiki/Hindu" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu">Hindu</a>, 3.0% <a href="/wiki/Christians" title="Christians">Christian</a>, 0.4% of unknown affiliation, 0.2% non-religious, 0.2% <a href="/wiki/Taoism" title="Taoism">Taoist</a> or <a href="/wiki/Chinese_folk_religion" title="Chinese folk religion">Chinese religion</a> follower, and 0.2% of followers of other religions.<sup id="cite_ref-2010_stats_122-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2010_stats-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Statistics from the 2010 census indicate that 91.6% of the Chinese population in Malacca identify as Buddhists, with significant minorities identifying as Christians (6.7%), <a href="/wiki/Chinese_folk_religion" title="Chinese folk religion">Chinese folk religions</a> (0.7%) and Muslims (0.4%). The majority of the Indian population are Hindus (86.3%), with significant minorities identifying as Christians (6.6%), Muslims (3.4%) and Buddhists (2.8%). The non-Malay <i><a href="/wiki/Bumiputera_(Malaysia)" title="Bumiputera (Malaysia)">bumiputera</a></i> community are predominantly Christians (46.8%), with significant minorities identifying as Muslims (24.2%) and Buddhists (12.0%).<sup id="cite_ref-demographics_123-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-demographics-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As the <a href="/wiki/Article_160_of_the_Constitution_of_Malaysia" title="Article 160 of the Constitution of Malaysia">definition of a "Malay" in the Malaysian constitution</a> requires that the person professes the religion of Islam, all Malays are necessarily Muslims.<sup id="cite_ref-demographics_123-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-demographics-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malacca&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_schools_in_Malacca" title="List of schools in Malacca">List of schools in Malacca</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Catholic_High_School,_Melaka_-_Outside_view_of_hall.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Catholic_High_School%2C_Melaka_-_Outside_view_of_hall.jpg/220px-Catholic_High_School%2C_Melaka_-_Outside_view_of_hall.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Catholic_High_School%2C_Melaka_-_Outside_view_of_hall.jpg/330px-Catholic_High_School%2C_Melaka_-_Outside_view_of_hall.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Catholic_High_School%2C_Melaka_-_Outside_view_of_hall.jpg/440px-Catholic_High_School%2C_Melaka_-_Outside_view_of_hall.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Catholic_High_School,_Melaka" title="Catholic High School, Melaka">Catholic High School</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Melaka_High_School.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Melaka_High_School.jpg/220px-Melaka_High_School.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Melaka_High_School.jpg/330px-Melaka_High_School.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Melaka_High_School.jpg/440px-Melaka_High_School.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1984" data-file-height="1488" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Malacca_High_School" title="Malacca High School">Malacca High School</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Technical_University_of_Malaysia_Melaka_-_City_Campus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Technical_University_of_Malaysia_Melaka_-_City_Campus.jpg/220px-Technical_University_of_Malaysia_Melaka_-_City_Campus.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Technical_University_of_Malaysia_Melaka_-_City_Campus.jpg/330px-Technical_University_of_Malaysia_Melaka_-_City_Campus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Technical_University_of_Malaysia_Melaka_-_City_Campus.jpg/440px-Technical_University_of_Malaysia_Melaka_-_City_Campus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1942" data-file-height="1457" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Universiti_Teknikal_Malaysia_Melaka" title="Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka">Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka</a> City Campus in <a href="/wiki/Ayer_Keroh" title="Ayer Keroh">Ayer Keroh</a></figcaption></figure> <p>As of 2022, there are 238 primary schools and 78 secondary schools in Malacca.<sup id="cite_ref-Senarai_sekolah_125-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Senarai_sekolah-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Malacca_High_School" title="Malacca High School">Malacca High School</a> is the second oldest recorded school in the country. The <a href="/wiki/Catholic_High_School,_Melaka" title="Catholic High School, Melaka">Catholic High School</a> was the first government-funded school in the state.<sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One branch of centre for juvenile convicts, <a href="/wiki/Henry_Gurney_School" title="Henry Gurney School">Henry Gurney School</a>, is located in Telok Mas. This centre runs rehabilitation programs for male juvenile offenders. Additionally, Malacca has eight international schools staffed by expatriate teachers, which are specialise in teaching Cambridge International A Levels and cater for both the local and expatriate communities. </p><p>Institutions include: <a href="/wiki/Universiti_Teknikal_Malaysia_Melaka" title="Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka">Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka</a> (UTeM), <a href="/wiki/Universiti_Teknologi_MARA" title="Universiti Teknologi MARA">Universiti Teknologi MARA</a> (UiTM) campuses that are located at Lendu, Malacca City and Jasin, Manipal University College Malaysia (MUCM) in Bukit Baru is the foremost institution for medical education in the state, <a href="/wiki/Multimedia_University" title="Multimedia University">Multimedia University</a> (MMU) at <a href="/wiki/Bukit_Beruang" title="Bukit Beruang">Bukit Beruang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Maritime_Academy" title="Malaysian Maritime Academy">Malaysian Maritime Academy</a> (ALAM) at Kuala Sungai Baru, <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Han_Studies" title="Malaysian Han Studies">Malaysian Han Studies</a> (MAHANS) at <a href="/wiki/Hang_Tuah_Jaya" title="Hang Tuah Jaya">Hang Tuah Jaya</a>. </p><p>There are several institutions that offer nursing education: Institut Kesihatan Sains & Kejururawatan Pantai, Institut Sains Kesihatan Dan Kejururawatan Mahkota, Kolej Kejururawatan & Kesihatan Nilam, and Kolej Perubatan Komplementari Melaka. Institut Kesihatan Sains & Kejururawatan Pantai is linked to Pantai Hospital at Ayer keroh while Institut Sains Kesihatan Dan Kejururawatan Mahkota is linked to Mahkota Medical Centre. </p><p>Skill-Tech Institute provides training in agriculture, homestay, biotechnology, ranching, aquaculture, estate supervision, landscaping, and food processing. It has two branches in Machap, Durian Tunggal and Taman Tasik Utama, Ayer Keroh.<sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Part-time study is available at <a href="/wiki/Open_University_Malaysia" title="Open University Malaysia">Open University Malaysia</a> (OUM), while those who wish to obtain an academic diploma can enroll at <a href="/wiki/University_of_Malaya" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Malaya">University of Malaya</a> Centre for Continuing Education (UMCCE) at Sinar College. </p><p>Association of Chartered Certified Accountants (ACCA) lectures and examinations are provided at Sinar College at Malacca City. Sinar College is the only institution in the state that offers complete accounting education. Sinar College is the only approved training centre for tourism courses. Other academic institutions include International College of Yayasan Melaka (ICYM), <a href="/wiki/Melaka_International_College_of_Science_and_Technology" title="Melaka International College of Science and Technology">Melaka International College of Science and Technology</a> (MiCoST)<sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Malacca_College_of_Complementary_Medicine" title="Malacca College of Complementary Medicine">Malacca College of Complementary Medicine</a>. </p><p>The state government of Malacca provides financial assistance mainly in the form of loans to local citizens via Malacca Education Trust Fund (TAPEM).<sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Among the facilities provided by TAPEM are Higher Education Loan, Minor Scholarship/Incentive Scholarship for Secondary School, and School Assistance to Primary School Students.<sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Healthcare">Healthcare</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malacca&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Healthcare"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Malacca_General_Hospital_main_building.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Malacca_General_Hospital_main_building.jpg/220px-Malacca_General_Hospital_main_building.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Malacca_General_Hospital_main_building.jpg/330px-Malacca_General_Hospital_main_building.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Malacca_General_Hospital_main_building.jpg/440px-Malacca_General_Hospital_main_building.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4272" data-file-height="2335" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Malacca_General_Hospital" title="Malacca General Hospital">Malacca General Hospital</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Malacca houses a number of government and private hospitals and clinics. Medical institutions are located all over Malacca, providing uniform and equitable healthcare to the residents. Health-related affairs in Malacca are governed by Malacca State Health Department by providing basic health service to the residents and oversee all government health facilities in the state among hospitals, community polyclinic, rural health clinics and clinics.<sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Malacca is also a popular place for health care and <a href="/wiki/Medical_tourism" title="Medical tourism">medical tourism</a> for Indonesian people from <a href="/wiki/Sumatra" title="Sumatra">Sumatra</a> due to its close proximity to the state, followed by <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2014, Malacca received over 500,000 tourists for medical tourism-related reasons.<sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Government hospitals in Malacca are the <a href="/wiki/Malacca_General_Hospital" title="Malacca General Hospital">Malacca General Hospital</a> and Jasin District Hospital, while private hospitals are the Putra Hospital, Pantai Hospital Ayer Keroh, Mahkota Medical Centre and Oriental Melaka Straits Medical Centre. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malacca&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Arts">Arts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malacca&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Arts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Dondang_Sayang" title="Dondang Sayang">Dondang Sayang</a> is a traditional Malay art still practised in Malacca by four communities: the Malay, Baba Nyonya, Chitty and Portuguese communities and is recognized by <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a>. The practice combines elements of music (violins, gongs and tambourines or the tambour), songs and chants, and features melodious strains of poetry. Also known as love ballads, the songs are used by communities to convey feelings of love and give advice on special topics such as love and kindness.<sup id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-136" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>ProjectARM was a street art project brought about by nine artists to create street art along the river in Jalan Kampung Hulu that would highlight Malacca's beauty.<sup id="cite_ref-137" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-138" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Media">Media</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malacca&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Malacca is a popular filming location for domestic and international film production companies with the presence of various tourist attractions and historical remains. Iconic Bollywood artist, <a href="/wiki/Shah_Rukh_Khan" title="Shah Rukh Khan">Shah Rukh Khan</a> described Malacca as beautiful and said he would return for acting and holiday in the state.<sup id="cite_ref-139" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The films and the music videos published in Malacca include: </p> <ul><li>1987 - <i><a href="/wiki/Tragic_Hero_(film)" title="Tragic Hero (film)">Tragic Hero</a></i>, starring <a href="/wiki/Andy_Lau" title="Andy Lau">Andy Lau</a>. Part of this Hong Kong movie was filmed in Malacca.<sup id="cite_ref-140" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1999 - <i><a href="/wiki/Entrapment_(film)" title="Entrapment (film)">Entrapment</a></i>, starring <a href="/wiki/Sean_Connery" title="Sean Connery">Sean Connery</a>, <a href="/wiki/Catherine_Zeta-Jones" title="Catherine Zeta-Jones">Catherine Zeta-Jones</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kee_Thuan_Chye" title="Kee Thuan Chye">Kee Thuan Chye</a>, Malaysian actor. Part of the <a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_United_States" title="Cinema of the United States">Hollywood</a> movie was shot at <a href="/wiki/Malacca_River" title="Malacca River">Malacca River</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-141" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2001 - <i><a href="/wiki/One_2_Ka_4" title="One 2 Ka 4">One 2 Ka 4</a></i>, starring <a href="/wiki/Shah_Rukh_Khan" title="Shah Rukh Khan">Shah Rukh Khan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Juhi_Chawla" title="Juhi Chawla">Juhi Chawla</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jackie_Shroff" title="Jackie Shroff">Jackie Shroff</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-142" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2008 - Singaporean drama series <i><a href="/wiki/The_Little_Nyonya" title="The Little Nyonya">The Little Nyonya</a></i>, starring <a href="/wiki/Jeanette_Aw" title="Jeanette Aw">Jeanette Aw</a> and <a href="/wiki/Qi_Yuwu" title="Qi Yuwu">Qi Yuwu</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-143" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-143"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>143<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2011 - <i><a href="/wiki/Don_2" title="Don 2">Don 2</a></i>, starring <a href="/wiki/Shah_Rukh_Khan" title="Shah Rukh Khan">Shah Rukh Khan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Priyanka_Chopra" title="Priyanka Chopra">Priyanka Chopra</a>. Malacca Prison were among the filming set of the <a href="/wiki/Bollywood" class="mw-redirect" title="Bollywood">Bollywood</a> movie.<sup id="cite_ref-144" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-144"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>144<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2013 - <i>Suami Aku Ustaz</i>, starring <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ady_Putra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ady Putra (page does not exist)">Ady Putra</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ady_Putra" class="extiw" title="ms:Ady Putra">ms</a>]</sup>, <a href="/wiki/Nora_Danish" title="Nora Danish">Nora Danish</a> and <a href="/wiki/Izzue_Islam" title="Izzue Islam">Izzue Islam</a>. The filming is fully carried out at several locations in Malacca.<sup id="cite_ref-145" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2016 - <i><a href="/wiki/Kabali_(film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kabali (film)">Kabali</a></i>, starring <a href="/wiki/Rajinikanth" title="Rajinikanth">Rajinikanth</a>. Malacca Contingent Police Headquarters and Sungai Udang Prison were filming sites for <a href="/wiki/Kollywood" class="mw-redirect" title="Kollywood">Kollywood</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-146" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-146"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>146<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2016 - <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ayda_Jebat%27s&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ayda Jebat's (page does not exist)">Ayda Jebat's</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayda_Jebat" class="extiw" title="ms:Ayda Jebat">ms</a>]</sup> <i>Pencuri Hati</i> music video (dangdut version).<sup id="cite_ref-147" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-147"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>147<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2017 - Malaysian drama series <i>Hikayat Cinta Si Pematah Hati</i>, starring <a href="/wiki/Alif_Satar" title="Alif Satar">Alif Satar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-148" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-148"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>148<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2018 - Malaysian telemovie <i>Aku Nazmi</i> starring <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jay_Iswazir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jay Iswazir (page does not exist)">Jay Iswazir</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jay_Iswazir" class="extiw" title="ms:Jay Iswazir">ms</a>]</sup>, <a href="/wiki/Ayda_Jebat" title="Ayda Jebat">Ayda Jebat</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sheila_Rusly&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sheila Rusly (page does not exist)">Sheila Rusly</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheila_Rusly" class="extiw" title="ms:Sheila Rusly">ms</a>]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-149" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-149"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>149<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2018 - Malaysian drama series <i>Mr. Grey</i>, starring Fendi Bakry.<sup id="cite_ref-150" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-150"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>150<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2021 - <i><a href="/wiki/Mechamato" title="Mechamato">Mechamato</a></i> is a Malaysian animation series which set in a fictional city inspired from Malacca City.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cuisine">Cuisine</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malacca&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Cuisine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Malacca received recognition from the World Street Food Congress for Nyonya Siamese Noodles (34th) and Coolie Street Satay (43rd).<sup id="cite_ref-151" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-151"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>151<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The various street dishes and delicacies of Malacca include <i><a href="/wiki/Satay_celup" title="Satay celup">satay celup</a></i>; <a href="/wiki/Rice_ball" title="Rice ball">chicken rice balls</a>; duck noodles; <i><a href="/wiki/Wonton_noodles" title="Wonton noodles">Malacca-style wonton noodles</a></i>; <i><a href="/wiki/Laksa" title="Laksa">nyonya laksa</a></i>; <i>pai tee</i> (also known as <i><a href="/wiki/Pie_tee" title="Pie tee">pie tee</a></i> and top hats); <i>ayam pongteh</i>; <i><a href="/wiki/Asam_pedas" title="Asam pedas">asam pedas with fish</a></i>; Portuguese grilled fish and seafood; <i>fishball lobak</i>; coconut shake; <i><a href="/wiki/Cendol" title="Cendol">nyonya cendol</a></i>; <i><a href="/wiki/Putu_piring" title="Putu piring">putu piring</a></i>; and <i><a href="/wiki/Kuih" title="Kuih">nyonya kuih</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-152" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-152"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>152<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sports">Sports</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malacca&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Sports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Melaka_International_Motorsport_Circuit.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Melaka_International_Motorsport_Circuit.jpg/220px-Melaka_International_Motorsport_Circuit.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Melaka_International_Motorsport_Circuit.jpg/330px-Melaka_International_Motorsport_Circuit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Melaka_International_Motorsport_Circuit.jpg/440px-Melaka_International_Motorsport_Circuit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1984" data-file-height="1488" /></a><figcaption>Melaka International Motorsport Circuit</figcaption></figure> <p>Sports-related affairs of Malacca are governed by the Malacca State Sports Council (<a href="/wiki/Malay_language" title="Malay language">Malay</a>: <i lang="ms">Majlis Sukan Negeri Melaka</i>) under the Malacca State Government.<sup id="cite_ref-153" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-153"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>153<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another governing body of sports in Malacca is the Department of Youth and Sports (<a href="/wiki/Malay_language" title="Malay language">Malay</a>: <i lang="ms">Jabatan Belia dan Sukan Negeri Melaka</i>). Malacca is home to several football stadiums, such as <a href="/wiki/Hang_Jebat_Stadium" title="Hang Jebat Stadium">Hang Jebat Stadium</a> (the state's main stadium), <a href="/wiki/Hang_Tuah_Stadium" title="Hang Tuah Stadium">Hang Tuah Stadium</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tun_Fatimah_Stadium" title="Tun Fatimah Stadium">Tun Fatimah Stadium</a>. Built in 1954, Hang Tuah Stadium is the oldest stadium in Malacca.<sup id="cite_ref-154" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-154"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>154<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Established under the Malacca Stadium Corporation Enactment of 2004, the Malacca Stadium Corporation is the entity that manages stadiums in Malacca which started its operation on 16 September 2004.<sup id="cite_ref-155" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-155"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>155<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There is also a motorsport racetrack in <a href="/wiki/Durian_Tunggal" title="Durian Tunggal">Durian Tunggal</a> named the Melaka International Motorsport Circuit. Melaka International Bowling Centre in Ayer Keroh with 52 lanes is the largest <a href="/wiki/Bowling" title="Bowling">bowling</a> centre in Malaysia.<sup id="cite_ref-156" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-156"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>156<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are four <a href="/wiki/Golf_courses" class="mw-redirect" title="Golf courses">golf courses</a> in Malacca, namely Ayer Keroh Golf and Country Club in <a href="/wiki/Ayer_Keroh" title="Ayer Keroh">Ayer Keroh</a>, Orna Golf and Country Club in <a href="/wiki/Bemban" title="Bemban">Bemban</a> and Tiara Melaka Golf and Country Club in <a href="/wiki/Bukit_Katil" title="Bukit Katil">Bukit Katil</a> and A'Famosa Golf Resort in <a href="/wiki/Simpang_Ampat,_Malacca" class="mw-redirect" title="Simpang Ampat, Malacca">Simpang Ampat</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-157" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-157"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>157<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Golf-related paraphernalia in Malacca is showcased at the Malacca Golf Gallery. </p><p>Malacca was the host venue for the <a href="/wiki/2010_Sukma_Games" title="2010 Sukma Games">2010 Sukma Games</a> held on 10–19 June 2010. </p><p>Malacca also has a football team known as <a href="/wiki/Melaka_United" class="mw-redirect" title="Melaka United">Melaka United</a> representing Malacca in the Malaysian football league. The Melaka United football team won the first <a href="/wiki/Malaysia_Premier_League" title="Malaysia Premier League">Malaysia Premier League</a> title in 1983, in addition they were the champion of the third division of the Malaysia football league, <a href="/wiki/Malaysia_FAM_League" class="mw-redirect" title="Malaysia FAM League">FAM League</a> Cup, in 2015 before won the second Premier League title a year after it. <a href="/wiki/Melaka_United" class="mw-redirect" title="Melaka United">Melaka United</a> uses the <a href="/wiki/Hang_Jebat_Stadium" title="Hang Jebat Stadium">Hang Jebat Stadium</a> in Krubong as their home ground with a capacity of 40,000 spectators. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malacca&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Notable people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andre_Filipe_Desker" title="Andre Filipe Desker">Andre Filipe Desker</a> (1826–1898), butcher and philanthropist<sup id="cite_ref-InfoPedia_158-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-InfoPedia-158"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>158<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devan_Nair" title="Devan Nair">Devan Nair</a> (1923–2005), third <a href="/wiki/President_of_Singapore" title="President of Singapore">President of Singapore</a><sup id="cite_ref-159" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-159"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>159<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khairul_Hafiz_Jantan" title="Khairul Hafiz Jantan">Khairul Hafiz Jantan</a> (born 1998), Malaysian sprinter.<sup id="cite_ref-160" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-160"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>160<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._Samad_Said" title="A. Samad Said">A. Samad Said</a> (born 1935), novelist and poet.<sup id="cite_ref-161" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-161"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>161<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tan_Cheng_Lock" title="Tan Cheng Lock">Tan Cheng Lock</a> (1883–1960), businessman, politician and 1st President of the <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Chinese_Association" title="Malaysian Chinese Association">Malayan Chinese Association</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-162" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-162"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>162<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tan_Siew_Sin" title="Tan Siew Sin">Tan Siew Sin</a> (1916–1988), Minister of finance and 3rd President of the <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Chinese_Association" title="Malaysian Chinese Association">Malaysian Chinese Association</a>, son of Tan Cheng Lock.<sup id="cite_ref-163" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-163"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>163<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soh_Chin_Ann" title="Soh Chin Ann">Soh Chin Ann</a> (born 1950), Malaysian former footballer.<sup id="cite_ref-164" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-164"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>164<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziana_Zain" title="Ziana Zain">Ziana Zain</a> (born 1968), singer and actress.<sup id="cite_ref-165" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-165"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>165<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malacca&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_East_Indies" class="mw-redirect" title="Portuguese East Indies">Portuguese East Indies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Straits_Settlements" class="mw-redirect" title="British Straits Settlements">British Straits Settlements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malacca_sultanate" class="mw-redirect" title="Malacca sultanate">Malacca sultanate</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malacca&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malacca&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Headrick2010-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Headrick2010_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Headrick2010_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHeadrick2010">Headrick (2010)</a>, pp. 63</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-arkib.gov.my-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-arkib.gov.my_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-arkib.gov.my_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-arkib.gov.my_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180815091128/http://hids.arkib.gov.my/peristiwa/-/asset_publisher/WAhqbCYR9ww2/content/melaka-jatuh-ke-tangan-belanda/pop_up?_101_INSTANCE_WAhqbCYR9ww2_viewMode=print">"Melaka Jatuh Ke Tangan Belanda -"</a>. hids.arkib.gov.my. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hids.arkib.gov.my/peristiwa/-/asset_publisher/WAhqbCYR9ww2/content/melaka-jatuh-ke-tangan-belanda/pop_up?_101_INSTANCE_WAhqbCYR9ww2_viewMode=print">the original</a> on 15 August 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 August</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Melaka+Jatuh+Ke+Tangan+Belanda+-&rft.pub=hids.arkib.gov.my&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhids.arkib.gov.my%2Fperistiwa%2F-%2Fasset_publisher%2FWAhqbCYR9ww2%2Fcontent%2Fmelaka-jatuh-ke-tangan-belanda%2Fpop_up%3F_101_INSTANCE_WAhqbCYR9ww2_viewMode%3Dprint&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalacca" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMat_Rofa_Ismail2015" class="citation book cs1">Mat Rofa Ismail (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XHRsCgAAQBAJ&q=melaka+ditawan+belanda+1641&pg=PA34"><i>Kerdipan Bintang Melayu Dilangit Turki</i></a>. Alaf 21. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789678604864" title="Special:BookSources/9789678604864"><bdi>9789678604864</bdi></a> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kerdipan+Bintang+Melayu+Dilangit+Turki&rft.pub=Alaf+21&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=9789678604864&rft.au=Mat+Rofa+Ismail&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXHRsCgAAQBAJ%26q%3Dmelaka%2Bditawan%2Bbelanda%2B1641%26pg%3DPA34&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalacca" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWongZouZeng2006" class="citation book cs1">Wong, John; Zou, Keyuan; Zeng, Huaqun, eds. 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Spot The Bas Sekolah!"</a>. <i>SAYS</i>. 2 March 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181119082002/https://says.com/my/entertainment/10-movies-you-didn-t-know-were-filmed-in-malaysia-spot-the-bas-sekolah">Archived</a> from the original on 19 November 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 November</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=SAYS&rft.atitle=10+Movies+You+Didn%27t+Know+Were+Filmed+In+Malaysia.+Spot+The+Bas+Sekolah%21&rft.date=2015-03-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsays.com%2Fmy%2Fentertainment%2F10-movies-you-didn-t-know-were-filmed-in-malaysia-spot-the-bas-sekolah&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalacca" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sinarharian.com.my/hiburan/nora-danish-suami-aku-ustaz-1.174519">"Nora Danish: 'Suami aku ustaz'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a> [My husband is an ustaz]. <i>Sinar ONLINE</i> (in Malay). 19 November 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181119085336/http://www.sinarharian.com.my/hiburan/nora-danish-suami-aku-ustaz-1.174519">Archived</a> from the original on 19 November 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sinar+ONLINE&rft.atitle=Nora+Danish%3A+%27Suami+aku+ustaz%27&rft.date=2018-11-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sinarharian.com.my%2Fhiburan%2Fnora-danish-suami-aku-ustaz-1.174519&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalacca" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-146"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-146">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.projekmm.com/s/995325/exco-melaka-wartawan-teruja-jumpa-sendiri-rajinikanth">"Exco Melaka, wartawan teruja jumpa sendiri Rajinikanth"</a> [Melaka exco, journalist excitedly met Rajinikanth himself]. <i>PROJEK mm</i> (in Malay). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181119094355/https://www.projekmm.com/s/995325/exco-melaka-wartawan-teruja-jumpa-sendiri-rajinikanth">Archived</a> from the original on 19 November 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 November</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PROJEK+mm&rft.atitle=Exco+Melaka%2C+wartawan+teruja+jumpa+sendiri+Rajinikanth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.projekmm.com%2Fs%2F995325%2Fexco-melaka-wartawan-teruja-jumpa-sendiri-rajinikanth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalacca" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-147"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-147">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cosmopolitan.my/ayda-jebat-tampil-dengan-telefon-edisi-istimewa/">"Ayda Jebat Tampil Dengan Telefon Edisi Istimewa"</a> [Ayda Jebat Appear With Special Edition Phone]. <i>COSMOPOLITAN</i> (in Malay). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181119110200/http://cosmopolitan.my/ayda-jebat-tampil-dengan-telefon-edisi-istimewa/">Archived</a> from the original on 19 November 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 December</span> 2023</span> – via PressReader.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Khairul+cuba+aksi+60+meter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pressreader.com%2Fmalaysia%2Fharian-metro%2F20171021%2F282269550636891&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalacca" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-161"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-161">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181002214848/http://www.arkib.gov.my/en/web/guest/datuk-abdul-samad-muhammad-said-a.-samad-said-1">"Datuk Abdul Samad Muhammad Said (A. Samad Said)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Archives_of_Malaysia" title="National Archives of Malaysia">National Archives of Malaysia</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.arkib.gov.my/en/web/guest/datuk-abdul-samad-muhammad-said-a.-samad-said-1">the original</a> on 2 October 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 October</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Datuk+Abdul+Samad+Muhammad+Said+%28A.+Samad+Said%29&rft.pub=National+Archives+of+Malaysia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.arkib.gov.my%2Fen%2Fweb%2Fguest%2Fdatuk-abdul-samad-muhammad-said-a.-samad-said-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalacca" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-162"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-162">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101202230635/http://www.thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=%2F2006%2F12%2F15%2Fnation%2F16326831&sec=nation">"A true Malayan nationalist"</a>. 15 December 2006. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=%2F2006%2F12%2F15%2Fnation%2F16326831&sec=nation">the original</a> on 2 December 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+true+Malayan+nationalist&rft.date=2006-12-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com.my%2Fnews%2Fstory.asp%3Ffile%3D%252F2006%252F12%252F15%252Fnation%252F16326831%26sec%3Dnation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalacca" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-163"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-163">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110717080145/http://www.tourism-melaka.com/tuntansiewsin.pdf">"Famous Malaccans: Tun Tan Siew Sin (1916–1988)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tourism-melaka.com/tuntansiewsin.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 17 July 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 February</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Famous+Malaccans%3A+Tun+Tan+Siew+Sin+%281916%E2%80%931988%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tourism-melaka.com%2Ftuntansiewsin.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalacca" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-164"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-164">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com.my/sport/football/2020/11/24/chin-auns-name-may-be-misspelt-but-he-committed-very-few-errors-on-field">Chin Aun's name may be misspelt but he committed very few errors on field</a> – The Star, 24 November 2020.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-165"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-165">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rotikaya.com/lebih-sedekad-tanpa-konsert-solo-ziana-zain-janji-yang-terbaik/">"Lebih Sedekad Tanpa Konsert Solo, Ziana Zain Janji Yang Terbaik"</a>. <i>RotiKaya.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=RotiKaya.com&rft.atitle=Lebih+Sedekad+Tanpa+Konsert+Solo%2C+Ziana+Zain+Janji+Yang+Terbaik&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rotikaya.com%2Flebih-sedekad-tanpa-konsert-solo-ziana-zain-janji-yang-terbaik%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalacca" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malacca&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAhmad_Sarji2011" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Ahmad Sarji, Abdul Hamid (2011). <i>The Encyclopedia of Malaysia</i>. Vol. 16 – The Rulers of Malaysia. Editions Didier Millet. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-981-3018-54-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-981-3018-54-9"><bdi>978-981-3018-54-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+Malaysia&rft.pub=Editions+Didier+Millet&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-981-3018-54-9&rft.aulast=Ahmad+Sarji&rft.aufirst=Abdul+Hamid&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalacca" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBorschberg2002" class="citation journal cs1">Borschberg, Peter (2002). "The Seizure of the Sta. Catarina Revisited: The Portuguese Empire in Asia, VOC Politics and the Origins of the Dutch-Johor Alliance (1602 – c. 1616)". <i>Journal of Southeast Asian Studies</i>. <b>33</b> (1): 31–62. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0022463402000024">10.1017/S0022463402000024</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/20072387">20072387</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:154935503">154935503</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Southeast+Asian+Studies&rft.atitle=The+Seizure+of+the+Sta.+Catarina+Revisited%3A+The+Portuguese+Empire+in+Asia%2C+VOC+Politics+and+the+Origins+of+the+Dutch-Johor+Alliance+%281602+%E2%80%93+c.+1616%29&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=31-62&rft.date=2002&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A154935503%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F20072387%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0022463402000024&rft.aulast=Borschberg&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalacca" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBorschberg2004" class="citation book cs1">Borschberg, Peter, ed. (2004). <i>Iberians in the Singapore-Melaka Area and Adjacent Regions (16th to 18th Centuries)</i>. South China and Maritime Asia 14. Germany: Harrassowitz. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-447-05107-8" title="Special:BookSources/3-447-05107-8"><bdi>3-447-05107-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Iberians+in+the+Singapore-Melaka+Area+and+Adjacent+Regions+%2816th+to+18th+Centuries%29&rft.place=Germany&rft.series=South+China+and+Maritime+Asia+14&rft.pub=Harrassowitz&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=3-447-05107-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalacca" class="Z3988"></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/4302755">Iberians in the Singapore-Melaka Area and Adjacent Regions (16th to 18th Centuries)</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBorschberg2010" class="citation book cs1">Borschberg, Peter (2010). <i>The Singapore and Melaka Straits. Violence, Security and Diplomacy in the Seventeenth Century</i>. Singapore: NUS Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9971-69-464-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-9971-69-464-7"><bdi>978-9971-69-464-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Singapore+and+Melaka+Straits.+Violence%2C+Security+and+Diplomacy+in+the+Seventeenth+Century&rft.place=Singapore&rft.pub=NUS+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-9971-69-464-7&rft.aulast=Borschberg&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalacca" class="Z3988"></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/4302722">The Singapore and Melaka Straits: Violence, Security and Diplomacy in the 17th Century</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBorschberg2015" class="citation book cs1">Borschberg, Peter, ed. (2015). <i>Journal, Memorial and Letters of Admiral Cornelis Matelieff de Jonge. Security, Diplomacy and Commerce in 17th Century Southeast Asia</i>. Singapore: NUS Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9971-69-798-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-9971-69-798-3"><bdi>978-9971-69-798-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Journal%2C+Memorial+and+Letters+of+Admiral+Cornelis+Matelieff+de+Jonge.+Security%2C+Diplomacy+and+Commerce+in+17th+Century+Southeast+Asia&rft.place=Singapore&rft.pub=NUS+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-9971-69-798-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalacca" class="Z3988"></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/4302783">Journal, Memorial and Letters of Cornelis Matelieff de Jonge. Security, Diplomacy and Commerce in 17th-Century Southeast Asia.</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBorschberg2017" class="citation journal cs1">Borschberg, Peter (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS002246341700056X">"The Value of Admiral Matelieff's Writings for Studying the History of Southeast Asia, c. 1600–1620"</a>. <i>Journal of Southeast Asian Studies</i>. <b>48</b> (3): 414–435. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS002246341700056X">10.1017/S002246341700056X</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Southeast+Asian+Studies&rft.atitle=The+Value+of+Admiral+Matelieff%27s+Writings+for+Studying+the+History+of+Southeast+Asia%2C+c.+1600%E2%80%931620&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=414-435&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS002246341700056X&rft.aulast=Borschberg&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1017%252FS002246341700056X&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalacca" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDe_Witt2010" class="citation book cs1">De Witt, Dennis (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=l36VlIdHvGkC"><i>Melaka from the Top</i></a>. Malaysia: Nutmeg Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-983-43519-2-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-983-43519-2-2"><bdi>978-983-43519-2-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Melaka+from+the+Top&rft.place=Malaysia&rft.pub=Nutmeg+Publishing&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-983-43519-2-2&rft.aulast=De+Witt&rft.aufirst=Dennis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dl36VlIdHvGkC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalacca" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDe_Witt2007" class="citation book cs1">De Witt, Dennis (2007). <i>History of the Dutch in Malaysia</i>. Malaysia: Nutmeg Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-983-43519-0-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-983-43519-0-8"><bdi>978-983-43519-0-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+the+Dutch+in+Malaysia&rft.place=Malaysia&rft.pub=Nutmeg+Publishing&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-983-43519-0-8&rft.aulast=De+Witt&rft.aufirst=Dennis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalacca" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRicklefs1993" class="citation book cs1">Ricklefs, M.C. (1993). <i>A History of Modern Indonesia Since c.1300</i> (2nd ed.). London: MacMillan. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-333-57689-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-333-57689-6"><bdi>0-333-57689-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Modern+Indonesia+Since+c.1300&rft.place=London&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=MacMillan&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=0-333-57689-6&rft.aulast=Ricklefs&rft.aufirst=M.C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalacca" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeadrick2010" class="citation book cs1">Headrick, Daniel R. (2010). <i>Power Over Peoples: Technology, Environments, and Western Imperialism, 1400 to the present</i>. Princeton: Princeton University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Power+Over+Peoples%3A+Technology%2C+Environments%2C+and+Western+Imperialism%2C+1400+to+the+present&rft.place=Princeton&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Headrick&rft.aufirst=Daniel+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalacca" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>"Popular History of Thailand" by M.L. Manich Jumsai, C.B.E., M.A.</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/15px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/23px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/30px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> <i>This article incorporates text from </i>Miscellaneous papers relating to Indo-China: reprinted for the Straits Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society from Dalrymple's "Oriental Repertory," and the "Asiatic Researches" and "Journal" of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, Volume 1<i>, by Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Straits Branch, Reinhold Rost, a publication from 1887, now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a> in the United States.</i></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/15px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/23px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/30px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> <i>This article incorporates text from </i>Miscellaneous papers relating to Indo-China: reprinted for the Straits Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society from Dalrymple's "Oriental Repertory," and the "Asiatic Researches" and "Journal" of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, Volume 1<i>, by Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Straits Branch, Reinhold Rost, a publication from 1887, now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a> in the United States.</i></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malacca&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 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text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090413040751/http://www.melaka.org.my/">Official Melaka Tourism Action Council website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.melaka.gov.my/">Official Malacca government website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldheritage.com.my/">Malacca Tourist Attraction</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://focaljourney.com/things-to-do-in-malacca/">Malacca Tourist Attraction</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tourism.gov.my/en/my/web-page/places/states-of-malaysia/melaka">Tourism Malaysia – Melaka</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.malaccaguide.com">Malacca Guide</a></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Adjacent_communities" title="Template:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Adjacent_communities" title="Template talk:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Adjacent_communities" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Places_adjacent_to_Malacca" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Places adjacent to Malacca</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><table role="presentation" style="width:100%; margin:0; text-align:center;"><tbody><tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Port_Dickson" class="mw-redirect" title="Port Dickson">Port Dickson</a>, <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Flag_of_Negeri_Sembilan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Negeri_Sembilan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Flag_of_Negeri_Sembilan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Negeri_Sembilan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Flag_of_Negeri_Sembilan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Negeri_Sembilan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Negeri_Sembilan" title="Negeri Sembilan">Negeri Sembilan</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Straits_of_Malacca" class="mw-redirect" title="Straits of Malacca">Straits of Malacca</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rembau_District" title="Rembau District">Rembau</a> / <a href="/wiki/Tampin" class="mw-redirect" title="Tampin">Tampin</a>, <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Flag_of_Negeri_Sembilan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Negeri_Sembilan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Flag_of_Negeri_Sembilan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Negeri_Sembilan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Flag_of_Negeri_Sembilan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Negeri_Sembilan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Negeri_Sembilan" title="Negeri Sembilan">Negeri Sembilan</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tampin" class="mw-redirect" title="Tampin">Tampin</a>, <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Flag_of_Negeri_Sembilan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Negeri_Sembilan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Flag_of_Negeri_Sembilan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Negeri_Sembilan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Flag_of_Negeri_Sembilan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Negeri_Sembilan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Negeri_Sembilan" title="Negeri Sembilan">Negeri Sembilan</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Ledang" class="mw-redirect" title="Ledang">Ledang</a>, <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Flag_of_Johor.svg/23px-Flag_of_Johor.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Flag_of_Johor.svg/35px-Flag_of_Johor.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Flag_of_Johor.svg/46px-Flag_of_Johor.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Johor" title="Johor">Johor</a></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="North"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/14px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/21px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/28px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td style="width:33%"><a href="/wiki/Straits_of_Malacca" class="mw-redirect" title="Straits of Malacca">Straits of Malacca</a></td> <td style="width:33%;"> <div style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span title="West"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/17px-Pfeil_links.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/25px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/34px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></span></span><b style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:middle; margin:0.75em 1em">Malacca</b><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span title="East"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/17px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/25px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/34px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></div> </td> <td style="width:33%"><a href="/wiki/Ledang" class="mw-redirect" title="Ledang">Ledang</a>, <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Flag_of_Johor.svg/23px-Flag_of_Johor.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Flag_of_Johor.svg/35px-Flag_of_Johor.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Flag_of_Johor.svg/46px-Flag_of_Johor.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Johor" title="Johor">Johor</a></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="South"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/14px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/21px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/28px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Straits_of_Malacca" class="mw-redirect" title="Straits of Malacca">Straits of Malacca</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ledang" class="mw-redirect" title="Ledang">Ledang</a>, <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Flag_of_Johor.svg/23px-Flag_of_Johor.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Flag_of_Johor.svg/35px-Flag_of_Johor.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Flag_of_Johor.svg/46px-Flag_of_Johor.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Johor" title="Johor">Johor</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ledang" class="mw-redirect" title="Ledang">Ledang</a>, <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Flag_of_Johor.svg/23px-Flag_of_Johor.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Flag_of_Johor.svg/35px-Flag_of_Johor.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Flag_of_Johor.svg/46px-Flag_of_Johor.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Johor" title="Johor">Johor</a></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="15px_State_of_Malacca" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Malacca" title="Template:Malacca"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Malacca" title="Template talk:Malacca"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Malacca" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Malacca"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="15px_State_of_Malacca" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Malacca_New.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Coat_of_arms_of_Malacca_New.svg/15px-Coat_of_arms_of_Malacca_New.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Coat_of_arms_of_Malacca_New.svg/23px-Coat_of_arms_of_Malacca_New.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Coat_of_arms_of_Malacca_New.svg/30px-Coat_of_arms_of_Malacca_New.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="439" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/States_and_federal_territories_of_Malaysia" title="States and federal territories of Malaysia">State</a> of <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Malacca</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Capital: <a href="/wiki/Malacca_City" title="Malacca City">Malacca City</a>, Administrative capital: <a href="/wiki/Ayer_Keroh" title="Ayer Keroh">Ayer Keroh</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Malacca" title="Elections in Malacca">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Malacca" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Malacca">Government</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malacca_State_Executive_Council" title="Malacca State Executive Council">Executive</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yang_di-Pertua_Negeri_of_Malacca" title="Yang di-Pertua Negeri of Malacca">Governor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Minister_of_Malacca" title="Chief Minister of Malacca">Chief Minister</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malacca_State_Legislative_Assembly" title="Malacca State Legislative Assembly">Legislative</a></li></ul></li> <li>Symbols <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Melaka_Maju_Jaya" title="Melaka Maju Jaya">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Malacca" title="Coat of arms of Malacca">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Malacca" title="Flag of Malacca">Flag</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Society</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_schools_in_Malacca" title="List of schools in Malacca">Schools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tourist_attractions_in_Malacca" title="List of tourist attractions in Malacca">Tourist attractions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Administrative<br />divisions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Districts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alor_Gajah_District" title="Alor Gajah District">Alor Gajah District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jasin_District" title="Jasin District">Jasin District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melaka_Tengah_District" title="Melaka Tengah District">Melaka Tengah District</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cities/Municipalities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malacca_City" title="Malacca City">Malacca City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alor_Gajah" title="Alor Gajah">Alor Gajah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hang_Tuah_Jaya" title="Hang Tuah Jaya">Hang Tuah Jaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jasin_(town)" title="Jasin (town)">Jasin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Towns and suburbs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pekan_Asahan" title="Pekan Asahan">Asahan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayer_Keroh" title="Ayer Keroh">Ayer Keroh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayer_Paabas" title="Ayer Paabas">Ayer Paabas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batang_Melaka" title="Batang Melaka">Batang Melaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batu_Berendam" title="Batu Berendam">Batu Berendam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bemban" title="Bemban">Bemban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bukit_Baru" title="Bukit Baru">Bukit Baru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bukit_Beruang" title="Bukit Beruang">Bukit Beruang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bukit_Katil" title="Bukit Katil">Bukit Katil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheng_Township" title="Cheng Township">Cheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durian_Tunggal" title="Durian Tunggal">Durian Tunggal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klebang" title="Klebang">Klebang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krubong" title="Krubong">Krubong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuala_Sungai_Baru" title="Kuala Sungai Baru">Kuala Sungai Baru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lendu,_Alor_Gajah" title="Lendu, Alor Gajah">Lendu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lubuk_China" title="Lubuk China">Lubuk China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Machap_Baru" title="Machap Baru">Machap Baru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masjid_Tanah" title="Masjid Tanah">Masjid Tanah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merlimau" title="Merlimau">Merlimau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyalas" title="Nyalas">Nyalas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paya_Rumput" title="Paya Rumput">Paya Rumput</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peringgit" title="Peringgit">Peringgit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulau_Sebang" title="Pulau Sebang">Pulau Sebang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selandar" title="Selandar">Selandar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serkam" title="Serkam">Serkam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simpang_Ampat_(Malacca)" title="Simpang Ampat (Malacca)">Simpang Ampat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sungai_Rambai" title="Sungai Rambai">Sungai Rambai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sungai_Udang" title="Sungai Udang">Sungai Udang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanjung_Kling" title="Tanjung Kling">Tanjung Kling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telok_Mas" title="Telok Mas">Telok Mas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umbai" title="Umbai">Umbai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Residential neighbourhoods</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bandar_Jasin_Bestari" title="Bandar Jasin Bestari">Bandar Jasin Bestari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Settlement,_Malacca" title="Portuguese Settlement, Malacca">Portuguese Settlement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taman_Malim_Jaya" title="Taman Malim Jaya">Taman Malim Jaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taman_Belimbing_Setia" title="Taman Belimbing Setia">Taman Belimbing Setia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taman_Kota_Laksamana" title="Taman Kota Laksamana">Taman Kota Laksamana</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Villages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kampung_Morten" title="Kampung Morten">Kampung Morten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lipat_Kajang" title="Lipat Kajang">Lipat Kajang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pokok_Mangga" title="Pokok Mangga">Pokok Mangga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telok_Gong" title="Telok Gong">Telok Gong</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Exclaves</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tanjung_Tuan" title="Tanjung Tuan">Tanjung Tuan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Islands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Besar_Island,_Malacca" title="Besar Island, Malacca">Besar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konet_Island" title="Konet Island">Konet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Undan_Island" title="Undan Island">Undan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upeh_Island" title="Upeh Island">Upeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melaka_Island" title="Melaka Island">Melaka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Malacca" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Malacca">Commons</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikisource-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wikisource page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/15px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/23px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/30px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Portal:Malacca" class="extiw" title="s:Portal:Malacca">Wikisource</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Malacca" title="Category:Malacca">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="States_and_federal_territories_of_Malaysia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:States_and_Federal_Territories_of_Malaysia" title="Template:States and Federal Territories of Malaysia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:States_and_Federal_Territories_of_Malaysia" title="Template talk:States and Federal Territories of Malaysia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:States_and_Federal_Territories_of_Malaysia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:States and Federal Territories of Malaysia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="States_and_federal_territories_of_Malaysia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/States_and_federal_territories_of_Malaysia" title="States and federal territories of Malaysia">States and federal territories of Malaysia</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Capital: <a href="/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur" title="Kuala Lumpur">Kuala Lumpur</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">States</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Johor" title="Johor">Johor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kedah" title="Kedah">Kedah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelantan" title="Kelantan">Kelantan</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Malacca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negeri_Sembilan" title="Negeri Sembilan">Negeri Sembilan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahang" title="Pahang">Pahang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penang" title="Penang">Penang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perak" title="Perak">Perak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perlis" title="Perlis">Perlis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabah" title="Sabah">Sabah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarawak" title="Sarawak">Sarawak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selangor" title="Selangor">Selangor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terengganu" title="Terengganu">Terengganu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Federal_Territories_of_Malaysia" title="Federal Territories of Malaysia">Federal Territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur" title="Kuala Lumpur">Kuala Lumpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labuan" title="Labuan">Labuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Putrajaya" title="Putrajaya">Putrajaya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Singapore_in_Malaysia" title="Singapore in Malaysia">Singapore</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Portuguese_Empire" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks plainlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Portuguese_overseas_empire" title="Template:Portuguese overseas empire"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Portuguese_overseas_empire" title="Template talk:Portuguese overseas empire"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Portuguese_overseas_empire" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Portuguese overseas empire"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Portuguese_Empire" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Empire" title="Portuguese Empire">Portuguese Empire</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:transparent;text-align:left;"><div id="North_Africa" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">North Africa</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-left:1.0em;text-align:left;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break col-break-3"> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>15th century</b></span> </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1415–1640</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta">Ceuta</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1458–1550</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Ksar_es-Seghir" title="Ksar es-Seghir">Alcácer Ceguer <span style="font-size:85%;">(El Qsar es Seghir)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1471–1550</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Asilah" title="Portuguese Asilah">Arzila <span style="font-size:85%;">(Asilah)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1471–1662</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Tangier" title="Portuguese Tangier">Tangier</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1485–1550</td><td> <a href="/wiki/El_Jadida" title="El Jadida">Mazagan <span style="font-size:85%;">(El Jadida)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1487–16th century</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Ouadane" title="Ouadane">Ouadane</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1488–1541</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Safi,_Morocco" title="Safi, Morocco">Safim <span style="font-size:85%;">(Safi)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1489</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Graciosa_fortress" title="Graciosa fortress">Graciosa</a></td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-3"> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>16th century</b></span> </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1505–1541</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Agadir" title="Agadir">Santa Cruz do Cabo de Gué <span style="font-size:85%;">(Agadir)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1506–1525</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Essaouira" title="Essaouira">Mogador <span style="font-size:85%;">(Essaouira)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1506–1525</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Souira_Guedima" title="Souira Guedima">Aguz <span style="font-size:85%;">(Souira Guedima)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1506–1769</td><td> <a href="/wiki/El_Jadida" title="El Jadida">Mazagan <span style="font-size:85%;">(El Jadida)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1513–1541</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Azemmour" title="Azemmour">Azamor <span style="font-size:85%;">(Azemmour)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1515–1541</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Mehdya,_Morocco" title="Mehdya, Morocco">São João da Mamora <span style="font-size:85%;">(Mehdya)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1577–1589</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Asilah" title="Asilah">Arzila <span style="font-size:85%;">(Asilah)</span></a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Portugal_Imp%C3%A9rio_total.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Anachronous map of the Portuguese Empire (1415-1999)"><img alt="Anachronous map of the Portuguese Empire (1415-1999)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Portugal_Imp%C3%A9rio_total.png/300px-Portugal_Imp%C3%A9rio_total.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Portugal_Imp%C3%A9rio_total.png/450px-Portugal_Imp%C3%A9rio_total.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Portugal_Imp%C3%A9rio_total.png/600px-Portugal_Imp%C3%A9rio_total.png 2x" data-file-width="1425" data-file-height="625" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:transparent;text-align:left;"><div id="Sub-Saharan_Africa" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Sub-Saharan Africa</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-left:1.0em;text-align:left;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break"> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>15th century</b></span> </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1455–1633</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Arguin" title="Arguin">Arguim</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1462–1975</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Cape_Verde" title="Portuguese Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1470–1975</td><td> <span style="position:relative; bottom:0.1em;"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_Island" title="São Tomé Island">São Tomé</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></span></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1471–1975</td><td> <span style="position:relative; bottom:0.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="Príncipe">Príncipe</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></span></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1474–1778</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Annob%C3%B3n" title="Annobón">Annobón</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1478–1778</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Bioko" title="Bioko">Fernando Poo <span style="font-size:85%;">(Bioko)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1482–1637</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Elmina" title="Elmina">Elmina <span style="font-size:85%;">(São Jorge da Mina)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1482–1642</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Gold_Coast" title="Portuguese Gold Coast">Portuguese Gold Coast</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1498–1540</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Mascarene_Islands" title="Mascarene Islands">Mascarene Islands</a></td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td class="col-break"> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>16th century</b></span> </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1500–1630</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Malindi" title="Malindi">Malindi</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1501–1975</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Mozambique" title="Portuguese Mozambique">Portuguese Mozambique</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1502–1659</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Saint_Helena" title="Saint Helena">Saint Helena</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1503–1698</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Zanzibar" title="Zanzibar">Zanzibar</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1505–1512</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Kilwa_Kisiwani" title="Kilwa Kisiwani">Quíloa <span style="font-size:85%;">(Kilwa)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1506–1511</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Socotra" title="Socotra">Socotra</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1508–1547<sup><small>2</small></sup></td><td> <a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a><sup><small>3</small></sup></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1557–1578</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Accra" title="Accra">Accra</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1575–1975</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Angola" title="Portuguese Angola">Portuguese Angola</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1588–1974</td><td> <span style="position:relative; bottom:0.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Cacheu" title="Cacheu">Cacheu</a><sup><small>4</small></sup></span></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1593–1698</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Mombasa" title="Mombasa">Mombassa <span style="font-size:85%;">(Mombasa)</span></a></td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td class="col-break"> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>17th century</b></span> </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1645–1888</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Ziguinchor" title="Ziguinchor">Ziguinchor</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1680–1961</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Fort_of_S%C3%A3o_Jo%C3%A3o_Baptista_de_Ajud%C3%A1" title="Fort of São João Baptista de Ajudá">São João Baptista de Ajudá, Benin</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1687–1974</td><td> <span style="position:relative; bottom:0.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Bissau" title="Bissau">Bissau</a><sup><small>4</small></sup></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>18th century</b></span> </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1728–1729</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Mombasa" title="Mombasa">Mombassa <span style="font-size:85%;">(Mombasa)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1753–1975</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="Portuguese São Tomé and Príncipe">Portuguese São Tomé and Príncipe</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>19th century</b></span> </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1879–1974</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Guinea" title="Portuguese Guinea">Portuguese Guinea</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1885–1974</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Cabinda_Province" title="Cabinda Province">Portuguese Congo</a><sup><small>5</small></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="plainlist" style="padding:0.5em 0 0.75em 0.25em;font-size:90%;line-height:1.2em;"><ul><li><sup><small>1</small></sup> Part of <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="Portuguese São Tomé and Príncipe">São Tomé and Príncipe</a> from 1753.</li><li><sup><small>2</small></sup> Or 1600.</li><li><sup><small>3</small></sup> A factory (<a href="/wiki/Anosy" title="Anosy">Anosy Region</a>) and small temporary coastal bases.</li><li><sup><small>4</small></sup> Part of <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Guinea" title="Portuguese Guinea">Portuguese Guinea</a> from 1879.</li><li><sup><small>5</small></sup> Part of <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Angola" title="Portuguese Angola">Portuguese Angola</a> from the 1920s.</li></ul></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:transparent;text-align:left;"><div id="Middle_East_&#91;Persian_Gulf&#93;" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Middle East [Persian Gulf]</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-left:1.0em;text-align:left;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break col-break-3"> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>16th century</b></span> </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1506–1615</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Bandar_Abbas" title="Bandar Abbas">Gamru <span style="font-size:85%;">(Bandar Abbas)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1507–1643</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Sohar" title="Sohar">Sohar</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1515–1622</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Ormus" title="Ormus">Hormuz <span style="font-size:85%;">(Ormus)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1515–1648</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Qurayyat,_Oman" title="Qurayyat, Oman">Quriyat</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1515–?</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Qalhat" title="Qalhat">Qalhat</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1515–1650</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Muscat" title="Muscat">Muscat</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1515?–?</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Barka,_Oman" title="Barka, Oman">Barka</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1515–1633?</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Ras_Al_Khaimah" title="Ras Al Khaimah">Julfar (Ras al-Khaimah)</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1521–1602</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Muharraq" title="Muharraq">Muharraq</a> • <a href="/wiki/Manama" title="Manama">Manama</a>)</span></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1521–1529?</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Qatif" title="Qatif">Qatif</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1521?–1551?</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Tarout_Island" title="Tarout Island">Tarut Island</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1550–1551</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Qatif" title="Qatif">Qatif</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1588–1648</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Muttrah" title="Muttrah">Matrah</a></td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-3"> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>17th century</b></span> </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1620–?</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Khor_Fakkan" title="Khor Fakkan">Khor Fakkan</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1621?–?</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Seeb" title="Seeb">As Sib</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1621–1622</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Qeshm_Island" title="Qeshm Island">Qeshm</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1623–?</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Khasab" title="Khasab">Khasab</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1623–?</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Al_Badiyah" title="Al Badiyah">Libedia</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1624–?</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Kalba" title="Kalba">Kalba</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1624–?</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Madha" title="Madha">Madha</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1624–1648</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Dibba_Al-Hisn" title="Dibba Al-Hisn">Dibba Al-Hisn</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1624?–?</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Kong,_Iran" title="Kong, Iran">Bandar-e Kong</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:transparent;text-align:left;"><div id="South_Asia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">South Asia</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-left:1.0em;text-align:left;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break col-break-3"> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>15th century</b></span> </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1498–1545</td><td> <div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Lakshadweep" title="Lakshadweep">Laccadive Islands<br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(Lakshadweep)</span></a></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>16th century</b></span> <br /><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_India" title="Portuguese India">Portuguese India</a> </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1500–1663</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Kochi" title="Kochi">Cochim <span style="font-size:85%;">(Kochi)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1501–1663</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Kannur" title="Kannur">Cannanore <span style="font-size:85%;">(Kannur)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> <div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"> • 1502–1658<br /><span style="padding-left:0.65em;"> </span>1659–1661</div></td><td> <div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Kollam" title="Kollam">Quilon<br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(Coulão / Kollam)</span></a></div></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1502–1661</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Pallippuram,_Ernakulam" title="Pallippuram, Ernakulam">Pallipuram <span style="font-size:85%;">(Cochin de Cima)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1507–1657</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Negapatam" title="Portuguese Negapatam">Negapatam <span style="font-size:85%;">(Nagapatnam)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1510–1961</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Goa" title="Goa">Goa</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> <div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"> • 1512–1525<br /><span style="padding-left:0.65em;"> </span>1750</div></td><td> <div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Kozhikode" title="Kozhikode">Calicut<br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(Kozhikode)</span></a></div></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1518–1619</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Pulicat" title="Pulicat">Portuguese Paliacate outpost <span style="font-size:85%;">(Pulicat)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1521–1740</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Chaul" title="Chaul">Chaul</a></td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-3"> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  </td><td> (Portuguese India)</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1523–1662</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Mylapore" title="Mylapore">Mylapore</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1528–1666</td><td> <div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_settlement_in_Chittagong" title="Portuguese settlement in Chittagong">Chittagong<br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(Porto Grande De Bengala)</span></a></div></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1531–1571</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Chaul" title="Chaul">Chaul</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1531–1571</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Chaliyam" title="Chaliyam">Chalé</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1534–1601</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Salsette_Island" title="Salsette Island">Salsette Island</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1534–1661</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai">Bombay <span style="font-size:85%;">(Mumbai)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1535</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Ponnani" title="Ponnani">Ponnani</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1535–1739</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Vasai-Virar" title="Vasai-Virar">Baçaím <span style="font-size:85%;">(Vasai-Virar)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1536–1662</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Kodungallur" title="Kodungallur">Cranganore <span style="font-size:85%;">(Kodungallur)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1540–1612</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Surat" title="Surat">Surat</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1548–1658</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Thoothukudi" title="Thoothukudi">Tuticorin <span style="font-size:85%;">(Thoothukudi)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1559–1961</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Daman_and_Diu" title="Daman and Diu">Daman and Diu</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1568–1659</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Mangalore" title="Mangalore">Mangalore</a></td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-3"> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  </td><td> (Portuguese India)</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1579–1632</td><td><a href="/wiki/Hugli-Chuchura" title="Hugli-Chuchura">Hugli</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1598–1610</td><td><a href="/wiki/Machilipatnam" title="Machilipatnam">Masulipatnam <span style="font-size:85%;">(Machilipatnam)</span></a></td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1518–1521</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Maldives" title="Maldives">Maldives</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1518–1658</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Ceylon" title="Portuguese Ceylon">Portuguese Ceylon <span style="font-size:85%;">(Sri Lanka)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1558–1573</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Maldives" title="Maldives">Maldives</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>17th century</b></span> <br />Portuguese India </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1687–1749</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Mylapore" title="Mylapore">Mylapore</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>18th century</b></span> <br />Portuguese India </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1779–1954</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Dadra_and_Nagar_Haveli" class="mw-redirect" title="Dadra and Nagar Haveli">Dadra and Nagar Haveli</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:transparent;text-align:left;"><div id="East_Asia_and_Oceania" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">East Asia and Oceania</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-left:1.0em;text-align:left;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break col-break-3"> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>16th century</b></span> </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1511–1641</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Malacca" title="Portuguese Malacca">Portuguese Malacca</a> [Malaysia]</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1512–1621</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Maluku_Islands" title="Maluku Islands">Maluku</a> [Indonesia]</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1522–1575</td><td> <span style="padding-left:0.5em;"> </span><a href="/wiki/Ternate" title="Ternate">Ternate</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1576–1605</td><td> <span style="padding-left:0.5em;"> </span><a href="/wiki/Ambon_Island" title="Ambon Island">Ambon</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1578–1650</td><td> <span style="padding-left:0.5em;"> </span><a href="/wiki/Tidore" title="Tidore">Tidore</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1512–1665</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Makassar" title="Makassar">Makassar</a> [Indonesia]</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1515–1859</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Larantuka" title="Kingdom of Larantuka">Larantuka</a> [Indonesia]</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1557–1999</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Macau" title="Portuguese Macau">Macau</a> [China]</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1580–1586</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Nagasaki" title="Portuguese Nagasaki">Nagasaki</a> [Japan]</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>17th century</b></span> </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1642–1975</td><td> <span style="position:relative; bottom:0.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Timor" title="Portuguese Timor">Portuguese Timor</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/East_Timor" title="East Timor">East Timor</a>)</span><sup><small>1</small></sup></span></td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-3"> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>19th century</b></span> <br /><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Macau" title="Portuguese Macau">Portuguese Macau</a> </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1864–1999</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Coloane" title="Coloane">Coloane</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1851–1999</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Taipa" title="Taipa">Taipa</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1890–1999</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Ilha_Verde" title="Ilha Verde">Ilha Verde</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>20th century</b></span> <br />Portuguese Macau </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1938–1941</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Hengqin" title="Hengqin">Lapa and Montanha <span style="font-size:85%;">(Hengqin)</span></a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="plainlist" style="padding:0.5em 0 0.75em 0.25em;font-size:90%;line-height:1.2em;"><ul><li><sup><small>1</small></sup> 1975 is the year of East Timor's Declaration of Independence and subsequent <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_invasion_of_East_Timor" title="Indonesian invasion of East Timor">invasion by Indonesia</a>. In 2002, East Timor's independence was fully recognized.</li></ul></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:transparent;text-align:left;"><div id="North_America_and_North_Atlantic" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">North America and North Atlantic</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-left:1.0em;text-align:left;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break"> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>15th century</b> [Atlantic islands]</span> </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1420</td><td> <i><b><a href="/wiki/Madeira" title="Madeira">Madeira</a></b></i></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1432</td><td> <i><b><a href="/wiki/Azores" title="Azores">Azores</a></b></i></td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td class="col-break"> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>16th century</b> [Canada]</span> </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1500–1579?</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Newfoundland_(island)" title="Newfoundland (island)">Terra Nova <span style="font-size:85%;">(Newfoundland)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1500–1579?</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Labrador" title="Labrador">Labrador</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1516–1579?</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia" title="Nova Scotia">Nova Scotia</a></td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td class="col-break"> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:transparent;text-align:left;"><div id="South_America_and_Caribbean" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">South America and Caribbean</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-left:1.0em;text-align:left;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break"> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>16th century</b></span> </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1500–1822</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Colonial_Brazil" title="Colonial Brazil">Brazil</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1534–1549</td><td> <span style="padding-left:0.5em;"> </span><a href="/wiki/Captaincy_Colonies_of_Brazil" class="mw-redirect" title="Captaincy Colonies of Brazil">Captaincy Colonies of Brazil</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1549–1572</td><td> <span style="padding-left:0.5em;"> </span><a href="/wiki/Governorate_General_of_Brazil" title="Governorate General of Brazil">Brazil</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1572–1578</td><td> <span style="padding-left:0.5em;"> </span><a href="/wiki/Governorate_General_of_Bahia" title="Governorate General of Bahia">Bahia</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1572–1578</td><td> <span style="padding-left:0.5em;"> </span><a href="/wiki/Governorate_General_of_Rio_de_Janeiro" title="Governorate General of Rio de Janeiro">Rio de Janeiro</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1578–1607</td><td> <span style="padding-left:0.5em;"> </span><a href="/wiki/Governorate_General_of_Brazil" title="Governorate General of Brazil">Brazil</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1621–1815</td><td> <span style="padding-left:0.5em;"> </span><a href="/wiki/State_of_Brazil" title="State of Brazil">Brazil</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1536–1620</td><td> <a href="/wiki/History_of_Barbados" title="History of Barbados">Barbados</a></td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td class="col-break"> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>17th century</b></span> </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1621–1751</td><td> <a href="/wiki/State_of_Maranh%C3%A3o_(colonial)" title="State of Maranhão (colonial)">Maranhão</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1680–1777</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Colonia_del_Sacramento" title="Colonia del Sacramento">Nova Colónia do Sacramento</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>18th century</b></span> </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1751–1772</td><td> <a href="/wiki/State_of_Gr%C3%A3o-Par%C3%A1_and_Maranh%C3%A3o" title="State of Grão-Pará and Maranhão">Grão-Pará and Maranhão</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1772–1775</td><td> <a href="/wiki/State_of_Gr%C3%A3o-Par%C3%A1_and_Rio_Negro" title="State of Grão-Pará and Rio Negro">Grão-Pará and Rio Negro</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1772–1775</td><td> <a href="/wiki/State_of_Maranh%C3%A3o_and_Piau%C3%AD" title="State of Maranhão and Piauí">Maranhão and Piauí</a></td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td class="col-break"> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>19th century</b></span> </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1808–1822</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Cisplatina" title="Cisplatina">Cisplatina <span style="font-size:85%;">(Uruguay)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1809–1817</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Amap%C3%A1" title="Amapá">Portuguese Guiana <span style="font-size:85%;">(Amapá)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1822</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Upper_Peru" title="Upper Peru">Upper Peru <span style="font-size:85%;">(Bolivia)</span></a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3" style="background:#efefef;padding:0.2em;line-height:1.2em;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armorial_of_Portuguese_colonies" class="mw-redirect" title="Armorial of Portuguese colonies">Armorial of Portuguese colonies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolution_of_the_Portuguese_Empire" title="Evolution of the Portuguese Empire">Evolution of the Portuguese Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_colonial_architecture" title="Portuguese colonial architecture">Portuguese colonial architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="Portuguese colonization of the Americas">Portuguese colonization of the Americas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Empire_in_the_Indonesian_Archipelago" title="Portuguese Empire in the Indonesian Archipelago">Portuguese Empire in the Indonesian Archipelago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_India" title="Portuguese India">Portuguese India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theory_of_the_Portuguese_discovery_of_Australia" title="Theory of the Portuguese discovery of Australia">Theory of the Portuguese discovery of Australia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Dutch_colonial_empire" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Dutch_colonies" title="Template:Dutch colonies"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Dutch_colonies" title="Template talk:Dutch colonies"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Dutch_colonies" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Dutch colonies"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Dutch_colonial_empire" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Dutch_colonial_empire" title="Dutch colonial empire">Dutch colonial empire</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Colonies_and_trading_posts_of_the_Dutch_East_India_Company_(1602–1798)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Colonies and trading posts of the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_East_India_Company" title="Dutch East India Company">Dutch East India Company</a> (1602–1798)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Governorate General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Batavia,_Dutch_East_Indies" title="Batavia, Dutch East Indies">Batavia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Governorates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Governorate_of_Ambon" title="Governorate of Ambon">Ambon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governorate_of_the_Banda_Islands" title="Governorate of the Banda Islands">Banda Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Cape_Colony" title="Dutch Cape Colony">Cape Colony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Celebes" title="Dutch Celebes">Celebes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Ceylon" title="Dutch Ceylon">Ceylon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Coromandel" title="Dutch Coromandel">Coromandel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Formosa" title="Dutch Formosa">Formosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Malacca" title="Dutch Malacca">Malacca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maluku_Islands#Dutch" title="Maluku Islands">Moluccas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semarang#History" title="Semarang">Northeast coast of Java</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Directorates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Bengal" title="Dutch Bengal">Bengal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandar_Abbas" title="Bandar Abbas">Persia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Suratte" title="Dutch Suratte">Suratte</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Commandments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banten_(town)" title="Banten (town)">Bantam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Malabar" title="Dutch Malabar">Malabar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padang" title="Padang">West coast of Sumatra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Residency_(administrative_division)" title="Residency (administrative division)">Residencies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banten_(town)" title="Banten (town)">Bantam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banjarmasin" title="Banjarmasin">Banjarmasin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batavia,_Dutch_East_Indies" title="Batavia, Dutch East Indies">Batavia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cirebon" title="Cirebon">Cheribon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Malang" class="mw-redirect" title="Greater Malang">Malang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palembang" title="Palembang">Palembang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parahyangan" title="Parahyangan">Preanger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontianak,_Indonesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Pontianak, Indonesia">Pontianak</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Opperhoofd" title="Opperhoofd">Opperhoofd</a> settlements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Canton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dejima" title="Dejima">Dejima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Mauritius" title="Dutch Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayutthaya_Kingdom#Contacts_with_the_West" title="Ayutthaya Kingdom">Siam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Timor" title="West Timor">Timor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonkin" title="Tonkin">Tonkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tr%E1%BB%8Bnh%E2%80%93Nguy%E1%BB%85n_War" title="Trịnh–Nguyễn War">Vietnam (1637–1643)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Colonies_and_trading_posts_of_the_Dutch_West_India_Company_(1621–1792)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Colonies and trading posts of the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_West_India_Company" title="Dutch West India Company">Dutch West India Company</a> (1621–1792)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Colonies in the Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Berbice" title="Berbice">Berbice</a> <sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Brazil" title="Dutch Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cayenne_(Dutch_colony)" title="Cayenne (Dutch colony)">Cayenne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cura%C3%A7ao_and_Dependencies" class="mw-redirect" title="Curaçao and Dependencies">Curaçao and Dependencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demerara" title="Demerara">Demerara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Essequibo_(colony)" title="Essequibo (colony)">Essequibo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Netherland" title="New Netherland">New Netherland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomeroon_(colony)" title="Pomeroon (colony)">Pomeroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SSS_islands" title="SSS islands">Sint Eustatius and Dependencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surinam_(Dutch_colony)" title="Surinam (Dutch colony)">Surinam</a> <sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tobago" title="Tobago">Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Virgin_Islands" title="Dutch Virgin Islands">Virgin Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Trading posts in Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arguin" title="Arguin">Arguin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Gold_Coast" title="Dutch Gold Coast">Gold Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Loango-Angola" title="Dutch Loango-Angola">Loango-Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senegambia_(Dutch_West_India_Company)" title="Senegambia (Dutch West India Company)">Senegambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Slave_Coast" title="Dutch Slave Coast">Slave Coast</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><sup><small>1</small></sup> Governed by the <a href="/wiki/Society_of_Berbice" title="Society of Berbice">Society of Berbice</a></li> <li><sup><small>2</small></sup> Governed by the <a href="/wiki/Society_of_Suriname" title="Society of Suriname">Society of Suriname</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Settlements_of_the_Noordsche_Compagnie_(1614–1642)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Settlements of the <a href="/wiki/Noordsche_Compagnie" title="Noordsche Compagnie">Noordsche Compagnie</a> (1614–1642)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Settlements" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Settlements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Mayen" title="Jan Mayen">Jan Mayen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smeerenburg" title="Smeerenburg">Smeerenburg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Colonies_of_the_Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands_(1815–1975)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Colonies of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands" title="Kingdom of the Netherlands">Kingdom of the Netherlands</a> (1815–1975)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Until 1825</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Bengal" title="Dutch Bengal">Bengal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Coromandel" title="Dutch Coromandel">Coromandel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Malacca" title="Dutch Malacca">Malacca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Suratte" title="Dutch Suratte">Suratte</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Until 1853</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dejima" title="Dejima">Dejima</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Until 1872</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Gold_Coast" title="Dutch Gold Coast">Gold Coast</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Until 1949</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_East_Indies" title="Dutch East Indies">Dutch East Indies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Until 1954</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cura%C3%A7ao_and_Dependencies" class="mw-redirect" title="Curaçao and Dependencies">Curaçao and Dependencies</a> <sup><small>3</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surinam_(Dutch_colony)" title="Surinam (Dutch colony)">Surinam</a> <sup><small>3</small></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Until 1962</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_New_Guinea" title="Dutch New Guinea">New Guinea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><sup><small>3</small></sup> <span class="wrap">Became <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands#Constituent_countries" title="Kingdom of the Netherlands">constituent countries</a> of the Kingdom of the Netherlands; <a href="/wiki/Suriname_(Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands)" title="Suriname (Kingdom of the Netherlands)">Suriname</a> gained <a href="/wiki/Suriname" title="Suriname">full independence</a> in 1975, Curaçao and Dependencies was renamed to the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands_Antilles" title="Netherlands Antilles">Netherlands Antilles</a>, which was eventually dissolved in 2010.</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185221#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185221#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185221#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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