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vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Creation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 Creation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Creation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Development" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Development"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 Development </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Development-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-21st_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#21st_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4 21st century </div> </a> <ul id="toc-21st_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Activities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Activities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Activities </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Activities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Media </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Official_UNESCO_NGOs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Official_UNESCO_NGOs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Official UNESCO NGOs </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Official_UNESCO_NGOs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Institutes_and_centres" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Institutes_and_centres"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Institutes and centres </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Institutes_and_centres-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Prizes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prizes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Prizes </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Prizes-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Prizes subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Prizes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Education </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Natural_Sciences" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Natural_Sciences"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Natural Sciences </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Natural_Sciences-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Social_and_Human_Sciences" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Social_and_Human_Sciences"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3 Social and Human Sciences </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Social_and_Human_Sciences-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.4 Culture </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Communication_and_Information" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Communication_and_Information"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.5 Communication and Information </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Communication_and_Information-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Peace" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Peace"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.6 Peace </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Peace-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Inactive_prizes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Inactive_prizes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.7 Inactive prizes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Inactive_prizes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_Days_observed_at_UNESCO" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_Days_observed_at_UNESCO"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 International Days observed at UNESCO </div> </a> <ul id="toc-International_Days_observed_at_UNESCO-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Member_states" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Member_states"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Member states </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Member_states-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Governing_bodies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Governing_bodies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Governing bodies </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Governing_bodies-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Governing bodies subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Governing_bodies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Director-General" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Director-General"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1 Director-General </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Director-General-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-General_Conference" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General_Conference"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.2 General Conference </div> </a> <ul id="toc-General_Conference-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Executive_Board" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Executive_Board"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.3 Executive Board </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Executive_Board-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Offices_and_headquarters" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Offices_and_headquarters"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Offices and headquarters </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Offices_and_headquarters-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Offices and headquarters subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Offices_and_headquarters-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Field_offices_by_region" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Field_offices_by_region"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.1 Field offices by region </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Field_offices_by_region-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Africa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Africa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.1.1 Africa </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Africa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arab_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arab_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.1.2 Arab States </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arab_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Asia_and_Pacific" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Asia_and_Pacific"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.1.3 Asia and Pacific </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Asia_and_Pacific-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Europe_and_North_America" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Europe_and_North_America"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.1.4 Europe and North America </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Europe_and_North_America-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Latin_America_and_the_Caribbean" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Latin_America_and_the_Caribbean"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.1.5 Latin America and the Caribbean </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Latin_America_and_the_Caribbean-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Partner_organisations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Partner_organisations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.2 Partner organisations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Partner_organisations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Controversies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Controversies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Controversies </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Controversies-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Controversies subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Controversies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-New_World_Information_and_Communication_Order" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_World_Information_and_Communication_Order"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.1 New World Information and Communication Order </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_World_Information_and_Communication_Order-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-China" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#China"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.2 China </div> </a> <ul id="toc-China-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Israel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Israel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.3 Israel </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Israel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Occupied_Palestine_Resolution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Occupied_Palestine_Resolution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.3.1 Occupied Palestine Resolution </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Occupied_Palestine_Resolution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Palestine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Palestine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.4 Palestine </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Palestine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Palestinian_youth_magazine_controversy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Palestinian_youth_magazine_controversy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.4.1 Palestinian youth magazine controversy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Palestinian_youth_magazine_controversy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Islamic_University_of_Gaza_controversy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Islamic_University_of_Gaza_controversy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.4.2 Islamic University of Gaza controversy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Islamic_University_of_Gaza_controversy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Listing_Nanjing_Massacre_documents" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Listing_Nanjing_Massacre_documents"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.5 Listing Nanjing Massacre documents </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Listing_Nanjing_Massacre_documents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-US_withdrawals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#US_withdrawals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.6 US withdrawals </div> </a> <ul id="toc-US_withdrawals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kurdish–Turkish_conflict" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kurdish–Turkish_conflict"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.7 Kurdish–Turkish conflict </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kurdish–Turkish_conflict-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Campaigns_against_illicit_art_trading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Campaigns_against_illicit_art_trading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.8 Campaigns against illicit art trading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Campaigns_against_illicit_art_trading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Products_and_services" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Products_and_services"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Products and services </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Products_and_services-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Products and services subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Products_and_services-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Information_processing_tools" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Information_processing_tools"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.1 Information processing tools </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Information_processing_tools-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 16 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 17 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">UNESCO</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 181 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-181" aria-hidden="true" > 181 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%8A%D1%8D%D0%BF%D0%BA%D1%8A_%D0%97%D1%8D%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%8D%D1%82_%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8D_%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B3%D1%8A%D1%8D%D0%BC,_%D1%88%D1%8A%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B3%D1%8A%D1%8D%D0%BC,_%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BC_%D0%BF%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8A" title="Лъэпкъ Зэгуэт Организациэ еджэныгъэм, шъэныгъэм, културэм пылъ – Kabardian" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Лъэпкъ Зэгуэт Организациэ еджэныгъэм, шъэныгъэм, културэм пылъ" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="Kabardian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Адыгэбзэ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unesco" title="Unesco – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Unesco" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="UNESCO" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8B%A9%E1%8A%94%E1%88%B5%E1%8A%AE" title="ዩኔስኮ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ዩኔስኮ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%A3%D0%9D%D0%95%D0%A1%D0%9A%D0%9E" title="ИУНЕСКО – Abkhazian" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="ИУНЕСКО" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhazian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Аԥсшәа</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%83%D9%88" title="يونسكو – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="يونسكو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unesco" title="Unesco – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Unesco" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B5%D5%88%D5%92%D5%86%D4%B5%D5%8D%D5%94%D5%95" title="ԵՈՒՆԵՍՔՕ – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="ԵՈՒՆԵՍՔՕ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Արեւմտահայերէն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organisacion_de_les_Nacions_unies_por_l%E2%80%99%C3%A8ducacion,_la_science_et_la_cultura" title="Organisacion de les Nacions unies por l’èducacion, la science et la cultura – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Organisacion de les Nacions unies por l’èducacion, la science et la cultura" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Arpetan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%98_%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE,_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9E%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%86%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%81_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%83%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%BE" title="ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘ শিক্ষা, বিজ্ঞান আৰু সংস্কৃতি সংস্থা – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘ শিক্ষা, বিজ্ঞান আৰু সংস্কৃতি সংস্থা" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">অসমীয়া</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="UNESCO" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unesco" title="Unesco – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Unesco" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Avañe'ẽ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="UNESCO" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B3%DA%A9%D9%88" title="یونسکو – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="یونسکو" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="UNESCO" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%98_%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE,_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9E%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%93_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%83%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%BE" title="জাতিসংঘ শিক্ষা, বিজ্ঞান ও সংস্কৃতি সংস্থা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জাতিসংঘ শিক্ষা, বিজ্ঞান ও সংস্কৃতি সংস্থা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pahimpunan_Pandidikan,_Kailmuan,_wan_Kabudayaan_Pasarikatan_Bangsa-Bangsa" title="Pahimpunan Pandidikan, Kailmuan, wan Kabudayaan Pasarikatan Bangsa-Bangsa – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Pahimpunan Pandidikan, Kailmuan, wan Kabudayaan Pasarikatan Bangsa-Bangsa" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Banjar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="UNESCO" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AE%D0%9D%D0%95%D0%A1%D0%9A%D0%9E" title="ЮНЕСКО – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="ЮНЕСКО" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AE%D0%9D%D0%95%D0%A1%D0%9A%D0%90" title="ЮНЕСКА – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="ЮНЕСКА" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%90%D0%B1%E2%80%99%D1%8F%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D1%9E_%D0%BF%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8F%D1%85_%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%96,_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%96_%D1%96_%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Арганізацыя Аб’яднаных Нацыяў па пытаньнях адукацыі, навукі і культуры – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Арганізацыя Аб’яднаных Нацыяў па пытаньнях адукацыі, навукі і культуры" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B" title="यूनेस्को – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="यूनेस्को" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organisasyon_kan_Nagkakasararong_Nasyon_para_sa_Edukasyon,_Siyensya_asin_Kultura" title="Organisasyon kan Nagkakasararong Nasyon para sa Edukasyon, Siyensya asin Kultura – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Organisasyon kan Nagkakasararong Nasyon para sa Edukasyon, Siyensya asin Kultura" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AE%D0%9D%D0%95%D0%A1%D0%9A%D0%9E" title="ЮНЕСКО – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="ЮНЕСКО" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="UNESCO" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Boarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="UNESCO" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="UNESCO" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AE%D0%9D%D0%95%D0%A1%D0%9A%D0%9E" title="ЮНЕСКО – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="ЮНЕСКО" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target">Буряад</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="UNESCO" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AE%D0%9D%D0%95%D0%A1%D0%9A%D0%9E" title="ЮНЕСКО – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="ЮНЕСКО" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="UNESCO" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="UNESCO" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="UNESCO" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%83%D9%88" title="ليونيسكو – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="ليونيسكو" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">الدارجة</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="UNESCO" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="UNESCO" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CE%BA%CF%80%CE%B1%CE%B9%CE%B4%CE%B5%CF%85%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%95%CF%80%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B9_%CE%A0%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%B9%CF%84%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%9F%CF%81%CE%B3%CE%AC%CE%BD%CF%89%CF%83%CE%B7_%CF%84%CF%89%CE%BD_%CE%97%CE%BD%CF%89%CE%BC%CE%AD%CE%BD%CF%89%CE%BD_%CE%95%CE%B8%CE%BD%CF%8E%CE%BD" title="Εκπαιδευτική Επιστημονική και Πολιτιστική Οργάνωση των Ηνωμένων Εθνών – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Εκπαιδευτική Επιστημονική και Πολιτιστική Οργάνωση των Ηνωμένων Εθνών" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="UNESCO" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Emiliàn e rumagnòl</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unesco" title="Unesco – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Unesco" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unesko" title="Unesko – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Unesko" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="UNESCO" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target">Estremeñu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="UNESCO" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B3%DA%A9%D9%88" title="یونسکو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="یونسکو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="UNESCO" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="UNESCO" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organisation_des_Nations_unies_pour_l%27%C3%A9ducation,_la_science_et_la_culture" title="Organisation des Nations unies pour l'éducation, la science et la culture – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Organisation des Nations unies pour l'éducation, la science et la culture" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="UNESCO" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO – Fula" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="UNESCO" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="Fula" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fulfulde</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/EOECNA" title="EOECNA – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="EOECNA" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="UNESCO" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9C%A0%EB%84%A4%EC%8A%A4%EC%BD%94" title="유네스코 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="유네스코" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="UNESCO" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%85%D5%88%D5%92%D5%86%D4%B5%D5%8D%D4%BF%D5%95" title="ՅՈՒՆԵՍԿՕ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="ՅՈՒՆԵՍԿՕ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B" title="यूनेस्को – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="यूनेस्को" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="UNESCO" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hornjoserbsce</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="UNESCO" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organizuro_di_Unionita_Nacioni_pri_Eduko,_Cienco_e_Kulturo" title="Organizuro di Unionita Nacioni pri Eduko, Cienco e Kulturo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Organizuro di Unionita Nacioni pri Eduko, Cienco e Kulturo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="UNESCO" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ilokano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organisasi_Pendidikan,_Keilmuan,_dan_Kebudayaan_Perserikatan_Bangsa-Bangsa" title="Organisasi Pendidikan, Keilmuan, dan Kebudayaan Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Organisasi Pendidikan, Keilmuan, dan Kebudayaan Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="UNESCO" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="UNESCO" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/I-UNESCO" title="I-UNESCO – Xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="I-UNESCO" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="Xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiXhosa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menningarm%C3%A1lastofnun_Sameinu%C3%B0u_%C3%BEj%C3%B3%C3%B0anna" title="Menningarmálastofnun Sameinuðu þjóðanna – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Menningarmálastofnun Sameinuðu þjóðanna" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="UNESCO" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%A1%D7%A7%22%D7%95" title="אונסק"ו – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אונסק"ו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="UNESCO" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNESCO_%C5%8Bgb%C9%9By%C9%9B" title="UNESCO ŋgbɛyɛ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="UNESCO ŋgbɛyɛ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kabɩyɛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B6%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A5%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%AF_%E0%B2%B6%E0%B3%88%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B7%E0%B2%A3%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%95,_%E0%B2%B5%E0%B3%88%E0%B2%9C%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9E%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%95_%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%81_%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%83%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%95_%E0%B2%86%E0%B2%AF%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%97" title="ವಿಶ್ವಸಂಸ್ಥೆಯ ಶೈಕ್ಷಣಿಕ, ವೈಜ್ಞಾನಿಕ ಮತ್ತು ಸಾಂಸ್ಕೃತಿಕ ಆಯೋಗ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ವಿಶ್ವಸಂಸ್ಥೆಯ ಶೈಕ್ಷಣಿಕ, ವೈಜ್ಞಾನಿಕ ಮತ್ತು ಸಾಂಸ್ಕೃತಿಕ ಆಯೋಗ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%8A%D1%83%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD,_%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D1%8D%D0%BC%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Бирлешген Миллетлени окъуудан, илмудан эмда культурадан организациясы – Karachay-Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Бирлешген Миллетлени окъуудан, илмудан эмда культурадан организациясы" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karachay-Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Къарачай-малкъар</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D" title="იუნესკო – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="იუნესკო" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AE%D0%9D%D0%95%D0%A1%D0%9A%D0%9E" title="ЮНЕСКО – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="ЮНЕСКО" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="UNESCO" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="UNESCO" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/INESKO" title="INESKO – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="INESKO" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="UNESCO" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AE%D0%9D%D0%95%D0%A1%D0%9A%D0%9E" title="ЮНЕСКО – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="ЮНЕСКО" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="UNESCO" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="UNESCO" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladino</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%B8%E0%BA%8D%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%AA%E0%BB%82%E0%BA%81" title="ອຸຍແນສໂກ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ອຸຍແນສໂກ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target">ລາວ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="UNESCO" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="UNESCO" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="UNESCO" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="UNESCO" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="UNESCO" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ligure</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="UNESCO" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ling%C3%B3mb%C3%A1_lya_Bot%C3%A1ng%C3%ADs%C3%AD_Nzebi_mp%C3%A9_Liy%C3%A9bi_lya_Bik%C3%B3lo_B%C3%ADns%C9%94" title="Lingómbá lya Botángísí Nzebi mpé Liyébi lya Bikólo Bínsɔ – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Lingómbá lya Botángísí Nzebi mpé Liyébi lya Bikólo Bínsɔ" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingála</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Organiza_de_Educa,_Siensa,_e_Cultur_de_la_NU" title="La Organiza de Educa, Siensa, e Cultur de la NU – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="La Organiza de Educa, Siensa, e Cultur de la NU" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingua Franca Nova</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="UNESCO" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Livvinkarjala</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="UNESCO" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="UNESCO" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B_(UNESCO)" title="यूनेस्को (UNESCO) – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="यूनेस्को (UNESCO)" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target">मैथिली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%9D%D0%95%D0%A1%D0%9A%D0%9E" title="УНЕСКО – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="УНЕСКО" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="UNESCO" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8B" title="യുനെസ്കോ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="യുനെസ്കോ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="UNESCO" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B" title="युनेस्को – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="युनेस्को" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D" title="იუნესკო – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="იუნესკო" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%83%D9%88" title="يونيسكو – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="يونيسكو" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B3%DA%A9%D9%88" title="یونسکو – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="یونسکو" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pertubuhan_Pendidikan,_Sains_dan_Kebudayaan_PBB" title="Pertubuhan Pendidikan, Sains dan Kebudayaan PBB – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pertubuhan Pendidikan, Sains dan Kebudayaan PBB" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organisasi_Pandidikan,_Ilmu_Pangatahuan,_jo_Kabudayaan_Pasarikatan_Banso-Banso" title="Organisasi Pandidikan, Ilmu Pangatahuan, jo Kabudayaan Pasarikatan Banso-Banso – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Organisasi Pandidikan, Ilmu Pangatahuan, jo Kabudayaan Pasarikatan Banso-Banso" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target">Minangkabau</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li%C3%A8ng-h%C4%83k-gu%C3%B3k_G%C3%A1u-%E1%B9%B3%CC%86k,_Ku%C5%8F-h%C5%8Fk_g%C3%A2e%CC%A4ng_%C3%99ng-hu%C3%A1_C%C5%AB-c%C3%A9k" title="Lièng-hăk-guók Gáu-ṳ̆k, Kuŏ-hŏk gâe̤ng Ùng-huá Cū-cék – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Lièng-hăk-guók Gáu-ṳ̆k, Kuŏ-hŏk gâe̤ng Ùng-huá Cū-cék" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ourganiza%C3%A7on_de_las_Naciones_Ounidas_pa_la_Eiduca%C3%A7on,_la_Ci%C3%A9ncia_i_la_Cultura" title="Ourganizaçon de las Naciones Ounidas pa la Eiducaçon, la Ciéncia i la Cultura – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Ourganizaçon de las Naciones Ounidas pa la Eiducaçon, la Ciéncia i la Cultura" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Mirandés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AE%D0%9D%D0%95%D0%A1%D0%9A%D0%9E" title="ЮНЕСКО – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="ЮНЕСКО" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9A%E1%80%B0%E1%80%94%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%80%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF" title="ယူနက်စကို – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ယူနက်စကို" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="UNESCO" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="UNESCO" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nedersaksies</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B" title="युनेस्को – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="युनेस्को" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B" title="युनेस्को – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="युनेस्को" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%9A%9B%E9%80%A3%E5%90%88%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E6%A9%9F%E9%96%A2" title="国際連合教育科学文化機関 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="国際連合教育科学文化機関" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organizzazione_d%27%27e_Nazzione_Aunite_pe_ll%27Aducazione,_%27a_Scienza_e_%27a_Cultura" title="Organizzazione d''e Nazzione Aunite pe ll'Aducazione, 'a Scienza e 'a Cultura – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Organizzazione d''e Nazzione Aunite pe ll'Aducazione, 'a Scienza e 'a Cultura" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Napulitano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD,_%D3%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD,_%D0%BE%D1%8C%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%B3%D3%80%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%8C%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D1%8A%D0%B0%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%9A%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Дешаран, Ӏилманан, оьздангаллин гӀуллакхийн Вовшахтоьхна Къаьмнийн Кхоллам – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Дешаран, Ӏилманан, оьздангаллин гӀуллакхийн Вовшахтоьхна Къаьмнийн Кхоллам" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="UNESCO" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="UNESCO" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="UNESCO" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="UNESCO" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AD%9F%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%A8%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%B8%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%95%E0%AD%8B" title="ୟୁନେସ୍କୋ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ୟୁନେସ୍କୋ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target">ଓଡ଼ିଆ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="UNESCO" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AF%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%8B" title="ਯੂਨੈਸਕੋ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਯੂਨੈਸਕੋ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B3%DA%A9%D9%88" title="یونیسکو – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="یونیسکو" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9A%E1%80%B0%E1%80%94%E1%80%B2%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9E%E1%80%80%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF" title="ယူနဲတ်သကို – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="ယူနဲတ်သကို" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target">ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="UNESCO" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target">Papiamentu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B3%DA%A9%D9%88" title="يونيسکو – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="يونيسکو" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%8E%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%BC" title="យូណេស្កូ – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="យូណេស្កូ" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target">ភាសាខ្មែរ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="UNESCO" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="UNESCO" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="UNESCO" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organiza%C3%A7%C3%A3o_das_Na%C3%A7%C3%B5es_Unidas_para_a_Educa%C3%A7%C3%A3o,_a_Ci%C3%AAncia_e_a_Cultura" title="Organização das Nações Unidas para a Educação, a Ciência e a Cultura – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Organização das Nações Unidas para a Educação, a Ciência e a Cultura" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/YuNESKO" title="YuNESKO – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="YuNESKO" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qaraqalpaqsha</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/YUNESKO" title="YUNESKO – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="YUNESKO" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qırımtatarca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organiza%C8%9Bia_Na%C8%9Biunilor_Unite_pentru_Educa%C8%9Bie,_%C8%98tiin%C8%9B%C4%83_%C8%99i_Cultur%C4%83" title="Organizația Națiunilor Unite pentru Educație, Știință și Cultură – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Organizația Națiunilor Unite pentru Educație, Știință și Cultură" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO – Romansh" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="UNESCO" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Romansh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Rumantsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="UNESCO" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AE%D0%9D%D0%95%D0%A1%D0%9A%D0%9E" title="ЮНЕСКО – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="ЮНЕСКО" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русиньскый</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AE%D0%9D%D0%95%D0%A1%D0%9A%D0%9E" title="ЮНЕСКО – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="ЮНЕСКО" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AE%D0%9D%D0%95%D0%A1%D0%9A%D0%9E" title="ЮНЕСКО – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="ЮНЕСКО" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%99%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%98%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="संयुक्तराष्ट्रशैक्षिकवैज्ञानिकसांस्कृतिकसङ्घटनम् – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="संयुक्तराष्ट्रशैक्षिकवैज्ञानिकसांस्कृतिकसङ्घटनम्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target">संस्कृतम्</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9A" title="ᱭᱩᱱᱮᱥᱠᱚ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱭᱩᱱᱮᱥᱠᱚ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="UNESCO" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="UNESCO" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="UNESCO" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Seeltersk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="UNESCO" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="UNESCO" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%99%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%9D" title="යුනෙස්කෝ – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="යුනෙස්කෝ" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="UNESCO" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B3%DA%AA%D9%88" title="يونيسڪو – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="يونيسڪو" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organiz%C3%A1cia_Spojen%C3%BDch_n%C3%A1rodov_pre_vzdel%C3%A1vanie,_vedu_a_kult%C3%BAru" title="Organizácia Spojených národov pre vzdelávanie, vedu a kultúru – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Organizácia Spojených národov pre vzdelávanie, vedu a kultúru" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organizacija_Zdru%C5%BEenih_narodov_za_izobra%C5%BEevanje,_znanost_in_kulturo" title="Organizacija Združenih narodov za izobraževanje, znanost in kulturo – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Organizacija Združenih narodov za izobraževanje, znanost in kulturo" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="UNESCO" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8E%D8%B3%DA%A9%DB%86" title="یوونێسکۆ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="یوونێسکۆ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE" title="Унеско – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Унеско" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="UNESCO" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unesco" title="Unesco – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Unesco" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unesco" title="Unesco – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Unesco" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="UNESCO" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%90%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF_%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF,_%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D,_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="ஐக்கிய நாடுகள் கல்வி, அறிவியல், பண்பாட்டு நிறுவனம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஐக்கிய நாடுகள் கல்வி, அறிவியல், பண்பாட்டு நிறுவனம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamaddast_n_timtta_imunn_i_usgmi,_tamassant_d_tadlsa" title="Tamaddast n timtta imunn i usgmi, tamassant d tadlsa – Tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Tamaddast n timtta imunn i usgmi, tamassant d tadlsa" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="Tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taclḥit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuddsa_n_UNESCO" title="Tuddsa n UNESCO – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tuddsa n UNESCO" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taqbaylit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D3%99%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%84,_%D1%84%D3%99%D0%BD_%D2%BB%D3%99%D0%BC_%D0%BC%D3%99%D0%B4%D3%99%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%82_%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B0_%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%88%D0%BA%D3%99%D0%BD_%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%82%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%80_%D0%9E%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Мәгариф, фән һәм мәдәният сораулары буенча Берләшкән Милләтләр Оешмасы – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Мәгариф, фән һәм мәдәният сораулары буенча Берләшкән Милләтләр Оешмасы" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8B" title="యునెస్కో – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="యునెస్కో" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%81" title="ยูเนสโก – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ยูเนสโก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AE%D0%9D%D0%95%D0%A1%D0%9A%D0%9E" title="ЮНЕСКО – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="ЮНЕСКО" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="UNESCO" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sot-nta%CC%B1m_Tat-a%CC%B1pyia%CC%B1,_Sayen_ma%CC%B1ng_Taada_Mun%C3%A1%CC%B1pyia%CC%B1_Bibyin_Swanta" title="Sot-nta̱m Tat-a̱pyia̱, Sayen ma̱ng Taada Muná̱pyia̱ Bibyin Swanta – Tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Sot-nta̱m Tat-a̱pyia̱, Sayen ma̱ng Taada Muná̱pyia̱ Bibyin Swanta" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="Tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tyap</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AE%D0%9D%D0%95%D0%A1%D0%9A%D0%9E" title="ЮНЕСКО – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="ЮНЕСКО" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target">Удмурт</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AE%D0%9D%D0%95%D0%A1%D0%9A%D0%9E" title="ЮНЕСКО – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="ЮНЕСКО" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B3%DA%A9%D9%88" title="یونیسکو – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="یونیسکو" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%89%D8%B1%D9%84%DB%95%D8%B4%D9%83%DB%95%D9%86_%D8%AF%DB%86%D9%84%DB%95%D8%AA%D9%84%DB%95%D8%B1_%D8%AA%DB%95%D8%B4%D9%83%D9%89%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%89%D9%86%D9%89%DA%AD_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%89%D9%BE%D8%8C_%D8%A6%D9%89%D9%84%D9%89%D9%85-%D9%BE%DB%95%D9%86%D8%8C_%D9%85%DB%95%D8%AF%DB%95%D9%86%D9%89%D9%8A%DB%95%D8%AA_%D8%AA%DB%95%D8%B4%D9%83%D9%89%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%89" title="بىرلەشكەن دۆلەتلەر تەشكىلاتىنىڭ مائارىپ، ئىلىم-پەن، مەدەنىيەت تەشكىلاتى – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="بىرلەشكەن دۆلەتلەر تەشكىلاتىنىڭ مائارىپ، ئىلىم-پەن، مەدەنىيەت تەشكىلاتى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="UNESCO" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="UNESCO" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vepsän kel’</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%E1%BB%95_ch%E1%BB%A9c_Gi%C3%A1o_d%E1%BB%A5c,_Khoa_h%E1%BB%8Dc_v%C3%A0_V%C4%83n_h%C3%B3a_Li%C3%AAn_H%E1%BB%A3p_Qu%E1%BB%91c" title="Tổ chức Giáo dục, Khoa học và Văn hóa Liên Hợp Quốc – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tổ chức Giáo dục, Khoa học và Văn hóa Liên Hợp Quốc" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="UNESCO" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target">West-Vlams</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="UNESCO" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%9B%BD%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87" title="联合国教育科学文化组织 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="联合国教育科学文化组织" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%A2%D7%A1%D7%A7%D7%90" title="אונעסקא – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="אונעסקא" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="UNESCO" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E5%9C%8B%E6%95%99%E7%A7%91%E6%96%87%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94" title="聯合國教科文組織 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="聯合國教科文組織" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="UNESCO" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Žemaitėška</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%9B%BD%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E3%80%81%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E5%8F%8A%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87" title="联合国教育、科学及文化组织 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="联合国教育、科学及文化组织" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="UNESCO" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target">Batak Mandailing</a></li><li 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searchaux" style="display:none">Specialized agency of the United Nations</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><a href="/wiki/File:Logo_UNESCO_2021.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Logo_UNESCO_2021.svg/200px-Logo_UNESCO_2021.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="43" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Logo_UNESCO_2021.svg/300px-Logo_UNESCO_2021.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Logo_UNESCO_2021.svg/400px-Logo_UNESCO_2021.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="261" data-file-height="56" /></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_UNESCO.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_UNESCO.svg/220px-Flag_of_UNESCO.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_UNESCO.svg/330px-Flag_of_UNESCO.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_UNESCO.svg/440px-Flag_of_UNESCO.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_UNESCO" title="Flag of UNESCO">Flag of UNESCO</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Abbreviation</th><td class="infobox-data nickname">UNESCO</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Formation</th><td class="infobox-data note">16 November 1945; 79 years ago (1945-11-16)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_specialized_agencies_of_the_United_Nations" title="List of specialized agencies of the United Nations">United Nations specialized agency</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Legal status</th><td class="infobox-data">Active</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>, France</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Director-General</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Audrey_Azoulay" title="Audrey Azoulay">Audrey Azoulay</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Deputy Director-General</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xing_Qu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xing Qu (page does not exist)">Xing Qu</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Parent organization</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Economic_and_Social_Council" title="United Nations Economic and Social Council">United Nations Economic and Social Council</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Staff</th><td class="infobox-data">2,341 (in 2022<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unesco.org/">unesco.org</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid;"><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/16px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/24px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/32px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics portal</a></td></tr></tbody></table> The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO; pronounced <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/juːˈnɛskoʊ/</a>)<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-3">[a]</a> is a <a href="/wiki/List_of_specialized_agencies_of_the_United_Nations" title="List of specialized agencies of the United Nations">specialized agency</a> of the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> (UN) with the aim of promoting <a href="/wiki/World_peace" title="World peace">world peace</a> and <a href="/wiki/International_security" title="International security">security</a> through international cooperation in education, arts, <a href="/wiki/Sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="Sciences">sciences</a> and culture.<a href="#cite_note-4">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-history-5">[4]</a> It has <a href="/wiki/Member_states_of_UNESCO" title="Member states of UNESCO">194 member states</a> and 12 associate members,<a href="#cite_note-6">[5]</a> as well as partners in the <a href="/wiki/Non-governmental_organization" title="Non-governmental organization">non-governmental</a>, <a href="/wiki/Intergovernmental_organization" class="mw-redirect" title="Intergovernmental organization">intergovernmental</a> and <a href="/wiki/Private_sector" title="Private sector">private sector</a>.<a href="#cite_note-7">[6]</a> Headquartered in <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>, France, UNESCO has 53 regional field offices<a href="#cite_note-8">[7]</a> and 199 national commissions.<a href="#cite_note-9">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-10">[9]</a> UNESCO was founded in 1945 as the successor to the <a href="/wiki/League_of_Nations" title="League of Nations">League of Nations</a>' <a href="/wiki/International_Committee_on_Intellectual_Cooperation" title="International Committee on Intellectual Cooperation">International Committee on Intellectual Cooperation</a>.<a href="#cite_note-intellectualcooperation-11">[10]</a> UNESCO's founding mission, which was shaped by the events of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, is to advance <a href="/wiki/Peace" title="Peace">peace</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_development" title="Sustainable development">sustainable development</a> and human rights by facilitating collaboration and dialogue among nations.<a href="#cite_note-unesdoc.unesco.org-12">[11]</a> It pursues this objective through five major programme areas: education, <a href="/wiki/Natural_science" title="Natural science">natural sciences</a>, <a href="/wiki/Social_science" title="Social science">social</a>/<a href="/wiki/Human_science" title="Human science">human sciences</a>, culture and communication/information. UNESCO sponsors projects that improve <a href="/wiki/Literacy" title="Literacy">literacy</a>, provide technical training and education, advance science, protect independent media and <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_the_press" title="Freedom of the press">press freedom</a>, preserve <a href="/wiki/Region" title="Region">regional</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cultural_history" title="Cultural history">cultural history</a>, and promote <a href="/wiki/Cultural_diversity" title="Cultural diversity">cultural diversity</a>.<a href="#cite_note-13">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-14">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-15">[14]</a> The organization prominently helps establish and secure <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Sites</a> of <a href="/wiki/Cultural_heritage" title="Cultural heritage">cultural</a> and <a href="/wiki/Natural_heritage" title="Natural heritage">natural</a> importance.<a href="#cite_note-16">[15]</a> UNESCO is governed by the General Conference composed of member states and associate members, which meets biannually to set the agency's programs and budget. It also elects members of the executive board, which manages UNESCO's work, and appoints every four years a Director-General, who serves as UNESCO's chief administrator. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=UNESCO&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Origins">Origins</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=UNESCO&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Origins">edit</a>]</div> UNESCO and its mandate for international cooperation can be traced back to a <a href="/wiki/League_of_Nations" title="League of Nations">League of Nations</a> resolution on 21 September 1921, to elect a Commission to study the feasibility of having nations freely share cultural, educational and scientific achievements.<a href="#cite_note-17">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-18">[17]</a> This new body, the <a href="/wiki/International_Committee_on_Intellectual_Cooperation" title="International Committee on Intellectual Cooperation">International Committee on Intellectual Cooperation</a> (ICIC), was created in 1922<a href="#cite_note-intellectualcooperation-11">[10]</a> and counted such figures as <a href="/wiki/Henri_Bergson" title="Henri Bergson">Henri Bergson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein">Albert Einstein</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marie_Curie" title="Marie Curie">Marie Curie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_A._Millikan" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert A. Millikan">Robert A. Millikan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Gonzague_de_Reynold" title="Gonzague de Reynold">Gonzague de Reynold</a> among its members (being thus a small commission of the League of Nations essentially centred on Western Europe<a href="#cite_note-19">[18]</a>). The International Institute for Intellectual Cooperation (IIIC) was then created in Paris in September 1924, to act as the executing agency for the ICIC.<a href="#cite_note-20">[19]</a> However, the onset of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> largely interrupted the work of these predecessor organizations.<a href="#cite_note-21">[20]</a> As for private initiatives, the <a href="/wiki/International_Bureau_of_Education" title="International Bureau of Education">International Bureau of Education</a> (IBE) began to work as a <a href="/wiki/Non-governmental" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-governmental">non-governmental</a> organization in the service of international educational development since December 1925<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUNESCO1987-22">[21]</a> and joined UNESCO in 1969, after having established a joint commission in 1952.<a href="#cite_note-23">[22]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Creation">Creation</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=UNESCO&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Creation">edit</a>]</div> After the signing of the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Charter" title="Atlantic Charter">Atlantic Charter</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_the_United_Nations" class="mw-redirect" title="Declaration of the United Nations">Declaration of the United Nations</a>, the Conference of Allied Ministers of Education (CAME) began meetings in London which continued from 16 November 1942 to 5 December 1945. On 30 October 1943, the necessity for an international organization was expressed in the Moscow Declaration, agreed upon by <a href="/wiki/Nationalist_government" title="Nationalist government">China</a>, the United Kingdom, the United States and the USSR. This was followed by the <a href="/wiki/Dumbarton_Oaks_Conference" title="Dumbarton Oaks Conference">Dumbarton Oaks Conference</a> proposals of 9 October 1944. Upon the proposal of CAME and in accordance with the recommendations of the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Conference_on_International_Organization" title="United Nations Conference on International Organization">United Nations Conference on International Organization</a> (UNCIO), held in San Francisco from April to June 1945, a United Nations Conference for the establishment of an educational and cultural organization (ECO/CONF) was convened in London from 1 to 16 November 1945 with 44 governments represented. The idea of UNESCO was largely developed by <a href="/wiki/Rab_Butler" title="Rab Butler">Rab Butler</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Education" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Education">Minister of Education</a> for the United Kingdom, who had a great deal of influence in its development.<a href="#cite_note-24">[23]</a> At the ECO/CONF, the Constitution of UNESCO was introduced and signed by 37 countries, and a Preparatory Commission was established.<a href="#cite_note-25">[24]</a> The Preparatory Commission operated between 16 November 1945, and 4 November 1946 — the date when UNESCO's Constitution came into force with the deposit of the twentieth ratification by a member state.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUnesco1945-26">[25]</a> The first General Conference took place from 19 November to 10 December 1946, and elected <a href="/wiki/Julian_Huxley" title="Julian Huxley">Julian Huxley</a> to Director-General.<a href="#cite_note-27">[26]</a> United States Army colonel, university president and <a href="/wiki/Civil_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil rights">civil rights</a> advocate <a href="/wiki/Blake_R._Van_Leer" title="Blake R. Van Leer">Blake R. Van Leer</a> joined as a member as well.<a href="#cite_note-28">[27]</a> The Constitution was amended in November 1954 when the General Conference resolved that members of the executive board would be representatives of the governments of the States of which they are nationals and would not, as before, act in their personal capacity.<a href="#cite_note-29">[28]</a> This change in governance distinguished UNESCO from its predecessor, the ICIC, in how member states would work together in the organization's fields of competence. As member states worked together over time to realize UNESCO's mandate, political and historical factors have shaped the organization's operations in particular during the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Decolonization" title="Decolonization">decolonization</a> process, and the <a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Dissolution of the Soviet Union">dissolution of the Soviet Union</a>.<a href="#cite_note-30">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-31">[30]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Development">Development</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=UNESCO&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Development">edit</a>]</div> Among the major achievements of the organization is its work against racism, for example through influential <a href="/wiki/The_Race_Question" class="mw-redirect" title="The Race Question">statements on race</a> starting with a declaration of anthropologists (among them was <a href="/wiki/Claude_L%C3%A9vi-Strauss" title="Claude Lévi-Strauss">Claude Lévi-Strauss</a>) and other scientists in 1950 and concluding with the 1978 <a href="/wiki/The_Race_Question#Legacy_and_other_UNESCO_statements" class="mw-redirect" title="The Race Question">Declaration on Race and Racial Prejudice</a>.<a href="#cite_note-32">[31]</a> In 1955, the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_South_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of South Africa">Republic of South Africa</a> withdrew from UNESCO saying that some of the organization's publications amounted to "interference" in the country's "racial problems".<a href="#cite_note-33">[32]</a> It rejoined the organization in 1994 under the leadership of <a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela" title="Nelson Mandela">Nelson Mandela</a>.<a href="#cite_note-34">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-35">[34]</a> One of the early work of UNESCO in the education field was a pilot project on fundamental education in the Marbial Valley, Haiti, which was launched in 1947. Following this project one of expert missions to other countries, included a 1949 mission to Afghanistan.<a href="#cite_note-:0-36">[35]</a> UNESCO recommended in 1948 that Member countries should make free primary education <a href="/wiki/Compulsory_education" title="Compulsory education">compulsory</a> and universal.<a href="#cite_note-:0-36">[35]</a> The <a href="/w/index.php?title=The_1990_World_Conference_on_Education_for_All&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The 1990 World Conference on Education for All (page does not exist)">World Conference on Education for All</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Jomtien" class="mw-redirect" title="Jomtien">Jomtien</a>, Thailand, started a global movement in 1990 to provide basic education for all children, youths and adults.<a href="#cite_note-:0-36">[35]</a> In 2000, <a href="/wiki/World_Education_Forum" title="World Education Forum">World Education Forum</a> in <a href="/wiki/Dakar" title="Dakar">Dakar</a>, Senegal, led member governments to commit for achieving basic education for all in 2015.<a href="#cite_note-:0-36">[35]</a> The <a href="/wiki/World_Declaration_on_Higher_Education" title="World Declaration on Higher Education">World Declaration on Higher Education</a> was adopted by UNESCO's World Conference on Higher Education on 9 October 1998,<a href="#cite_note-37">[36]</a> with the aim of setting global standards on the ideals and accessibility of <a href="/wiki/Higher_education" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education">higher education</a>. UNESCO's early activities in culture included the <a href="/wiki/International_Campaign_to_Save_the_Monuments_of_Nubia" title="International Campaign to Save the Monuments of Nubia">International Campaign to Save the Monuments of Nubia</a>, launched in 1960.<a href="#cite_note-38">[37]</a> The purpose of the campaign was to move the Great Temple of <a href="/wiki/Abu_Simbel" title="Abu Simbel">Abu Simbel</a> to keep it from being swamped by the Nile after the construction of the <a href="/wiki/Aswan_Dam" title="Aswan Dam">Aswan Dam</a>. During the 20-year campaign, 22 monuments and architectural complexes were relocated. This was the first and largest in a series of campaigns including <a href="/wiki/Mohenjo-daro" title="Mohenjo-daro">Mohenjo-daro</a> (Pakistan), <a href="/wiki/Fes" class="mw-redirect" title="Fes">Fes</a> (Morocco), <a href="/wiki/Kathmandu" title="Kathmandu">Kathmandu</a> (Nepal), <a href="/wiki/Borobudur" title="Borobudur">Borobudur</a> (Indonesia) and the <a href="/wiki/Acropolis_of_Athens" title="Acropolis of Athens">Acropolis of Athens</a> (Greece).<a href="#cite_note-39">[38]</a> The organization's work on heritage led to the adoption, in 1972, of the Convention concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage.<a href="#cite_note-40">[39]</a> In 1976, the <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Committee" title="World Heritage Committee">World Heritage Committee</a> was established and the first sites were included on the <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_List" class="mw-redirect" title="World Heritage List">World Heritage List</a> in 1978.<a href="#cite_note-41">[40]</a> Since then important legal instruments on cultural heritage and diversity have been adopted by UNESCO member states in 2003 (Convention for the Safeguarding of the <a href="/wiki/Intangible_Cultural_Heritage" class="mw-redirect" title="Intangible Cultural Heritage">Intangible Cultural Heritage</a>)<a href="#cite_note-42">[41]</a> and 2005 (<a href="/wiki/Convention_on_the_Protection_and_Promotion_of_the_Diversity_of_Cultural_Expressions" title="Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions">Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions</a>).<a href="#cite_note-43">[42]</a> An intergovernmental meeting of UNESCO in Paris in December 1951 led to the creation of the <a href="/wiki/European_Council_for_Nuclear_Research" class="mw-redirect" title="European Council for Nuclear Research">European Council for Nuclear Research</a>, which was responsible for establishing the <a href="/wiki/European_Organization_for_Nuclear_Research" class="mw-redirect" title="European Organization for Nuclear Research">European Organization for Nuclear Research</a> (CERN)<a href="#cite_note-44">[43]</a> later on, in 1954.<a href="#cite_note-45">[44]</a> Arid Zone programming, 1948–1966, is another example of an early major UNESCO project in the field of natural sciences.<a href="#cite_note-46">[45]</a> In 1968, UNESCO organized the first intergovernmental conference aimed at reconciling the environment and development, a problem that continues to be addressed in the field of <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_development" title="Sustainable development">sustainable development</a>. The main outcome of the 1968 conference was the creation of UNESCO's <a href="/wiki/Man_and_the_Biosphere_Programme" title="Man and the Biosphere Programme">Man and the Biosphere Programme</a>.<a href="#cite_note-47">[46]</a> UNESCO has been credited with the diffusion of national science bureaucracies.<a href="#cite_note-48">[47]</a> In the field of communication, the "free flow of ideas by word and image" has been in UNESCO's constitution since it was established, following the experience of the Second World War when control of information was a factor in indoctrinating populations for aggression.<a href="#cite_note-:1-49">[48]</a> In the years immediately following World War II, efforts were concentrated on reconstruction and on the identification of needs for means of mass communication around the world. UNESCO started organizing training and education for journalists in the 1950s.<a href="#cite_note-:1-49">[48]</a> In response to calls for a "<a href="/wiki/New_World_Information_and_Communication_Order" title="New World Information and Communication Order">New World Information and Communication Order</a>" in the late 1970s, UNESCO established the International Commission for the Study of Communication Problems,<a href="#cite_note-:2-50">[49]</a> which produced the 1980 <a href="/wiki/MacBride_report" title="MacBride report">MacBride report</a> (named after the chair of the commission, the Nobel Peace Prize laureate <a href="/wiki/Se%C3%A1n_MacBride" title="Seán MacBride">Seán MacBride</a>).<a href="#cite_note-:2-50">[49]</a> The same year, UNESCO created the <a href="/wiki/International_Programme_for_the_Development_of_Communication" title="International Programme for the Development of Communication">International Programme for the Development of Communication</a> (IPDC), a multilateral forum designed to promote media development in developing countries.<a href="#cite_note-51">[50]</a> In 1993, UNESCO's General Conference endorsed the <a href="/wiki/Windhoek_Declaration" title="Windhoek Declaration">Windhoek Declaration</a> on <a href="/wiki/Media_independence" class="mw-redirect" title="Media independence">media independence</a> and pluralism, which led the UN General Assembly to declare the date of its adoption, 3 May, as <a href="/wiki/World_Press_Freedom_Day" title="World Press Freedom Day">World Press Freedom Day</a>.<a href="#cite_note-52">[51]</a> Since 1997, UNESCO has awarded the <a href="/wiki/UNESCO/Guillermo_Cano_World_Press_Freedom_Prize" title="UNESCO/Guillermo Cano World Press Freedom Prize">UNESCO / Guillermo Cano World Press Freedom Prize</a> every 3 May.<a href="#cite_note-53">[52]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="21st_century">21st century</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=UNESCO&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 21st century">edit</a>]</div> UNESCO admitted Palestine as a member in 2011.<a href="#cite_note-54">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-55">[54]</a> Laws passed in the United States after Palestine applied for UNESCO and <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">WHO</a> membership in April 1989<a href="#cite_note-Sakran2019-56">[55]</a><a href="#cite_note-57">[56]</a> mean that the United States cannot contribute financially to any UN organization that accepts Palestine as a full member.<a href="#cite_note-58">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-59">[58]</a> As a result, the United States withdrew its funding, which had accounted for about 22% of UNESCO's budget.<a href="#cite_note-60">[59]</a> Israel also reacted to Palestine's admittance to UNESCO by freezing Israeli payments to UNESCO and imposing sanctions on the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_National_Authority" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian National Authority">Palestinian Authority</a>,<a href="#cite_note-61">[60]</a> stating that Palestine's admittance would be detrimental "to potential peace talks".<a href="#cite_note-62">[61]</a> Two years after stopping payment of its dues to UNESCO, the United States and Israel lost UNESCO voting rights in 2013 without losing the right to be elected; thus, the United States was elected as a member of the executive board for the period 2016–19.<a href="#cite_note-63">[62]</a> In 2019, Israel left UNESCO after 69 years of membership, with Israel's ambassador to the UN <a href="/wiki/Danny_Danon" title="Danny Danon">Danny Danon</a> writing: "UNESCO is the body that continually rewrites history, including by erasing the Jewish connection to Jerusalem... it is corrupted and manipulated by Israel's enemies... we are not going to be a member of an organisation that deliberately acts against us".<a href="#cite_note-64">[63]</a> 2023 saw Russia excluded from the executive committee for the first time, after failing to get sufficient votes.<a href="#cite_note-65">[64]</a> The United States stated its intent to rejoin UNESCO in 2023, 5 years after leaving, and to pay its $600 million in back dues.<a href="#cite_note-usa2023-66">[65]</a> The United States was readmitted by the <a href="/wiki/UNESCO_General_Conference" class="mw-redirect" title="UNESCO General Conference">UNESCO General Conference</a> that July.<a href="#cite_note-uspbs-67">[66]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Activities">Activities</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=UNESCO&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Activities">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:UNESCO_Bras%C3%ADlia_Office.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/UNESCO_Bras%C3%ADlia_Office.jpg/220px-UNESCO_Bras%C3%ADlia_Office.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/UNESCO_Bras%C3%ADlia_Office.jpg/330px-UNESCO_Bras%C3%ADlia_Office.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/UNESCO_Bras%C3%ADlia_Office.jpg/440px-UNESCO_Bras%C3%ADlia_Office.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2576" data-file-height="1932" /></a><figcaption>UNESCO offices in <a href="/wiki/Bras%C3%ADlia" title="Brasília">Brasília</a></figcaption></figure> UNESCO implements its activities through five programme areas: education, natural sciences, social and human sciences, culture, and communication and information.<a href="#cite_note-68">[67]</a> <ul><li>UNESCO supports research in <a href="/wiki/Comparative_education" title="Comparative education">comparative education</a>, provides expertise and fosters partnerships to strengthen national educational leadership and the capacity of countries to offer quality education for all. This includes the <ul><li><a href="/wiki/UNESCO_Chairs" title="UNESCO Chairs">UNESCO Chairs</a>, an international network of 644 UNESCO chairs, involving more than 770 institutions in 126 countries</li> <li>Environmental Conservation Organization</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convention_against_Discrimination_in_Education" class="mw-redirect" title="Convention against Discrimination in Education">Convention against Discrimination in Education</a> adopted in 1960</li> <li>Organization of the International Conference on Adult Education (CONFINTEA) in an interval of 12 years</li> <li>Publication of the Education for All Global Monitoring Report</li> <li>Publication of the Four Pillars of Learning seminal document</li> <li><a href="/wiki/UNESCO_ASPNet" class="mw-redirect" title="UNESCO ASPNet">UNESCO ASPNet</a>, an international network of more than 12,000 schools in 182 countries</li></ul></li></ul> UNESCO does not accredit institutions of higher learning.<a href="#cite_note-69">[68]</a> <ul><li>UNESCO also issues public statements to educate the public: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Seville_Statement_on_Violence" title="Seville Statement on Violence">Seville Statement on Violence</a>: A statement adopted by UNESCO in 1989 to refute the notion that humans are biologically predisposed to organized violence.</li></ul></li> <li>Designating projects and places of cultural and scientific significance, such as: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Global_Geoparks_Network" class="mw-redirect" title="Global Geoparks Network">Global Geoparks Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biosphere_reserve" class="mw-redirect" title="Biosphere reserve">Biosphere reserves</a>, through the <a href="/wiki/Programme_on_Man_and_the_Biosphere" class="mw-redirect" title="Programme on Man and the Biosphere">Programme on Man and the Biosphere</a> (MAB), since 1971</li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Literature" title="City of Literature">City of Literature</a>; in 2007, the first city to be given this title was <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a>, the site of Scotland's first <a href="/wiki/Circulating_library" title="Circulating library">circulating library</a>.<a href="#cite_note-70">[69]</a> In 2008, Iowa City, Iowa, became the City of Literature.<a href="#cite_note-71">[70]</a><a href="#cite_note-72">[71]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endangered_language" title="Endangered language">Endangered languages</a> and <a href="/wiki/Linguistic_diversity" class="mw-redirect" title="Linguistic diversity">linguistic diversity</a> projects (<a href="/wiki/UNESCO_Atlas_of_the_World%27s_Languages_in_Danger" class="mw-redirect" title="UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger">UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masterpieces_of_the_Oral_and_Intangible_Heritage_of_Humanity" title="Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity">Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memory_of_the_World" class="mw-redirect" title="Memory of the World">Memory of the World</a> International Register, since 1997</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_resources_management" class="mw-redirect" title="Water resources management">Water resources management</a>, through the <a href="/wiki/International_Hydrological_Programme" title="International Hydrological Programme">International Hydrological Programme</a> (IHP), since 1965</li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Digital_Library" title="World Digital Library">World Digital Library</a></li></ul></li> <li>Encouraging the "free flow of ideas by images and words" by: <ul><li>Promoting <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_expression" class="mw-redirect" title="Freedom of expression">freedom of expression</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_the_press" title="Freedom of the press">freedom of the press</a> and <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_information_legislation" class="mw-redirect" title="Freedom of information legislation">freedom of information legislation</a>, through the Division of Freedom of Expression and Media Development,<a href="#cite_note-73">[72]</a> including the <a href="/wiki/International_Programme_for_the_Development_of_Communication" title="International Programme for the Development of Communication">International Programme for the Development of Communication</a><a href="#cite_note-74">[73]</a></li> <li>Promoting the <a href="/wiki/Safety_of_journalists" title="Safety of journalists">safety of journalists</a> and combatting impunity for those who attack them,<a href="#cite_note-75">[74]</a> through coordination of the UN Plan of Action on the Safety of Journalists and the Issue of Impunity<a href="#cite_note-76">[75]</a></li> <li>Promoting universal access to and preservation of information and open solutions for sustainable development through the Knowledge Societies Division,<a href="#cite_note-77">[76]</a> including the <a href="/wiki/Memory_of_the_World_Programme" title="Memory of the World Programme">Memory of the World Programme</a><a href="#cite_note-78">[77]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Information_for_All_Programme_(IFAP)" class="mw-redirect" title="Information for All Programme (IFAP)">Information for All Programme</a><a href="#cite_note-79">[78]</a></li> <li>Promoting <a href="/wiki/Pluralism_(political_philosophy)" title="Pluralism (political philosophy)">pluralism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gender_equality" title="Gender equality">gender equality</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cultural_diversity" title="Cultural diversity">cultural diversity</a> in the media</li> <li>Promoting <a href="/wiki/Internet_Universality" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet Universality">Internet Universality</a> and its principles, that the Internet should be (I) <a href="/wiki/Human_rights" title="Human rights">human Rights</a>-based, (ii) Open, (iii) <a href="/wiki/Accessibility" title="Accessibility">Accessible</a> to all, and (iv) nurtured by <a href="/wiki/Multistakeholder_governance_model" class="mw-redirect" title="Multistakeholder governance model">Multi-stakeholder</a> participation (summarized as the acronym R.O.A.M.)<a href="#cite_note-80">[79]</a></li> <li>Generating knowledge through publications such as World Trends in Freedom of Expression and Media Development,<a href="#cite_note-81">[80]</a> the UNESCO Series on Internet Freedom,<a href="#cite_note-82">[81]</a> and the Media Development Indicators,<a href="#cite_note-83">[82]</a> as well as other indicator-based studies.</li></ul></li> <li>Promoting events, such as: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Decade_for_the_Promotion_of_a_Culture_of_Peace_and_Non-Violence_for_the_Children_of_the_World" class="mw-redirect" title="International Decade for the Promotion of a Culture of Peace and Non-Violence for the Children of the World">International Decade for the Promotion of a Culture of Peace and Non-Violence for the Children of the World</a>: 2001–2010, proclaimed by the UN in 1998</li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Press_Freedom_Day" title="World Press Freedom Day">World Press Freedom Day</a>, 3 May each year, to promote <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_expression" class="mw-redirect" title="Freedom of expression">freedom of expression</a> and <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_the_press" title="Freedom of the press">freedom of the press</a> as a basic human right and as crucial components of any healthy, democratic and free society.</li> <li>Criança Esperança in Brazil, in partnership with <a href="/wiki/Rede_Globo" class="mw-redirect" title="Rede Globo">Rede Globo</a>, to raise funds for community-based projects that foster social integration and violence prevention.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Literacy_Day" title="International Literacy Day">International Literacy Day</a>, 8 September each year</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Year_for_the_Culture_of_Peace" title="International Year for the Culture of Peace">International Year for the Culture of Peace</a>, 2000</li> <li>Health Education for Behavior Change programme in partnership with the Ministry of Education of <a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a> which was financially supported by the Government of <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a> to promote health education among 10-19-year-old young people who live in informal camp in <a href="/wiki/Kibera" title="Kibera">Kibera</a>, Nairobi. The project was carried out between September 2014 – December 2016.<a href="#cite_note-84">[83]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Day_for_Cultural_Diversity_for_Dialogue_and_Development" title="World Day for Cultural Diversity for Dialogue and Development">World Day for Cultural Diversity for Dialogue and Development</a> 21 May each year</li></ul></li> <li>Founding and funding projects, such as: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Migration_Museums" class="mw-redirect" title="Migration Museums">Migration Museums</a> Initiative: Promoting the establishment of museums for cultural dialogue with migrant populations.<a href="#cite_note-85">[84]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UNESCO-CEPES" title="UNESCO-CEPES">UNESCO-CEPES</a>, the European Centre for Higher Education: established in 1972 in Bucharest, Romania, as a decentralized office to promote international co-operation in higher education in Europe as well as Canada, USA and Israel. Higher Education in Europe is its official journal.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Software_Directory" title="Free Software Directory">Free Software Directory</a>: since 1998 UNESCO and the <a href="/wiki/Free_Software_Foundation" title="Free Software Foundation">Free Software Foundation</a> have jointly funded this project cataloguing <a href="/wiki/Free_software" title="Free software">free software</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/FRESH,_UNESCO" class="mw-redirect" title="FRESH, UNESCO">FRESH</a>, Focusing Resources on <a href="/wiki/School_health_services" class="mw-redirect" title="School health services">Effective School Health</a><a href="#cite_note-86">[85]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OANA" class="mw-redirect" title="OANA">OANA</a>, Organization of Asia-Pacific News Agencies</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Council_of_Science" class="mw-redirect" title="International Council of Science">International Council of Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UNESCO_Goodwill_Ambassador" title="UNESCO Goodwill Ambassador">UNESCO Goodwill Ambassadors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASOMPS" class="mw-redirect" title="ASOMPS">ASOMPS</a>, Asian Symposium on Medicinal Plants and Spices, a series of scientific conferences held in Asia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botany_2000" title="Botany 2000">Botany 2000</a>, a programme supporting taxonomy, and <a href="/wiki/Biodiversity" title="Biodiversity">biological</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cultural_diversity" title="Cultural diversity">cultural diversity</a> of medicinal and ornamental plants, and their protection against <a href="/wiki/Environmental_pollution" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental pollution">environmental pollution</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/UNESCO_Collection_of_Representative_Works" title="UNESCO Collection of Representative Works">UNESCO Collection of Representative Works</a>, translating works of world literature both to and from multiple languages, from 1948 to 2005</li> <li><a href="/wiki/GoUNESCO" title="GoUNESCO">GoUNESCO</a>, an umbrella of initiatives to make heritage fun supported by UNESCO, New Delhi Office<a href="#cite_note-87">[86]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UNESCO-CHIC_BIRUP" title="UNESCO-CHIC BIRUP">UNESCO-CHIC BIRUP</a>, UNESCO-CHIC Group (China) Biosphere Rural and Urbanization Programme<a href="#cite_note-UNESCO-CHIC_Biosphere_Integrated_Rural_Urbanization_Project_(BIRUP)-88">[87]</a></li></ul></li></ul> The UNESCO transparency portal<a href="#cite_note-89">[88]</a> has been designed to enable public <a href="/wiki/Access_to_information" class="mw-redirect" title="Access to information">access to information</a> regarding the Organization's activities, such as its aggregate budget for a biennium, as well as links to relevant programmatic and financial documents. These two distinct sets of information are published on the <a href="/wiki/International_Aid_Transparency_Initiative" title="International Aid Transparency Initiative">IATI</a> registry, respectively based on the IATI Activity Standard and the IATI Organization Standard. There have been proposals to establish two new UNESCO lists. The first proposed list will focus on movable cultural heritage such as artifacts, paintings, and biofacts. The list may include cultural objects, such as the <a href="/wiki/J%C5%8Dmon_Venus" title="Jōmon Venus">Jōmon Venus</a> of Japan, the <a href="/wiki/Mona_Lisa" title="Mona Lisa">Mona Lisa</a> of France, the <a href="/wiki/Gebel_el-Arak_Knife" title="Gebel el-Arak Knife">Gebel el-Arak Knife</a> of <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Ninth_Wave" title="The Ninth Wave">The Ninth Wave</a> of Russia, the <a href="/wiki/Seated_Woman_of_%C3%87atalh%C3%B6y%C3%BCk" title="Seated Woman of Çatalhöyük">Seated Woman of Çatalhöyük</a> of Turkey, the <a href="/wiki/David_(Michelangelo)" title="David (Michelangelo)">David (Michelangelo)</a> of Italy, the <a href="/wiki/Mathura_Herakles" title="Mathura Herakles">Mathura Herakles</a> of India, the <a href="/wiki/Manunggul_Jar" title="Manunggul Jar">Manunggul Jar</a> of the Philippines, the <a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Baekje" title="Crown of Baekje">Crown of Baekje</a> of South Korea, <a href="/wiki/The_Hay_Wain" title="The Hay Wain">The Hay Wain</a> of the United Kingdom and the <a href="/wiki/Benin_Bronzes" title="Benin Bronzes">Benin Bronzes</a> of Nigeria. The second proposed list will focus on the world's living species, such as the <a href="/wiki/Komodo_dragon" title="Komodo dragon">komodo dragon</a> of Indonesia, the <a href="/wiki/Panda" class="mw-redirect" title="Panda">panda</a> of China, the <a href="/wiki/Bald_eagle" title="Bald eagle">bald eagle</a> of North American countries, the <a href="/wiki/Aye-aye" title="Aye-aye">aye-aye</a> of Madagascar, the <a href="/wiki/Asiatic_lion" title="Asiatic lion">Asiatic lion</a> of India, the <a href="/wiki/K%C4%81k%C4%81p%C5%8D" title="Kākāpō">kākāpō</a> of New Zealand, and the <a href="/wiki/Mountain_tapir" title="Mountain tapir">mountain tapir</a> of Colombia, Ecuador and Peru.<a href="#cite_note-90">[89]</a><a href="#cite_note-91">[90]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Media">Media</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=UNESCO&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Media">edit</a>]</div> UNESCO and its specialized institutions issue a number of magazines. Created in 1945, <a href="/wiki/The_UNESCO_Courier" class="mw-redirect" title="The UNESCO Courier">The UNESCO Courier</a> magazine states its mission to "promote UNESCO's ideals, maintain a platform for the dialogue between cultures and provide a forum for international debate". Since March 2006 it has been available free online, with limited printed issues. Its articles express the opinions of the authors which are not necessarily the opinions of UNESCO. There was a hiatus in publishing between 2012 and 2017.<a href="#cite_note-92">[91]</a> In 1950, UNESCO initiated the quarterly review Impact of Science on Society (also known as Impact) to discuss the influence of science on society. The journal ceased publication in 1992.<a href="#cite_note-93">[92]</a> UNESCO also published Museum International Quarterly from the year 1948. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Official_UNESCO_NGOs">Official UNESCO NGOs</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=UNESCO&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Official UNESCO NGOs">edit</a>]</div> UNESCO has official relations with 322 <a href="/wiki/International_non-governmental_organization" title="International non-governmental organization">international non-governmental organizations</a> (NGOs).<a href="#cite_note-94">[93]</a> Most of these are what UNESCO calls "operational"; a select few are "formal".<a href="#cite_note-95">[94]</a> The highest form of affiliation to UNESCO is "formal associate", and the 22 NGOs<a href="#cite_note-96">[95]</a> with formal associate (ASC) relations occupying offices at UNESCO are: <table class="sortable wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Abbr </th> <th>Organization </th></tr> <tr> <td>IB</td> <td><a href="/wiki/International_Baccalaureate" title="International Baccalaureate">International Baccalaureate</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>CCIVS</td> <td>Co-ordinating Committee for International Voluntary Service </td></tr> <tr> <td>CIPSH</td> <td><a href="/wiki/International_Council_for_Philosophy_and_Humanistic_Studies" title="International Council for Philosophy and Humanistic Studies">International Council for Philosophy and Humanistic Studies</a> (Conseil International de Philosophie et des Sciences Humaines; publishes <a href="/wiki/Diogenes_(journal)" title="Diogenes (journal)">Diogenes</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td>CIOFF</td> <td><a href="/wiki/International_Council_of_Organizations_of_Folklore_Festivals_and_Folk_Arts" title="International Council of Organizations of Folklore Festivals and Folk Arts">International Council of Organizations of Folklore Festivals and Folk Arts</a> (Conseil International des Organisations de Festivals de Folklore et d'Arts Traditionnels) </td></tr> <tr> <td>EI</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Education_International" title="Education International">Education International</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>IAU</td> <td><a href="/wiki/International_Association_of_Universities" title="International Association of Universities">International Association of Universities</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>IFTC</td> <td><a href="/wiki/International_Council_for_Film,_Television_and_Audiovisual_Communication" class="mw-redirect" title="International Council for Film, Television and Audiovisual Communication">International Council for Film, Television and Audiovisual Communication</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ICOM</td> <td><a href="/wiki/International_Council_of_Museums" title="International Council of Museums">International Council of Museums</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ICSSPE</td> <td><a href="/wiki/International_Council_of_Sport_Science_and_Physical_Education" title="International Council of Sport Science and Physical Education">International Council of Sport Science and Physical Education</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ICA</td> <td><a href="/wiki/International_Council_on_Archives" title="International Council on Archives">International Council on Archives</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ICOMOS</td> <td><a href="/wiki/International_Council_on_Monuments_and_Sites" title="International Council on Monuments and Sites">International Council on Monuments and Sites</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>IFJ</td> <td><a href="/wiki/International_Federation_of_Journalists" title="International Federation of Journalists">International Federation of Journalists</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>IFLA</td> <td><a href="/wiki/International_Federation_of_Library_Associations_and_Institutions" title="International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions">International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>IFPA</td> <td>International Federation of Poetry Associations </td></tr> <tr> <td>IMC</td> <td><a href="/wiki/International_Music_Council" title="International Music Council">International Music Council</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>IPA</td> <td><a href="/wiki/International_Police_Association" title="International Police Association">International Police Association</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>INSULA</td> <td>International Scientific Council for Island Development </td></tr> <tr> <td>ISC</td> <td><a href="/wiki/International_Science_Council" title="International Science Council">International Science Council</a> (formerly <a href="/wiki/International_Council_for_Science" title="International Council for Science">ICSU</a> and <a href="/wiki/International_Social_Science_Council" title="International Social Science Council">ISSC</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td>ITI</td> <td><a href="/wiki/International_Theatre_Institute" title="International Theatre Institute">International Theatre Institute</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>IUCN</td> <td><a href="/wiki/International_Union_for_Conservation_of_Nature" title="International Union for Conservation of Nature">International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>IUTAO</td> <td>International Union of Technical Associations and Organizations </td></tr> <tr> <td>UIA</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Union_of_International_Associations" title="Union of International Associations">Union of International Associations</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>WAN</td> <td><a href="/wiki/World_Association_of_Newspapers" class="mw-redirect" title="World Association of Newspapers">World Association of Newspapers</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>WFEO</td> <td><a href="/wiki/World_Federation_of_Engineering_Organizations" title="World Federation of Engineering Organizations">World Federation of Engineering Organizations</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>WFUCA</td> <td>World Federation of UNESCO Clubs, Centres and Associations </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Unesco-IHE.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Unesco-IHE.JPG/220px-Unesco-IHE.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Unesco-IHE.JPG/330px-Unesco-IHE.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Unesco-IHE.JPG/440px-Unesco-IHE.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="1728" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/UNESCO-IHE" class="mw-redirect" title="UNESCO-IHE">UNESCO Institute for Water Education</a> in <a href="/wiki/Delft" title="Delft">Delft</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Institutes_and_centres">Institutes and centres</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=UNESCO&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Institutes and centres">edit</a>]</div> The institutes are specialized departments of the organization that support UNESCO's programme, providing specialized support for cluster and national offices. <table class="sortable wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Abbr </th> <th>Name </th> <th>Location </th></tr> <tr> <td>IBE </td> <td><a href="/wiki/International_Bureau_of_Education" title="International Bureau of Education">International Bureau of Education</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva</a><a href="#cite_note-97">[96]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>UIL </td> <td><a href="/wiki/UNESCO_Institute_for_Lifelong_Learning" title="UNESCO Institute for Lifelong Learning">UNESCO Institute for Lifelong Learning</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a><a href="#cite_note-98">[97]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>IIEP </td> <td><a href="/wiki/UNESCO_International_Institute_for_Educational_Planning" title="UNESCO International Institute for Educational Planning">UNESCO International Institute for Educational Planning</a> </td> <td>Paris (headquarters) and <a href="/wiki/Buenos_Aires" title="Buenos Aires">Buenos Aires</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dakar" title="Dakar">Dakar</a> (regional offices)<a href="#cite_note-99">[98]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>IITE </td> <td>UNESCO Institute for Information Technologies in Education </td> <td>Moscow<a href="#cite_note-100">[99]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>IICBA </td> <td>UNESCO International Institute for <a href="/wiki/Capacity_Building" class="mw-redirect" title="Capacity Building">Capacity Building</a> in Africa </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Addis_Ababa" title="Addis Ababa">Addis Ababa</a><a href="#cite_note-101">[100]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>IESALC </td> <td>UNESCO International Institute for Higher Education in Latin America and the Caribbean </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Caracas" title="Caracas">Caracas</a><a href="#cite_note-102">[101]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>MGIEP </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi_Institute_of_Education_for_Peace_and_Sustainable_Development" title="Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Education for Peace and Sustainable Development">Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Education for Peace and Sustainable Development</a> </td> <td>New Delhi<a href="#cite_note-103">[102]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>UNESCO-UNEVOC </td> <td><a href="/wiki/UNESCO-UNEVOC" title="UNESCO-UNEVOC">UNESCO-UNEVOC International Centre for Technical and Vocational Education and Training</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bonn" title="Bonn">Bonn</a><a href="#cite_note-104">[103]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ICWRGC </td> <td>International Centre for Water Resources and Global Change </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Koblenz" title="Koblenz">Koblenz</a><a href="#cite_note-105">[104]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>IHE </td> <td><a href="/wiki/UNESCO-IHE" class="mw-redirect" title="UNESCO-IHE">IHE-Delft Institute for Water Education</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Delft" title="Delft">Delft</a><a href="#cite_note-106">[105]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ICTP </td> <td><a href="/wiki/International_Centre_for_Theoretical_Physics" title="International Centre for Theoretical Physics">International Centre for Theoretical Physics</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Trieste" title="Trieste">Trieste</a><a href="#cite_note-107">[106]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>UIS </td> <td><a href="/wiki/UNESCO_Institute_for_Statistics" title="UNESCO Institute for Statistics">UNESCO Institute for Statistics</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal">Montreal</a><a href="#cite_note-108">[107]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Prizes">Prizes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=UNESCO&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Prizes">edit</a>]</div> UNESCO awards 26 prizes<a href="#cite_note-109">[108]</a> in education, natural sciences, social and human sciences, culture, communication and information as well as peace: <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Education">Education</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=UNESCO&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Education">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/UNESCO_King_Sejong_Literacy_Prize" title="UNESCO King Sejong Literacy Prize">UNESCO/King Sejong Literacy Prize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UNESCO_Confucius_Prize_for_Literacy" title="UNESCO Confucius Prize for Literacy">UNESCO/Confucius Prize for Literacy</a></li> <li>UNESCO-Japan Prize on Education for Sustainable Development</li> <li>UNESCO Prize for Girls' and Women's Education</li> <li>UNESCO/Hamdan Bin Rashid Al-Maktoum Prize for Outstanding Practice and Performance in Enhancing the Effectiveness of Teachers</li> <li><a href="/wiki/UNESCO_King_Hamad_Bin_Isa_Al-Khalifa_Prize" title="UNESCO King Hamad Bin Isa Al-Khalifa Prize">UNESCO King Hamad Bin Isa Al-Khalifa Prize</a> for the Use of Information and Communication Technologies in Education</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Natural_Sciences">Natural Sciences</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=UNESCO&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Natural Sciences">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/L%27Or%C3%A9al-UNESCO_For_Women_in_Science_Awards" title="L'Oréal-UNESCO For Women in Science Awards">L'Oréal-UNESCO Awards for Women in Science</a><a href="#cite_note-110">[109]</a> <a href="#cite_note-111">[110]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalinga_Prize" title="Kalinga Prize">UNESCO/Kalinga Prize for the Popularization of Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UNESCO-Equatorial_Guinea_International_Prize_for_Research_in_the_Life_Sciences" title="UNESCO-Equatorial Guinea International Prize for Research in the Life Sciences">UNESCO-Equatorial Guinea International Prize for Research in the Life Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_J._Finlay_Prize_for_Microbiology" title="Carlos J. Finlay Prize for Microbiology">Carlos J. Finlay Prize for Microbiology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultan_Qaboos_Prize_for_Environmental_Preservation" title="Sultan Qaboos Prize for Environmental Preservation">UNESCO/Sultan Qaboos Prize for Environmental Preservation</a></li> <li>UNESCO-Russia Mendeleev International Prize in the Basic Sciences</li> <li>UNESCO-Al Fozan International Prize for the Promotion of Young Scientists in STEM</li> <li>Michel Batisse Award for Biosphere Reserve Management</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Social_and_Human_Sciences">Social and Human Sciences</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=UNESCO&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Social and Human Sciences">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>UNESCO Avicenna Prize for Ethics in Science</li> <li>UNESCO/Juan Bosch Prize for the Promotion of Social Science Research in Latin America and the Caribbean</li> <li>UNESCO-Madanjeet Singh Prize for the Promotion of Tolerance and Non-Violence</li> <li>UNESCO-Sharjah Prize for Arab Culture</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Jos%C3%A9_Mart%C3%AD_Prize" title="International José Martí Prize">UNESCO/International José Martí Prize</a></li> <li>UNESCO-UNAM / Jaime Torres Bodet Prize in social sciences, humanities and arts</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Culture">Culture</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=UNESCO&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Culture">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Melina Mercouri International Prize for the Safeguarding and Management of Cultural Landscapes (UNESCO-Greece)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Communication_and_Information">Communication and Information</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=UNESCO&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Communication and Information">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/UNESCO/Guillermo_Cano_World_Press_Freedom_Prize" title="UNESCO/Guillermo Cano World Press Freedom Prize">UNESCO/Guillermo Cano World Press Freedom Prize</a></li> <li>UNESCO/Emir Jaber al-Ahmad al-Jaber al-Sabah Prize to promote Quality Education for Persons with Intellectual Disabilities</li> <li>UNESCO/Jikji <a href="/wiki/Memory_of_the_World_Programme" title="Memory of the World Programme">Memory of the World</a> Prize</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Peace">Peace</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=UNESCO&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Peace">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_Houphou%C3%ABt-Boigny_Peace_Prize" title="Félix Houphouët-Boigny Peace Prize">Félix Houphouët-Boigny Peace Prize</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Inactive_prizes">Inactive prizes</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=UNESCO&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Inactive prizes">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Sim%C3%B3n_Bol%C3%ADvar_Prize" title="International Simón Bolívar Prize">International Simón Bolívar Prize</a> (inactive since 2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/UNESCO_Prize_for_Human_Rights_Education" class="mw-redirect" title="UNESCO Prize for Human Rights Education">UNESCO Prize for Human Rights Education</a></li> <li>UNESCO/Obiang Nguema Mbasogo International Prize for Research in the Life Sciences (inactive since 2010)</li> <li>UNESCO Prize for the Promotion of the Arts</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="International_Days_observed_at_UNESCO">International Days observed at UNESCO</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=UNESCO&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: International Days observed at UNESCO">edit</a>]</div> International Days observed at UNESCO are provided in the table below:<a href="#cite_note-112">[111]</a> <table class="sortable wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Date </th> <th>Name </th></tr> <tr> <td>14 January </td> <td><a href="/wiki/World_Logic_Day" title="World Logic Day">World Logic Day</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>24 January </td> <td>World Day for African and <a href="/wiki/African_diaspora" title="African diaspora">Afrodescendant</a> <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Africa" title="Culture of Africa">Culture</a><a href="#cite_note-113">[112]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>24 January </td> <td><a href="/wiki/International_Day_of_Education" title="International Day of Education">International Day of Education</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>27 January </td> <td><a href="/wiki/International_Day_of_Commemoration_in_Memory_of_the_Victims_of_the_Holocaust" class="mw-redirect" title="International Day of Commemoration in Memory of the Victims of the Holocaust">International Day of Commemoration in Memory of the Victims of the Holocaust</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>11 February </td> <td><a href="/wiki/International_Day_of_Women_and_Girls_in_Science" title="International Day of Women and Girls in Science">International Day of Women and Girls in Science</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>13 February </td> <td><a href="/wiki/World_Radio_Day" title="World Radio Day">World Radio Day</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>21 February </td> <td><a href="/wiki/International_Mother_Language_Day" title="International Mother Language Day">International Mother Language Day</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 March </td> <td><a href="/wiki/UNESCO_World_Engineering_Day_for_Sustainable_Development" title="UNESCO World Engineering Day for Sustainable Development">UNESCO World Engineering Day for Sustainable Development</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>8 March </td> <td><a href="/wiki/International_Women%27s_Day" title="International Women's Day">International Women's Day</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>14 March </td> <td><a href="/wiki/International_Day_of_Mathematics" class="mw-redirect" title="International Day of Mathematics">International Day of Mathematics</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>20 March </td> <td><a href="/wiki/International_Francophonie_Day" title="International Francophonie Day">International Francophonie Day</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>21 March </td> <td>International Day of <a href="/wiki/Nowruz" title="Nowruz">Nowruz</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>21 March </td> <td><a href="/wiki/World_Poetry_Day" title="World Poetry Day">World Poetry Day</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>21 March </td> <td><a href="/wiki/International_Day_for_the_Elimination_of_Racial_Discrimination" title="International Day for the Elimination of Racial Discrimination">International Day for the Elimination of Racial Discrimination</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>22 March </td> <td><a href="/wiki/World_Water_Day" title="World Water Day">World Water Day</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>5 April </td> <td><a href="/wiki/International_Day_of_Conscience" title="International Day of Conscience">International Day of Conscience</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>6 April </td> <td><a href="/wiki/International_Day_of_Sport_for_Development_and_Peace" title="International Day of Sport for Development and Peace">International Day of Sport for Development and Peace</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>15 April </td> <td><a href="/wiki/World_Art_Day" title="World Art Day">World Art Day</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>23 April </td> <td><a href="/wiki/World_Book_and_Copyright_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="World Book and Copyright Day">World Book and Copyright Day</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>30 April </td> <td><a href="/wiki/International_Jazz_Day" title="International Jazz Day">International Jazz Day</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 May </td> <td><a href="/wiki/World_Press_Freedom_Day" title="World Press Freedom Day">World Press Freedom Day</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>5 May </td> <td><a href="/wiki/African_World_Heritage_Day" title="African World Heritage Day">African World Heritage Day</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>5 May </td> <td><a href="/wiki/World_Portuguese_Language_Day" title="World Portuguese Language Day">World Portuguese Language Day</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>16 May </td> <td><a href="/wiki/International_Day_of_Light" title="International Day of Light">International Day of Light</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>21 May </td> <td><a href="/wiki/World_Day_for_Cultural_Diversity_for_Dialogue_and_Development" title="World Day for Cultural Diversity for Dialogue and Development">World Day for Cultural Diversity for Dialogue and Development</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>22 May </td> <td><a href="/wiki/International_Day_for_Biological_Diversity" title="International Day for Biological Diversity">International Day for Biological Diversity</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>5 June </td> <td><a href="/wiki/World_Environment_Day" title="World Environment Day">World Environment Day</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>8 June </td> <td><a href="/wiki/World_Oceans_Day" title="World Oceans Day">World Oceans Day</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>17 June </td> <td><a href="/wiki/World_Day_to_Combat_Desertification_and_Drought" title="World Day to Combat Desertification and Drought">World Day to Combat Desertification and Drought</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>7 July </td> <td><a href="/wiki/UN_Swahili_Language_Day" title="UN Swahili Language Day">Kiswahili Language Day</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>18 July </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mandela_Day" title="Mandela Day">Nelson Mandela International Day</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>26 July </td> <td><a href="/wiki/International_Day_for_the_Conservation_of_the_Mangrove_Ecosystem" title="International Day for the Conservation of the Mangrove Ecosystem">International Day for the Conservation of the Mangrove Ecosystem</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>9 August </td> <td><a href="/wiki/International_Day_of_the_World%27s_Indigenous_People" class="mw-redirect" title="International Day of the World's Indigenous People">International Day of the World's Indigenous People</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>12 August </td> <td><a href="/wiki/International_Youth_Day" title="International Youth Day">International Youth Day</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>23 August </td> <td><a href="/wiki/International_Day_for_the_Remembrance_of_the_Slave_Trade_and_its_Abolition" title="International Day for the Remembrance of the Slave Trade and its Abolition">International Day for the Remembrance of the Slave Trade and its Abolition</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>8 September </td> <td><a href="/wiki/International_Literacy_Day" title="International Literacy Day">International Literacy Day</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>9 September </td> <td><a href="/wiki/International_Day_to_Protect_Education_from_Attack" title="International Day to Protect Education from Attack">International Day to Protect Education from Attack</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>15 September </td> <td><a href="/wiki/International_Day_of_Democracy" title="International Day of Democracy">International Day of Democracy</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>20 September </td> <td><a href="/wiki/International_Day_of_University_Sport" title="International Day of University Sport">International Day for University Sport</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>21 September </td> <td><a href="/wiki/International_Day_of_Peace" title="International Day of Peace">International Day of Peace</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>28 September </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Access_to_Information_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="Access to Information Day">International Day for the Universal Access to Information</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>5 October </td> <td><a href="/wiki/World_Teachers%27_Day" title="World Teachers' Day">World Teachers' Day</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>6 October </td> <td>International Geodiversity Day<a href="#cite_note-114">[113]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>11 October </td> <td><a href="/wiki/International_Day_of_the_Girl_Child" title="International Day of the Girl Child">International Day of the Girl Child</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>13 October </td> <td><a href="/wiki/International_Day_for_Disaster_Reduction" class="mw-redirect" title="International Day for Disaster Reduction">International Day for Disaster Reduction</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>17 October </td> <td><a href="/wiki/International_Day_for_the_Eradication_of_Poverty" title="International Day for the Eradication of Poverty">International Day for the Eradication of Poverty</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>24 October </td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Day" title="United Nations Day">United Nations Day</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>27 October </td> <td><a href="/wiki/World_Day_for_Audiovisual_Heritage" title="World Day for Audiovisual Heritage">World Day for Audiovisual Heritage</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 November </td> <td><a href="/wiki/International_Day_to_End_Impunity_for_Crimes_Against_Journalists" title="International Day to End Impunity for Crimes Against Journalists">International Day to End Impunity for Crimes Against Journalists</a><a href="#cite_note-115">[114]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 November </td> <td>International Day for Biosphere Reserves<a href="#cite_note-116">[115]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>First Thursday of November </td> <td><a href="/wiki/International_day_against_violence_and_bullying_at_school_including_cyberbullying" title="International day against violence and bullying at school including cyberbullying">International day against violence and bullying at school including cyberbullying</a><a href="#cite_note-117">[116]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>5 November </td> <td><a href="/wiki/World_Day_of_Romani_Language" title="World Day of Romani Language">World Day of Romani Language</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>5 November </td> <td><a href="/wiki/World_Tsunami_Awareness_Day" title="World Tsunami Awareness Day">World Tsunami Awareness Day</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>10 November </td> <td>World Science Day for Peace and Development </td></tr> <tr> <td>14 November </td> <td>International Day against Illicit Trafficking in Cultural Property<a href="#cite_note-118">[117]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Third Thursday of November </td> <td><a href="/wiki/World_Philosophy_Day" title="World Philosophy Day">World Philosophy Day</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>16 November </td> <td><a href="/wiki/International_Day_for_Tolerance" title="International Day for Tolerance">International Day for Tolerance</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>18 November </td> <td>International International Day of Islamic Art<a href="#cite_note-119">[118]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>25 November </td> <td><a href="/wiki/International_Day_for_the_Elimination_of_Violence_against_Women" title="International Day for the Elimination of Violence against Women">International Day for the Elimination of Violence against Women</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>26 November </td> <td>World Olive Tree Day<a href="#cite_note-120">[119]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>29 November </td> <td><a href="/wiki/International_Day_of_Solidarity_with_the_Palestinian_People" title="International Day of Solidarity with the Palestinian People">International Day of Solidarity with the Palestinian People</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1 December </td> <td><a href="/wiki/World_AIDS_Day" title="World AIDS Day">World AIDS Day</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 December </td> <td>World Futures Day<a href="#cite_note-121">[120]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 December </td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_Nations%27_International_Day_of_Persons_with_Disabilities" title="United Nations' International Day of Persons with Disabilities">International Day of Persons with Disabilities</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>10 December </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Day" title="Human Rights Day">Human Rights Day</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>18 December </td> <td><a href="/wiki/International_Migrants_Day" title="International Migrants Day">International Migrants Day</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>18 December </td> <td><a href="/wiki/UN_Arabic_Language_Day" title="UN Arabic Language Day">World Arabic Language Day</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Member_states">Member states</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=UNESCO&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Member states">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Member_states_of_UNESCO" title="Member states of UNESCO">Member states of UNESCO</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:UNESCO_member_states.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/UNESCO_member_states.png/334px-UNESCO_member_states.png" decoding="async" width="334" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/UNESCO_member_states.png/501px-UNESCO_member_states.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/UNESCO_member_states.png/668px-UNESCO_member_states.png 2x" data-file-width="1357" data-file-height="628" /></a><figcaption><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend">  UNESCO member states</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  UNESCO member state dependent territory with separate NOC</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  UNESCO associates</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  UNESCO observers</div></figcaption></figure> As of July 2023<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=UNESCO&action=edit">[update]</a>, UNESCO has 194 member states and 12 associate members.<a href="#cite_note-122">[121]</a> Some members are not <a href="/wiki/Independent_state" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent state">independent states</a> and some members have additional National Organizing Committees from some of their <a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">dependent territories</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Palestine-123">[122]</a> UNESCO state parties are the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_member_states" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations member states">United Nations member states</a> (except Israel<a href="#cite_note-124">[123]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein" title="Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a>), as well as <a href="/wiki/Cook_Islands" title="Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Niue" title="Niue">Niue</a> and <a href="/wiki/State_of_Palestine" title="State of Palestine">Palestine</a>.<a href="#cite_note-125">[124]</a><a href="#cite_note-126">[125]</a> The United States and Israel left UNESCO on 31 December 2018,<a href="#cite_note-127">[126]</a><a href="#cite_note-128">[127]</a> but the United States rejoined in 2023.<a href="#cite_note-usa2023-66">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-uspbs-67">[66]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Governing_bodies">Governing bodies</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=UNESCO&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Governing bodies">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Director-General">Director-General</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=UNESCO&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Director-General">edit</a>]</div> As of June 2023<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=UNESCO&action=edit">[update]</a>, there have been 11 Directors-General of UNESCO since its inception – nine men and two women. The 11 Directors-General of UNESCO have come from six regions within the organization: West Europe (5), Central America (1), North America (2), West Africa (1), East Asia (1), and East Europe (1). To date, there has been no elected Director-General from the remaining ten regions within UNESCO: Southeast Asia, South Asia, Central and North Asia, Middle East, North Africa, East Africa, Central Africa, South Africa, Australia-Oceania, and South America. The list of the Directors-General of UNESCO since its establishment in 1946 is as follows:<a href="#cite_note-129">[128]</a> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Directors-General of UNESCO </caption> <tbody><tr> <td scope="col">Order </td> <th scope="col">Image </th> <th scope="col">Name </th> <th scope="col">Country </th> <th scope="col">Term </th></tr> <tr> <td>1st </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Julian_Huxley_1-2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Julian_Huxley_1-2.jpg/60px-Julian_Huxley_1-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Julian_Huxley_1-2.jpg/90px-Julian_Huxley_1-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Julian_Huxley_1-2.jpg/120px-Julian_Huxley_1-2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="240" data-file-height="300" /></a> </td> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Julian_Huxley" title="Julian Huxley">Julian Huxley</a> </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></td> <td>1946–1948 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2nd </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:JAIME_TORRES_BODET_1902,_ESCRITOR,_POETA_Y_POLITICO_MEXICANO_(13451293993).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/JAIME_TORRES_BODET_1902%2C_ESCRITOR%2C_POETA_Y_POLITICO_MEXICANO_%2813451293993%29.jpg/60px-JAIME_TORRES_BODET_1902%2C_ESCRITOR%2C_POETA_Y_POLITICO_MEXICANO_%2813451293993%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/JAIME_TORRES_BODET_1902%2C_ESCRITOR%2C_POETA_Y_POLITICO_MEXICANO_%2813451293993%29.jpg/90px-JAIME_TORRES_BODET_1902%2C_ESCRITOR%2C_POETA_Y_POLITICO_MEXICANO_%2813451293993%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/JAIME_TORRES_BODET_1902%2C_ESCRITOR%2C_POETA_Y_POLITICO_MEXICANO_%2813451293993%29.jpg/120px-JAIME_TORRES_BODET_1902%2C_ESCRITOR%2C_POETA_Y_POLITICO_MEXICANO_%2813451293993%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1250" data-file-height="1650" /></a> </td> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Jaime_Torres_Bodet" title="Jaime Torres Bodet">Jaime Torres Bodet</a> </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Mexico_%281934-1968%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico_%281934-1968%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Mexico_%281934-1968%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mexico_%281934-1968%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Mexico_%281934-1968%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mexico_%281934-1968%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a></td> <td>1948–1952 </td></tr> <tr> <td>– </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Captura_de_Pantalla_2022-06-03_a_las_23.24.45.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Captura_de_Pantalla_2022-06-03_a_las_23.24.45.png/60px-Captura_de_Pantalla_2022-06-03_a_las_23.24.45.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Captura_de_Pantalla_2022-06-03_a_las_23.24.45.png/90px-Captura_de_Pantalla_2022-06-03_a_las_23.24.45.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Captura_de_Pantalla_2022-06-03_a_las_23.24.45.png/120px-Captura_de_Pantalla_2022-06-03_a_las_23.24.45.png 2x" data-file-width="676" data-file-height="892" /></a> </td> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/John_Wilkinson_Taylor_(educator)" title="John Wilkinson Taylor (educator)">John Wilkinson Taylor</a> </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Acting_(law)" title="Acting (law)">acting</a> 1952–1953 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3rd </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Luther_Harris_Evans,_Diretor-geral_da_United_Nations_Educational,_Scientific_and_Cultural_Organization_(UNESCO).tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Luther_Harris_Evans%2C_Diretor-geral_da_United_Nations_Educational%2C_Scientific_and_Cultural_Organization_%28UNESCO%29.tif/lossy-page1-60px-Luther_Harris_Evans%2C_Diretor-geral_da_United_Nations_Educational%2C_Scientific_and_Cultural_Organization_%28UNESCO%29.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Luther_Harris_Evans%2C_Diretor-geral_da_United_Nations_Educational%2C_Scientific_and_Cultural_Organization_%28UNESCO%29.tif/lossy-page1-90px-Luther_Harris_Evans%2C_Diretor-geral_da_United_Nations_Educational%2C_Scientific_and_Cultural_Organization_%28UNESCO%29.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Luther_Harris_Evans%2C_Diretor-geral_da_United_Nations_Educational%2C_Scientific_and_Cultural_Organization_%28UNESCO%29.tif/lossy-page1-120px-Luther_Harris_Evans%2C_Diretor-geral_da_United_Nations_Educational%2C_Scientific_and_Cultural_Organization_%28UNESCO%29.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1927" data-file-height="2529" /></a> </td> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Luther_Evans" class="mw-redirect" title="Luther Evans">Luther Evans</a> </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></td> <td>1953–1958 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4th </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Contemporary_history,_Italy_-_UNESCO_-_PHOTO0000002707_0001.tiff" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Contemporary_history%2C_Italy_-_UNESCO_-_PHOTO0000002707_0001.tiff/lossy-page1-60px-Contemporary_history%2C_Italy_-_UNESCO_-_PHOTO0000002707_0001.tiff.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Contemporary_history%2C_Italy_-_UNESCO_-_PHOTO0000002707_0001.tiff/lossy-page1-90px-Contemporary_history%2C_Italy_-_UNESCO_-_PHOTO0000002707_0001.tiff.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Contemporary_history%2C_Italy_-_UNESCO_-_PHOTO0000002707_0001.tiff/lossy-page1-120px-Contemporary_history%2C_Italy_-_UNESCO_-_PHOTO0000002707_0001.tiff.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4403" data-file-height="5790" /></a> </td> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Vittorino_Veronese" title="Vittorino Veronese">Vittorino Veronese</a> </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></td> <td>1958–1961 </td></tr> <tr> <td>5th </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Ren%C3%A9_Maheu_(France),_UNESCO_Director_General_(1961-1974).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Ren%C3%A9_Maheu_%28France%29%2C_UNESCO_Director_General_%281961-1974%29.JPG/60px-Ren%C3%A9_Maheu_%28France%29%2C_UNESCO_Director_General_%281961-1974%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="60" height="76" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Ren%C3%A9_Maheu_%28France%29%2C_UNESCO_Director_General_%281961-1974%29.JPG/90px-Ren%C3%A9_Maheu_%28France%29%2C_UNESCO_Director_General_%281961-1974%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Ren%C3%A9_Maheu_%28France%29%2C_UNESCO_Director_General_%281961-1974%29.JPG/120px-Ren%C3%A9_Maheu_%28France%29%2C_UNESCO_Director_General_%281961-1974%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="748" data-file-height="948" /></a> </td> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Maheu" title="René Maheu">René Maheu</a> </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Acting_(law)" title="Acting (law)">acting</a> 1961; 1961–1974 </td></tr> <tr> <td>6th </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Unesco_history,_M%27Bow_-_UNESCO_-_PHOTO0000002701_0001.tiff" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Unesco_history%2C_M%27Bow_-_UNESCO_-_PHOTO0000002701_0001.tiff/lossy-page1-60px-Unesco_history%2C_M%27Bow_-_UNESCO_-_PHOTO0000002701_0001.tiff.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Unesco_history%2C_M%27Bow_-_UNESCO_-_PHOTO0000002701_0001.tiff/lossy-page1-90px-Unesco_history%2C_M%27Bow_-_UNESCO_-_PHOTO0000002701_0001.tiff.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Unesco_history%2C_M%27Bow_-_UNESCO_-_PHOTO0000002701_0001.tiff/lossy-page1-120px-Unesco_history%2C_M%27Bow_-_UNESCO_-_PHOTO0000002701_0001.tiff.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4350" data-file-height="5743" /></a> </td> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Amadou-Mahtar_M%27Bow" title="Amadou-Mahtar M'Bow">Amadou-Mahtar M'Bow</a> </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Senegal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Senegal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Senegal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Senegal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Senegal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Senegal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegal</a></td> <td>1974–1987 </td></tr> <tr> <td>7th </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Federico_Mayor_Zaragoza_1988_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Federico_Mayor_Zaragoza_1988_%28cropped%29.jpg/60px-Federico_Mayor_Zaragoza_1988_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Federico_Mayor_Zaragoza_1988_%28cropped%29.jpg/90px-Federico_Mayor_Zaragoza_1988_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Federico_Mayor_Zaragoza_1988_%28cropped%29.jpg/120px-Federico_Mayor_Zaragoza_1988_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1231" data-file-height="1641" /></a> </td> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Federico_Mayor_Zaragoza" title="Federico Mayor Zaragoza">Federico Mayor Zaragoza</a> </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></td> <td>1987–1999 </td></tr> <tr> <td>8th </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Matsuura_Koichiro_1-2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Matsuura_Koichiro_1-2.jpg/60px-Matsuura_Koichiro_1-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Matsuura_Koichiro_1-2.jpg/90px-Matsuura_Koichiro_1-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Matsuura_Koichiro_1-2.jpg/120px-Matsuura_Koichiro_1-2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="250" /></a> </td> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Ko%C3%AFchiro_Matsuura" class="mw-redirect" title="Koïchiro Matsuura">Koïchiro Matsuura</a> </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a></td> <td>1999–2009 </td></tr> <tr> <td>9th </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Irina_Bokova_crop.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Irina_Bokova_crop.jpg/60px-Irina_Bokova_crop.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Irina_Bokova_crop.jpg/90px-Irina_Bokova_crop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Irina_Bokova_crop.jpg/120px-Irina_Bokova_crop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="335" data-file-height="466" /></a> </td> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Irina_Bokova" title="Irina Bokova">Irina Bokova</a> </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></td> <td>2009–2017 </td></tr> <tr> <td>10th </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Didier_Plowy_-_Audrey_Azoulay_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Didier_Plowy_-_Audrey_Azoulay_%28cropped%29.jpg/60px-Didier_Plowy_-_Audrey_Azoulay_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Didier_Plowy_-_Audrey_Azoulay_%28cropped%29.jpg/90px-Didier_Plowy_-_Audrey_Azoulay_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Didier_Plowy_-_Audrey_Azoulay_%28cropped%29.jpg/120px-Didier_Plowy_-_Audrey_Azoulay_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="398" data-file-height="641" /></a> </td> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Audrey_Azoulay" title="Audrey Azoulay">Audrey Azoulay</a> </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></td> <td>2017–Incumbent </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="General_Conference">General Conference</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=UNESCO&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: General Conference">edit</a>]</div> This is the list of the sessions of the UNESCO General Conference held since 1946:<a href="#cite_note-130">[129]</a> <table class="sortable wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Session </th> <th>Location </th> <th>Year </th> <th>Chaired by </th> <th>from </th></tr> <tr> <td>1st</td> <td>Paris</td> <td>1946</td> <td><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Blum" title="Léon Blum">Léon Blum</a></td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2nd</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mexico_City" title="Mexico City">Mexico City</a></td> <td>1947</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Gual_Vidal" title="Manuel Gual Vidal">Manuel Gual Vidal</a></td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560" /> <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>3rd</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Beirut" title="Beirut">Beirut</a></td> <td>1948</td> <td>Hamid Bey Frangie</td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/45px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1st extraordinary</td> <td>Paris</td> <td>1948</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>4th</td> <td>Paris</td> <td>1949</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Edward_Ronald_Walker" title="Edward Ronald Walker">Edward Ronald Walker</a></td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /> <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>5th</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Florence" title="Florence">Florence</a></td> <td>1950</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Stefano_Jacini_(1886-1952)" class="mw-redirect" title="Stefano Jacini (1886-1952)">Stefano Jacini</a></td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>6th</td> <td>Paris</td> <td>1951</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Howland_H._Sargeant" title="Howland H. Sargeant">Howland H. Sargeant</a></td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>7th</td> <td>Paris</td> <td>1952</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sarvepalli_Radhakrishnan" title="Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan">Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan</a></td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2nd extraordinary</td> <td>Paris</td> <td>1953</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>8th</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Montevideo" title="Montevideo">Montevideo</a></td> <td>1954</td> <td>Justino Zavala Muniz</td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Uruguay.svg/23px-Flag_of_Uruguay.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Uruguay.svg/35px-Flag_of_Uruguay.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Uruguay.svg/45px-Flag_of_Uruguay.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /> <a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay">Uruguay</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>9th</td> <td>New Delhi</td> <td>1956</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Abul_Kalam_Azad" class="mw-redirect" title="Abul Kalam Azad">Abul Kalam Azad</a></td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>10th</td> <td>Paris</td> <td>1958</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jean_Berthoin" title="Jean Berthoin">Jean Berthoin</a></td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>11th</td> <td>Paris</td> <td>1960</td> <td>Akale-Work Abte-Wold</td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>12th</td> <td>Paris</td> <td>1962</td> <td>Paulo de Berrêdo Carneiro</td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /> <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>13th</td> <td>Paris</td> <td>1964</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Norair_Sisakian" title="Norair Sisakian">Norair Sisakian</a></td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>14th</td> <td>Paris</td> <td>1966</td> <td>Bedrettin Tuncel</td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>15th</td> <td>Paris</td> <td>1968</td> <td><a href="/wiki/William_Eteki_Mboumoua" title="William Eteki Mboumoua">William Eteki Mboumoua</a></td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Flag_of_Cameroon.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cameroon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Flag_of_Cameroon.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cameroon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Flag_of_Cameroon.svg/45px-Flag_of_Cameroon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Cameroon" title="Cameroon">Cameroon</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>16th</td> <td>Paris</td> <td>1970</td> <td>Atilio Dell'Oro Maini</td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>17th</td> <td>Paris</td> <td>1972</td> <td>Toru Haguiwara</td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>3rd extraordinary</td> <td>Paris</td> <td>1973</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>18th</td> <td>Paris</td> <td>1974</td> <td>Magda Jóború</td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>19th</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nairobi" title="Nairobi">Nairobi</a></td> <td>1976</td> <td>Taaita Toweett</td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/45px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>20th</td> <td>Paris</td> <td>1978</td> <td>Napoléon LeBlanc</td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>21st</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Belgrade" title="Belgrade">Belgrade</a></td> <td>1980</td> <td>Ivo Margan</td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" title="Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>4th extraordinary</td> <td>Paris</td> <td>1982</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>22nd</td> <td>Paris</td> <td>1983</td> <td>Saïd Tell</td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>23rd</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sofia" title="Sofia">Sofia</a></td> <td>1985</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Todorov" title="Nikolai Todorov">Nikolai Todorov</a></td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>24th</td> <td>Paris</td> <td>1987</td> <td>Guillermo Putzeys Alvarez</td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Guatemala.svg/23px-Flag_of_Guatemala.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Guatemala.svg/35px-Flag_of_Guatemala.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Guatemala.svg/46px-Flag_of_Guatemala.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Guatemala" title="Guatemala">Guatemala</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>25th</td> <td>Paris</td> <td>1989</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Anwar_Ibrahim" title="Anwar Ibrahim">Anwar Ibrahim</a></td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>26th</td> <td>Paris</td> <td>1991</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bethwell_Allan_Ogot" title="Bethwell Allan Ogot">Bethwell Allan Ogot</a></td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/45px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>27th</td> <td>Paris</td> <td>1993</td> <td>Ahmed Saleh Sayyad</td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/23px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/35px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/45px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>28th</td> <td>Paris</td> <td>1995</td> <td>Torben Krogh</td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/31px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /> <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>29th</td> <td>Paris</td> <td>1997</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eduardo_Portella" title="Eduardo Portella">Eduardo Portella</a></td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /> <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>30th</td> <td>Paris</td> <td>1999</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jaroslava_Moserov%C3%A1" title="Jaroslava Moserová">Jaroslava Moserová</a></td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>31st</td> <td>Paris</td> <td>2001</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Jalali" title="Ahmad Jalali">Ahmad Jalali</a></td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/46px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /> <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>32nd</td> <td>Paris</td> <td>2003</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Michael_Omolewa" title="Michael Omolewa">Michael Omolewa</a></td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>33rd</td> <td>Paris</td> <td>2005</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Musa_Bin_Jaafar_Bin_Hassan" title="Musa Bin Jaafar Bin Hassan">Musa Bin Jaafar Bin Hassan</a></td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Oman.svg/23px-Flag_of_Oman.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Oman.svg/35px-Flag_of_Oman.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Oman.svg/46px-Flag_of_Oman.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>34th</td> <td>Paris</td> <td>2007</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Georgios_Anastassopoulos" title="Georgios Anastassopoulos">Georgios Anastassopoulos</a></td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>35th</td> <td>Paris</td> <td>2009</td> <td>Davidson Hepburn</td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Flag_of_the_Bahamas.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Bahamas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Flag_of_the_Bahamas.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Bahamas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Flag_of_the_Bahamas.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Bahamas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/The_Bahamas" title="The Bahamas">Bahamas</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>36th</td> <td>Paris</td> <td>2011</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Katalin_Bogyay" title="Katalin Bogyay">Katalin Bogyay</a></td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>37th<a href="#cite_note-131">[130]</a></td> <td>Paris</td> <td>2013</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hao_Ping" title="Hao Ping">Hao Ping</a></td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>38th</td> <td>Paris</td> <td>2015</td> <td>Stanley Mutumba Simataa<a href="#cite_note-132">[131]</a></td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Namibia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Namibia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Namibia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Namibia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Namibia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Namibia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia">Namibia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>39th</td> <td>Paris</td> <td>2017</td> <td>Zohour Alaoui<a href="#cite_note-133">[132]</a></td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/23px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/35px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/45px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>40th</td> <td>Paris</td> <td>2019</td> <td> <a href="/wiki/Ahmet_Altay_Cengizer" title="Ahmet Altay Cengizer">Ahmet Altay Cengizer</a><a href="#cite_note-134">[133]</a> </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>41st<a href="#cite_note-135">[134]</a> </td> <td>Paris </td> <td>2021 </td> <td>Santiago Irazabal Mourão </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /> <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>42nd<a href="#cite_note-136">[135]</a> </td> <td>Paris </td> <td>2023 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Simona_Miculescu" title="Simona Miculescu">Simona Miculescu</a> </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Executive_Board">Executive Board</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=UNESCO&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Executive Board">edit</a>]</div> Biennial elections are held, with 58 elected representatives holding office for four years. <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr style="border-top: 2px solid;"> <th>Term </th> <th>Group I (9 seats) </th> <th>Group II (7 seats) </th> <th>Group III (10 seats) </th> <th>Group IV (12 seats) </th> <th>Group V(a) (13 seats) </th> <th>Group V(b) (7 seats) </th></tr> <tr style="border-top: 2px solid;"> <td>2017– 2021 </td> <td> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /> <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> </td> <td> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/21px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/32px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/42px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/46px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a> </td> <td> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/46px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Grenada.svg/23px-Flag_of_Grenada.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Grenada.svg/35px-Flag_of_Grenada.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Grenada.svg/46px-Flag_of_Grenada.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Grenada" title="Grenada">Grenada</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Jamaica.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jamaica.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Jamaica.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jamaica.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Jamaica.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jamaica.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Jamaica" title="Jamaica">Jamaica</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Saint_Lucia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saint_Lucia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Saint_Lucia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saint_Lucia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Saint_Lucia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Saint_Lucia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucia" title="Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines.svg/45px-Flag_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" title="Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/23px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/35px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/45px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a> </td> <td> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a> </td> <td> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Flag_of_Burundi.svg/23px-Flag_of_Burundi.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Flag_of_Burundi.svg/35px-Flag_of_Burundi.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Flag_of_Burundi.svg/46px-Flag_of_Burundi.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Burundi" title="Burundi">Burundi</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg/23px-Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg/35px-Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg/45px-Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Equatorial_Guinea" title="Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Madagascar.svg/23px-Flag_of_Madagascar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Madagascar.svg/35px-Flag_of_Madagascar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Madagascar.svg/45px-Flag_of_Madagascar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Zambia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Zambia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Zambia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Zambia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Zambia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Zambia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Zambia" title="Zambia">Zambia</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg/23px-Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg/35px-Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg/46px-Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a> </td> <td> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/23px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/35px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/45px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/23px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/35px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/45px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2019–2023<a href="#cite_note-137">[136]</a> </td> <td> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/16px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/24px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/32px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" />  <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a> </td> <td> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /> <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a> </td> <td> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /> <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic" title="Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Uruguay.svg/23px-Flag_of_Uruguay.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Uruguay.svg/35px-Flag_of_Uruguay.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Uruguay.svg/45px-Flag_of_Uruguay.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /> <a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay">Uruguay</a> </td> <td> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Flag_of_Afghanistan_%282013%E2%80%932021%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Afghanistan_%282013%E2%80%932021%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Flag_of_Afghanistan_%282013%E2%80%932021%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Afghanistan_%282013%E2%80%932021%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Flag_of_Afghanistan_%282013%E2%80%932021%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Afghanistan_%282013%E2%80%932021%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstan" title="Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/23px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/35px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/45px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a> </td> <td> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Benin.svg/23px-Flag_of_Benin.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Benin.svg/35px-Flag_of_Benin.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Benin.svg/45px-Flag_of_Benin.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Benin" title="Benin">Benin</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Republic of the Congo">Congo</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_Guinea.svg/23px-Flag_of_Guinea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_Guinea.svg/35px-Flag_of_Guinea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_Guinea.svg/45px-Flag_of_Guinea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Guinea" title="Guinea">Guinea</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/45px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Namibia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Namibia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Namibia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Namibia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Namibia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Namibia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia">Namibia</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Senegal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Senegal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Senegal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Senegal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Senegal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Senegal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegal</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Togo" title="Togo">Togo</a> </td> <td> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">UAE</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#f7f7c7;border-top: 2px solid;"> <td>2021–2025<a href="#cite_note-138">[137]</a> </td> <td> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/21px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/32px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/42px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1250" data-file-height="900" /> <a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> </td> <td> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/46px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a> </td> <td> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Grenada.svg/23px-Flag_of_Grenada.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Grenada.svg/35px-Flag_of_Grenada.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Grenada.svg/46px-Flag_of_Grenada.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Grenada" title="Grenada">Grenada</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Haiti.svg/23px-Flag_of_Haiti.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Haiti.svg/35px-Flag_of_Haiti.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Haiti.svg/46px-Flag_of_Haiti.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Haiti" title="Haiti">Haiti</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560" /> <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Paraguay.svg/23px-Flag_of_Paraguay.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Paraguay.svg/35px-Flag_of_Paraguay.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Paraguay.svg/46px-Flag_of_Paraguay.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="660" /> <a href="/wiki/Paraguay" title="Paraguay">Paraguay</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Saint_Lucia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saint_Lucia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Saint_Lucia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saint_Lucia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Saint_Lucia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Saint_Lucia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucia" title="Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a> </td> <td> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_the_Cook_Islands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Cook_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_the_Cook_Islands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Cook_Islands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_the_Cook_Islands.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Cook_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Cook_Islands" title="Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/23px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/35px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/45px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a> </td> <td> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Flag_of_Angola.svg/23px-Flag_of_Angola.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Flag_of_Angola.svg/35px-Flag_of_Angola.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Flag_of_Angola.svg/45px-Flag_of_Angola.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Angola" title="Angola">Angola</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_Botswana.svg/23px-Flag_of_Botswana.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_Botswana.svg/35px-Flag_of_Botswana.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_Botswana.svg/45px-Flag_of_Botswana.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana">Botswana</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Republic of the Congo">Congo</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_Djibouti.svg/23px-Flag_of_Djibouti.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_Djibouti.svg/35px-Flag_of_Djibouti.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_Djibouti.svg/45px-Flag_of_Djibouti.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Djibouti" title="Djibouti">Djibouti</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tanzania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tanzania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tanzania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tanzania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tanzania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Tanzania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a> </td> <td> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/23px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/35px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/45px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#efe;border-top: 2px solid;"> <td>2023–2027<a href="#cite_note-139">[138]</a> </td> <td> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> </td> <td> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/21px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/32px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/42px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /> <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a> </td> <td> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /> <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/46px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic" title="Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a> </td> <td> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /> <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a> </td> <td> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg/23px-Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg/35px-Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg/45px-Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso" title="Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg/23px-Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg/35px-Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg/45px-Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Ivory_Coast" title="Ivory Coast">Côte d'Ivoire</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_Gabon.svg/20px-Flag_of_Gabon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_Gabon.svg/31px-Flag_of_Gabon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_Gabon.svg/40px-Flag_of_Gabon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /> <a href="/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon">Gabon</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_Liberia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Liberia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_Liberia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Liberia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_Liberia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Liberia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1140" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Liberia" title="Liberia">Liberia</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Mauritius.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mauritius.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Mauritius.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mauritius.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Mauritius.svg/45px-Flag_of_Mauritius.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius">Mauritius</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Mozambique.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mozambique.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Mozambique.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mozambique.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Mozambique.svg/45px-Flag_of_Mozambique.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique">Mozambique</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a> </td> <td> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/45px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Oman.svg/23px-Flag_of_Oman.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Oman.svg/35px-Flag_of_Oman.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Oman.svg/46px-Flag_of_Oman.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/23px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/35px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/46px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="550" /> <a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Offices_and_headquarters">Offices and headquarters</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=UNESCO&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Offices and headquarters">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Centre" class="mw-redirect" title="World Heritage Centre">World Heritage Centre</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:April_2010,_UNESCO_Headquarters_in_Paris_-_The_Garden_of_Peace_(or_Japanese_Garden)_in_Spring.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/April_2010%2C_UNESCO_Headquarters_in_Paris_-_The_Garden_of_Peace_%28or_Japanese_Garden%29_in_Spring.jpg/220px-April_2010%2C_UNESCO_Headquarters_in_Paris_-_The_Garden_of_Peace_%28or_Japanese_Garden%29_in_Spring.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="331" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/April_2010%2C_UNESCO_Headquarters_in_Paris_-_The_Garden_of_Peace_%28or_Japanese_Garden%29_in_Spring.jpg/330px-April_2010%2C_UNESCO_Headquarters_in_Paris_-_The_Garden_of_Peace_%28or_Japanese_Garden%29_in_Spring.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/April_2010%2C_UNESCO_Headquarters_in_Paris_-_The_Garden_of_Peace_%28or_Japanese_Garden%29_in_Spring.jpg/440px-April_2010%2C_UNESCO_Headquarters_in_Paris_-_The_Garden_of_Peace_%28or_Japanese_Garden%29_in_Spring.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2832" data-file-height="4256" /></a><figcaption>The Garden of Peace at UNESCO headquarters</figcaption></figure> The UNESCO headquarters is located at <a href="/wiki/Place_de_Fontenoy" title="Place de Fontenoy">Place de Fontenoy</a> in Paris, France. Several architects collaborated on the construction of the headquarters, including <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Zehrfuss" title="Bernard Zehrfuss">Bernard Zehrfuss</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marcel_Breuer" title="Marcel Breuer">Marcel Breuer</a> and Luigi Nervi.<a href="#cite_note-140">[139]</a> It includes a Garden of Peace which was donated by the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Japan" title="Government of Japan">Government of Japan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-141">[140]</a> This garden was designed by American-Japanese sculptor artist <a href="/wiki/Isamu_Noguchi" title="Isamu Noguchi">Isamu Noguchi</a> in 1958 and installed by Japanese gardener Toemon Sano. In 1994–1995, in memory of the 50th anniversary of UNESCO, a <a href="/wiki/Meditation" title="Meditation">meditation</a> room was built by <a href="/wiki/Tadao_Ando" title="Tadao Ando">Tadao Ando</a>.<a href="#cite_note-142">[141]</a> UNESCO's field offices across the globe are categorized into four primary office types based upon their function and geographic coverage: cluster offices, national offices, regional bureaus and liaison offices. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Field_offices_by_region">Field offices by region</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=UNESCO&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Field offices by region">edit</a>]</div> The following list of all UNESCO Field Offices is organized geographically by UNESCO Region and identifies the members states and associate members of UNESCO which are served by each office.<a href="#cite_note-143">[142]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Africa">Africa</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=UNESCO&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Africa">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abidjan" title="Abidjan">Abidjan</a> – National Office to <a href="/wiki/C%C3%B4te-d%27Ivoire" class="mw-redirect" title="Côte-d'Ivoire">Côte d'Ivoire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abuja" title="Abuja">Abuja</a> – National Office to <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Accra" title="Accra">Accra</a> – Cluster Office for <a href="/wiki/Benin" title="Benin">Benin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ivory_Coast" title="Ivory Coast">Côte d'Ivoire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liberia" title="Liberia">Liberia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone" title="Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a> and <a href="/wiki/Togo" title="Togo">Togo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Addis_Ababa" title="Addis Ababa">Addis Ababa</a> – Liaison Office with the <a href="/wiki/African_Union" title="African Union">African Union</a> and with the <a href="/wiki/Economic_Commission_for_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Economic Commission for Africa">Economic Commission for Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bamako" title="Bamako">Bamako</a> – Cluster Office for <a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso" title="Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guinea" title="Guinea">Guinea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a> and <a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger">Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazzaville" title="Brazzaville">Brazzaville</a> – National Office to the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Republic of the Congo">Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bujumbura" title="Bujumbura">Bujumbura</a> – National Office to <a href="/wiki/Burundi" title="Burundi">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dakar" title="Dakar">Dakar</a> – Regional Bureau for Education in Africa and Cluster Office for <a href="/wiki/Cape_Verde" title="Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gambia" class="mw-redirect" title="Gambia">Gambia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dar_es_Salaam" title="Dar es Salaam">Dar es Salaam</a> – Cluster Office for <a href="/wiki/Comoros" title="Comoros">Comoros</a>, <a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius">Mauritius</a>, <a href="/wiki/Seychelles" title="Seychelles">Seychelles</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harare" title="Harare">Harare</a> – Cluster Office for <a href="/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana">Botswana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi">Malawi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique">Mozambique</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zambia" title="Zambia">Zambia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juba" title="Juba">Juba</a> – National Office to <a href="/wiki/South_Sudan" title="South Sudan">South Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinshasa" title="Kinshasa">Kinshasa</a> – National Office to the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libreville" title="Libreville">Libreville</a> – Cluster Office for the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Republic of the Congo">Republic of the Congo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Equatorial_Guinea" title="Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon">Gabon</a> and <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="São Tomé and Príncipe">São Tomé and Príncipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maputo" title="Maputo">Maputo</a> – National Office to <a href="/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nairobi" title="Nairobi">Nairobi</a> – Regional Bureau for Sciences in Africa and Cluster Office for <a href="/wiki/Burundi" title="Burundi">Burundi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Djibouti" title="Djibouti">Djibouti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eritrea" title="Eritrea">Eritrea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda">Rwanda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia">Somalia</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Sudan" title="South Sudan">South Sudan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windhoek" title="Windhoek">Windhoek</a> – National Office to <a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaound%C3%A9" title="Yaoundé">Yaoundé</a> – Cluster Office to <a href="/wiki/Cameroon" title="Cameroon">Cameroon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Central_African_Republic" title="Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chad" title="Chad">Chad</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Arab_States">Arab States</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=UNESCO&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Arab States">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amman" title="Amman">Amman</a> – National Office to <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beirut" title="Beirut">Beirut</a> – Regional Bureau for Education in the Arab States and Cluster Office to <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> and <a href="/wiki/State_of_Palestine" title="State of Palestine">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cairo" title="Cairo">Cairo</a> – Regional Bureau for Sciences in the Arab States and Cluster Office for <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doha" title="Doha">Doha</a> – Cluster Office to <a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> – National Office for <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> (currently located in <a href="/wiki/Amman" title="Amman">Amman</a>, Jordan)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khartoum" title="Khartoum">Khartoum</a> – National Office to <a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manama" title="Manama">Manama</a> – <a href="/wiki/Arab_Regional_Centre_for_World_Heritage" title="Arab Regional Centre for World Heritage">Arab Regional Centre for World Heritage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabat" title="Rabat">Rabat</a> – Cluster Office to <a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mauritania" title="Mauritania">Mauritania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramallah" title="Ramallah">Ramallah</a> – National Office to the Palestinian Territories</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Asia_and_Pacific">Asia and Pacific</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=UNESCO&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Asia and Pacific">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/UNESCO_Asia_Pacific_Heritage_Awards" title="UNESCO Asia Pacific Heritage Awards">UNESCO Asia Pacific Heritage Awards</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Almaty" title="Almaty">Almaty</a> – Cluster Office to <a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstan" title="Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apia" title="Apia">Apia</a> – Cluster Office to Australia, <a href="/wiki/Cook_Islands" title="Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fiji" title="Fiji">Fiji</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati">Kiribati</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marshall_Islands" title="Marshall Islands">Marshall Islands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Federated_States_of_Micronesia" title="Federated States of Micronesia">Federated States of Micronesia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru">Nauru</a>, New Zealand, <a href="/wiki/Niue" title="Niue">Niue</a>, <a href="/wiki/Palau" title="Palau">Palau</a>, <a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea" title="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Samoa" title="Samoa">Samoa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Solomon_Islands" title="Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tonga" title="Tonga">Tonga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tuvalu" title="Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tokelau" title="Tokelau">Tokelau</a> (Associate Member)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok">Bangkok</a> – Regional Bureau for Education in Asia and the Pacific and Cluster Office to <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Burma" class="mw-redirect" title="Burma">Burma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a>, Singapore and <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li> <li>Beijing – Cluster Office to <a href="/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea">North Korea</a>, Japan, <a href="/wiki/Mongolia" title="Mongolia">Mongolia</a>, the <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">People's Republic of China</a> and <a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhaka" title="Dhaka">Dhaka</a> – National Office to <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanoi" title="Hanoi">Hanoi</a> – National Office to <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamabad" title="Islamabad">Islamabad</a> – National Office to <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jakarta" title="Jakarta">Jakarta</a> – Regional Bureau for Sciences in Asia and the Pacific and Cluster Office to the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/East_Timor" title="East Timor">East Timor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manila" title="Manila">Manila</a> – National Office to the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabul" title="Kabul">Kabul</a> – National Office to <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathmandu" title="Kathmandu">Kathmandu</a> – National Office to <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li>New Delhi – Cluster Office to <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bhutan" title="Bhutan">Bhutan</a>, India, <a href="/wiki/Maldives" title="Maldives">Maldives</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phnom_Penh" title="Phnom Penh">Phnom Penh</a> – National Office to <a href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tashkent" title="Tashkent">Tashkent</a> – National Office to <a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tehran" title="Tehran">Tehran</a> – Cluster Office to <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Europe_and_North_America">Europe and North America</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=UNESCO&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Europe and North America">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a> – Liaison Office to the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> and its <a href="/wiki/Brussels_and_the_European_Union" title="Brussels and the European Union">subsidiary bodies in Brussels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva</a> – Liaison Office to the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_at_Geneva" title="United Nations Office at Geneva">United Nations in Geneva</a></li> <li>New York City – Liaison Office to the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Headquarters" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Headquarters">United Nations in New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venice" title="Venice">Venice</a> – Regional Bureau for Sciences and Culture in Europe</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Latin_America_and_the_Caribbean">Latin America and the Caribbean</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=UNESCO&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Latin America and the Caribbean">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Carondolete_en_el_cambio_de_guardia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Carondolete_en_el_cambio_de_guardia.jpg/280px-Carondolete_en_el_cambio_de_guardia.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Carondolete_en_el_cambio_de_guardia.jpg/420px-Carondolete_en_el_cambio_de_guardia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Carondolete_en_el_cambio_de_guardia.jpg/560px-Carondolete_en_el_cambio_de_guardia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Carondelet_Palace" class="mw-redirect" title="Carondelet Palace">Carondelet Palace</a>, Presidential Palace – with changing of the guards. The <a href="/wiki/Historic_Center_of_Quito" class="mw-redirect" title="Historic Center of Quito">Historic Center of Quito</a>, Ecuador, is one of the largest, least-altered and best-preserved historic centres in <a href="/wiki/The_Americas" class="mw-redirect" title="The Americas">the Americas</a>.<a href="#cite_note-unesco-144">[143]</a> This centre was, together with the historic centre of <a href="/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w" title="Kraków">Kraków</a> in Poland, the first to be declared <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Site</a> by UNESCO on 18 September 1978.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bras%C3%ADlia" title="Brasília">Brasília</a> – National Office to Brazil<a href="#cite_note-145">[144]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guatemala_City" title="Guatemala City">Guatemala City</a> – National Office to <a href="/wiki/Guatemala" title="Guatemala">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Havana" title="Havana">Havana</a> – Regional Bureau for Culture in Latin America and the <a href="/wiki/Caribbean" title="Caribbean">Caribbean</a> and Cluster Office to <a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic" title="Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Haiti" title="Haiti">Haiti</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aruba" title="Aruba">Aruba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingston,_Jamaica" title="Kingston, Jamaica">Kingston</a> – Cluster Office to <a href="/wiki/Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bahamas" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahamas">Bahamas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barbados" title="Barbados">Barbados</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belize" title="Belize">Belize</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dominica" title="Dominica">Dominica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grenada" title="Grenada">Grenada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana">Guyana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jamaica" title="Jamaica">Jamaica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" title="Saint Kitts and Nevis">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucia" title="Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" title="Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a>, <a href="/wiki/Suriname" title="Suriname">Suriname</a> and <a href="/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a> as well as the associate member states of <a href="/wiki/British_Virgin_Islands" title="British Virgin Islands">British Virgin Islands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cayman_Islands" title="Cayman Islands">Cayman Islands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cura%C3%A7ao" title="Curaçao">Curaçao</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sint_Maarten" title="Sint Maarten">Sint Maarten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lima" title="Lima">Lima</a> – National Office to <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexico_City" title="Mexico City">Mexico City</a> – National Office to Mexico</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montevideo" title="Montevideo">Montevideo</a> – Regional Bureau for Sciences in Latin America and the <a href="/wiki/Caribbean" title="Caribbean">Caribbean</a> and Cluster Office to <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a>, Brazil, Chile, <a href="/wiki/Paraguay" title="Paraguay">Paraguay</a> and <a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port-au-Prince" title="Port-au-Prince">Port-au-Prince</a> – National Office to <a href="/wiki/Haiti" title="Haiti">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quito" title="Quito">Quito</a> – Cluster Office to <a href="/wiki/Bolivia" title="Bolivia">Bolivia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ecuador" title="Ecuador">Ecuador</a> and <a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a><a href="#cite_note-146">[145]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Jos%C3%A9,_Costa_Rica" title="San José, Costa Rica">San José</a> – Cluster Office to <a href="/wiki/Costa_Rica" title="Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a>, <a href="/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador">El Salvador</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guatemala" title="Guatemala">Guatemala</a>, <a href="/wiki/Honduras" title="Honduras">Honduras</a>, Mexico, <a href="/wiki/Nicaragua" title="Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a> and <a href="/wiki/Panama" title="Panama">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santiago_de_Chile" class="mw-redirect" title="Santiago de Chile">Santiago de Chile</a> – Regional Bureau for Education in Latin America and the Caribbean and National Office to Chile</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Partner_organisations">Partner organisations</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=UNESCO&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Partner organisations">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Committee_of_the_Red_Cross" title="International Committee of the Red Cross">International Committee of the Red Cross</a> (ICRC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Shield_International" title="Blue Shield International">Blue Shield International</a> (BSI)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Council_of_Museums" title="International Council of Museums">International Council of Museums</a> (ICOM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Council_on_Monuments_and_Sites" title="International Council on Monuments and Sites">International Council on Monuments and Sites</a> (ICOMOS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Institute_of_Humanitarian_Law" title="International Institute of Humanitarian Law">International Institute of Humanitarian Law</a> (IIHL)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Controversies">Controversies</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=UNESCO&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Controversies">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="New_World_Information_and_Communication_Order">New World Information and Communication Order</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=UNESCO&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: New World Information and Communication Order">edit</a>]</div> UNESCO has been the centre of controversy in the past, particularly in its relationships with the United States, the United Kingdom, Singapore and the former <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>. During the 1970s and 1980s, UNESCO's support for a "<a href="/wiki/New_World_Information_and_Communication_Order" title="New World Information and Communication Order">New World Information and Communication Order</a>" and its <a href="/wiki/MacBride_report" title="MacBride report">MacBride report</a> calling for democratization of the media and more egalitarian access to information was condemned in these countries as attempts to curb <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_the_press" title="Freedom of the press">freedom of the press</a>. UNESCO was perceived as a platform for communists and Third World dictators to attack the West, in contrast to accusations made by the USSR in the late 1940s and early 1950s.<a href="#cite_note-147">[146]</a> In 1984, the United States withheld its contributions and withdrew from the organization in protest, followed by the United Kingdom in 1985.<a href="#cite_note-148">[147]</a> Singapore withdrew also at the end of 1985, citing rising membership fees.<a href="#cite_note-149">[148]</a> Following a change of government in 1997, the UK rejoined. The United States rejoined in 2003, followed by Singapore on 8 October 2007.<a href="#cite_note-150">[149]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="China">China</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=UNESCO&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: China">edit</a>]</div> UNESCO has been criticized as being used by the People's Republic of China to present a <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Chinese Communist Party">Chinese Communist Party</a> version of history and to dilute the contributions of <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_minorities_in_China" title="Ethnic minorities in China">ethnic minorities in China</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Uyghurs" title="Uyghurs">Uyghurs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tibetan_people" title="Tibetan people">Tibetans</a>.<a href="#cite_note-151">[150]</a><a href="#cite_note-152">[151]</a><a href="#cite_note-153">[152]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Israel">Israel</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=UNESCO&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Israel">edit</a>]</div> Israel was admitted to UNESCO in 1949, one year after its creation. Israel has maintained its membership since then. In 2010, Israel designated the <a href="/wiki/Cave_of_the_Patriarchs" title="Cave of the Patriarchs">Cave of the Patriarchs</a> in <a href="/wiki/Hebron" title="Hebron">Hebron</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rachel%27s_Tomb" title="Rachel's Tomb">Rachel's Tomb</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bethlehem" title="Bethlehem">Bethlehem</a> – both in the <a href="/wiki/West_Bank" title="West Bank">West Bank</a> – as <a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Heritage_Sites_of_Israel" title="List of National Heritage Sites of Israel">National Heritage Sites</a> and announced restoration work, prompting criticism from the Obama administration and protests from Palestinians.<a href="#cite_note-154">[153]</a> In October 2010, UNESCO's executive board voted to declare the sites as "al-Haram al-Ibrahimi/Tomb of the Patriarchs" and "Bilal bin Rabah Mosque/Rachel's Tomb" and stated that they were "an integral part of the <a href="/wiki/Occupied_Palestinian_Territories" class="mw-redirect" title="Occupied Palestinian Territories">occupied Palestinian Territories</a>" and any unilateral Israeli action was a violation of <a href="/wiki/International_law" title="International law">international law</a>.<a href="#cite_note-155">[154]</a> UNESCO described the sites as significant to "people of the Muslim, Christian and Jewish traditions", and accused Israel of highlighting only the Jewish character of the sites.<a href="#cite_note-156">[155]</a> Israel in turn accused UNESCO of "detach[ing] the Nation of Israel from its heritage", and accused it of being politically motivated.<a href="#cite_note-157">[156]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Shmuel_Rabinovitch" title="Shmuel Rabinovitch">Rabbi of the Western Wall</a> said that Rachel's tomb had not previously been declared a holy Muslim site.<a href="#cite_note-158">[157]</a> Israel partially suspended ties with UNESCO. Israeli Deputy Foreign Minister <a href="/wiki/Danny_Ayalon" title="Danny Ayalon">Danny Ayalon</a> declared that the resolution was a "part of Palestinian escalation". <a href="/wiki/Zevulun_Orlev" title="Zevulun Orlev">Zevulun Orlev</a>, chairman of the <a href="/wiki/Knesset" title="Knesset">Knesset</a> Education and Culture Committee, referred to the resolutions as an attempt to undermine the mission of UNESCO as a scientific and cultural organization that promotes cooperation throughout the world.<a href="#cite_note-159">[158]</a><a href="#cite_note-160">[159]</a> On 28 June 2011, UNESCO's World Heritage Committee, at <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a>'s insistence, censured[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify">clarification needed</a>] Israel's decision to demolish and rebuild the <a href="/wiki/Mughrabi-Bridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Mughrabi-Bridge">Mughrabi Gate</a> Bridge in Jerusalem for safety reasons. Israel stated that Jordan had signed an agreement with Israel stipulating that the existing bridge must be dismantled for safety reasons; Jordan disputed the agreement, saying that it was only signed under U.S. pressure. Israel was also unable to address the UNESCO committee over objections from <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>.<a href="#cite_note-161">[160]</a> In January 2014, days before it was scheduled to open, UNESCO Director-General, <a href="/wiki/Irina_Bokova" title="Irina Bokova">Irina Bokova</a>, "indefinitely postponed" and effectively cancelled an exhibit created by the <a href="/wiki/Simon_Wiesenthal_Centre" class="mw-redirect" title="Simon Wiesenthal Centre">Simon Wiesenthal Centre</a> entitled "The People, The Book, The Land: The 3,500-year relationship between the <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_and_Judaism_in_the_Land_of_Israel" title="History of the Jews and Judaism in the Land of Israel">Jewish people and the Land of Israel</a>". The event was scheduled to run from 21 January through 30 January in Paris. Bokova cancelled the event after representatives of Arab states at UNESCO argued that its display would "harm the <a href="/wiki/Arab-Israeli_peace_process" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab-Israeli peace process">peace process</a>".<a href="#cite_note-162">[161]</a> The author of the exhibition, professor <a href="/wiki/Robert_Wistrich" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Wistrich">Robert Wistrich</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Hebrew University">Hebrew University</a>'s <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vidal_Sassoon_International_Centre_for_the_Study_of_Anti-Semitism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vidal Sassoon International Centre for the Study of Anti-Semitism (page does not exist)">Vidal Sassoon International Centre for the Study of Anti-Semitism</a>, called the cancellation an "appalling act", and characterized Bokova's decision as "an arbitrary act of total cynicism and, really, contempt for the Jewish people and its history". UNESCO amended the decision to cancel the exhibit within the year, and it quickly achieved popularity and was viewed as a great success.<a href="#cite_note-163">[162]</a> On 1 January 2019, Israel formally left UNESCO in pursuance of the US withdrawal over perceived continuous anti-Israel bias.<a href="#cite_note-164">[163]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Occupied_Palestine_Resolution">Occupied Palestine Resolution</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=UNESCO&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Occupied Palestine Resolution">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Occupied_Palestine_Resolution" title="Occupied Palestine Resolution">Occupied Palestine Resolution</a></div> On 13 October 2016, UNESCO passed a resolution on East Jerusalem that condemned Israel for "aggressions" by Israeli police and soldiers and "illegal measures" against the freedom of worship and Muslims' access to their holy sites, while also recognizing Israel as the occupying power. Palestinian leaders welcomed the decision.<a href="#cite_note-UNESCO_adopts_anti-165">[164]</a> While the text acknowledged the "importance of the Old City of Jerusalem and its walls for the three monotheistic religions", it referred to the sacred hilltop compound in Jerusalem's Old City only by its Muslim name "Al-Haram al-Sharif", Arabic for Noble Sanctuary. In response, Israel denounced the UNESCO resolution for its omission of the words "Temple Mount" or "Har HaBayit", stating that it <a href="/wiki/Temple_denial" title="Temple denial">denies Jewish ties to the key holy site</a>.<a href="#cite_note-UNESCO_adopts_anti-165">[164]</a><a href="#cite_note-166">[165]</a> After receiving criticism from numerous Israeli politicians and diplomats, including <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Netanyahu" title="Benjamin Netanyahu">Benjamin Netanyahu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ayelet_Shaked" title="Ayelet Shaked">Ayelet Shaked</a>, Israel froze all ties with the organization.<a href="#cite_note-167">[166]</a><a href="#cite_note-168">[167]</a> The resolution was condemned by <a href="/wiki/Ban_Ki-moon" title="Ban Ki-moon">Ban Ki-moon</a> and the Director-General of UNESCO, Irina Bokova, who said that Judaism, Islam and Christianity have clear historical connections to Jerusalem and "to deny, conceal or erase any of the Jewish, Christian or Muslim traditions undermines the integrity of the site.<a href="#cite_note-169">[168]</a><a href="#cite_note-170">[169]</a> "Al-Aqsa Mosque [or] Al-Haram al-Sharif" is also Temple Mount, whose Western Wall is the holiest place in Judaism."<a href="#cite_note-171">[170]</a> It was also rejected by the Czech Parliament which said the resolution reflects a "hateful <a href="/wiki/Calls_for_the_destruction_of_Israel" title="Calls for the destruction of Israel">anti-Israel</a> sentiment",<a href="#cite_note-timesofisrael.com-172">[171]</a> and hundreds of Italian Jews demonstrated in Rome over Italy's abstention.<a href="#cite_note-timesofisrael.com-172">[171]</a> On 26 October, UNESCO approved a reviewed version of the resolution, which also criticized Israel for its continuous "refusal to let the body's experts access Jerusalem's holy sites to determine their conservation status".<a href="#cite_note-173">[172]</a> Despite containing some softening of language following Israeli protests over a previous version, Israel continued to denounce the text.<a href="#cite_note-174">[173]</a> The resolution refers to the site Jews and Christians refer to as the Temple Mount, or Har HaBayit in Hebrew, only by its Arab name – a significant semantic decision also adopted by UNESCO's executive board, triggering condemnation from Israel and its allies. U.S. Ambassador Crystal Nix Hines stated: "This item should have been defeated. These politicized and one-sided resolutions are damaging the credibility of UNESCO."<a href="#cite_note-175">[174]</a> In October 2017, the United States and Israel announced they would withdraw from the organization, citing in-part anti-Israel bias.<a href="#cite_note-stategov-176">[175]</a><a href="#cite_note-177">[176]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Palestine">Palestine</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=UNESCO&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Palestine">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Palestinian_youth_magazine_controversy">Palestinian youth magazine controversy</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=UNESCO&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Palestinian youth magazine controversy">edit</a>]</div> In February 2011, an article was published in a Palestinian youth magazine in which a teenage girl described one of her four role models as <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a>. In December 2011, UNESCO, which partly funded the magazine, condemned the material and subsequently withdrew support.<a href="#cite_note-178">[177]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Islamic_University_of_Gaza_controversy">Islamic University of Gaza controversy</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=UNESCO&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Islamic University of Gaza controversy">edit</a>]</div> In 2012, UNESCO decided to establish a chair at the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_University_of_Gaza" title="Islamic University of Gaza">Islamic University of Gaza</a> in the field of <a href="/wiki/Astronomy" title="Astronomy">astronomy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Astrophysics" title="Astrophysics">astrophysics</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Space_science" class="mw-redirect" title="Space science">space sciences</a>,<a href="#cite_note-UNESCOIslamicUniversity-179">[178]</a> fueling controversy and criticism. Israel bombed the school in 2008 stating that they develop and store weapons there, which Israel restated in criticizing UNESCO's move.<a href="#cite_note-180">[179]</a><a href="#cite_note-MFAUNESCO-181">[180]</a> The head, <a href="/wiki/Kamalain_Shaath" title="Kamalain Shaath">Kamalain Shaath</a>, defended UNESCO, stating that "the Islamic University is a purely academic university that is interested only in education and its development".<a href="#cite_note-NationalPostUNESCO-182">[181]</a><a href="#cite_note-ShalitGazaIslamicUniversity-183">[182]</a><a href="#cite_note-BostonIUGProfile-184">[183]</a> Israeli ambassador to UNESCO <a href="/wiki/Nimrod_Barkan" title="Nimrod Barkan">Nimrod Barkan</a> planned to submit a letter of protest with information about the university's ties to Hamas, especially angry that this was the first Palestinian university that UNESCO chose to cooperate with.<a href="#cite_note-HaaretzUNESCOGaza-185">[184]</a> The Jewish organization <a href="/wiki/B%27nai_B%27rith" title="B'nai B'rith">B'nai B'rith</a> criticized the move as well.<a href="#cite_note-BnaiBrithUNESCO-186">[185]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Listing_Nanjing_Massacre_documents">Listing Nanjing Massacre documents</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=UNESCO&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Listing Nanjing Massacre documents">edit</a>]</div> In 2015, Japan threatened to halt funding of UNESCO because of the organization's decision to include documents related to the 1937 <a href="/wiki/Nanjing_massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="Nanjing massacre">Nanjing massacre</a> in the latest listing for its "Memory of the World" program.<a href="#cite_note-187">[186]</a> In October 2016, Japanese Foreign Minister <a href="/wiki/Fumio_Kishida" title="Fumio Kishida">Fumio Kishida</a> confirmed that Japan's 2016 annual funding of ¥4.4 billion had been suspended, although he denied any direct link with the Nanjing document controversy.<a href="#cite_note-188">[187]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="US_withdrawals">US withdrawals</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=UNESCO&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: US withdrawals">edit</a>]</div> The United States withdrew from UNESCO in 1984, citing the "highly politicized" nature of the organisation, its ostensible "hostility toward the basic institutions of a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Free_society&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Free society (page does not exist)">free society</a>, especially a <a href="/wiki/Free_market" title="Free market">free market</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_the_press" title="Freedom of the press">free press</a>", as well as its "unrestrained budgetary expansion", and poor management under then Director-General Amadou-Mahtar M'Bow of Senegal.<a href="#cite_note-withdrawal-189">[188]</a> On 19 September 1989, US Congressman <a href="/wiki/Jim_Leach" title="Jim Leach">Jim Leach</a> stated before a congressional subcommittee:<a href="#cite_note-cspan-190">[189]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">The reasons for the withdrawal of the United States from UNESCO in 1984 are well-known; my view is that we overreacted to the calls of some who wanted to radicalize UNESCO, and the calls of others who wanted the United States to lead in emasculating the UN system. The fact is UNESCO is one of the least dangerous international institutions ever created. While some member countries within UNESCO attempted to push journalistic views antithetical to the values of the west, and engage in Israel bashing, UNESCO itself never adopted such radical postures. The United States opted for empty-chair diplomacy, after winning, not losing, the battles we engaged in... It was nuts to get out, and would be nuttier not to rejoin.</blockquote> Leach concluded that the record showed Israel bashing, a call for a new world information order, money management, and arms control policy to be the impetuses behind the withdrawal; he asserted that before departing from UNESCO, a withdrawal from the <a href="/wiki/IAEA" class="mw-redirect" title="IAEA">IAEA</a> had been pushed on him.<a href="#cite_note-cspan-190">[189]</a> On 1 October 2003, the United States rejoined UNESCO.<a href="#cite_note-withdrawal-189">[188]</a> On 12 October 2017, the United States notified UNESCO it would again withdraw from the organization, on 31 December 2018; Israel followed suit.<a href="#cite_note-191">[190]</a> The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_State" title="United States Department of State">Department of State</a> cited "mounting arrears at UNESCO, the need for fundamental reform in the organization, and continuing anti-Israel bias at UNESCO".<a href="#cite_note-stategov-176">[175]</a> The United States has not paid over $600 million in dues<a href="#cite_note-192">[191]</a> since it stopped paying its $80 million annual UNESCO dues when Palestine became a full member in 2011. Israel and the United States were among the 14 votes against the membership out of 194 member countries.<a href="#cite_note-bias-193">[192]</a> When the United States announced it was rejoining the body in 2023, it also pledged to pay all past-due payments.<a href="#cite_note-usa2023-66">[65]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kurdish–Turkish_conflict">Kurdish–Turkish conflict</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=UNESCO&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Kurdish–Turkish conflict">edit</a>]</div> On 25 May 2016, Turkish poet and human rights activist <a href="/wiki/O._Z._Livaneli" class="mw-redirect" title="O. Z. Livaneli">Zülfü Livaneli</a> resigned as <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>'s only UNESCO goodwill ambassador. He highlighted the <a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Turkey" title="Human rights in Turkey">human rights situation in Turkey</a> and the destruction of the historical <a href="/wiki/Sur,_Diyarbak%C4%B1r" title="Sur, Diyarbakır">Sur</a> district of <a href="/wiki/Diyarbak%C4%B1r" title="Diyarbakır">Diyarbakir</a>, the largest city in Kurdish-majority southeast Turkey, during <a href="/wiki/Kurdish%E2%80%93Turkish_conflict_(2015%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurdish–Turkish conflict (2015–present)">fighting</a> between the Turkish army and Kurdish militants as the main reasons for his resignation. Livaneli said: "To pontificate on peace while remaining silent against such violations is a contradiction of the fundamental ideals of UNESCO."<a href="#cite_note-194">[193]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Campaigns_against_illicit_art_trading">Campaigns against illicit art trading</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=UNESCO&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Campaigns against illicit art trading">edit</a>]</div> In 2020 UNESCO stated that the size of the illicit trade in cultural property amounted to 10 billion dollars a year. A report that same year by the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rand_Organisation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rand Organisation (page does not exist)">Rand Organisation</a> suggested the actual market is "not likely to be larger than a few hundred million dollars each year". An expert cited by UNESCO as attributing the 10 billion figure denied it, saying he had "no idea" where the figure came from. Art dealers were particularly critical of the UNESCO figure because it amounted to 15% of the total world art market.<a href="#cite_note-195">[194]</a> In November 2020, part of a UNESCO advertising campaign intended to highlight international trafficking in looted artefacts had to be withdrawn after it falsely presented a series of museum-held artworks with known provenances as recently looted objects held in private collections. The adverts claimed that a head of Buddha in the Metropolitan Museum's collection since 1930 had been looted from a Kabul Museum in 2001 and then smuggled into the US art market, that a funerary monument from Palmyra that the Met had acquired in 1901 had been recently looted from the Palmyra Museum by Islamic State militants and then smuggled into the European antiquities market, and that an Ivory Coast mask with a provenance that indicates it was in the United States by 1954 was looted during armed clashes in 2010–2011. After complaints by the Met, the adverts were withdrawn.<a href="#cite_note-196">[195]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Products_and_services">Products and services</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=UNESCO&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: Products and services">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>UNESDOC Database<a href="#cite_note-197">[196]</a> – Contains more than 146,000 UNESCO documents in full text published since 1945 as well as metadata from the collections of the UNESCO Library and documentation centres in field offices and institutes.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Information_processing_tools">Information processing tools</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=UNESCO&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: Information processing tools">edit</a>]</div> UNESCO develops, maintains, and disseminates, free of charge, two interrelated software packages for database management (CDS/ISIS [not to be confused with UK police software package ISIS]) and data mining/statistical analysis (IDAMS).<a href="#cite_note-198">[197]</a> <ul><li>CDS/ISIS – a generalized information storage and retrieval system. The Windows version may run on a single computer or in a local area network. The JavaISIS client/server components allow remote database management over the Internet and are available for Windows, Linux, and Macintosh. Furthermore, GenISIS allows users to produce HTML Web forms for CDS/ISIS database searching. The ISIS_DLL provides an API for developing CDS/ISIS based applications.</li> <li>OpenIDAMS – a software package for processing and analysing numerical data developed, maintained and disseminated by UNESCO. The original package was proprietary, but UNESCO has initiated a project to provide it as open source.<a href="#cite_note-199">[198]</a></li> <li>IDIS – a tool for direct data exchange between CDS/ISIS and IDAMS</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=UNESCO&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output 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class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg/28px-The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg/42px-The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg/56px-The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="3002" /></a><a href="/wiki/Portal:World" title="Portal:World">World portal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Academic_mobility_network" title="Academic mobility network">Academic mobility network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_of_Nations_archives" title="League of Nations archives">League of Nations archives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UNESCO_Intangible_Cultural_Heritage_Lists" title="UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists">UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UNESCO_Reclining_Figure_1957%E2%80%9358" title="UNESCO Reclining Figure 1957–58">UNESCO Reclining Figure 1957–58</a>, sculpture by <a href="/wiki/Henry_Moore" title="Henry Moore">Henry Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UniRef" title="UniRef">UniRef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Commissions_for_UNESCO" title="National Commissions for UNESCO">National Commissions for UNESCO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Charter_of_Physical_Education,_Physical_Activity_and_Sport" title="International Charter of Physical Education, Physical Activity and Sport">International Charter of Physical Education, Physical Activity and Sport</a></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=UNESCO&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> French: Organisation des Nations unites pour l'éducation, la science et la culture </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=UNESCO&action=edit&section=48" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://unsceb.org/hr-organization">https://unsceb.org/hr-organization</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.unesco.org/">"UNESCO"</a>. UNESCO. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130925093242/http://en.unesco.org/">Archived</a> from the original on 25 September 2013. Retrieved 25 September 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UNESCO&rft.atitle=UNESCO&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.unesco.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUNESCO" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unesco.org/new/en/unesco/about-us/who-we-are/introducing-unesco/">"Introducing UNESCO"</a>. UNESCO. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110818121902/http://www.unesco.org/new/en/unesco/about-us/who-we-are/introducing-unesco">Archived</a> from the original on 18 August 2011. 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Retrieved 23 April 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=UNESCO+history&rft.pub=UNESCO&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unesco.org%2Fnew%2Fen%2Funesco%2Fabout-us%2Fwho-we-are%2Fhistory%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUNESCO" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.unesco.org/countries">"List of UNESCO members and associates"</a>. UNESCO. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220815012241/https://en.unesco.org/countries/">Archived</a> from the original on 15 August 2022. Retrieved 23 August 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=List+of+UNESCO+members+and+associates&rft.pub=UNESCO&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.unesco.org%2Fcountries&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUNESCO" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.unesco.org/partnerships">"Partnerships"</a>. UNESCO. 25 June 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200823220827/https://en.unesco.org/partnerships">Archived</a> from the original on 23 August 2020. Retrieved 19 August 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UNESCO&rft.atitle=Partnerships&rft.date=2013-06-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.unesco.org%2Fpartnerships&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUNESCO" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.unesco.org/fieldoffice">"Field offices"</a>. UNESCO. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200817141658/https://en.unesco.org/fieldoffice/">Archived</a> from the original on 17 August 2020. Retrieved 19 August 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UNESCO&rft.atitle=Field+offices&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.unesco.org%2Ffieldoffice&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUNESCO" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.unesco.org/countries/national-commissions">"National Commissions"</a>. UNESCO. 28 September 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200822204031/https://en.unesco.org/countries/national-commissions">Archived</a> from the original on 22 August 2020. Retrieved 19 August 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UNESCO&rft.atitle=National+Commissions&rft.date=2012-09-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.unesco.org%2Fcountries%2Fnational-commissions&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUNESCO" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.unesco.org/fieldoffice/apia/about">"About UNESCO Office for the Pacific States"</a>. UNESCO. 1 August 2019. Retrieved 24 July 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UNESCO&rft.atitle=About+UNESCO+Office+for+the+Pacific+States&rft.date=2019-08-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.unesco.org%2Ffieldoffice%2Fapia%2Fabout&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUNESCO" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-intellectualcooperation-11">^ <a href="#cite_ref-intellectualcooperation_11-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-intellectualcooperation_11-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrandjean2018" class="citation book cs1">Grandjean, Martin (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01853903/document">Les réseaux de la coopération intellectuelle. La Société des Nations comme actrice des échanges scientifiques et culturels dans l'entre-deux-guerres</a> [The Networks of Intellectual Cooperation. The League of Nations as an Actor of the Scientific and Cultural Exchanges in the Inter-War Period]. Lausanne: Université de Lausanne. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180912022034/https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01853903/document">Archived</a> from the original on 12 September 2018. Retrieved 5 April 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Les+r%C3%A9seaux+de+la+coop%C3%A9ration+intellectuelle.+La+Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9+des+Nations+comme+actrice+des+%C3%A9changes+scientifiques+et+culturels+dans+l%27entre-deux-guerres&rft.place=Lausanne&rft.pub=Universit%C3%A9+de+Lausanne&rft.date=2018&rft.aulast=Grandjean&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftel.archives-ouvertes.fr%2Ftel-01853903%2Fdocument&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUNESCO" class="Z3988"> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.martingrandjean.ch/the-networks-of-intellectual-cooperation/">English summary</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190322103701/http://www.martingrandjean.ch/the-networks-of-intellectual-cooperation/">Archived</a> 22 March 2019 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>). </li> <li id="cite_note-unesdoc.unesco.org-12"><a href="#cite_ref-unesdoc.unesco.org_12-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000261751.page=6">"UNESCO. General Conference, 39th, 2017 [892]"</a>. UNESCO Digital Library. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200409073606/https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000261751.page=6">Archived</a> from the original on 9 April 2020. Retrieved 19 August 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UNESCO+Digital+Library&rft.atitle=UNESCO.+General+Conference%2C+39th%2C+2017+%5B892%5D&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Funesdoc.unesco.org%2Fark%3A%2F48223%2Fpf0000261751.page%3D6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUNESCO" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mofa.go.jp/policy/culture/coop/unesco/program/list.html">"MOFA: Project list of The UNESCO Japanese Funds-in-Trust for the Capacity-building of Human Resources"</a>. mofa.go.jp. Retrieved 30 June 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=mofa.go.jp&rft.atitle=MOFA%3A+Project+list+of+The+UNESCO+Japanese+Funds-in-Trust+for+the+Capacity-building+of+Human+Resources&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mofa.go.jp%2Fpolicy%2Fculture%2Fcoop%2Funesco%2Fprogram%2Flist.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUNESCO" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.climats-bourgogne.com/en/sponsors_30.html">"Sponsors"</a>. climats-bourgogne.com. Retrieved 30 June 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=climats-bourgogne.com&rft.atitle=Sponsors&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.climats-bourgogne.com%2Fen%2Fsponsors_30.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUNESCO" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wcrp-climate.org/sponsors">"Sponsors and Contributors"</a>. wcrp-climate.org. 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"UNESCO and the promotion of cultural exchange and cultural diversity". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000156697">Normative Action in Education, Science and Culture – Essays in Commemoration of the Sixtieth Anniversary of UNESCO</a>. Standard-Setting in UNESCO. Vol. 1. UNESCO Publishing. pp. 147–169. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-92-3-104067-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-92-3-104067-2"><bdi>978-92-3-104067-2</bdi></a>. 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UNESCO. Retrieved 9 August 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=International+Programme+for+the+Development+of+Communication+%E2%80%93+About&rft.pub=UNESCO&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unesco.org%2Fen%2Finternational-programme-development-communication%2Fabout&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUNESCO" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.un.org/en/observances/press-freedom-day">"World Press Freedom Day"</a>. United Nations. Retrieved 26 July 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=World+Press+Freedom+Day&rft.pub=United+Nations&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.un.org%2Fen%2Fobservances%2Fpress-freedom-day&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUNESCO" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.manoramayearbook.in/current-affairs/world/2024/05/03/unesco-guillermo-cano-world-press-freedom-prize.html">"What is UNESCO/Guillermo Cano World Press Freedom Prize?"</a>. www.manoramayearbook.in. Retrieved 26 July 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.manoramayearbook.in&rft.atitle=What+is+UNESCO%2FGuillermo+Cano+World+Press+Freedom+Prize%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.manoramayearbook.in%2Fcurrent-affairs%2Fworld%2F2024%2F05%2F03%2Funesco-guillermo-cano-world-press-freedom-prize.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUNESCO" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unesco.org/new/en/media-services/single-view/news/general_conference_admits_palestine_as_unesco_member_state/">"General Conference admits Palestine as UNESCO Member"</a>. 31 October 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111214135140/http://www.unesco.org/new/en/media-services/single-view/news/general_conference_admits_palestine_as_unesco_member_state/">Archived</a> from the original on 14 December 2011. Retrieved 11 December 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=General+Conference+admits+Palestine+as+UNESCO+Member&rft.date=2011-10-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unesco.org%2Fnew%2Fen%2Fmedia-services%2Fsingle-view%2Fnews%2Fgeneral_conference_admits_palestine_as_unesco_member_state%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUNESCO" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlomfield2011" class="citation news cs1">Blomfield, Adrian (31 October 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/palestinianauthority/8860951/US-withdraws-Unesco-funding-after-it-accepts-Palestinian-membership.html">"US withdraws Unesco funding after it accepts Palestinian membership"</a>. The Telegraph. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111101190549/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/palestinianauthority/8860951/US-withdraws-Unesco-funding-after-it-accepts-Palestinian-membership.html">Archived</a> from the original on 1 November 2011. Retrieved 31 October 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=US+withdraws+Unesco+funding+after+it+accepts+Palestinian+membership&rft.date=2011-10-31&rft.aulast=Blomfield&rft.aufirst=Adrian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworldnews%2Fmiddleeast%2Fpalestinianauthority%2F8860951%2FUS-withdraws-Unesco-funding-after-it-accepts-Palestinian-membership.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUNESCO" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sakran2019-56"><a href="#cite_ref-Sakran2019_56-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShadi_Sakran2019" class="citation book cs1">Shadi Sakran (26 November 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Bk7ADwAAQBAJ&pg=PT64">The Legal Consequences of Limited Statehood: Palestine in Multilateral Frameworks</a>. Taylor & Francis. pp. 64–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-00-076357-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-00-076357-7"><bdi>978-1-00-076357-7</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211224172201/https://books.google.com/books?id=Bk7ADwAAQBAJ&pg=PT64">Archived</a> from the original on 24 December 2021. Retrieved 27 February 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Legal+Consequences+of+Limited+Statehood%3A+Palestine+in+Multilateral+Frameworks&rft.pages=64-&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2019-11-26&rft.isbn=978-1-00-076357-7&rft.au=Shadi+Sakran&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBk7ADwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT64&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUNESCO" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000082711_eng">Request for the admission of the State of Palestine to UNESCO as a Member State</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200413024831/https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000082711_eng">Archived</a> 13 April 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, UNESCO Executive Board, 131st, 1989 </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> The laws originated in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.congress.gov/bill/101st-congress/house-bill/2145">H.R. 2145</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.congress.gov/bill/101st-congress/senate-bill/875">S. 875</a>; for further details, see committee discussions at: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnited_States._Congress._House._Committee_on_Foreign_Affairs._Subcommittee_on_Human_Rights_and_International_Organizations1989" class="citation book cs1">United States. Congress. House. Committee on Foreign Affairs. Subcommittee on Human Rights and International Organizations (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Sel5XgE6eGQC">The PLO's Efforts to Obtain Statehood Status at the World Health Organization and Other International Organizations: Hearing and Markup Before the Subcommittee on Human Rights and International Organizations of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, House of Representatives, One Hundred First Congress, First Session, on H.R. 2145, May 4, 1989</a>. U.S. Government Printing Office. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200819213216/https://books.google.com/books?id=Sel5XgE6eGQC">Archived</a> from the original on 19 August 2020. Retrieved 27 February 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+PLO%27s+Efforts+to+Obtain+Statehood+Status+at+the+World+Health+Organization+and+Other+International+Organizations%3A+Hearing+and+Markup+Before+the+Subcommittee+on+Human+Rights+and+International+Organizations+of+the+Committee+on+Foreign+Affairs%2C+House+of+Representatives%2C+One+Hundred+First+Congress%2C+First+Session%2C+on+H.R.+2145%2C+May+4%2C+1989&rft.pub=U.S.+Government+Printing+Office&rft.date=1989&rft.au=United+States.+Congress.+House.+Committee+on+Foreign+Affairs.+Subcommittee+on+Human+Rights+and+International+Organizations&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSel5XgE6eGQC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUNESCO" class="Z3988">. The texts of the House and Senate resolutions were subsequently put into the following laws: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.congress.gov/bill/101st-congress/house-bill/3743">H.R. 3743</a> (which produced <a href="/wiki/Act_of_Congress#Public_law,_private_law,_designation" title="Act of Congress"><abbr title="Public Law">Pub. L.</abbr></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://uslaw.link/citation/us-law/public/101/246">101–246</a>), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.congress.gov/bill/102nd-congress/house-bill/5368">H.R. 5368</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.congress.gov/bill/103rd-congress/house-bill/2295">H.R. 2295</a> and finally <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.congress.gov/bill/103rd-congress/house-bill/2333">H.R. 2333</a> (which produced <a href="/wiki/Act_of_Congress#Public_law,_private_law,_designation" title="Act of Congress"><abbr title="Public Law">Pub. L.</abbr></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://uslaw.link/citation/us-law/public/103/236">103–236</a>). See also: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeattie2016" class="citation book cs1">Beattie, Kirk (3 May 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gEMJAwAAQBAJ&pg=PT287">Congress and the Shaping of the Middle East</a>. Seven Stories Press. p. 287 online. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-60980-562-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-60980-562-3"><bdi>978-1-60980-562-3</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200819091928/https://books.google.com/books?id=gEMJAwAAQBAJ&pg=PT287">Archived</a> from the original on 19 August 2020. Retrieved 27 February 2020. <q>...1989 Senate and House efforts like... Senate Resolution 875 and House Resolution 2145, both of which contained language similar to that found in the public laws of 1990 and 1994. Sen. <a href="/wiki/Bob_Kasten" title="Bob Kasten">Robert Kasten, Jr.</a> (R-WI) was the primary sponsor of S 875, and Rep. <a href="/wiki/Tom_Lantos" title="Tom Lantos">Tom Lantos</a> sponsored HR 2145. In a nutshell, recognition by any UN body of the Palestinians' right to statehood or its achievement of statehood status would trigger a suspension of US funding to the "offending" UN body under these laws.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Congress+and+the+Shaping+of+the+Middle+East&rft.pages=287+online&rft.pub=Seven+Stories+Press&rft.date=2016-05-03&rft.isbn=978-1-60980-562-3&rft.aulast=Beattie&rft.aufirst=Kirk&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgEMJAwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT287&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUNESCO" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-palestinians-unesco-usa-funding/u-s-stops-unesco-funding-over-palestinian-vote-idUSTRE79U5ED20111031">"U.S. stops UNESCO funding over Palestinian vote"</a>. Reuters. 31 October 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200226162636/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-palestinians-unesco-usa-funding/u-s-stops-unesco-funding-over-palestinian-vote-idUSTRE79U5ED20111031">Archived</a> from the original on 26 February 2020. Retrieved 26 February 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=U.S.+stops+UNESCO+funding+over+Palestinian+vote&rft.date=2011-10-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-palestinians-unesco-usa-funding%2Fu-s-stops-unesco-funding-over-palestinian-vote-idUSTRE79U5ED20111031&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUNESCO" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFErlangerSayare2011" class="citation news cs1">Erlanger, Steven; Sayare, Scott (31 October 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/01/world/middleeast/unesco-approves-full-membership-for-palestinians.html">"Unesco Approves Full Membership for Palestinians"</a>. The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111031171156/http://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/01/world/middleeast/unesco-approves-full-membership-for-palestinians.html">Archived</a> from the original on 31 October 2011. Retrieved 31 October 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Unesco+Approves+Full+Membership+for+Palestinians&rft.date=2011-10-31&rft.aulast=Erlanger&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft.au=Sayare%2C+Scott&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2011%2F11%2F01%2Fworld%2Fmiddleeast%2Funesco-approves-full-membership-for-palestinians.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUNESCO" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/news/after-unesco-vote-israeli-sanctions-on-palestinian-authority-anger-u-s-1.393600">"After UNESCO vote, Israeli sanctions on Palestinian Authority anger U.S."</a> Haaretz. 4 November 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111207205936/http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/news/after-unesco-vote-israeli-sanctions-on-palestinian-authority-anger-u-s-1.393600">Archived</a> from the original on 7 December 2011. Retrieved 11 December 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=After+UNESCO+vote%2C+Israeli+sanctions+on+Palestinian+Authority+anger+U.S.&rft.date=2011-11-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fprint-edition%2Fnews%2Fafter-unesco-vote-israeli-sanctions-on-palestinian-authority-anger-u-s-1.393600&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUNESCO" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111106053150/http://articles.cnn.com/2011-11-03/middleeast/world_meast_israel-unesco_1_unesco-palestinian-bid-palestinian-state?_s=PM:MIDDLEEAST">"Israel freezes UNESCO funds"</a>. CNN. 3 December 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://articles.cnn.com/2011-11-03/middleeast/world_meast_israel-unesco_1_unesco-palestinian-bid-palestinian-state?_s=PM:MIDDLEEAST">the original</a> on 6 November 2011. Retrieved 11 December 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Israel+freezes+UNESCO+funds&rft.date=2011-12-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farticles.cnn.com%2F2011-11-03%2Fmiddleeast%2Fworld_meast_israel-unesco_1_unesco-palestinian-bid-palestinian-state%3F_s%3DPM%3AMIDDLEEAST&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUNESCO" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-unesco-idUSBRE9A70I320131108">"U.S., Israel lose voting rights at UNESCO over Palestine row"</a>. Reuters. 8 November 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140709192541/http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/11/08/us-unesco-idUSBRE9A70I320131108">Archived</a> from the original on 9 July 2014. Retrieved 29 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=U.S.%2C+Israel+lose+voting+rights+at+UNESCO+over+Palestine+row&rft.date=2013-11-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-unesco-idUSBRE9A70I320131108&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUNESCO" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timesofisrael.com/69-years-after-joining-israel-formally-leaves-un-cultural-body/">""69 years after joining, Israel formally leaves UNESCO; so, too, does the US" – The Times of Israel"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_Israel" title="The Times of Israel">The Times of Israel</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191230161001/https://www.timesofisrael.com/69-years-after-joining-israel-formally-leaves-un-cultural-body/">Archived</a> from the original on 30 December 2019. Retrieved 2 February 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+Israel&rft.atitle=%2269+years+after+joining%2C+Israel+formally+leaves+UNESCO%3B+so%2C+too%2C+does+the+US%22+%E2%80%93+The+Times+of+Israel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesofisrael.com%2F69-years-after-joining-israel-formally-leaves-un-cultural-body%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUNESCO" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kyivindependent.com/russia-not-elected-to-unesco-executive-board-for-the-first-time/">"Russia not elected to UNESCO Executive Board for the first time"</a>. 15 November 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Russia+not+elected+to+UNESCO+Executive+Board+for+the+first+time&rft.date=2023-11-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkyivindependent.com%2Frussia-not-elected-to-unesco-executive-board-for-the-first-time%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUNESCO" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-usa2023-66">^ <a href="#cite_ref-usa2023_66-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-usa2023_66-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-usa2023_66-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCharlton2023" class="citation web cs1">Charlton, Angela (12 June 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/unesco-us-rejoin-palestine-china-5b7849bd2cae966e4e9837380c0c094f">"US decides to rejoin UNESCO and pay back dues, to counter Chinese influence"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>. Retrieved 26 September 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=US+decides+to+rejoin+UNESCO+and+pay+back+dues%2C+to+counter+Chinese+influence&rft.pub=Associated+Press&rft.date=2023-06-12&rft.aulast=Charlton&rft.aufirst=Angela&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Funesco-us-rejoin-palestine-china-5b7849bd2cae966e4e9837380c0c094f&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUNESCO" class="Z3988"> Cite error: The named reference "usa2023" was defined multiple times with different content (see the <a href="/wiki/Help:Cite_errors/Cite_error_references_duplicate_key" title="Help:Cite errors/Cite error references duplicate key">help page</a>). </li> <li id="cite_note-uspbs-67">^ <a href="#cite_ref-uspbs_67-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-uspbs_67-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLee2024" class="citation web cs1">Lee, Matthew (26 September 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/u-s-formally-rejoins-unesco-5-years-after-withdraw">"U.S. formally rejoins UNESCO 5 years after withdraw"</a>. <a href="/wiki/PBS" title="PBS">PBS</a>. <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>. Retrieved 11 July 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PBS&rft.atitle=U.S.+formally+rejoins+UNESCO+5+years+after+withdraw&rft.date=2024-09-26&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Fnewshour%2Fpolitics%2Fu-s-formally-rejoins-unesco-5-years-after-withdraw&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUNESCO" class="Z3988"> Cite error: The named reference "uspbs" was defined multiple times with different content (see the <a href="/wiki/Help:Cite_errors/Cite_error_references_duplicate_key" title="Help:Cite errors/Cite error references duplicate key">help page</a>). </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unesco.org/en/fieldoffice/newdelhi/expertise">"Expertise"</a>. UNESCO. Retrieved 9 August 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Expertise&rft.pub=UNESCO&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unesco.org%2Fen%2Ffieldoffice%2Fnewdelhi%2Fexpertise&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUNESCO" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> Because <a href="/wiki/Diploma_mill" title="Diploma mill">diploma mills</a> have falsely claimed UNESCO accreditation, UNESCO itself has published warnings against education organizations that claim UNESCO recognition or affiliation. See Luca Lantero, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cimea.it/files/fileusers/Diploma_mills_Luca_Lantero_EN.pdf">Degree Mills: non-accredited and irregular higher education institutions</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150513185433/http://www.cimea.it/files/fileusers/Diploma_mills_Luca_Lantero_EN.pdf">Archived</a> 13 May 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Information_Centre_on_Academic_Mobility_and_Equivalence" title="Information Centre on Academic Mobility and Equivalence">Information Centre on Academic Mobility and Equivalence (CIMEA)</a>, Italy. and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20090521152755/http://portal.unesco.org/education/en/ev.php-URL_ID=48787&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html">UNESCO "Alert: Misuse of UNESCO Name by Bogus Institutions"</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVarga,_Susan2006" class="citation book cs1">Varga, Susan (2006). Edinburgh Old Town (Images of Scotland). The History Press Ltd. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7524-4083-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7524-4083-5"><bdi>978-0-7524-4083-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Edinburgh+Old+Town+%28Images+of+Scotland%29&rft.pub=The+History+Press+Ltd&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-7524-4083-5&rft.au=Varga%2C+Susan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUNESCO" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchmidt2017" class="citation web cs1">Schmidt, Mitchell (12 October 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.com/nation-world/iowa-city-nations-only-unesco-city-of-literature-disappointed-over-withdrawal/">"Iowa City, nation's only 'UNESCO City of Literature' disappointed over withdrawal"</a>. The Gazette. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220209082906/https://www.thegazette.com/nation-world/iowa-city-nations-only-unesco-city-of-literature-disappointed-over-withdrawal/">Archived</a> from the original on 9 February 2022. Retrieved 23 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Gazette&rft.atitle=Iowa+City%2C+nation%27s+only+%27UNESCO+City+of+Literature%27+disappointed+over+withdrawal&rft.date=2017-10-12&rft.aulast=Schmidt&rft.aufirst=Mitchell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.com%2Fnation-world%2Fiowa-city-nations-only-unesco-city-of-literature-disappointed-over-withdrawal%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUNESCO" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPhipps2018" class="citation web cs1">Phipps, Kinsey (9 December 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dailyiowan.com/2018/12/09/iowa-city-grows-after-10-years-as-city-of-literature/">"Iowa City grows after 10 years as City of Literature"</a>. The Daily Iowan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181211133329/https://dailyiowan.com/2018/12/09/iowa-city-grows-after-10-years-as-city-of-literature/">Archived</a> from the original on 11 December 2018. Retrieved 23 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Iowan&rft.atitle=Iowa+City+grows+after+10+years+as+City+of+Literature&rft.date=2018-12-09&rft.aulast=Phipps&rft.aufirst=Kinsey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdailyiowan.com%2F2018%2F12%2F09%2Fiowa-city-grows-after-10-years-as-city-of-literature%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUNESCO" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191210053749/https://en.unesco.org/themes/fostering-freedom-expression">"Fostering Freedom of Expression"</a>. UNESCO. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.unesco.org/themes/fostering-freedom-expression">the original</a> on 10 December 2019. Retrieved 19 December 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UNESCO&rft.atitle=Fostering+Freedom+of+Expression&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.unesco.org%2Fthemes%2Ffostering-freedom-expression&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUNESCO" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170618011854/http://www.unesco.org/new/en/communication-and-information/intergovernmental-programmes/ipdc/homepage">"International Programme for the Development of Communication (IPDC)"</a>. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unesco.org/new/en/communication-and-information/intergovernmental-programmes/ipdc/homepage">the original</a> on 18 June 2017. Retrieved 19 December 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+Nations+Educational%2C+Scientific+and+Cultural+Organization&rft.atitle=International+Programme+for+the+Development+of+Communication+%28IPDC%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unesco.org%2Fnew%2Fen%2Fcommunication-and-information%2Fintergovernmental-programmes%2Fipdc%2Fhomepage&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUNESCO" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.unesco.org/themes/safety-journalists">"Safety of Journalists"</a>. UNESCO. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200120131159/https://en.unesco.org/themes/safety-journalists">Archived</a> from the original on 20 January 2020. Retrieved 19 December 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UNESCO&rft.atitle=Safety+of+Journalists&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.unesco.org%2Fthemes%2Fsafety-journalists&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUNESCO" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unesco.org/new/en/communication-and-information/freedom-of-expression/safety-of-journalists/un-plan-of-action/">"UN Plan of Action"</a>. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170811103326/http://www.unesco.org/new/en/communication-and-information/freedom-of-expression/safety-of-journalists/un-plan-of-action">Archived</a> from the original on 11 August 2017. Retrieved 19 December 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+Nations+Educational%2C+Scientific+and+Cultural+Organization&rft.atitle=UN+Plan+of+Action&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unesco.org%2Fnew%2Fen%2Fcommunication-and-information%2Ffreedom-of-expression%2Fsafety-of-journalists%2Fun-plan-of-action%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUNESCO" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.unesco.org/themes/building-knowledge-societies">"Building Knowledge Societies"</a>. UNESCO. 18 June 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200116181422/https://en.unesco.org/themes/building-knowledge-societies">Archived</a> from the original on 16 January 2020. Retrieved 19 December 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UNESCO&rft.atitle=Building+Knowledge+Societies&rft.date=2013-06-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.unesco.org%2Fthemes%2Fbuilding-knowledge-societies&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUNESCO" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unesco.org/new/en/communication-and-information/flagship-project-activities/memory-of-the-world/homepage/">"Memory of the World"</a>. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170710050933/http://www.unesco.org/new/en/communication-and-information/flagship-project-activities/memory-of-the-world/homepage">Archived</a> from the original on 10 July 2017. Retrieved 19 December 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+Nations+Educational%2C+Scientific+and+Cultural+Organization&rft.atitle=Memory+of+the+World&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unesco.org%2Fnew%2Fen%2Fcommunication-and-information%2Fflagship-project-activities%2Fmemory-of-the-world%2Fhomepage%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUNESCO" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unesco.org/new/en/communication-and-information/intergovernmental-programmes/information-for-all-programme-ifap/">"Information for All Programme (IFAP)"</a>. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170910112204/http://www.unesco.org/new/en/communication-and-information/intergovernmental-programmes/information-for-all-programme-ifap/">Archived</a> from the original on 10 September 2017. Retrieved 19 December 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+Nations+Educational%2C+Scientific+and+Cultural+Organization&rft.atitle=Information+for+All+Programme+%28IFAP%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unesco.org%2Fnew%2Fen%2Fcommunication-and-information%2Fintergovernmental-programmes%2Finformation-for-all-programme-ifap%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUNESCO" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unesco.org/new/en/communication-and-information/crosscutting-priorities/unesco-internet-study/internet-universality/">"Internet Universality"</a>. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170728033751/http://www.unesco.org/new/en/communication-and-information/crosscutting-priorities/unesco-internet-study/internet-universality/">Archived</a> from the original on 28 July 2017. Retrieved 19 December 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+Nations+Educational%2C+Scientific+and+Cultural+Organization&rft.atitle=Internet+Universality&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unesco.org%2Fnew%2Fen%2Fcommunication-and-information%2Fcrosscutting-priorities%2Funesco-internet-study%2Finternet-universality%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUNESCO" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unesco.org/new/en/world-media-trends">"World Trends in Freedom of Expression and Media Development"</a>. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170826003315/http://www.unesco.org/new/en/world-media-trends">Archived</a> from the original on 26 August 2017. 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Retrieved 14 November 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IESALC&rft.atitle=Contact+Us&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iesalc.unesco.org.ve%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_content%26view%3Darticle%26id%3D2030%26Itemid%3D1411%26lang%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUNESCO" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180323092511/https://mgiep.unesco.org/">"Building Social and Emotional Learning for Education 2030"</a>. UNESCO MGIEP. UNESCO. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mgiep.unesco.org">the original</a> on 23 March 2018. Retrieved 3 February 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UNESCO+MGIEP&rft.atitle=Building+Social+and+Emotional+Learning+for+Education+2030&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmgiep.unesco.org&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUNESCO" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://unevoc.unesco.org/go.php?q=page_contact">"UNESCO-UNEVOC International Centre"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181114224349/https://unevoc.unesco.org/go.php?q=page_contact">Archived</a> from the original on 14 November 2018. Retrieved 14 November 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=UNESCO-UNEVOC+International+Centre&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Funevoc.unesco.org%2Fgo.php%3Fq%3Dpage_contact&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUNESCO" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.waterandchange.org/en">"The International Centre for Water Resources and Global Change (ICWRGC)"</a>. ICWRGC – International Centre for Water Resources and Global Change. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220120200655/https://www.waterandchange.org/en/">Archived</a> from the original on 20 January 2022. Retrieved 4 July 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ICWRGC+%E2%80%93+International+Centre+for+Water+Resources+and+Global+Change&rft.atitle=The+International+Centre+for+Water+Resources+and+Global+Change+%28ICWRGC%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.waterandchange.org%2Fen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUNESCO" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.un-ihe.org/">"Home"</a>. IHE Delft Institute for Water Education. UNESCO. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181024023035/http://www.un-ihe.org/">Archived</a> from the original on 24 October 2018. 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Retrieved 14 November 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UNESCO+Institute+for+Statistics&rft.atitle=Contact+Us&rft.date=2016-11-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fuis.unesco.org%2Fen%2Fcontact-us&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUNESCO" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a> UNESCO Executive Board Document <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0018/001892/189255e.pdf">185 EX/38</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110202095215/http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0018/001892/189255e.pdf">Archived</a> 2 February 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Paris, 10 September 2010 </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a> Peccia, Tiziano, Rasha Kelej, Ahmed Hamdy, and Ahmed Fahmi. 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Retrieved 12 July 2013. </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.un.org/en/observances/decade-people-african-descent/world-day">"World Day for African and Afrodescendant Culture"</a>. United Nations. 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Retrieved 19 December 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UNESCO&rft.atitle=International+Day+to+End+Impunity+for+Crimes+against+Journalists&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.unesco.org%2Fday%2Fendimpunity&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUNESCO" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unesco.org/en/days/biosphere-reserves?TSPD_101_R0=080713870fab2000da82692511cafaf52f6dc60629ec28f02c5d16a29ee92a049979ffb2615f863908148ab7051430007100a07811529af602e22ee9de55e3b31523e0322c4f6fece108d426e21efdeb40145b3201dea7291bb4b36bf1200928">"International Day for Biosphere Reserves"</a>. UNESCO. Retrieved 20 March 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UNESCO&rft.atitle=International+Day+for+Biosphere+Reserves&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unesco.org%2Fen%2Fdays%2Fbiosphere-reserves%3FTSPD_101_R0%3D080713870fab2000da82692511cafaf52f6dc60629ec28f02c5d16a29ee92a049979ffb2615f863908148ab7051430007100a07811529af602e22ee9de55e3b31523e0322c4f6fece108d426e21efdeb40145b3201dea7291bb4b36bf1200928&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUNESCO" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unesco.org/en/days/against-school-violence-and-bullying?TSPD_101_R0=080713870fab2000215100c9b55f50f01ef1e64051f85d005ed160afdcf1a51bcf3583574677710208e8af9298143000018e9fdf83784eb3679536c40b01a90b0f25955889d57dd8600be4d679c6274bfbe91309740e894263ea1c504e76b6e1">"International day against violence and bullying at school including cyberbullying"</a>. UNESCO. Retrieved 30 March 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UNESCO&rft.atitle=International+day+against+violence+and+bullying+at+school+including+cyberbullying&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unesco.org%2Fen%2Fdays%2Fagainst-school-violence-and-bullying%3FTSPD_101_R0%3D080713870fab2000215100c9b55f50f01ef1e64051f85d005ed160afdcf1a51bcf3583574677710208e8af9298143000018e9fdf83784eb3679536c40b01a90b0f25955889d57dd8600be4d679c6274bfbe91309740e894263ea1c504e76b6e1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUNESCO" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unesco.org/en/days/against-illicit-trafficking?TSPD_101_R0=080713870fab2000821549653dba7a376b0a5b441f23d8634a07fe1a0b8047f8ed7274eefcb8bf83086389fffe143000c64e4284c7d7279202386844466d3c243ced0a6346867120dacca3b36c89c6166e3a5033c235a8e5bac9a20c2a095b25">"International Day against Illicit Trafficking in Cultural Property"</a>. UNESCO. Retrieved 30 March 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UNESCO&rft.atitle=International+Day+against+Illicit+Trafficking+in+Cultural+Property&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unesco.org%2Fen%2Fdays%2Fagainst-illicit-trafficking%3FTSPD_101_R0%3D080713870fab2000821549653dba7a376b0a5b441f23d8634a07fe1a0b8047f8ed7274eefcb8bf83086389fffe143000c64e4284c7d7279202386844466d3c243ced0a6346867120dacca3b36c89c6166e3a5033c235a8e5bac9a20c2a095b25&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUNESCO" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unesco.org/en/international-day-islamic-art?TSPD_101_R0=080713870fab20007f0fb6123af772d877095c654e99dffd11b638c1dbcfcbe0ded4d7755fbb64e908fe0b245d143000d659354dbf4355519b3d6ff69fa0fe3d4dd01e13569dc94bfb468157404a5baea6571b52e128f194aedd3ef1a92e404c">"International Day of Islamic Art"</a>. UNESCO. Retrieved 30 March 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UNESCO&rft.atitle=International+Day+of+Islamic+Art&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unesco.org%2Fen%2Finternational-day-islamic-art%3FTSPD_101_R0%3D080713870fab20007f0fb6123af772d877095c654e99dffd11b638c1dbcfcbe0ded4d7755fbb64e908fe0b245d143000d659354dbf4355519b3d6ff69fa0fe3d4dd01e13569dc94bfb468157404a5baea6571b52e128f194aedd3ef1a92e404c&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUNESCO" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.internationaloliveoil.org/olive-world/world-day-of-the-olive-tree/">"World Day of the Olive Tree"</a>. International Olive Council. 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Retrieved 22 September 2023. <q>To bolster the idea of a Han-centric identity, the party seeks to dilute the contributions of minority groups in UNESCO claims. For example, documents filed with the organisation state that Tibet's Potala Palace, the winter home of Dalai Lamas from 1649 to 1959, exhibits the skills of many ethnic groups, not just Tibetans. The government uses "radical selectivity" in choosing which places, people and practices to emphasise, says Rachel Harris of the School of Oriental and African Studies, part of the University of London.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economist&rft.atitle=How+China+uses+UNESCO+to+rewrite+history&rft.date=2023-09-23&rft.issn=0013-0613&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Fchina%2F2023%2F09%2F21%2Fhow-china-uses-unesco-to-rewrite-history&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUNESCO" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-152"><a href="#cite_ref-152">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKashgarian2023" class="citation web cs1">Kashgarian, Asim (16 February 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.voanews.com/a/unesco-accused-of-complicity-in-china-s-treatment-of-uyghur-heritage-/6966959.html">"UNESCO Accused of Complicity in China's Treatment of Uyghur Heritage"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Voice_of_America" title="Voice of America">Voice of America</a>. Retrieved 22 September 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Voice+of+America&rft.atitle=UNESCO+Accused+of+Complicity+in+China%27s+Treatment+of+Uyghur+Heritage&rft.date=2023-02-16&rft.aulast=Kashgarian&rft.aufirst=Asim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.voanews.com%2Fa%2Funesco-accused-of-complicity-in-china-s-treatment-of-uyghur-heritage-%2F6966959.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUNESCO" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-153"><a href="#cite_ref-153">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKachmar2020" class="citation web cs1">Kachmar, Oleh (24 September 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://newlinesinstitute.org/rules-based-international-order/genocide/uyghur-heritage-and-the-charge-of-cultural-genocide-in-xinjiang/">"Uyghur Heritage and the Charge of Cultural Genocide in Xinjiang"</a>. 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Retrieved 1 November 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Hebron+clashes+over+Israel%27s+West+Bank+heritage+list&rft.date=2010-02-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2F8538948.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUNESCO" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-155"><a href="#cite_ref-155">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unesco.org/new/en/media-services/single-view/news/executive_board_adopts_five_decisions_concerning_unescos_work_in_the_occupied_palestinian_and_arab_territories/">"Executive Board adopts five decisions concerning UNESCO's work in the occupied Palestinian and Arab Territories"</a>. 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Arutz Sheva. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101104205832/http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/140377">Archived</a> from the original on 4 November 2010. Retrieved 3 November 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=UNESCO+Erases+Israeli+Protests+from+Rachel%27s+Tomb+Protocol&rft.pub=Arutz+Sheva&rft.date=2010-11-01&rft.au=Hillel+Fendel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.israelnationalnews.com%2FNews%2FNews.aspx%2F140377&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUNESCO" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-158"><a href="#cite_ref-158">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaayana_Miskin2010" class="citation web cs1">Maayana Miskin (29 October 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/news.aspx/140345">"UN Org.: Rachel's Tomb is a Mosque"</a>. Arutz Sheva. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101106041213/http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/140345">Archived</a> from the original on 6 November 2010. Retrieved 3 November 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=UN+Org.%3A+Rachel%27s+Tomb+is+a+Mosque&rft.pub=Arutz+Sheva&rft.date=2010-10-29&rft.au=Maayana+Miskin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.israelnationalnews.com%2FNews%2Fnews.aspx%2F140345&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUNESCO" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-159"><a href="#cite_ref-159">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jpost.com/Israel/Article.aspx?id=193893">"Ayalon: Israel will no longer cooperate with UNESCO"</a>. The Jerusalem Post. 3 November 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101103210507/http://www.jpost.com/Israel/Article.aspx?id=193893">Archived</a> from the original on 3 November 2010. Retrieved 3 November 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Jerusalem+Post&rft.atitle=Ayalon%3A+Israel+will+no+longer+cooperate+with+UNESCO&rft.date=2010-11-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpost.com%2FIsrael%2FArticle.aspx%3Fid%3D193893&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUNESCO" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-160"><a href="#cite_ref-160">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShalom2010" class="citation web cs1">Shalom, Rabbi (5 November 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jpost.com/Israel/Article.aspx?id=194090">"Cooperation with UNESCO only partially suspended"</a>. The Jerusalem Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120105083755/http://www.jpost.com/Israel/Article.aspx?id=194090">Archived</a> from the original on 5 January 2012. 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Ynetnews. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110807130812/http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4088221,00.html">Archived</a> from the original on 7 August 2011. Retrieved 8 August 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ynetnews&rft.atitle=UNESCO+censures+Israel+over+Mughrabi+Bridge+%E2%80%93+Israel+News%2C+Ynetnews&rft.date=1995-06-20&rft.aulast=Eichner&rft.aufirst=Itamar&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ynetnews.com%2Farticles%2F0%2C7340%2CL-4088221%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUNESCO" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-162"><a href="#cite_ref-162">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBerman2014" class="citation news cs1">Berman, Lazar (17 January 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timesofisrael.com/unesco-cancels-event-on-jewish-ties-to-land-of-israel/">"UNESCO cancels event on Jewish ties to Land of Israel"</a>. 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The Times of Israel.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+Israel&rft.atitle=69+years+after+joining%2C+Israel+formally+leaves+UNESCO%3B+so%2C+too%2C+does+the+US&rft.date=2019-01-01&rft.aulast=Ahren&rft.aufirst=Raphael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesofisrael.com%2F69-years-after-joining-israel-formally-leaves-un-cultural-body%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUNESCO" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-UNESCO_adopts_anti-165">^ <a href="#cite_ref-UNESCO_adopts_anti_165-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-UNESCO_adopts_anti_165-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2016/10/unesco-adopts-anti-israel-resolution-al-aqsa-mosque-161018120610946.html">"UNESCO adopts anti-Israel resolution on al-Aqsa Mosque"</a>. 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Retrieved 12 January 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Unesco+cuts+funding+for+Palestinian+youth+magazine+over+Hitler+praise&rft.date=2011-12-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworldnews%2Fmiddleeast%2Fpalestinianauthority%2F8975423%2FUnesco-cuts-funding-for-Palestinian-youth-magazine-over-Hitler-praise.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUNESCO" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-UNESCOIslamicUniversity-179"><a href="#cite_ref-UNESCOIslamicUniversity_179-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unesco.org/en/university-twinning-and-networking/access-by-region/arab-states/palestine/unesco-chair-in-astronomy-astrophysics-and-space-sciences-964/">"UNESCO Chair in Astronomy, Astrophysics and Space Sciences (964), established in 2012 at The Islamic University of Gaza (Palestine)"</a>. UNESCO. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121127035152/http://www.unesco.org/en/university-twinning-and-networking/access-by-region/arab-states/palestine/unesco-chair-in-astronomy-astrophysics-and-space-sciences-964/">Archived</a> from the original on 27 November 2012. Retrieved 15 July 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=UNESCO+Chair+in+Astronomy%2C+Astrophysics+and+Space+Sciences+%28964%29%2C+established+in+2012+at+The+Islamic+University+of+Gaza+%28Palestine%29.&rft.pub=UNESCO&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unesco.org%2Fen%2Funiversity-twinning-and-networking%2Faccess-by-region%2Farab-states%2Fpalestine%2Funesco-chair-in-astronomy-astrophysics-and-space-sciences-964%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUNESCO" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-180"><a href="#cite_ref-180">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OsM94e1GHxAC&dq=destruction+caused+at+the+Islamic+University&pg=PA211">The Goldstone Report: The Legacy of the Landmark Investigation of the Gaza Conflict</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171013070233/https://books.google.ca/books?id=OsM94e1GHxAC&pg=PA211&dq=destruction+caused+at+the+Islamic+University&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjX1IWTmuzWAhXn54MKHT7JAGQQ6AEIKDAA#v=onepage&q=destruction%20caused%20at%20the%20Islamic%20University&f=false">Archived</a> 13 October 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> By Adam Horowitz, Lizzy Ratner and Philip Weiss (2011). Google Books. </li> <li id="cite_note-MFAUNESCO-181"><a href="#cite_ref-MFAUNESCO_181-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/About+the+Ministry/MFA+Spokesman/2012/Israel_shocked_UNESCO_Chair_Gaza_Islamic_University_12-Jul-2012.htm">"Israel shocked by UNESCO Chair at Gaza Islamic University"</a> (Press release). Israel ministry of foreign affairs. 12 July 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120715005102/http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/About+the+Ministry/MFA+Spokesman/2012/Israel_shocked_UNESCO_Chair_Gaza_Islamic_University_12-Jul-2012.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 15 July 2012. Retrieved 15 July 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Israel+shocked+by+UNESCO+Chair+at+Gaza+Islamic+University&rft.pub=Israel+ministry+of+foreign+affairs&rft.date=2012-07-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mfa.gov.il%2FMFA%2FAbout%2Bthe%2BMinistry%2FMFA%2BSpokesman%2F2012%2FIsrael_shocked_UNESCO_Chair_Gaza_Islamic_University_12-Jul-2012.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUNESCO" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NationalPostUNESCO-182"><a href="#cite_ref-NationalPostUNESCO_182-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHiggins,_Michael2012" class="citation news cs1">Higgins, Michael (12 July 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.nationalpost.com/2012/07/12/unesco-accused-of-endorsing-hamas-terrorists-breeding-ground/">"UNESCO establishes chair at Gaza university accused of housing Hamas bomb labs"</a>. National Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130130030307/http://news.nationalpost.com/2012/07/12/unesco-accused-of-endorsing-hamas-terrorists-breeding-ground/">Archived</a> from the original on 30 January 2013. Retrieved 15 July 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Post&rft.atitle=UNESCO+establishes+chair+at+Gaza+university+accused+of+housing+Hamas+bomb+labs&rft.date=2012-07-12&rft.au=Higgins%2C+Michael&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.nationalpost.com%2F2012%2F07%2F12%2Funesco-accused-of-endorsing-hamas-terrorists-breeding-ground%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUNESCO" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ShalitGazaIslamicUniversity-183"><a href="#cite_ref-ShalitGazaIslamicUniversity_183-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShaked2007" class="citation news cs1">Shaked, Ronny (6 February 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3361595,00.html">"Fatah: Shalit was held at Gaza Islamic University"</a>. Ynetnews. Yedioth Ahronot. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121201090827/http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3361595,00.html">Archived</a> from the original on 1 December 2012. Retrieved 15 July 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ynetnews&rft.atitle=Fatah%3A+Shalit+was+held+at+Gaza+Islamic+University&rft.date=2007-02-06&rft.aulast=Shaked&rft.aufirst=Ronny&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ynetnews.com%2Farticles%2F0%2C7340%2CL-3361595%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUNESCO" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BostonIUGProfile-184"><a href="#cite_ref-BostonIUGProfile_184-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCambanis,_Thanassis2010" class="citation news cs1">Cambanis, Thanassis (28 February 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.boston.com/bostonglobe/ideas/articles/2010/02/28/hamas_u/">"Hamas University"</a>. The Boston Globe. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120226015007/http://www.boston.com/bostonglobe/ideas/articles/2010/02/28/hamas_u/">Archived</a> from the original on 26 February 2012. Retrieved 15 July 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Boston+Globe&rft.atitle=Hamas+University&rft.date=2010-02-28&rft.au=Cambanis%2C+Thanassis&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.boston.com%2Fbostonglobe%2Fideas%2Farticles%2F2010%2F02%2F28%2Fhamas_u%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUNESCO" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-HaaretzUNESCOGaza-185"><a href="#cite_ref-HaaretzUNESCOGaza_185-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRavid,_Barak2012" class="citation news cs1">Ravid, Barak (12 July 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haaretz.com/blogs/diplomania/israel-furious-at-unesco-decision-to-back-science-chair-at-islamic-university-of-gaza-1.450524">"Israel furious at UNESCO decision to back science chair at Islamic University of Gaza"</a>. Haaretz. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120715042511/http://www.haaretz.com/blogs/diplomania/israel-furious-at-unesco-decision-to-back-science-chair-at-islamic-university-of-gaza-1.450524">Archived</a> from the original on 15 July 2012. Retrieved 15 July 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=Israel+furious+at+UNESCO+decision+to+back+science+chair+at+Islamic+University+of+Gaza&rft.date=2012-07-12&rft.au=Ravid%2C+Barak&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fblogs%2Fdiplomania%2Fisrael-furious-at-unesco-decision-to-back-science-chair-at-islamic-university-of-gaza-1.450524&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUNESCO" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BnaiBrithUNESCO-186"><a href="#cite_ref-BnaiBrithUNESCO_186-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYaakov,_Yifa2012" class="citation news cs1">Yaakov, Yifa (14 July 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timesofisrael.com/bnai-brith-slams-unesco-affiliation-with-gaza-university/">"B'nai Brith slams UNESCO affiliation with Gaza University"</a>. The Times of Israel. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120717095157/http://www.timesofisrael.com/bnai-brith-slams-unesco-affiliation-with-gaza-university/">Archived</a> from the original on 17 July 2012. Retrieved 15 July 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+Israel&rft.atitle=B%27nai+Brith+slams+UNESCO+affiliation+with+Gaza+University&rft.date=2012-07-14&rft.au=Yaakov%2C+Yifa&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesofisrael.com%2Fbnai-brith-slams-unesco-affiliation-with-gaza-university%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUNESCO" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-187"><a href="#cite_ref-187">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF(www.dw.com)" class="citation web cs1">(www.dw.com), Deutsche Welle. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dw.com/en/japan-furious-at-unesco-listing-nanjing-massacre-documents/a-18790477">"Japan furious at UNESCO listing Nanjing Massacre documents – Asia – DW.COM – 19.10.2015"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Welle" title="Deutsche Welle">Deutsche Welle</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151222175825/http://www.dw.com/en/japan-furious-at-unesco-listing-nanjing-massacre-documents/a-18790477">Archived</a> from the original on 22 December 2015. Retrieved 29 December 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Deutsche+Welle&rft.atitle=Japan+furious+at+UNESCO+listing+Nanjing+Massacre+documents+%E2%80%93+Asia+%E2%80%93+DW.COM+%E2%80%93+19.10.2015&rft.aulast=%28www.dw.com%29&rft.aufirst=Deutsche+Welle&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw.com%2Fen%2Fjapan-furious-at-unesco-listing-nanjing-massacre-documents%2Fa-18790477&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUNESCO" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-188"><a href="#cite_ref-188">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/oct/14/japan-halts-unesco-funding-nanjing-massacre-row">"Japan halts Unesco funding following Nanjing massacre row"</a>. The Guardian. Agence France-Presse. 14 October 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161030144739/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/oct/14/japan-halts-unesco-funding-nanjing-massacre-row">Archived</a> from the original on 30 October 2016. Retrieved 30 October 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Japan+halts+Unesco+funding+following+Nanjing+massacre+row&rft.date=2016-10-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2016%2Foct%2F14%2Fjapan-halts-unesco-funding-nanjing-massacre-row&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUNESCO" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-withdrawal-189">^ <a href="#cite_ref-withdrawal_189-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-withdrawal_189-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.everycrsreport.com/reports/RL30985.html">"UNESCO Membership: Issues for Congress"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Congressional_Research_Service_reports" class="mw-redirect" title="Congressional Research Service reports">Congressional Research Service reports</a>. 20 November 2003. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190328082545/https://www.everycrsreport.com/reports/RL30985.html">Archived</a> from the original on 28 March 2019. Retrieved 28 March 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=UNESCO+Membership%3A+Issues+for+Congress&rft.pub=Congressional+Research+Service+reports&rft.date=2003-11-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.everycrsreport.com%2Freports%2FRL30985.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUNESCO" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-cspan-190">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cspan_190-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-cspan_190-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/video/?9189-1/united-states-unesco-part-1">"United States & UNESCO, Part 1"</a>. Starting from 05:08. <a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190328104007/https://www.c-span.org/video/?9189-1%2Funited-states-unesco-part-1">Archived</a> from the original on 28 March 2019. Retrieved 3 February 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Starting+from+05%3A08&rft.atitle=United+States+%26+UNESCO%2C+Part+1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.c-span.org%2Fvideo%2F%3F9189-1%2Funited-states-unesco-part-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUNESCO" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-191"><a href="#cite_ref-191">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/u-s-and-israel-officially-withdraw-from-unesco">"U.S. and Israel officially withdraw from UNESCO"</a>. <a href="/wiki/PBS" title="PBS">PBS</a>. 1 January 2019. 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Retrieved 28 March 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=U.S.+withdraws+from+UNESCO%2C+the+UN%27s+cultural+organization%2C+citing+anti-Israel+bias&rft.date=2017-10-12&rft.aulast=Rosenberg&rft.aufirst=Eli&rft.au=Morello%2C+Carol&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnews%2Fpost-nation%2Fwp%2F2017%2F10%2F12%2Fu-s-withdraws-from-unesco-the-u-n-s-cultural-organization-citing-anti-israel-bias%2F%3Fnoredirect%3Don&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUNESCO" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-bias-193"><a href="#cite_ref-bias_193-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIrish2017" class="citation news cs1">Irish, John (13 October 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-unesco-election-usa/u-s-israel-quit-u-n-heritage-agency-citing-bias-idUSKBN1CH1YO">"U.S., Israel quit UNESCO over alleged bias"</a>. Reuters. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190328082539/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-unesco-election-usa/u-s-israel-quit-u-n-heritage-agency-citing-bias-idUSKBN1CH1YO">Archived</a> from the original on 28 March 2019. Retrieved 28 March 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=U.S.%2C+Israel+quit+UNESCO+over+alleged+bias&rft.date=2017-10-13&rft.aulast=Irish&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-unesco-election-usa%2Fu-s-israel-quit-u-n-heritage-agency-citing-bias-idUSKBN1CH1YO&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUNESCO" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-194"><a href="#cite_ref-194">^</a> "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-turkey-rights-un/turkish-writer-quits-unesco-to-protest-damage-to-heritage-rights-abuse-idUSKCN0YH1KA">Turkish writer quits UNESCO to protest damage to heritage, rights abuse</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180509012658/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-turkey-rights-un/turkish-writer-quits-unesco-to-protest-damage-to-heritage-rights-abuse-idUSKCN0YH1KA">Archived</a> 9 May 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>". Reuters. 26 May 2016. </li> <li id="cite_note-195"><a href="#cite_ref-195">^</a> Vincent Noice, "Unesco, stop citing 'bogus' $10bn figure, art trade pleads", The Art Newspaper, 12 November 2020 <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.theartnewspaper.com/news/unesco-bogus-figure">[2]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201115080112/https://www.theartnewspaper.com/news/unesco-bogus-figure">Archived</a> 15 November 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-196"><a href="#cite_ref-196">^</a> Nancy Kenney, "Unesco under fire for using Met objects in anti-trafficking campaign", The Art Newspaper, 13 November 2020 <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.theartnewspaper.com/news/facing-complaint-unesco-pulls-misleading-images-from-advertisements-about-illicit-art-trafficking">[3]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201117145243/https://www.theartnewspaper.com/news/facing-complaint-unesco-pulls-misleading-images-from-advertisements-about-illicit-art-trafficking">Archived</a> 17 November 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-197"><a href="#cite_ref-197">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unesco.org/new/en/unesco/resources/publications/unesdoc-database/">"UNESDOC Database – United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization"</a>. unesco.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151214091237/http://www.unesco.org/new/en/unesco/resources/publications/unesdoc-database/">Archived</a> from the original on 14 December 2015. Retrieved 8 December 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=unesco.org&rft.atitle=UNESDOC+Database+%E2%80%93+United+Nations+Educational%2C+Scientific+and+Cultural+Organization&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unesco.org%2Fnew%2Fen%2Funesco%2Fresources%2Fpublications%2Funesdoc-database%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUNESCO" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-198"><a href="#cite_ref-198">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20150108023105/http://portal.unesco.org/ci/en/ev.php%2DURL_ID%3D1542%26URL_DO%3DDO_TOPIC%26URL_SECTION%3D201.html">"Information Processing Tools"</a>. Unesco. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://portal.unesco.org/ci/en/ev.php-URL_ID=1542&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html">the original</a> on 8 January 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Information+Processing+Tools&rft.pub=Unesco&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fportal.unesco.org%2Fci%2Fen%2Fev.php-URL_ID%3D1542%26URL_DO%3DDO_TOPIC%26URL_SECTION%3D201.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUNESCO" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-199"><a href="#cite_ref-199">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20150113175706/http://portal.unesco.org/ci/en/ev.php%2DURL_ID%3D15653%26URL_DO%3DDO_TOPIC%26URL_SECTION%3D201.html">"OpenIDAMS"</a>. Unesco. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://portal.unesco.org/ci/en/ev.php-URL_ID=15653&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html">the original</a> on 13 January 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=OpenIDAMS&rft.pub=Unesco&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fportal.unesco.org%2Fci%2Fen%2Fev.php-URL_ID%3D15653%26URL_DO%3DDO_TOPIC%26URL_SECTION%3D201.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUNESCO" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=UNESCO&action=edit&section=49" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Finnemore, Martha. 1993. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2706939?seq=1">International Organizations as Teachers of Norms: The United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cutural [sic] Organization and Science Policy.</a>" International Organization Vol. 47, No. 4 (Autumn, 1993), pp. 565–597</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=UNESCO&action=edit&section=50" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 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1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_System#Funds_and_programmes,_research_and_training_institutes,_and_other_bodies" title="United Nations System">Funds, programmes, and other bodies</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Peace" title="Culture of Peace">Culture of Peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Atomic_Energy_Agency" title="International Atomic Energy Agency">IAEA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intergovernmental_Panel_on_Climate_Change" title="Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change">IPCC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Trade_Centre" title="International Trade Centre">ITC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Mission_for_the_Referendum_in_Western_Sahara" title="United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara">MINURSO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Human_Rights" title="Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights">OHCHR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Court_for_Sierra_Leone" title="Special Court for Sierra Leone">SCSL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_United_Nations_Programme_on_HIV/AIDS" title="Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS">UNAIDS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Capital_Development_Fund" title="United Nations Capital Development Fund">UNCDF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Commission_on_International_Trade_Law" title="United Nations Commission on International Trade Law">UNCITRAL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UN_Trade_and_Development" title="UN Trade and Development">UNCTAD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Department_of_Global_Communications" title="United Nations Department of Global Communications">UNDGC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Development_Programme" title="United Nations Development Programme">UNDP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Department_of_Peace_Operations" title="United Nations Department of Peace Operations">UNDPO</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_peacekeeping" title="United Nations peacekeeping">peacekeeping</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Environment_Programme" title="United Nations Environment Programme">UNEP</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/UNEP_OzonAction" title="UNEP OzonAction">OzonAction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GRID-Arendal" title="GRID-Arendal">UNEP/GRID-Arendal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Conservation_Monitoring_Centre" title="World Conservation Monitoring Centre">UNEP-WCMC</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Population_Fund" title="United Nations Population Fund">UNFPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Human_Settlements_Programme" title="United Nations Human Settlements Programme">UN-HABITAT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Refugees" title="United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees">UNHCR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Human_Rights_Council" title="United Nations Human Rights Council">UNHRC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UNICEF" title="UNICEF">UNICEF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Interregional_Crime_and_Justice_Research_Institute" title="United Nations Interregional Crime and Justice Research Institute">UNICRI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Institute_for_Disarmament_Research" title="United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research">UNIDIR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Institute_for_Training_and_Research" title="United Nations Institute for Training and Research">UNITAR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations-Oceans" title="United Nations-Oceans">UN-Oceans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_on_Drugs_and_Crime" title="United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime">UNODC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_for_Project_Services" title="United Nations Office for Project Services">UNOPS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UNOSAT" title="UNOSAT">UNOSAT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Research_Institute_for_Social_Development" title="United Nations Research Institute for Social Development">UNRISD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UNRWA" title="UNRWA">UNRWA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Sustainable_Development_Group" title="United Nations Sustainable Development Group">UNSDG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_System_Staff_College" title="United Nations System Staff College">UNSSC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_University" title="United Nations University">UNU</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/UNU-CRIS" title="UNU-CRIS">UNU-CRIS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UNU-OP" title="UNU-OP">UNU-OP</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Volunteers" title="United Nations Volunteers">UNV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UN_Women" title="UN Women">UN Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Food_Programme" title="World Food Programme">WFP</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_specialized_agencies_of_the_United_Nations" title="List of specialized agencies of the United Nations">Specialized agencies</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Food_and_Agriculture_Organization" title="Food and Agriculture Organization">FAO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Civil_Aviation_Organization" title="International Civil Aviation Organization">ICAO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Fund_for_Agricultural_Development" title="International Fund for Agricultural Development">IFAD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Labour_Organization" title="International Labour Organization">ILO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund" title="International Monetary Fund">IMF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Maritime_Organization" title="International Maritime Organization">IMO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Organization_for_Migration" title="International Organization for Migration">IOM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Telecommunication_Union" title="International Telecommunication Union">ITU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UN_Tourism" title="UN Tourism">UN Tourism</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">UNESCO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Industrial_Development_Organization" title="United Nations Industrial Development Organization">UNIDO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Postal_Union" title="Universal Postal Union">UPU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Federation_of_Engineering_Organizations" title="World Federation of Engineering Organizations">WFEO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">WHO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Intellectual_Property_Organization" title="World Intellectual Property Organization">WIPO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Meteorological_Organization" title="World Meteorological Organization">WMO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Bank_Group" title="World Bank Group">World Bank Group</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Bank_for_Reconstruction_and_Development" title="International Bank for Reconstruction and Development">IBRD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Development_Association" title="International Development Association">IDA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Finance_Corporation" title="International Finance Corporation">IFC</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Secretariat" title="United Nations Secretariat">Secretariat offices and departments</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Headquarters_of_the_United_Nations" title="Headquarters of the United Nations">Headquarters</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Conference_Building" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Conference Building">Conference Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Building" title="United Nations General Assembly Building">General Assembly Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Secretariat_Building" title="United Nations Secretariat Building">Secretariat Building</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Department_of_Economic_and_Social_Affairs" title="United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs">Department of Economic and Social Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Department_of_Peace_Operations" title="United Nations Department of Peace Operations">Department of Peace Operations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Department_of_Political_and_Peacebuilding_Affairs" title="United Nations Department of Political and Peacebuilding Affairs">Department of Political and Peacebuilding Affairs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dag_Hammarskj%C3%B6ld_Library" title="Dag Hammarskjöld Library">Dag Hammarskjöld Library</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Department_for_Safety_and_Security" title="United Nations Department for Safety and Security">Department for Safety and Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Division_for_Palestinian_Rights" title="United Nations Division for Palestinian Rights">Division for Palestinian Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_at_Geneva" title="United Nations Office at Geneva">Office at Geneva</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Nations" title="Palace of Nations">Palace of Nations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_at_Nairobi" title="United Nations Office at Nairobi">Office at Nairobi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_at_Vienna" title="United Nations Office at Vienna">Office at Vienna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_for_Disarmament_Affairs" title="United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs">Office for Disarmament Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_for_Outer_Space_Affairs" title="United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs">Office for Outer Space Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_for_Partnerships" title="United Nations Office for Partnerships">Office for Partnerships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_for_the_Coordination_of_Humanitarian_Affairs" title="United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs">Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_of_Internal_Oversight_Services" title="United Nations Office of Internal Oversight Services">Office of Internal Oversight Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_of_Legal_Affairs" title="United Nations Office of Legal Affairs">Office of Legal Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_of_the_High_Representative_for_the_Least_Developed_Countries,_Landlocked_Developing_Countries_and_Small_Island_Developing_States" title="United Nations Office of the High Representative for the Least Developed Countries, Landlocked Developing Countries and Small Island Developing States">Office of the High Representative for the Least Developed Countries, Landlocked Developing Countries and Small Island Developing States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_Secretary-General%27s_Envoy_on_Youth" title="Office of the Secretary-General's Envoy on Youth">Office of the Secretary-General's Envoy on Youth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_Special_Representative_of_the_Secretary-General_on_Sexual_Violence_in_Conflict" title="Office of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General on Sexual Violence in Conflict">Office of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General on Sexual Violence in Conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_Spokesperson_for_the_Secretary-General" title="Office of the Spokesperson for the Secretary-General">Office of the Spokesperson for the Secretary-General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_on_Sport_for_Development_and_Peace" title="United Nations Office on Sport for Development and Peace">Office on Sport for Development and Peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Nations_organizations_by_location" title="List of United Nations organizations by location">UN organizations by location</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Member_states_of_the_United_Nations" title="Member states of the United Nations">Members and observers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enlargement_of_the_United_Nations#1940s" title="Enlargement of the United Nations">Founding members</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Member_states_of_the_United_Nations#Current_members" title="Member states of the United Nations">Full members</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permanent_members_of_the_United_Nations_Security_Council" title="Permanent members of the United Nations Security Council">Security Council Permanent members</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permanent_representative_to_the_United_Nations" title="Permanent representative to the United Nations">Permanent representatives to the UN</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_permanent_representatives_to_the_United_Nations" title="List of current permanent representatives to the United Nations">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_observers" title="United Nations General Assembly observers">General Assembly Observers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_and_the_United_Nations" title="European Union and the United Nations">European Union</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_Nations" title="History of the United Nations">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Preceding years</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Telecommunication_Union" title="International Telecommunication Union">International Telegraph Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Postal_Union" title="Universal Postal Union">Universal Postal Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hague_Conventions_of_1899_and_1907" title="Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907">Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permanent_Court_of_Arbitration" title="Permanent Court of Arbitration">Permanent Court of Arbitration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Office_of_Public_Hygiene" title="International Office of Public Hygiene">International Office of Public Hygiene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_of_Nations" title="League of Nations">League of Nations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/League_of_Nations_archives" title="League of Nations archives">archives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Covenant_of_the_League_of_Nations" title="Covenant of the League of Nations">covenant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organisation_of_the_League_of_Nations" title="Organisation of the League of Nations">organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Member_states_of_the_League_of_Nations" title="Member states of the League of Nations">member states</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Preparatory years</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_St_James%27s_Palace" title="Declaration of St James's Palace">Declaration of St James's Palace</a> (1941)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Charter" title="Atlantic Charter">Atlantic Charter</a> (1941)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Declaration_by_United_Nations" title="Declaration by United Nations">Declaration by United Nations</a> (1942)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moscow_Conference_(1943)" title="Moscow Conference (1943)">Moscow Conference</a> (1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tehran_Conference" title="Tehran Conference">Tehran Conference</a> (1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bretton_Woods_Conference" title="Bretton Woods Conference">Bretton Woods Conference</a> (1944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dumbarton_Oaks_Conference" title="Dumbarton Oaks Conference">Dumbarton Oaks Conference</a> (1944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yalta_Conference" title="Yalta Conference">Yalta Conference</a> (1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Conference_on_International_Organization" title="United Nations Conference on International Organization">Conference on International Organization</a> (1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genocide_Convention" title="Genocide Convention">Genocide Convention</a> (1948)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Activities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enlargement_of_the_United_Nations" title="Enlargement of the United Nations">Enlargement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_United_Nations_peacekeeping" title="History of United Nations peacekeeping">Peacekeeping</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Nations_peacekeeping_missions" title="List of United Nations peacekeeping missions">missions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_United_Nations_peacekeeping_missions" title="Timeline of United Nations peacekeeping missions">timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_territories_governed_by_the_United_Nations" title="List of territories governed by the United Nations">governed territories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Police" title="United Nations Police">UNPOL</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Declaration_of_Human_Rights" title="Universal Declaration of Human Rights">Universal Declaration of Human Rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Drafting_of_the_Universal_Declaration_of_Human_Rights" title="Drafting of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights">drafting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Day" title="Human Rights Day">Human Rights Day</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Convention" title="World Heritage Convention">World Heritage Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convention_on_the_Rights_of_the_Child" title="Convention on the Rights of the Child">Convention on the Rights of the Child</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Committee_on_the_Rights_of_the_Child" title="Committee on the Rights of the Child">committee</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Declaration_on_the_Rights_of_Indigenous_Peoples" title="Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples">Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Permanent_Forum_on_Indigenous_Issues" title="United Nations Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues">Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_Caucus" title="Indigenous Caucus">Indigenous Caucus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_Development_Goals" title="Sustainable Development Goals">Sustainable Development Goals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Declaration_on_the_Rights_of_Peasants" title="United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Peasants">Declaration on the Rights of Peasants</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_resolution" title="United Nations resolution">Resolutions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_vetoed_United_Nations_Security_Council_resolutions" title="List of vetoed United Nations Security Council resolutions">Security Council vetoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_resolution" title="United Nations General Assembly resolution">General Assembly</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_resolutions_at_the_sixty-sixth_session_of_the_United_Nations_General_Assembly" title="List of resolutions at the sixty-sixth session of the United Nations General Assembly">66th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_resolutions_at_the_sixty-seventh_session_of_the_United_Nations_General_Assembly" title="List of resolutions at the sixty-seventh session of the United Nations General Assembly">67th</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_resolution" title="United Nations Security Council resolution">Security Council</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Nations_Security_Council_resolutions_concerning_Cyprus" title="List of United Nations Security Council resolutions concerning Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Nations_Security_Council_resolutions_concerning_Iran" title="List of United Nations Security Council resolutions concerning Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Nations_Security_Council_resolutions_concerning_Iraq" title="List of United Nations Security Council resolutions concerning Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Nations_resolutions_concerning_Israel" title="List of United Nations resolutions concerning Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Nations_resolutions_relating_to_Lebanon" title="List of United Nations resolutions relating to Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Nations_Security_Council_resolutions_on_the_Nagorno-Karabakh_conflict" title="List of United Nations Security Council resolutions on the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict">Nagorno-Karabakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Nations_Security_Council_resolutions_concerning_North_Korea" title="List of United Nations Security Council resolutions concerning North Korea">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Nations_resolutions_concerning_Palestine" title="List of United Nations resolutions concerning Palestine">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Nations_resolutions_concerning_Syria" title="List of United Nations resolutions concerning Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Nations_resolutions_concerning_Western_Sahara" title="List of United Nations resolutions concerning Western Sahara">Western Sahara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Nations_Security_Council_resolutions_concerning_Yemen" title="List of United Nations Security Council resolutions concerning Yemen">Yemen</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Elections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_secretary-general_selection" title="United Nations secretary-general selection">Secretary-General</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2021_United_Nations_Secretary-General_selection" title="2021 United Nations Secretary-General selection">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_United_Nations_Secretary-General_selection" title="2016 United Nations Secretary-General selection">2016</a></li></ul></li> <li>International Court of Justice <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2023_International_Court_of_Justice_judges_election" title="2023 International Court of Justice judges election">2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_International_Court_of_Justice_judges_election" title="2022 International Court of Justice judges election">2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_International_Court_of_Justice_judges_election" title="2021 International Court of Justice judges election">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_International_Court_of_Justice_judges_election" title="2020 International Court of Justice judges election">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_International_Court_of_Justice_judges_election" title="2017 International Court of Justice judges election">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_International_Court_of_Justice_judges_election" title="2014 International Court of Justice judges election">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_International_Court_of_Justice_judges_election" title="2011 International Court of Justice judges election">2011</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_United_Nations_General_Assembly_presidential_election" title="2016 United Nations General Assembly presidential election">General Assembly President (2016)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_United_Nations_Security_Council_election" title="2016 United Nations Security Council election">Security Council (2016)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_United_Nations" title="Outline of the United Nations">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Advisory_Committee_of_Local_Authorities" title="United Nations Advisory Committee of Local Authorities">Advisory Committee of Local Authorities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Art_Collection" title="United Nations Art Collection">Art Collection</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_mural" title="United Nations Security Council mural">Security Council mural</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Block_by_Block_(program)" title="Block by Block (program)">Block By Block</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bretton_Woods_system" title="Bretton Woods system">Bretton Woods system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celestial_Sphere_Woodrow_Wilson_Memorial" title="Celestial Sphere Woodrow Wilson Memorial">Celestial Sphere Woodrow Wilson Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coordinating_Committee_of_International_Staff_Unions_and_Associations_of_the_United_Nations_System" title="Coordinating Committee of International Staff Unions and Associations of the United Nations System">CCISUA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comprehensive_Nuclear-Test-Ban_Treaty" title="Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty">Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_the_United_Nations" title="Criticism of the United Nations">Criticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delivering_as_One" title="Delivering as One">Delivering as One</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drug_control_treaties" class="mw-redirect" title="Drug control treaties">Drug control treaties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expulsion_from_the_United_Nations" title="Expulsion from the United Nations">Expulsion from the United Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ex_Tempore_(magazine)" title="Ex Tempore (magazine)">Ex Tempore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Federal_Credit_Union" title="United Nations Federal Credit Union">Federal Credit Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federation_of_International_Civil_Servants%27_Associations" title="Federation of International Civil Servants' Associations">FICSA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_United_Nations" title="Flag of the United Nations">Flag</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Honour_Flag" title="United Nations Honour Flag">Honour Flag</a></li></ul></li> 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series">United Nations television film series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_for_Peace" title="University for Peace">University for Peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vienna_Declaration_and_Programme_of_Action" title="Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action">Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WIPO_Treaty_on_Intellectual_Property,_Genetic_Resources_and_Associated_Traditional_Knowledge" title="WIPO Treaty on Intellectual Property, Genetic Resources and Associated Traditional Knowledge">WIPO Treaty on Intellectual Property, Genetic Resources and Associated Traditional Knowledge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Withdrawal_from_the_United_Nations" title="Withdrawal from the United Nations">Withdrawal from the United Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_peacekeeping" title="Women in peacekeeping">Women in peacekeeping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Federation_of_United_Nations_Associations" title="World Federation of United Nations Associations">World Federation of United Nations Associations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/File:The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg/16px-The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg/24px-The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg/32px-The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="3002" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:World" title="Portal:World">World portal</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="United_Nations_Economic_and_Social_Council" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:ECOSOC" title="Template:ECOSOC"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:ECOSOC" title="Template talk:ECOSOC"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:ECOSOC" title="Special:EditPage/Template:ECOSOC"><abbr 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href="/wiki/United_Nations_Commission_on_Crime_Prevention_and_Criminal_Justice" title="United Nations Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice">United Nations Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice</a> (CCPCJ)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Commission_on_Narcotic_Drugs" title="United Nations Commission on Narcotic Drugs">United Nations Commission on Narcotic Drugs</a> (CND)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Commission_on_Population_and_Development" title="United Nations Commission on Population and Development"> United Nations Commission on Population and Development</a> (CPD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Commission_on_Science_and_Technology_for_Development" title="United Nations Commission on Science and Technology for Development">United Nations Commission on Science and Technology for Development</a> (CSTD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Commission_for_Social_Development" title="United Nations Commission for Social Development">United Nations Commission for Social Development</a> (CSocD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Statistical_Commission" title="United Nations Statistical Commission">United Nations Statistical Commission</a> (StatCom)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Commission_on_the_Status_of_Women" title="United Nations Commission on the Status of Women">United Nations Commission on the Status of Women</a> (CSW)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Forum_on_Forests" title="United Nations Forum on Forests">United Nations Forum on Forests</a> (UNFF)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.2em;">Regional commissions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Economic_Commission_for_Europe" title="United Nations Economic Commission for Europe">Europe</a> (ECE)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Economic_Commission_for_Africa" title="United Nations Economic Commission for Africa">Africa</a> (ECA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Economic_Commission_for_Latin_America_and_the_Caribbean" title="United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean">Latin America and the Caribbean</a> (ECLAC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Economic_and_Social_Commission_for_Asia_and_the_Pacific" title="United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific">Asia and the Pacific</a> (ESCAP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Economic_and_Social_Commission_for_Western_Asia" title="United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia">Western Asia</a> (ESCWA)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_specialized_agencies_of_the_United_Nations" title="List of specialized agencies of the United Nations">Specialised agencies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Food_and_Agriculture_Organization" title="Food and Agriculture Organization">Food and Agriculture Organization</a> (FAO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Civil_Aviation_Organization" title="International Civil Aviation Organization">International Civil Aviation Organization</a> (ICAO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Fund_for_Agricultural_Development" title="International Fund for Agricultural Development">International Fund for Agricultural Development</a> (IFAD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Labour_Organization" title="International Labour Organization">International Labour Organization</a> (ILO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund" title="International Monetary Fund">International Monetary Fund</a> (IMF)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Maritime_Organization" title="International Maritime Organization">International Maritime Organization</a> (IMO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Telecommunication_Union" title="International Telecommunication Union">International Telecommunication Union</a> (ITU)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization</a> (UNESCO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Industrial_Development_Organization" title="United Nations Industrial Development Organization">United Nations Industrial Development Organization</a> (UNIDO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/UN_Tourism" title="UN Tourism">UN Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Postal_Union" title="Universal Postal Union">Universal Postal Union</a> (UPU)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a> (WHO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Intellectual_Property_Organization" title="World Intellectual Property Organization">World Intellectual Property Organization</a> (WIPO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Meteorological_Organization" title="World Meteorological Organization">World Meteorological Organization</a> (WMO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Bank_Group" title="World Bank Group">World Bank Group</a> (WBG)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Funds and Programmes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Development_Programme" title="United Nations Development Programme">United Nations Development Programme</a> (UNDP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Environment_Programme" title="United Nations Environment Programme">United Nations Environment Programme</a> (UNEP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Population_Fund" title="United Nations Population Fund">United Nations Population Fund</a> (UNFPA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Human_Settlements_Programme" title="United Nations Human Settlements Programme">United Nations Human Settlements Programme</a> (UN-Habitat)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/UNICEF" title="UNICEF">United Nations Children's Fund</a> (UNICEF)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Food_Programme" title="World Food Programme">World Food Programme</a> (WFP)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/World_Bank_Group" title="World Bank Group">World Bank Group</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Bank_for_Reconstruction_and_Development" title="International Bank for Reconstruction and Development">International Bank for Reconstruction and Development</a> (IBRD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Centre_for_Settlement_of_Investment_Disputes" title="International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes">International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes</a> (ICSID)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Development_Association" title="International Development Association">International Development Association</a> (IDA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Finance_Corporation" title="International Finance Corporation">International Finance Corporation</a> (IFC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multilateral_Investment_Guarantee_Agency" title="Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency">Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency</a> (MIGA)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Expert bodies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Committee_for_Development_Policy" title="Committee for Development Policy">Committee for Development Policy</a> (CDP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Committee_of_Experts_on_Public_Administration" title="United Nations Committee of Experts on Public Administration">Committee of Experts on Public Administration</a> (CEPA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee_on_Economic,_Social_and_Cultural_Rights" title="Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights">Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights</a> (CESCR)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Committee_of_Experts_on_Global_Geospatial_Information_Management" title="United Nations Committee of Experts on Global Geospatial Information Management">Committee of Experts on Global Geospatial Information Management</a> (GGIM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intergovernmental_Working_Group_of_Experts_on_International_Standards_of_Accounting_and_Reporting" title="Intergovernmental Working Group of Experts on International Standards of Accounting and Reporting">Intergovernmental Working Group of Experts on International Standards of Accounting and Reporting</a> (ISAR)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Group_of_Experts_on_Geographical_Names" title="United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names">Group of Experts on Geographical Names</a> (UNGEGN)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Permanent_Forum_on_Indigenous_Issues" title="United Nations Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues">United Nations Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues</a> (UNPFII)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_Nations_Committee_of_Experts_on_International_Cooperation_in_Tax_Matters&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="United Nations Committee of Experts on International Cooperation in Tax Matters (page does not exist)">Committee of Experts on International Cooperation in Tax Matters</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_Nations_Committee_of_Experts_on_the_Transport_of_Dangerous_Goods_and_on_the_Globally_Harmonized_System_of_Classification_and_Labelling_of_Chemicals&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="United Nations Committee of Experts on the Transport of Dangerous Goods and on the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (page does not exist)">Committee of Experts on the Transport of Dangerous Goods and on the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Committee_on_Non-Governmental_Organizations" title="United Nations Committee on Non-Governmental Organizations">Committee on Non-Governmental Organizations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Research and training</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Interregional_Crime_and_Justice_Research_Institute" title="United Nations Interregional Crime and Justice Research Institute">United Nations Interregional Crime and Justice Research Institute</a> (UNICRI)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Institute_for_Disarmament_Research" title="United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research">United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research</a> (UNIDIR)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Institute_for_Training_and_Research" title="United Nations Institute for Training and Research">United Nations Institute for Training and Research</a> (UNITAR)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Research_Institute_for_Social_Development" title="United Nations Research Institute for Social Development">United Nations Research Institute for Social Development</a> (UNRISD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_System_Staff_College" title="United Nations System Staff College">United Nations System Staff College</a> (UNSSC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_University" title="United Nations University">United Nations University</a> (UNU)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/High-level_Political_Forum_on_Sustainable_Development" title="High-level Political Forum on Sustainable Development">High-level Political Forum on Sustainable Development</a> (HLPF)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Trade_Centre" title="International Trade Centre">International Trade Centre</a> (ITC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_United_Nations_Programme_on_HIV/AIDS" title="Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS">Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS</a> (UNAIDS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Conference_on_Trade_and_Development" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Conference on Trade and Development">United Nations Conference on Trade and Development</a> (UNCTAD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Sustainable_Development_Group" title="United Nations Sustainable Development Group">United Nations Sustainable Development Group</a> (UNSDG)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Refugees" title="United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees">United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees</a> (UNHCR)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/UNICEF" title="UNICEF">United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund</a> (UNICEF)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_for_Project_Services" title="United Nations Office for Project Services">United Nations Office for Project Services</a> (UNOPS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/UNRWA" title="UNRWA">United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East</a> (UNRWA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/UN_Women" title="UN Women">United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women</a> (UN-Women)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Disbanded entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commission_on_Sustainable_Development" title="Commission on Sustainable Development">Functional Commission on Sustainable Development </a> (CSD - Replaced in 2013 by <a href="/wiki/High-level_Political_Forum_on_Sustainable_Development" title="High-level Political Forum on Sustainable Development">UNHLPF</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Commission_on_Human_Rights" title="United Nations Commission on Human Rights"> Functional Commission on Human Rights</a> (UNCHR - Replaced in 2006 by <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Human_Rights_Council" title="United Nations Human Rights Council">UNHRC</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Refugee_Organization" title="International Refugee Organization">International Refugee Organization</a> (IRO - Replaced in 1952 by <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Refugees" title="United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees">UNHCR</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:United_Nations_Economic_and_Social_Council" title="Category:United Nations Economic and Social Council">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/28px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/42px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/56px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="United_Nations_Charter" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:UN_Charter" title="Template:UN Charter"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:UN_Charter" title="Template talk:UN Charter"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:UN_Charter" title="Special:EditPage/Template:UN Charter"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="United_Nations_Charter" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Charter_of_the_United_Nations" title="Charter of the United Nations">United Nations Charter</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Text</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Preamble_to_the_United_Nations_Charter" title="Preamble to the United Nations Charter">Preamble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chapter_I_of_the_United_Nations_Charter" title="Chapter I of the United Nations Charter">Chapter I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chapter_II_of_the_United_Nations_Charter" title="Chapter II of the United Nations Charter">II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chapter_III_of_the_United_Nations_Charter" title="Chapter III of the United Nations Charter">III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chapter_IV_of_the_United_Nations_Charter" title="Chapter IV of the United Nations Charter">IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chapter_V_of_the_United_Nations_Charter" title="Chapter V of the United Nations Charter">V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chapter_VI_of_the_United_Nations_Charter" title="Chapter VI of the United Nations Charter">VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chapter_VII_of_the_United_Nations_Charter" title="Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter">VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chapter_VIII_of_the_United_Nations_Charter" title="Chapter VIII of the United Nations Charter">VIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chapter_IX_of_the_United_Nations_Charter" title="Chapter IX of the United Nations Charter">IX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chapter_X_of_the_United_Nations_Charter" title="Chapter X of the United Nations Charter">X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chapter_XI_of_the_United_Nations_Charter" title="Chapter XI of the United Nations Charter">XI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chapter_XII_of_the_United_Nations_Charter" title="Chapter XII of the United Nations Charter">XII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chapter_XIII_of_the_United_Nations_Charter" title="Chapter XIII of the United Nations Charter">XIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chapter_XIV_of_the_United_Nations_Charter" title="Chapter XIV of the United Nations Charter">XIV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chapter_XV_of_the_United_Nations_Charter" title="Chapter XV of the United Nations Charter">XV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chapter_XVI_of_the_United_Nations_Charter" title="Chapter XVI of the United Nations Charter">XVI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chapter_XVII_of_the_United_Nations_Charter" title="Chapter XVII of the United Nations Charter">XVII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chapter_XVIII_of_the_United_Nations_Charter" title="Chapter XVIII of the United Nations Charter">XVIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chapter_XIX_of_the_United_Nations_Charter" class="mw-redirect" title="Chapter XIX of the United Nations Charter">XIX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amendments_to_the_United_Nations_Charter" title="Amendments to the United Nations Charter">Amendments</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_System" title="United Nations System">Organs created</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council" title="United Nations Security Council">Security Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly" title="United Nations General Assembly">General Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Economic_and_Social_Council" title="United Nations Economic and Social Council">Economic and Social Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Trusteeship_Council" title="United Nations Trusteeship Council">Trusteeship Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Court_of_Justice" title="International Court of Justice">International Court of Justice</a> (<a href="/wiki/Statute_of_the_International_Court_of_Justice" title="Statute of the International Court of Justice">statute</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Secretariat" title="United Nations Secretariat">Secretariat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Staff_Committee" title="Military Staff Committee">Military Staff Committee</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_Nations" title="History of the United Nations">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Background</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paris_Peace_Conference_(1919%E2%80%931920)" title="Paris Peace Conference (1919–1920)">Paris Peace Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Versailles" title="Treaty of Versailles">Treaty of Versailles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Covenant_of_the_League_of_Nations" title="Covenant of the League of Nations">Covenant of the League of Nations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Preparation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_St_James%27s_Palace" title="Declaration of St James's Palace">London Declaration</a> (1941)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Charter" title="Atlantic Charter">Atlantic Charter</a> (1941)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Declaration_by_United_Nations" title="Declaration by United Nations">Declaration by United Nations</a> (1942)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moscow_Conference_(1943)" title="Moscow Conference (1943)">Moscow Conference</a> (1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tehran_Conference" title="Tehran Conference">Tehran Conference</a> (1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dumbarton_Oaks_Conference" title="Dumbarton Oaks Conference">Dumbarton Oaks Conference</a> (1944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yalta_Conference" title="Yalta Conference">Yalta Conference</a> (1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Conference_on_International_Organization" title="United Nations Conference on International Organization">Conference on International Organization</a> (1945)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Signatories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Member_states_of_the_United_Nations#Original_members" title="Member states of the United Nations">Original members</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/United_Nations_Charter" class="extiw" title="s:United Nations Charter">Complete text</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/28px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" 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</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Global_governance_and_identity" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:World_government" title="Template:World government"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:World_government" title="Template talk:World 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href="/wiki/World_Service_Authority" title="World Service Authority">World Service Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campaign_for_World_Government" title="Campaign for World Government">Campaign for World Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Constitution_and_Parliament_Association" title="World Constitution and Parliament Association">World Constitution and Parliament Association</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Provisional government</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Provisional_World_Parliament" title="Provisional World Parliament">Provisional Earth Federation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/File:The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg/16px-The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg/24px-The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg/32px-The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="3002" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:World" title="Portal:World">World portal</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Humanitarian_partners_of_the_European_Commission" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Humanitarian_partners_of_the_European_Commission" title="Template:Humanitarian partners of the European Commission"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Humanitarian_partners_of_the_European_Commission" title="Template talk:Humanitarian partners of the European Commission"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Humanitarian_partners_of_the_European_Commission" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Humanitarian partners of the European Commission"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Humanitarian_partners_of_the_European_Commission" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Humanitarian_aid" title="Humanitarian aid">Humanitarian</a> partners of the <a href="/wiki/European_Commission" title="European Commission">European Commission</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow plainlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ec.europa.eu/echo/partnerships/humanitarian-partners_en">Humanitarian partners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Directorate-General_for_European_Civil_Protection_and_Humanitarian_Aid_Operations" title="Directorate-General for European Civil Protection and Humanitarian Aid Operations">DG ECHO</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">NGOs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Action_Against_Hunger" title="Action Against Hunger">Action Against Hunger</a> (France, Spain)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adventist_Development_and_Relief_Agency" title="Adventist Development and Relief Agency">ADRA</a> (Czech Republic, Denmark, Germany)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CARE_International" title="CARE International">CARE International</a> (Austria, Denmark, France, Germany, Netherlands, Norway)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caritas_Europa" title="Caritas Europa">Caritas Europa</a> (<a href="/wiki/Caritas_Austria" title="Caritas Austria">Austria</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Caritas_Belgium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Caritas Belgium (page does not exist)">Belgium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Caritas_Czech_Republic" title="Caritas Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Caritas_Denmark" title="Caritas Denmark">Denmark</a>, <a href="/wiki/Secours_catholique" title="Secours catholique">France</a>, <a href="/wiki/Caritas_Germany" title="Caritas Germany">Germany</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tr%C3%B3caire" title="Trócaire">Ireland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Caritas_Luxembourg" title="Caritas Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cordaid" title="Cordaid">Netherlands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Caritas_Spain" title="Caritas Spain">Spain</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Red_Cross_and_Red_Crescent_Movement" title="International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement">ICRC</a> (<a href="/wiki/Austrian_Red_Cross" title="Austrian Red Cross">Austria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belgian_Red_Cross" title="Belgian Red Cross">Belgium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Danish_Red_Cross" title="Danish Red Cross">Denmark</a>, <a href="/wiki/Finnish_Red_Cross" title="Finnish Red Cross">Finland</a>, <a href="/wiki/French_Red_Cross" title="French Red Cross">France</a>, <a href="/wiki/German_Red_Cross" title="German Red Cross">Germany</a>, <a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_Red_Cross" title="Luxembourg Red Cross">Luxembourg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italian_Red_Cross" title="Italian Red Cross">Italy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Netherlands_Red_Cross" title="Netherlands Red Cross">Netherlands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Red_Cross" title="Norwegian Red Cross">Norway</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Red_Cross" title="Spanish Red Cross">Spain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Swedish_Red_Cross" title="Swedish Red Cross">Sweden</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Relief" title="Islamic Relief">Islamic Relief</a> (Germany, Sweden)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxfam" title="Oxfam">Oxfam</a> (Belgium, Italy, Netherlands, Spain)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plan_International" title="Plan International">Plan International</a> (Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Netherlands, Spain, Sweden)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Save_the_Children" title="Save the Children">Save the Children</a> (Denmark, Finland, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Sweden)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solidarit%C3%A9s_international" title="Solidarités international">Solidarités international</a> (France, Spain)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SOS_Children%27s_Villages" title="SOS Children's Villages">SOS Children's Villages</a> (Austria, Netherlands)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terre_des_hommes" title="Terre des hommes">Terre des hommes</a> (Italy, Netherlands)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Vision" class="mw-redirect" title="World Vision">World Vision</a> (Austria, Finland, Netherlands)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9decins_du_Monde" title="Médecins du Monde">MDM</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Veterinarians_Without_Borders&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Veterinarians Without Borders (page does not exist)">VSF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People_in_Need" title="People in Need">PIN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_Committee_for_Aid_to_Afghan_Refugees" title="Danish Committee for Aid to Afghan Refugees">DACAAR</a> · <a href="/wiki/DanChurchAid" title="DanChurchAid">DanChurchAid</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dansk_Folkehj%C3%A6lp&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dansk Folkehjælp (page does not exist)">DPA</a> · <a href="/wiki/Danish_Refugee_Council" title="Danish Refugee Council">DRC</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estonian_Refugee_Council&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Estonian Refugee Council (page does not exist)">Estonian Refugee Council</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=MT%C3%9C_Mondo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MTÜ Mondo (page does not exist)">MTÜ Mondo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fida_International" title="Fida International">Fida International</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kirkon_ulkomaanapu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kirkon ulkomaanapu (page does not exist)">FinnChurchAid</a> · <a href="/wiki/Finnish_Refugee_Council" title="Finnish Refugee Council">FRC</a> · <a href="/wiki/Mannerheim_League_for_Child_Welfare" title="Mannerheim League for Child Welfare">Mannerheim League for Child Welfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agency_for_Technical_Cooperation_and_Development" title="Agency for Technical Cooperation and Development">ACTED</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=The_alliance_for_international_medical_action&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The alliance for international medical action (page does not exist)">ALIMA</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Agronomes_et_v%C3%A9t%C3%A9rinaires_sans_fronti%C3%A8res&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agronomes et vétérinaires sans frontières (page does not exist)">AVSF</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Institut_Bioforce&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Institut Bioforce (page does not exist)">Institut Bioforce</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=La_Cha%C3%AEne_de_l%27espoir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="La Chaîne de l'espoir (page does not exist)">CDE</a> · <a href="/wiki/Humanity_%26_Inclusion" title="Humanity & Inclusion">Federation Handicap</a> · <a href="/wiki/Groupe_de_Recherches_et_d%27Echanges_Technologiques" title="Groupe de Recherches et d'Echanges Technologiques">GRET</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=IMMAP_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="IMMAP France (page does not exist)">iMMAP</a> · <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9decins_du_Monde" title="Médecins du Monde">MDM</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%92uvre_d%27Orient&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Œuvre d'Orient (page does not exist)">Œuvre d'Orient</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Premi%C3%A8re_Urgence_Internationale&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Première Urgence Internationale (page does not exist)">PUI</a> · <a href="/wiki/Relief_International" title="Relief International">Relief International</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Secours_islamique_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Secours islamique France (page does not exist)">Secours Islamique</a> · <a href="/wiki/Secours_populaire_fran%C3%A7ais" title="Secours populaire français">SPF</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Triangle_G%C3%A9n%C3%A9ration_humanitaire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Triangle Génération humanitaire (page does not exist)">Triangle</a> · <a href="/wiki/T%C3%A9l%C3%A9coms_Sans_Fronti%C3%A8res" title="Télécoms Sans Frontières">TSF</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arche_noVa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arche noVa (page does not exist)">arche noVa</a> · <a href="/wiki/Arbeiter-Samariter-Bund_Deutschland" title="Arbeiter-Samariter-Bund Deutschland">ASB</a> · <a href="/wiki/Diakonie_Deutschland" title="Diakonie Deutschland">Diakonie Deutschland</a> · <a href="/wiki/Johanniter-Unfall-Hilfe" title="Johanniter-Unfall-Hilfe">Die Johanniter</a> · <a href="/wiki/Welthungerhilfe" title="Welthungerhilfe">GAC</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Help_%E2%80%93_Hilfe_zur_Selbsthilfe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Help – Hilfe zur Selbsthilfe (page does not exist)">HELP</a> · <a href="/wiki/International_Rescue_Committee" title="International Rescue Committee">International Rescue Committee</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Malteser_Hilfsdienst&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Malteser Hilfsdienst (page does not exist)">Malteser Hilfsdienst</a> · <a href="/wiki/Medair" title="Medair">Medair</a> · <a href="/wiki/Medico_International" title="Medico International">MI</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sign_of_Hope&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sign of Hope (page does not exist)">Sign of Hope</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Veterinarians_Without_Borders&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Veterinarians Without Borders (page does not exist)">VSF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concern_Worldwide" title="Concern Worldwide">Concern Worldwide</a> · <a href="/wiki/GOAL_(organization)" class="mw-redirect" title="GOAL (organization)">GOAL</a> · <a href="/wiki/Self_Help_Africa" title="Self Help Africa">SHA</a> · <a href="/wiki/Tr%C3%B3caire" title="Trócaire">Trócaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ActionAid" title="ActionAid">ActionAid</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Associazione_Italiana_per_la_Solidariet%C3%A0_tra_i_Popoli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Associazione Italiana per la Solidarietà tra i Popoli (page does not exist)">AISPO</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=AVSI&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AVSI (page does not exist)">AVSI</a> · <a href="/wiki/Cesvi" title="Cesvi">Cesvi</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Comitato_Internazionale_per_lo_Sviluppo_dei_Popoli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Comitato Internazionale per lo Sviluppo dei Popoli (page does not exist)">CISP</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cooperazione_Internazionale&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cooperazione Internazionale (page does not exist)">COOPI</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fondazione_Opera_San_Francesco_Saverio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fondazione Opera San Francesco Saverio (page does not exist)">CUAMM</a> · <a href="/wiki/Emergency_(organization)" title="Emergency (organization)">Emergency</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fondazione_L%27Albero_della_Vita&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fondazione L'Albero della Vita (page does not exist)">FADV</a> · <a href="/wiki/Intersos" title="Intersos">INTERSOS</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Servizio_Dei_Gesuiti_per_l_Rifugiati&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Servizio Dei Gesuiti per l Rifugiati (page does not exist)">JRS</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=LVIA-Associazione_Internazionale_Volontari_Laici&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="LVIA-Associazione Internazionale Volontari Laici (page does not exist)">LVIA</a> · <a href="/wiki/Un_Ponte_Per" title="Un Ponte Per">Un Ponte Per</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Volontariato_Internazionale_per_lo_Sviluppo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Volontariato Internazionale per lo Sviluppo (page does not exist)">VIS</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=WeWorld&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="WeWorld (page does not exist)">WeWorld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cordaid" title="Cordaid">Cordaid</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dorcas_Aid_International&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dorcas Aid International (page does not exist)">DAI</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=HealthNet_TPO&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HealthNet TPO (page does not exist)">HNTPO</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=International_NGO_Safety_Organisation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International NGO Safety Organisation (page does not exist)">INSO</a> · <a href="/wiki/Mercy_Corps" title="Mercy Corps">Mercy Corps</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Red_een_Kind&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Red een Kind (page does not exist)">REK</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stichting_Vluchteling&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stichting Vluchteling (page does not exist)">Stichting Vluchteling</a> · <a href="/wiki/Tearfund" title="Tearfund">Tearfund Netherlands</a> · <a href="/wiki/War_Child_(charity)" title="War Child (charity)">War Child Netherlands</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=ZOA_(organization)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ZOA (organization) (page does not exist)">ZOA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Church_Aid" title="Norwegian Church Aid">NCA</a> · <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_People%27s_Aid" title="Norwegian People's Aid">NPA</a> · <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Refugee_Council" title="Norwegian Refugee Council">NRC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Humanitarian_Action" title="Polish Humanitarian Action">PAH</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Funda%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Aga_Khan_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fundação Aga Khan Portugal (page does not exist)">AKF PRT</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asamblea_de_Cooperaci%C3%B3n_por_la_Paz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Asamblea de Cooperación por la Paz (page does not exist)">ACPP</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ayuda_en_Acci%C3%B3n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ayuda en Acción (page does not exist)">Ayuda en Acción</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fundaci%C3%B3n_Educaci%C3%B3n_y_Cooperaci%C3%B3n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fundación Educación y Cooperación (page does not exist)">EDUCO</a> · <a href="/wiki/Entreculturas" title="Entreculturas">Entreculturas</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Farmac%C3%A9uticos_Mundi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Farmacéuticos Mundi (page does not exist)">Farmacéuticos Mundi</a> · <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9decins_du_Monde" title="Médecins du Monde">MDM</a> · <a href="/wiki/Medicus_Mundi_International" title="Medicus Mundi International">Medicus Mundi</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Movimiento_Por_La_Paz,_el_Desarme_y_la_Libertad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Movimiento Por La Paz, el Desarme y la Libertad (page does not exist)">MPDL</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fundaci%C3%B3n_Mundubat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fundación Mundubat (page does not exist)">Mundubat</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Solidaridad_Internacional_Andalucia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Solidaridad Internacional Andalucia (page does not exist)">SIA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Sweden" title="Church of Sweden">COS</a> · <a href="/wiki/Diakonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Diakonia">Diakonia</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A4karmissionen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Läkarmissionen (page does not exist)">Läkarmissionen</a> · <a href="/wiki/PMU_Interlife" class="mw-redirect" title="PMU Interlife">PMU Interlife</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=SWEDO_-_The_Swedish_Development_Aid_Organization&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SWEDO - The Swedish Development Aid Organization (page does not exist)">SWEDO</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Committee_of_the_Red_Cross" title="International Committee of the Red Cross">ICRC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Federation_of_Red_Cross_and_Red_Crescent_Societies" title="International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies">IFRC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_and_Agriculture_Organization" title="Food and Agriculture Organization">FAO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Labour_Organization" title="International Labour Organization">ILO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Organization_for_Migration" title="International Organization for Migration">IOM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_for_the_Coordination_of_Humanitarian_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs">OCHA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_UN_High_Commissioner_for_Human_Rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Office of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights">OHCHR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan_American_Health_Organization" title="Pan American Health Organization">PAHO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Development_Programme" title="United Nations Development Programme">UNDP</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=UNDP_Multi_Partner_Trust_Fund_Office&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="UNDP Multi Partner Trust Fund Office (page does not exist)">UNDP MPTFO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_for_Disaster_Risk_Reduction" title="United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction">UNDRR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Economic_and_Social_Commission_for_Asia_and_the_Pacific" title="United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific">UNESCAP</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">UNESCO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UNICEF" title="UNICEF">UNICEF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Population_Fund" title="United Nations Population Fund">UNFPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Human_Settlements_Programme" title="United Nations Human Settlements Programme">UN-HABITAT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Refugees" title="United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees">UNHCR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Mine_Action_Service" title="United Nations Mine Action Service">UNMAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_on_Drugs_and_Crime" title="United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime">UNODC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_for_Project_Services" title="United Nations Office for Project Services">UNOPS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UNRWA" title="UNRWA">UNRWA</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Office_of_the_United_Nations_Security_Coordinator&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Office of the United Nations Security Coordinator (page does not exist)">UNSECOORD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UN_Women" title="UN Women">UN Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Food_Programme" title="World Food Programme">WFP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">WHO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank">World Bank</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Agencies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Agency_for_International_Development_Cooperation" title="Spanish Agency for International Development Cooperation">AECID</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Directorate-General_for_Civil_Protection_and_Emergencies" title="Directorate-General for Civil Protection and Emergencies">DGPCE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_Emergency_Management_Agency" title="Danish Emergency Management Agency">DEMA</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Direction_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale_de_la_s%C3%A9curit%C3%A9_civile_et_de_la_gestion_de_crise&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Direction générale de la sécurité civile et de la gestion de crise (page does not exist)">DGSCGC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protezione_Civile" title="Protezione Civile">Protezione Civile</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enabel_-_Belgian_development_agency&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Enabel - Belgian development agency (page does not exist)">Enabel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agence_Fran%C3%A7aise_d%27expertise_Technique_international&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agence Française d'expertise Technique international (page does not exist)">Expertise France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Gesellschaft_f%C3%BCr_Internationale_Zusammenarbeit" title="Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit">GIZ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=General_Secretariat_for_Civil_Protection&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="General Secretariat for Civil Protection (page does not exist)">GSCP</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hungary_Helps_Agency&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hungary Helps Agency (page does not exist)">Hungary Helps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITF_Enhancing_Human_Security" title="ITF Enhancing Human Security">ITF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_Civil_Contingencies_Agency" title="Swedish Civil Contingencies Agency">MSB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technisches_Hilfswerk" title="Technisches Hilfswerk">THW</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/32px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/48px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/64px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:European_Union" title="Portal:European Union">European Union portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7809#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7809#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7809#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000404523255">ISNI</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/139500314">VIAF</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/2023755-8">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79054523">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11865674b">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11865674b">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00288564">Japan</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35561043">Australia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=kn20010711459&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX129211">Spain</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/21485">Portugal</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90052506">Norway</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000002045&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000000555&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=9454">Greece</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAB201600004">Korea</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/31fjmpsm5bh4ns6">Sweden</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810671191505606">Poland</a></li><li><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=494/6184">Vatican</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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