CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Johor - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"f4ddb40c-639c-4634-9ccc-cc0d8fa331f4","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Johor","wgTitle":"Johor","wgCurRevisionId":1258093944,"wgRevisionId":1258093944,"wgArticleId":26301463,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas","Pages with non-numeric formatnum arguments","Pages using the Graph extension","Pages with disabled graphs","CS1 Malay-language sources (ms)","CS1 maint: unfit URL","Pages containing links to subscription-only content","All articles with dead external links","Articles with dead external links from July 2020","CS1 Indonesian-language sources (id)","CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list","Articles with short description", "Short description is different from Wikidata","Good articles","EngvarB from September 2019","Use dmy dates from September 2019","Articles containing Malay (macrolanguage)-language text","Articles containing Chinese-language text","Articles containing Tamil-language text","Pages using infobox settlement with possible nickname list","Pages using infobox settlement with possible motto list","Coordinates on Wikidata","Pages with Malay IPA","Articles containing Arabic-language text","Articles containing Persian-language text","Articles containing Kawi-language text","Articles containing Javanese-language text","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from June 2024","Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images","CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024","Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata","Pages using Sister project links with default search","Webarchive template wayback links","Pages using the Kartographer extension", "English-speaking countries and territories","Feudalism in Malaysia","Former British colonies and protectorates in Asia","Johor","Peninsular Malaysia","States of Malaysia","Strait of Malacca"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Johor","wgRelevantArticleId":26301463,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":200000,"wgCoordinates":{"lat":1.9908333333333335,"lon":103.48277777777778}, "wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q183032","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","ext.kartographer.style":"ready","mediawiki.page.gallery.styles":"ready","ext.tmh.player.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready", "jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","ext.kartographer.staticframe","mediawiki.page.gallery","ext.tmh.player","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.WikiMiniAtlas","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints", "ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.kartographer.style%7Cext.tmh.player.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cmediawiki.page.gallery.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Johor_in_Malaysia.svg/1200px-Johor_in_Malaysia.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="457"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Johor_in_Malaysia.svg/800px-Johor_in_Malaysia.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="305"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Johor_in_Malaysia.svg/640px-Johor_in_Malaysia.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="244"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Johor - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johor"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Johor&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johor"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Johor rootpage-Johor skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Main menu </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z">Main page</a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia">Contents</a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events">Current events</a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x">Random article</a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works">About Wikipedia</a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia">Contact us</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia">Help</a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia">Learn to edit</a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors">Community portal</a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r">Recent changes</a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia">Upload file</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"> Search </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Appearance </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class="">Donate</a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Johor" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class="">Create account</a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Johor" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class="">Log in</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Personal tools </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en">Donate</a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Johor" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"> Create account</a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Johor" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"> Log in</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing">learn more</a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y">Contributions</a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n">Talk</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Etymology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etymology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1 Etymology </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etymology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 History </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle History subsection </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Hindu-Buddhist_Era" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hindu-Buddhist_Era"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Hindu-Buddhist Era </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hindu-Buddhist_Era-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sultanate_of_Johor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sultanate_of_Johor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Sultanate of Johor </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sultanate_of_Johor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-British_protectorate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#British_protectorate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 British protectorate </div> </a> <ul id="toc-British_protectorate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Second_World_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Second_World_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 Second World War </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Second_World_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-war_and_independence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-war_and_independence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5 Post-war and independence </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post-war_and_independence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Malaysia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Malaysia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.6 Malaysia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Malaysia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Politics </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Politics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Politics subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Government </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Administrative_divisions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administrative_divisions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Administrative divisions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administrative_divisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Security" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Security"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Security </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Security-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Territorial_disputes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Territorial_disputes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 Territorial disputes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Territorial_disputes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Geography </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Geography subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Climate </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Biodiversity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biodiversity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Biodiversity </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Biodiversity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Economy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Infrastructure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Infrastructure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Infrastructure </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Infrastructure-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Infrastructure subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Infrastructure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Energy_and_water_resources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Energy_and_water_resources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Energy and water resources </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Energy_and_water_resources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Telecommunication_and_broadcasting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Telecommunication_and_broadcasting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Telecommunication and broadcasting </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Telecommunication_and_broadcasting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3 Transportation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Roads" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Roads"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3.1 Roads </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Roads-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rail" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rail"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3.2 Rail </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rail-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Air" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Air"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3.3 Air </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Air-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Water" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Water"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3.4 Water </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Water-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Healthcare" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Healthcare"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.4 Healthcare </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Healthcare-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.5 Education </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Demography </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Demography subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Demography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ethnicity_and_immigration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ethnicity_and_immigration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Ethnicity and immigration </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ethnicity_and_immigration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 Religion </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Languages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Languages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3 Languages </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Culture </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Culture subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Chingay_parade" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chingay_parade"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 Chingay parade </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chingay_parade-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cuisine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cuisine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.2 Cuisine </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cuisine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Holidays_and_festivals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Holidays_and_festivals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.3 Holidays and festivals </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Holidays_and_festivals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Sports </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Notable people </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Johor</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 70 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-70" aria-hidden="true" > 70 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johor" title="Johor – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Johor" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Acèh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%87%D8%B1_(%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A9)" title="جوهر (ولاية) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جوهر (ولاية)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cohor" title="Cohor – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Cohor" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juhur,_Malaysia" title="Juhur, Malaysia – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Juhur, Malaysia" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Banjar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ji%C3%BB-hu%CC%8Dt" title="Jiû-hu̍t – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Jiû-hu̍t" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Джохор – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Джохор" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Джохор – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Джохор" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johor" title="Johor – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Johor" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johor_(estado)" title="Johor (estado) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Johor (estado)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johor" title="Johor – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Johor" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johor" title="Johor – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Johor" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johor" title="Johor – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Johor" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johori_osariik" title="Johori osariik – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Johori osariik" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%B6%CE%BF%CF%87%CF%8C%CF%81" title="Τζοχόρ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τζοχόρ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johor" title="Johor – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Johor" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%9Cohoro" title="Ĝohoro – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ĝohoro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johor" title="Johor – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Johor" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA_%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%87%D8%B1" title="ایالت جوهر – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ایالت جوهر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johor" title="Johor – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Johor" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johor" title="Johor – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Johor" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johor" title="Johor – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Johor" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A1%B0%ED%98%B8%EB%A5%B4%EC%A3%BC" title="조호르주 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="조호르주" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0" title="जोहोर – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="जोहोर" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johor" title="Johor – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Johor" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johor" title="Johor – Inupiaq" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Johor" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="Inupiaq" class="interlanguage-link-target">Iñupiatun</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Джохор – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Джохор" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johor" title="Johor – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Johor" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%27%D7%95%D7%94%D7%95%D7%A8_(%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%96%D7%99%D7%94)" title="ג'והור (מלזיה) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ג'והור (מלזיה)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johor" title="Johor – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Johor" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%B9%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D" title="ಜಹೋರ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಜಹೋರ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AF%E1%83%9D%E1%83%B0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="ჯოჰორი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჯოჰორი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C5%BEohoras" title="Džohoras – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Džohoras" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johor" title="Johor – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Johor" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%8F%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Џохор – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Џохор" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0" title="जोहोर – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="जोहोर" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AF%E1%83%9D%E1%83%B0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="ჯოჰორი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ჯოჰორი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%87%D8%B1" title="جوهر – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="جوهر" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johor" title="Johor – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Johor" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johor" title="Johor – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Johor" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target">Minangkabau</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johor" title="Johor – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Johor" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johor" title="Johor – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Johor" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A7%E3%83%9B%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E5%B7%9E" title="ジョホール州 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ジョホール州" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johor_(Bundesstoot)" title="Johor (Bundesstoot) – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Johor (Bundesstoot)" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johor" title="Johor – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Johor" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johor" title="Johor – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Johor" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%DA%BE%D8%B1" title="جوھر – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="جوھر" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johor" title="Johor – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Johor" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johor" title="Johor – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Johor" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johore" title="Johore – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Johore" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johor" title="Johor – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Johor" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johor_suyu" title="Johor suyu – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Johor suyu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Джохор – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Джохор" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johor" title="Johor – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Johor" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%8F%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Џохор – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Џохор" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johor" title="Johor – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Johor" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johor" title="Johor – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Johor" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johor" title="Johor – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Johor" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9C%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D" title="ஜொகூர் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஜொகூர்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="รัฐยะโฮร์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="รัฐยะโฮร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cohar" title="Cohar – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Cohar" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Джохор – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Джохор" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%DA%BE%D8%B1" title="جوھر – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="جوھر" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johor" title="Johor – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Johor" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johor" title="Johor – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Johor" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9F%94%E4%BD%9B" title="柔佛 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="柔佛" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9F%94%E4%BD%9B%E5%B7%9E" title="柔佛州 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="柔佛州" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cohor" title="Cohor – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Cohor" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9F%94%E4%BD%9B" title="柔佛 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="柔佛" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johor" title="Johor – Iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Johor" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="Iban" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jaku Iban</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johor" title="Johor – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Johor" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kumoring</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q183032#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Johor" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c">Article</a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Johor" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t">Talk</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >English </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Johor">Read</a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johor&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e">Edit</a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johor&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h">View history</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >Tools </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Johor">Read</a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johor&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e">Edit</a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johor&action=history">View history</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Johor" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j">What links here</a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Johor" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k">Related changes</a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u">Upload file</a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q">Special pages</a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johor&oldid=1258093944" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page">Permanent link</a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johor&action=info" title="More information about this page">Page information</a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Johor&id=1258093944&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page">Cite this page</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FJohor">Get shortened URL</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FJohor">Download QR code</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Johor&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file">Download as PDF</a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johor&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p">Printable version</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Johor" hreflang="en">Wikimedia Commons</a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikivoyage mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Johor" hreflang="en">Wikivoyage</a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q183032" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g">Wikidata item</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Johor&params=1_59_27_N_103_28_58_E_type:city_region:MY">1°59′27″N 103°28′58″E / 1.99083°N 103.48278°E / 1.99083; 103.48278</a></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-good-star" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Good_articles*" title="This is a good article. Click here for more information."><img alt="This is a good article. Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">State of Malaysia</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Johor Darul Ta'zim" redirects here. For the professional football club, see <a href="/wiki/Johor_Darul_Ta%27zim_F.C." title="Johor Darul Ta'zim F.C.">Johor Darul Ta'zim F.C.</a></div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">State in Malaysia</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Johor</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/States_and_federal_territories_of_Malaysia" title="States and federal territories of Malaysia">State</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow ib-settlement-official"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">State and Occupied Territories of Johor, the Abode of Dignity Negeri dan Jajahan Takluk Johor Darul Ta'zim <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1227789315">.mw-parser-output .script-arabic{font-family:"Scheherazade New","SF Arabic",Amiri,"Noto Naskh Arabic","Droid Arabic Naskh","Noto Sans Arabic","Sakkal Majalla","Harmattan","Arabic Typesetting","Arabic Transparent","Times New Roman",Arial,Calibri,"Microsoft Sans Serif","Segoe UI",serif,sans-serif;font-weight:normal}</style>نݢري دان جاجهن تعلوق جوهر دارالتّعظيم‎</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Other transcription(s)</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Jawi_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Jawi alphabet">Jawi</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315">جوهر‎</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data">柔佛 Róufó (<a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a></th><td class="infobox-data">ஜொகூர் Jokūr (<a href="/wiki/ISO_15919" title="ISO 15919">Transliteration</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Johor.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Johor"><img alt="Flag of Johor" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Flag_of_Johor.svg/100px-Flag_of_Johor.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Flag_of_Johor.svg/150px-Flag_of_Johor.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Flag_of_Johor.svg/200px-Flag_of_Johor.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Johor" class="mw-redirect" title="Flag of Johor">Flag</a></div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Johor.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Johor"><img alt="Coat of arms of Johor" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Coat_of_arms_of_Johor.svg/110px-Coat_of_arms_of_Johor.svg.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Coat_of_arms_of_Johor.svg/165px-Coat_of_arms_of_Johor.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Coat_of_arms_of_Johor.svg/220px-Coat_of_arms_of_Johor.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="279" /></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Johor" class="mw-redirect" title="Coat of arms of Johor">Coat of arms</a></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Nickname(s): <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname">Darul Ta'zim<a href="#cite_note-Johor_info-1">[1]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315">دارالتّعظيم‎ Abode of Dignity<a href="#cite_note-jhr-2">[2]</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Motto(s): <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname">Kepada <a href="/wiki/Allah" title="Allah">Allah</a> Berserah<a href="#cite_note-Johor_info-1">[1]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315">کڤد الله برسراه‎ To Allah We Surrender<a href="#cite_note-Johor_info-1">[1]</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Anthem: <a href="/wiki/Johor_State_Anthem" title="Johor State Anthem">Lagu Bangsa Johor</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315">لاݢو بڠسا جوهر‎ Johor State Anthem <div style="display:inline-block;margin-top:0.4em;"><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-mwtitle="Lagu_Bangsa_Johor_instrumental.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/Lagu_Bangsa_Johor_instrumental.ogg" type="audio/ogg" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5d/Lagu_Bangsa_Johor_instrumental.ogg/Lagu_Bangsa_Johor_instrumental.ogg.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-transcodekey="ogg" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5d/Lagu_Bangsa_Johor_instrumental.ogg/Lagu_Bangsa_Johor_instrumental.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ALagu_Bangsa_Johor_instrumental.ogg&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ALagu_Bangsa_Johor_instrumental.ogg&lang=ms-arab&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ms-Arab" label="بهاس ملايو ‪(ms-arab)‬" data-dir="rtl" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ALagu_Bangsa_Johor_instrumental.ogg&lang=ms&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ms" label="Bahasa Melayu ‪(ms)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ALagu_Bangsa_Johor_instrumental.ogg&lang=zh-hant&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh-Hant" label="中文（繁體） ‪(zh-hant)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></audio></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/File:Johor_in_Malaysia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Johor_in_Malaysia.svg/250px-Johor_in_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Johor_in_Malaysia.svg/375px-Johor_in_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Johor_in_Malaysia.svg/500px-Johor_in_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="457" /></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style>   Johor in <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959">   <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center;">OpenStreetMap</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 250px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="250" data-height="200" data-zoom="8" data-overlays="["_a84b106080d2b2a1e572e59422f064dd2f2c1380"]"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,8,a,a,250x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Johor&revid=1258093944&groups=_a84b106080d2b2a1e572e59422f064dd2f2c1380" width="250" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,8,a,a,250x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Johor&revid=1258093944&groups=_a84b106080d2b2a1e572e59422f064dd2f2c1380 2x" alt="Map" /></a></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Johor&params=1_59_27_N_103_28_58_E_type:city_region:MY">1°59′27″N 103°28′58″E / 1.99083°N 103.48278°E / 1.99083; 103.48278</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Country" title="Country">Country</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Malaysia_23px.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malaysia_23px.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Malaysia_23px.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malaysia_23px.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Malaysia_23px.svg/46px-Flag_of_Malaysia_23px.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="986" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_capitals_in_Malaysia" title="List of capitals in Malaysia">Capital</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style>(and largest city) </th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Johor_Bahru" title="Johor Bahru">Johor Bahru</a><a href="#endnote_cap">[a]</a><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Royal capital</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Muar_(town)" title="Muar (town)">Muar</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_system" title="Parliamentary system">Parliamentary</a> <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_monarchy" title="Constitutional monarchy">constitutional monarchy</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Sultan_of_Johor" title="Sultan of Johor">Sultan</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_Ismail_of_Johor" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibrahim Ismail of Johor">Ibrahim Ismail</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Sultan_of_Johor" title="Sultan of Johor">Regent</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tunku_Ismail_Idris" title="Tunku Ismail Idris">Tunku Ismail</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Menteri_Besar_of_Johor" title="Menteri Besar of Johor">Menteri Besar</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Onn_Hafiz_Ghazi" title="Onn Hafiz Ghazi">Onn Hafiz Ghazi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Barisan_Nasional" title="Barisan Nasional">BN</a>–<a href="/wiki/United_Malays_National_Organisation" class="mw-redirect" title="United Malays National Organisation">UMNO</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><a href="#cite_note-statistics-4">[4]</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">19,166 km2 (7,400 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Highest elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (<a href="/wiki/Mount_Ledang" title="Mount Ledang">Mount Ledang</a>)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,276 m (4,186 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (2023)<a href="#cite_note-statistics-4">[4]</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">4,100,900 (<a href="/wiki/States_and_federal_territories_of_Malaysia" title="States and federal territories of Malaysia">2nd</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">209.2/km2 (542/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Johorean / Johorian</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Demographics <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488">(2023)<a href="#cite_note-total_population-5">[5]</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Ethnic composition</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bumiputera_(Malaysia)" title="Bumiputera (Malaysia)">Bumiputera</a>: 60.1%</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Chinese" title="Malaysian Chinese">Chinese</a>: 32.8%</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Indian" class="mw-redirect" title="Malaysian Indian">Indian</a>: 6.6%</li> <li>Non-Malaysian citizen: 6.0%</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Dialects</th><td class="infobox-data">Johor-Riau Malay • <a href="/wiki/Terengganu_Malay" title="Terengganu Malay">Terengganu Malay</a> • <a href="/wiki/Jakun_language" title="Jakun language">Jakun</a> • <a href="/wiki/Duano%27_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Duano' language">Duano'</a> • <a href="/wiki/Orang_Seletar_language" title="Orang Seletar language">Orang Seletar</a> Other <a href="#Languages">ethnic minority languages</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">State Index<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/List_of_Malaysian_states_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of Malaysian states by Human Development Index">HDI</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488">(2022)</th><td class="infobox-data">0.794 (high) (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Malaysian_states_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of Malaysian states by Human Development Index">10th</a>)<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Total_fertility_rate" title="Total fertility rate">TFR</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488">(2017)</th><td class="infobox-data">2.1<a href="#cite_note-statistics-4">[4]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">GDP</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488">(2021)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_ringgit" title="Malaysian ringgit">RM</a>131.1 billion, <a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">USD</a>29.26 billion<a href="#cite_note-statistics-4">[4]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/GDP_per_capita" class="mw-redirect" title="GDP per capita">GDP per capita</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488">(2021)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_ringgit" title="Malaysian ringgit">RM</a>32,696, <a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">USD</a>7,297 <a href="#cite_note-statistics-4">[4]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B8" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+8">UTC+8</a> (<a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Standard_Time" class="mw-redirect" title="Malaysian Standard Time">MST</a><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_postal_codes_in_Malaysia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of postal codes in Malaysia">Postal code</a></th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">79xxx<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> to 86xxx,<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> 73400</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_Malaysia" title="Telephone numbers in Malaysia">Calling code</a></th><td class="infobox-data">07<a href="#endnote_call">[b]</a> 06 (Muar and Tangkak)<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data nickname">MY-01, 21–24<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plate" title="Vehicle registration plate">Vehicle registration</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_vehicle_license_plates" class="mw-redirect" title="Malaysian vehicle license plates">J</a><a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Johor" class="mw-redirect" title="Sultanate of Johor">Johor Sultanate</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1528</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Anglo–Johor Treaty</th><td class="infobox-data">1885</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Undang-undang_Tubuh_Negeri_Johor" class="mw-redirect" title="Undang-undang Tubuh Negeri Johor">Johor State Constitution</a></th><td class="infobox-data">14 April 1895</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">British protectorate</th><td class="infobox-data">1914</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Malaya" title="Japanese occupation of Malaya">Japanese occupation</a></th><td class="infobox-data">31 January 1942</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Accession into the <a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Malaya" title="Federation of Malaya">Federation of Malaya</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1948</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Independence as part of the Federation of Malaya</th><td class="infobox-data">31 August 1957</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Federated as part of <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a></th><td class="infobox-data">16 September 1963</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.johor.gov.my">www.johor.gov.my</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183032#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1041539562">.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style><a href="#ref_cap">^[a]</a> <a href="/wiki/Kota_Iskandar" title="Kota Iskandar">Kota Iskandar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iskandar_Puteri" title="Iskandar Puteri">Iskandar Puteri</a> is the state administrative centre and the seat of the Johor state government (<a href="/wiki/Johor_State_Executive_Council" title="Johor State Executive Council">executive branch</a> & <a href="/wiki/Johor_State_Legislative_Assembly" title="Johor State Legislative Assembly">legislative branch</a>). However, <a href="/wiki/Johor_Bahru" title="Johor Bahru">Johor Bahru</a> remains the official capital of the Johor state. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><a href="#ref_call">^[b]</a> Except <a href="/wiki/Muar_(town)" title="Muar (town)">Muar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tangkak_District" title="Tangkak District">Tangkak</a>.</td></tr></tbody></table> Johor (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/dʒəˈhɔːr/</a>; <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style>Malay pronunciation: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Malay" title="Help:IPA/Malay">[d͡ʒoho(r)]</a>, also spelled Johore or historically, Jahore) is a <a href="/wiki/States_and_federal_territories_of_Malaysia" title="States and federal territories of Malaysia">state</a> of <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a> in the south of the <a href="/wiki/Malay_Peninsula" title="Malay Peninsula">Malay Peninsula</a>. It borders with <a href="/wiki/Pahang" title="Pahang">Pahang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malacca" title="Malacca">Malacca</a> and <a href="/wiki/Negeri_Sembilan" title="Negeri Sembilan">Negeri Sembilan</a> to the north. Johor has maritime borders with <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a> to the south and <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> to the east and west. As of 2023, the state's population is 4.09 million, making it the second most populous state in Malaysia, after <a href="/wiki/Selangor" title="Selangor">Selangor</a>.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> <a href="/wiki/Johor_Bahru" title="Johor Bahru">Johor Bahru</a> is the capital city and the economic centre of the state, <a href="/wiki/Kota_Iskandar" title="Kota Iskandar">Kota Iskandar</a> is the state administrative centre and <a href="/wiki/Muar_(town)" title="Muar (town)">Muar</a> serves as the royal capital. Johor's economy is mainly based on the <a href="/wiki/Tertiary_sector_of_the_economy" title="Tertiary sector of the economy">services</a> and <a href="/wiki/Secondary_sector_of_the_economy" title="Secondary sector of the economy">manufacturing</a> sectors. Its <a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">gross domestic product</a> (GDP) is among the three largest in Malaysia, alongside <a href="/wiki/Selangor" title="Selangor">Selangor</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur" title="Kuala Lumpur">Kuala Lumpur</a>. Today, Johor remains the nation's largest trade contributor among all Malaysian states.<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> The state is also a major logistics hub in Malaysia, home to the <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Tanjung_Pelepas" title="Port of Tanjung Pelepas">Port of Tanjung Pelepas</a>, the <a href="/wiki/List_of_busiest_container_ports" title="List of busiest container ports">15th busiest port in the world</a>. <a href="/wiki/Johor_Bahru" title="Johor Bahru">Johor Bahru</a> is also one of the anchor cities of the <a href="/wiki/Iskandar_Malaysia" title="Iskandar Malaysia">Iskandar Malaysia</a> development corridor that covers much of southern Johor, which is the country's first and largest <a href="/wiki/Special_economic_zone" title="Special economic zone">special economic zone</a> by investment value. Johor has high diversity in ethnicity, culture, and language. The state is known for its traditional dance of <a href="/wiki/Zapin" title="Zapin">Zapin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kuda_lumping" class="mw-redirect" title="Kuda lumping">Kuda kepang</a>. The head of state is the <a href="/wiki/Sultan_of_Johor" title="Sultan of Johor">Sultan of Johor</a>, while the head of government is the <a href="/wiki/Menteri_Besar_of_Johor" title="Menteri Besar of Johor">Menteri Besar</a>. The government system is closely modelled on the <a href="/wiki/Westminster_system" title="Westminster system">Westminster parliamentary system</a>, with the state administration divided into administrative districts. Islam is the <a href="/wiki/State_religion" title="State religion">state religion</a> per the 1895 Constitution of Johor, but other religions can be freely practised. <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Malaysian language">Malay</a> is the official language for the state. Johor has highly <a href="/wiki/Biodiversity" title="Biodiversity">diverse</a> tropical <a href="/wiki/Rainforest" title="Rainforest">rainforests</a> and an <a href="/wiki/Equatorial_climate" class="mw-redirect" title="Equatorial climate">equatorial climate</a>. Situated at the southern foothills of the <a href="/wiki/Tenasserim_Hills" title="Tenasserim Hills">Tenasserim Hills</a>, <a href="/wiki/Inselbergs" class="mw-redirect" title="Inselbergs">inselbergs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Massifs" class="mw-redirect" title="Massifs">massifs</a> dominate the state's flat landscape, with <a href="/wiki/Mount_Ledang" title="Mount Ledang">Mount Ledang</a> being the highest point. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Johor&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Royal_Crown.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/The_Royal_Crown.jpg/220px-The_Royal_Crown.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/The_Royal_Crown.jpg/330px-The_Royal_Crown.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/The_Royal_Crown.jpg/440px-The_Royal_Crown.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8869" data-file-height="4484" /></a><figcaption>The Royal Crown in <a href="/wiki/Istana_Bukit_Serene" title="Istana Bukit Serene">Istana Bukit Serene</a>, Johor, dubbed the "Jewel"<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-John_Krich-17">[17]</a></figcaption></figure> The area was first known to the northern inhabitants of <a href="/wiki/Thai_people" title="Thai people">Siam</a> as Gangganu or Ganggayu (Treasury of Gems)<a href="#cite_note-etymology_of_Johor-18">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-etymology-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-Johor_information-20">[20]</a> due to the abundance of <a href="/wiki/Gemstone" title="Gemstone">gemstones</a> near the <a href="/wiki/Johor_River" title="Johor River">Johor River</a>.<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> <a href="/wiki/Arabs" title="Arabs">Arab</a> traders referred to it as <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315">جَوْهَر‎ (‏<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%87%D8%B1#Arabic" class="extiw" title="wikt:جوهر">jauhar</a>‎),<a href="#cite_note-etymology_of_Johor-18">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-etymology-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> a word borrowed from the <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315">گوهر‎ (gauhar), which also means 'precious stone' or 'jewel'.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> As the local people found it difficult to pronounce the <a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a> word in the local dialect, the name subsequently became Johor.<a href="#cite_note-Johor_origin-25">[25]</a> Meanwhile, the <a href="/wiki/Old_Javanese" title="Old Javanese">Old Javanese</a> eulogy of <a href="/wiki/Nagarakretagama" title="Nagarakretagama">Nagarakretagama</a> called the area Ujong Medini ('land's end'),<a href="#cite_note-John_Krich-17">[17]</a> as it is the southernmost point of <a href="/wiki/Mainland_Southeast_Asia" title="Mainland Southeast Asia">mainland Asia</a>. Another name, through Portuguese writer <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Godinho_de_Er%C3%A9dia" title="Manuel Godinho de Erédia">Manuel Godinho de Erédia</a>, made reference to <a href="/wiki/Marco_Polo" title="Marco Polo">Marco Polo</a>'s sailing to Ujong Tanah (the end of the <a href="/wiki/Malay_Peninsula" title="Malay Peninsula">Malay Peninsula</a> land) in 1292.<a href="#cite_note-etymology_of_Johor-18">[18]</a> Both Ujong Medini and Ujong Tanah had been mentioned since before the foundation of the <a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Malacca" class="mw-redirect" title="Sultanate of Malacca">Sultanate of Malacca</a>. Throughout the period, several other names also co-existed such as Galoh, Lenggiu and Wurawari.<a href="#cite_note-etymology_of_Johor-18">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-Johor_origin-25">[25]</a> Johor is also known by its Arabic <a href="/wiki/Honorific" title="Honorific">honorific</a> as <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315">دارالتّعظيم‎ (Darul Ta'zim) or 'Abode of Dignity'.<a href="#cite_note-Johor_origin-25">[25]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Johor&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hindu-Buddhist_Era">Hindu-Buddhist Era</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Johor&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Hindu-Buddhist Era">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Malaysia" title="Prehistoric Malaysia">Prehistoric Malaysia</a></div> A bronze bell estimated to be from 150 AD was found in Kampong Sungai Penchu near the <a href="/wiki/Muar_River" title="Muar River">Muar River</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Jacq-Hergoualc'h2002-26">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> The bell is believed to have been used as a ceremonial object rather than a trade object as a similar ceremonial bell with the same decorations was found in <a href="/wiki/Battambang_province" title="Battambang province">Battambang province</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia">Cambodia</a>, suggesting that the Malay coast came in contact with <a href="/wiki/Funan" title="Funan">Funan</a>, with the bell being a gift from the early kingdom in mainland Asia to local chieftains in the Malay Peninsula.<a href="#cite_note-Jacq-Hergoualc'h2002-26">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> Another important archaeological find was the ancient lost city of <a href="/wiki/Kota_Gelanggi" title="Kota Gelanggi">Kota Gelanggi</a>, which was discovered by following trails described in an old Malay manuscript once owned by <a href="/wiki/Stamford_Raffles" title="Stamford Raffles">Stamford Raffles</a>.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> Artefacts gathered in the area have reinforced claims of early human settlement in the state.<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> The claim of Kota Gelanggi as the first settlement is disputed by the state government of Johor, with other evidence from archaeological studies conducted by the state heritage foundation since 1996 suggesting that the historic city is actually located in <a href="/wiki/Kota_Tinggi_District" title="Kota Tinggi District">Kota Tinggi District</a> at either Kota Klang Kiu or Ganggayu. The exact location of the ancient city is still undisclosed, but is said to be within the 14,000-hectare (34,595-acre) forest reserve where the Lenggiu and Madek Rivers are located, based on records in the <a href="/wiki/Malay_Annals" title="Malay Annals">Malay Annals</a> that, after conquering <a href="/wiki/Gangga_Negara" title="Gangga Negara">Gangga Negara</a>, Raja Suran from Siam of the <a href="/wiki/Nakhon_Si_Thammarat_Kingdom" title="Nakhon Si Thammarat Kingdom">Nakhon Si Thammarat Kingdom</a> (Ligor Kingdom) had sailed to Ganggayu.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> Since ancient times, most of the coastal Malay Peninsula has had their own rulers, but all fell under the jurisdiction of Siam.<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sultanate_of_Johor">Sultanate of Johor</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Johor&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Sultanate of Johor">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Johor_Sultanate" title="Johor Sultanate">Johor Sultanate</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PedraBranca-MapofDominionsofJohore-Hamilton-1727.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/PedraBranca-MapofDominionsofJohore-Hamilton-1727.jpg/220px-PedraBranca-MapofDominionsofJohore-Hamilton-1727.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="271" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/PedraBranca-MapofDominionsofJohore-Hamilton-1727.jpg/330px-PedraBranca-MapofDominionsofJohore-Hamilton-1727.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/PedraBranca-MapofDominionsofJohore-Hamilton-1727.jpg/440px-PedraBranca-MapofDominionsofJohore-Hamilton-1727.jpg 2x" data-file-width="466" data-file-height="575" /></a><figcaption>Map of the Dominion of Johor, 1727</figcaption></figure> After the <a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Malacca_(1511)" title="Capture of Malacca (1511)">fall of Malacca</a> in 1511 to the <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Empire" title="Portuguese Empire">Portuguese</a>, the Johor Sultanate was established by Sultan <a href="/wiki/Mahmud_Shah_of_Malacca" title="Mahmud Shah of Malacca">Mahmud Shah of Malacca</a>'s son, <a href="/wiki/Alauddin_Riayat_Shah_II_of_Johor" title="Alauddin Riayat Shah II of Johor">Ala'udin Ri'ayat Shah II</a>, in 1528 when he moved the royal court to the <a href="/wiki/Johor_River" title="Johor River">Johor River</a> and set up his royal residence in <a href="/wiki/Johor_Lama" title="Johor Lama">Johor Lama</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Johor_Sultanate_history-33">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> Johor became an empire spanning the southern Malay Peninsula, <a href="/wiki/Riau_Archipelago" title="Riau Archipelago">Riau Archipelago</a> (including Singapore), <a href="/wiki/Anambas_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Anambas Islands">Anambas Islands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tambelan_Archipelago" title="Tambelan Archipelago">Tambelan Archipelago</a>, <a href="/wiki/Natuna_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Natuna Islands">Natuna Islands</a>, a region around the <a href="/wiki/Sambas_River" title="Sambas River">Sambas River</a> in south-western <a href="/wiki/Borneo" title="Borneo">Borneo</a> and Siak in <a href="/wiki/Sumatra" title="Sumatra">Sumatra</a> with <a href="/wiki/Pahang_Kingdom" title="Pahang Kingdom">Pahang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aru_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Aru Kingdom">Aru</a> and <a href="/wiki/Champa" title="Champa">Champa</a> as allies.<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> It aspired to retake Malacca from the Portuguese<a href="#cite_note-Anderson1824-37">[37]</a> which the <a href="/wiki/Aceh_Sultanate" title="Aceh Sultanate">Aceh Sultanate</a> in northern Sumatra also aspired to do leading to a three-way war among the rivals.<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> During the wars, Johor's administrative capital moved several times based on military strategies and to maintain authority over trading in the region.<a href="#cite_note-Johor_Sultanate_history-33">[33]</a> Johor and the Portuguese began to collaborate against Aceh, which they saw as a common enemy.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> In 1582 the Portuguese helped Johor thwart an attack by Aceh, but the arrangement ended when Johor attacked the Portuguese in 1587. Aceh continued its attacks against the Portuguese, and only ceased when a large armada from the <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_India" title="Portuguese India">Portuguese port</a> in <a href="/wiki/Goa" title="Goa">Goa</a> came to defend Malacca and destroy the sultanate.<a href="#cite_note-RicklefsLockhart2010-40">[40]</a> After Aceh was left weakened, the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_East_India_Company" title="Dutch East India Company">Dutch East India Company</a> (VOC) arrived and Johor formed an alliance with them to eliminate the Portuguese in the 1641 <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Malacca_(1641)" title="Siege of Malacca (1641)">capture of Malacca</a>.<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-Percillier2016-42">[42]</a> Johor regained authority over many of its former dependencies in Sumatra, such as Siak (1662) and Indragiri (1669), which had fallen to Aceh while Malacca was taken by the Dutch.<a href="#cite_note-RicklefsLockhart2010-40">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-Gin2017-43">[43]</a> Malacca was placed under the direct control of <a href="/wiki/Batavia,_Dutch_East_Indies" title="Batavia, Dutch East Indies">Batavia</a> in Java.<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> Although Malacca fell under Dutch authority, the Dutch did not establish any further trading posts in the Malay Peninsula and Sumatra, as they had more interest in <a href="/wiki/Java" title="Java">Java</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Maluku_Islands" title="Maluku Islands">Maluku Islands</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Percillier2016-42">[42]</a> The Dutch only become involved with local disputes when the <a href="/wiki/Bugis" title="Bugis">Bugis</a> began to threaten their maritime trade.<a href="#cite_note-RicklefsLockhart2010-40">[40]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E4%B8%87%E5%9B%BD%E6%9D%A5%E6%9C%9D%E5%9B%BE_Johor_(%E6%9F%94%E4%BD%9B%E5%9B%BD)_delegates_in_Beijing_in_1761.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/%E4%B8%87%E5%9B%BD%E6%9D%A5%E6%9C%9D%E5%9B%BE_Johor_%28%E6%9F%94%E4%BD%9B%E5%9B%BD%29_delegates_in_Beijing_in_1761.jpg/330px-%E4%B8%87%E5%9B%BD%E6%9D%A5%E6%9C%9D%E5%9B%BE_Johor_%28%E6%9F%94%E4%BD%9B%E5%9B%BD%29_delegates_in_Beijing_in_1761.jpg" decoding="async" width="330" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/%E4%B8%87%E5%9B%BD%E6%9D%A5%E6%9C%9D%E5%9B%BE_Johor_%28%E6%9F%94%E4%BD%9B%E5%9B%BD%29_delegates_in_Beijing_in_1761.jpg/495px-%E4%B8%87%E5%9B%BD%E6%9D%A5%E6%9C%9D%E5%9B%BE_Johor_%28%E6%9F%94%E4%BD%9B%E5%9B%BD%29_delegates_in_Beijing_in_1761.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/%E4%B8%87%E5%9B%BD%E6%9D%A5%E6%9C%9D%E5%9B%BE_Johor_%28%E6%9F%94%E4%BD%9B%E5%9B%BD%29_delegates_in_Beijing_in_1761.jpg/660px-%E4%B8%87%E5%9B%BD%E6%9D%A5%E6%9C%9D%E5%9B%BE_Johor_%28%E6%9F%94%E4%BD%9B%E5%9B%BD%29_delegates_in_Beijing_in_1761.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2543" data-file-height="1162" /></a><figcaption>Johor (柔佛国) delegates in <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a>, <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>, in 1761. <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%87%E5%9B%BD%E6%9D%A5%E6%9C%9D%E5%9B%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="万国来朝图">万国来朝图</a></figcaption></figure> The dynasty that descended from the rulers of Malacca lasted until the death of <a href="/wiki/Mahmud_II_of_Johor" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahmud II of Johor">Mahmud II</a>, when it was succeeded by the <a href="/wiki/Bendahara_dynasty" title="Bendahara dynasty">Bendahara dynasty</a>, a dynasty of ministers who had previously served in the Malacca Sultanate.<a href="#cite_note-Johor_Sultanate_history-33">[33]</a> The Dutch felt increasingly threatened in the 18th century, especially when the English <a href="/wiki/East_India_Company" title="East India Company">East India Company</a> started to establish a presence in the northern Malay Peninsula,<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> leading the Dutch to seize the Bugis areas of <a href="/wiki/Riau" title="Riau">Riau</a> and expel the Bugis from both Riau and <a href="/wiki/Selangor" title="Selangor">Selangor</a> so these areas would not fall under British rule.<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> This ended Bugis political domination in the Johor-Pahang-Riau empire, resulting in the Bugis being banned from Riau in 1784.<a href="#cite_note-Gopinath1991-47">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-Ooi2004-48">[48]</a> During the rivalry between the Bugis and Dutch, <a href="/wiki/Mahmud_Shah_III_of_Johor" title="Mahmud Shah III of Johor">Mahmud Shah III</a> concluded a treaty of protection with the VOC on board the HNLMS Utrecht and the sultan was allowed to reside in Riau with Dutch protection.<a href="#cite_note-Gopinath1991-47">[47]</a> Since then, mistrust between the Bugis and Malay escalated.<a href="#cite_note-Ooi2004-48">[48]</a> From 1796 to 1801 and from 1807 to 1818, Malacca was placed under British <a href="/wiki/Resident_(title)" class="mw-redirect" title="Resident (title)">Residency</a> as the Netherlands were <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Holland" title="Kingdom of Holland">conquered by France</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Wars" title="Napoleonic Wars">Napoleonic Wars</a> and was returned to the Dutch in 1818. Malacca served as the staging area for the British <a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Java_(1811)" title="Invasion of Java (1811)">Invasion of Java</a> in 1811.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="British_protectorate">British protectorate</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Johor&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: British protectorate">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Johor_Sultanate#Modern_Johor_Sultanate" title="Johor Sultanate">Johor Sultanate § Modern Johor Sultanate</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Unfederated_Malay_States" title="Unfederated Malay States">Unfederated Malay States</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sunset_on_the_Johore_River,_Singapore_Wellcome_V0037493.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Sunset_on_the_Johore_River%2C_Singapore_Wellcome_V0037493.jpg/220px-Sunset_on_the_Johore_River%2C_Singapore_Wellcome_V0037493.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Sunset_on_the_Johore_River%2C_Singapore_Wellcome_V0037493.jpg/330px-Sunset_on_the_Johore_River%2C_Singapore_Wellcome_V0037493.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Sunset_on_the_Johore_River%2C_Singapore_Wellcome_V0037493.jpg/440px-Sunset_on_the_Johore_River%2C_Singapore_Wellcome_V0037493.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3308" data-file-height="2256" /></a><figcaption>A painting by John Edmund Taylor showing people in rowboats on the <a href="/wiki/Johor_River" title="Johor River">Johor River</a> in the evening seen from <a href="/wiki/Changi" title="Changi">Changi</a> in Singapore, July 1879</figcaption></figure> When Mahmud Shah III died the sultan left two sons through commoner mothers. While the elder son <a href="/wiki/Hussein_Shah_of_Johor" title="Hussein Shah of Johor">Hussein Shah</a> was supported by the Malay community, the younger son <a href="/wiki/Abdul_Rahman_Muazzam_Shah_of_Johor" title="Abdul Rahman Muazzam Shah of Johor">Abdul Rahman Muazzam Shah</a> was supported by the Bugis community.<a href="#cite_note-Ooi2004-48">[48]</a> In 1818, the Dutch recognised Abdul Rahman Muazzam Shah as the legitimate heir to the Johor Empire in return for supporting their intention to establish a trading post in Riau.<a href="#cite_note-recognition_and_treaty-50">[50]</a> The following year, the British recognised Hussein Shah as the legitimate heir to the Johor Empire in return for supporting their intention to establish a trading post in Singapore.<a href="#cite_note-Johor_Sultanate_history-33">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-Ooi2004-48">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> Before his death, Mahmud Shah III had appointed <a href="/wiki/Temenggong_Abdul_Rahman" title="Temenggong Abdul Rahman">Abdul Rahman</a> as the <a href="/wiki/Temenggong" title="Temenggong">Temenggong</a> for Johor with recognition from the British as the Temenggong of Johor-Singapore,<a href="#cite_note-Johor_Sultanate_history-33">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> marking the beginning of the Temenggong dynasty. Abdul Rahman was succeeded by his son, <a href="/wiki/Temenggong_Daeng_Ibrahim" title="Temenggong Daeng Ibrahim">Daeng Ibrahim</a>, although he was only recognised by the British 14 years later.<a href="#cite_note-Johor_Sultanate_history-33">[33]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Johor_Bahru_town_in_the_1920s.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Johor_Bahru_town_in_the_1920s.jpg/220px-Johor_Bahru_town_in_the_1920s.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Johor_Bahru_town_in_the_1920s.jpg/330px-Johor_Bahru_town_in_the_1920s.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Johor_Bahru_town_in_the_1920s.jpg/440px-Johor_Bahru_town_in_the_1920s.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="590" /></a><figcaption>Johor Bahru town during the British period, circa 1920</figcaption></figure> With the <a href="/wiki/Partition_(politics)" title="Partition (politics)">partition</a> of the Johor Empire due to the dispute between the Bugis and Malay and following the defined spheres of influence for the British and Dutch resulting from the <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Dutch_Treaty_of_1824" title="Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824">Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824</a>, Daeng Ibrahim intended to create a new administrative centre for the Johor Sultanate under the new dynasty.<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> As he maintained a close relationship with the British and the latter wanted full control over trade in Singapore, a treaty was signed between Daeng Ibrahim and Hussein Shah's successor, <a href="/wiki/Ali_Iskandar_of_Johor" title="Ali Iskandar of Johor">Ali Iskandar</a>, recognising Ali as the next sultan.<a href="#cite_note-jh-55">[55]</a> Through the treaty, Ali was crowned as the sultan and received $5,000 (in <a href="/wiki/Spanish_dollar" title="Spanish dollar">Spanish dollars</a>) and an allowance of $500 per month, but was required to cede the sovereignty of the territory of Johor (except <a href="/wiki/Kesang,_Malaysia" title="Kesang, Malaysia">Kesang</a> of <a href="/wiki/Muar_District" title="Muar District">Muar</a>, which would be the only territory under his control) to Daeng Ibrahim.<a href="#cite_note-jh-55">[55]</a><a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a><a href="#cite_note-British_and_Johor-57">[57]</a> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Partition_of_the_Johor_Empire.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d7/Partition_of_the_Johor_Empire.png" decoding="async" width="235" height="282" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="235" data-file-height="282" /></a><figcaption>Partition of the Johor Empire before and after the <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Dutch_Treaty_of_1824" title="Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824">Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824</a><a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> <hr /> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> Under <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British influence</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Johor_Sultanate" title="Johor Sultanate">Johor Sultanate</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Pahang_Kingdom" title="Pahang Kingdom">Pahang Kingdom</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Founding_years_of_modern_Singapore" title="Founding years of modern Singapore">Singapore</a></div> <hr /> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> Under <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Dutch Empire">Dutch influence</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Indragiri Sultanate</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Riau-Lingga_Sultanate" title="Riau-Lingga Sultanate">Riau-Lingga Sultanate</a></div> </figcaption></figure> Following the establishment of a new capital in mainland Johor, the administrative centre was moved from <a href="/wiki/Telok_Blangah" title="Telok Blangah">Telok Blangah</a> in Singapore. As the area was still an undeveloped jungle, the Temenggong encouraged the migration of <a href="/wiki/Overseas_Chinese" title="Overseas Chinese">Chinese</a> and <a href="/wiki/Javanese_people" title="Javanese people">Javanese</a> to clear the land and develop an agricultural economy in Johor. During Daeng Ibrahim's reign, Johor began to be modernised which was continued by his son, <a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakar_of_Johor" title="Abu Bakar of Johor">Abu Bakar</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Johor_Sultanate_history-33">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> In 1885, an Anglo-Johor Treaty was signed that formalised the close relations between the two, with the British given transit rights for trade through Johor's territory and responsibility for its foreign relations, as well as providing protection to the latter.<a href="#cite_note-recognition_and_treaty-50">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-British_and_Johor-57">[57]</a> It was also in this year that Johor had formed its present-day boundary.<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> The treaty also provided for the appointment of a British agent in an <a href="/wiki/Indirect_rule" title="Indirect rule">advisory role</a>, although no advisor was appointed until 1910.<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> Abu Bakar also implemented a constitution known as the <a href="/wiki/Johor_State_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="Johor State Constitution">Johor State Constitution</a> (Malay: Undang-undang Tubuh Negeri Johor) and organised his administration in a British style.<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> By adopting an English-style modernisation policy, Johor temporarily prevented itself from being directly controlled by the British, as happened to other Malay states.<a href="#cite_note-reason_for_advisor_acceptance-63">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> Under the reign of <a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_of_Johor" title="Ibrahim of Johor">Ibrahim</a>, the British appointed <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Graham_Campbell" title="Douglas Graham Campbell">Douglas Graham Campbell</a> as an advisor to the sultanate in 1910, although the sultan only appointed Campbell as a General Adviser unlike in other Malayan states which had Resident Advisors, becoming the last Malay state to accept a British Adviser.<a href="#cite_note-Johor_Sultanate_history-33">[33]</a> However, due to Ibrahim's overspending, the sultanate faced problems caused by the falling price of its major source of <a href="/wiki/Revenue" title="Revenue">revenue</a> and problems between him and members of his state council, which gave the British an opportunity to intervene in Johor's internal affairs.<a href="#cite_note-reason_for_advisor_acceptance-63">[63]</a> Despite Ibrahim's reluctance to appoint a British adviser, Johor was brought under British control as one of the <a href="/wiki/Unfederated_Malay_States" title="Unfederated Malay States">Unfederated Malay States</a> (UMS) by 1914, with the position of its General Adviser elevated to that of a Resident in the <a href="/wiki/Federated_Malay_States" title="Federated Malay States">Federated Malay States</a> (FMS).<a href="#cite_note-Gin2017-43">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-recognition_and_treaty-50">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-British_and_Johor-57">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Second_World_War">Second World War</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Johor&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Second World War">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Malayan_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Malayan Campaign">Malayan Campaign</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Malaya" title="Japanese occupation of Malaya">Japanese occupation of Malaya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Singapore" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Singapore">Battle of Singapore</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Operation_Zipper" title="Operation Zipper">Operation Zipper</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_British_Army_in_Malaya_1941_FE287.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/The_British_Army_in_Malaya_1941_FE287.jpg/220px-The_British_Army_in_Malaya_1941_FE287.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="221" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/The_British_Army_in_Malaya_1941_FE287.jpg/330px-The_British_Army_in_Malaya_1941_FE287.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/The_British_Army_in_Malaya_1941_FE287.jpg/440px-The_British_Army_in_Malaya_1941_FE287.jpg 2x" data-file-width="796" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>Indian troops embark onto boats during an invasion exercise in southern Johor, 13 November 1941.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Australian_2-pdr_anti-tank_gun_in_action_at_Bakri_on_the_Muar-Parit_Sulong_Road.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Australian_2-pdr_anti-tank_gun_in_action_at_Bakri_on_the_Muar-Parit_Sulong_Road.jpg/220px-Australian_2-pdr_anti-tank_gun_in_action_at_Bakri_on_the_Muar-Parit_Sulong_Road.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Australian_2-pdr_anti-tank_gun_in_action_at_Bakri_on_the_Muar-Parit_Sulong_Road.jpg/330px-Australian_2-pdr_anti-tank_gun_in_action_at_Bakri_on_the_Muar-Parit_Sulong_Road.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Australian_2-pdr_anti-tank_gun_in_action_at_Bakri_on_the_Muar-Parit_Sulong_Road.jpg/440px-Australian_2-pdr_anti-tank_gun_in_action_at_Bakri_on_the_Muar-Parit_Sulong_Road.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2953" data-file-height="1982" /></a><figcaption>Three Australian <a href="/wiki/8th_Division_(Australia)" title="8th Division (Australia)">8th Division</a> members firing on Japanese <a href="/wiki/Type_95_Ha-Go_light_tank" title="Type 95 Ha-Go light tank">Type 95 Ha-Gō</a> tanks on the Muar-Parit Sulong road during the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Muar" title="Battle of Muar">Battle of Muar</a>, 18 January 1942</figcaption></figure> Since the 1910s, Japanese planters had been involved in numerous estates and in the mining of mineral resources in Johor as a result of the <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Japanese_Alliance" title="Anglo-Japanese Alliance">Anglo-Japanese Alliance</a>.<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-LimWong2000-67">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-AkashiYoshimura2008-68">[68]</a> After the <a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rubber" class="mw-redirect" title="Rubber">rubber</a> cultivation in Malaya was largely controlled by Japanese companies. Following the abolition of the Rubber Lands Restrictions (Enactment) in 1919, Gomu Nanyo Company (South Seas Rubber Co. Ltd.) began cultivating rubber in the interior of Johor.<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> By the 1920s, Ibrahim had become a personal friend of <a href="/wiki/Yoshichika_Tokugawa" title="Yoshichika Tokugawa">Tokugawa Yoshichika</a>, a member of the <a href="/wiki/Tokugawa_clan" title="Tokugawa clan">Tokugawa clan</a> whose ancestors were military leaders (<a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dgun" class="mw-redirect" title="Shōgun">shōgun</a> in <a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a>) who ruled Japan from the 16th to the 19th centuries.<a href="#cite_note-LimWong2000-67">[67]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a>, at a great cost of lives in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Muar" title="Battle of Muar">Battle of Muar</a> in Johor as part of the <a href="/wiki/Malayan_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Malayan Campaign">Malayan Campaign</a>,<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Japanese_Army" title="Imperial Japanese Army">Imperial Japanese Army</a> (IJA) forces with their <a href="/wiki/Bicycle_infantry" title="Bicycle infantry">bicycle infantry</a> and tanks advanced into Muar District (present-day <a href="/wiki/Tangkak_District" title="Tangkak District">Tangkak District</a>) on 14 January 1942.<a href="#cite_note-Yenne2014-71">[71]</a> During the Japanese forces' arrival, Tokugawa accompanied General <a href="/wiki/Tomoyuki_Yamashita" title="Tomoyuki Yamashita">Tomoyuki Yamashita</a>'s troops and was warmly received by Ibrahim when they reached <a href="/wiki/Johor_Bahru" title="Johor Bahru">Johor Bahru</a> at the end of January 1942.<a href="#cite_note-Yenne2014-71">[71]</a> Yamashita and his officers stationed themselves at the Sultan's residence, <a href="/wiki/Istana_Bukit_Serene" title="Istana Bukit Serene">Istana Bukit Serene</a>, and the state secretariat building, <a href="/wiki/Sultan_Ibrahim_Building" title="Sultan Ibrahim Building">Sultan Ibrahim Building</a>, to plan for the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Singapore" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Singapore">invasion of Singapore</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Pike2016-72">[72]</a> Some of the Japanese officers were worried since the location of the palace left them exposed to the British, but Yamashita was confident that the British would not attack since Ibrahim was also a friend to the British, which proved to be correct.<a href="#cite_note-LimWong2000-67">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-Pike2016-72">[72]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Singapore_causeway_blown_up.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Singapore_causeway_blown_up.jpg/220px-Singapore_causeway_blown_up.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Singapore_causeway_blown_up.jpg/330px-Singapore_causeway_blown_up.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/35/Singapore_causeway_blown_up.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="243" /></a><figcaption>View of the blown up <a href="/wiki/Johor%E2%80%93Singapore_Causeway" title="Johor–Singapore Causeway">Johor–Singapore Causeway</a> with the gap visible in the middle, which delayed the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Singapore" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Singapore">Japanese conquest</a> of <a href="/wiki/Singapore_in_the_Straits_Settlements" title="Singapore in the Straits Settlements">Singapore</a> for over a week to 8 February 1942</figcaption></figure> On 8 February, the Japanese began to bombard the northwestern coastline of Singapore, which was followed by the crossing of the IJA <a href="/wiki/5th_Division_(Imperial_Japanese_Army)" title="5th Division (Imperial Japanese Army)">5th</a> and <a href="/wiki/18th_Division_(Imperial_Japanese_Army)" title="18th Division (Imperial Japanese Army)">18th Divisions</a> with around 13,000 troops through the <a href="/wiki/Straits_of_Johor" title="Straits of Johor">Straits of Johor</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Japanese_arrival_Singapore-73">[73]</a> The following day, the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Guard_(Japan)" title="Imperial Guard (Japan)">Imperial Guard Division</a> crossed into <a href="/wiki/Kranji" title="Kranji">Kranji</a> while the remaining Japanese Guard troops crossed through the repaired <a href="/wiki/Johor%E2%80%93Singapore_Causeway" title="Johor–Singapore Causeway">Johor–Singapore Causeway</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Japanese_arrival_Singapore-73">[73]</a> Following the occupation of all of Malaya and Singapore by the Japanese, Tokugawa proposed a reform plan by which the five kingdoms of Johor, Terengganu, Kelantan, Kedah-Penang and Perlis would be restored and federated.<a href="#cite_note-AkashiYoshimura2008-68">[68]</a> Under the scheme, Johor would control <a href="/wiki/Perak" title="Perak">Perak</a>, Selangor, <a href="/wiki/Negeri_Sembilan" title="Negeri Sembilan">Negeri Sembilan</a> and Malacca while a 2,100-square-kilometre (800 sq mi) area in the southern part of Johor would be incorporated into <a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Singapore" title="Japanese occupation of Singapore">Singapore</a> for defence purposes.<a href="#cite_note-AkashiYoshimura2008-68">[68]</a> The five monarchs of the kingdoms would be obliged to pledge loyalty to Japan, would need to visit the Japanese royal family every two years, and would assure the <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion" title="Freedom of religion">freedom of religion</a>, worship, employment and <a href="/wiki/Private_property" title="Private property">ownership of private property</a> to all people and accord every Japanese person residing in the kingdoms with treatment equal to indigenous people.<a href="#cite_note-AkashiYoshimura2008-68">[68]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Japanese_Advancement,_Labis_(cropped_II)_(AWM_4093032).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Japanese_Advancement%2C_Labis_%28cropped_II%29_%28AWM_4093032%29.jpg/220px-Japanese_Advancement%2C_Labis_%28cropped_II%29_%28AWM_4093032%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Japanese_Advancement%2C_Labis_%28cropped_II%29_%28AWM_4093032%29.jpg/330px-Japanese_Advancement%2C_Labis_%28cropped_II%29_%28AWM_4093032%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Japanese_Advancement%2C_Labis_%28cropped_II%29_%28AWM_4093032%29.jpg/440px-Japanese_Advancement%2C_Labis_%28cropped_II%29_%28AWM_4093032%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="588" data-file-height="398" /></a><figcaption>Additional Japanese troops advancing through an iron bridge in <a href="/wiki/Labis" title="Labis">Labis</a> which had been destroyed by the retreating British forces down the Malayan Peninsula, 22 January 1942</figcaption></figure> Meanwhile, <a href="/wiki/%C5%8Ctani_K%C5%8Dzui" title="Ōtani Kōzui">Ōtani Kōzui</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Nishi_Hongan-ji" title="Nishi Hongan-ji">Nishi Hongan-ji</a> sub-sect of <a href="/wiki/J%C5%8Ddo_Shinsh%C5%AB" title="Jōdo Shinshū">Jōdo Shinshū</a> <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a> suggested that the sultan system should be abolished and Japan should rule the Malay kingdoms under a Japanese constitutional monarchy government.<a href="#cite_note-AkashiYoshimura2008-68">[68]</a> Japanese War Minister <a href="/wiki/Hideki_T%C5%8Dj%C5%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="Hideki Tōjō">Hideki Tōjō</a>, however, had already reminded their government staff in Malaya to refrain from acting superior to the sultan and to pay respect so the sultan would co-operate with the gunsei (Japanese military organisation).<a href="#cite_note-AkashiYoshimura2008-68">[68]</a> In May, many high-ranking Japanese officials returned to <a href="/wiki/Tokyo_City" title="Tokyo City">Tokyo</a> to consult with officials of the War Ministry and General Staff on how to deal with the Sultan.<a href="#cite_note-AkashiYoshimura2008-68">[68]</a> Upon their return to Singapore in July, they published a document called "A Policy for the Treatment of the Sultan", which was a demand for the Sultan to surrender his power over his people and land to the <a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_Japan" title="Emperor of Japan">Japanese emperor</a> through the IJA commander. The military organisation demanded the Sultan surrender his power in a manner reminiscent of the way the <a href="/wiki/Tokugawa_shogunate" title="Tokugawa shogunate">Tokugawa shogunate</a> surrendered their power to the Japanese emperor in 1868.<a href="#cite_note-AkashiYoshimura2008-68">[68]</a> Through the Japanese administration, many massacres of civilians occurred with an estimate that 25,000 ethnic Chinese civilians in Johor perished during the occupation.<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> In spite of that, the Japanese established the Endau Settlement (also known as the New <a href="/wiki/Syonan" class="mw-redirect" title="Syonan">Syonan</a> Model Farm) in <a href="/wiki/Endau" title="Endau">Endau</a> for Chinese settlers to ease the food supply problem in Singapore.<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post-war_and_independence">Post-war and independence</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Johor&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Post-war and independence">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Malayan_Union" title="Malayan Union">Malayan Union</a> and <a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Malaya" title="Federation of Malaya">Federation of Malaya</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_British_Reoccupation_of_Malaya_SE5882.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/The_British_Reoccupation_of_Malaya_SE5882.jpg/220px-The_British_Reoccupation_of_Malaya_SE5882.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="219" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/The_British_Reoccupation_of_Malaya_SE5882.jpg/330px-The_British_Reoccupation_of_Malaya_SE5882.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/The_British_Reoccupation_of_Malaya_SE5882.jpg/440px-The_British_Reoccupation_of_Malaya_SE5882.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="795" /></a><figcaption>British Brigadier J J McCully inspects men of the 4th Regiment of the <a href="/wiki/Malayan_People%E2%80%99s_Anti-Japanese_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Malayan People’s Anti-Japanese Army">Malayan People’s Anti-Japanese Army</a> (MPAJA) guerrillas at Johor Bahru after the end of war against the Japanese, 1945</figcaption></figure> At the start of the war, the British had accepted an offer from the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Malaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist Party of Malaya">Communist Party of Malaya (CPM)</a> to co-operate to fight the Japanese; to do this, the CPM formed the <a href="/wiki/Malayan_Peoples%27_Anti-Japanese_Army" title="Malayan Peoples' Anti-Japanese Army">Malayan Peoples' Anti-Japanese Army</a> (MPAJA).<a href="#cite_note-communism_in_Malaya-76">[76]</a> The CPM supporters were mostly Chinese-educated members discriminated against by the English-educated elite and the Babas (<a href="/wiki/Peranakan" class="mw-redirect" title="Peranakan">Straits-born Chinese</a>) during British rule whose main objective was to gain independence from foreign empires and to establish a socialist state based on <a href="/wiki/Marxism%E2%80%93Leninism" title="Marxism–Leninism">Marxism–Leninism</a> similar to the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Republic of China">People's Republic of China</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Lee2013-77">[77]</a> The party also had Malay and Indian representatives. They advocated violence as a method of achieving their goals.<a href="#cite_note-Lee2013-77">[77]</a> Throughout their war against the Japanese, they also assassinated civilians suspected of collaborating with the Japanese,<a href="#cite_note-Pye2015-78">[78]</a> while kidnapped Malay women were used as <a href="/wiki/Comfort_women" title="Comfort women">comfort women</a>, as had also been done by the Japanese.<a href="#cite_note-Bose2012-79">[79]</a> This led to retaliatory raids from some Malays affected by the attacks who decided to collaborate with the Japanese. This indirectly led to <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_conflict" title="Ethnic conflict">ethnic conflict</a>, especially when ethnic propaganda was being made by both sides, leading to the deaths of more civilians.<a href="#cite_note-Bose2012-79">[79]</a><a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> The Allied forces launched <a href="/wiki/Operation_Tiderace" title="Operation Tiderace">Operation Tiderace</a> and <a href="/wiki/Operation_Zipper" title="Operation Zipper">Operation Zipper</a> to liberate Malaya and Singapore. In the five weeks before the British resumed control over Malaya following the Japanese surrender on 16 August 1945, the MPAJA emerged as the <a href="/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto">de facto</a> authority in the Malayan territory.<a href="#cite_note-communism_in_Malaya-76">[76]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_British_Reoccupation_of_Malaya_SE5878.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/The_British_Reoccupation_of_Malaya_SE5878.jpg/220px-The_British_Reoccupation_of_Malaya_SE5878.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="218" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/The_British_Reoccupation_of_Malaya_SE5878.jpg/330px-The_British_Reoccupation_of_Malaya_SE5878.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/The_British_Reoccupation_of_Malaya_SE5878.jpg/440px-The_British_Reoccupation_of_Malaya_SE5878.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="791" /></a><figcaption>MPAJA guerrillas marching through the street of Johor Bahru during their disbandment ceremony in December 1945</figcaption></figure> Johor and the rest of Malaya were officially placed under the <a href="/wiki/British_Military_Administration_(Malaya)" title="British Military Administration (Malaya)">British Military Administration</a> (BMA) in September 1945 and the MPAJA was disbanded in December after its secretary-general, <a href="/wiki/Lai_Teck" title="Lai Teck">Lai Teck</a> (who was also a double agent for the British),<a href="#cite_note-AkashiYoshimura2008-68">[68]</a><a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> accepted the return of British colonial rule and adopted a moderate "open and legal" attitude towards progressing their goals with most members receiving medals from the British the following year.<a href="#cite_note-communism_in_Malaya-76">[76]</a><a href="#cite_note-Pye2015-78">[78]</a> There was a dispute after the British had returned when Lai Teck disappeared with the CPM funds. The party administration was taken over by <a href="/wiki/Chin_Peng" title="Chin Peng">Chin Peng</a>, who abandoned the "moderate strategy" in favour of a "people's revolutionary war", culminating in the <a href="/wiki/Malayan_Emergency" title="Malayan Emergency">Malayan Emergency</a> of 1948.<a href="#cite_note-communism_in_Malaya-76">[76]</a> During the emergency period, large-scale attacks by the CPM occurred in the present-day <a href="/wiki/Kulai_District" title="Kulai District">Kulai District</a> and other parts of Malaya, but failed to establish <a href="/wiki/Mao_Zedong" title="Mao Zedong">Mao Zedong</a>-style "liberated areas".<a href="#cite_note-communism_in_Malaya-76">[76]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Unpacking_the_State_and_Federation_of_Malaya_Agreements_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Unpacking_the_State_and_Federation_of_Malaya_Agreements_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Unpacking_the_State_and_Federation_of_Malaya_Agreements_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="291" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Unpacking_the_State_and_Federation_of_Malaya_Agreements_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Unpacking_the_State_and_Federation_of_Malaya_Agreements_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/01/Unpacking_the_State_and_Federation_of_Malaya_Agreements_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="399" data-file-height="528" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Onn_Jaafar" title="Onn Jaafar">Onn Jaafar</a> (left), the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Menteris_Besar_of_Johor" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Menteris Besar of Johor">Menteri Besar</a> of Johor and founder of the <a href="/wiki/United_Malays_National_Organisation" class="mw-redirect" title="United Malays National Organisation">United Malays National Organisation</a> (UMNO) with Dr. W. Linehan (right), C.M.G. Adviser on Constitutional Affairs during the <a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Malaya" title="Federation of Malaya">Federation of Malaya</a> Agreements in 1948</figcaption></figure> Fighting between the British occupation forces and their Malayan allies against the CPM continued through the formation of the <a href="/wiki/Malayan_Union" title="Malayan Union">Malayan Union</a> on 1 April 1946 and the proclamation of the independence of the <a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Malaya" title="Federation of Malaya">Federation of Malaya</a> on 31 August 1957.<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> At the time of independence there were three political factions: the Communists, the pro-British, and a race-based coalition. The pro-British side was divided between the Malayan Democratic Union (MDU), which was dominated by English-speaking Chinese and Eurasians who co-operate with <a href="/wiki/Left-wing_politics" title="Left-wing politics">left-wing</a> Malay nationalists "for an independent Malaya that would also include Singapore" and another pro-British side comprising the Babas under the Straits Chinese British Association (SCBA), who were trying to retain their status and privileges granted for their loyalty to the British during the <a href="/wiki/Straits_Settlements" title="Straits Settlements">Straits Settlements</a> era by remaining under British administration.<a href="#cite_note-Lee2013-77">[77]</a><a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a><a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> Meanwhile, the racial coalition, comprising the leading <a href="/wiki/United_Malays_National_Organisation" class="mw-redirect" title="United Malays National Organisation">United Malays National Organisation</a> (UMNO) in an <a href="/wiki/Alliance_Party_(Malaysia)" title="Alliance Party (Malaysia)">alliance</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Indian_Congress" title="Malaysian Indian Congress">Malaysian Indian Congress</a> (MIC) and <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Chinese_Association" title="Malaysian Chinese Association">Malaysian Chinese Association</a> (MCA), sought an independent Malaya based on a racial and religious privileges policy and won the <a href="/wiki/1955_Malayan_general_election" title="1955 Malayan general election">1955 Malayan general election</a>, with the capital of Johor Bahru being the centre of the UMNO party.<a href="#cite_note-Ooi2004-48">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-Lee2013-77">[77]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Malaysia">Malaysia</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Johor&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Malaysia">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Malaysia_Agreement" title="Malaysia Agreement">Malaysia Agreement</a> and <a href="/wiki/Indonesia%E2%80%93Malaysia_confrontation" title="Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation">Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation</a></div> In 1961, the Prime Minister of the Federation of Malaya <a href="/wiki/Tunku_Abdul_Rahman" title="Tunku Abdul Rahman">Tunku Abdul Rahman</a> desired to unite Malaya with the British colonies of <a href="/wiki/Crown_Colony_of_North_Borneo" title="Crown Colony of North Borneo">North Borneo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crown_Colony_of_Sarawak" title="Crown Colony of Sarawak">Sarawak</a> and <a href="/wiki/Crown_Colony_of_Singapore" class="mw-redirect" title="Crown Colony of Singapore">Singapore</a>.<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> Despite growing opposition from the governments of <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a> as well from Communist sympathisers and nationalists in Borneo, the federation was realised on 16 September 1963, with the sovereign state renamed Malaysia.<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a><a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> The Indonesian government later launched a "policy of <a href="/wiki/Indonesia%E2%80%93Malaysia_confrontation" title="Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation">confrontation</a>" towards the new federation,<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> which prompted the United Kingdom and their allies of <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a> to deploy armed forces.<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a><a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> <a href="/wiki/Pontian_District" title="Pontian District">Pontian District</a> became the coastal landing point for amphibious Indonesian troops during the confrontation while <a href="/wiki/Landing_at_Labis" title="Landing at Labis">Labis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tenang" class="mw-redirect" title="Tenang">Tenang</a> in <a href="/wiki/Segamat_District" title="Segamat District">Segamat District</a> became the landing point for Indonesian para-commandos for subversion and sabotage attacks.<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a><a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a><a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> Several encounters occurred in Kota Tinggi District, where nine Malayan/Singaporean troops and half of the Indonesian infiltrators were killed and the rest were captured.<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> Despite several attacks that also cost civilian lives, the Indonesian side did not reach their main objective, and the confrontation ended in 1966 following the internal political struggle in Indonesia resulting from the <a href="/wiki/30_September_Movement" title="30 September Movement">30 September Movement</a>.<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a><a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a> Since the end of the confrontation, the state's development has expanded further with industrial estates and new suburbs. Of the total approved development projects for Johor from 1980 until 1990, 69 percent were concentrated in Johor Bahru and the <a href="/wiki/Pasir_Gudang" title="Pasir Gudang">Pasir Gudang</a> area.<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a> Industrial estates and new suburbs were built in settlements on both the northern and eastern sides of the town, including <a href="/wiki/Plentong" title="Plentong">Plentong</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tebrau" title="Tebrau">Tebrau</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Johor_as_part_of_Malaysia-98">[98]</a> The town of Johor Bahru was <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Malaysia" title="List of cities in Malaysia">officially recognised as a city</a> on 1 January 1994.<a href="#cite_note-Johor_as_part_of_Malaysia-98">[98]</a> On 22 November 2017, <a href="/wiki/Iskandar_Puteri" title="Iskandar Puteri">Iskandar Puteri</a> was declared a city and assigned as the administrative center of the state, located in <a href="/wiki/Kota_Iskandar" title="Kota Iskandar">Kota Iskandar</a>.<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politics">Politics</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Johor&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Politics">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dato%27_Jaafar_Muhammad_Building.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Dato%27_Jaafar_Muhammad_Building.JPG/220px-Dato%27_Jaafar_Muhammad_Building.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Dato%27_Jaafar_Muhammad_Building.JPG/330px-Dato%27_Jaafar_Muhammad_Building.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Dato%27_Jaafar_Muhammad_Building.JPG/440px-Dato%27_Jaafar_Muhammad_Building.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1984" data-file-height="1488" /></a><figcaption>Dato' Jaafar Muhammad Building in <a href="/wiki/Kota_Iskandar" title="Kota Iskandar">Kota Iskandar</a>, which houses the office of the Menteri Besar of Johor</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Government">Government</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Johor&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Government">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Johor_State_Executive_Council" title="Johor State Executive Council">Johor State Executive Council</a> and <a href="/wiki/Johor_State_Legislative_Assembly" title="Johor State Legislative Assembly">Johor State Legislative Assembly</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_State_Assembly_Representatives_(2018-)#Johor" class="mw-redirect" title="Malaysian State Assembly Representatives (2018-)">Malaysian State Assembly Representatives (2018-) § Johor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Malaysia" title="Politics of Malaysia">Politics of Malaysia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Order_of_precedence_in_Johor" title="Order of precedence in Johor">Order of precedence in Johor</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Menteri_Besar_of_Johor" title="Menteri Besar of Johor">Menteri Besar of Johor</a></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="6"><a href="/wiki/File:Johor_Legislative_Assembly_12032022.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Johor_Legislative_Assembly_12032022.svg/300px-Johor_Legislative_Assembly_12032022.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Johor_Legislative_Assembly_12032022.svg/450px-Johor_Legislative_Assembly_12032022.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Johor_Legislative_Assembly_12032022.svg/600px-Johor_Legislative_Assembly_12032022.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="185" /></a> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" rowspan="2">Affiliation </th> <th rowspan="2">Coalition/Party Leader </th> <th rowspan="2">Status </th> <th colspan="2">Seats </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2022_Johor_state_election" title="2022 Johor state election">2022 election</a> </th> <th>Current </th></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959">  </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Barisan_Nasional" title="Barisan Nasional">Barisan Nasional</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Onn_Hafiz_Ghazi" title="Onn Hafiz Ghazi">Onn Hafiz Ghazi</a> </td> <td>Government </td> <td>40 </td> <td>40 </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959">  </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pakatan_Harapan" title="Pakatan Harapan">Pakatan Harapan</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Liew_Chin_Tong" title="Liew Chin Tong">Liew Chin Tong</a> </td> <td>Confidence and supply </td> <td>12 </td> <td>12 </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959">  </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Perikatan_Nasional" title="Perikatan Nasional">Perikatan Nasional</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sahruddin_Jamal" title="Sahruddin Jamal">Sahruddin Jamal</a> </td> <td>Opposition </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="4">Total </th> <th>56 </th> <th>56 </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="4">Government majority </th> <th>17 </th> <th>23 </th></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Johor_Royal_Family_2015.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Johor_Royal_Family_2015.png/220px-Johor_Royal_Family_2015.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Johor_Royal_Family_2015.png/330px-Johor_Royal_Family_2015.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Johor_Royal_Family_2015.png/440px-Johor_Royal_Family_2015.png 2x" data-file-width="1256" data-file-height="776" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Sultan_of_Johor" title="Sultan of Johor">Johor royal family</a> in 2015</figcaption></figure> Johor is a <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_monarchy" title="Constitutional monarchy">constitutional monarchy</a> and was the first state in Malaysia to adopt the system via the <a href="/wiki/Johor_State_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="Johor State Constitution">Johor State Constitution</a> (<a href="/wiki/Malay_language" title="Malay language">Malay</a>: Undang-undang Tubuh Negeri Johor) written by Sultan <a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakar_of_Johor" title="Abu Bakar of Johor">Abu Bakar</a> in 1895.<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a><a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a> The constitutional head of Johor is the <a href="/wiki/Sultan" title="Sultan">sultan</a>. This hereditary position can only be held by a member of the <a href="/wiki/Sultan_of_Johor" title="Sultan of Johor">Johor royal family</a> who is descended from Abu Bakar. The current Sultan of Johor is <a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_Iskandar_of_Johor" title="Ibrahim Iskandar of Johor">Ibrahim Iskandar</a>, who became sultan on 23 January 2010.<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a> The main royal palace for the sultan is the <a href="/wiki/Istana_Bukit_Serene" title="Istana Bukit Serene">Bukit Serene Palace</a>, while the crown prince's is the <a href="/wiki/Istana_Pasir_Pelangi" class="mw-redirect" title="Istana Pasir Pelangi">Istana Pasir Pelangi</a>; both palaces are located in the state capital. Other palaces are the <a href="/wiki/Istana_Besar" title="Istana Besar">Grand Palace</a> (which is also located in the state capital), Tanjong Palace in <a href="/wiki/Muar_(town)" title="Muar (town)">Muar</a>, Sri Lambak in <a href="/wiki/Kluang_(town)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kluang (town)">Kluang</a> and Shooting Box in <a href="/wiki/Segamat_(town)" title="Segamat (town)">Segamat</a>.<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sultan_Ismail_Building.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Sultan_Ismail_Building.JPG/220px-Sultan_Ismail_Building.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Sultan_Ismail_Building.JPG/330px-Sultan_Ismail_Building.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Sultan_Ismail_Building.JPG/440px-Sultan_Ismail_Building.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1984" data-file-height="1488" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Sultan_Ismail_Building" title="Sultan Ismail Building">Sultan Ismail Building</a> houses the Johor State Legislative Assembly in <a href="/wiki/Kota_Iskandar,_Johor" class="mw-redirect" title="Kota Iskandar, Johor">Kota Iskandar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iskandar_Puteri" title="Iskandar Puteri">Iskandar Puteri</a>.</figcaption></figure> The state government is headed by a <a href="/wiki/Menteri_Besar_of_Johor" title="Menteri Besar of Johor">Menteri Besar</a>, who is assisted by an 11-member <a href="/wiki/Johor_State_Executive_Council" title="Johor State Executive Council">executive council</a> selected from the state assembly members.<a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a> The legislative branch of Johor's government is the <a href="/wiki/Johor_State_Legislative_Assembly" title="Johor State Legislative Assembly">Johor State Legislative Assembly</a>, which is based on the <a href="/wiki/Westminster_system" title="Westminster system">Westminster system</a>. Therefore, the chief minister is appointed based on their ability to command the majority of the state assembly. The state assembly makes laws in matters regarding the state. Members of the Assembly are elected by citizens every five years by <a href="/wiki/Universal_suffrage" title="Universal suffrage">universal suffrage</a>.<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a> There are 56 seats in the assembly. The majority (40 seats) are currently held by <a href="/wiki/Barisan_Nasional" title="Barisan Nasional">Barisan Nasional</a> (BN). Johor was a <a href="/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state">sovereign state</a> from 1948 until 1957 while the Federation of Malaya Agreement was in force, but its defence and external affairs were mainly under the control of the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>.<a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a> The Malayan Federation was then merged with two British colonies in Borneo – North Borneo and Sarawak – to form the Federation of Malaysia. Since then, several disputes have arisen such as the incident involving the state royal family that resulted in the <a href="/wiki/1993_amendments_to_the_Constitution_of_Malaysia" title="1993 amendments to the Constitution of Malaysia">1993 amendments to the Constitution of Malaysia</a>, disputes with federal leaders on state and federation affairs, and dissatisfaction over slower development in contrast with the long-standing prosperity in neighbouring Singapore, which even led to statements about <a href="/wiki/Secession" title="Secession">secession</a> from Johor's royal family.<a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a><a href="#cite_note-Johor_economy-108">[108]</a> Other social issues include the rise of racial and religious intolerance among the state's citizens since being part of the federation.<a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a><a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Administrative_divisions">Administrative divisions</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Johor&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Administrative divisions">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/List_of_districts_in_Malaysia" title="List of districts in Malaysia">List of districts in Malaysia</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_local_governments_in_Malaysia" title="List of local governments in Malaysia">List of local governments in Malaysia</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Segamat_District_and_Land_Office.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Segamat_District_and_Land_Office.jpg/220px-Segamat_District_and_Land_Office.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Segamat_District_and_Land_Office.jpg/330px-Segamat_District_and_Land_Office.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Segamat_District_and_Land_Office.jpg/440px-Segamat_District_and_Land_Office.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>A district and land office in <a href="/wiki/Segamat_District" title="Segamat District">Segamat District</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mersing_District_Council.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Mersing_District_Council.JPG/220px-Mersing_District_Council.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Mersing_District_Council.JPG/330px-Mersing_District_Council.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Mersing_District_Council.JPG/440px-Mersing_District_Council.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1984" data-file-height="1488" /></a><figcaption>A district council office in <a href="/wiki/Mersing_District" title="Mersing District">Mersing District</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kluang_Municipal_Council.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Kluang_Municipal_Council.jpg/220px-Kluang_Municipal_Council.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Kluang_Municipal_Council.jpg/330px-Kluang_Municipal_Council.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Kluang_Municipal_Council.jpg/440px-Kluang_Municipal_Council.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1984" data-file-height="1488" /></a><figcaption>A municipal council office in <a href="/wiki/Kluang_District" title="Kluang District">Kluang District</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:FELDA_Linggiu_Office.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/FELDA_Linggiu_Office.jpg/220px-FELDA_Linggiu_Office.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/FELDA_Linggiu_Office.jpg/330px-FELDA_Linggiu_Office.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/FELDA_Linggiu_Office.jpg/440px-FELDA_Linggiu_Office.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>A FELDA office in <a href="/wiki/Kota_Tinggi_District" title="Kota Tinggi District">Kota Tinggi District</a>.</figcaption></figure> Johor is divided into ten <a href="/wiki/List_of_districts_in_Malaysia" title="List of districts in Malaysia">districts</a> (daerah), 103 <a href="/wiki/Mukim" title="Mukim">mukims</a> and 16 local governments.<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a><a href="#cite_note-Johor_town_planning-112">[112]</a> There are district officers for each district and a village head person (known as a ketua kampung or <a href="/wiki/Penghulu" title="Penghulu">penghulu</a>) for each village in the district.<a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a><a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a><a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a> Before the British arrival, Johor was run by a group of relatives and friends of the sultan. A more organised administration was developed in the treaty of friendship with Great Britain in 1885.<a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a> A British Resident began to be accepted in 1914 when the state became an <a href="/wiki/Unfederated_Malay_States" title="Unfederated Malay States">Unfederated Malay State</a> (UMS).<a href="#cite_note-Hussin2016-117">[117]</a> With the transformation into British-style administration, more Europeans were appointed into the administration with their role expanding from advising on financial matters to modern administration guidance.<a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a> Malay state commissioners worked alongside British district officers, known in Johor as "Assistant Advisers".<a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a> When the post of the Resident of the UMS was abolished, other European-held posts in the administration were replaced with locals. As in the rest of Malaysia, the local government comes under the purview of the state government.<a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a> <div role="img" class="noresize" style="width: 600px; line-height: 1; text-align: center; background-color: #ffffff; position: relative;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Districts_and_local_authorities_of_Johor_%28blank%29.svg/600px-Districts_and_local_authorities_of_Johor_%28blank%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="600" height="572" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Districts_and_local_authorities_of_Johor_%28blank%29.svg/900px-Districts_and_local_authorities_of_Johor_%28blank%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Districts_and_local_authorities_of_Johor_%28blank%29.svg/1200px-Districts_and_local_authorities_of_Johor_%28blank%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1035" data-file-height="986" /> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:318px; top:19.6px"><a href="/wiki/Batu_Pahat_District" title="Batu Pahat District">Batu Pahat District</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:318px; top:41.2px"><a href="/wiki/Johor_Bahru_District" title="Johor Bahru District">Johor Bahru District</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:318px; top:62.2px"><a href="/wiki/Kluang_District" title="Kluang District">Kluang District</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:318px; top:84.4px"><a href="/wiki/Kota_Tinggi_District" title="Kota Tinggi District">Kota Tinggi District</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:318px; top:106.6px"><a href="/wiki/Kulai_District" title="Kulai District">Kulai District</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:480px; top:19.6px"><a href="/wiki/Mersing_District" title="Mersing District">Mersing District</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:480px; top:41.2px"><a href="/wiki/Muar_District" title="Muar District">Muar District</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:480px; top:62.2px"><a href="/wiki/Pontian_District" title="Pontian District">Pontian District</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:480px; top:84.4px"><a href="/wiki/Segamat_District" title="Segamat District">Segamat District</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:480px; top:106.6px"><a href="/wiki/Tangkak_District" title="Tangkak District">Tangkak District</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:12px; top:448px"><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">INDONESIA</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:378px; top:526px"><a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">SINGAPORE</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:132px; top:383.8px"><a href="/wiki/Batu_Pahat_(town)" title="Batu Pahat (town)">Batu Pahat</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:306px; top:498.4px"><a href="/wiki/Iskandar_Puteri" title="Iskandar Puteri">Iskandar Puteri</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:366px; top:481.6px"><a href="/wiki/Johor_Bahru" title="Johor Bahru">Johor Bahru</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:264px; top:328px"><a href="/wiki/Kluang_(town)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kluang (town)">Kluang</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:414px; top:417.4px"><a href="/wiki/Kota_Tinggi" title="Kota Tinggi">Kota Tinggi</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:330px; top:443.2px"><a href="/wiki/Kulai" title="Kulai">Kulai</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:186px; top:204.4px"><a href="/wiki/Labis" title="Labis">Labis</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:390px; top:191.8px"><a href="/wiki/Mersing" title="Mersing">Mersing</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:52.32px; top:344.8px"><a href="/wiki/Muar_(town)" title="Muar (town)">Muar</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:408px; top:508.6px"><a href="/wiki/Pasir_Gudang" title="Pasir Gudang">Pasir Gudang</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:486px; top:528.4px"><a href="/wiki/Pengerang" title="Pengerang">Pengerang</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:252px; top:466px"><a href="/wiki/Pontian_Kechil" title="Pontian Kechil">Pontian Kechil</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:102px; top:164.8px"><a href="/wiki/Segamat_(town)" title="Segamat (town)">Segamat</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:216px; top:397px"><a href="/wiki/Simpang_Renggam" title="Simpang Renggam">Simpang Renggam</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:31.8px; top:266.8px"><a href="/wiki/Tangkak" title="Tangkak">Tangkak</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:150px; top:323.2px"><a href="/wiki/Yong_Peng" title="Yong Peng">Yong Peng</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:6px; top:250px"><a href="/wiki/Malacca" title="Malacca">ᴍᴀʟᴀᴄᴄᴀ</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:7.8px; top:130px"><a href="/wiki/Negeri_Sembilan" title="Negeri Sembilan">ɴᴇɢᴇʀɪ sᴇᴍʙɪʟᴀɴ</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:174px; top:52px"><a href="/wiki/Pahang" title="Pahang">ᴘᴀʜᴀɴɢ</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:510px; top:191.8px"><a href="/wiki/South_China_Sea" title="South China Sea">South China Sea</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:444px; top:544px"><a href="/wiki/Straits_of_Johor" title="Straits of Johor">Straits of Johor</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:12px; top:382px"><a href="/wiki/Strait_of_Malacca" title="Strait of Malacca">Strait of Malacca</a></div> </div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: right; width: 600px"> <tbody><tr style="background:#efefef;"> <th></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Malaysia" class="mw-redirect" title="Districts of Malaysia">Districts</a></th> <th>Capital</th> <th>Area (km2)</th> <th>Population (2010)<a href="#cite_note-total_population-5">[5]</a></th> <th>Population (2020) </th></tr> <tr> <th>1 </th> <td align="left"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Flag_of_Batu_Pahat%2C_Johor.svg/23px-Flag_of_Batu_Pahat%2C_Johor.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Flag_of_Batu_Pahat%2C_Johor.svg/35px-Flag_of_Batu_Pahat%2C_Johor.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Flag_of_Batu_Pahat%2C_Johor.svg/46px-Flag_of_Batu_Pahat%2C_Johor.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1512" data-file-height="756" /> <a href="/wiki/Batu_Pahat_District" title="Batu Pahat District">Batu Pahat District</a></td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Batu_Pahat_(town)" title="Batu Pahat (town)">Batu Pahat</a></td> <td>1,878</td> <td>401,902</td> <td>495,338 </td></tr> <tr> <th>2 </th> <td align="left"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Flag_of_Johor_Bahru%2C_Johor.svg/23px-Flag_of_Johor_Bahru%2C_Johor.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Flag_of_Johor_Bahru%2C_Johor.svg/35px-Flag_of_Johor_Bahru%2C_Johor.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Flag_of_Johor_Bahru%2C_Johor.svg/46px-Flag_of_Johor_Bahru%2C_Johor.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1512" data-file-height="756" /> <a href="/wiki/Johor_Bahru_District" title="Johor Bahru District">Johor Bahru District</a></td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Johor_Bahru" title="Johor Bahru">Johor Bahru</a></td> <td>1,817.8</td> <td>1,334,188</td> <td>1,711,191 </td></tr> <tr> <th>3 </th> <td align="left"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Kluang%2C_Johor.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kluang%2C_Johor.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Kluang%2C_Johor.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kluang%2C_Johor.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Kluang%2C_Johor.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kluang%2C_Johor.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1512" data-file-height="756" /> <a href="/wiki/Kluang_District" title="Kluang District">Kluang District</a></td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Kluang_(town)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kluang (town)">Kluang</a></td> <td>2,851</td> <td>288,364</td> <td>323,762 </td></tr> <tr> <th>4 </th> <td align="left"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Flag_of_Kota_Tinggi%2C_Johor.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kota_Tinggi%2C_Johor.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Flag_of_Kota_Tinggi%2C_Johor.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kota_Tinggi%2C_Johor.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Flag_of_Kota_Tinggi%2C_Johor.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kota_Tinggi%2C_Johor.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1512" data-file-height="756" /> <a href="/wiki/Kota_Tinggi_District" title="Kota Tinggi District">Kota Tinggi District</a></td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Kota_Tinggi" title="Kota Tinggi">Kota Tinggi</a></td> <td>3,488</td> <td>187,824</td> <td>222,382 </td></tr> <tr> <th>5 </th> <td align="left"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Kulai%2C_Johor.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kulai%2C_Johor.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Kulai%2C_Johor.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kulai%2C_Johor.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Kulai%2C_Johor.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kulai%2C_Johor.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1512" data-file-height="756" /> <a href="/wiki/Kulai_District" title="Kulai District">Kulai District</a></td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Kulai" title="Kulai">Kulai</a></td> <td>753</td> <td>245,294</td> <td>329,497 </td></tr> <tr> <th>6 </th> <td align="left"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Mersing%2C_Johor.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mersing%2C_Johor.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Mersing%2C_Johor.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mersing%2C_Johor.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Mersing%2C_Johor.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mersing%2C_Johor.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1512" data-file-height="756" /> <a href="/wiki/Mersing_District" title="Mersing District">Mersing District</a></td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Mersing" title="Mersing">Mersing</a></td> <td>2,838</td> <td>69,028</td> <td>78,195 </td></tr> <tr> <th>7 </th> <td align="left"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Flag_of_Muar%2C_Johor.svg/23px-Flag_of_Muar%2C_Johor.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Flag_of_Muar%2C_Johor.svg/35px-Flag_of_Muar%2C_Johor.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Flag_of_Muar%2C_Johor.svg/46px-Flag_of_Muar%2C_Johor.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1512" data-file-height="756" /> <a href="/wiki/Muar_District" title="Muar District">Muar District</a></td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Muar_(town)" title="Muar (town)">Muar</a></td> <td>1,376</td> <td>239,027</td> <td>314,776 </td></tr> <tr> <th>8 </th> <td align="left"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Flag_of_Pontian%2C_Johor.svg/23px-Flag_of_Pontian%2C_Johor.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Flag_of_Pontian%2C_Johor.svg/35px-Flag_of_Pontian%2C_Johor.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Flag_of_Pontian%2C_Johor.svg/46px-Flag_of_Pontian%2C_Johor.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1512" data-file-height="756" /> <a href="/wiki/Pontian_District" title="Pontian District">Pontian District</a></td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Pontian_Kechil" title="Pontian Kechil">Pontian Kechil</a></td> <td>907</td> <td>149,938</td> <td>173,318 </td></tr> <tr> <th>9 </th> <td align="left"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Flag_of_Segamat%2C_Johor.svg/23px-Flag_of_Segamat%2C_Johor.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Flag_of_Segamat%2C_Johor.svg/35px-Flag_of_Segamat%2C_Johor.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Flag_of_Segamat%2C_Johor.svg/46px-Flag_of_Segamat%2C_Johor.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1512" data-file-height="756" /> <a href="/wiki/Segamat_District" title="Segamat District">Segamat District</a></td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Segamat_(town)" title="Segamat (town)">Segamat</a></td> <td>2,851</td> <td>182,985</td> <td>197,762 </td></tr> <tr> <th>10 </th> <td align="left"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Tangkak%2C_Johor.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tangkak%2C_Johor.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Tangkak%2C_Johor.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tangkak%2C_Johor.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Tangkak%2C_Johor.svg/46px-Flag_of_Tangkak%2C_Johor.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1512" data-file-height="756" /> <a href="/wiki/Tangkak_District" title="Tangkak District">Tangkak District</a></td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Tangkak" title="Tangkak">Tangkak</a></td> <td>970</td> <td>131,890</td> <td>163,449 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Security">Security</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Johor&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Security">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:JMF_Ibrahim.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/JMF_Ibrahim.jpg/220px-JMF_Ibrahim.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/JMF_Ibrahim.jpg/330px-JMF_Ibrahim.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/JMF_Ibrahim.jpg/440px-JMF_Ibrahim.jpg 2x" data-file-width="685" data-file-height="420" /></a><figcaption>Sultan <a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_of_Johor" title="Ibrahim of Johor">Ibrahim</a> leading the Johor Military Forces (JMF) during the King's Birthday Parade of <a href="/wiki/George_V" title="George V">George V</a> in Singapore, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1920</figcaption></figure> The Ninth Schedule of the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Malaysia" title="Constitution of Malaysia">Constitution of Malaysia</a> states that the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Malaysia" title="Government of Malaysia">Malaysian federal government</a> is solely responsible for foreign policy and military forces in the country.<a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a> However, Johor has a <a href="/wiki/Private_army" title="Private army">private army</a>, the only state to do so. The retention of the army was one of the stipulations Johor made in 1946 when it participated in the <a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Malaya" title="Federation of Malaya">Federation of Malaya</a>.<a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a> This army, the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Johor_Military_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Johor Military Force">Royal Johor Military Force</a> (Askar Timbalan Setia Negeri Johor), has served as the protector of the Johor monarchs since 1886.<a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a> It is one of the oldest military units in present-day Malaysia and had a significant historical role in the suppression of the <a href="/wiki/1915_Singapore_Mutiny" title="1915 Singapore Mutiny">1915 Singapore Mutiny</a> and served in both World Wars.<a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Territorial_disputes">Territorial disputes</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Johor&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Territorial disputes">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Pedra_Branca_dispute" title="Pedra Branca dispute">Pedra Branca dispute</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pedra_Branca_Map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Pedra_Branca_Map.svg/220px-Pedra_Branca_Map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Pedra_Branca_Map.svg/330px-Pedra_Branca_Map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Pedra_Branca_Map.svg/440px-Pedra_Branca_Map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3478" data-file-height="2118" /></a><figcaption>Map of the disputed island and rocks</figcaption></figure> Johor previously had a territorial dispute with Singapore.<a href="#cite_note-Batu_Puteh_dispute-125">[125]</a> In 1979 Government of Malaysia published the Malaysian Territorial Waters and Continental Shelf Boundaries Map which showed the island of <a href="/wiki/Pedra_Branca,_Singapore" title="Pedra Branca, Singapore">Batu Puteh</a> (present-day Pedra Branca) as under their jurisdiction, Singapore lodged a formal protest the following year.<a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a> The dispute originally concerned only the one feature, but when both sides agreed to refer the matter to the <a href="/wiki/International_Court_of_Justice" title="International Court of Justice">International Court of Justice</a> (ICJ) in 2003, the dispute was enlarged to include two other features in the vicinity, <a href="/wiki/Middle_Rocks" title="Middle Rocks">Middle Rocks</a> and South Ledge.<a href="#cite_note-Batu_Puteh_dispute-125">[125]</a> In 2008 the ICJ decided that "Batu Puteh belongs to Singapore, Middle Rocks to Malaysia and South Ledge belongs to the state in the territorial waters of which it is located".<a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a><a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a> The final decision by ICJ to award Pedra Branca to Singapore was in line with the 1953 letter made by the Acting State Secretary of Johor in response to the question letter regarding Pedra Branca from the <a href="/wiki/Chief_Secretary,_Singapore" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief Secretary, Singapore">Colonial Secretary of Singapore</a>, where the Government of Johor openly stated that it did not claim ownership of Pedra Branca despite acknowledging that the old Johor Empire once ruled most of the islands in the area.<a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a><a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a> In 2017, Malaysia appealed the case of Pedra Branca based on the conditions required by the ICJ that a case could be revised within six months of discovery of facts and within ten years of the date of judgement following the discovery of several facts.<a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a> The request was dropped following internal changes in the new Malaysian administration the following year where they subsequently acknowledged Singapore's permanent sovereignty over the island while announcing plans to convert the Middle Rocks into an island.<a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a><a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Johor&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Geography">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Satellite_picture_of_Malayan_Peninsular_and_Sumatra_(extracted).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Satellite_picture_of_Malayan_Peninsular_and_Sumatra_%28extracted%29.jpg/220px-Satellite_picture_of_Malayan_Peninsular_and_Sumatra_%28extracted%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="254" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Satellite_picture_of_Malayan_Peninsular_and_Sumatra_%28extracted%29.jpg/330px-Satellite_picture_of_Malayan_Peninsular_and_Sumatra_%28extracted%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Satellite_picture_of_Malayan_Peninsular_and_Sumatra_%28extracted%29.jpg/440px-Satellite_picture_of_Malayan_Peninsular_and_Sumatra_%28extracted%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="494" data-file-height="570" /></a><figcaption>Johor is located in southern Malay Peninsula as seen from <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a> satellite image.</figcaption></figure> The total land area of Johor is nearly 19,166 square kilometres (7,400 sq mi), and it is surrounded by the South China Sea to the east, the Straits of Johor to the south and the <a href="/wiki/Strait_of_Malacca" title="Strait of Malacca">Straits of Malacca</a> to the west.<a href="#cite_note-statistics-4">[4]</a> The state has 400 kilometres (250 mi) of coastline,<a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a> of which 237.7 kilometres (147.7 mi) have been <a href="/wiki/Coastal_erosion" title="Coastal erosion">eroding</a>.<a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a> A majority of its coastline, especially on the west coast is covered with <a href="/wiki/Mangrove" title="Mangrove">mangrove</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nypa_fruticans" title="Nypa fruticans">nipah</a> forests.<a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a><a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a><a href="#cite_note-Bird2010-138">[138]</a> The east coast is dominated by sand beaches and rocky <a href="/wiki/Headland" title="Headland">headlands</a>,<a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a> while the south coast consists of a series of alternating headlands and <a href="/wiki/Bay" title="Bay">bays</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Bird2010-138">[138]</a> Its <a href="/wiki/Exclusive_economic_zone" title="Exclusive economic zone">exclusive economic zone</a> (EEZ) extends much further in the South China Sea than in the Straits of Malacca.<a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a> The western part of Johor had a considerable amount of <a href="/wiki/Peatland" title="Peatland">peatland</a>.<a href="#cite_note-AshrafOthman2017-141">[141]</a> In 2005, the state recorded 391,499,002 hectares (967,415,102 acres) of forested land, which is classified into natural inland forest, <a href="/wiki/Peat_swamp_forest" title="Peat swamp forest">peat swamp forest</a>, mangrove forest and <a href="/wiki/Mud_flat" class="mw-redirect" title="Mud flat">mud flat</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Johor_forestry-142">[142]</a> About 83% of Johor's terrain is <a href="/wiki/Lowland" class="mw-redirect" title="Lowland">lowlands</a>, while only 17% is higher and steep terrain.<a href="#cite_note-Johor_forestry-142">[142]</a> While being relatively flat, Johor is dotted with many isolated peaks known as <a href="/wiki/Inselberg" title="Inselberg">inselbergs</a>, including isolated <a href="/wiki/Massif" title="Massif">massifs</a>. <a href="/wiki/Mount_Ledang" title="Mount Ledang">Mount Ledang</a>, also known as Mount Ophir, in the district of <a href="/wiki/Tangkak_District" title="Tangkak District">Tangkak</a> and near the tripoint with <a href="/wiki/Malacca" title="Malacca">Malacca</a> and <a href="/wiki/Negeri_Sembilan" title="Negeri Sembilan">Negeri Sembilan</a>, is the state's highest point at 1,276 metres above sea level.<a href="#cite_note-143">[143]</a> Also in the state are Mount Besar, <a href="/wiki/Mount_Belumut" title="Mount Belumut">Mount Belumut</a> and Mount Panti,<a href="#cite_note-144">[144]</a> which form the southern foothills of the <a href="/wiki/Tenasserim_Hills" title="Tenasserim Hills">Tenasserim Hills</a> that extends from southern <a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a>. Since the state also lies on the <a href="/wiki/Sunda_Plate" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunda Plate">Sunda Plate</a>, it experiences tremors from nearby earthquakes in Sumatra, Indonesia.<a href="#cite_note-145">[145]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Forest_trees_in_Johor.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Forest_trees_in_Johor.jpg/220px-Forest_trees_in_Johor.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Forest_trees_in_Johor.jpg/330px-Forest_trees_in_Johor.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Forest_trees_in_Johor.jpg/440px-Forest_trees_in_Johor.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>Forest trees of Johor in <a href="/wiki/Tropical_rainforest_climate" title="Tropical rainforest climate">tropical rainforest climate</a></figcaption></figure> Much of central Johor is covered with dense forest, where an extensive network of rivers originating from mountains and <a href="/wiki/Hill" title="Hill">hills</a> in the area spreads to the west, east and south.<a href="#cite_note-146">[146]</a> On the west coast, the <a href="/wiki/Batu_Pahat_River" title="Batu Pahat River">Batu Pahat River</a>, <a href="/wiki/Muar_River" title="Muar River">Muar River</a> and Pontian River flow to the <a href="/wiki/Strait_of_Malacca" title="Strait of Malacca">Straits of Malacca</a>, while the <a href="/wiki/Johor_River" title="Johor River">Johor River</a>, Perepat River, <a href="/wiki/Pulai_River" title="Pulai River">Pulai River</a>, <a href="/wiki/Skudai_River" title="Skudai River">Skudai River</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tebrau_River" title="Tebrau River">Tebrau River</a> flow to the <a href="/wiki/Straits_of_Johor" title="Straits of Johor">Straits of Johor</a> in the south. The Endau River, <a href="/wiki/Mersing_River" title="Mersing River">Mersing River</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sedili_Besar_River" title="Sedili Besar River">Sedili Besar River</a> and Sedili Kecil River flow to the South China Sea in the east.<a href="#cite_note-Johor_forestry-142">[142]</a> The Johor River Basin covers an area of 2,690 kilometres, starting from <a href="/wiki/Mount_Belumut" title="Mount Belumut">Mount Belumut</a> (east of Kluang) and Mount Gemuruh (to the north) downstream to Tanjung Belungkor.<a href="#cite_note-Ali2018-147">[147]</a> The river originates from the Layang-Layang, Linggiu, and Sayong rivers before converging into the main river and flowing southeast to the Straits of Johor for 122.7 kilometres. Its tributaries include the Berangan River, Lebak River, Lebam River, Panti River, Pengeli River, Permandi River, Seluyut River, Semangar River, Telor River, Tembioh River, and Tiram River.<a href="#cite_note-Ali2018-147">[147]</a> Other river basins in Johor including the Ayer Baloi River, Benut River, Botak Drainage, Jemaluang River, Pontian Besar River, Sanglang River, Santi River, and <a href="/wiki/Sarang_Buaya_River" title="Sarang Buaya River">Sarang Buaya River</a>.<a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Johor&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Climate">edit</a>]</div> Johor is located in a <a href="/wiki/Tropical_geography" title="Tropical geography">tropical region</a> with an <a href="/wiki/Tropical_rainforest_climate" title="Tropical rainforest climate">equatorial climate</a>. Both the temperature and humidity are consistently high throughout the year with heavy rainfall. Average monthly temperatures between 26 °C (79 °F) and 28 °C (82 °F), with the lowest recorded during the rainy seasons.<a href="#cite_note-Johor_forestry-142">[142]</a> The west coast receives an average of between 2,000 millimetres and 2,500 millimetres of rain, while in the east the average rainfall is higher, with <a href="/wiki/Endau" title="Endau">Endau</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pengerang" title="Pengerang">Pengerang</a> receiving more than 3,400 millimetres of rain a year. The state experiences two <a href="/wiki/Monsoon" title="Monsoon">monsoon</a> seasons, the northeast and southwest seasons; the northeast occurs from November until March while the southeast occurs from May until September, and the transitional months for the monsoon seasons are April and November.<a href="#cite_note-Johor_forestry-142">[142]</a> The state experienced <a href="/wiki/2006%E2%80%9307_Southeast_Asian_floods" class="mw-redirect" title="2006–07 Southeast Asian floods">extreme flooding</a> from December 2006 to January 2007 with around 60,000–70,000 of the state residents evacuated to an emergency shelter.<a href="#cite_note-149">[149]</a><a href="#cite_note-150">[150]</a> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Johor Bahru (<a href="/wiki/Senai_International_Airport" title="Senai International Airport">Senai International Airport</a>, 2016–2023) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF4400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.6 (88.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF3F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.3 (90.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF3900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.2 (91.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF3700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.4 (92.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF3900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.1 (91.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF4100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.0 (89.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF4100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.0 (89.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF4000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.1 (89.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF4000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.2 (90.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF3E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.4 (90.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF4100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.0 (89.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF4200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.8 (89.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF3F00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">32.3 (90.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF7B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.6 (74.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF7C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.5 (74.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF7900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.8 (74.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF7600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.3 (75.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF7300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.7 (76.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF7600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.3 (75.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF7700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.1 (75.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF7800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.0 (75.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF7900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.8 (74.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF7800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.0 (75.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF7900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.9 (75.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF7900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.9 (75.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF7800; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">24.0 (75.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #0CFF0C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">162.6 (6.40) </td> <td style="background: #1AFF1A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">139.8 (5.50) </td> <td style="background: #00CE00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">203.4 (8.01) </td> <td style="background: #009700; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">232.8 (9.17) </td> <td style="background: #00BD00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">215.3 (8.48) </td> <td style="background: #1AFF1A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">148.1 (5.83) </td> <td style="background: #00F600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">177.0 (6.97) </td> <td style="background: #00E800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">185.9 (7.32) </td> <td style="background: #00D800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">190.8 (7.51) </td> <td style="background: #00B900; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">217.7 (8.57) </td> <td style="background: #009000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">237.6 (9.35) </td> <td style="background: #009100; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">244.5 (9.63) </td> <td style="background: #00D400; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">2,355.5 (92.74) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) </th> <td style="background: #7777FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11 </td> <td style="background: #8585FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9 </td> <td style="background: #5E5EFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13 </td> <td style="background: #3F3FFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">15 </td> <td style="background: #4545FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">15 </td> <td style="background: #6666FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12 </td> <td style="background: #5E5EFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13 </td> <td style="background: #5E5EFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13 </td> <td style="background: #5959FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13 </td> <td style="background: #3939FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">16 </td> <td style="background: #2626FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">17 </td> <td style="background: #4545FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">15 </td> <td style="background: #5555FF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">162 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 1: Meteomanz<a href="#cite_note-Meteomanz-151">[151]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 2: <a href="/wiki/World_Meteorological_Organisation" class="mw-redirect" title="World Meteorological Organisation">World Meteorological Organisation</a> (precipitation 1974–2000)<a href="#cite_note-WMO-152">[152]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerycaption">Landscapes of Johor</li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Gunung_Ledang_from_the_road.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mount Ophir"><img alt="Mount Ophir" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Gunung_Ledang_from_the_road.jpg/240px-Gunung_Ledang_from_the_road.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Gunung_Ledang_from_the_road.jpg/360px-Gunung_Ledang_from_the_road.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Gunung_Ledang_from_the_road.jpg/480px-Gunung_Ledang_from_the_road.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Mount_Ophir" class="mw-redirect" title="Mount Ophir">Mount Ophir</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Rawa_Island,_Johor,_Malaysia.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Rawa Island beach"><img alt="Rawa Island beach" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Rawa_Island%2C_Johor%2C_Malaysia.jpg/270px-Rawa_Island%2C_Johor%2C_Malaysia.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Rawa_Island%2C_Johor%2C_Malaysia.jpg/405px-Rawa_Island%2C_Johor%2C_Malaysia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Rawa_Island%2C_Johor%2C_Malaysia.jpg/540px-Rawa_Island%2C_Johor%2C_Malaysia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Rawa_Island" title="Rawa Island">Rawa Island</a> beach</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 213.33333333333px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Sunrise_over_a_palm_plantation_in_Johor,_Malaysia.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sunrise over a palm oil plantation"><img alt="Sunrise over a palm oil plantation" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Sunrise_over_a_palm_plantation_in_Johor%2C_Malaysia.jpg/320px-Sunrise_over_a_palm_plantation_in_Johor%2C_Malaysia.jpg" decoding="async" width="214" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Sunrise_over_a_palm_plantation_in_Johor%2C_Malaysia.jpg/480px-Sunrise_over_a_palm_plantation_in_Johor%2C_Malaysia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Sunrise_over_a_palm_plantation_in_Johor%2C_Malaysia.jpg/640px-Sunrise_over_a_palm_plantation_in_Johor%2C_Malaysia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="576" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Sunrise over a palm oil plantation</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180.66666666667px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Waterfall_in_Belumut_Mountain,_Kluang,_Johor,_Malaysia.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Waterfall in Mount Belumut"><img alt="Waterfall in Mount Belumut" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Waterfall_in_Belumut_Mountain%2C_Kluang%2C_Johor%2C_Malaysia.jpg/271px-Waterfall_in_Belumut_Mountain%2C_Kluang%2C_Johor%2C_Malaysia.jpg" decoding="async" width="181" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Waterfall_in_Belumut_Mountain%2C_Kluang%2C_Johor%2C_Malaysia.jpg/407px-Waterfall_in_Belumut_Mountain%2C_Kluang%2C_Johor%2C_Malaysia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Waterfall_in_Belumut_Mountain%2C_Kluang%2C_Johor%2C_Malaysia.jpg/542px-Waterfall_in_Belumut_Mountain%2C_Kluang%2C_Johor%2C_Malaysia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Waterfall in <a href="/wiki/Mount_Belumut" title="Mount Belumut">Mount Belumut</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Biodiversity">Biodiversity</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Johor&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Biodiversity">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Protected_areas_of_Johor" title="Protected areas of Johor">Protected areas of Johor</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tiger_Shrike_(Lanius_tigrinus)_female_-_Flickr_-_Lip_Kee.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Tiger_Shrike_%28Lanius_tigrinus%29_female_-_Flickr_-_Lip_Kee.jpg/220px-Tiger_Shrike_%28Lanius_tigrinus%29_female_-_Flickr_-_Lip_Kee.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Tiger_Shrike_%28Lanius_tigrinus%29_female_-_Flickr_-_Lip_Kee.jpg/330px-Tiger_Shrike_%28Lanius_tigrinus%29_female_-_Flickr_-_Lip_Kee.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Tiger_Shrike_%28Lanius_tigrinus%29_female_-_Flickr_-_Lip_Kee.jpg/440px-Tiger_Shrike_%28Lanius_tigrinus%29_female_-_Flickr_-_Lip_Kee.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption>A female <a href="/wiki/Tiger_shrike" title="Tiger shrike">tiger shrike</a> (Lanius tigrinus) in Panti Forest</figcaption></figure> The jungles of Johor host a diverse array of plant and animal species, with an estimated 950 <a href="/wiki/Vertebrate" title="Vertebrate">vertebrates</a> species, comprising 200 mammals, 600 birds and 150 reptiles, along with 2,080 <a href="/wiki/Invertebrate" title="Invertebrate">invertebrate</a> species.<a href="#cite_note-Johor_forestry-142">[142]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Endau-Rompin_National_Park" title="Endau-Rompin National Park">Endau-Rompin National Park</a> is the largest <a href="/wiki/National_park" title="National park">national park</a> in the state, covering an area of 48,905 hectares (120,847 acres) in northern Johor; its name comes from the Endau and Rompin rivers that flow through the park.<a href="#cite_note-153">[153]</a> There are two entry points for the park, one through Peta with an area of 19,562 hectares (48,339 acres) (about 40% of the total area) with entrance from <a href="/wiki/Kahang" title="Kahang">Kahang</a> in the Mersing District and the other at Kampung Selai with an area of 29,343 hectares (72,508 acres) (about 60% of the total area) with entrance from <a href="/wiki/Bekok" title="Bekok">Bekok</a> in Segamat District.<a href="#cite_note-154">[154]</a><a href="#cite_note-Selai-155">[155]</a> Destinations in Peta including the Buaya Sangkut Waterfalls, Upeh Guling Waterfalls, Air Biru Lake, Janing Barat, Nature Education and Research Centre (NERC), Kuala Jasin and Peta indigenous village, while in Selai the area is mostly for hiking and <a href="/wiki/Backpacking_(wilderness)" class="mw-redirect" title="Backpacking (wilderness)">jungle trekking</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Selai-155">[155]</a><a href="#cite_note-156">[156]</a> Some mammal species found in the park include the <a href="/wiki/Asian_elephant" title="Asian elephant">Asian elephant</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clouded_leopard" title="Clouded leopard">clouded leopard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malayan_sun_bear" title="Malayan sun bear">Malayan sun bear</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malayan_tapir" title="Malayan tapir">Malayan tapir</a> and <a href="/wiki/Malayan_tiger" title="Malayan tiger">Malayan tiger</a>.<a href="#cite_note-157">[157]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Grey_Heron_in_Johor.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Grey_Heron_in_Johor.jpg/220px-Grey_Heron_in_Johor.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Grey_Heron_in_Johor.jpg/330px-Grey_Heron_in_Johor.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Grey_Heron_in_Johor.jpg/440px-Grey_Heron_in_Johor.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Heron" title="Heron">Heron</a> in a swamp of Johor</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Gunung_Ledang_National_Park" title="Gunung Ledang National Park">Gunung Ledang National Park</a> in western Johor, was established in 2005 with an area of 8,611 hectares (21,278 acres).<a href="#cite_note-gunung_ledang_national_park-158">[158]</a> It has various rivers and streams, waterfalls, diverse rainforest, <a href="/wiki/Pine" title="Pine">pines</a>, and sub-<a href="/wiki/Montane_forest" class="mw-redirect" title="Montane forest">montane forest</a>, and the Tangkak Dam can also be seen from the park area. Several trails for hiking are available, such as the Asahan Trail, Ayer Panas Trail, Jementah Trail and Lagenda Trail.<a href="#cite_note-gunung_ledang_national_park-158">[158]</a> The state's only <a href="/wiki/Marine_park" title="Marine park">marine park</a>, the Sultan Iskandar Park, is located off the east coast and is made up of 13 islands in six clusters, <a href="/wiki/Aur_Island" title="Aur Island">Aur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Besar_Island,_Johor" title="Besar Island, Johor">Besar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pemanggil_Island" title="Pemanggil Island">Pemanggil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rawa_Island" title="Rawa Island">Rawa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sibu_Island" title="Sibu Island">Sibu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tinggi_Island" title="Tinggi Island">Tinggi</a>, with an area of more than 8,000 hectares (19,768 acres).<a href="#cite_note-159">[159]</a><a href="#cite_note-160">[160]</a> In 2003, three <a href="/wiki/Wetland" title="Wetland">wetlands</a> in southern Johor comprising <a href="/wiki/Kukup_Island" title="Kukup Island">Kukup Island</a>, Pulai River and <a href="/wiki/Tanjung_Piai" title="Tanjung Piai">Tanjung Piai</a> were designated as a <a href="/wiki/Ramsar_site" title="Ramsar site">Ramsar site</a>.<a href="#cite_note-161">[161]</a> Tanjung Piai covers an area of 526 hectares (1,300 acres) of mangroves and another 400 hectares (988 acres) of inter-tidal <a href="/wiki/Mudflat" title="Mudflat">mudflats</a>,<a href="#cite_note-162">[162]</a> Pulai River with 9,126.0 hectares (22,551 acres)<a href="#cite_note-163">[163]</a> and Kukup Island with 647 hectares (1,599 acres) surrounded by some 800 hectares (1,977 acres) of mudflats.<a href="#cite_note-164">[164]</a> The Pulai River became a <a href="/wiki/Seahorse" title="Seahorse">seahorse</a> sanctuary and hatchery as part of the state biodiversity masterplan, since Johor's waters are home to three of the eight seahorse species found in Malaysia.<a href="#cite_note-165">[165]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sarang_Buaya.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Sarang_Buaya.jpg/220px-Sarang_Buaya.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Sarang_Buaya.jpg/330px-Sarang_Buaya.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Sarang_Buaya.jpg/440px-Sarang_Buaya.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a><figcaption>Crocodile sanctuary in <a href="/wiki/Pasir_Gudang" title="Pasir Gudang">Pasir Gudang</a>.</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Poaching" title="Poaching">Poaching</a> is a concern, with the number of wild animals in state parks decreasing with the rise of hunting and fishing in the 2000s.<a href="#cite_note-166">[166]</a> In 2004, local authorities uncovered large-scale <a href="/wiki/Sandalwood" title="Sandalwood">sandalwood</a> (gaharu) poaching by foreigners in the Endau-Rompin National Park with a large number of protected plant species being confiscated from the suspects.<a href="#cite_note-167">[167]</a> The conversion of mangrove areas along the southern and eastern coasts for use in <a href="/wiki/Aquaculture" title="Aquaculture">aquaculture</a> projects, <a href="/wiki/Sand_mining" title="Sand mining">sand mining</a> and rapid <a href="/wiki/Urbanisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Urbanisation">urbanisation</a> in addition to the abnormal weather patterns caused by <a href="/wiki/Climate_change" title="Climate change">climate change</a> and rising sea levels are contributing to the <a href="/wiki/Coastal_erosion" title="Coastal erosion">erosion</a> of the state's coastline.<a href="#cite_note-168">[168]</a> It has also been discovered that some 68,468 hectares (169,188 acres) of peatland soils in western Johor have been planted with <a href="/wiki/Palm_oil" title="Palm oil">palm oil</a> plantations.<a href="#cite_note-AshrafOthman2017-141">[141]</a> In 2017, around 28 rivers in the state were categorised as polluted,<a href="#cite_note-169">[169]</a> leading the authorities and government to push for legislative change and sterner action against river polluters, especially since severe pollution has disrupted the <a href="/wiki/Water_supply" title="Water supply">water supply</a> to an estimated 1.8 million people in the state.<a href="#cite_note-170">[170]</a><a href="#cite_note-171">[171]</a> The <a href="/wiki/2019_Kim_Kim_River_toxic_pollution" title="2019 Kim Kim River toxic pollution">2019 Kim Kim River toxic pollution</a> affected 6,000 residents of the industrial area of Pasir Gudang with 2,775 being hospitalised.<a href="#cite_note-172">[172]</a><a href="#cite_note-173">[173]</a> <a href="/wiki/Wildfire" title="Wildfire">Forest fires</a> have also become a concern with more than 380 recorded throughout the state in 2016.<a href="#cite_note-174">[174]</a><a href="#cite_note-175">[175]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Johor&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Economy">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Johor" title="Economy of Johor">Economy of Johor</a></div> <div class="PieChartTemplate thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px"> <div class="mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white;margin:auto;position:relative;width:200px;height:200px;overflow:hidden;border-radius:100px;border:1px solid black;transform:scaleX(-1)rotate(-90deg)"> <div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 15915.284869129px; border-left-color:#8B0000"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:#8B0000"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:#8B0000"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 791.58150883059px; border-left-color:#808000"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:#808000"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:#808000"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 162.04028779102px; border-left-color:#008000"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:#008000"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:#008000"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 17.12924167024px; border-left-color:#800080"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:#800080"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:#800080"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:0; border-width:0 542.7229163742px 100px 0; border-right-color:#000080"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;right:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 100px 0;border-color:#000080"></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> Johor GDP Share by Sector (2016)<a href="#cite_note-176">[176]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Services (47.1%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Manufacturing (30.6%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Agriculture (13.5%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Construction (6.8%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Import Duties (1.9%)</div> </div> </div></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tanjungpelepas.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Tanjungpelepas.jpg/220px-Tanjungpelepas.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="114" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Tanjungpelepas.jpg/330px-Tanjungpelepas.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Tanjungpelepas.jpg/440px-Tanjungpelepas.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2144" data-file-height="1108" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Shipping_container" title="Shipping container">Shipping container</a> in <a href="/wiki/Tanjung_Pelepas_Port" class="mw-redirect" title="Tanjung Pelepas Port">Tanjung Pelepas Port</a></figcaption></figure> Johor's economy is mainly based on the <a href="/wiki/Tertiary_sector_of_the_economy" title="Tertiary sector of the economy">tertiary sector</a>, namely services, manufacturing, agriculture, construction, etc.<a href="#cite_note-177">[177]</a><a href="#cite_note-178">[178]</a> <a href="/wiki/Johor_Corporation" title="Johor Corporation">Johor Corporation</a> (JCorp) is a <a href="/wiki/State-owned_enterprise" title="State-owned enterprise">state-owned</a> <a href="/wiki/Conglomerate_(company)" title="Conglomerate (company)">conglomerate</a> involved in various business activities in the state and overseas.<a href="#cite_note-179">[179]</a><a href="#cite_note-180">[180]</a> In 2017, the <a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">gross domestic product</a> (GDP) of Johor was RM104.4 billion, the third highest among Malaysian states after Selangor and Sarawak, while the <a href="/wiki/Median_income" title="Median income">median income</a> was RM5,652 and the <a href="/wiki/Unemployment" title="Unemployment">unemployment</a> rate was 3.6 percent.<a href="#cite_note-diversification-181">[181]</a> The year before, the <a href="/wiki/Economic_growth" title="Economic growth">economic growth</a> rate of the state was 5.7 percent and accounted for 9.4 percent of Malaysia's GDP, with <a href="/wiki/Income_per_capita" class="mw-redirect" title="Income per capita">GDP per capita</a> at RM31,952.<a href="#cite_note-182">[182]</a> The state has a total workforce of 1.639 million people.<a href="#cite_note-state_economic_planning_data-183">[183]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Legoland_Malaysia_Resort.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Legoland_Malaysia_Resort.jpg/220px-Legoland_Malaysia_Resort.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Legoland_Malaysia_Resort.jpg/330px-Legoland_Malaysia_Resort.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Legoland_Malaysia_Resort.jpg/440px-Legoland_Malaysia_Resort.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Legoland_Malaysia_Resort" title="Legoland Malaysia Resort">Legoland Malaysia Resort</a> opened in 2012<a href="#cite_note-184">[184]</a><a href="#cite_note-185">[185]</a></figcaption></figure> Prior to economic diversification, the <a href="/wiki/Secondary_sector_of_the_economy" title="Secondary sector of the economy">secondary sector</a> dominated the Johorean economy.<a href="#cite_note-diversification-181">[181]</a><a href="#cite_note-186">[186]</a> Johor continues to have a high level of manufacturing investment.<a href="#cite_note-187">[187]</a> From 2013 to 2017, there was a total of RM114.9 billion worth of investment in manufacturing in the state.<a href="#cite_note-188">[188]</a> In 2017, RM16.8 billion came from domestic direct investment and RM5.1 billion came from foreign direct investment, with Australia, China and the United States being the top three foreign investors in manufacturing.<a href="#cite_note-189">[189]</a> The total industrial area in the state as of 2015 was 144 km2 (56 sq mi) or 0.75 percent of the land in Johor.<a href="#cite_note-Johor_town_planning-112">[112]</a> In 2000, the largest industries in Johor were <a href="/wiki/Metal_fabrication" title="Metal fabrication">metal fabrication</a> and machinery industries, accounting for 27.6 perrcent of all manufacturing industries in the state, followed by chemical products, <a href="/wiki/Petroleum" title="Petroleum">petroleum</a> and <a href="/wiki/Natural_rubber" title="Natural rubber">rubber</a> industries (20.1 percent) and wooden products and <a href="/wiki/Furniture" title="Furniture">furniture</a> (14.1 percent).<a href="#cite_note-Johor_town_planning-112">[112]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Intergrasi_antara_nanas_dan_kelapa_sawit.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Intergrasi_antara_nanas_dan_kelapa_sawit.JPG/220px-Intergrasi_antara_nanas_dan_kelapa_sawit.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Intergrasi_antara_nanas_dan_kelapa_sawit.JPG/330px-Intergrasi_antara_nanas_dan_kelapa_sawit.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Intergrasi_antara_nanas_dan_kelapa_sawit.JPG/440px-Intergrasi_antara_nanas_dan_kelapa_sawit.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2205" data-file-height="1408" /></a><figcaption>Palm oil and pineapple plantation in <a href="/wiki/Rengit" title="Rengit">Rengit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Batu_Pahat_District" title="Batu Pahat District">Batu Pahat District</a>.</figcaption></figure> The Iskandar Development Region and South Johor Economic Region (<a href="/wiki/Iskandar_Malaysia" title="Iskandar Malaysia">Iskandar Malaysia</a>), encompassing the city centre of Johor Bahru, Iskandar Puteri, Kulai District, <a href="/wiki/Pasir_Gudang" title="Pasir Gudang">Pasir Gudang</a> and South Pontian, is a major development zone in the state with an area of 221,634 hectares (2,216.34 km2).<a href="#cite_note-190">[190]</a><a href="#cite_note-iskandar_malaysia-191">[191]</a> Southern Johor focuses on <a href="/wiki/Trade" title="Trade">trading</a> and services; western Johor focuses on manufacturing, business and modern <a href="/wiki/Farming" class="mw-redirect" title="Farming">farming</a>; eastern Johor focuses on <a href="/wiki/Ecotourism" title="Ecotourism">ecotourism</a>; and central Johor focuses on both ecotourism and the primary sector economy.<a href="#cite_note-state_economic_planning_data-183">[183]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pontian_Farmers%27_Market.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Pontian_Farmers%27_Market.jpg/220px-Pontian_Farmers%27_Market.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Pontian_Farmers%27_Market.jpg/330px-Pontian_Farmers%27_Market.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Pontian_Farmers%27_Market.jpg/440px-Pontian_Farmers%27_Market.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a><figcaption>A farmers' market in <a href="/wiki/Pontian_Kechil" title="Pontian Kechil">Pontian Kechil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pontian_District" title="Pontian District">Pontian District</a></figcaption></figure> The main agricultural sectors in the state are <a href="/wiki/Palm_oil" title="Palm oil">palm oil</a> plantations, rubber plantations, and <a href="/wiki/Produce" title="Produce">produce</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Johor_town_planning-112">[112]</a> In 2015, land area used for agriculture in Johor covered 11,555 km2 (4,461 sq mi), 60.15 percent of the state, with other plantations including <a href="/wiki/Herb" title="Herb">herbs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Spice" title="Spice">spices</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Johor_town_planning-112">[112]</a><a href="#cite_note-Johor_plantation_statistics-192">[192]</a> In 2016, palm oil plantations covered 7,456 km2 (2,879 sq mi) (38.8 percent of the total land area), making it the third largest <a href="/wiki/Palm_oil_production_in_Malaysia" title="Palm oil production in Malaysia">plantation area</a> in Malaysia after <a href="/wiki/Sabah" title="Sabah">Sabah</a> and Sarawak.<a href="#cite_note-193">[193]</a> Farmers' markets (<a href="/wiki/Malay_language" title="Malay language">Malay</a>: pasar peladang) are used to distribute the agricultural produces which are located around the state.<a href="#cite_note-194">[194]</a> Johor is the biggest fruit producer in Malaysia, with a total fruit plantation area of 414 km2 (160 sq mi) and total harvesting area of 305 km2 (118 sq mi). Approximately 532,249 tons of fruit was produced in 2016, with Segamat District having the largest major fruit plantation and harvesting area in the state with a total area of 111 km2 (43 sq mi) and 66 km2 (25 sq mi), respectively, while Kluang District had the highest total fruit production at 163,714 tons. In the same year, Johor was the second biggest producer of vegetables among Malaysian states after Pahang, with a total vegetable plantation area of 154 km2 (59 sq mi) and a total harvesting area of 143 km2 (55 sq mi). Kluang District also had the largest vegetable plantation and harvesting areas, with a total area of 36 km2 (14 sq mi), and the highest total vegetable production at 60,102 tons.<a href="#cite_note-Johor_plantation_statistics-192">[192]</a> Johor benefits from Singaporean investors and tourists due to its close proximity to Singapore.<a href="#cite_note-Johor_economy-108">[108]</a><a href="#cite_note-195">[195]</a><a href="#cite_note-196">[196]</a> From 1990 to 1992, approved Singaporean investments in Johor amounted to about US$500 million in 272 projects.<a href="#cite_note-197">[197]</a> In 1994, the investment from Singapore was nearly 40% of the state's total foreign investment. The state also had a policy of "twinning with Singapore" to promote their industrial development, which increased the movement of people and <a href="/wiki/Goods" title="Goods">goods</a> between the two.<a href="#cite_note-198">[198]</a><a href="#cite_note-199">[199]</a><a href="#cite_note-200">[200]</a> The close economic links between the two began with the establishment of the <a href="/wiki/Indonesia%E2%80%93Malaysia%E2%80%93Singapore_Growth_Triangle" class="mw-redirect" title="Indonesia–Malaysia–Singapore Growth Triangle">Indonesia–Malaysia–Singapore Growth Triangle</a> (SIJORI Growth Triangle) in 1989.<a href="#cite_note-201">[201]</a> In 2014, major foreign countries investing in Johor were Singapore (RM6.7 billion), the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> (RM5.4 billion), <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> (RM4.6 billion), the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a> (RM3.1 billion), <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> (RM1.37 billion) and smaller amounts from countries such as Indonesia, <a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> and <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, with the state received RM7.9 billion worth of <a href="/wiki/Foreign_direct_investment" title="Foreign direct investment">foreign direct investment</a> (FDI), the second highest among all states in Malaysia after <a href="/wiki/Sarawak" title="Sarawak">Sarawak</a>.<a href="#cite_note-202">[202]</a> Major foreign companies with FDI in the state come from the United Kingdom, South Korea, and China.<a href="#cite_note-diversification-181">[181]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Medical_tourism_in_Malaysia" title="Medical tourism in Malaysia">medical tourism</a> industry has grown with the arrival of 27,500 medical tourists in 2012 and 33,700 in 2014.<a href="#cite_note-203">[203]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Infrastructure">Infrastructure</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Johor&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Infrastructure">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Puteri_Harbour_in_Johor,_Malaysia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Puteri_Harbour_in_Johor%2C_Malaysia.jpg/220px-Puteri_Harbour_in_Johor%2C_Malaysia.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Puteri_Harbour_in_Johor%2C_Malaysia.jpg/330px-Puteri_Harbour_in_Johor%2C_Malaysia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Puteri_Harbour_in_Johor%2C_Malaysia.jpg/440px-Puteri_Harbour_in_Johor%2C_Malaysia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Puteri Harbour Family Park landscapes</figcaption></figure> The Johor Department of Economy Planning is responsible for all public infrastructure planning and development in the state,<a href="#cite_note-204">[204]</a> while the Landscape Department is responsible for the state's landscape development.<a href="#cite_note-205">[205]</a> Since the <a href="/wiki/Ninth_Malaysia_Plan" title="Ninth Malaysia Plan">Ninth Malaysia Plan</a>, the Johor Southern Corridor has been a focus for development.<a href="#cite_note-206">[206]</a> In 2010, the total state land used for <a href="/wiki/Commercial_building" class="mw-redirect" title="Commercial building">commercial buildings</a> was 21.53 km2 (8.31 sq mi), with <a href="/wiki/Johor_Bahru_District" title="Johor Bahru District">Johor Bahru District</a> accounting for 12.99 km2 (5.02 sq mi) or 63.5%.<a href="#cite_note-johor_data_handbook-207">[207]</a> Since 2012, around RM2.63 billion has been allocated by the federal and state governments for 33 infrastructure projects in Pengerang in southeastern Johor.<a href="#cite_note-208">[208]</a> The 2015 state budget included spending more than RM500 million for development in the following year – the highest amount ever allocated.<a href="#cite_note-209">[209]</a> The state government also ensured that infrastructure and development projects would be fairly distributed to all districts in the state,<a href="#cite_note-210">[210]</a> with six focus areas outlined in the state government's strategic development plan in 2018.<a href="#cite_note-211">[211]</a> In the same year, the federal government allocated RM250 million for three infrastructure projects to improve connectivity and accessibility within the state capital.<a href="#cite_note-212">[212]</a> Following the recent change in the state government administration, the new government also pledged to provide better infrastructure for investors by improving the road network, providing an adequate water supply for factories and building sub-stations for electricity generation while rejecting foreign companies after discovering a foreign investor who claimed to use green technology to hide that he intended to use Johor as a waste disposal site.<a href="#cite_note-213">[213]</a><a href="#cite_note-214">[214]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Energy_and_water_resources">Energy and water resources</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Johor&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Energy and water resources">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Empty_Singapore-Malaysia_Causeway.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Empty_Singapore-Malaysia_Causeway.jpg/220px-Empty_Singapore-Malaysia_Causeway.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Empty_Singapore-Malaysia_Causeway.jpg/330px-Empty_Singapore-Malaysia_Causeway.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Empty_Singapore-Malaysia_Causeway.jpg/440px-Empty_Singapore-Malaysia_Causeway.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7292" data-file-height="4864" /></a><figcaption>Johor Bahru city centre at dusk</figcaption></figure> Electricity distribution in the state is managed by <a href="/wiki/Tenaga_Nasional" title="Tenaga Nasional">Tenaga Nasional</a> Berhad. Most electricity is generated by <a href="/wiki/Coal_power_plant" class="mw-redirect" title="Coal power plant">coal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fossil_fuel_power_station" title="Fossil fuel power station">gas-fired plants</a>. The coal power plant had a capacity of 700 <a href="/wiki/Megawatt" class="mw-redirect" title="Megawatt">MW</a> in 2007 and 3,100 MW in 2016, which originated from the Tanjung Bin Power Station in Pontian.<a href="#cite_note-215">[215]</a><a href="#cite_note-216">[216]</a><a href="#cite_note-217">[217]</a> Two gas-fired plants, Pasir Gudang Power Station with 210 MW and <a href="/wiki/Sultan_Iskandar_Power_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Sultan Iskandar Power Station">Sultan Iskandar Power Station</a> with 269 MW, are located in Pasir Gudang.<a href="#cite_note-capacity-218">[218]</a><a href="#cite_note-219">[219]</a> The Pasir Gudang Power Station was retired from the system in 2016.<a href="#cite_note-capacity-218">[218]</a> The state government has been planning to construct <a href="/wiki/Hydropower" title="Hydropower">hydropower</a> and <a href="/wiki/Combined_cycle" class="mw-redirect" title="Combined cycle">combined cycle</a> power plants since 2015 and 2018 respectively.<a href="#cite_note-220">[220]</a><a href="#cite_note-221">[221]</a> A new combined cycle power plant was constructed on a greenfield site near the old decommissioned power plants in Pasir Gudang, named the Sultan Ibrahim Power Plant.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] All water supply pipes in the state are managed by the Water Regulatory Bodies of Johor, with a total of 11 reservoirs: Congok, Gunung Ledang, Gunung Pulai 1, Gunung Pulai 2, Gunung Pulai 3, Juaseh, Layang Lower, Layang Upper, Lebam, Linggiu and Pontian Kechil.<a href="#cite_note-222">[222]</a><a href="#cite_note-223">[223]</a> The state also supplies <a href="/wiki/Raw_water" title="Raw water">raw water</a> to Singapore for RM0.03 for every 3.8 cubic metres (1,000 US gal) drawn from Johor rivers. In return, the Johor state government pays the Singaporean government 50 cents (RM0.50) for every 3.8 cubic metres of treated water from Singapore.<a href="#cite_note-224">[224]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Telecommunication_and_broadcasting">Telecommunication and broadcasting</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Johor&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Telecommunication and broadcasting">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mahmodiah_Village.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Mahmodiah_Village.jpg/220px-Mahmodiah_Village.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Mahmodiah_Village.jpg/330px-Mahmodiah_Village.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Mahmodiah_Village.jpg/440px-Mahmodiah_Village.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1984" data-file-height="1488" /></a><figcaption>A village in Johor with a <a href="/wiki/Telephone_line" title="Telephone line">telephone line</a></figcaption></figure> Telecommunications in Johor were originally administered by the Posts and Telecommunication Department and maintained by the British <a href="/wiki/Cable_%26_Wireless_Communications" title="Cable & Wireless Communications">Cable & Wireless Communications</a>, which was responsible for all telecommunication services in Malaya.<a href="#cite_note-225">[225]</a><a href="#cite_note-telecom_merged-226">[226]</a> During this time, a <a href="/wiki/Tropospheric_scatter" title="Tropospheric scatter">troposcatter</a> system was installed on Mount Pulai in Johor and Mount Serapi in Sarawak to connect radio signals between <a href="/wiki/British_Malaya" title="British Malaya">British Malaya</a> and <a href="/wiki/British_Borneo" title="British Borneo">British Borneo</a>, the only such system for both territories to allow simultaneous transmission of radio programs to North Borneo and Sarawak.<a href="#cite_note-227">[227]</a> In 1968, following the foundation of the Federation of Malaysia, the telecommunication departments in Malaya and Borneo merged to form the Telecommunications Department Malaysia, which later became <a href="/wiki/Telekom_Malaysia" title="Telekom Malaysia">Telekom Malaysia</a> (TM).<a href="#cite_note-telecom_merged-226">[226]</a> Early in 1964, <a href="/wiki/Ericsson" title="Ericsson">Ericsson</a> –a Nordic telecommunication company– began operating in the country. Following the first <a href="/wiki/AXE_telephone_exchange" title="AXE telephone exchange">AXE telephone exchange</a> in Southeast Asia that went online in Pelangi in 1980, TM was provided with the first mobile telephone network, named ATUR, in 1984.<a href="#cite_note-228">[228]</a> Since then, the Malaysia's cellular network has expanded rapidly.<a href="#cite_note-229">[229]</a> From 2013 until 2017, the state mobile-cellular penetration rate has reached 100%, with 11.3% to 11.5% of the population using the internet.<a href="#cite_note-230">[230]</a><a href="#cite_note-231">[231]</a> In 2018, the state internet speed was 10 <a href="/wiki/Mbps" class="mw-redirect" title="Mbps">Mbps</a> with the government urging the <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Communications_and_Multimedia_Commission" title="Malaysian Communications and Multimedia Commission">Malaysian Communications and Multimedia Commission</a> to develop high-speed Internet infrastructure to reach 100 Mbit/s to match the state's current rapid development.<a href="#cite_note-232">[232]</a> The Malaysian federal government operates one radio channel – <a href="/wiki/Johor_FM" title="Johor FM">Johor FM</a> through its Department of Broadcasting, officially known as <a href="/wiki/Radio_Televisyen_Malaysia" title="Radio Televisyen Malaysia">Radio Televisyen Malaysia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-233">[233]</a> There is one independent radio station, <a href="/wiki/Best_FM_(Malaysia)" title="Best FM (Malaysia)">Best FM</a>, which launched in 1988.<a href="#cite_note-234">[234]</a> Television broadcasting in the state is divided into <a href="/wiki/Terrestrial_television" title="Terrestrial television">terrestrial</a> and <a href="/wiki/Satellite_television" title="Satellite television">satellite television</a>. There are two types of <a href="/wiki/Free-to-air" title="Free-to-air">free-to-air</a> television providers, <a href="/wiki/MYTV_Broadcasting" title="MYTV Broadcasting">MYTV Broadcasting</a> (digital terrestrial) and <a href="/wiki/Astro_NJOI" title="Astro NJOI">Astro NJOI</a> (satellite), while <a href="/wiki/IPTV" class="mw-redirect" title="IPTV">IPTV</a> is accessed via <a href="/wiki/Unifi_TV" title="Unifi TV">Unifi TV</a> through the UniFi fibre optic internet subscription.<a href="#cite_note-235">[235]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transportation">Transportation</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Johor&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Transportation">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Roads">Roads</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Johor&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Roads">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tebrau_Highway,_Johor_Bahru_(121629286).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Tebrau_Highway%2C_Johor_Bahru_%28121629286%29.jpg/220px-Tebrau_Highway%2C_Johor_Bahru_%28121629286%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Tebrau_Highway%2C_Johor_Bahru_%28121629286%29.jpg/330px-Tebrau_Highway%2C_Johor_Bahru_%28121629286%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Tebrau_Highway%2C_Johor_Bahru_%28121629286%29.jpg/440px-Tebrau_Highway%2C_Johor_Bahru_%28121629286%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Johor_Bahru%E2%80%93Kota_Tinggi_Highway" title="Johor Bahru–Kota Tinggi Highway">Tebrau Highway</a> leading to the city centre, part of <a href="/wiki/Malaysia_Federal_Route_3" title="Malaysia Federal Route 3">Federal Route 3</a></figcaption></figure> The state is linked to the other Malaysian states and federal territories on the western coast through the <a href="/wiki/North%E2%80%93South_Expressway_(Malaysia)" title="North–South Expressway (Malaysia)">North–South Expressway</a> and on the eastern coast through <a href="/wiki/Malaysia_Federal_Route_3" title="Malaysia Federal Route 3">Malaysia Federal Route 3</a>. Since British colonial times, there has been a road system linking Johor's capital in the southern Malay Peninsula to <a href="/wiki/Kangar" title="Kangar">Kangar</a> in the north and <a href="/wiki/Kota_Bharu" title="Kota Bharu">Kota Bharu</a> on the east coast.<a href="#cite_note-road_networks-236">[236]</a> The roads in Johor are classified into two categories; 2,369 kilometres (1,472 mi) are <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Federal_Roads_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Malaysian Federal Roads system">federal roads</a> while 19,329 kilometres (12,010 mi) are <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_State_Roads_system" title="Malaysian State Roads system">state roads</a>, as of 2016.<a href="#cite_note-road_networks-236">[236]</a><a href="#cite_note-237">[237]</a> Johor uses a <a href="/wiki/Dual_carriageway" title="Dual carriageway">dual carriageway</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Left-_and_right-hand_traffic" title="Left- and right-hand traffic">left-hand traffic rule</a>, and towns in the state provide public transportation services such as buses and taxis along with <a href="/wiki/Grab_(company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Grab (company)">Grab</a> services. The <a href="/wiki/Sungai_Johor_Bridge" title="Sungai Johor Bridge">Sungai Johor Bridge</a> is in Johor, which is the longest central span river-crossing bridge in Malaysia and connects <a href="/wiki/Johor_Bahru_District" title="Johor Bahru District">Johor Bahru</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kota_Tinggi_District" title="Kota Tinggi District">Kota Tinggi District</a>. In 2018, construction of the <a href="/wiki/Iskandar_Malaysia_Bus_Rapid_Transit" title="Iskandar Malaysia Bus Rapid Transit">Iskandar Malaysia Bus Rapid Transit</a> was announced to be completed before 2021.<a href="#cite_note-238">[238]</a> The previous federal government had allocated RM29.43 billion as part of the <a href="/wiki/Eleventh_Malaysia_Plan" title="Eleventh Malaysia Plan">Eleventh Malaysia Plan</a> for infrastructure projects including upgrading roads and bridges.<a href="#cite_note-239">[239]</a> The state government also spends over RM600 million on road maintenance annually.<a href="#cite_note-240">[240]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Rail">Rail</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Johor&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Rail">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:JB_Sentral_sign_and_entrance.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/JB_Sentral_sign_and_entrance.jpg/220px-JB_Sentral_sign_and_entrance.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/JB_Sentral_sign_and_entrance.jpg/330px-JB_Sentral_sign_and_entrance.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/JB_Sentral_sign_and_entrance.jpg/440px-JB_Sentral_sign_and_entrance.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="1836" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Johor_Bahru_Sentral_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Johor Bahru Sentral railway station">Johor Bahru Sentral railway station</a> in <a href="/wiki/Johor_Bahru" title="Johor Bahru">Johor Bahru</a>.</figcaption></figure> Rail transport in the state is operated by <a href="/wiki/Keretapi_Tanah_Melayu" title="Keretapi Tanah Melayu">Keretapi Tanah Melayu</a>, which consists of <a href="/wiki/Batu_Anam_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Batu Anam railway station">Batu Anam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bekok_railway_station" title="Bekok railway station">Bekok</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chamek_railway_station" title="Chamek railway station">Chamek</a>, <a href="/wiki/Genuang_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Genuang railway station">Genuang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Johor_Bahru_Sentral_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Johor Bahru Sentral railway station">Johor Bahru Sentral</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kempas_Baru_railway_station" title="Kempas Baru railway station">Kempas Baru</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kluang_railway_station" title="Kluang railway station">Kluang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kulai_railway_station" title="Kulai railway station">Kulai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Labis_railway_station" title="Labis railway station">Labis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Layang-Layang_railway_station" title="Layang-Layang railway station">Layang-Layang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mengkibol_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Mengkibol railway station">Mengkibol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paloh_railway_station" title="Paloh railway station">Paloh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rengam_railway_station" title="Rengam railway station">Rengam</a>, Senai and <a href="/wiki/Tenang_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Tenang railway station">Tenang</a> railway stations.<a href="#cite_note-241">[241]</a> The railway line is connected to all of the states in western Peninsular Malaysia. It is also connected to stations in <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a>.<a href="#cite_note-242">[242]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Air">Air</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Johor&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Air">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Senai_International_Airport.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Senai_International_Airport.jpg/220px-Senai_International_Airport.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Senai_International_Airport.jpg/330px-Senai_International_Airport.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Senai_International_Airport.jpg/440px-Senai_International_Airport.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1928" data-file-height="1446" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Senai_International_Airport" title="Senai International Airport">Senai International Airport</a> in <a href="/wiki/Senai" title="Senai">Senai</a>.</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Senai_International_Airport" title="Senai International Airport">Senai International Airport</a> is the largest and the only international airport in Johor, which acts as the main gateway to the state. The airport is located in <a href="/wiki/Senai" title="Senai">Senai Town</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kulai_District" title="Kulai District">Kulai District</a>. In 2016, the Malaysian federal government approved a total of RM7 million in upgrades for the airport.<a href="#cite_note-243">[243]</a><a href="#cite_note-244">[244]</a> Four airlines fly to Johor: <a href="/wiki/AirAsia" title="AirAsia">AirAsia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines" title="Malaysia Airlines">Malaysia Airlines</a>, <a href="/wiki/Firefly_(airline)" title="Firefly (airline)">Firefly</a> and <a href="/wiki/Batik_Air_Malaysia" title="Batik Air Malaysia">Batik Air Malaysia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-245">[245]</a> Other minor airports including <a href="/wiki/Kluang_Airport" title="Kluang Airport">Kluang Airport</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mersing_Airport" title="Mersing Airport">Mersing Airport</a>, Segamat Airstrip and Batu Pahat Airstrip in Kluang District, Mersing District, Segamat District and Batu Pahat District, respectively.<a href="#cite_note-246">[246]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Water">Water</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Johor&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Water">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Puteri_Harbour_International_Ferry_Terminal.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Puteri_Harbour_International_Ferry_Terminal.jpg/220px-Puteri_Harbour_International_Ferry_Terminal.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Puteri_Harbour_International_Ferry_Terminal.jpg/330px-Puteri_Harbour_International_Ferry_Terminal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Puteri_Harbour_International_Ferry_Terminal.jpg/440px-Puteri_Harbour_International_Ferry_Terminal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1890" data-file-height="1418" /></a><figcaption>Puteri Harbour International Ferry Terminal in <a href="/wiki/Iskandar_Puteri" title="Iskandar Puteri">Iskandar Puteri</a>.</figcaption></figure> Johor has four ports in Iskandar Puteri and Pasir Gudang, which operate under three different companies. The <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Tanjung_Pelepas" title="Port of Tanjung Pelepas">Port of Tanjung Pelepas</a> is one of Malaysia's federal <a href="/wiki/Container_port" title="Container port">container ports</a>.<a href="#cite_note-247">[247]</a> Johor also has two other container ports, the Integrated Container Terminal in Tanjung Pelepas and <a href="/wiki/Johor_Port" title="Johor Port">Johor Port</a> in <a href="/wiki/Pasir_Gudang" title="Pasir Gudang">Pasir Gudang</a>.<a href="#cite_note-248">[248]</a><a href="#cite_note-249">[249]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Tanjung_Langsat_Port" title="Tanjung Langsat Port">Tanjung Langsat Terminal</a> serves as the state's regional oil and gas hub and supports offshore <a href="/wiki/Petroleum_industry" title="Petroleum industry">petroleum</a> exploration and production.<a href="#cite_note-250">[250]</a><a href="#cite_note-251">[251]</a> There are boat services to ports in <a href="/wiki/Batam" title="Batam">Batam</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tanjung_Pinang" class="mw-redirect" title="Tanjung Pinang">Tanjung Pinang</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Bintan_Island" title="Bintan Island">Bintan</a> Islands in Indonesia and to port in <a href="/wiki/Changi" title="Changi">Changi</a> in <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a>.<a href="#cite_note-252">[252]</a><a href="#cite_note-253">[253]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Healthcare">Healthcare</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Johor&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Healthcare">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_hospitals_in_Malaysia" title="List of hospitals in Malaysia">List of hospitals in Malaysia</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sultanah_Aminah_Hospital.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Sultanah_Aminah_Hospital.JPG/220px-Sultanah_Aminah_Hospital.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Sultanah_Aminah_Hospital.JPG/330px-Sultanah_Aminah_Hospital.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Sultanah_Aminah_Hospital.JPG/440px-Sultanah_Aminah_Hospital.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1945" data-file-height="1459" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sultanah_Aminah_Hospital" title="Sultanah Aminah Hospital">Sultanah Aminah Hospital</a>, the main <a href="/wiki/Government_hospital" class="mw-redirect" title="Government hospital">government hospital</a> in the state</figcaption></figure> Health-related matters in Johor are administered by the Johor State Health Office (<a href="/wiki/Malay_language" title="Malay language">Malay</a>: Jabatan Kesihatan Negeri Johor). The state has two major government hospitals, <a href="/wiki/Sultanah_Aminah_Hospital" title="Sultanah Aminah Hospital">Sultanah Aminah Hospital</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sultan_Ismail_Hospital" title="Sultan Ismail Hospital">Sultan Ismail Hospital</a>, nine government district hospitals Permai Hospital, Sultanah Fatimah Hospital, Sultanah Nora Ismail Hospital, Enche' Besar Hajjah Khalsom Hospital, Segamat Hospital, Pontian Hospital, Kota Tinggi Hospital, Mersing Hospital, and Tangkak Hospital, and Temenggung Seri Maharaja Tun Ibrahim Hospital, a women's and children's hospital and mental hospital. Other public health clinics, <a href="/wiki/1Malaysia#1Malaysia_clinics" title="1Malaysia">1Malaysia clinics</a> and rural clinics are scattered throughout the state with a number of private hospitals such as Penawar Hospital, Johor Specialist Hospital, Regency Specialist Hospital, Pantai Hospital Batu Pahat, Putra Specialist Hospital Batu Pahat, Puteri Specialist Hospital, KPJ Specialist Hospital Muar, Abdul Samad Specialist Hospital, <a href="/wiki/Columbia_Asia" title="Columbia Asia">Columbia Asia</a>, Gleneagles Medini Hospital and KPJ Specialist Hospital Pasir Gudang.<a href="#cite_note-254">[254]</a> In 2009, the state's doctor–patient ratio was 3 per 1,000 population.<a href="#cite_note-255">[255]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Education">Education</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Johor&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Education">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/List_of_schools_in_Johor" title="List of schools in Johor">List of schools in Johor</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_in_Malaysia" title="List of universities in Malaysia">List of universities in Malaysia</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sultan_Ibrahim_Chancellor_Building.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Sultan_Ibrahim_Chancellor_Building.jpg/220px-Sultan_Ibrahim_Chancellor_Building.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Sultan_Ibrahim_Chancellor_Building.jpg/330px-Sultan_Ibrahim_Chancellor_Building.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Sultan_Ibrahim_Chancellor_Building.jpg/440px-Sultan_Ibrahim_Chancellor_Building.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/University_of_Technology,_Malaysia" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Technology, Malaysia">University of Technology Malaysia</a> chancellory building.</figcaption></figure> All primary and secondary schools are under the jurisdiction of the Johor State Education Department, under the guidance of the national <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Education_(Malaysia)" title="Ministry of Education (Malaysia)">Ministry of Education</a>.<a href="#cite_note-256">[256]</a> The oldest school in Johor is the <a href="/w/index.php?title=English_College_Johor_Bahru&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="English College Johor Bahru (page does not exist)">English College Johor Bahru</a> (1914).<a href="#cite_note-257">[257]</a> As of 2013, Johor had a total of 240 government secondary schools,<a href="#cite_note-258">[258]</a> fifteen <a href="/wiki/International_school" title="International school">international schools</a> (Austin Heights Private and International Schools,<a href="#cite_note-259">[259]</a> Crescendo-HELP International School,<a href="#cite_note-260">[260]</a> <a href="/wiki/Crescendo_International_College" title="Crescendo International College">Crescendo International College</a>,<a href="#cite_note-261">[261]</a> Excelsior International School,<a href="#cite_note-262">[262]</a> Paragon Private and International School,<a href="#cite_note-263">[263]</a> Seri Omega Private and International School,<a href="#cite_note-264">[264]</a> Sri Ara International Schools,<a href="#cite_note-265">[265]</a> StarClub Education,<a href="#cite_note-266">[266]</a> Sunway International School,<a href="#cite_note-267">[267]</a> <a href="/wiki/Tenby_International_School" title="Tenby International School">Tenby Schools Setia Eco Gardens</a>,<a href="#cite_note-268">[268]</a> UniWorld International School,<a href="#cite_note-269">[269]</a> and the American School of Iskandar Puteri<a href="#cite_note-270">[270]</a> and three international campuses of British <a href="/wiki/Marlborough_College" title="Marlborough College">Marlborough College</a>,<a href="#cite_note-271">[271]</a> R.E.A.L Schools<a href="#cite_note-272">[272]</a> and Utama Schools),<a href="#cite_note-273">[273]</a> and nine <a href="/wiki/Chinese_independent_high_school" title="Chinese independent high school">Chinese independent schools</a>. Johor has a considerable number of Malay and indigenous students enrolled in Chinese schools.<a href="#cite_note-274">[274]</a> There is also an Indonesian school in the state capital mainly for the children of Indonesian migrants.<a href="#cite_note-275">[275]</a> There are two Japanese learning centres in Johor Bahru.<a href="#cite_note-276">[276]</a> The state government also emphasises pre-school education in the state with the establishment of several <a href="/wiki/Kindergarten" title="Kindergarten">kindergartens</a> such as Nuri Kindergarten and Childcare,<a href="#cite_note-277">[277]</a> Stellar Preschool<a href="#cite_note-278">[278]</a> and Tadika Kastil.<a href="#cite_note-279">[279]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Southern_University_College.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Southern_University_College.JPG/220px-Southern_University_College.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Southern_University_College.JPG/330px-Southern_University_College.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Southern_University_College.JPG/440px-Southern_University_College.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1938" data-file-height="1454" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Southern_University_College" title="Southern University College">Southern University College</a> main gate in <a href="/wiki/Skudai" title="Skudai">Skudai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iskandar_Puteri" title="Iskandar Puteri">Iskandar Puteri</a>.</figcaption></figure> Johor has three public universities, the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Technology,_Malaysia" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Technology, Malaysia">University of Technology Malaysia</a> in <a href="/wiki/Skudai" title="Skudai">Skudai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tun_Hussein_Onn_University_of_Malaysia" title="Tun Hussein Onn University of Malaysia">Tun Hussein Onn University of Malaysia</a> in <a href="/wiki/Parit_Raja" title="Parit Raja">Parit Raja</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Universiti_Teknologi_MARA" title="Universiti Teknologi MARA">Universiti Teknologi MARA Johor</a> in <a href="/wiki/Jementah" title="Jementah">Jementah</a> and the state capital; several polytechnics including <a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_Sultan_Polytechnic" title="Ibrahim Sultan Polytechnic">Ibrahim Sultan Polytechnic</a> and Mersing Polytechnic; and two teaching colleges, IPG Kampus Temenggong Ibrahim in Johor Bahru and IPG Kampus Tun Hussien Onn in Batu Pahat.<a href="#cite_note-280">[280]</a><a href="#cite_note-281">[281]</a> It has one non-profit community college, <a href="/wiki/Southern_University_College" title="Southern University College">Southern University College</a> in Skudai.<a href="#cite_note-282">[282]</a> There is also a proposal to establish the University of Johor that has been welcomed by the Sultan of Johor with the federal education ministry also willing to extend their co-operation.<a href="#cite_note-283">[283]</a><a href="#cite_note-284">[284]</a> EduHub Pagoh, the largest public higher education hub area in Malaysia, is being constructed at <a href="/wiki/Bandar_Universiti_Pagoh" title="Bandar Universiti Pagoh">Bandar Universiti Pagoh</a>, a new planned education township in Muar.<a href="#cite_note-285">[285]</a> To ensure the quality of education in the state, the state government introduced six long-term measures to upgrade the capability of local teachers.<a href="#cite_note-286">[286]</a> In 2018, it was reported that Johor was among several Malaysian states facing a teacher shortage, so the federal education ministry set up a special committee to study ways to tackle the problem.<a href="#cite_note-287">[287]</a> The Johor State Library is the main public library in the state.<a href="#cite_note-288">[288]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demography">Demography</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Johor&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Demography">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ethnicity_and_immigration">Ethnicity and immigration</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Johor&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Ethnicity and immigration">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Johor_Premium_Outlet,_Malaysia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Johor_Premium_Outlet%2C_Malaysia.jpg/220px-Johor_Premium_Outlet%2C_Malaysia.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Johor_Premium_Outlet%2C_Malaysia.jpg/330px-Johor_Premium_Outlet%2C_Malaysia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Johor_Premium_Outlet%2C_Malaysia.jpg/440px-Johor_Premium_Outlet%2C_Malaysia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption>Johor residents with families near the end of the year</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236656977">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale" style="width:15em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 0.5em;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Historical population</caption><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Percent change" class="abbr-header">±%</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1970 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,277,180</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1980 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,580,423</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+23.7%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1991 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">2,069,740</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+31.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 2000 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">2,584,997</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+24.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb"> 2010 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">3,230,440</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+25.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 2020 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">4,009,670</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+24.1%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000)"><div class="center"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Notice plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-notice" role="presentation" style="width:100%;margin:0;"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/60px-Information_icon4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/80px-Information_icon4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></div></td><td class="mbox-text" style="text-align: left;"><div class="mbox-text-span">Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on <a href="https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334940" class="extiw" title="phab:T334940">Phabricator</a> and on <a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:Graph/Plans" class="extiw" title="mw:Extension:Graph/Plans">MediaWiki.org</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left">Source: <a href="#cite_note-2020KF-289">[289]</a></td></tr></tbody></table> The 2023 Malaysian census reported the population of Johor at 4,100,900, the second most populous state in Malaysia, with a non-citizen population of 276,900.<a href="#cite_note-2015_population-290">[290]</a> Of the Malaysian residents, 2,464,640 (60.1%) are <a href="/wiki/Bumiputera_(Malaysia)" title="Bumiputera (Malaysia)">Bumiputera</a>, 1,312,128 (32.8%) are <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Chinese" title="Malaysian Chinese">Chinese</a>, 246,054 (6.0%) are <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Indian" class="mw-redirect" title="Malaysian Indian">Indian</a>.<a href="#cite_note-2015_population-290">[290]</a> In 2010, the population was estimated to be around 3,348,243, with 1,972,115 (58.9%) Bumiputera, 1,292,421(38.6%) Chinese, 237,725 (7.1%) Indian.<a href="#cite_note-total_population-5">[5]</a> Despite the racial diversity of the population, most people in Johor identify themselves as "Bangsa Johor" (<a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a>: Johor race), which is also echoed by Johor's royal family to unite the population regardless of ancestry.<a href="#cite_note-291">[291]</a> <div class="notheme barbox tleft" style="overflow-x: auto;"> <div style="border:1px solid silver; font-size:88%; padding:0.4em; width:250px; background: white; color: black;"> <table style="text-align:left; border-collapse:collapse; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr style="background:#ddd"><th style="text-align:center;" colspan="5">Ethnic groups in Johor (2023)<a href="#cite_note-total_population-5">[5]</a></th></tr> <tr style="font-size:88%; height:4px;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; text-align:left;">Ethnic</td> <td style="width:100px; text-align:left;"></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; width:1em; text-align:right;">Percent</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Bumiputera_(Malaysia)" title="Bumiputera (Malaysia)">Bumiputera</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#DD818A; width:60.1%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">60.1%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Chinese" title="Malaysian Chinese">Chinese</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#FEC499; width:32.8%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">32.8%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Indian" class="mw-redirect" title="Malaysian Indian">Indian</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#969696; width:6.6%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">6.6%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Non-Malaysian citizen</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#FFB7C5; width:6.0%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">6.0%</td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kampung_Punjut_Orang_Asli_girls_playing.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Kampung_Punjut_Orang_Asli_girls_playing.jpg/220px-Kampung_Punjut_Orang_Asli_girls_playing.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Kampung_Punjut_Orang_Asli_girls_playing.jpg/330px-Kampung_Punjut_Orang_Asli_girls_playing.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Kampung_Punjut_Orang_Asli_girls_playing.jpg/440px-Kampung_Punjut_Orang_Asli_girls_playing.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1922" data-file-height="1433" /></a><figcaption>Girls from the <a href="/wiki/Orang_Asli" title="Orang Asli">aboriginal people</a> of Johor</figcaption></figure> As Malaysia is one of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_population_density" title="List of countries and dependencies by population density">least densely populated countries</a> in Asia, the state is particularly sparsely populated, with most people concentrated in the coastal areas, since towns and urban centres have massively expanded through recent developments. From 1991 to 2000, the state experienced a 2.39% average annual <a href="/wiki/Population_growth" title="Population growth">population growth</a>, with Johor Bahru District being the highest at 4.59% growth and Segamat District being the lowest at 0.07%.<a href="#cite_note-johor_data_handbook-207">[207]</a> The total population increased by about 600,000 every decade following the increase of residential developments in the southern developmental region; if the pattern continues, Johor will have an estimated 5.6 million people in 2030, larger than the government projection of 4 million.<a href="#cite_note-292">[292]</a> Johor's geographical position in the southern Malay Peninsula has contributed to the state's rapid development as Malaysia's transportation and industrial hub, creating jobs and attracting migrants from other states and overseas, especially from Indonesia, the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a>, Myanmar, <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a>, India, <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> and China. As of 2010, nearly two thirds of foreign workers in Malaysia were located in Johor, Sabah and Selangor.<a href="#cite_note-293">[293]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Johor&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Religion">edit</a>]</div> <div class="notheme barbox tleft" style="overflow-x: auto;"> <div style="border:1px solid silver; font-size:88%; padding:0.4em; width:250px; background: white; color: black;"> <table style="text-align:left; border-collapse:collapse; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr style="background:#ddd"><th style="text-align:center;" colspan="5">Religion in Johor (2022)<a href="#cite_note-total_religion-294">[294]</a><a href="#cite_note-2020KF-289">[289]</a></th></tr> <tr style="font-size:88%; height:4px;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; text-align:left;">Religion</td> <td style="width:100px; text-align:left;"></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; width:1em; text-align:right;">Percent</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:Green; width:58.7%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">58.7%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:Yellow; width:25.9%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">25.9%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:Blue; width:8.2%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">8.2%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:Orange; width:6%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">6%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Irreligion" title="Irreligion">No religion</a>/Unknown</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:Black; width:0.2%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">0.2%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Others</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:Gray; width:0.3%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">0.3%</td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:292px;max-width:292px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:144px;max-width:144px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:106px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Sultan_Abu_Bakar_State_Mosque.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Sultan_Abu_Bakar_State_Mosque.jpg/142px-Sultan_Abu_Bakar_State_Mosque.jpg" decoding="async" width="142" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Sultan_Abu_Bakar_State_Mosque.jpg/213px-Sultan_Abu_Bakar_State_Mosque.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Sultan_Abu_Bakar_State_Mosque.jpg/284px-Sultan_Abu_Bakar_State_Mosque.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1984" data-file-height="1488" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:144px;max-width:144px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:106px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:JB_Old_Chinese_Temple_3.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/JB_Old_Chinese_Temple_3.JPG/142px-JB_Old_Chinese_Temple_3.JPG" decoding="async" width="142" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/JB_Old_Chinese_Temple_3.JPG/213px-JB_Old_Chinese_Temple_3.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/JB_Old_Chinese_Temple_3.JPG/284px-JB_Old_Chinese_Temple_3.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:104px;max-width:104px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:136px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Sri_Mariamman_Temple,_JB_2.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Sri_Mariamman_Temple%2C_JB_2.JPG/102px-Sri_Mariamman_Temple%2C_JB_2.JPG" decoding="async" width="102" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Sri_Mariamman_Temple%2C_JB_2.JPG/153px-Sri_Mariamman_Temple%2C_JB_2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Sri_Mariamman_Temple%2C_JB_2.JPG/204px-Sri_Mariamman_Temple%2C_JB_2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1600" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:184px;max-width:184px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:136px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Church_of_the_Immaculate_Conception_(Johor_Bahru).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Church_of_the_Immaculate_Conception_%28Johor_Bahru%29.jpg/182px-Church_of_the_Immaculate_Conception_%28Johor_Bahru%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="182" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Church_of_the_Immaculate_Conception_%28Johor_Bahru%29.jpg/273px-Church_of_the_Immaculate_Conception_%28Johor_Bahru%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Church_of_the_Immaculate_Conception_%28Johor_Bahru%29.jpg/364px-Church_of_the_Immaculate_Conception_%28Johor_Bahru%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1984" data-file-height="1488" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Place_of_worship" title="Place of worship">Place of worship</a> in Johor. Clockwise from top right: <a href="/wiki/Johor_Bahru_Old_Chinese_Temple" title="Johor Bahru Old Chinese Temple">Johor Bahru Old Chinese Temple</a>, <a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Immaculate_Conception_(Johor)" title="Church of the Immaculate Conception (Johor)">Church of the Immaculate Conception</a>, Sri Mariamman Temple and the <a href="/wiki/Sultan_Abu_Bakar_State_Mosque" title="Sultan Abu Bakar State Mosque">Sultan Abu Bakar State Mosque</a>.</div></div></div></div> Islam became the <a href="/wiki/State_religion" title="State religion">state religion</a> upon the adoption of the 1895 Johor Constitution, although other religions can be freely practised.<a href="#cite_note-295">[295]</a> According to the 2020 Malaysian census the religious affiliation of Johor's population was 58.7% <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslim</a>, 25.9% <a href="/wiki/Buddhist" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddhist">Buddhist</a>, 8.2% <a href="/wiki/Christians" title="Christians">Christian</a>, 6% <a href="/wiki/Hindus" title="Hindus">Hindu</a>, 0.1% followers of other religions or unknown affiliations, 0.2% <a href="/wiki/Taoism" title="Taoism">Taoist</a> or <a href="/wiki/Chinese_folk_religion" title="Chinese folk religion">Chinese folk religion</a> adherents, and 0.2% non-religious.<a href="#cite_note-total_religion-294">[294]</a> The census indicated that 80.2% of the Chinese population in Johor identified as Buddhists, with significant minorities identifying as Christians (18.2%), Chinese folk religion adherents (1.6%) and Muslims (0.2%). The majority of the Indian population identified as Hindus (73.5%), with significant minorities identifying as Christians (6.1%), Muslims (9.2%) and Buddhists (2.8%). The non-Malay bumiputera community was predominantly Christians (68.3%), with significant minorities identifying as Muslims (21.6%) and Buddhists (15%). Among the majority population, all Malay bumiputera identified as Muslims.<a href="#cite_note-total_religion-294">[294]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Languages">Languages</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Johor&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Languages">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Max_Clean_KT_Car_Wash.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Max_Clean_KT_Car_Wash.jpg/220px-Max_Clean_KT_Car_Wash.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Max_Clean_KT_Car_Wash.jpg/330px-Max_Clean_KT_Car_Wash.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Max_Clean_KT_Car_Wash.jpg/440px-Max_Clean_KT_Car_Wash.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a><figcaption>Multilingual sign in Malay, English and Chinese at a workshop in <a href="/wiki/Kota_Tinggi" title="Kota Tinggi">Kota Tinggi</a>.</figcaption></figure> The majority of Johoreans are at least bilingual, with <a href="/wiki/Malay_language" title="Malay language">Malay</a> as the official language in Johor.<a href="#cite_note-296">[296]</a> Other multilingual speakers may also be fluent in <a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a> languages.<a href="#cite_note-297">[297]</a> Johorean Malay, also known as Johor-Riau Malay and originally spoken in Johor, <a href="/wiki/Riau" title="Riau">Riau</a>, <a href="/wiki/Riau_Islands" title="Riau Islands">Riau Islands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malacca" title="Malacca">Malacca</a>, <a href="/wiki/Selangor" title="Selangor">Selangor</a> and <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a>, has been adopted as the basis for both the <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Malay" title="Malaysian Malay">Malaysian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_language" title="Indonesian language">Indonesian</a> national languages.<a href="#cite_note-298">[298]</a> Due to Johor's location at the confluence of trade routes within <a href="/wiki/Maritime_Southeast_Asia" title="Maritime Southeast Asia">Maritime Southeast Asia</a> as well as its history as an influential empire, the dialect has spread as the region's <a href="/wiki/Lingua_franca" title="Lingua franca">lingua franca</a> since the 15th century; hence the adoption of the dialect as the basis for the national languages of <a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a>, Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore.<a href="#cite_note-299">[299]</a> Several related languages are also spoken in Johor such as <a href="/wiki/Orang_Seletar_language" title="Orang Seletar language">Orang Seletar</a> (spoken along the Straits of Johor and in northern Singapore), <a href="/wiki/Orang_Kanaq_language" title="Orang Kanaq language">Orang Kanaq</a> (spoken in small parts of southeastern Johor), <a href="/wiki/Jakun_language" title="Jakun language">Jakun</a> (spoken mostly in inland parts of Johor), <a href="/wiki/Temuan_language" title="Temuan language">Temuan</a> (spoken near the border with Pahang and Negeri Sembilan) and <a href="/wiki/Duano%27_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Duano' language">Orang Kuala</a> (spoken along the northwest coast of Johor). <a href="/wiki/Terengganu_Malay" title="Terengganu Malay">Terengganu Malay</a>, a distinct variant of Malay, is spoken in the district of <a href="/wiki/Mersing" title="Mersing">Mersing</a> near the border with <a href="/wiki/Rompin" class="mw-redirect" title="Rompin">Rompin</a>, Pahang.<a href="#cite_note-300">[300]</a> Different <a href="/wiki/Varieties_of_Chinese" title="Varieties of Chinese">dialect groups</a> of the Chinese language are spoken among the Chinese community in the state, including <a href="/wiki/Hokkien" title="Hokkien">Hokkien</a>, <a href="/wiki/Teochew_Min" title="Teochew Min">Teochew</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hakka_Chinese" title="Hakka Chinese">Hakka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cantonese" title="Cantonese">Cantonese</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Hainanese" title="Hainanese">Hainanese</a>. The Indian community predominantly speaks Tamil. There is also a significant number of <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Malayalees" title="Malaysian Malayalees">Malayalee</a> populations in parts of <a href="/wiki/Segamat" class="mw-redirect" title="Segamat">Segamat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Johor_Bahru" title="Johor Bahru">Johor Bahru</a> and <a href="/wiki/Masai,_Johor" title="Masai, Johor">Masai</a>, who speak <a href="/wiki/Malayalam_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Malayalam language">Malayalam</a> as their mother tongue. Moreover, small number of other Indian language speakers such as the <a href="/wiki/Telugu_language" title="Telugu language">Telugu</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Punjabi_language" title="Punjabi language">Punjabi</a> language speakers are also present. Many <a href="/wiki/Malayalees" class="mw-redirect" title="Malayalees">Malayalees</a> and <a href="/wiki/Telugus" class="mw-redirect" title="Telugus">Telugus</a> are often categorised as Tamils by the Tamils themselves, and by other groups, as they use the Tamil language as a lingua franca among other Indian communities.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] In 2017, the Queen of Johor, as the royal patron of the Malaysian English Language Teaching Association, called for a more conducive environment for young Malaysians to master English since there has been a drastic decline in proficiency among the younger Malaysian generation.<a href="#cite_note-301">[301]</a><a href="#cite_note-302">[302]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Johor&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Culture">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Malaysia" title="Culture of Malaysia">Culture of Malaysia</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Johor_Heritage_Foundation.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Johor_Heritage_Foundation.jpg/220px-Johor_Heritage_Foundation.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Johor_Heritage_Foundation.jpg/330px-Johor_Heritage_Foundation.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Johor_Heritage_Foundation.jpg/440px-Johor_Heritage_Foundation.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a><figcaption>The Johor Heritage Foundation building in the state capital</figcaption></figure> Johor's culture has been influenced by different ethnicities throughout history, especially by the Arabs, Bugis and Javanese people, with the state also becoming a mixture of different cultures among the Chinese, Indian, Malay and aboriginal people.<a href="#cite_note-303">[303]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Zapin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Zapin.jpg/220px-Zapin.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Zapin.jpg/330px-Zapin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Zapin.jpg/440px-Zapin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Zapin" title="Zapin">Zapin</a> performance in a school in Batu Pahat</figcaption></figure> A strong <a href="/wiki/Arab_culture" title="Arab culture">Arab cultural</a> influence is apparent in art performances like <a href="/wiki/Zapin" title="Zapin">zapin</a>, masri and hamdolok and in musical instruments like the <a href="/wiki/Qanb%C5%ABs" title="Qanbūs">gambus</a>.<a href="#cite_note-304">[304]</a><a href="#cite_note-culture_demise-305">[305]</a> The zapin dance was introduced in the 14th century by Arab Muslim missionaries from <a href="/wiki/Hadhramaut" title="Hadhramaut">Hadhramaut</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a>, and was originally performed only by male dancers, although female dancers are now common.<a href="#cite_note-zapin-306">[306]</a> The dance itself differs among five Johor regions, namely zapin tenglu and zapin pulau (Mersing), zapin lenga (Muar), zapin pekajang (Johor Bahru), zapin koris (Batu Pahat) and zapin parit mustar with zapin seri bunian (Pontian).<a href="#cite_note-zapin-306">[306]</a> Another Arab legacy is the use of Arabic names with <a href="/wiki/Wadi" title="Wadi">wadi</a> (valley) for areas populated by the Arab community in the state capital such as "wadi hana" and "wadi hassan".<a href="#cite_note-307">[307]</a> Buginese and <a href="/wiki/Javanese_Malaysian" class="mw-redirect" title="Javanese Malaysian">Javanese</a> cultural influences are found in the bosara and <a href="/wiki/Kuda_lumping" class="mw-redirect" title="Kuda lumping">kuda kepang</a> dances introduced to Johor before the early 20th century by immigrants of respective communities.<a href="#cite_note-308">[308]</a><a href="#cite_note-309">[309]</a> The influence of <a href="/wiki/Javanese_language" title="Javanese language">Javanese language</a> on the local Malay dialect is also noticeable from particular vocabulary collected in recorded observations.<a href="#cite_note-310">[310]</a> Indian culture inspired the <a href="/wiki/Ghazal" title="Ghazal">ghazal</a>. These cultural activities are normally performed at Malay weddings and religious festivals.<a href="#cite_note-culture_demise-305">[305]</a> The aboriginal culture is also unique with a diversity of traditions still practised, such as the making of traditional weapons, medicines, <a href="/wiki/Handicraft" title="Handicraft">handicrafts</a> and <a href="/wiki/Souvenir" title="Souvenir">souvenirs</a>.<a href="#cite_note-311">[311]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chingay_parade">Chingay parade</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Johor&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Chingay parade">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chingay_Johor_2018.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Chingay_Johor_2018.jpg/220px-Chingay_Johor_2018.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Chingay_Johor_2018.jpg/330px-Chingay_Johor_2018.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Chingay_Johor_2018.jpg/440px-Chingay_Johor_2018.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Chingay parade in 2018</figcaption></figure> The Chinese community holds the <a href="/wiki/Chingay_parade" title="Chingay parade">Chingay parade</a> annually by the <a href="/wiki/Johor_Bahru_Old_Chinese_Temple" title="Johor Bahru Old Chinese Temple">Johor Bahru Old Chinese Temple</a>, which unites the five Chinese ethnic groups in Johor, namely <a href="/wiki/Cantonese_people" title="Cantonese people">Cantonese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hainan_people" title="Hainan people">Hainanese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hakka_people" title="Hakka people">Hakka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hoklo_people" title="Hoklo people">Hoklo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Teochew_people" title="Teochew people">Teochew</a>.<a href="#cite_note-312">[312]</a> This co-operation among different Chinese cultures under a voluntary organisation became a symbol of harmony among the different Chinese people that deepens their sense of heritage to preserve their cultural traditions.<a href="#cite_note-313">[313]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Johor_Bahru_Chinese_Heritage_Museum" title="Johor Bahru Chinese Heritage Museum">Johor Bahru Chinese Heritage Museum</a> describes the history of Chinese migration into Johor from the 14th to 19th centuries during the <a href="/wiki/Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Ming</a> and <a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Qing</a> dynasties. The ruler of Johor encouraged the Chinese community to plant <a href="/wiki/Gambier_(extract)" title="Gambier (extract)">gambier</a> and <a href="/wiki/Black_pepper" title="Black pepper">pepper</a> in the interior. Many of these farmers switched to <a href="/wiki/Pineapple" title="Pineapple">pineapple</a> cultivation in the 20th century, making Johor one of Malaysia's top fruit producers.<a href="#cite_note-314">[314]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cuisine">Cuisine</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Johor&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Cuisine">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Haa_tuu_diaa_mee_bandung_joho.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Haa_tuu_diaa_mee_bandung_joho.jpg/220px-Haa_tuu_diaa_mee_bandung_joho.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="219" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Haa_tuu_diaa_mee_bandung_joho.jpg/330px-Haa_tuu_diaa_mee_bandung_joho.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ad/Haa_tuu_diaa_mee_bandung_joho.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="399" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mee_bandung_Muar" class="mw-redirect" title="Mee bandung Muar">Mee bandung</a> in Johor</figcaption></figure> Cuisine in Johor has been influenced by Arab, Buginese, Javanese, Malay, Chinese and Indian cultures. Notable dishes include <a href="/wiki/Nasi_lemak" title="Nasi lemak">nasi lemak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Asam_pedas" title="Asam pedas">asam pedas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nasi_Beringin" title="Nasi Beringin">Nasi Beringin</a>, cathay <a href="/wiki/Laksa" title="Laksa">laksa</a>, cheese <a href="/wiki/Murtabak" title="Murtabak">murtabak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Laksa#Variations" title="Laksa">Johor laksa</a>, kway teow kia, <a href="/wiki/Mee_bandung_Muar" class="mw-redirect" title="Mee bandung Muar">mee bandung</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mee_rebus" title="Mee rebus">mee rebus</a>, Muar <a href="/wiki/Satay" title="Satay">satay</a>, pineapple pajeri, Pontian <a href="/wiki/Wonton_noodle" class="mw-redirect" title="Wonton noodle">wonton noodle</a>, san lou fried <a href="/wiki/Rice_vermicelli" title="Rice vermicelli">bee hoon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Otak-otak" title="Otak-otak">otak-otak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Telur_pindang" title="Telur pindang">telur pindang</a>,<a href="#cite_note-315">[315]</a><a href="#cite_note-Johor_foods-316">[316]</a> and other mixed Malay dishes.<a href="#cite_note-mixed_culture_food-317">[317]</a> Popular desserts include <a href="/wiki/Burasa" title="Burasa">burasak</a>,<a href="#cite_note-mixed_culture_food-317">[317]</a> <a href="/wiki/Ful_medames" title="Ful medames">kacang pool</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lontong" title="Lontong">lontong</a> and snacks like <a href="/wiki/Banana_cake" title="Banana cake">banana cake</a>, Kluang toasted buns and <a href="/wiki/Pisang_goreng" class="mw-redirect" title="Pisang goreng">pisang goreng</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Johor_foods-316">[316]</a><a href="#cite_note-318">[318]</a> International restaurants offering <a href="/wiki/Western_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Western cuisine">Western</a>, <a href="/wiki/Filipino_cuisine" title="Filipino cuisine">Filipino</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_cuisine" title="Indonesian cuisine">Indonesian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japanese_cuisine" title="Japanese cuisine">Japanese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Korean_cuisine" title="Korean cuisine">Korean</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_cuisine" title="Taiwanese cuisine">Taiwanese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thai_cuisine" title="Thai cuisine">Thai</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_cuisine" title="Vietnamese cuisine">Vietnamese</a> cuisines are found throughout the state, especially in Johor Bahru and <a href="/wiki/Iskandar_Puteri" title="Iskandar Puteri">Iskandar Puteri</a>.<a href="#cite_note-319">[319]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Holidays_and_festivals">Holidays and festivals</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Johor&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Holidays and festivals">edit</a>]</div> Johoreans observe a number of holidays and festivals throughout the year including <a href="/wiki/Independence_Day_(Malaysia)" title="Independence Day (Malaysia)">Independence Day</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malaysia_Day" title="Malaysia Day">Malaysia Day</a> celebrations and the Sultan of Johor's Birthday.<a href="#cite_note-320">[320]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sports">Sports</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Johor&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Sports">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stadium_Larkin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Stadium_Larkin.jpg/220px-Stadium_Larkin.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Stadium_Larkin.jpg/330px-Stadium_Larkin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Stadium_Larkin.jpg/440px-Stadium_Larkin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3147" data-file-height="1706" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Tan_Sri_Dato%27_Haji_Hassan_Yunos_Stadium" title="Tan Sri Dato' Haji Hassan Yunos Stadium">Tan Sri Dato' Haji Hassan Yunos Stadium</a> was the home stadium of <a href="/wiki/Johor_Darul_Ta%27zim_F.C." title="Johor Darul Ta'zim F.C.">Johor Darul Ta'zim</a> until 2019.</figcaption></figure> As Johor has been part of Malaya since 1957, its athletes represented Malaya and later Malaysia at the <a href="/wiki/Summer_Olympic_Games" title="Summer Olympic Games">Summer Olympic Games</a>, <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Games" title="Commonwealth Games">Commonwealth Games</a>, <a href="/wiki/Asian_Games" title="Asian Games">Asian Games</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asian_Games" class="mw-redirect" title="Southeast Asian Games">Southeast Asian Games</a>. The Johor State Youth and Sports Department was established in 1957 to raise the standard of sports in the state.<a href="#cite_note-321">[321]</a> Johor hosted the <a href="/wiki/Sukma_Games" title="Sukma Games">Sukma Games</a> in 1992. There are four sports complexes in the state,<a href="#cite_note-322">[322]</a> and the federal government also provides aid to improve sports facilities.<a href="#cite_note-323">[323]</a> In 2018, as part of a federal government plan to turn Muar into Johor's sports hub, around RM15 million has been allocated to build and upgrade sports facilities in the town.<a href="#cite_note-324">[324]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aerial_view_of_Sultan_Ibrahim_Stadium_(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Aerial_view_of_Sultan_Ibrahim_Stadium_%282%29.jpg/220px-Aerial_view_of_Sultan_Ibrahim_Stadium_%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Aerial_view_of_Sultan_Ibrahim_Stadium_%282%29.jpg/330px-Aerial_view_of_Sultan_Ibrahim_Stadium_%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Aerial_view_of_Sultan_Ibrahim_Stadium_%282%29.jpg/440px-Aerial_view_of_Sultan_Ibrahim_Stadium_%282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1366" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>The new home stadium of <a href="/wiki/Johor_Darul_Ta%27zim_F.C." title="Johor Darul Ta'zim F.C.">Johor Darul Ta'zim</a> since 2020.</figcaption></figure> Located in <a href="/wiki/Iskandar_Puteri" title="Iskandar Puteri">Iskandar Puteri</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Sultan_Ibrahim_Stadium" title="Sultan Ibrahim Stadium">Sultan Ibrahim Stadium</a> is the main stadium of the football club <a href="/wiki/Johor_Darul_Ta%27zim_F.C." title="Johor Darul Ta'zim F.C.">Johor Darul Ta'zim</a>. They have won the <a href="/wiki/Malaysia_FA_Cup" title="Malaysia FA Cup">Malaysia FA Cup</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Malaysia_Cup" title="Malaysia Cup">Malaysia Cup</a> four times each, the <a href="/wiki/Malaysia_Super_League" title="Malaysia Super League">Malaysia Super League</a> for ten consecutive seasons between 2014 and 2023,<a href="#cite_note-325">[325]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/AFC_Cup" class="mw-redirect" title="AFC Cup">AFC Cup</a> in 2015.<a href="#cite_note-326">[326]</a><a href="#cite_note-327">[327]</a><a href="#cite_note-328">[328]</a> The state women's football team also won four titles in the <a href="/wiki/Tun_Sharifah_Rodziah_Cup" class="mw-redirect" title="Tun Sharifah Rodziah Cup">Tun Sharifah Rodziah Cup</a> in 1984, 1986, 1987 and 1989. Another notable stadium in the state is <a href="/wiki/Pasir_Gudang_Corporation_Stadium" title="Pasir Gudang Corporation Stadium">Pasir Gudang Corporation Stadium</a> in <a href="/wiki/Pasir_Gudang" title="Pasir Gudang">Pasir Gudang</a>.<a href="#cite_note-329">[329]</a> Johor also launched its own <a href="/wiki/Esports" title="Esports">esports</a> league, becoming the second Malaysian state to introduce the sport to the Sukma Games, with the Johor Sports Council agreeing to include it in the <a href="/wiki/2020_Sukma_Games" class="mw-redirect" title="2020 Sukma Games">2020 edition</a>.<a href="#cite_note-330">[330]</a><a href="#cite_note-331">[331]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Johor&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Notable people">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yasmin_Ahmad" title="Yasmin Ahmad">Yasmin Ahmad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hishamuddin_Hussein" class="mw-redirect" title="Hishamuddin Hussein">Hishamuddin Hussein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hussein_Onn" title="Hussein Onn">Hussein Onn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noraniza_Idris" title="Noraniza Idris">Noraniza Idris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onn_Jaafar" title="Onn Jaafar">Onn Jaafar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zulhadi_Omar" title="Zulhadi Omar">Zulhadi Omar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seah_Jim_Quee" title="Seah Jim Quee">Seah Jim Quee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syed_Saddiq" title="Syed Saddiq">Syed Saddiq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhyiddin_Yassin" title="Muhyiddin Yassin">Muhyiddin Yassin</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Johor&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Johor_info-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Johor_info_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Johor_info_1-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Johor_info_1-2">c</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180708142043/http://pmr.penerangan.gov.my/index.php/maklumat-kenegaraan/1600-negeri-johor-darul-tazim.html">"Maklumat Kenegaraan (Negeri Johor Darul Ta'zim)"</a> [Statehood Information (State of Johor Darul Ta'zim)] (in Malay). <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Communications_and_Multimedia_(Malaysia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Communications and Multimedia (Malaysia)">Ministry of Communications and Multimedia (Malaysia)</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pmr.penerangan.gov.my/index.php/maklumat-kenegaraan/1600-negeri-johor-darul-tazim.html">the original</a> on 8 July 2018. Retrieved 8 July 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Maklumat+Kenegaraan+%28Negeri+Johor+Darul+Ta%27zim%29&rft.pub=Ministry+of+Communications+and+Multimedia+%28Malaysia%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpmr.penerangan.gov.my%2Findex.php%2Fmaklumat-kenegaraan%2F1600-negeri-johor-darul-tazim.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-jhr-2"><a href="#cite_ref-jhr_2-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMohd_Farhaan_Shah_Farhaan2016" class="citation web cs1">Mohd Farhaan Shah Farhaan (23 March 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pressreader.com/malaysia/the-star-malaysia-star2/20160323/281921657169839">"A rich legacy"</a>. Star2. Retrieved 8 July 2018 – via <a href="/wiki/PressReader" title="PressReader">PressReader</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Star2&rft.atitle=A+rich+legacy&rft.date=2016-03-23&rft.au=Mohd+Farhaan+Shah+Farhaan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pressreader.com%2Fmalaysia%2Fthe-star-malaysia-star2%2F20160323%2F281921657169839&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tableau.dosm.gov.my/t/BPPD-BahagianperangkaanpendudukdanDemografi/views/MyCenDashEnglish/LOCALAUTORITY?%3Adisplay_count=n&%3Aembed=y&%3AisGuestRedirectFromVizportal=y&%3Aorigin=viz_share_link&%3AshowAppBanner=false&%3AshowVizHome=n">"MAIN INDICATOR IN M.B. JOHOR BAHRU"</a>. MyCenDash. Retrieved 3 July 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MyCenDash&rft.atitle=MAIN+INDICATOR+IN+M.B.+JOHOR+BAHRU&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftableau.dosm.gov.my%2Ft%2FBPPD-BahagianperangkaanpendudukdanDemografi%2Fviews%2FMyCenDashEnglish%2FLOCALAUTORITY%3F%253Adisplay_count%3Dn%26%253Aembed%3Dy%26%253AisGuestRedirectFromVizportal%3Dy%26%253Aorigin%3Dviz_share_link%26%253AshowAppBanner%3Dfalse%26%253AshowVizHome%3Dn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-statistics-4">^ <a href="#cite_ref-statistics_4-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-statistics_4-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-statistics_4-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-statistics_4-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-statistics_4-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-statistics_4-5">f</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dosm.gov.my/v1/index.php?r=column/cone&menu_id=d1dTR0JMK2hUUUFnTnp5WUR2d3VBQT09">"Johor @ a Glance"</a>. Department of Statistics, Malaysia. Retrieved 13 January 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Johor+%40+a+Glance&rft.pub=Department+of+Statistics%2C+Malaysia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dosm.gov.my%2Fv1%2Findex.php%3Fr%3Dcolumn%2Fcone%26menu_id%3Dd1dTR0JMK2hUUUFnTnp5WUR2d3VBQT09&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-total_population-5">^ <a href="#cite_ref-total_population_5-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-total_population_5-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-total_population_5-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-total_population_5-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120227090331/http://www.statistics.gov.my/portal/download_Population/files/population/05Jadual_Mukim_negeri/Mukim_Johor.pdf">"Total population by ethnic group, administrative district and state, Malaysia"</a> (PDF). Department of Statistics, Malaysia. 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.statistics.gov.my:80/portal/download_Population/files/population/05Jadual_Mukim_negeri/Mukim_Johor.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 27 February 2012. Retrieved 23 July 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Total+population+by+ethnic+group%2C+administrative+district+and+state%2C+Malaysia&rft.pub=Department+of+Statistics%2C+Malaysia&rft.date=2010&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.statistics.gov.my%3A80%2Fportal%2Fdownload_Population%2Ffiles%2Fpopulation%2F05Jadual_Mukim_negeri%2FMukim_Johor.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/">"Subnational Human Development Index (2.1) [Johor – Malaysia]"</a>. Global Data Lab of Institute for Management Research, <a href="/wiki/Radboud_University_Nijmegen" title="Radboud University Nijmegen">Radboud University</a>. Retrieved 12 November 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Subnational+Human+Development+Index+%282.1%29+%5BJohor+%E2%80%93+Malaysia%5D&rft.pub=Global+Data+Lab+of+Institute+for+Management+Research%2C+Radboud+University&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhdi.globaldatalab.org%2Fareadata%2Fshdi%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHelmer_Aslaksen2012" class="citation web cs1">Helmer Aslaksen (28 June 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160521034731/http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone-old.html">"Time Zones in Malaysia"</a>. Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, <a href="/wiki/National_University_of_Singapore" title="National University of Singapore">National University of Singapore</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone-old.html">the original</a> on 21 May 2016. Retrieved 8 July 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Time+Zones+in+Malaysia&rft.pub=Department+of+Mathematics%2C+Faculty+of+Science%2C+National+University+of+Singapore&rft.date=2012-06-28&rft.au=Helmer+Aslaksen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.math.nus.edu.sg%2Faslaksen%2Fteaching%2Ftimezone-old.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://postal-codes.cybo.com/malaysia/johor/?p=1">"Postal codes in Johor"</a>. cybo.com. Retrieved 8 July 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Postal+codes+in+Johor&rft.pub=cybo.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpostal-codes.cybo.com%2Fmalaysia%2Fjohor%2F%3Fp%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://postal-codes.cybo.com/malaysia/kluang/">"Postal codes in Kluang"</a>. cybo.com. Retrieved 8 July 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Postal+codes+in+Kluang&rft.pub=cybo.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpostal-codes.cybo.com%2Fmalaysia%2Fkluang%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://area-codes.cybo.com/malaysia/johor/?p=1">"Area codes in Johor"</a>. cybo.com. Retrieved 8 July 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Area+codes+in+Johor&rft.pub=cybo.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farea-codes.cybo.com%2Fmalaysia%2Fjohor%2F%3Fp%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170519030502/http://www.jpn.gov.my/en/kod-negeri/">"State Code"</a>. Malaysian National Registration Department. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jpn.gov.my/en/kod-negeri/">the original</a> on 19 May 2017. Retrieved 8 July 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=State+Code&rft.pub=Malaysian+National+Registration+Department&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpn.gov.my%2Fen%2Fkod-negeri%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTeh_Wei_Soon2015" class="citation web cs1">Teh Wei Soon (23 March 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150708091603/http://malaysiandigest.com/features/546797-some-little-known-facts-on-malaysian-vehicle-registration-plates.html">"Some Little Known Facts On Malaysian Vehicle Registration Plates"</a>. Malaysian Digest. Archived from the original on 8 July 2015. Retrieved 8 July 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Some+Little+Known+Facts+On+Malaysian+Vehicle+Registration+Plates&rft.pub=Malaysian+Digest&rft.date=2015-03-23&rft.au=Teh+Wei+Soon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmalaysiandigest.com%2Ffeatures%2F546797-some-little-known-facts-on-malaysian-vehicle-registration-plates.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: unfit URL (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_unfit_URL" title="Category:CS1 maint: unfit URL">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.selangor.gov.my/sabakbernam/resources/PENERBITAN_PENEMUAN_UTAMA_BANCI_PENDUDUK_DAN_PERUMAHAN_MALAYSIA_2020.pdf">"penemuan utama banci penduduk dan perumahan malaysia, 2020"</a> (PDF). Banci 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Banci+2020&rft.atitle=penemuan+utama+banci+penduduk+dan+perumahan+malaysia%2C+2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.selangor.gov.my%2Fsabakbernam%2Fresources%2FPENERBITAN_PENEMUAN_UTAMA_BANCI_PENDUDUK_DAN_PERUMAHAN_MALAYSIA_2020.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iim.com.my/state-of-malaysia/johor.html">"Johor – Info Malaysia (IIM) Leading Industrial, Commercial, Tourism & Information in Malaysia"</a>. www.iim.com.my. Retrieved 26 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.iim.com.my&rft.atitle=Johor+%E2%80%93+Info+Malaysia+%28IIM%29+Leading+Industrial%2C+Commercial%2C+Tourism+%26+Information+in+Malaysia.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iim.com.my%2Fstate-of-malaysia%2Fjohor.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBERNAMA2023" class="citation web cs1">BERNAMA (11 August 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bernama.com/en/news.php?id=2242889">"JOHOR RECORDS TOTAL TRADE OF RM563.31 BLN TO SEPTEMBER, REMAINS COUNTRY'S LARGEST TRADE CONTRIBUTOR"</a>. BERNAMA. Retrieved 4 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BERNAMA&rft.atitle=JOHOR+RECORDS+TOTAL+TRADE+OF+RM563.31+BLN+TO+SEPTEMBER%2C+REMAINS+COUNTRY%27S+LARGEST+TRADE+CONTRIBUTOR&rft.date=2023-08-11&rft.au=BERNAMA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bernama.com%2Fen%2Fnews.php%3Fid%3D2242889&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFS._Durai_Raja_Singam1962" class="citation book cs1">S. Durai Raja Singam (1962). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=D4UdAAAAMAAJ&q=johor+jewel">Malayan Place Names</a>. Liang Khoo Printing Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Malayan+Place+Names&rft.pub=Liang+Khoo+Printing+Company&rft.date=1962&rft.au=S.+Durai+Raja+Singam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DD4UdAAAAMAAJ%26q%3Djohor%2Bjewel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-John_Krich-17">^ <a href="#cite_ref-John_Krich_17-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-John_Krich_17-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohn_Krich2015" class="citation magazine cs1">John Krich (8 April 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170424201844/http://www.nationalgeographic.com/travel/johor-jewel-of-malaysia/">"Johor: Jewel of Malaysia"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Geographic" title="National Geographic">National Geographic</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nationalgeographic.com/travel/johor-jewel-of-malaysia/">the original</a> on 24 April 2017. Retrieved 24 June 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Geographic&rft.atitle=Johor%3A+Jewel+of+Malaysia&rft.date=2015-04-08&rft.au=John+Krich&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalgeographic.com%2Ftravel%2Fjohor-jewel-of-malaysia%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-etymology_of_Johor-18">^ <a href="#cite_ref-etymology_of_Johor_18-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-etymology_of_Johor_18-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-etymology_of_Johor_18-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-etymology_of_Johor_18-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090221075244/http://www.nst.com.my/Current_News/JohorBuzz/Monday/MyJohor/2480438/Article/index_html">"Ancient names of Johor"</a>. <a href="/wiki/New_Straits_Times" title="New Straits Times">New Straits Times</a>. 21 February 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nst.com.my/Current_News/JohorBuzz/Monday/MyJohor/2480438/Article/index_html">the original</a> on 21 February 2009. Retrieved 13 January 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Straits+Times&rft.atitle=Ancient+names+of+Johor&rft.date=2009-02-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nst.com.my%2FCurrent_News%2FJohorBuzz%2FMonday%2FMyJohor%2F2480438%2FArticle%2Findex_html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-etymology-19">^ <a href="#cite_ref-etymology_19-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-etymology_19-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTang_Ruxyn2017" class="citation web cs1">Tang Ruxyn (26 April 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180113091221/http://says.com/my/lifestyle/the-origins-of-state-names-in-malaysia">"The Stories And Facts Behind How The 13 States Of Malaysia Got Their Names"</a>. Says.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://says.com/my/lifestyle/the-origins-of-state-names-in-malaysia">the original</a> on 13 January 2018. Retrieved 13 January 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Says.com&rft.atitle=The+Stories+And+Facts+Behind+How+The+13+States+Of+Malaysia+Got+Their+Names&rft.date=2017-04-26&rft.au=Tang+Ruxyn&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsays.com%2Fmy%2Flifestyle%2Fthe-origins-of-state-names-in-malaysia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Johor_information-20"><a href="#cite_ref-Johor_information_20-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180727075245/http://tourism.johor.my/facts-about-johor/">"Facts About Johor"</a>. Johor Tourism. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tourism.johor.my/facts-about-johor/">the original</a> on 27 July 2018. Retrieved 27 July 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Facts+About+Johor&rft.pub=Johor+Tourism&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftourism.johor.my%2Ffacts-about-johor%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbdul_Latip_bin_Talib2014" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Abdul Latip bin Talib (14 July 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=F8cCBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA34">Moyang Salleh</a> [Salleh Great-grandparent] (in Malay). PTS Litera Utama. pp. 34–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-967-408-158-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-967-408-158-4"><bdi>978-967-408-158-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Moyang+Salleh&rft.pages=34-&rft.pub=PTS+Litera+Utama&rft.date=2014-07-14&rft.isbn=978-967-408-158-4&rft.au=Abdul+Latip+bin+Talib&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DF8cCBAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA34&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180113185025/http://johorsoutherntigers.com.my/interesting-facts-history-of-johor-the-origins-of-the-word-johor/">"The origins of the word Johor"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Johor_Darul_Ta%27zim_F.C." title="Johor Darul Ta'zim F.C.">Johor Darul Ta'zim F.C.</a> Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://johorsoutherntigers.com.my/interesting-facts-history-of-johor-the-origins-of-the-word-johor/">the original</a> on 13 January 2018. Retrieved 13 January 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+origins+of+the+word+Johor&rft.pub=Johor+Darul+Ta%27zim+F.C.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjohorsoutherntigers.com.my%2Finteresting-facts-history-of-johor-the-origins-of-the-word-johor%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110831122622/http://www.jsic.com.my/linkpage02/his.php">"Johor History"</a>. Johor State Investment Centre. 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jsic.com.my/linkpage02/his.php">the original</a> on 31 August 2011. Retrieved 13 January 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Johor+History&rft.pub=Johor+State+Investment+Centre&rft.date=2009&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jsic.com.my%2Flinkpage02%2Fhis.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJonathan_Rigg1862" class="citation book cs1">Jonathan Rigg (1862). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XizCJm_ibRMC&pg=PA177">A dictionary of the Sunda language of Java</a>. Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen. pp. 177–.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+dictionary+of+the+Sunda+language+of+Java&rft.pages=177-&rft.pub=Bataviaasch+Genootschap+van+Kunsten+en+Wetenschappen&rft.date=1862&rft.au=Jonathan+Rigg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXizCJm_ibRMC%26pg%3DPA177&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Johor_origin-25">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Johor_origin_25-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Johor_origin_25-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Johor_origin_25-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080209105902/http://sejarahmalaysia.pnm.my/portalBI/list.php?ttl_id=8&section=sm03">"Origin of Place Names – Johor"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Malaysia" title="National Library of Malaysia">National Library of Malaysia</a>. 2000. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sejarahmalaysia.pnm.my:80/portalBI/list.php?ttl_id=8&section=sm03">the original</a> on 9 February 2008. Retrieved 13 January 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Origin+of+Place+Names+%E2%80%93+Johor&rft.pub=National+Library+of+Malaysia&rft.date=2000&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsejarahmalaysia.pnm.my%3A80%2FportalBI%2Flist.php%3Fttl_id%3D8%26section%3Dsm03&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jacq-Hergoualc'h2002-26">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Jacq-Hergoualc'h2002_26-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jacq-Hergoualc'h2002_26-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMichel_Jacq-Hergoualc'h2002" class="citation book cs1">Michel Jacq-Hergoualc'h (2002). The Malay Peninsula: Crossroads of the Maritime Silk-Road (100 Bc-1300 Ad). BRILL. p. 77. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789004119734" title="Special:BookSources/9789004119734"><bdi>9789004119734</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Malay+Peninsula%3A+Crossroads+of+the+Maritime+Silk-Road+%28100+Bc-1300+Ad%29&rft.pages=77&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=9789004119734&rft.au=Michel+Jacq-Hergoualc%27h&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFP._Boomgaard2007" class="citation book cs1">P. Boomgaard (2007). Southeast Asia: An Environmental History. ABC-CLIO. p. 47. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85109-419-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85109-419-6"><bdi>978-1-85109-419-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Southeast+Asia%3A+An+Environmental+History&rft.pages=47&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-85109-419-6&rft.au=P.+Boomgaard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeong_Sau_Heng1993" class="citation web cs1">Leong Sau Heng (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180115172817/http://spaj.ukm.my/jurnalarkeologi/index.php/jurnalarkeologi/article/download/63/34">"Ancient Trading Centres in the Malay Peninsula"</a>. Malaysian Archaeology Journal University of Malaya. pp. 2 and 8. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://spaj.ukm.my/jurnalarkeologi/index.php/jurnalarkeologi/article/download/63/34">the original</a> on 15 January 2018. Retrieved 15 January 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ancient+Trading+Centres+in+the+Malay+Peninsula&rft.pages=2+and+8&rft.pub=Malaysian+Archaeology+Journal+University+of+Malaya&rft.date=1993&rft.au=Leong+Sau+Heng&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fspaj.ukm.my%2Fjurnalarkeologi%2Findex.php%2Fjurnalarkeologi%2Farticle%2Fdownload%2F63%2F34&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180114082813/https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2005/02/03/manuscript-leads-to-lost-city/">"Manuscript leads to lost city"</a>. The Star. 3 February 2005. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2005/02/03/manuscript-leads-to-lost-city/">the original</a> on 14 January 2018. Retrieved 14 January 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Star&rft.atitle=Manuscript+leads+to+lost+city&rft.date=2005-02-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com.my%2Fnews%2Fnation%2F2005%2F02%2F03%2Fmanuscript-leads-to-lost-city%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTeoh_Teik_HoongAudrey_Edwards2005" class="citation web cs1">Teoh Teik Hoong; Audrey Edwards (4 February 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180114082056/https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2005/02/04/johor-relics-predate-malacca/">"Johor relics predate Malacca"</a>. The Star. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2005/02/04/johor-relics-predate-malacca/">the original</a> on 14 January 2018. Retrieved 14 January 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Star&rft.atitle=Johor+relics+predate+Malacca&rft.date=2005-02-04&rft.au=Teoh+Teik+Hoong&rft.au=Audrey+Edwards&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com.my%2Fnews%2Fnation%2F2005%2F02%2F04%2Fjohor-relics-predate-malacca%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMazwin_Nik_Anis2005" class="citation web cs1">Mazwin Nik Anis (8 February 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180114115551/https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2005/02/08/lost-city-is-not-kota-gelanggi/">"Lost city is 'not Kota Gelanggi'"</a>. The Star. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2005/02/08/lost-city-is-not-kota-gelanggi/">the original</a> on 14 January 2018. Retrieved 14 January 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Star&rft.atitle=Lost+city+is+%27not+Kota+Gelanggi%27&rft.date=2005-02-08&rft.au=Mazwin+Nik+Anis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com.my%2Fnews%2Fnation%2F2005%2F02%2F08%2Flost-city-is-not-kota-gelanggi%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnthony_ReidBarbara_Watson_AndayaGeoff_WadeAzyumardi_Azra2013" class="citation book cs1">Anthony Reid; Barbara Watson Andaya; Geoff Wade; Azyumardi Azra; Numan Hayimasae; Christopher Joll; Francis R. Bradley; Philip King; Dennis Walker; Kobkua Suwannathat-Pian; Iik A. Mansurnoor; Duncan McCargo (1 January 2013). Ghosts of the Past in Southern Thailand: Essays on the History and Historiography of Patani. NUS Press. p. 74. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789971696351" title="Special:BookSources/9789971696351"><bdi>9789971696351</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ghosts+of+the+Past+in+Southern+Thailand%3A+Essays+on+the+History+and+Historiography+of+Patani&rft.pages=74&rft.pub=NUS+Press&rft.date=2013-01-01&rft.isbn=9789971696351&rft.au=Anthony+Reid&rft.au=Barbara+Watson+Andaya&rft.au=Geoff+Wade&rft.au=Azyumardi+Azra&rft.au=Numan+Hayimasae&rft.au=Christopher+Joll&rft.au=Francis+R.+Bradley&rft.au=Philip+King&rft.au=Dennis+Walker&rft.au=Kobkua+Suwannathat-Pian&rft.au=Iik+A.+Mansurnoor&rft.au=Duncan+McCargo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Johor_Sultanate_history-33">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Johor_Sultanate_history_33-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Johor_Sultanate_history_33-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Johor_Sultanate_history_33-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Johor_Sultanate_history_33-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Johor_Sultanate_history_33-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Johor_Sultanate_history_33-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Johor_Sultanate_history_33-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Johor_Sultanate_history_33-7">h</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150702012653/http://kemahkotaan.johor.gov.my/pengenalan/sejarah-kesultanan-johor/?lang=en">"History of the Johor Sultanate"</a>. Coronation of HRH Sultan Ibrahim. 2015. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kemahkotaan.johor.gov.my/pengenalan/sejarah-kesultanan-johor/?lang=en">the original</a> on 2 July 2015. Retrieved 14 January 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+of+the+Johor+Sultanate&rft.pub=Coronation+of+HRH+Sultan+Ibrahim&rft.date=2015&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkemahkotaan.johor.gov.my%2Fpengenalan%2Fsejarah-kesultanan-johor%2F%3Flang%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBorschberg2016" class="citation book cs1">Borschberg, Peter (11 January 2016). The Encyclopedia of Empire. Wiley Online Library. pp. 1–3. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2F9781118455074.wbeoe105">10.1002/9781118455074.wbeoe105</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781118455074" title="Special:BookSources/9781118455074"><bdi>9781118455074</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+Empire&rft.pages=1-3&rft.pub=Wiley+Online+Library&rft.date=2016-01-11&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2F9781118455074.wbeoe105&rft.isbn=9781118455074&rft.aulast=Borschberg&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOoi_Keat_GinHoang_Anh_Tuan2015" class="citation book cs1">Ooi Keat Gin; Hoang Anh Tuan (8 October 2015). Early Modern Southeast Asia, 1350–1800. Routledge. p. 136. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781317559191" title="Special:BookSources/9781317559191"><bdi>9781317559191</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Early+Modern+Southeast+Asia%2C+1350%E2%80%931800&rft.pages=136&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2015-10-08&rft.isbn=9781317559191&rft.au=Ooi+Keat+Gin&rft.au=Hoang+Anh+Tuan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sejarah-nusantara.anri.go.id/hartakarun/item/07/introduction">"Letter from King of Johor, Abdul Jalil Shah IV (r. 1699-1720), to Governor-General Abraham van Riebeeck, 26 April 1713"</a>. National Archives of Indonesia. Retrieved 25 June 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Letter+from+King+of+Johor%2C+Abdul+Jalil+Shah+IV+%28r.+1699-1720%29%2C+to+Governor-General+Abraham+van+Riebeeck%2C+26+April+1713&rft.pub=National+Archives+of+Indonesia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsejarah-nusantara.anri.go.id%2Fhartakarun%2Fitem%2F07%2Fintroduction&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Anderson1824-37"><a href="#cite_ref-Anderson1824_37-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohn_Anderson1824" class="citation book cs1">John Anderson (1824). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MEYIAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA25">Political and commercial considerations relative to the Malayan peninsula, and the British settlements in the straits of Malacca</a>. p. 25.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Political+and+commercial+considerations+relative+to+the+Malayan+peninsula%2C+and+the+British+settlements+in+the+straits+of+Malacca&rft.pages=25&rft.date=1824&rft.au=John+Anderson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMEYIAAAAQAAJ%26pg%3DPA25&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFM.C._Ricklefs1981" class="citation book cs1">M.C. Ricklefs (1981). A History of Modern Indonesia. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 29–46. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-1-349-16645-9_4">10.1007/978-1-349-16645-9_4</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780333243800" title="Special:BookSources/9780333243800"><bdi>9780333243800</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Modern+Indonesia&rft.pages=29-46&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=1981&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-1-349-16645-9_4&rft.isbn=9780333243800&rft.au=M.C.+Ricklefs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaulo_Jorge_Sousa_Pinto1996" class="citation journal cs1">Paulo Jorge Sousa Pinto (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/5366554">"Melaka, Johor and Aceh: A bird's eye view over a Portuguese-Malay Triangular Balance (1575–1619)"</a> (PDF). Files of the Calouste Gulbenkian Cultural Centre, Composite, Printed and Stitched in Graphic Arts Workshops & Xavier Barbosa, Limited, Braga. Academia.edu: 109–112. Retrieved 15 January 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Files+of+the+Calouste+Gulbenkian+Cultural+Centre%2C+Composite%2C+Printed+and+Stitched+in+Graphic+Arts+Workshops+%26+Xavier+Barbosa%2C+Limited%2C+Braga&rft.atitle=Melaka%2C+Johor+and+Aceh%3A+A+bird%27s+eye+view+over+a+Portuguese-Malay+Triangular+Balance+%281575%E2%80%931619%29&rft.pages=109-112&rft.date=1996&rft.au=Paulo+Jorge+Sousa+Pinto&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F5366554&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-RicklefsLockhart2010-40">^ <a href="#cite_ref-RicklefsLockhart2010_40-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-RicklefsLockhart2010_40-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-RicklefsLockhart2010_40-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFM.C._RicklefsBruce_LockhartAlbert_LauPortia_Reyes2010" class="citation book cs1">M.C. Ricklefs; Bruce Lockhart; Albert Lau; Portia Reyes; Maitrii Aung-Thwin (19 November 2010). A New History of Southeast Asia. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 150–151. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781137015549" title="Special:BookSources/9781137015549"><bdi>9781137015549</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+New+History+of+Southeast+Asia&rft.pages=150-151&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2010-11-19&rft.isbn=9781137015549&rft.au=M.C.+Ricklefs&rft.au=Bruce+Lockhart&rft.au=Albert+Lau&rft.au=Portia+Reyes&rft.au=Maitrii+Aung-Thwin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeter_Borschberg2009" class="citation web cs1">Peter Borschberg (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iilj.org/publications/the-johor-voc-alliance-and-the-twelve-years-truce-factionalism-intrigue-and-international-diplomacy/">"The Johor-VOC Alliance and the Twelve Years' Truce: Factionalism, Intrigue and International Diplomacy"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_University_of_Singapore" title="National University of Singapore">National University of Singapore</a> (IILJ Working Paper 2009/8, History and Theory of International Law Series ed.). Institute for International Law and Justice, <a href="/wiki/New_York_University_School_of_Law" title="New York University School of Law">New York University School of Law</a>. Retrieved 25 June 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+University+of+Singapore&rft.atitle=The+Johor-VOC+Alliance+and+the+Twelve+Years%27+Truce%3A+Factionalism%2C+Intrigue+and+International+Diplomacy&rft.date=2009&rft.au=Peter+Borschberg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iilj.org%2Fpublications%2Fthe-johor-voc-alliance-and-the-twelve-years-truce-factionalism-intrigue-and-international-diplomacy%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Percillier2016-42">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Percillier2016_42-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Percillier2016_42-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMichael_Percillier2016" class="citation book cs1">Michael Percillier (7 September 2016). World Englishes and Second Language Acquisition: Insights from Southeast Asian Englishes. John Benjamins Publishing Company. p. 8. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789027266651" title="Special:BookSources/9789027266651"><bdi>9789027266651</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=World+Englishes+and+Second+Language+Acquisition%3A+Insights+from+Southeast+Asian+Englishes&rft.pages=8&rft.pub=John+Benjamins+Publishing+Company&rft.date=2016-09-07&rft.isbn=9789027266651&rft.au=Michael+Percillier&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gin2017-43">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gin2017_43-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gin2017_43-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOoi_Keat_Gin2017" class="citation book cs1">Ooi Keat Gin (18 December 2017). Historical Dictionary of Malaysia. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. pp. 217–218. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781538108857" title="Special:BookSources/9781538108857"><bdi>9781538108857</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+Malaysia&rft.pages=217-218&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield+Publishers&rft.date=2017-12-18&rft.isbn=9781538108857&rft.au=Ooi+Keat+Gin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDennis_De_Witt2008" class="citation book cs1">Dennis De Witt (2008). History of the Dutch in Malaysia: In Commemoration of Malaysia's 50 Years as an Independent Nation and Over Four Centuries of Friendship and Diplomatic Ties Between Malaysia and the Netherlands. Nutmeg Publishing. p. 11. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789834351908" title="Special:BookSources/9789834351908"><bdi>9789834351908</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+the+Dutch+in+Malaysia%3A+In+Commemoration+of+Malaysia%27s+50+Years+as+an+Independent+Nation+and+Over+Four+Centuries+of+Friendship+and+Diplomatic+Ties+Between+Malaysia+and+the+Netherlands&rft.pages=11&rft.pub=Nutmeg+Publishing&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9789834351908&rft.au=Dennis+De+Witt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFA._GUTHRIE_(of_the_Straits_Settlements,_and_OTHERS.)1861" class="citation book cs1">A. GUTHRIE (of the Straits Settlements, and OTHERS.) (1861). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FUVcAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA1">The British Possessions in the Straits of Malacca. [An Address to the Secretary of State for the Colonies, Signed by A. Guthrie and Others, and Dated April 20th, 1861, in Reference to the Transfer of the Administration of the British Possessions in the Straits of Malacca to the Colonial Office</a>. p. 1.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+British+Possessions+in+the+Straits+of+Malacca.+%26%2391%3BAn+Address+to+the+Secretary+of+State+for+the+Colonies%2C+Signed+by+A.+Guthrie+and+Others%2C+and+Dated+April+20th%2C+1861%2C+in+Reference+to+the+Transfer+of+the+Administration+of+the+British+Possessions+in+the+Straits+of+Malacca+to+the+Colonial+Office&rft.pages=1&rft.date=1861&rft.au=A.+GUTHRIE+%28of+the+Straits+Settlements%2C+and+OTHERS.%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFUVcAAAAcAAJ%26pg%3DPA1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobert_J._Antony2010" class="citation book cs1">Robert J. Antony (1 October 2010). Elusive Pirates, Pervasive Smugglers: Violence and Clandestine Trade in the Greater China Seas. Hong Kong University Press. pp. 129–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-988-8028-11-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-988-8028-11-5"><bdi>978-988-8028-11-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Elusive+Pirates%2C+Pervasive+Smugglers%3A+Violence+and+Clandestine+Trade+in+the+Greater+China+Seas&rft.pages=129-&rft.pub=Hong+Kong+University+Press&rft.date=2010-10-01&rft.isbn=978-988-8028-11-5&rft.au=Robert+J.+Antony&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gopinath1991-47">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gopinath1991_47-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gopinath1991_47-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAruna_Gopinath1991" class="citation book cs1">Aruna Gopinath (1991). Pahang, 1880-1933: a political history. Council of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789839961423" title="Special:BookSources/9789839961423"><bdi>9789839961423</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pahang%2C+1880-1933%3A+a+political+history&rft.pub=Council+of+the+Malaysian+Branch+of+the+Royal+Asiatic+Society&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=9789839961423&rft.au=Aruna+Gopinath&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ooi2004-48">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ooi2004_48-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ooi2004_48-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ooi2004_48-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ooi2004_48-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ooi2004_48-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOoi_Keat_Gin2004" class="citation book cs1">Ooi Keat Gin (2004). Southeast Asia: A Historical Encyclopedia, from Angkor Wat to East Timor. ABC-CLIO. pp. 699 and 1365. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781576077702" title="Special:BookSources/9781576077702"><bdi>9781576077702</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Southeast+Asia%3A+A+Historical+Encyclopedia%2C+from+Angkor+Wat+to+East+Timor&rft.pages=699+and+1365&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=9781576077702&rft.au=Ooi+Keat+Gin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMichael_Leifer1978" class="citation book cs1">Michael Leifer (1 January 1978). Malacca, Singapore, and Indonesia. BRILL. p. 9. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789028607781" title="Special:BookSources/9789028607781"><bdi>9789028607781</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Malacca%2C+Singapore%2C+and+Indonesia&rft.pages=9&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=1978-01-01&rft.isbn=9789028607781&rft.au=Michael+Leifer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-recognition_and_treaty-50">^ <a href="#cite_ref-recognition_and_treaty_50-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-recognition_and_treaty_50-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-recognition_and_treaty_50-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Bibliographic Set (2 Vol Set). International Court of Justice, Digest of Judgments and Advisory Opinions, Canon and Case Law 1946 – 2011. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. June 2012. p. 1448. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789004230620" title="Special:BookSources/9789004230620"><bdi>9789004230620</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bibliographic+Set+%282+Vol+Set%29.+International+Court+of+Justice%2C+Digest+of+Judgments+and+Advisory+Opinions%2C+Canon+and+Case+Law+1946+%E2%80%93+2011&rft.pages=1448&rft.pub=Martinus+Nijhoff+Publishers&rft.date=2012-06&rft.isbn=9789004230620&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNor-Afidah2004" class="citation web cs1">Nor-Afidah (14 December 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180121060818/http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/infopedia/articles/SIP_3_2004-12-14.html">"Sultan Hussein Shah"</a>. National Library Board Singapore. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/infopedia/articles/SIP_3_2004-12-14.html">the original</a> on 21 January 2018. Retrieved 21 January 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sultan+Hussein+Shah&rft.pub=National+Library+Board+Singapore&rft.date=2004-12-14&rft.au=Nor-Afidah&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feresources.nlb.gov.sg%2Finfopedia%2Farticles%2FSIP_3_2004-12-14.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNor-Afidah2014" class="citation web cs1">Nor-Afidah (15 May 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180121060511/http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/infopedia/articles/SIP_2014-05-16_133354.html">"1819 Singapore Treaty [6 February 1819]"</a>. National Library Board, Singapore. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/infopedia/articles/SIP_2014-05-16_133354.html">the original</a> on 21 January 2018. Retrieved 21 January 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1819+Singapore+Treaty+%5B6+February+1819%5D&rft.pub=National+Library+Board%2C+Singapore&rft.date=2014-05-15&rft.au=Nor-Afidah&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feresources.nlb.gov.sg%2Finfopedia%2Farticles%2FSIP_2014-05-16_133354.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=41caAQAAIAAJ&q=temenggong+abdul+rahman+johor-singapore+british+recognise">Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society</a>. The Branch. 1993. p. 7.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Journal+of+the+Malaysian+Branch+of+the+Royal+Asiatic+Society&rft.pages=7&rft.pub=The+Branch&rft.date=1993&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D41caAQAAIAAJ%26q%3Dtemenggong%2Babdul%2Brahman%2Bjohor-singapore%2Bbritish%2Brecognise&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKevin_YL_Tan2015" class="citation book cs1">Kevin YL Tan (30 April 2015). The Constitution of Singapore: A Contextual Analysis. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 12. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781782258094" title="Special:BookSources/9781782258094"><bdi>9781782258094</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Constitution+of+Singapore%3A+A+Contextual+Analysis&rft.pages=12&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing&rft.date=2015-04-30&rft.isbn=9781782258094&rft.au=Kevin+YL+Tan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFM._A._Fawzi_Mohd._Basri1988" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">M. A. Fawzi Mohd. Basri (1988). Johor, 1855–1917: pentadbiran dan perkembangannya [Johor, 1855–1917: its administration and development] (in Malay). Fajar Bakti. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789679337174" title="Special:BookSources/9789679337174"><bdi>9789679337174</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Johor%2C+1855%E2%80%931917%3A+pentadbiran+dan+perkembangannya&rft.pub=Fajar+Bakti&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=9789679337174&rft.au=M.+A.+Fawzi+Mohd.+Basri&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-jh-55">^ <a href="#cite_ref-jh_55-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-jh_55-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbdul_Ghani_Hamid1988" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Abdul Ghani Hamid (3 October 1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/beritaharian19881003-1.2.20.8.aspx">"Tengku Ali serah Johor kepada Temenggung (Kenangan Sejarah)"</a> [Tengku Ali surrenders Johor to Temenggung (Historical Flashback)] (in Malay). Berita Harian Singapore. Retrieved 30 June 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tengku+Ali+serah+Johor+kepada+Temenggung+%28Kenangan+Sejarah%29&rft.pub=Berita+Harian+Singapore&rft.date=1988-10-03&rft.au=Abdul+Ghani+Hamid&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feresources.nlb.gov.sg%2Fnewspapers%2FDigitised%2FArticle%2Fberitaharian19881003-1.2.20.8.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180121073548/http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/history/events/87147014-94bd-4a77-a26f-e1cc8ef02359">"Johor Treaty is signed [10 March 1855]"</a>. National Library Board, Singapore. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/history/events/87147014-94bd-4a77-a26f-e1cc8ef02359">the original</a> on 21 January 2018. Retrieved 21 January 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Johor+Treaty+is+signed+%5B10+March+1855%5D&rft.pub=National+Library+Board%2C+Singapore&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feresources.nlb.gov.sg%2Fhistory%2Fevents%2F87147014-94bd-4a77-a26f-e1cc8ef02359&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-British_and_Johor-57">^ <a href="#cite_ref-British_and_Johor_57-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-British_and_Johor_57-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-British_and_Johor_57-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFC._M._Turnbull2009" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/C._M._Turnbull" class="mw-redirect" title="C. M. Turnbull">C. M. Turnbull</a> (16 October 2009). "British colonialism and the making of the modern Johor monarchy". Indonesia and the Malay World. 37 (109). <a href="/wiki/Taylor_%26_Francis" title="Taylor & Francis">Taylor & Francis</a>: 227–248. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F13639810903269227">10.1080/13639810903269227</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:159776294">159776294</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Indonesia+and+the+Malay+World&rft.atitle=British+colonialism+and+the+making+of+the+modern+Johor+monarchy&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=109&rft.pages=227-248&rft.date=2009-10-16&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F13639810903269227&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A159776294%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.au=C.+M.+Turnbull&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeter_TurnerHugh_Finlay1996" class="citation book cs1">Peter Turner; Hugh Finlay (1996). Malaysia, Singapore and Brunei. Lonely Planet Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780864423931" title="Special:BookSources/9780864423931"><bdi>9780864423931</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Malaysia%2C+Singapore+and+Brunei&rft.pub=Lonely+Planet+Publications&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=9780864423931&rft.au=Peter+Turner&rft.au=Hugh+Finlay&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFA_Rahman_Tang_Abdullah2008" class="citation web cs1">A Rahman Tang Abdullah (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/277149574">"Modernisation or Westernisation of Johor under Abu Bakar: A Historical Analysis"</a>. International Islamic University Malaysia. pp. 209–231. Retrieved 9 April 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Modernisation+or+Westernisation+of+Johor+under+Abu+Bakar%3A+A+Historical+Analysis&rft.pages=209-231&rft.pub=International+Islamic+University+Malaysia&rft.date=2008&rft.au=A+Rahman+Tang+Abdullah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F277149574&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTrocki2007" class="citation book cs1">Trocki, Carl A. (2007). Prince of Pirates: The Temenggongs and the Development of Johor and Singapore, 1784–1885. NUS Press. p. 22. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789971693763" title="Special:BookSources/9789971693763"><bdi>9789971693763</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Prince+of+Pirates%3A+The+Temenggongs+and+the+Development+of+Johor+and+Singapore%2C+1784%E2%80%931885&rft.pages=22&rft.pub=NUS+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9789971693763&rft.aulast=Trocki&rft.aufirst=Carl+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNatasha_Hamilton-Hart2003" class="citation book cs1">Natasha Hamilton-Hart (2003). Asian States, Asian Bankers: Central Banking in Southeast Asia. Singapore University Press. p. 102. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789971692704" title="Special:BookSources/9789971692704"><bdi>9789971692704</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Asian+States%2C+Asian+Bankers%3A+Central+Banking+in+Southeast+Asia&rft.pages=102&rft.pub=Singapore+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=9789971692704&rft.au=Natasha+Hamilton-Hart&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMuzaffar_Husain_SyedSyed_Saud_AkhtarB_D_Usmani2011" class="citation book cs1">Muzaffar Husain Syed; Syed Saud Akhtar; B D Usmani (14 September 2011). Concise History of Islam. Vij Books India Pvt Ltd. p. 316. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-93-82573-47-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-93-82573-47-0"><bdi>978-93-82573-47-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Concise+History+of+Islam&rft.pages=316&rft.pub=Vij+Books+India+Pvt+Ltd&rft.date=2011-09-14&rft.isbn=978-93-82573-47-0&rft.au=Muzaffar+Husain+Syed&rft.au=Syed+Saud+Akhtar&rft.au=B+D+Usmani&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-reason_for_advisor_acceptance-63">^ <a href="#cite_ref-reason_for_advisor_acceptance_63-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-reason_for_advisor_acceptance_63-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZaemul_Zamhari_Ibrahim2017" class="citation web cs1">Zaemul Zamhari Ibrahim (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/318866594">"Examine the reason why Sultan of Johor finally accepted a British advisor in 1914"</a>. Universiti Brunei Darussalam. pp. 2–5. Retrieved 11 April 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Examine+the+reason+why+Sultan+of+Johor+finally+accepted+a+British+advisor+in+1914&rft.pages=2-5&rft.pub=Universiti+Brunei+Darussalam&rft.date=2017&rft.au=Zaemul+Zamhari+Ibrahim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F318866594&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSimon_C._Smith2008" class="citation journal cs1">Simon C. Smith (10 November 2008). "Conflict and collaboration [Britain and Sultan Ibrahim of Johor]". Indonesia and the Malay World. 36 (106). Taylor & Francis: 345–358. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F13639810802450357">10.1080/13639810802450357</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:159365395">159365395</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Indonesia+and+the+Malay+World&rft.atitle=Conflict+and+collaboration+%5BBritain+and+Sultan+Ibrahim+of+Johor%5D&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=106&rft.pages=345-358&rft.date=2008-11-10&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F13639810802450357&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A159365395%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.au=Simon+C.+Smith&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180409103619/http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/history/events/3c4985cc-517f-4e68-8edd-7a85c67897ea">"Johor is brought under British control [11 May 1914]"</a>. National Library Board, Singapore. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/history/events/3c4985cc-517f-4e68-8edd-7a85c67897ea">the original</a> on 9 April 2018. Retrieved 9 April 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Johor+is+brought+under+British+control+%5B11+May+1914%5D&rft.pub=National+Library+Board%2C+Singapore&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feresources.nlb.gov.sg%2Fhistory%2Fevents%2F3c4985cc-517f-4e68-8edd-7a85c67897ea&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFさや・白石Takashi_Shiraishi1993" class="citation book cs1">さや・白石; Takashi Shiraishi (1993). The Japanese in Colonial Southeast Asia. SEAP Publications. p. 13. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780877274025" title="Special:BookSources/9780877274025"><bdi>9780877274025</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Japanese+in+Colonial+Southeast+Asia&rft.pages=13&rft.pub=SEAP+Publications&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=9780877274025&rft.au=%E3%81%95%E3%82%84%E3%83%BB%E7%99%BD%E7%9F%B3&rft.au=Takashi+Shiraishi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-LimWong2000-67">^ <a href="#cite_ref-LimWong2000_67-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-LimWong2000_67-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-LimWong2000_67-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPatricia_Pui_Huen_LimDiana_Wong2000" class="citation book cs1">Patricia Pui Huen Lim; Diana Wong (2000). War and Memory in Malaysia and Singapore. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. pp. 143–144. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-981-230-037-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-981-230-037-9"><bdi>978-981-230-037-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=War+and+Memory+in+Malaysia+and+Singapore&rft.pages=143-144&rft.pub=Institute+of+Southeast+Asian+Studies&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-981-230-037-9&rft.au=Patricia+Pui+Huen+Lim&rft.au=Diana+Wong&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-AkashiYoshimura2008-68">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AkashiYoshimura2008_68-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-AkashiYoshimura2008_68-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-AkashiYoshimura2008_68-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-AkashiYoshimura2008_68-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-AkashiYoshimura2008_68-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-AkashiYoshimura2008_68-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-AkashiYoshimura2008_68-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-AkashiYoshimura2008_68-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-AkashiYoshimura2008_68-8">i</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYōji_AkashiMako_Yoshimura2008" class="citation book cs1">Yōji Akashi; Mako Yoshimura (1 December 2008). New Perspectives on the Japanese Occupation in Malaya and Singapore, 1941-1945. NUS Press. pp. 26, 42, 43, 44, 70, 126 and 220. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789971692995" title="Special:BookSources/9789971692995"><bdi>9789971692995</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=New+Perspectives+on+the+Japanese+Occupation+in+Malaya+and+Singapore%2C+1941-1945&rft.pages=26%2C+42%2C+43%2C+44%2C+70%2C+126+and+220&rft.pub=NUS+Press&rft.date=2008-12-01&rft.isbn=9789971692995&rft.au=Y%C5%8Dji+Akashi&rft.au=Mako+Yoshimura&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUqbah_Iqbal2016" class="citation book cs1">Uqbah Iqbal (12 October 2016). The Historical Development of Japanese Investment in Malaysia (1910–2003). GRIN Verlag. p. 16. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783668319370" title="Special:BookSources/9783668319370"><bdi>9783668319370</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Historical+Development+of+Japanese+Investment+in+Malaysia+%281910%E2%80%932003%29&rft.pages=16&rft.pub=GRIN+Verlag&rft.date=2016-10-12&rft.isbn=9783668319370&rft.au=Uqbah+Iqbal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChristopher_Alan_BaylyTimothy_Norman_Harper2005" class="citation book cs1">Christopher Alan Bayly; Timothy Norman Harper (2005). Forgotten Armies: The Fall of British Asia, 1941–1945. Harvard University Press. p. 129. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780674017481" title="Special:BookSources/9780674017481"><bdi>9780674017481</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Forgotten+Armies%3A+The+Fall+of+British+Asia%2C+1941%E2%80%931945&rft.pages=129&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=9780674017481&rft.au=Christopher+Alan+Bayly&rft.au=Timothy+Norman+Harper&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Yenne2014-71">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Yenne2014_71-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Yenne2014_71-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBill_Yenne2014" class="citation book cs1">Bill Yenne (20 September 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9c7vCwAAQBAJ&pg=PT131">The Imperial Japanese Army: The Invincible Years 1941–42</a>. Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. 131–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78200-982-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78200-982-5"><bdi>978-1-78200-982-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Imperial+Japanese+Army%3A+The+Invincible+Years+1941%E2%80%9342&rft.pages=131-&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing&rft.date=2014-09-20&rft.isbn=978-1-78200-982-5&rft.au=Bill+Yenne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9c7vCwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT131&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pike2016-72">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Pike2016_72-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pike2016_72-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrancis_Pike2016" class="citation book cs1">Francis Pike (8 September 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SfTQDAAAQBAJ&pg=PT442">Hirohito's War: The Pacific War, 1941–1945</a>. Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. 442–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-350-02122-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-350-02122-8"><bdi>978-1-350-02122-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hirohito%27s+War%3A+The+Pacific+War%2C+1941%E2%80%931945&rft.pages=442-&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing&rft.date=2016-09-08&rft.isbn=978-1-350-02122-8&rft.au=Francis+Pike&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSfTQDAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT442&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Japanese_arrival_Singapore-73">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Japanese_arrival_Singapore_73-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Japanese_arrival_Singapore_73-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStephanie_Ho2013" class="citation web cs1">Stephanie Ho (19 July 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180624014203/http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/infopedia/articles/SIP_2013-07-19_113523.html">"Battle of Singapore"</a>. National Library Board, Singapore. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/infopedia/articles/SIP_2013-07-19_113523.html">the original</a> on 24 June 2018. Retrieved 24 June 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Battle+of+Singapore&rft.pub=National+Library+Board%2C+Singapore&rft.date=2013-07-19&rft.au=Stephanie+Ho&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feresources.nlb.gov.sg%2Finfopedia%2Farticles%2FSIP_2013-07-19_113523.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOoi_Giok_LingRahil_IsmailBrian_J_Shaw2012" class="citation book cs1">Ooi Giok Ling; Rahil Ismail; Brian J Shaw (28 November 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=c0LrqNu5-JEC&pg=PA97">Southeast Asian Culture and Heritage in a Globalising World: Diverging Identities in a Dynamic Region</a>. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. pp. 97–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4094-8801-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4094-8801-9"><bdi>978-1-4094-8801-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Southeast+Asian+Culture+and+Heritage+in+a+Globalising+World%3A+Diverging+Identities+in+a+Dynamic+Region&rft.pages=97-&rft.pub=Ashgate+Publishing%2C+Ltd.&rft.date=2012-11-28&rft.isbn=978-1-4094-8801-9&rft.au=Ooi+Giok+Ling&rft.au=Rahil+Ismail&rft.au=Brian+J+Shaw&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dc0LrqNu5-JEC%26pg%3DPA97&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJoshua_Chia_Yeong_Jia2006" class="citation web cs1">Joshua Chia Yeong Jia (29 December 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180624023601/http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/infopedia/articles/SIP_1221_2006-12-29.html">"Endau Settlement"</a>. National Library Board, Singapore. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/infopedia/articles/SIP_1221_2006-12-29.html">the original</a> on 24 June 2018. Retrieved 24 June 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Endau+Settlement&rft.pub=National+Library+Board%2C+Singapore&rft.date=2006-12-29&rft.au=Joshua+Chia+Yeong+Jia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feresources.nlb.gov.sg%2Finfopedia%2Farticles%2FSIP_1221_2006-12-29.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-communism_in_Malaya-76">^ <a href="#cite_ref-communism_in_Malaya_76-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-communism_in_Malaya_76-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-communism_in_Malaya_76-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-communism_in_Malaya_76-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-communism_in_Malaya_76-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndrew_Sia2009" class="citation web cs1">Andrew Sia (29 November 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180915122127/https://www.thestar.com.my/data/archives/2013/06/26/06/21/rise-and-fall-of-communism-in-malaya/">"Rise and fall of communism in Malaya"</a>. The Star. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com.my/data/archives/2013/06/26/06/21/rise-and-fall-of-communism-in-malaya/">the original</a> on 15 September 2018. Retrieved 24 June 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Star&rft.atitle=Rise+and+fall+of+communism+in+Malaya&rft.date=2009-11-29&rft.au=Andrew+Sia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com.my%2Fdata%2Farchives%2F2013%2F06%2F26%2F06%2F21%2Frise-and-fall-of-communism-in-malaya%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lee2013-77">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lee2013_77-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lee2013_77-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lee2013_77-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lee2013_77-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKhoon_Choy_Lee2013" class="citation book cs1">Khoon Choy Lee (2013). Golden Dragon and Purple Phoenix: The Chinese and Their Multi-ethnic Descendants in Southeast Asia. World Scientific. pp. 432–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-981-4383-44-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-981-4383-44-8"><bdi>978-981-4383-44-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Golden+Dragon+and+Purple+Phoenix%3A+The+Chinese+and+Their+Multi-ethnic+Descendants+in+Southeast+Asia&rft.pages=432-&rft.pub=World+Scientific&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-981-4383-44-8&rft.au=Khoon+Choy+Lee&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pye2015-78">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Pye2015_78-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pye2015_78-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLucian_W._Pye2015" class="citation book cs1">Lucian W. Pye (8 December 2015). Guerilla Communism in Malaya. Princeton University Press. p. 71. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781400877676" title="Special:BookSources/9781400877676"><bdi>9781400877676</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Guerilla+Communism+in+Malaya&rft.pages=71&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2015-12-08&rft.isbn=9781400877676&rft.au=Lucian+W.+Pye&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bose2012-79">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bose2012_79-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bose2012_79-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRomen_Bose2012" class="citation book cs1">Romen Bose (15 June 2012). Singapore At War: Secrets from the Fall, Liberation and the Aftermath of WWII. Marshall Cavendish International Asia Pte Ltd. p. 179. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789814435420" title="Special:BookSources/9789814435420"><bdi>9789814435420</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Singapore+At+War%3A+Secrets+from+the+Fall%2C+Liberation+and+the+Aftermath+of+WWII&rft.pages=179&rft.pub=Marshall+Cavendish+International+Asia+Pte+Ltd&rft.date=2012-06-15&rft.isbn=9789814435420&rft.au=Romen+Bose&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCheah_Boon_Kheng2012" class="citation book cs1">Cheah Boon Kheng (1 January 2012). Red Star Over Malaya: Resistance and Social Conflict During and After the Japanese Occupation, 1941–1946. NUS Press. p. 211. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9971-69-508-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-9971-69-508-8"><bdi>978-9971-69-508-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Red+Star+Over+Malaya%3A+Resistance+and+Social+Conflict+During+and+After+the+Japanese+Occupation%2C+1941%E2%80%931946&rft.pages=211&rft.pub=NUS+Press&rft.date=2012-01-01&rft.isbn=978-9971-69-508-8&rft.au=Cheah+Boon+Kheng&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFM._Stenson2011" class="citation book cs1">M. Stenson (1 November 2011). Class, Race, and Colonialism in West Malaysia. UBC Press. p. 108. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780774844406" title="Special:BookSources/9780774844406"><bdi>9780774844406</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Class%2C+Race%2C+and+Colonialism+in+West+Malaysia&rft.pages=108&rft.pub=UBC+Press&rft.date=2011-11-01&rft.isbn=9780774844406&rft.au=M.+Stenson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJustus_M._Kroef2012" class="citation book cs1">Justus M. Kroef (6 December 2012). Communism in Malaysia and Singapore: A Contemporary Survey. Springer. pp. 37–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-94-015-0499-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-94-015-0499-7"><bdi>978-94-015-0499-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Communism+in+Malaysia+and+Singapore%3A+A+Contemporary+Survey&rft.pages=37-&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2012-12-06&rft.isbn=978-94-015-0499-7&rft.au=Justus+M.+Kroef&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180630081038/http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/history/events/90e4ea74-e949-4269-a522-d0cca976b432">"Malayan Democratic Union is formed [20 December 1945]"</a>. National Library Board, Singapore. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/history/events/90e4ea74-e949-4269-a522-d0cca976b432">the original</a> on 30 June 2018. Retrieved 30 June 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Malayan+Democratic+Union+is+formed+%5B20+December+1945%5D&rft.pub=National+Library+Board%2C+Singapore&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feresources.nlb.gov.sg%2Fhistory%2Fevents%2F90e4ea74-e949-4269-a522-d0cca976b432&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180630080534/http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/history/events/3bf8c766-dd03-4825-b191-e65ef09b237b">"Straits Chinese Association is established [16 August 1900]"</a>. National Library Board, Singapore. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/history/events/3bf8c766-dd03-4825-b191-e65ef09b237b">the original</a> on 30 June 2018. Retrieved 30 June 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Straits+Chinese+Association+is+established+%5B16+August+1900%5D&rft.pub=National+Library+Board%2C+Singapore&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feresources.nlb.gov.sg%2Fhistory%2Fevents%2F3bf8c766-dd03-4825-b191-e65ef09b237b&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJoseph_M._FernandoShanthiah_Rajagopal2017" class="citation journal cs1">Joseph M. Fernando; Shanthiah Rajagopal (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://journals.openedition.org/archipel/445">"Politics, Security and Early Ideas of 'Greater Malaysia', 1945–1961"</a>. Archipel. 94 (94): 97–119. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4000%2Farchipel.445">10.4000/archipel.445</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:158625010">158625010</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archipel&rft.atitle=Politics%2C+Security+and+Early+Ideas+of+%27Greater+Malaysia%27%2C+1945%E2%80%931961&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=94&rft.pages=97-119&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4000%2Farchipel.445&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A158625010%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.au=Joseph+M.+Fernando&rft.au=Shanthiah+Rajagopal&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.openedition.org%2Farchipel%2F445&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnited_States._Dept._of_State._International_Information_Administration._Documentary_Studies_SectionUnited_States_Information_Agency._Special_Materials_SectionUnited_States._International_Communication_Agency1964" class="citation book cs1">United States. Dept. of State. International Information Administration. Documentary Studies Section; United States Information Agency. Special Materials Section; United States. International Communication Agency (1964). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=AY4qAQAAMAAJ">Problems of Communism</a>. Special Materials Section, United States Information Agency.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Problems+of+Communism&rft.pub=Special+Materials+Section%2C+United+States+Information+Agency&rft.date=1964&rft.au=United+States.+Dept.+of+State.+International+Information+Administration.+Documentary+Studies+Section&rft.au=United+States+Information+Agency.+Special+Materials+Section&rft.au=United+States.+International+Communication+Agency&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAY4qAQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRamses_Amer2016" class="citation book cs1">Ramses Amer (23 May 2016). Conflict Management and Dispute Settlement in East Asia. Routledge. p. 52. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781317162162" title="Special:BookSources/9781317162162"><bdi>9781317162162</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Conflict+Management+and+Dispute+Settlement+in+East+Asia&rft.pages=52&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2016-05-23&rft.isbn=9781317162162&rft.au=Ramses+Amer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180630081038/http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/history/events/90e4ea74-e949-4269-a522-d0cca976b432">"Indonesia announces Konfrontasi (Confrontation) [19 January 1963]"</a>. National Library Board, Singapore. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/history/events/126b6b07-f796-4b4c-b658-938001e3213e">the original</a> on 30 June 2018. Retrieved 4 July 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Indonesia+announces+Konfrontasi+%28Confrontation%29+%5B19+January+1963%5D&rft.pub=National+Library+Board%2C+Singapore&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feresources.nlb.gov.sg%2Fhistory%2Fevents%2F126b6b07-f796-4b4c-b658-938001e3213e&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1300&dat=19640907&id=MUBVAAAAIBAJ&pg=6843,1157289">"Aggression Must be Deterred"</a>. The Age. 7 September 1964. Retrieved 4 July 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Age&rft.atitle=Aggression+Must+be+Deterred&rft.date=1964-09-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fnid%3D1300%26dat%3D19640907%26id%3DMUBVAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D6843%2C1157289&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nzhistory.govt.nz/war/confrontation-in-borneo">"Confrontation in Borneo"</a>. NZ History. Government of New Zealand. Retrieved 4 July 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NZ+History&rft.atitle=Confrontation+in+Borneo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnzhistory.govt.nz%2Fwar%2Fconfrontation-in-borneo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFK._Vara1989" class="citation news cs1">K. Vara (16 February 1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1309&dat=19890216&id=eWMmAAAAIBAJ&pg=2091,127515&hl=en">"Quiet town with a troubled past"</a>. New Straits Times. Retrieved 4 July 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Straits+Times&rft.atitle=Quiet+town+with+a+troubled+past&rft.date=1989-02-16&rft.au=K.+Vara&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fnid%3D1309%26dat%3D19890216%26id%3DeWMmAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D2091%2C127515%26hl%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdam_Leong_Kok_Wey2016" class="citation web cs1">Adam Leong Kok Wey (6 September 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com.my/opinion/letters/2016/09/06/a-confrontation-worthy-of-our-remembrance/">"A confrontation worthy of our remembrance"</a>. The Star. Retrieved 4 July 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Star&rft.atitle=A+confrontation+worthy+of+our+remembrance&rft.date=2016-09-06&rft.au=Adam+Leong+Kok+Wey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com.my%2Fopinion%2Fletters%2F2016%2F09%2F06%2Fa-confrontation-worthy-of-our-remembrance%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180704065605/https://www.awm.gov.au/articles/event/indonesian-confrontation">"Indonesian Confrontation, 1963–66"</a>. Australian War Memorial. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.awm.gov.au/articles/event/indonesian-confrontation">the original</a> on 4 July 2018. Retrieved 4 July 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Indonesian+Confrontation%2C+1963%E2%80%9366&rft.pub=Australian+War+Memorial&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.awm.gov.au%2Farticles%2Fevent%2Findonesian-confrontation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHo_Ai_Li2015" class="citation web cs1">Ho Ai Li (9 March 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180706055348/http://www.asiaone.com/singapore/attack-was-sad-thing-it-made-you-angry">"The attack was a sad thing. It made you angry"</a>. The Straits Times. AsiaOne. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.asiaone.com/singapore/attack-was-sad-thing-it-made-you-angry">the original</a> on 6 July 2018. Retrieved 6 July 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Straits+Times&rft.atitle=The+attack+was+a+sad+thing.+It+made+you+angry&rft.date=2015-03-09&rft.au=Ho+Ai+Li&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.asiaone.com%2Fsingapore%2Fattack-was-sad-thing-it-made-you-angry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNarayanan_Ganesan2005" class="citation book cs1">Narayanan Ganesan (18 October 2005). Realism and Interdependence in Singapore's Foreign Policy. Routledge. p. 38. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781134267514" title="Special:BookSources/9781134267514"><bdi>9781134267514</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Realism+and+Interdependence+in+Singapore%27s+Foreign+Policy&rft.pages=38&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2005-10-18&rft.isbn=9781134267514&rft.au=Narayanan+Ganesan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180706060810/http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/history/events/f950e04d-44d7-47ad-a10c-16dfb0cc9ce3">"Konfrontasi (Confrontation) Ends [11 August 1966]"</a>. National Library Board, Singapore. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/history/events/f950e04d-44d7-47ad-a10c-16dfb0cc9ce3">the original</a> on 6 July 2018. Retrieved 6 July 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Konfrontasi+%28Confrontation%29+Ends+%5B11+August+1966%5D&rft.pub=National+Library+Board%2C+Singapore&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feresources.nlb.gov.sg%2Fhistory%2Fevents%2Ff950e04d-44d7-47ad-a10c-16dfb0cc9ce3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OOlKAAAAYAAJ">Malaysian Journal of Tropical Geography</a>. Department of Geography, University of Malaya. 1996.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Malaysian+Journal+of+Tropical+Geography&rft.pub=Department+of+Geography%2C+University+of+Malaya&rft.date=1996&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOOlKAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Johor_as_part_of_Malaysia-98">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Johor_as_part_of_Malaysia_98-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Johor_as_part_of_Malaysia_98-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190822033035/http://www.world-guides.com/asia/malaysia/johor/johor-bahru/johor_bahru_history.html">"Johor Bahru History Facts and Timeline (Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia)"</a>. World Guides. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.world-guides.com/asia/malaysia/johor/johor-bahru/johor_bahru_history.html">the original</a> on 22 August 2019. Retrieved 22 August 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Johor+Bahru+History+Facts+and+Timeline+%28Johor+Bahru%2C+Johor%2C+Malaysia%29&rft.pub=World+Guides&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.world-guides.com%2Fasia%2Fmalaysia%2Fjohor%2Fjohor-bahru%2Fjohor_bahru_history.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAhmad2017" class="citation news cs1">Ahmad, Nabila (13 July 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2017/07/13/jb-central-municipal-council-to-be-upgraded-to-city-council-status/">"JB central municipal council to be upgraded to city council status"</a>. The Star. Retrieved 23 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Star&rft.atitle=JB+central+municipal+council+to+be+upgraded+to+city+council+status&rft.date=2017-07-13&rft.aulast=Ahmad&rft.aufirst=Nabila&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com.my%2Fnews%2Fnation%2F2017%2F07%2F13%2Fjb-central-municipal-council-to-be-upgraded-to-city-council-status%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180721041902/http://studentsrepo.um.edu.my/1453/6/BAB_3.pdf">"[Bab 3] Keanggotaan dalam Badan Perundangan mengikut Undang-undang Tubuh Kerajaan Johor 1895"</a> [[Chapter 3] Membership in the Legal Body under the Law of the Johor State Constitution 1895] (PDF) (in Malay). <a href="/wiki/University_of_Malaya" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Malaya">University of Malaya</a> Students Repository. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://studentsrepo.um.edu.my/1453/6/BAB_3.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 21 July 2018. Retrieved 9 July 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%5BBab+3%5D+Keanggotaan+dalam+Badan+Perundangan+mengikut+Undang-undang+Tubuh+Kerajaan+Johor+1895&rft.pub=University+of+Malaya+Students+Repository&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstudentsrepo.um.edu.my%2F1453%2F6%2FBAB_3.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNelson_Benjamin2017" class="citation web cs1">Nelson Benjamin (12 September 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2017/09/12/honorific-for-johor-sultan-already-in-use-since-1895/">"Honorific for Johor Sultan already in use since 1895"</a>. The Star. Retrieved 9 July 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Star&rft.atitle=Honorific+for+Johor+Sultan+already+in+use+since+1895&rft.date=2017-09-12&rft.au=Nelson+Benjamin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com.my%2Fnews%2Fnation%2F2017%2F09%2F12%2Fhonorific-for-johor-sultan-already-in-use-since-1895%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2010/01/23/tunku-ibrahim-ismail-proclaimed-new-johor-sultan-update/">"Tunku Ibrahim Ismail proclaimed new Johor Sultan (Update)"</a>. The Star. 23 January 2010. Retrieved 9 July 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Star&rft.atitle=Tunku+Ibrahim+Ismail+proclaimed+new+Johor+Sultan+%28Update%29&rft.date=2010-01-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com.my%2Fnews%2Fnation%2F2010%2F01%2F23%2Ftunku-ibrahim-ismail-proclaimed-new-johor-sultan-update%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180709063512/http://kemahkotaan.johor.gov.my/pengenalan/istana/">"Istana"</a> [Palace] (in Malay). Coronation of HRH Sultan Ibrahim. 2015. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kemahkotaan.johor.gov.my/pengenalan/istana/">the original</a> on 9 July 2018. Retrieved 9 July 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Istana&rft.pub=Coronation+of+HRH+Sultan+Ibrahim&rft.date=2015&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkemahkotaan.johor.gov.my%2Fpengenalan%2Fistana%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJunita_Mat_Rasid2018" class="citation news cs1">Junita Mat Rasid (16 May 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nst.com.my/news/politics/2018/05/370014/new-johor-exco-members-sworn">"New Johor Exco members sworn in"</a>. New Straits Times. Retrieved 9 July 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Straits+Times&rft.atitle=New+Johor+Exco+members+sworn+in&rft.date=2018-05-16&rft.au=Junita+Mat+Rasid&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nst.com.my%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2F2018%2F05%2F370014%2Fnew-johor-exco-members-sworn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestartv.com/v/johor-ruler-accept-the-voice-of-the-people-to-form-the-government">Johor Ruler: Accept the voice of the people to form the government</a> (video). The Star TV. 10 May 2018. Event occurs at 1:56. Retrieved 21 July 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Johor+Ruler%3A+Accept+the+voice+of+the+people+to+form+the+government&rft.pub=The+Star+TV&rft.date=2018-05-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestartv.com%2Fv%2Fjohor-ruler-accept-the-voice-of-the-people-to-form-the-government&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFS._JayakumarTommy_Thong_Bee_Koh2009" class="citation book cs1">S. Jayakumar; Tommy Thong Bee Koh (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cL1xgGRCUUUC&pg=PA154">Pedra Branca: The Road to the World Court</a>. NUS Press. pp. 154–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9971-69-457-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-9971-69-457-9"><bdi>978-9971-69-457-9</bdi></a>. <q>Despite transferring control of its defence and external affairs to Britain, it is an undisputed fact that Johor was a sovereign State during the period 1948 to 1957, when the Federation Agreement was in force.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pedra+Branca%3A+The+Road+to+the+World+Court&rft.pages=154-&rft.pub=NUS+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-9971-69-457-9&rft.au=S.+Jayakumar&rft.au=Tommy+Thong+Bee+Koh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcL1xgGRCUUUC%26pg%3DPA154&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180804080409/https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/johor-crown-prince-warns-that-state-may-secede-if-putrajaya-breaches-federations-terms">"Johor crown prince warns that state may secede if Putrajaya breaches federation's terms"</a>. The Straits Times. 16 October 2015. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/johor-crown-prince-warns-that-state-may-secede-if-putrajaya-breaches-federations-terms">the original</a> on 4 August 2018. Retrieved 21 July 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Straits+Times&rft.atitle=Johor+crown+prince+warns+that+state+may+secede+if+Putrajaya+breaches+federation%27s+terms&rft.date=2015-10-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.straitstimes.com%2Fasia%2Fse-asia%2Fjohor-crown-prince-warns-that-state-may-secede-if-putrajaya-breaches-federations-terms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988">  • <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180721061851/https://www.todayonline.com/world/asia/johor-has-right-secede-if-putrajaya-breaches-federations-terms-crown-prince">"Johor has every right to secede from M'sia: Crown Prince"</a>. Today Online. 16 October 2015. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.todayonline.com/world/asia/johor-has-right-secede-if-putrajaya-breaches-federations-terms-crown-prince">the original</a> on 21 July 2018. Retrieved 21 July 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Johor+has+every+right+to+secede+from+M%27sia%3A+Crown+Prince&rft.pub=Today+Online&rft.date=2015-10-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.todayonline.com%2Fworld%2Fasia%2Fjohor-has-right-secede-if-putrajaya-breaches-federations-terms-crown-prince&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988">  • <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSadho_Ram2016" class="citation web cs1">Sadho Ram (24 March 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180721070210/http://says.com/my/imho/the-role-johor-royalty-played-in-1992-constitutional-crisis">"TMJ Recalls A "Dark History" In The Past But Leaves Out The Most Crucial Part"</a>. Says.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://says.com/my/imho/the-role-johor-royalty-played-in-1992-constitutional-crisis">the original</a> on 21 July 2018. Retrieved 21 July 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=TMJ+Recalls+A+%22Dark+History%22+In+The+Past+But+Leaves+Out+The+Most+Crucial+Part&rft.pub=Says.com&rft.date=2016-03-24&rft.au=Sadho+Ram&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsays.com%2Fmy%2Fimho%2Fthe-role-johor-royalty-played-in-1992-constitutional-crisis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Johor_economy-108">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Johor_economy_108-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Johor_economy_108-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://oxfordbusinessgroup.com/overview/state-readiness-wide-range-investment-opportunities-await">"Wide range of investment opportunities await in Johor, Malaysia"</a>. Oxford Business Group. 23 June 2016. Retrieved 21 July 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Wide+range+of+investment+opportunities+await+in+Johor%2C+Malaysia&rft.pub=Oxford+Business+Group&rft.date=2016-06-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Foxfordbusinessgroup.com%2Foverview%2Fstate-readiness-wide-range-investment-opportunities-await&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRizalman_Hammim2017" class="citation news cs1">Rizalman Hammim (22 November 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nst.com.my/news/nation/2017/11/306201/sultan-johor-voices-concern-over-malay-credibility-crisis">"Sultan of Johor voices concern over Malay 'credibility crisis'"</a>. New Straits Times. Retrieved 21 July 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Straits+Times&rft.atitle=Sultan+of+Johor+voices+concern+over+Malay+%27credibility+crisis%27&rft.date=2017-11-22&rft.au=Rizalman+Hammim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nst.com.my%2Fnews%2Fnation%2F2017%2F11%2F306201%2Fsultan-johor-voices-concern-over-malay-credibility-crisis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180721071045/http://dailyexpress.com.my/news.cfm?NewsID=121242">"Johor Sultan alarmed over Malay crisis"</a>. Daily Express. 23 November 2017. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dailyexpress.com.my/news.cfm?NewsID=121242">the original</a> on 21 July 2018. Retrieved 21 July 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Daily+Express&rft.atitle=Johor+Sultan+alarmed+over+Malay+crisis&rft.date=2017-11-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdailyexpress.com.my%2Fnews.cfm%3FNewsID%3D121242&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180721041643/http://jpbd.johor.gov.my/images/jpbd_muatturun/Bahan_DRSNJ2030/Ringkasan_Eksekutif_DRSNJ2030.pdf">"Johor 2030 (Draf Rancangan Struktur Negeri Johor – Profil Negeri Johor)Johor 2030"</a> [Johor 2030 (Johor State Structure Plan Draft – Johor State Profile)] (PDF) (in Malay). Town and Village Planning Department of Johor. p. 5 [8/24]. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jpbd.johor.gov.my/images/jpbd_muatturun/Bahan_DRSNJ2030/Ringkasan_Eksekutif_DRSNJ2030.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 21 July 2018. Retrieved 21 July 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Johor+2030+%28Draf+Rancangan+Struktur+Negeri+Johor+%E2%80%93+Profil+Negeri+Johor%29Johor+2030&rft.pages=5+8%2F24&rft.pub=Town+and+Village+Planning+Department+of+Johor&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjpbd.johor.gov.my%2Fimages%2Fjpbd_muatturun%2FBahan_DRSNJ2030%2FRingkasan_Eksekutif_DRSNJ2030.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Johor_town_planning-112">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Johor_town_planning_112-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Johor_town_planning_112-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Johor_town_planning_112-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Johor_town_planning_112-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Johor_town_planning_112-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180112164253/http://epublisiti.townplan.gov.my/rsn/RSN_Johor2030/RingkasanEksekutifJohor2030.pdf">"Johor 2030 (Rancangan Struktur Negeri Johor 2030 – Kajian Semula)"</a> [Johor 2030 (Johor State Structure Plan 2030 – Review)] (PDF) (in Malay). Town and Village Planning Department of Johor. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://epublisiti.townplan.gov.my/rsn/RSN_Johor2030/RingkasanEksekutifJohor2030.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 12 January 2018. Retrieved 10 August 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Johor+2030+%28Rancangan+Struktur+Negeri+Johor+2030+%E2%80%93+Kajian+Semula%29&rft.pub=Town+and+Village+Planning+Department+of+Johor&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fepublisiti.townplan.gov.my%2Frsn%2FRSN_Johor2030%2FRingkasanEksekutifJohor2030.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201225001513/http://pdnj.johor.gov.my/profil/pd-johorbahru/profil_pegawai_daerah">"Profil Pegawai Daerah"</a> [District Employee Profile] (in Malay). District Office of the State of Johor. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pdnj.johor.gov.my/profil/pd-johorbahru/profil_pegawai_daerah">the original</a> on 25 December 2020. Retrieved 23 July 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Profil+Pegawai+Daerah&rft.pub=District+Office+of+the+State+of+Johor&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpdnj.johor.gov.my%2Fprofil%2Fpd-johorbahru%2Fprofil_pegawai_daerah&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPusat_Pengajian_Pembangunan_Malaysia1978" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Pusat Pengajian Pembangunan Malaysia (1978). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8sFaAQAACAAJ">Panduan tugas untuk penghulu dan Ketua Kampung Negeri Johor</a> [A task guide for local chieftain and Johor State Village Head] (in Malay). Pusat Pengajian Pembangunan Malaysia, Johor Bahru.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Panduan+tugas+untuk+penghulu+dan+Ketua+Kampung+Negeri+Johor&rft.pub=Pusat+Pengajian+Pembangunan+Malaysia%2C+Johor+Bahru&rft.date=1978&rft.au=Pusat+Pengajian+Pembangunan+Malaysia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8sFaAQAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201225001458/http://pdnj.johor.gov.my/penghulu/">"Senarai Penghulu-Penghulu Daerah"</a> [List of District Chieftains] (in Malay). District Office of the State of Johor. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pdnj.johor.gov.my/penghulu/">the original</a> on 25 December 2020. Retrieved 21 July 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Senarai+Penghulu-Penghulu+Daerah&rft.pub=District+Office+of+the+State+of+Johor&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpdnj.johor.gov.my%2Fpenghulu%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMohd._Sarim_Haji_Mustajab1993" class="citation web cs1">Mohd. Sarim Haji Mustajab (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180721052655/http://www.ukm.my/jebat/images/upload/Mohd.%20Sarim%20Haji%20Mustajab%2021.pdf">"Malay Elite Participation in the Johor Civil Service: Its Origins and Development until the 1930s"</a> (PDF). Town and Village Planning Department of Johor. pp. 67–82. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ukm.my/jebat/images/upload/Mohd.%20Sarim%20Haji%20Mustajab%2021.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 21 July 2018. Retrieved 21 July 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Malay+Elite+Participation+in+the+Johor+Civil+Service%3A+Its+Origins+and+Development+until+the+1930s&rft.pages=67-82&rft.pub=Town+and+Village+Planning+Department+of+Johor&rft.date=1993&rft.au=Mohd.+Sarim+Haji+Mustajab&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ukm.my%2Fjebat%2Fimages%2Fupload%2FMohd.%2520Sarim%2520Haji%2520Mustajab%252021.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hussin2016-117"><a href="#cite_ref-Hussin2016_117-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIza_R._Hussin2016" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Iza_Hussin" title="Iza Hussin">Iza R. Hussin</a> (31 March 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=q1ivCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA154">The Politics of Islamic Law: Local Elites, Colonial Authority, and the Making of the Muslim State</a>. University of Chicago Press. pp. 154 and 159. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-226-32334-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-226-32334-3"><bdi>978-0-226-32334-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Politics+of+Islamic+Law%3A+Local+Elites%2C+Colonial+Authority%2C+and+the+Making+of+the+Muslim+State&rft.pages=154+and+159&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=2016-03-31&rft.isbn=978-0-226-32334-3&rft.au=Iza+R.+Hussin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dq1ivCwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA154&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarbara_Watson_AndayaLeonard_Y_Andaya2016" class="citation book cs1">Barbara Watson Andaya; Leonard Y Andaya (11 November 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190502155110/https://books.google.com/books?id=XSOHDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA208">A History of Malaysia</a>. Macmillan International Higher Education. pp. 208–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-137-60515-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-137-60515-3"><bdi>978-1-137-60515-3</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XSOHDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA208">the original</a> on 2 May 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Malaysia&rft.pages=208-&rft.pub=Macmillan+International+Higher+Education&rft.date=2016-11-11&rft.isbn=978-1-137-60515-3&rft.au=Barbara+Watson+Andaya&rft.au=Leonard+Y+Andaya&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXSOHDQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA208&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMuhammad_Kamil_Awang1998" class="citation book cs1">Muhammad Kamil Awang (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cLObAAAAMAAJ">The Sultan & the Constitution</a>. Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-983-62-5980-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-983-62-5980-6"><bdi>978-983-62-5980-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Sultan+%26+the+Constitution&rft.pub=Dewan+Bahasa+dan+Pustaka&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-983-62-5980-6&rft.au=Muhammad+Kamil+Awang&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcLObAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.johor.gov.my/en/sukkt#1523867957295-f2c2c48a-b58b">"Bahagian Kerajaan Tempatan"</a> [Local Government Department [Client's Charter]] (in Malay). State Government of Johor. Retrieved 23 July 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bahagian+Kerajaan+Tempatan&rft.pub=State+Government+of+Johor&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.johor.gov.my%2Fen%2Fsukkt%231523867957295-f2c2c48a-b58b&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140915024439/http://www.commonlii.org/my/legis/const/1957/24.html">"Ninth schedule – Legislative lists"</a>. Commonwealth Legal Information Institute. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.commonlii.org/my/legis/const/1957/24.html">the original</a> on 15 September 2014. Retrieved 24 July 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ninth+schedule+%E2%80%93+Legislative+lists&rft.pub=Commonwealth+Legal+Information+Institute&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.commonlii.org%2Fmy%2Flegis%2Fconst%2F1957%2F24.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/johor-crown-prince-warns-that-state-may-secede-if-putrajaya-breaches-federations-terms">"Johor crown prince warns that state may secede if Putrajaya breaches federation's terms"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Straits_Times" title="The Straits Times">The Straits Times</a>. Kuala Lumpur. 16 October 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Straits+Times&rft.atitle=Johor+crown+prince+warns+that+state+may+secede+if+Putrajaya+breaches+federation%27s+terms&rft.date=2015-10-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.straitstimes.com%2Fasia%2Fse-asia%2Fjohor-crown-prince-warns-that-state-may-secede-if-putrajaya-breaches-federations-terms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNew_Jo-Lyn2015" class="citation web cs1">New Jo-Lyn (19 June 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cilisos.my/why-is-johor-the-only-malaysian-state-with-its-own-private-army/">"Why is Johor the only Msian state with its own private army? [Update]"</a>. cilisos.my. Retrieved 24 July 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Why+is+Johor+the+only+Msian+state+with+its+own+private+army%3F+%5BUpdate%5D&rft.pub=cilisos.my&rft.date=2015-06-19&rft.au=New+Jo-Lyn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcilisos.my%2Fwhy-is-johor-the-only-malaysian-state-with-its-own-private-army%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180807004028/http://www.historyasia.com/shows/johor-military-forces">"Johor Military Forces"</a>. <a href="/wiki/History_(Southeast_Asian_TV_channel)" title="History (Southeast Asian TV channel)">History Asia</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.historyasia.com/shows/johor-military-forces">the original</a> on 7 August 2018. Retrieved 24 July 2018. <q>The Johor Military Forces is an independent military force steeped in history. Formed in 1886 by Sultan Abu Bakar of Johor, with the purpose of protecting Johor's safety and the king. The JMF is believed to be the oldest military unit in Malaysia and is the only state army in the Federation. The JMF has played a significant role in the suppression of the <a href="/wiki/1915_Singapore_Mutiny" title="1915 Singapore Mutiny">Singapore Mutiny of 1915</a> and served in both World Wars.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Johor+Military+Forces&rft.pub=History+Asia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.historyasia.com%2Fshows%2Fjohor-military-forces&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Batu_Puteh_dispute-125">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Batu_Puteh_dispute_125-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Batu_Puteh_dispute_125-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKadir_Mohamad2009" class="citation web cs1">Kadir Mohamad (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160516042053/http://www.idfr.gov.my/images/stories/publication/2009/inside_pbp.pdf">"Malaysia's territorial disputes – two cases at the ICJ: Batu Puteh, Middle Rocks and South Ledge (Malaysia/Singapore), Ligitan and Sipadan [and the Sabah claim] (Malaysia/Indonesia/Philippines)"</a> (PDF). Institute of Diplomacy and Foreign Relations (IDFR) Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Malaysia. pp. 1 and 2. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.idfr.gov.my/images/stories/publication/2009/inside_pbp.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 16 May 2016. Retrieved 26 July 2018. <q>In 1979, Malaysia had published a map entitled "Territorial Waters and Continental Shelf Boundaries of Malaysia" in which Batu Puteh (BP) was shown as forming a part of Malaysian territory. That inclusion was, in fact, a deliberate step taken by the cartographers to reaffirm Malaysia's sovereignty over BP which had always been a part of the original Sultanate of Johor since ancient times. In February 1980, Singapore lodged a protest against the inclusion of BP in the 1979 Map. That began a protracted dispute between Malaysia and Singapore, spanning almost three decades.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Malaysia%27s+territorial+disputes+%E2%80%93+two+cases+at+the+ICJ%3A+Batu+Puteh%2C+Middle+Rocks+and+South+Ledge+%28Malaysia%2FSingapore%29%2C+Ligitan+and+Sipadan+%5Band+the+Sabah+claim%5D+%28Malaysia%2FIndonesia%2FPhilippines%29&rft.pages=1+and+2&rft.pub=Institute+of+Diplomacy+and+Foreign+Relations+%28IDFR%29+Ministry+of+Foreign+Affairs%2C+Malaysia&rft.date=2009&rft.au=Kadir+Mohamad&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.idfr.gov.my%2Fimages%2Fstories%2Fpublication%2F2009%2Finside_pbp.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180726045850/https://www.mfa.gov.sg/content/mfa/media_centre/special_events/pedrabranca/background.html">"Pedra Branca [Background]"</a>. Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Singapore. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mfa.gov.sg/content/mfa/media_centre/special_events/pedrabranca/background.html">the original</a> on 26 July 2018. Retrieved 26 July 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pedra+Branca+%5BBackground%5D&rft.pub=Ministry+of+Foreign+Affairs%2C+Singapore&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mfa.gov.sg%2Fcontent%2Fmfa%2Fmedia_centre%2Fspecial_events%2Fpedrabranca%2Fbackground.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180726061810/http://www.icj-cij.org/files/case-related/130/14490.pdf">"The Court finds that Singapore has sovereignty over Pedra Branca/Pulau Batu Puteh; that Malaysia has sovereignty over Middle Rocks; and that sovereignty over South Ledge belongs to the State in the territorial waters of which it is located"</a> (PDF). International Court of Justice. 23 May 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icj-cij.org/files/case-related/130/14490.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 26 July 2018. Retrieved 26 July 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Court+finds+that+Singapore+has+sovereignty+over+Pedra+Branca%2FPulau+Batu+Puteh%3B+that+Malaysia+has+sovereignty+over+Middle+Rocks%3B+and+that+sovereignty+over+South+Ledge+belongs+to+the+State+in+the+territorial+waters+of+which+it+is+located&rft.pub=International+Court+of+Justice&rft.date=2008-05-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.icj-cij.org%2Ffiles%2Fcase-related%2F130%2F14490.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180726061916/http://www.icj-cij.org/en/case/130">"Sovereignty over Pedra Branca/Pulau Batu Puteh, Middle Rocks and South Ledge (Malaysia/Singapore)"</a>. International Court of Justice. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icj-cij.org/en/case/130">the original</a> on 26 July 2018. Retrieved 26 July 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sovereignty+over+Pedra+Branca%2FPulau+Batu+Puteh%2C+Middle+Rocks+and+South+Ledge+%28Malaysia%2FSingapore%29&rft.pub=International+Court+of+Justice&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.icj-cij.org%2Fen%2Fcase%2F130&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYoshifumi_Tanaka2008" class="citation web cs1">Yoshifumi Tanaka (25 August 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180726064011/http://www.haguejusticeportal.net/index.php?id=9665">"Passing of Sovereignty: the Malaysia/Singapore Territorial Dispute before the ICJ"</a>. The Hague Justice. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haguejusticeportal.net/index.php?id=9665">the original</a> on 26 July 2018. Retrieved 26 July 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Passing+of+Sovereignty%3A+the+Malaysia%2FSingapore+Territorial+Dispute+before+the+ICJ&rft.pub=The+Hague+Justice&rft.date=2008-08-25&rft.au=Yoshifumi+Tanaka&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.haguejusticeportal.net%2Findex.php%3Fid%3D9665&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMohd_Hazmi_Mohd_RusliWan_Izatul_Asma_Wan_Talaat2016" class="citation web cs1">Mohd Hazmi Mohd Rusli; Wan Izatul Asma Wan Talaat (15 February 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.astroawani.com/world-news/natuna-islands-malaysian-geography-indonesian-sovereignty-94430">"The Natuna Islands: 'Malaysian in geography', Indonesian in sovereignty"</a>. Astro Awani. Retrieved 26 July 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Natuna+Islands%3A+%27Malaysian+in+geography%27%2C+Indonesian+in+sovereignty&rft.pub=Astro+Awani&rft.date=2016-02-15&rft.au=Mohd+Hazmi+Mohd+Rusli&rft.au=Wan+Izatul+Asma+Wan+Talaat&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglish.astroawani.com%2Fworld-news%2Fnatuna-islands-malaysian-geography-indonesian-sovereignty-94430&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReme_Ahmad2017" class="citation news cs1">Reme Ahmad (3 February 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180804080207/https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/malaysia-seeks-to-revise-judgment-on-pedra-branca-citing-discovery-of-new-facts">"Malaysia seeks to revise judgment on Pedra Branca, citing discovery of 'new facts'"</a>. The Straits Times. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/malaysia-seeks-to-revise-judgment-on-pedra-branca-citing-discovery-of-new-facts">the original</a> on 4 August 2018. Retrieved 26 July 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Straits+Times&rft.atitle=Malaysia+seeks+to+revise+judgment+on+Pedra+Branca%2C+citing+discovery+of+%27new+facts%27&rft.date=2017-02-03&rft.au=Reme+Ahmad&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.straitstimes.com%2Fasia%2Fse-asia%2Fmalaysia-seeks-to-revise-judgment-on-pedra-branca-citing-discovery-of-new-facts&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180726073837/https://www.malaymail.com/s/1636496/malaysia-withdraws-icj-challenge-on-pedra-branca-ceding-rights-for-future-r">"Malaysia withdraws ICJ challenge on Pedra Branca, ceding rights for future revision to 2008 ruling"</a>. Today Online. The Malay Mail. 30 May 2018. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.malaymail.com/s/1636496/malaysia-withdraws-icj-challenge-on-pedra-branca-ceding-rights-for-future-r">the original</a> on 26 July 2018. Retrieved 26 July 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Today+Online&rft.atitle=Malaysia+withdraws+ICJ+challenge+on+Pedra+Branca%2C+ceding+rights+for+future+revision+to+2008+ruling&rft.date=2018-05-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.malaymail.com%2Fs%2F1636496%2Fmalaysia-withdraws-icj-challenge-on-pedra-branca-ceding-rights-for-future-r&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBhavan_Jaipragas2018" class="citation news cs1">Bhavan Jaipragas (30 May 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180804080734/https://www.scmp.com/week-asia/politics/article/2148524/malaysias-mahathir-build-island-middle-rocks-near-singapore">"Mahathir plans Malaysian island on Middle Rocks near Singapore"</a>. South China Morning Post. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scmp.com/week-asia/politics/article/2148524/malaysias-mahathir-build-island-middle-rocks-near-singapore">the original</a> on 4 August 2018. Retrieved 26 July 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=South+China+Morning+Post&rft.atitle=Mahathir+plans+Malaysian+island+on+Middle+Rocks+near+Singapore&rft.date=2018-05-30&rft.au=Bhavan+Jaipragas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scmp.com%2Fweek-asia%2Fpolitics%2Farticle%2F2148524%2Fmalaysias-mahathir-build-island-middle-rocks-near-singapore&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDaniel_J._HopkinsMerriam-Webster_Staff편집부1997" class="citation book cs1">Daniel J. Hopkins; Merriam-Webster Staff; 편집부 (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Co_VIPIJerIC&pg=PA556">Merriam-Webster's Geographical Dictionary</a>. Merriam-Webster. pp. 556–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87779-546-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87779-546-9"><bdi>978-0-87779-546-9</bdi></a>. <q>Johor coastline about 250 miles (400 kilometres).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Merriam-Webster%27s+Geographical+Dictionary&rft.pages=556-&rft.pub=Merriam-Webster&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-87779-546-9&rft.au=Daniel+J.+Hopkins&rft.au=Merriam-Webster+Staff&rft.au=%ED%8E%B8%EC%A7%91%EB%B6%80&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCo_VIPIJerIC%26pg%3DPA556&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIr._Ooi_Choon_Ann1996" class="citation journal cs1">Ir. Ooi Choon Ann (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191014050909/https://water.gov.my/jps/resources/auto%20download%20images/5844e2ec68076.pdf">"Coastal erosion management in Malaysia"</a> (PDF). Director of Coastal Engineering Division Department of Irrigation and Drainage of Malaysia, Proc. 13th Annual Seminar of the Malaysian Society of Marine Sciences: 9 (10). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://water.gov.my/jps/resources/auto%20download%20images/5844e2ec68076.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 14 October 2019. Retrieved 14 October 2019 – via Department of Irrigation and Drainage, Ministry of Water, Land and Natural Resources of Malaysia.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Director+of+Coastal+Engineering+Division+Department+of+Irrigation+and+Drainage+of+Malaysia%2C+Proc.+13th+Annual+Seminar+of+the+Malaysian+Society+of+Marine+Sciences&rft.atitle=Coastal+erosion+management+in+Malaysia&rft.pages=9+%2810%29&rft.date=1996&rft.au=Ir.+Ooi+Choon+Ann&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwater.gov.my%2Fjps%2Fresources%2Fauto%2520download%2520images%2F5844e2ec68076.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180728075627/http://www.fao.org/docrep/007/j1533e/J1533E50.htm">"[Malaysia] Vegetation description"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Food_and_Agriculture_Organization" title="Food and Agriculture Organization">Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fao.org/docrep/007/j1533e/J1533E50.htm">the original</a> on 28 July 2018. Retrieved 27 July 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%5BMalaysia%5D+Vegetation+description&rft.pub=Food+and+Agriculture+Organisation+of+the+United+Nations&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fao.org%2Fdocrep%2F007%2Fj1533e%2FJ1533E50.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbdul_KarimShashiahAbdul_RahmanYusup2004" class="citation web cs1">Abdul Karim; Shashiah; Abdul Rahman; Yusup; Abdullah; Mohd Jinis (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://repo.uum.edu.my/3751/">"Management of mangrove forests in Johor – as part of the coastal ecosystem management"</a>. Sultanah Bahiyah Library, Universiti Utara Malaysia. Retrieved 27 July 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Management+of+mangrove+forests+in+Johor+%E2%80%93+as+part+of+the+coastal+ecosystem+management&rft.pub=Sultanah+Bahiyah+Library%2C+Universiti+Utara+Malaysia&rft.date=2004&rft.au=Abdul+Karim&rft.au=Shashiah&rft.au=Abdul+Rahman&rft.au=Yusup&rft.au=Abdullah&rft.au=Mohd+Jinis&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frepo.uum.edu.my%2F3751%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bird2010-138">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bird2010_138-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bird2010_138-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEric_Bird2010" class="citation book cs1">Eric Bird (25 February 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Mfo5TPb7SDsC&pg=PA1119">Encyclopedia of the World's Coastal Landforms</a>. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 1119–1120. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4020-8638-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4020-8638-0"><bdi>978-1-4020-8638-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+the+World%27s+Coastal+Landforms&rft.pages=1119-1120&rft.pub=Springer+Science+%26+Business+Media&rft.date=2010-02-25&rft.isbn=978-1-4020-8638-0&rft.au=Eric+Bird&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMfo5TPb7SDsC%26pg%3DPA1119&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFA._SelamatH._FujitaH._Haron2014" class="citation book cs1">A. Selamat; H. Fujita; H. Haron (29 August 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=oN3YBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA119">New Trends in Software Methodologies, Tools and Techniques: Proceedings of the Thirteenth SoMeT_14</a>. IOS Press. pp. 119–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-61499-434-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-61499-434-3"><bdi>978-1-61499-434-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=New+Trends+in+Software+Methodologies%2C+Tools+and+Techniques%3A+Proceedings+of+the+Thirteenth+SoMeT_14&rft.pages=119-&rft.pub=IOS+Press&rft.date=2014-08-29&rft.isbn=978-1-61499-434-3&rft.au=A.+Selamat&rft.au=H.+Fujita&rft.au=H.+Haron&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DoN3YBAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA119&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.marineregions.org/gazetteer.php?p=details&id=8483">"Marine Gazetteer Placedetails [Malaysian Exclusive Economic Zone]"</a>. Marineregions.org. Retrieved 27 July 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Marine+Gazetteer+Placedetails+%5BMalaysian+Exclusive+Economic+Zone%5D&rft.pub=Marineregions.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.marineregions.org%2Fgazetteer.php%3Fp%3Ddetails%26id%3D8483&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-AshrafOthman2017-141">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AshrafOthman2017_141-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-AshrafOthman2017_141-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMuhammad_Aqeel_AshrafRadziah_OthmanChe_Fauziah_Ishak2017" class="citation book cs1">Muhammad Aqeel Ashraf; Radziah Othman; Che Fauziah Ishak (22 September 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FuM2DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT108">Soils of Malaysia</a>. CRC Press. pp. 108–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-351-99857-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-351-99857-4"><bdi>978-1-351-99857-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Soils+of+Malaysia&rft.pages=108-&rft.pub=CRC+Press&rft.date=2017-09-22&rft.isbn=978-1-351-99857-4&rft.au=Muhammad+Aqeel+Ashraf&rft.au=Radziah+Othman&rft.au=Che+Fauziah+Ishak&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFuM2DwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT108&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Johor_forestry-142">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Johor_forestry_142-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Johor_forestry_142-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Johor_forestry_142-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Johor_forestry_142-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Johor_forestry_142-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Johor_forestry_142-5">f</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180729132504/https://johor.forestry.gov.my/images/Maklumat-Hutan/MC-and-I/2.Ringkasan-Rancangan-Pengurusan-Hutan-RPH/fmu.pdf">"Summary of the State of Johor Forest Management Plan for the Period between 2006–2015"</a> (PDF). Johor State Forestry Department. pp. 7/71–11/71 [XVIII/XXIII]. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://johor.forestry.gov.my/images/Maklumat-Hutan/MC-and-I/2.Ringkasan-Rancangan-Pengurusan-Hutan-RPH/fmu.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 29 July 2018. Retrieved 28 July 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Summary+of+the+State+of+Johor+Forest+Management+Plan+for+the+Period+between+2006%E2%80%932015&rft.pages=7%2F71-11%2F71+XVIII%2FXXIII&rft.pub=Johor+State+Forestry+Department&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjohor.forestry.gov.my%2Fimages%2FMaklumat-Hutan%2FMC-and-I%2F2.Ringkasan-Rancangan-Pengurusan-Hutan-RPH%2Ffmu.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180729191106/http://www.johorparks.gov.my/en/parks/gunung-ledang">"Taman Hutan Lagenda Gunung Ledang"</a>. Johor Parks. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.johorparks.gov.my/en/parks/gunung-ledang">the original</a> on 29 July 2018. Retrieved 28 July 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Taman+Hutan+Lagenda+Gunung+Ledang&rft.pub=Johor+Parks&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.johorparks.gov.my%2Fen%2Fparks%2Fgunung-ledang&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-144"><a href="#cite_ref-144">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180730070930/https://www.johornow.com/english/11-mesmerizing-mountains-johor/">"11 Mesmerizing mountains in Johor"</a>. Johor Now. 12 November 2016. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.johornow.com/english/11-mesmerizing-mountains-johor/">the original</a> on 30 July 2018. Retrieved 28 July 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=11+Mesmerizing+mountains+in+Johor&rft.pub=Johor+Now&rft.date=2016-11-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.johornow.com%2Fenglish%2F11-mesmerizing-mountains-johor%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2016/03/03/johor-selangor-residents-panic-over-tremors-from-indonesian-earthquake/">"Johor, Selangor residents shaken by Sumatra quake"</a>. Bernama. The Star. 3 March 2016. Retrieved 28 July 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bernama&rft.atitle=Johor%2C+Selangor+residents+shaken+by+Sumatra+quake&rft.date=2016-03-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com.my%2Fnews%2Fnation%2F2016%2F03%2F03%2Fjohor-selangor-residents-panic-over-tremors-from-indonesian-earthquake%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-146"><a href="#cite_ref-146">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180730133735/http://johor.forestry.gov.my/images/Maklumat-Hutan/FMU/peta-pengkelasan3.jpg">"Peta Pengkelasan Hutan Mengikut Seksyen 10 (1) APN Negeri Johor"</a> [Forest Classification Map in accordance with Section 10 (1) of the State APN of Johor] (in Malay). Johor State Forestry Department. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://johor.forestry.gov.my/images/Maklumat-Hutan/FMU/peta-pengkelasan3.jpg">the original</a> on 30 July 2018. Retrieved 28 July 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Peta+Pengkelasan+Hutan+Mengikut+Seksyen+10+%281%29+APN+Negeri+Johor&rft.pub=Johor+State+Forestry+Department&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjohor.forestry.gov.my%2Fimages%2FMaklumat-Hutan%2FFMU%2Fpeta-pengkelasan3.jpg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ali2018-147">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ali2018_147-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ali2018_147-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnuar_Bin_Md._Ali2018" class="citation book cs1">Anuar Bin Md. Ali (17 April 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MSJWDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA33">Flood Inundation Modeling and Hazard Mapping under Uncertainty in the Sungai Johor Basin, Malaysia</a>. CRC Press. pp. 33–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-429-88949-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-429-88949-3"><bdi>978-0-429-88949-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Flood+Inundation+Modeling+and+Hazard+Mapping+under+Uncertainty+in+the+Sungai+Johor+Basin%2C+Malaysia&rft.pages=33-&rft.pub=CRC+Press&rft.date=2018-04-17&rft.isbn=978-0-429-88949-3&rft.au=Anuar+Bin+Md.+Ali&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMSJWDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA33&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-148"><a href="#cite_ref-148">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180731073052/http://smanre.mygeoportal.gov.my/smanre/sungai/list_lembangan_sungai_kategori.php?neg=Johor&PageNo=1">"Senarai Lembangan Sungai Bagi Negeri Johor"</a> [List of River Basins For The State Of Johor] (in Malay). Basic Information System of Natural Resources and Environment, Malaysia (SMANRE). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://smanre.mygeoportal.gov.my/smanre/sungai/list_lembangan_sungai_kategori.php?neg=Johor&PageNo=1">the original</a> on 31 July 2018. Retrieved 28 July 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Senarai+Lembangan+Sungai+Bagi+Negeri+Johor&rft.pub=Basic+Information+System+of+Natural+Resources+and+Environment%2C+Malaysia+%28SMANRE%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsmanre.mygeoportal.gov.my%2Fsmanre%2Fsungai%2Flist_lembangan_sungai_kategori.php%3Fneg%3DJohor%26PageNo%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-149"><a href="#cite_ref-149">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170730111213/http://www.pravdareport.com/news/hotspots/21-12-2006/86036-flood-0/">"Malaysia's worst flood in 100 years destroys over 60,000 homes"</a>. Pravda. 21 December 2006. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pravdareport.com/news/hotspots/21-12-2006/86036-flood-0/">the original</a> on 30 July 2017. Retrieved 28 July 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Malaysia%27s+worst+flood+in+100+years+destroys+over+60%2C000+homes&rft.pub=Pravda&rft.date=2006-12-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pravdareport.com%2Fnews%2Fhotspots%2F21-12-2006%2F86036-flood-0%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-150"><a href="#cite_ref-150">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070926215417/http://www.bernama.com.my/bernama/v3/news.php?id=237957">"Shortage Of Food Supply At Flood Relief Centres In Johor"</a>. Bernama. 22 December 2006. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bernama.com.my/bernama/v3/news.php?id=237957">the original</a> on 26 September 2007. Retrieved 28 July 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Shortage+Of+Food+Supply+At+Flood+Relief+Centres+In+Johor&rft.pub=Bernama&rft.date=2006-12-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bernama.com.my%2Fbernama%2Fv3%2Fnews.php%3Fid%3D237957&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Meteomanz-151"><a href="#cite_ref-Meteomanz_151-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.meteomanz.com/sy3?l=1&cou=5010&ind=48679&y1=2016&m1=01&y2=2023&m2=12&so=000&fm=00">"SYNOP/BUFR observations. Data by months"</a>. Meteomanz. Retrieved 22 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SYNOP%2FBUFR+observations.+Data+by+months&rft.pub=Meteomanz&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.meteomanz.com%2Fsy3%3Fl%3D1%26cou%3D5010%26ind%3D48679%26y1%3D2016%26m1%3D01%26y2%3D2023%26m2%3D12%26so%3D000%26fm%3D00&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-WMO-152"><a href="#cite_ref-WMO_152-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131023032749/http://worldweather.wmo.int/020/c00078.htm">"World Weather Information Service – Johor Bahru"</a>. World Meteorological Organisation. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://worldweather.wmo.int/020/c00078.htm">the original</a> on 23 October 2013. Retrieved 25 March 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=World+Weather+Information+Service+%E2%80%93+Johor+Bahru&rft.pub=World+Meteorological+Organisation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fworldweather.wmo.int%2F020%2Fc00078.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-153"><a href="#cite_ref-153">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBen_van_Wijnen" class="citation web cs1">Ben van Wijnen. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180801081947/https://www.malaysiasite.nl/endaueng.htm">"Endau-Rompin [Johor National Park]"</a>. The Malaysia Site. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.malaysiasite.nl/endaueng.htm">the original</a> on 1 August 2018. Retrieved 1 August 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Endau-Rompin+%5BJohor+National+Park%5D&rft.pub=The+Malaysia+Site&rft.au=Ben+van+Wijnen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.malaysiasite.nl%2Fendaueng.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-154"><a href="#cite_ref-154">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180801082840/http://tourism.johor.my/tours/taman-negara-endau-rompin/">"Taman Negara Endau Rompin"</a>. Johor Tourism. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tourism.johor.my/tours/taman-negara-endau-rompin/">the original</a> on 1 August 2018. Retrieved 1 August 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Taman+Negara+Endau+Rompin&rft.pub=Johor+Tourism&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftourism.johor.my%2Ftours%2Ftaman-negara-endau-rompin%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Selai-155">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Selai_155-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Selai_155-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180801085211/http://www.johorparks.gov.my/en/parks/ramsar/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=182&catid=71&Itemid=423">"Endau-Rompin Selai"</a>. Johor National Parks Corporation. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.johorparks.gov.my/en/parks/ramsar/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=182&catid=71&Itemid=423">the original</a> on 1 August 2018. Retrieved 1 August 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Endau-Rompin+Selai&rft.pub=Johor+National+Parks+Corporation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.johorparks.gov.my%2Fen%2Fparks%2Framsar%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_content%26view%3Darticle%26id%3D182%26catid%3D71%26Itemid%3D423&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-156"><a href="#cite_ref-156">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180801083911/http://www.johorparks.gov.my/v2/places-of-interest-endau-rompin-peta/">"Endau-Rompin Peta"</a>. Johor National Parks Corporation. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.johorparks.gov.my/v2/places-of-interest-endau-rompin-peta/">the original</a> on 1 August 2018. Retrieved 1 August 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Endau-Rompin+Peta&rft.pub=Johor+National+Parks+Corporation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.johorparks.gov.my%2Fv2%2Fplaces-of-interest-endau-rompin-peta%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-157"><a href="#cite_ref-157">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMashhor_Mansor2013" class="citation book cs1">Mashhor Mansor (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LRWtCQAAQBAJ&pg=PT94">Biodiversity: Reflections from a Malaysian Ecologist (Penerbit USM)</a>. Penerbit USM. pp. 94–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-983-861-650-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-983-861-650-8"><bdi>978-983-861-650-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Biodiversity%3A+Reflections+from+a+Malaysian+Ecologist+%28Penerbit+USM%29&rft.pages=94-&rft.pub=Penerbit+USM&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-983-861-650-8&rft.au=Mashhor+Mansor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLRWtCQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT94&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-gunung_ledang_national_park-158">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gunung_ledang_national_park_158-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-gunung_ledang_national_park_158-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180802024847/http://www.johorparks.gov.my/en/parks/gunung-ledang">"Taman Hutan Lagenda Gunung Ledang"</a>. Johor National Parks Corporation. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.johorparks.gov.my/en/parks/gunung-ledang">the original</a> on 2 August 2018. Retrieved 1 August 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Taman+Hutan+Lagenda+Gunung+Ledang&rft.pub=Johor+National+Parks+Corporation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.johorparks.gov.my%2Fen%2Fparks%2Fgunung-ledang&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-159"><a href="#cite_ref-159">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180802030504/http://www.johorparks.gov.my/en/parks/taman-laut-sultan-iskandar">"Taman Laut Sultan Iskandar"</a>. Johor National Parks Corporation. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.johorparks.gov.my/en/parks/taman-laut-sultan-iskandar">the original</a> on 2 August 2018. Retrieved 1 August 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Taman+Laut+Sultan+Iskandar&rft.pub=Johor+National+Parks+Corporation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.johorparks.gov.my%2Fen%2Fparks%2Ftaman-laut-sultan-iskandar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-160"><a href="#cite_ref-160">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180802030708/http://www.johorparks.gov.my/en/products/publication/190-sultan-iskandar-marine-park">"Sultan Iskandar Marine Park"</a>. Johor National Parks Corporation. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.johorparks.gov.my/en/products/publication/190-sultan-iskandar-marine-park">the original</a> on 2 August 2018. Retrieved 1 August 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sultan+Iskandar+Marine+Park&rft.pub=Johor+National+Parks+Corporation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.johorparks.gov.my%2Fen%2Fproducts%2Fpublication%2F190-sultan-iskandar-marine-park&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-161"><a href="#cite_ref-161">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ramsar.org/news/malaysia-names-three-new-ramsar-sites-in-johor-state">"Malaysia names three new Ramsar sites in Johor State"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ramsar_Convention" title="Ramsar Convention">Ramsar Convention</a>. 11 June 2003. Retrieved 1 August 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Malaysia+names+three+new+Ramsar+sites+in+Johor+State&rft.pub=Ramsar+Convention&rft.date=2003-06-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ramsar.org%2Fnews%2Fmalaysia-names-three-new-ramsar-sites-in-johor-state&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-162"><a href="#cite_ref-162">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180802035518/http://www.johorparks.gov.my/en/parks/tanjung-piai">"Tanjung Piai"</a>. Johor National Parks Corporation. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.johorparks.gov.my/en/parks/tanjung-piai">the original</a> on 2 August 2018. Retrieved 1 August 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tanjung+Piai&rft.pub=Johor+National+Parks+Corporation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.johorparks.gov.my%2Fen%2Fparks%2Ftanjung-piai&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-163"><a href="#cite_ref-163">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180802041704/http://www.johorparks.gov.my/ramsar/sungai-pulai/">"Sungai Pulai"</a>. Johor National Parks Corporation. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.johorparks.gov.my/ramsar/sungai-pulai/">the original</a> on 2 August 2018. Retrieved 1 August 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sungai+Pulai&rft.pub=Johor+National+Parks+Corporation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.johorparks.gov.my%2Framsar%2Fsungai-pulai%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-164"><a href="#cite_ref-164">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180802040003/http://www.johorparks.gov.my/en/parks/pulau-kukup">"Pulau Kukup"</a>. Johor National Parks Corporation. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.johorparks.gov.my/en/parks/pulau-kukup">the original</a> on 2 August 2018. Retrieved 1 August 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pulau+Kukup&rft.pub=Johor+National+Parks+Corporation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.johorparks.gov.my%2Fen%2Fparks%2Fpulau-kukup&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-165"><a href="#cite_ref-165">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChuah_Bee_Kim2015" class="citation news cs1">Chuah Bee Kim (5 November 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nst.com.my/news/2015/11/johor-embarks-biodiversity-masterplan">"Johor embarks on biodiversity masterplan"</a>. New Straits Times. Retrieved 1 August 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Straits+Times&rft.atitle=Johor+embarks+on+biodiversity+masterplan&rft.date=2015-11-05&rft.au=Chuah+Bee+Kim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nst.com.my%2Fnews%2F2015%2F11%2Fjohor-embarks-biodiversity-masterplan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-166"><a href="#cite_ref-166">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIbrahim_Mohtar2003" class="citation web cs1">Ibrahim Mohtar (2 July 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2003/07/02/wildlife-faces-threat-of-poaching/">"Wildlife faces threat of poaching"</a>. The Star. Retrieved 1 August 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Star&rft.atitle=Wildlife+faces+threat+of+poaching&rft.date=2003-07-02&rft.au=Ibrahim+Mohtar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com.my%2Fnews%2Fnation%2F2003%2F07%2F02%2Fwildlife-faces-threat-of-poaching%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-167"><a href="#cite_ref-167">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180915122515/http://ww1.utusan.com.my/utusan/info.asp?y=2004&dt=0703&pub=utusan_express&sec=Discoveries&pg=di_01.htm">"Large-scale sandalwood poaching in Endau-Rompin"</a>. Bernama. Utusan Malaysia. 3 July 2004. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ww1.utusan.com.my/utusan/info.asp?y=2004&dt=0703&pub=utusan_express&sec=Discoveries&pg=di_01.htm">the original</a> on 15 September 2018. Retrieved 1 August 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bernama&rft.atitle=Large-scale+sandalwood+poaching+in+Endau-Rompin&rft.date=2004-07-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fww1.utusan.com.my%2Futusan%2Finfo.asp%3Fy%3D2004%26dt%3D0703%26pub%3Dutusan_express%26sec%3DDiscoveries%26pg%3Ddi_01.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-168"><a href="#cite_ref-168">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180727083645/http://www.seafdec.org.my/v13/images/stories/pdf/ASEAN_USAID/Task%20241-M-%20243-M%20Assessment%20of%20coastal%20erosion.pdf">"Assessment of Coastal Erosion [Progress Report]"</a> (PDF). ASEAN-USAID Coastal Resources Management Project Task 241M–243M. Southeast Asians Fisheries Development Centre/Marine Fishery Resources Development And Management Department: 1 & 11. July 1988. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.seafdec.org.my/v13/images/stories/pdf/ASEAN_USAID/Task%20241-M-%20243-M%20Assessment%20of%20coastal%20erosion.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 27 July 2018. Retrieved 27 July 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ASEAN-USAID+Coastal+Resources+Management+Project+Task+241M%E2%80%93243M&rft.atitle=Assessment+of+Coastal+Erosion+%5BProgress+Report%5D&rft.pages=1+%26+11&rft.date=1988-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.seafdec.org.my%2Fv13%2Fimages%2Fstories%2Fpdf%2FASEAN_USAID%2FTask%2520241-M-%2520243-M%2520Assessment%2520of%2520coastal%2520erosion.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988">  • <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFA._B._YannieA._H._RadziA._DunstanW._H_M_Wan_Mohtar2016" class="citation book cs1">A. B. Yannie; A. H. Radzi; A. Dunstan; W. H M Wan Mohtar (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/319650532">Impact of the sea level rise on low lying areas of coastal zone: The case of Batu Pahat</a>. CRC Press/Balkema. pp. 370–376. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-138-02977-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-138-02977-4"><bdi>978-1-138-02977-4</bdi></a>. Retrieved 27 July 2018 – via In Sustainable Hydraulics in the Era of Global Change – Proceedings of the 4th European Congress of the International Association of Hydroenvironment engineering and Research, National University of Malaysia.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Impact+of+the+sea+level+rise+on+low+lying+areas+of+coastal+zone%3A+The+case+of+Batu+Pahat&rft.pages=370-376&rft.pub=CRC+Press%2FBalkema&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-138-02977-4&rft.au=A.+B.+Yannie&rft.au=A.+H.+Radzi&rft.au=A.+Dunstan&rft.au=W.+H+M+Wan+Mohtar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F319650532&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988">  • <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNor_Aslinda_AwangWan_Hasliza_Wan_JusohMohd_Radzi_Abdul_Hamid2014" class="citation journal cs1">Nor Aslinda Awang; Wan Hasliza Wan Jusoh; Mohd Radzi Abdul Hamid (2014). "Coastal Erosion at Tanjong Piai, Johor, Malaysia". <a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Coastal_Research" title="Journal of Coastal Research">Journal of Coastal Research</a>. 71: 122–130. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2112%2FSI71-015.1">10.2112/SI71-015.1</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:128593447">128593447</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Coastal+Research&rft.atitle=Coastal+Erosion+at+Tanjong+Piai%2C+Johor%2C+Malaysia&rft.volume=71&rft.pages=122-130&rft.date=2014&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2112%2FSI71-015.1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A128593447%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.au=Nor+Aslinda+Awang&rft.au=Wan+Hasliza+Wan+Jusoh&rft.au=Mohd+Radzi+Abdul+Hamid&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988">  • <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMohd_Farhaan_Shah2016" class="citation web cs1">Mohd Farhaan Shah (17 November 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com.my/metro/community/2016/11/17/ayub-we-need-rm15bil-to-protect-coastline-from-erosion/">"Ayub: We need RM1.5bil to protect coastline from erosion"</a>. The Star. Retrieved 27 July 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Star&rft.atitle=Ayub%3A+We+need+RM1.5bil+to+protect+coastline+from+erosion&rft.date=2016-11-17&rft.au=Mohd+Farhaan+Shah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com.my%2Fmetro%2Fcommunity%2F2016%2F11%2F17%2Fayub-we-need-rm15bil-to-protect-coastline-from-erosion%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-169"><a href="#cite_ref-169">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2017/03/17/johor-moves-to-clean-up-28-polluted-rivers/">"Johor moves to clean up 28 polluted rivers"</a>. The Star. 17 March 2017. Retrieved 1 August 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Star&rft.atitle=Johor+moves+to+clean+up+28+polluted+rivers&rft.date=2017-03-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com.my%2Fnews%2Fnation%2F2017%2F03%2F17%2Fjohor-moves-to-clean-up-28-polluted-rivers%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-170"><a href="#cite_ref-170">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180802051540/http://www.themalaysiantimes.com.my/authorities-push-legislation-change-johor-river-pollution/">"Authorities push for legislation change after Johor River pollution"</a>. Channel NewsAsia. The Malaysian Times. 3 November 2017. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.themalaysiantimes.com.my/authorities-push-legislation-change-johor-river-pollution/">the original</a> on 2 August 2018. Retrieved 1 August 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Channel+NewsAsia&rft.atitle=Authorities+push+for+legislation+change+after+Johor+River+pollution&rft.date=2017-11-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.themalaysiantimes.com.my%2Fauthorities-push-legislation-change-johor-river-pollution%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-171"><a href="#cite_ref-171">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2017/11/21/johor-govt-to-take-stern-action-against-river-polluters/">"Johor Govt to take stern action against river polluters"</a>. The Star. 21 November 2017. Retrieved 1 August 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Star&rft.atitle=Johor+Govt+to+take+stern+action+against+river+polluters&rft.date=2017-11-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com.my%2Fnews%2Fnation%2F2017%2F11%2F21%2Fjohor-govt-to-take-stern-action-against-river-polluters%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-172"><a href="#cite_ref-172">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRachel_Genevieve_Chia2019" class="citation web cs1">Rachel Genevieve Chia (15 March 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190815081307/https://www.businessinsider.my/johor-gas-poisoning-victims-now-at-2775-but-pm-mahathir-says-the-situation-is-under-control/">"Johor gas poisoning victims now at 2,775, but PM Mahathir says the situation is 'under control'"</a>. Business Insider Malaysia. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.businessinsider.my/johor-gas-poisoning-victims-now-at-2775-but-pm-mahathir-says-the-situation-is-under-control/">the original</a> on 15 August 2019. Retrieved 23 August 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Johor+gas+poisoning+victims+now+at+2%2C775%2C+but+PM+Mahathir+says+the+situation+is+%27under+control%27&rft.pub=Business+Insider+Malaysia&rft.date=2019-03-15&rft.au=Rachel+Genevieve+Chia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessinsider.my%2Fjohor-gas-poisoning-victims-now-at-2775-but-pm-mahathir-says-the-situation-is-under-control%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-173"><a href="#cite_ref-173">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTerence_Tang2019" class="citation news cs1">Terence Tang (1 June 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190816060715/https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2019/06/01/health-ministry-to-examine-6000-victims-of-sungai-kim-kim-toxic-fumes-incid/1758320">"Health Ministry to examine 6,000 victims of Sungai Kim Kim toxic fumes incident"</a>. The Malay Mail. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2019/06/01/health-ministry-to-examine-6000-victims-of-sungai-kim-kim-toxic-fumes-incid/1758320">the original</a> on 16 August 2019. Retrieved 23 August 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Malay+Mail&rft.atitle=Health+Ministry+to+examine+6%2C000+victims+of+Sungai+Kim+Kim+toxic+fumes+incident&rft.date=2019-06-01&rft.au=Terence+Tang&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.malaymail.com%2Fnews%2Fmalaysia%2F2019%2F06%2F01%2Fhealth-ministry-to-examine-6000-victims-of-sungai-kim-kim-toxic-fumes-incid%2F1758320&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-174"><a href="#cite_ref-174">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2010/02/20/fires-sweep-through-farmland-and-forests-in-sabah-and-johor/">"Fires sweep through farmland and forests in Sabah and Johor"</a>. The Star. 20 February 2010. Retrieved 1 August 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Star&rft.atitle=Fires+sweep+through+farmland+and+forests+in+Sabah+and+Johor&rft.date=2010-02-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com.my%2Fnews%2Fnation%2F2010%2F02%2F20%2Ffires-sweep-through-farmland-and-forests-in-sabah-and-johor%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-175"><a href="#cite_ref-175">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180802060017/http://www.eco-business.com/news/malaysia-2940-forest-bush-fire-outbreaks-recorded-in-10-days/">"Malaysia: 2,940 forest, bush fire outbreaks recorded in 10 days"</a>. Bernama. Eco-Business. 12 April 2016. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eco-business.com/news/malaysia-2940-forest-bush-fire-outbreaks-recorded-in-10-days/">the original</a> on 2 August 2018. Retrieved 1 August 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bernama&rft.atitle=Malaysia%3A+2%2C940+forest%2C+bush+fire+outbreaks+recorded+in+10+days&rft.date=2016-04-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eco-business.com%2Fnews%2Fmalaysia-2940-forest-bush-fire-outbreaks-recorded-in-10-days%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-176"><a href="#cite_ref-176">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180804081413/https://www.dosm.gov.my/v1/index.php?r=column%2FcthemeByCat&cat=102&bul_id=VS9Gckp1UUpKQUFWS1JHUnJZS2xzdz09&menu_id=TE5CRUZCblh4ZTZMODZIbmk2aWRRQT09">"GDP By State (2010–2016)"</a>. Department of Statistics, Malaysia. 6 September 2017. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dosm.gov.my/v1/index.php?r=column/cthemeByCat&cat=102&bul_id=VS9Gckp1UUpKQUFWS1JHUnJZS2xzdz09&menu_id=TE5CRUZCblh4ZTZMODZIbmk2aWRRQT09">the original</a> on 4 August 2018. Retrieved 19 July 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=GDP+By+State+%282010%E2%80%932016%29&rft.pub=Department+of+Statistics%2C+Malaysia&rft.date=2017-09-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dosm.gov.my%2Fv1%2Findex.php%3Fr%3Dcolumn%2FcthemeByCat%26cat%3D102%26bul_id%3DVS9Gckp1UUpKQUFWS1JHUnJZS2xzdz09%26menu_id%3DTE5CRUZCblh4ZTZMODZIbmk2aWRRQT09&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-177"><a href="#cite_ref-177">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180804072828/https://www.dosm.gov.my/v1/index.php?r=column%2FpdfPrev&id=OFN3NkVtT0xGWU1wQ1Y1YnRPNXRUQT09">"GDP By State (2010–2014)"</a>. Department of Statistics, Malaysia. p. 2 and 5. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dosm.gov.my/v1/index.php?r=column/pdfPrev&id=OFN3NkVtT0xGWU1wQ1Y1YnRPNXRUQT09">the original</a> (PDF) on 4 August 2018. Retrieved 30 May 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=GDP+By+State+%282010%E2%80%932014%29&rft.pages=2+and+5&rft.pub=Department+of+Statistics%2C+Malaysia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dosm.gov.my%2Fv1%2Findex.php%3Fr%3Dcolumn%2FpdfPrev%26id%3DOFN3NkVtT0xGWU1wQ1Y1YnRPNXRUQT09&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-178"><a href="#cite_ref-178">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHammim2020" class="citation news cs1">Hammim, Rizalman (10 September 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nst.com.my/business/2020/09/623408/johor-economy-contract-between-35-and-55-pct-2020">"Johor economy to contract between 3.5 and 5.5 pct in 2020"</a>. The Straits Times. Retrieved 8 March 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Johor+economy+to+contract+between+3.5+and+5.5+pct+in+2020&rft.date=2020-09-10&rft.aulast=Hammim&rft.aufirst=Rizalman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nst.com.my%2Fbusiness%2F2020%2F09%2F623408%2Fjohor-economy-contract-between-35-and-55-pct-2020&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-179"><a href="#cite_ref-179">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jcorp.com.my/">"Home"</a>. Johor Corporation. Retrieved 10 August 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Home&rft.pub=Johor+Corporation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jcorp.com.my%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-180"><a href="#cite_ref-180">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMohd_Farhaan_Shah2018" class="citation web cs1">Mohd Farhaan Shah (2 August 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2018/08/02/jcorp-expected-to-bring-rm18bil-in-investment-over-next-five-years/">"JCorp expected to bring RM18bil in investment over next five years"</a>. The Star. Retrieved 10 August 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Star&rft.atitle=JCorp+expected+to+bring+RM18bil+in+investment+over+next+five+years&rft.date=2018-08-02&rft.au=Mohd+Farhaan+Shah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com.my%2Fnews%2Fnation%2F2018%2F08%2F02%2Fjcorp-expected-to-bring-rm18bil-in-investment-over-next-five-years%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-diversification-181">^ <a href="#cite_ref-diversification_181-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-diversification_181-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-diversification_181-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFA._Ruban2017" class="citation news cs1">A. Ruban (14 June 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180809083938/https://www.malaymail.com/s/1399197/johor-banks-on-tourists-rails-ports-and-parks-to-drive-economy-forward">"Johor banks on tourists, rails, ports and parks to drive economy forward"</a>. The Malay Mail. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.malaymail.com/s/1399197/johor-banks-on-tourists-rails-ports-and-parks-to-drive-economy-forward">the original</a> on 9 August 2018. Retrieved 9 August 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Malay+Mail&rft.atitle=Johor+banks+on+tourists%2C+rails%2C+ports+and+parks+to+drive+economy+forward&rft.date=2017-06-14&rft.au=A.+Ruban&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.malaymail.com%2Fs%2F1399197%2Fjohor-banks-on-tourists-rails-ports-and-parks-to-drive-economy-forward&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-182"><a href="#cite_ref-182">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTerence_ChongLee_Hock_GuanNorshahril_SaatSerina_Rahman2017" class="citation journal cs1">Terence Chong; Lee Hock Guan; Norshahril Saat; Serina Rahman (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180809083230/https://www.iseas.edu.sg/images/pdf/TRS20_17.pdf">"Trends in Southeast Asia [The 2017 Johor Survey: Selected Findings]"</a> (PDF). Trends in Southeast Asia Series: WTO Issues. <a href="/wiki/ISEAS%E2%80%93Yusof_Ishak_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="ISEAS–Yusof Ishak Institute">ISEAS–Yusof Ishak Institute</a>: 2 [11/52]. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0219-3213">0219-3213</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iseas.edu.sg/images/pdf/TRS20_17.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 9 August 2018. Retrieved 9 August 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Trends+in+Southeast+Asia+Series%3A+WTO+Issues&rft.atitle=Trends+in+Southeast+Asia+%5BThe+2017+Johor+Survey%3A+Selected+Findings%5D&rft.pages=2+11%2F52&rft.date=2017&rft.issn=0219-3213&rft.au=Terence+Chong&rft.au=Lee+Hock+Guan&rft.au=Norshahril+Saat&rft.au=Serina+Rahman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iseas.edu.sg%2Fimages%2Fpdf%2FTRS20_17.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-state_economic_planning_data-183">^ <a href="#cite_ref-state_economic_planning_data_183-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-state_economic_planning_data_183-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180809085036/http://www.johor.gov.my/en/upenj">"Johor State Economic Data"</a> (in Malay). State Government of Johor. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.johor.gov.my/en/upenj#1515920632636-3c8142b7-523f">the original</a> on 9 August 2018. Retrieved 9 August 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Johor+State+Economic+Data&rft.pub=State+Government+of+Johor&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.johor.gov.my%2Fen%2Fupenj%231515920632636-3c8142b7-523f&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-184"><a href="#cite_ref-184">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180914044040/https://www.traveldailynews.com/post/legoland-malaysia-to-open-15-september-2012-50722">"Legoland Malaysia to open 15 September 2012"</a>. Travel Daily News. 3 August 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.traveldailynews.com/post/legoland-malaysia-to-open-15-september-2012-50722">the original</a> on 14 September 2018. Retrieved 13 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Legoland+Malaysia+to+open+15+September+2012&rft.pub=Travel+Daily+News&rft.date=2012-08-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.traveldailynews.com%2Fpost%2Flegoland-malaysia-to-open-15-september-2012-50722&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-185"><a href="#cite_ref-185">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180914053114/http://www.theborneopost.com/2012/10/31/puteri-harbour-family-theme-park-opens/">"Puteri Harbour family theme park opens"</a>. The Borneo Post. 31 October 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theborneopost.com/2012/10/31/puteri-harbour-family-theme-park-opens/">the original</a> on 14 September 2018. Retrieved 13 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Borneo+Post&rft.atitle=Puteri+Harbour+family+theme+park+opens&rft.date=2012-10-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theborneopost.com%2F2012%2F10%2F31%2Fputeri-harbour-family-theme-park-opens%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-186"><a href="#cite_ref-186">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZazali_Musa2018" class="citation web cs1">Zazali Musa (19 February 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com.my/metro/metro-news/2018/02/19/johor-poised-to-become-economic-powerhouse-the-next-10-years-dubbed-as-the-golden-decade-for-state/">"Johor poised to become economic powerhouse"</a>. The Star. Retrieved 4 August 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Star&rft.atitle=Johor+poised+to+become+economic+powerhouse&rft.date=2018-02-19&rft.au=Zazali+Musa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com.my%2Fmetro%2Fmetro-news%2F2018%2F02%2F19%2Fjohor-poised-to-become-economic-powerhouse-the-next-10-years-dubbed-as-the-golden-decade-for-state%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-187"><a href="#cite_ref-187">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIntan_Farhana_Zainul2013" class="citation web cs1">Intan Farhana Zainul (1 June 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com.my/business/business-news/2013/06/01/johor-sarawak-emerge-top-mida-they-received-the-highest-manufacturing-investments-in-q1/">"Johor, Sarawak emerge top"</a>. The Star. Retrieved 4 August 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Star&rft.atitle=Johor%2C+Sarawak+emerge+top&rft.date=2013-06-01&rft.au=Intan+Farhana+Zainul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com.my%2Fbusiness%2Fbusiness-news%2F2013%2F06%2F01%2Fjohor-sarawak-emerge-top-mida-they-received-the-highest-manufacturing-investments-in-q1%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-188"><a href="#cite_ref-188">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180810053041/http://www.dekadbaharujohor.my/wp-content/themes/lpjmain/assets/document/Laporan%20Pencapaian%20Johor%203.pdf">"Pencapaian Johor 2013–2018 [Membangun Dekad Baharu Johor]"</a> (PDF). Dekad Baharu Johor. p. 4 [6/36]. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dekadbaharujohor.my/wp-content/themes/lpjmain/assets/document/Laporan%20Pencapaian%20Johor%203.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 10 August 2018. Retrieved 26 March 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pencapaian+Johor+2013%E2%80%932018+%5BMembangun+Dekad+Baharu+Johor%5D&rft.pages=4+6%2F36&rft.pub=Dekad+Baharu+Johor&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dekadbaharujohor.my%2Fwp-content%2Fthemes%2Flpjmain%2Fassets%2Fdocument%2FLaporan%2520Pencapaian%2520Johor%25203.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-189"><a href="#cite_ref-189">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZazali_Musa2018" class="citation web cs1">Zazali Musa (12 March 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com.my/business/business-news/2018/03/12/johor-can-maintain-no-1-position-for-manufacturing-sector-investments/">"Johor can maintain No. 1 position for manufacturing sector investments"</a>. The Star. Retrieved 10 August 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Star&rft.atitle=Johor+can+maintain+No.+1+position+for+manufacturing+sector+investments&rft.date=2018-03-12&rft.au=Zazali+Musa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com.my%2Fbusiness%2Fbusiness-news%2F2018%2F03%2F12%2Fjohor-can-maintain-no-1-position-for-manufacturing-sector-investments%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-190"><a href="#cite_ref-190">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://iskandarmalaysia.com.my/faq/">"FAQ"</a>. Iskandar Malaysia. Retrieved 10 August 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=FAQ&rft.pub=Iskandar+Malaysia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fiskandarmalaysia.com.my%2Ffaq%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-iskandar_malaysia-191"><a href="#cite_ref-iskandar_malaysia_191-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180810072656/http://www.theborneopost.com/2012/12/17/iskandar-malaysia-as-a-new-metropolis/">"Iskandar Malaysia as a new metropolis"</a>. Bernama. The Borneo Post. 17 December 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theborneopost.com/2012/12/17/iskandar-malaysia-as-a-new-metropolis/">the original</a> on 10 August 2018. Retrieved 10 August 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bernama&rft.atitle=Iskandar+Malaysia+as+a+new+metropolis&rft.date=2012-12-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theborneopost.com%2F2012%2F12%2F17%2Fiskandar-malaysia-as-a-new-metropolis%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Johor_plantation_statistics-192">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Johor_plantation_statistics_192-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Johor_plantation_statistics_192-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180810061558/http://pertanian.johor.gov.my/sites/default/files/booklet_statistik_pertanian_johor_2016.pdf">"Statistik Tanaman Negeri Johor (Sub-sektor Tanaman Makanan) 2016"</a> [Johor State Crop Statistics (Food Crops Sub-sector) 2016] (PDF). Division of Detection and Evaluation, Department of State Agriculture of Johor (in Malay). Department of Agricultural, Johor. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pertanian.johor.gov.my/sites/default/files/booklet_statistik_pertanian_johor_2016.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 10 August 2018. Retrieved 10 August 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Division+of+Detection+and+Evaluation%2C+Department+of+State+Agriculture+of+Johor&rft.atitle=Statistik+Tanaman+Negeri+Johor+%28Sub-sektor+Tanaman+Makanan%29+2016&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpertanian.johor.gov.my%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fbooklet_statistik_pertanian_johor_2016.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-193"><a href="#cite_ref-193">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAhmad_Kushairi_Din2017" class="citation web cs1">Ahmad Kushairi Din (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180810060944/http://www.mpob.gov.my/images/stories/pdf/2017/2017_Dr.KushairiPALMEROS2017.pdf">"Malaysian Oil Palm Industry Performance 2016 and Prospects for 2017"</a> (PDF). Malaysian Palm Oil Board. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mpob.gov.my/images/stories/pdf/2017/2017_Dr.KushairiPALMEROS2017.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 10 August 2018. Retrieved 30 March 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Malaysian+Oil+Palm+Industry+Performance+2016+and+Prospects+for+2017&rft.pub=Malaysian+Palm+Oil+Board&rft.date=2017&rft.au=Ahmad+Kushairi+Din&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mpob.gov.my%2Fimages%2Fstories%2Fpdf%2F2017%2F2017_Dr.KushairiPALMEROS2017.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-194"><a href="#cite_ref-194">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190108145734/http://ww1.utusan.com.my/utusan/Johor/20130715/wj_03/LPP-peruntuk-RM150000-naik-taraf-Pasar-Peladang-Pontian">"LPP peruntuk RM150,000 naik taraf Pasar Peladang Pontian"</a> (in Malay). Utusan Online. 15 July 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ww1.utusan.com.my/utusan/Johor/20130715/wj_03/LPP-peruntuk-RM150000-naik-taraf-Pasar-Peladang-Pontian">the original</a> on 8 January 2019. Retrieved 8 January 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=LPP+peruntuk+RM150%2C000+naik+taraf+Pasar+Peladang+Pontian&rft.date=2013-07-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fww1.utusan.com.my%2Futusan%2FJohor%2F20130715%2Fwj_03%2FLPP-peruntuk-RM150000-naik-taraf-Pasar-Peladang-Pontian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-195"><a href="#cite_ref-195">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180804075657/https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/surge-in-singapore-dollar-a-boon-for-johor">"Surge in Singapore dollar a boon for Johor"</a>. The Straits Times. 25 August 2015. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/surge-in-singapore-dollar-a-boon-for-johor">the original</a> on 4 August 2018. Retrieved 4 August 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Straits+Times&rft.atitle=Surge+in+Singapore+dollar+a+boon+for+Johor&rft.date=2015-08-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.straitstimes.com%2Fasia%2Fse-asia%2Fsurge-in-singapore-dollar-a-boon-for-johor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-196"><a href="#cite_ref-196">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAhmad_Fairuz_Othman2015" class="citation news cs1">Ahmad Fairuz Othman (3 September 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nst.com.my/news/2015/09/when-singaporeans-splurge-malaysia">"When Singaporeans splurge in Malaysia"</a>. New Straits Times. Retrieved 4 August 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Straits+Times&rft.atitle=When+Singaporeans+splurge+in+Malaysia&rft.date=2015-09-03&rft.au=Ahmad+Fairuz+Othman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nst.com.my%2Fnews%2F2015%2F09%2Fwhen-singaporeans-splurge-malaysia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-197"><a href="#cite_ref-197">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFInternational_Monetary_Fund_StaffInternational_Monetary_Fund1995" class="citation book cs1">International Monetary Fund Staff; International Monetary Fund (December 1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xBmD0lhGKNoC&pg=PA2004">Singapore: a Case Study in Rapid Development</a>. International Monetary Fund. pp. 2004–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55775-463-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55775-463-9"><bdi>978-1-55775-463-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Singapore%3A+a+Case+Study+in+Rapid+Development&rft.pages=2004-&rft.pub=International+Monetary+Fund&rft.date=1995-12&rft.isbn=978-1-55775-463-9&rft.au=International+Monetary+Fund+Staff&rft.au=International+Monetary+Fund&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DxBmD0lhGKNoC%26pg%3DPA2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-198"><a href="#cite_ref-198">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180804092647/http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/history/events/bd4d0374-63ae-49fe-95c8-2210b3b0ac59">"Formation of Sijori Growth Triangle is announced [20 December 1989]"</a>. National Library Board, Singapore. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/history/events/bd4d0374-63ae-49fe-95c8-2210b3b0ac59">the original</a> on 4 August 2018. Retrieved 4 August 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Formation+of+Sijori+Growth+Triangle+is+announced+%5B20+December+1989%5D&rft.pub=National+Library+Board%2C+Singapore&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feresources.nlb.gov.sg%2Fhistory%2Fevents%2Fbd4d0374-63ae-49fe-95c8-2210b3b0ac59&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-199"><a href="#cite_ref-199">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrancis_E_HutchinsonTerence_Chong2016" class="citation book cs1">Francis E Hutchinson; Terence Chong (14 June 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ck13DAAAQBAJ&pg=PA127">The SIJORI Cross-Border Region: Transnational Politics, Economics, and Culture</a>. ISEAS-Yusof Ishak Institute. pp. 127–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-981-4695-58-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-981-4695-58-9"><bdi>978-981-4695-58-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+SIJORI+Cross-Border+Region%3A+Transnational+Politics%2C+Economics%2C+and+Culture&rft.pages=127-&rft.pub=ISEAS-Yusof+Ishak+Institute&rft.date=2016-06-14&rft.isbn=978-981-4695-58-9&rft.au=Francis+E+Hutchinson&rft.au=Terence+Chong&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dck13DAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA127&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-200"><a href="#cite_ref-200">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMulya_Amri2015" class="citation journal cs1">Mulya Amri (24 August 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00074918.2015.1061927">"Mirror Images in Different Frames? Johor, the Riau Islands, and Competition for Investment from Singapore"</a>. Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies. 51 (2). Taylor & Francis: 309–310. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00074918.2015.1061927">10.1080/00074918.2015.1061927</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+Indonesian+Economic+Studies&rft.atitle=Mirror+Images+in+Different+Frames%3F+Johor%2C+the+Riau+Islands%2C+and+Competition+for+Investment+from+Singapore&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=309-310&rft.date=2015-08-24&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F00074918.2015.1061927&rft.au=Mulya+Amri&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1080%252F00074918.2015.1061927&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-201"><a href="#cite_ref-201">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlex_E._Fernández_JilbertoAndré_Mommen2017" class="citation book cs1">Alex E. Fernández Jilberto; André Mommen (16 March 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HOJBDgAAQBAJ&pg=PT373">Regionalization and Globalization in the Modern World Economy: Perspectives on the Third World and Transitional Economies</a>. Taylor & Francis. pp. 373–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-351-79451-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-351-79451-0"><bdi>978-1-351-79451-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Regionalization+and+Globalization+in+the+Modern+World+Economy%3A+Perspectives+on+the+Third+World+and+Transitional+Economies&rft.pages=373-&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2017-03-16&rft.isbn=978-1-351-79451-0&rft.au=Alex+E.+Fern%C3%A1ndez+Jilberto&rft.au=Andr%C3%A9+Mommen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHOJBDgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT373&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-202"><a href="#cite_ref-202">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180810051551/http://www.thesundaily.my/news/1619815">"Johor second most attractive state to foreign investors"</a>. Bernama. The Sun Daily. 24 November 2015. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thesundaily.my/news/1619815">the original</a> on 10 August 2018. Retrieved 31 May 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bernama&rft.atitle=Johor+second+most+attractive+state+to+foreign+investors&rft.date=2015-11-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thesundaily.my%2Fnews%2F1619815&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-203"><a href="#cite_ref-203">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYee_Xiang_Yun2015" class="citation web cs1">Yee Xiang Yun (19 May 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2015/05/19/johor-medical-tourism-growing-fast-with-33700-arrivals-last-year-road-contractor-faces-rm26805-fine/">"Johor medical tourism growing fast with 33,700 arrivals last year"</a>. The Star. Retrieved 4 August 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Star&rft.atitle=Johor+medical+tourism+growing+fast+with+33%2C700+arrivals+last+year&rft.date=2015-05-19&rft.au=Yee+Xiang+Yun&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com.my%2Fnews%2Fnation%2F2015%2F05%2F19%2Fjohor-medical-tourism-growing-fast-with-33700-arrivals-last-year-road-contractor-faces-rm26805-fine%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-204"><a href="#cite_ref-204">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180809085036/http://www.johor.gov.my/en/upenj#1515920632627-f1c96b4f-9428">"Department of Economy Planning"</a> (in Malay). State Government of Johor. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.johor.gov.my/en/upenj#1515920632627-f1c96b4f-9428">the original</a> on 9 August 2018. Retrieved 13 August 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Department+of+Economy+Planning&rft.pub=State+Government+of+Johor&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.johor.gov.my%2Fen%2Fupenj%231515920632627-f1c96b4f-9428&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-205"><a href="#cite_ref-205">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.johor.gov.my/en/landskap">"Landscape Department"</a> (in Malay). State Government of Johor. Retrieved 13 August 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Landscape+Department&rft.pub=State+Government+of+Johor&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.johor.gov.my%2Fen%2Flandskap&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-206"><a href="#cite_ref-206">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180813064430/https://www.parlimen.gov.my/news/eng-ucapan_rmk9.pdf">"Ninth Malaysia Plan [2006–2010]"</a> (PDF). Speech by the Prime Minister in the <a href="/wiki/Dewan_Rakyat" title="Dewan Rakyat">Dewan Rakyat</a>. <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Malaysia" title="Parliament of Malaysia">Parliament of Malaysia</a>. 31 March 2006. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.parlimen.gov.my/news/eng-ucapan_rmk9.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 13 August 2018. Retrieved 13 August 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Speech+by+the+Prime+Minister+in+the+Dewan+Rakyat&rft.atitle=Ninth+Malaysia+Plan+%5B2006%E2%80%932010%5D&rft.date=2006-03-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.parlimen.gov.my%2Fnews%2Feng-ucapan_rmk9.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-johor_data_handbook-207">^ <a href="#cite_ref-johor_data_handbook_207-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-johor_data_handbook_207-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180913085826/http://jpbd.johor.gov.my/images/jpbd_DokumenTerbitan/Handbook.pdf">"Handbook (Data & Maklumat Perancangan Bandar & Desa Negeri Johor)"</a> [Handbook (Data & Town Planning Information & Rurals of the State of Johor)] (PDF) (in Malay). Town and Village Planning Department of Johor. pp. 16–22/200. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jpbd.johor.gov.my/images/jpbd_DokumenTerbitan/Handbook.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 13 September 2018. Retrieved 13 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Handbook+%28Data+%26+Maklumat+Perancangan+Bandar+%26+Desa+Negeri+Johor%29&rft.pages=16-22%2F200&rft.pub=Town+and+Village+Planning+Department+of+Johor&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjpbd.johor.gov.my%2Fimages%2Fjpbd_DokumenTerbitan%2FHandbook.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-208"><a href="#cite_ref-208">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRadin_Ghazali2017" class="citation web cs1">Radin Ghazali (27 March 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180813071612/https://www.propertyguru.com.my/property-news/2017/3/149295/rm2-36b-allocated-for-infrastructure-developments-in-pengerang">"RM2.36b Allocated for Infrastructure Developments in Pengerang"</a>. PropertyGuru. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.propertyguru.com.my/property-news/2017/3/149295/rm2-36b-allocated-for-infrastructure-developments-in-pengerang">the original</a> on 13 August 2018. Retrieved 13 August 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=RM2.36b+Allocated+for+Infrastructure+Developments+in+Pengerang&rft.pub=PropertyGuru&rft.date=2017-03-27&rft.au=Radin+Ghazali&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.propertyguru.com.my%2Fproperty-news%2F2017%2F3%2F149295%2Frm2-36b-allocated-for-infrastructure-developments-in-pengerang&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-209"><a href="#cite_ref-209">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAhmad_Fairuz_OthmanRizalman_Hammim2015" class="citation news cs1">Ahmad Fairuz Othman; Rizalman Hammim (19 November 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nst.com.my/news/2015/11/112519/record-rm500-mil-allocation-development-johor-budget">"Record RM500 mil allocation for development in Johor budget"</a>. New Straits Times. Retrieved 13 August 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Straits+Times&rft.atitle=Record+RM500+mil+allocation+for+development+in+Johor+budget&rft.date=2015-11-19&rft.au=Ahmad+Fairuz+Othman&rft.au=Rizalman+Hammim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nst.com.my%2Fnews%2F2015%2F11%2F112519%2Frecord-rm500-mil-allocation-development-johor-budget&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-210"><a href="#cite_ref-210">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZazali_Musa2017" class="citation web cs1">Zazali Musa (1 September 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com.my/metro/community/2017/09/01/all-johoreans-to-benefit-mb-infrastructure-and-development-projects-to-be-fairly-distributed-to-all/">"All Johoreans to benefit from infrastructure and development projects"</a>. The Star. Retrieved 13 August 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Star&rft.atitle=All+Johoreans+to+benefit+from+infrastructure+and+development+projects&rft.date=2017-09-01&rft.au=Zazali+Musa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com.my%2Fmetro%2Fcommunity%2F2017%2F09%2F01%2Fall-johoreans-to-benefit-mb-infrastructure-and-development-projects-to-be-fairly-distributed-to-all%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-211"><a href="#cite_ref-211">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180813061137/https://www.malaymail.com/s/1569711/johor-outlines-six-focus-areas-for-next-decade-of-development">"Johor outlines six focus areas for next decade of development"</a>. Bernama. The Malay Mail. 4 February 2018. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.malaymail.com/s/1569711/johor-outlines-six-focus-areas-for-next-decade-of-development">the original</a> on 13 August 2018. Retrieved 13 August 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bernama&rft.atitle=Johor+outlines+six+focus+areas+for+next+decade+of+development&rft.date=2018-02-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.malaymail.com%2Fs%2F1569711%2Fjohor-outlines-six-focus-areas-for-next-decade-of-development&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-212"><a href="#cite_ref-212">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZazali_Musa2018" class="citation web cs1">Zazali Musa (3 January 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com.my/business/business-news/2018/01/03/johor-baru-gets-rm250mil-infrastructure-allocation/">"Johor Baru gets RM250mil infrastructure allocation"</a>. The Star. Retrieved 13 August 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Star&rft.atitle=Johor+Baru+gets+RM250mil+infrastructure+allocation&rft.date=2018-01-03&rft.au=Zazali+Musa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com.my%2Fbusiness%2Fbusiness-news%2F2018%2F01%2F03%2Fjohor-baru-gets-rm250mil-infrastructure-allocation%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-213"><a href="#cite_ref-213">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180813062037/http://www.theborneopost.com/2018/05/13/new-johor-government-assures-of-better-infrastructure-for-investors/">"New Johor government assures of better infrastructure for investors"</a>. Bernama. The Borneo Post. 13 May 2018. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theborneopost.com/2018/05/13/new-johor-government-assures-of-better-infrastructure-for-investors/">the original</a> on 13 August 2018. Retrieved 13 August 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bernama&rft.atitle=New+Johor+government+assures+of+better+infrastructure+for+investors&rft.date=2018-05-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theborneopost.com%2F2018%2F05%2F13%2Fnew-johor-government-assures-of-better-infrastructure-for-investors%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-214"><a href="#cite_ref-214">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180912035510/http://www.thesundaily.my/news/2018/06/30/johor-govt-rejects-investment-detrimental-environment">"Johor govt rejects investment detrimental to environment"</a>. Bernama. The Sun. 30 June 2018. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thesundaily.my/news/2018/06/30/johor-govt-rejects-investment-detrimental-environment">the original</a> on 12 September 2018. Retrieved 12 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bernama&rft.atitle=Johor+govt+rejects+investment+detrimental+to+environment&rft.date=2018-06-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thesundaily.my%2Fnews%2F2018%2F06%2F30%2Fjohor-govt-rejects-investment-detrimental-environment&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-215"><a href="#cite_ref-215">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180814074741/http://meih.st.gov.my/documents/10620/b10baadc-ab2c-488b-a4af-57e1f4d4d7a3">"Electricity Supply Industry in Malaysia – Performance and Statistical Information"</a>. Energy Commission (Malaysia). 2007. p. 2. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://meih.st.gov.my/documents/10620/b10baadc-ab2c-488b-a4af-57e1f4d4d7a3">the original</a> on 14 August 2018. Retrieved 14 August 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Electricity+Supply+Industry+in+Malaysia+%E2%80%93+Performance+and+Statistical+Information&rft.pages=2&rft.pub=Energy+Commission+%28Malaysia%29&rft.date=2007&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmeih.st.gov.my%2Fdocuments%2F10620%2Fb10baadc-ab2c-488b-a4af-57e1f4d4d7a3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-216"><a href="#cite_ref-216">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180814080626/https://www.power-technology.com/projects/tanjung-bin-energy-power-plant/">"Tanjung Bin Energy Power Plant"</a>. Power Technology. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.power-technology.com/projects/tanjung-bin-energy-power-plant/">the original</a> on 14 August 2018. Retrieved 14 August 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tanjung+Bin+Energy+Power+Plant&rft.pub=Power+Technology&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.power-technology.com%2Fprojects%2Ftanjung-bin-energy-power-plant%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-217"><a href="#cite_ref-217">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180814080354/http://www.malakoff.com.my/Our-Business/Power-Plant-and-Water-Desalination-Plant-Locations/">"Power Plant and Water Desalination Plant Locations"</a>. Malakoff power company. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.malakoff.com.my/Our-Business/Power-Plant-and-Water-Desalination-Plant-Locations/">the original</a> on 14 August 2018. Retrieved 14 August 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Power+Plant+and+Water+Desalination+Plant+Locations&rft.pub=Malakoff+power+company&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malakoff.com.my%2FOur-Business%2FPower-Plant-and-Water-Desalination-Plant-Locations%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-capacity-218">^ <a href="#cite_ref-capacity_218-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-capacity_218-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180814090939/http://www.st.gov.my/en/contents/publications/outlook/Peninsular%20Malaysia%20Electricity%20Supply%20Outlook%202017.pdf">"Peninsular Malaysia [Electricity Supply Outlook]"</a> (PDF). Energy Commission (Malaysia). 2017. p. 7 8/60. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2289-7666">2289-7666</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.st.gov.my/en/contents/publications/outlook/Peninsular%20Malaysia%20Electricity%20Supply%20Outlook%202017.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 14 August 2018. Retrieved 14 August 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Peninsular+Malaysia+%5BElectricity+Supply+Outlook%5D&rft.pages=7+8%2F60&rft.pub=Energy+Commission+%28Malaysia%29&rft.date=2017&rft.issn=2289-7666&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.st.gov.my%2Fen%2Fcontents%2Fpublications%2Foutlook%2FPeninsular%2520Malaysia%2520Electricity%2520Supply%2520Outlook%25202017.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-219"><a href="#cite_ref-219">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180814091528/http://www.tnbremaco.com.my/track-record/test-diagnostics/test-services.html">"Test Services"</a>. Tenaga Nasional Berhad Remaco. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tnbremaco.com.my/track-record/test-diagnostics/test-services.html">the original</a> on 14 August 2018. Retrieved 14 August 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Test+Services&rft.pub=Tenaga+Nasional+Berhad+Remaco&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tnbremaco.com.my%2Ftrack-record%2Ftest-diagnostics%2Ftest-services.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-220"><a href="#cite_ref-220">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAhmad_Fairuz_Othman2015" class="citation news cs1">Ahmad Fairuz Othman (2 November 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nst.com.my/news/2015/11/johor-govt-studying-dam-idea">"Johor govt studying dam idea"</a>. New Straits Times. Retrieved 22 August 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Straits+Times&rft.atitle=Johor+govt+studying+dam+idea&rft.date=2015-11-02&rft.au=Ahmad+Fairuz+Othman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nst.com.my%2Fnews%2F2015%2F11%2Fjohor-govt-studying-dam-idea&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-221"><a href="#cite_ref-221">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlexander_Stark2018" class="citation web cs1">Alexander Stark (6 January 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180822064415/https://www.process-worldwide.com/poeyry-awarded-contract-for-gas-fired-combined-cycle-power-plant-in-malaysia-a-674625/">"Pöyry Awarded Contract for Gas-Fired Combined Cycle Power Plant in Malaysia"</a>. Process Worldwide. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.process-worldwide.com/poeyry-awarded-contract-for-gas-fired-combined-cycle-power-plant-in-malaysia-a-674625/">the original</a> on 22 August 2018. Retrieved 22 August 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=P%C3%B6yry+Awarded+Contract+for+Gas-Fired+Combined+Cycle+Power+Plant+in+Malaysia&rft.pub=Process+Worldwide&rft.date=2018-01-06&rft.au=Alexander+Stark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.process-worldwide.com%2Fpoeyry-awarded-contract-for-gas-fired-combined-cycle-power-plant-in-malaysia-a-674625%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-222"><a href="#cite_ref-222">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180822070635/http://www.jba.gov.my/index.php/empangan-air-negeri-johor">"Empangan Air Negeri Johor"</a> [Johor State Water Dam] (in Malay). Water Supply Department of Malaysia. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jba.gov.my/index.php/empangan-air-negeri-johor">the original</a> on 22 August 2018. Retrieved 22 August 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Empangan+Air+Negeri+Johor&rft.pub=Water+Supply+Department+of+Malaysia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jba.gov.my%2Findex.php%2Fempangan-air-negeri-johor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-223"><a href="#cite_ref-223">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.johor.gov.my/en/bakaj#1516083972002-1b13899b-05c8">"Water Regulatory Bodies of Johor"</a> (in Malay). State Government of Johor. Retrieved 22 August 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Water+Regulatory+Bodies+of+Johor&rft.pub=State+Government+of+Johor&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.johor.gov.my%2Fen%2Fbakaj%231516083972002-1b13899b-05c8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-224"><a href="#cite_ref-224">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180822071939/http://www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/countries_regions/Profile_segments/MYS-IntIss_eng.stm">"Malaysia [International water issues]"</a>. Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/countries_regions/Profile_segments/MYS-IntIss_eng.stm">the original</a> on 22 August 2018. Retrieved 22 August 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Malaysia+%5BInternational+water+issues%5D&rft.pub=Food+and+Agriculture+Organisation+of+the+United+Nations&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fao.org%2Fnr%2Fwater%2Faquastat%2Fcountries_regions%2FProfile_segments%2FMYS-IntIss_eng.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-225"><a href="#cite_ref-225">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160702120800/http://studentsrepo.um.edu.my/983/3/CHAPT2.pdf">"Chapter 2: An Overview of the Telecommunications Industry in Malaysia"</a> (PDF). University of Malaya. p. 2/21 (7). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://studentsrepo.um.edu.my/983/3/CHAPT2.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 2 July 2016. Retrieved 8 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chapter+2%3A+An+Overview+of+the+Telecommunications+Industry+in+Malaysia&rft.pages=2%2F21+%287%29&rft.pub=University+of+Malaya&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstudentsrepo.um.edu.my%2F983%2F3%2FCHAPT2.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-telecom_merged-226">^ <a href="#cite_ref-telecom_merged_226-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-telecom_merged_226-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1309&dat=19970517&id=6PxOAAAAIBAJ&pg=5076,2413004">"Changing role of the Telecoms Department"</a>. New Straits Times. 17 May 1997. Retrieved 8 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Straits+Times&rft.atitle=Changing+role+of+the+Telecoms+Department&rft.date=1997-05-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fnid%3D1309%26dat%3D19970517%26id%3D6PxOAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D5076%2C2413004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-227"><a href="#cite_ref-227">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSevia_MahdalizaKhairil_Amree_Zainol" class="citation web cs1">Sevia Mahdaliza; Khairil Amree Zainol. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180908061819/https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/11794445.pdf">"History of Communication in Malaysia (1940–2008)"</a> (PDF). p. 6/13. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/11794445.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 8 September 2018. Retrieved 8 September 2018 – via <a href="/wiki/CORE_(research_service)" title="CORE (research service)">CORE</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+of+Communication+in+Malaysia+%281940%E2%80%932008%29&rft.pages=6%2F13&rft.au=Sevia+Mahdaliza&rft.au=Khairil+Amree+Zainol&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcore.ac.uk%2Fdownload%2Fpdf%2F11794445.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-228"><a href="#cite_ref-228">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180908075512/https://www.ericsson.com/en/about-us/history/places/asia/malaysia">"Ericson History [Malaysia]"</a>. Ericson. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ericsson.com/en/about-us/history/places/asia/malaysia">the original</a> on 8 September 2018. Retrieved 8 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ericson+History+%5BMalaysia%5D&rft.pub=Ericson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ericsson.com%2Fen%2Fabout-us%2Fhistory%2Fplaces%2Fasia%2Fmalaysia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-229"><a href="#cite_ref-229">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbdul_Majid_Abdullah2003" class="citation web cs1">Abdul Majid Abdullah (1 March 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com.my/business/business-news/2003/03/01/evolution-of-the--malaysian-cellular-sector/">"Evolution of the Malaysian cellular sector"</a>. The Star. Retrieved 8 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Star&rft.atitle=Evolution+of+the+Malaysian+cellular+sector&rft.date=2003-03-01&rft.au=Abdul+Majid+Abdullah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com.my%2Fbusiness%2Fbusiness-news%2F2003%2F03%2F01%2Fevolution-of-the--malaysian-cellular-sector%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-230"><a href="#cite_ref-230">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180908064627/https://www.skmm.gov.my/skmmgovmy/media/General/pdf/HPUS2017.pdf">"Hand Phone Users Survey [Statistical Brief Number 22]"</a> (PDF). Statistical Brief. <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Communications_and_Multimedia_Commission" title="Malaysian Communications and Multimedia Commission">Malaysian Communications and Multimedia Commission</a>: 42/61 [43]. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1823-2523">1823-2523</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.skmm.gov.my/skmmgovmy/media/General/pdf/HPUS2017.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 8 September 2018. Retrieved 8 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Statistical+Brief&rft.atitle=Hand+Phone+Users+Survey+%5BStatistical+Brief+Number+22%5D&rft.pages=42%2F61+43&rft.issn=1823-2523&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.skmm.gov.my%2Fskmmgovmy%2Fmedia%2FGeneral%2Fpdf%2FHPUS2017.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-231"><a href="#cite_ref-231">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180908065058/https://www.mcmc.gov.my/skmmgovmy/media/General/pdf/MCMC-Internet-Users-Survey-2017.pdf">"Internet Users Survey [Statistical Brief Number 21]"</a> (PDF). Statistical Brief. Malaysian Communications and Multimedia Commission: 32/53 [31]. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1823-2523">1823-2523</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mcmc.gov.my/skmmgovmy/media/General/pdf/MCMC-Internet-Users-Survey-2017.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 8 September 2018. Retrieved 8 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Statistical+Brief&rft.atitle=Internet+Users+Survey+%5BStatistical+Brief+Number+21%5D&rft.pages=32%2F53+31&rft.issn=1823-2523&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mcmc.gov.my%2Fskmmgovmy%2Fmedia%2FGeneral%2Fpdf%2FMCMC-Internet-Users-Survey-2017.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-232"><a href="#cite_ref-232">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com.my/metro/metro-news/2018/04/07/urgent-need-for-highspeed-internet-mcmc-urged-to-develop-infrastructure-for-johor-to-embrace-digital/">"Urgent need for high-speed Internet"</a>. Bernama. The Star. 7 April 2018. Retrieved 10 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bernama&rft.atitle=Urgent+need+for+high-speed+Internet&rft.date=2018-04-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com.my%2Fmetro%2Fmetro-news%2F2018%2F04%2F07%2Furgent-need-for-highspeed-internet-mcmc-urged-to-develop-infrastructure-for-johor-to-embrace-digital%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-233"><a href="#cite_ref-233">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://johorfm.rtm.gov.my/">"Johor FM official website"</a>. RTM. Retrieved 10 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Johor+FM+official+website&rft.pub=RTM&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjohorfm.rtm.gov.my%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-234"><a href="#cite_ref-234">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180910103256/https://bestlah.my/">"Best FM"</a>. Best FM Official Website. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bestlah.my/">the original</a> on 10 September 2018. Retrieved 10 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Best+FM&rft.pub=Best+FM+Official+Website&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbestlah.my%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-235"><a href="#cite_ref-235">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180912033514/http://www.sinarharian.com.my/bisnes/tm-perluas-liputan-unifi-di-johor-1.389630">"TM perluas liputan UniFI di Johor"</a> [TM expands UniFI coverage in Johor]. Bernama (in Malay). Sinar Harian. 13 May 2015. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sinarharian.com.my/bisnes/tm-perluas-liputan-unifi-di-johor-1.389630">the original</a> on 12 September 2018. Retrieved 12 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bernama&rft.atitle=TM+perluas+liputan+UniFI+di+Johor&rft.date=2015-05-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sinarharian.com.my%2Fbisnes%2Ftm-perluas-liputan-unifi-di-johor-1.389630&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-road_networks-236">^ <a href="#cite_ref-road_networks_236-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-road_networks_236-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180912045049/https://www.piarc.org/ressources/documents/1216,road-network-in-malaysia-v2.pdf">"Malaysian Roads [General Information]"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/World_Road_Association" title="World Road Association">World Road Association</a>. p. 2/6–3/6. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.piarc.org/ressources/documents/1216,road-network-in-malaysia-v2.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 12 September 2018. Retrieved 12 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Malaysian+Roads+%5BGeneral+Information%5D&rft.pages=2%2F6-3%2F6&rft.pub=World+Road+Association&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.piarc.org%2Fressources%2Fdocuments%2F1216%2Croad-network-in-malaysia-v2.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-237"><a href="#cite_ref-237">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180915154940/https://www.jkr.gov.my/sites/default/files/upload/BUKU%20STATISTIK%20JALAN%20EDISI%202016.pdf">"Statistik Jalan"</a> [Road Statistics] (PDF) (in Malay). <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Public_Works_Department" title="Malaysian Public Works Department">Malaysian Public Works Department</a>. 2016. p. 10/148 [6]. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1985-9619">1985-9619</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jkr.gov.my/sites/default/files/upload/BUKU%20STATISTIK%20JALAN%20EDISI%202016.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 15 September 2018. Retrieved 12 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Statistik+Jalan&rft.pages=10%2F148+6&rft.pub=Malaysian+Public+Works+Department&rft.date=2016&rft.issn=1985-9619&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jkr.gov.my%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fupload%2FBUKU%2520STATISTIK%2520JALAN%2520EDISI%25202016.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-238"><a href="#cite_ref-238">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZazali_Musa2018" class="citation web cs1">Zazali Musa (19 January 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com.my/metro/metro-news/2018/01/19/first-phase-of-iskandar-malaysia-brt-to-be-ready-by-2021/">"First phase of Iskandar Malaysia BRT to be ready by 2021"</a>. The Star. Retrieved 15 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Star&rft.atitle=First+phase+of+Iskandar+Malaysia+BRT+to+be+ready+by+2021&rft.date=2018-01-19&rft.au=Zazali+Musa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com.my%2Fmetro%2Fmetro-news%2F2018%2F01%2F19%2Ffirst-phase-of-iskandar-malaysia-brt-to-be-ready-by-2021%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-239"><a href="#cite_ref-239">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMohd_Farhaan_Shah2018" class="citation web cs1">Mohd Farhaan Shah (26 February 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com.my/metro/metro-news/2018/02/26/johor-roads-and-bridges-to-be-upgraded-new-technology-using-natural-rubber-expected-to-reduce-cost-o/">"Johor roads and bridges to be upgraded"</a>. The Star. Retrieved 12 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Star&rft.atitle=Johor+roads+and+bridges+to+be+upgraded&rft.date=2018-02-26&rft.au=Mohd+Farhaan+Shah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com.my%2Fmetro%2Fmetro-news%2F2018%2F02%2F26%2Fjohor-roads-and-bridges-to-be-upgraded-new-technology-using-natural-rubber-expected-to-reduce-cost-o%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-240"><a href="#cite_ref-240">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNelson_Benjamin2018" class="citation web cs1">Nelson Benjamin (5 May 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com.my/metro/metro-news/2018/05/05/rm600mil-a-year-to-maintain-johor-roads-jkr-ronda-patrol-teams-drive-hundreds-of-kilometres-daily-to/">"RM600mil a year to maintain Johor roads"</a>. The Star. Retrieved 12 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Star&rft.atitle=RM600mil+a+year+to+maintain+Johor+roads&rft.date=2018-05-05&rft.au=Nelson+Benjamin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com.my%2Fmetro%2Fmetro-news%2F2018%2F05%2F05%2Frm600mil-a-year-to-maintain-johor-roads-jkr-ronda-patrol-teams-drive-hundreds-of-kilometres-daily-to%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-241"><a href="#cite_ref-241">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRizzoKhan2013" class="citation journal cs1">Rizzo, Agatino; Khan, Shahed (1 October 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0197397513000350">"Johor Bahru's response to transnational and national influences in the emerging Straits Mega-City Region"</a>. Habitat International. 40: 154–162. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.habitatint.2013.03.003">10.1016/j.habitatint.2013.03.003</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0197-3975">0197-3975</a>. Retrieved 31 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Habitat+International&rft.atitle=Johor+Bahru%27s+response+to+transnational+and+national+influences+in+the+emerging+Straits+Mega-City+Region&rft.volume=40&rft.pages=154-162&rft.date=2013-10-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.habitatint.2013.03.003&rft.issn=0197-3975&rft.aulast=Rizzo&rft.aufirst=Agatino&rft.au=Khan%2C+Shahed&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fabs%2Fpii%2FS0197397513000350&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-242"><a href="#cite_ref-242">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.businesstimes.com.sg/government-economy/decision-on-singapore-and-malaysia-rail-projects-out-soon">"Decision on Singapore and Malaysia rail projects out soon"</a>. The Business Times. 31 August 2018. Retrieved 13 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Decision+on+Singapore+and+Malaysia+rail+projects+out+soon&rft.pub=The+Business+Times&rft.date=2018-08-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.businesstimes.com.sg%2Fgovernment-economy%2Fdecision-on-singapore-and-malaysia-rail-projects-out-soon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> (subscription required) </li> <li id="cite_note-243"><a href="#cite_ref-243">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180913045521/https://centreforaviation.com/analysis/reports/malaysias-fastest-growing-airport-senai-in-johor-poised-for-more-rapid-growth-driven-by-airasia-278673">"Malaysia's fastest-growing airport, Senai in Johor, poised for more rapid growth driven by AirAsia"</a>. Centre for Aviation (CAPA). 2 May 2016. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://centreforaviation.com/analysis/reports/malaysias-fastest-growing-airport-senai-in-johor-poised-for-more-rapid-growth-driven-by-airasia-278673">the original</a> on 13 September 2018. Retrieved 13 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Malaysia%27s+fastest-growing+airport%2C+Senai+in+Johor%2C+poised+for+more+rapid+growth+driven+by+AirAsia&rft.pub=Centre+for+Aviation+%28CAPA%29&rft.date=2016-05-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcentreforaviation.com%2Fanalysis%2Freports%2Fmalaysias-fastest-growing-airport-senai-in-johor-poised-for-more-rapid-growth-driven-by-airasia-278673&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-244"><a href="#cite_ref-244">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180913045249/http://english.astroawani.com/malaysia-news/senai-international-airport-upgrade-80-percent-completed-148479">"Senai International Airport upgrade 80 percent completed"</a>. Bernama. Astro Awani. 6 July 2017. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.astroawani.com/malaysia-news/senai-international-airport-upgrade-80-percent-completed-148479">the original</a> on 13 September 2018. Retrieved 13 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bernama&rft.atitle=Senai+International+Airport+upgrade+80+percent+completed&rft.date=2017-07-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglish.astroawani.com%2Fmalaysia-news%2Fsenai-international-airport-upgrade-80-percent-completed-148479&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-245"><a href="#cite_ref-245">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180913045029/https://www.skyscanner.com.my/flights-to/jhb/airlines-that-fly-to-johor-bahru-airport.html">"Airlines flying from Malaysia to Johor Bahru"</a>. Sky Scanner. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.skyscanner.com.my/flights-to/bki/airlines-that-fly-to-kota-kinabalu-airport.html">the original</a> on 13 September 2018. Retrieved 13 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Airlines+flying+from+Malaysia+to+Johor+Bahru&rft.pub=Sky+Scanner&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.skyscanner.com.my%2Fflights-to%2Fbki%2Fairlines-that-fly-to-kota-kinabalu-airport.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-246"><a href="#cite_ref-246">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ourairports.com/countries/MY/01/airports.html">"Airports in Johor, Malaysia"</a>. OurAirports. Retrieved 22 August 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Airports+in+Johor%2C+Malaysia&rft.pub=OurAirports&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fourairports.com%2Fcountries%2FMY%2F01%2Fairports.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-247"><a href="#cite_ref-247">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180913055029/http://www.mot.gov.my/en/maritime/ports-in-malaysia">"Ports in Malaysia"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Transport_(Malaysia)" title="Ministry of Transport (Malaysia)">Ministry of Transport (Malaysia)</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mot.gov.my/en/maritime/ports-in-malaysia">the original</a> on 13 September 2018. Retrieved 13 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ports+in+Malaysia&rft.pub=Ministry+of+Transport+%28Malaysia%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mot.gov.my%2Fen%2Fmaritime%2Fports-in-malaysia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-248"><a href="#cite_ref-248">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180913060215/http://www.ictdepot.com/v1/">"About"</a>. Integrated Container Terminal. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ictdepot.com/v1/#about">the original</a> on 13 September 2018. Retrieved 13 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About&rft.pub=Integrated+Container+Terminal&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ictdepot.com%2Fv1%2F%23about&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-249"><a href="#cite_ref-249">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180913060523/http://www.johorport.com.my/facilities/container-terminal">"Container Terminal"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Johor_Port" title="Johor Port">Johor Port</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.johorport.com.my/facilities/container-terminal">the original</a> on 13 September 2018. Retrieved 13 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Container+Terminal&rft.pub=Johor+Port&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.johorport.com.my%2Ffacilities%2Fcontainer-terminal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-250"><a href="#cite_ref-250">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180913061042/http://www.jcorp.com.my/tanjung-langsat-port-sdn-bhd-105.aspx">"TLP Terminal"</a>. Johor Corporation. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jcorp.com.my/tanjung-langsat-port-sdn-bhd-105.aspx">the original</a> on 13 September 2018. Retrieved 13 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=TLP+Terminal&rft.pub=Johor+Corporation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jcorp.com.my%2Ftanjung-langsat-port-sdn-bhd-105.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-251"><a href="#cite_ref-251">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180913061605/http://www.tlpterminal.com.my/usr/page.aspx?pgid=2">"About TLP Terminal"</a>. TLP Terminal. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tlpterminal.com.my/usr/page.aspx?pgid=2">the original</a> on 13 September 2018. Retrieved 13 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+TLP+Terminal&rft.pub=TLP+Terminal&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tlpterminal.com.my%2Fusr%2Fpage.aspx%3Fpgid%3D2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-252"><a href="#cite_ref-252">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSimon_RichmondDamian_Harper2006" class="citation book cs1">Simon Richmond; Damian Harper (December 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9a02sRJKFhMC&pg=PA247">Malaysia, Singapore & Brunei. Ediz. Inglese</a>. Lonely Planet. pp. 247–253. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-74059-708-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-74059-708-1"><bdi>978-1-74059-708-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Malaysia%2C+Singapore+%26+Brunei.+Ediz.+Inglese&rft.pages=247-253&rft.pub=Lonely+Planet&rft.date=2006-12&rft.isbn=978-1-74059-708-1&rft.au=Simon+Richmond&rft.au=Damian+Harper&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9a02sRJKFhMC%26pg%3DPA247&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-253"><a href="#cite_ref-253">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180913063822/https://www.malaymail.com/s/894409/more-ferry-services-between-johor-and-singapore">"More ferry services between Johor and Singapore"</a>. Today Online. The Malay Mail. 11 May 2015. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.malaymail.com/s/894409/more-ferry-services-between-johor-and-singapore">the original</a> on 13 September 2018. Retrieved 13 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Today+Online&rft.atitle=More+ferry+services+between+Johor+and+Singapore&rft.date=2015-05-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.malaymail.com%2Fs%2F894409%2Fmore-ferry-services-between-johor-and-singapore&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988">  • <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYee_Xiang_Yun2016" class="citation web cs1">Yee Xiang Yun (26 July 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2016/07/26/johor-proposes-ferry-services-to-singapore/">"Johor proposes ferry services to Singapore"</a>. The Star. Retrieved 13 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Star&rft.atitle=Johor+proposes+ferry+services+to+Singapore&rft.date=2016-07-26&rft.au=Yee+Xiang+Yun&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com.my%2Fnews%2Fnation%2F2016%2F07%2F26%2Fjohor-proposes-ferry-services-to-singapore%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988">  • <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLow_Sock_Ken2018" class="citation web cs1">Low Sock Ken (21 June 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180913064206/http://www.thesundaily.my/news/2018/06/21/firms-keen-ferry-service-between-johor-and-singapore">"Firms keen on ferry service between Johor and Singapore"</a>. The Sun. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thesundaily.my/news/2018/06/21/firms-keen-ferry-service-between-johor-and-singapore">the original</a> on 13 September 2018. Retrieved 13 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Sun&rft.atitle=Firms+keen+on+ferry+service+between+Johor+and+Singapore&rft.date=2018-06-21&rft.au=Low+Sock+Ken&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thesundaily.my%2Fnews%2F2018%2F06%2F21%2Ffirms-keen-ferry-service-between-johor-and-singapore&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-254"><a href="#cite_ref-254">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180913084230/http://jknjohor.moh.gov.my/bmv/modules/mastop_publish/?tac=50">"Senarai Hospital Swasta"</a> [List of Private Hospitals] (in Malay). Johor State Health Department. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jknjohor.moh.gov.my/bmv/modules/mastop_publish/?tac=50">the original</a> on 13 September 2018. Retrieved 13 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Senarai+Hospital+Swasta&rft.pub=Johor+State+Health+Department&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjknjohor.moh.gov.my%2Fbmv%2Fmodules%2Fmastop_publish%2F%3Ftac%3D50&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-255"><a href="#cite_ref-255">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKamaliah_MNTeng_CLNordin_SNoraziah_AB2008–2009" class="citation web cs1">Kamaliah MN; Teng CL; Nordin S; Noraziah AB; Salmiah MS; Fauzia AM; Normimiroslina CO; Nadia FMG; Farah A; Mohd AY (2008–2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180914031909/http://www.crc.gov.my/nhsi/wp-content/uploads/publications/NHEWS_PrimaryCare/chapter3.pdf">"Workforce in Primary Care in Malaysia [Table 3.1 Number and Density of Primary Care Doctors in Malaysia by State and Sector]"</a> (PDF). National Healthcare Establishment and Workforce Statistics, Malaysia. p. 2/6 [8]. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.crc.gov.my/nhsi/wp-content/uploads/publications/NHEWS_PrimaryCare/chapter3.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 14 September 2018. Retrieved 13 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Workforce+in+Primary+Care+in+Malaysia+%5BTable+3.1+Number+and+Density+of+Primary+Care+Doctors+in+Malaysia+by+State+and+Sector%5D&rft.pages=2%2F6+8&rft.pub=National+Healthcare+Establishment+and+Workforce+Statistics%2C+Malaysia&rft.date=2008%2F2009&rft.au=Kamaliah+MN&rft.au=Teng+CL&rft.au=Nordin+S&rft.au=Noraziah+AB&rft.au=Salmiah+MS&rft.au=Fauzia+AM&rft.au=Normimiroslina+CO&rft.au=Nadia+FMG&rft.au=Farah+A&rft.au=Mohd+AY&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.crc.gov.my%2Fnhsi%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2Fpublications%2FNHEWS_PrimaryCare%2Fchapter3.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-256"><a href="#cite_ref-256">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151226144856/http://jpnjohor.moe.gov.my/">"Jabatan Pendidikan Negeri Johor (Johor State Education Department)"</a>. Johor State Education Department. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jpnjohor.moe.gov.my/">the original</a> on 26 December 2015. Retrieved 13 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jabatan+Pendidikan+Negeri+Johor+%28Johor+State+Education+Department%29&rft.pub=Johor+State+Education+Department&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjpnjohor.moe.gov.my%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-257"><a href="#cite_ref-257">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnabelle_Ong2015" class="citation web cs1">Anabelle Ong (8 April 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180914003938/https://says.com/my/news/old-school-sekolah-menengahs-that-are-over-100-years-old-and-still-going-strong">"14 SMKs That Are Over 100 Years Old And Still Going Strong"</a>. Says.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://says.com/my/news/old-school-sekolah-menengahs-that-are-over-100-years-old-and-still-going-strong">the original</a> on 14 September 2018. Retrieved 13 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=14+SMKs+That+Are+Over+100+Years+Old+And+Still+Going+Strong&rft.pub=Says.com&rft.date=2015-04-08&rft.au=Anabelle+Ong&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsays.com%2Fmy%2Fnews%2Fold-school-sekolah-menengahs-that-are-over-100-years-old-and-still-going-strong&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-258"><a href="#cite_ref-258">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://emisportal.moe.gov.my/emis/emis2/emisportal2/doc/fckeditor/File/senarai_sek_09/menengah/JohorM.pdf">"Senarai Sekolah Menengah di Negeri Johor (List of Secondary Schools in Johor)"</a> (PDF). Educational Management Information System. Retrieved 13 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Senarai+Sekolah+Menengah+di+Negeri+Johor+%28List+of+Secondary+Schools+in+Johor%29&rft.pub=Educational+Management+Information+System&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Femisportal.moe.gov.my%2Femis%2Femis2%2Femisportal2%2Fdoc%2Ffckeditor%2FFile%2Fsenarai_sek_09%2Fmenengah%2FJohorM.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">dead link</a>‍] <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://anzdoc.com/senarai-sekolah-menengah-di-negeri-johor-darul-takzim.html">Alt URL</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-259"><a href="#cite_ref-259">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.austinheights.edu.my/en/">"Home"</a>. Austin Heights Private and International Schools. Retrieved 13 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Home&rft.pub=Austin+Heights+Private+and+International+Schools&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.austinheights.edu.my%2Fen%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-260"><a href="#cite_ref-260">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chis.edu.my/">"Home"</a>. Crescendo-HELP International School. Retrieved 13 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Home&rft.pub=Crescendo-HELP+International+School&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chis.edu.my%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-261"><a href="#cite_ref-261">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171209100530/http://www.crescendo.edu.my/site/">"Home"</a>. Crescendo International College. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.crescendo.edu.my/site/">the original</a> on 9 December 2017. Retrieved 13 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Home&rft.pub=Crescendo+International+College&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.crescendo.edu.my%2Fsite%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-262"><a href="#cite_ref-262">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180915130608/https://www.eis.edu.my/index.php/en/">"Home"</a>. Excelsior International School. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eis.edu.my/index.php/en/">the original</a> on 15 September 2018. Retrieved 13 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Home&rft.pub=Excelsior+International+School&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eis.edu.my%2Findex.php%2Fen%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-263"><a href="#cite_ref-263">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.paragon.edu.my/">"Home"</a>. Paragon Private and International School. Retrieved 13 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Home&rft.pub=Paragon+Private+and+International+School&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.paragon.edu.my%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-264"><a href="#cite_ref-264">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180914233530/http://www.seriomega.edu.my/">"Home"</a>. Seri Omega Private and International School. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.seriomega.edu.my/">the original</a> on 14 September 2018. Retrieved 13 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Home&rft.pub=Seri+Omega+Private+and+International+School&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.seriomega.edu.my%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-265"><a href="#cite_ref-265">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://araschools.edu.my/">"Home"</a>. Sri Ara International Schools. Retrieved 13 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Home&rft.pub=Sri+Ara+International+Schools&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Faraschools.edu.my%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-266"><a href="#cite_ref-266">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://edustarclub.com/">"Home"</a>. StarClub Education. Retrieved 13 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Home&rft.pub=StarClub+Education&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fedustarclub.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-267"><a href="#cite_ref-267">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sis.sunway.edu.my/iskandar/">"Home"</a>. Sunway International School. Retrieved 13 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Home&rft.pub=Sunway+International+School&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsis.sunway.edu.my%2Fiskandar%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-268"><a href="#cite_ref-268">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180915122204/https://www.tenby.edu.my/main-structure.php?school=setia-eco-gardens">"Home"</a>. Tenby Schools Setia Eco Gardens. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tenby.edu.my/main-structure.php?school=setia-eco-gardens">the original</a> on 15 September 2018. Retrieved 13 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Home&rft.pub=Tenby+Schools+Setia+Eco+Gardens&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tenby.edu.my%2Fmain-structure.php%3Fschool%3Dsetia-eco-gardens&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-269"><a href="#cite_ref-269">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180915122219/http://uniworld.edu.my/">"Home"</a>. UniWorld International School. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uniworld.edu.my/">the original</a> on 15 September 2018. Retrieved 13 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Home&rft.pub=UniWorld+International+School&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Funiworld.edu.my%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-270"><a href="#cite_ref-270">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.raffles-american-school.edu.my/usr/page.aspx?pgid=2">"Home"</a>. Raffles American School. Retrieved 13 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Home&rft.pub=Raffles+American+School&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.raffles-american-school.edu.my%2Fusr%2Fpage.aspx%3Fpgid%3D2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-271"><a href="#cite_ref-271">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.marlboroughcollegemalaysia.org/">"About"</a>. Marlborough College Malaysia. Retrieved 13 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About&rft.pub=Marlborough+College+Malaysia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.marlboroughcollegemalaysia.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-272"><a href="#cite_ref-272">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180915122144/http://realschools.edu.my/contact/">"Contact"</a>. R.E.A.L Schools. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://realschools.edu.my/contact/">the original</a> on 15 September 2018. Retrieved 13 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Contact&rft.pub=R.E.A.L+Schools&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frealschools.edu.my%2Fcontact%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-273"><a href="#cite_ref-273">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.utama.edu.my/johor-bahru-campus/">"Home"</a>. Utama Schools. Retrieved 13 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Home&rft.pub=Utama+Schools&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.utama.edu.my%2Fjohor-bahru-campus%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-274"><a href="#cite_ref-274">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160626080230/http://www.thesundaily.my/node/135077">"55,975 bumiputera pupils in Chinese schools"</a>. Bernama. The Sun. 17 December 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thesundaily.my/node/135077">the original</a> on 26 June 2016. Retrieved 13 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bernama&rft.atitle=55%2C975+bumiputera+pupils+in+Chinese+schools&rft.date=2010-12-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thesundaily.my%2Fnode%2F135077&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-275"><a href="#cite_ref-275">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRahmadi_Diliawan2015" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Rahmadi Diliawan (12 August 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kemdikbud.go.id/main/blog/2015/08/mendikbud-resmikan-gedung-sekolah-indonesia-johor-bahru-4489-4489-4489">"Mendikbud Resmikan Gedung Sekolah Indonesia Johor Bahru"</a> [Minister of Education and Culture Opens Indonesian School Building in Johor Bahru] (in Indonesian). <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Education_and_Culture_(Indonesia)" title="Ministry of Education and Culture (Indonesia)">Ministry of Education and Culture (Indonesia)</a>. Retrieved 13 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mendikbud+Resmikan+Gedung+Sekolah+Indonesia+Johor+Bahru&rft.pub=Ministry+of+Education+and+Culture+%28Indonesia%29&rft.date=2015-08-12&rft.au=Rahmadi+Diliawan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kemdikbud.go.id%2Fmain%2Fblog%2F2015%2F08%2Fmendikbud-resmikan-gedung-sekolah-indonesia-johor-bahru-4489-4489-4489&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-276"><a href="#cite_ref-276">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jfkl.org.my/language/learners/list-of-japanese-language-school-in-malaysia/">"List of Japanese Language School in Malaysia [Johor]"</a>. Japan Foundation Kuala Lumpur. Retrieved 22 October 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=List+of+Japanese+Language+School+in+Malaysia+%5BJohor%5D&rft.pub=Japan+Foundation+Kuala+Lumpur&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jfkl.org.my%2Flanguage%2Flearners%2Flist-of-japanese-language-school-in-malaysia%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-277"><a href="#cite_ref-277">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nuri.com.my/">"About"</a>. Nuri Kindergarten and Childcare. Retrieved 13 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About&rft.pub=Nuri+Kindergarten+and+Childcare&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nuri.com.my%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-278"><a href="#cite_ref-278">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://stellar.edu.my/">"Home"</a>. Stellar Preschool. Retrieved 13 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Home&rft.pub=Stellar+Preschool&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstellar.edu.my%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-279"><a href="#cite_ref-279">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tadikakastil.com/contact-us-kindergarten-preschool">"Contact Us"</a>. Tadika Kastil. Retrieved 13 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Contact+Us&rft.pub=Tadika+Kastil&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tadikakastil.com%2Fcontact-us-kindergarten-preschool&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-280"><a href="#cite_ref-280">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180914023213/http://www2.mqa.gov.my/mqr/english/eiptaKPListAA.cfm?IDAkrIPTS=511">"Institut Pendidikan Guru (IPG) (Kampus Temenggong Ibrahim)"</a>. Malaysian Qualifications Register. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.mqa.gov.my/mqr/english/eiptaKPListAA.cfm?IDAkrIPTS=511">the original</a> on 14 September 2018. Retrieved 13 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Institut+Pendidikan+Guru+%28IPG%29+%28Kampus+Temenggong+Ibrahim%29&rft.pub=Malaysian+Qualifications+Register&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww2.mqa.gov.my%2Fmqr%2Fenglish%2FeiptaKPListAA.cfm%3FIDAkrIPTS%3D511&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-281"><a href="#cite_ref-281">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180914023520/http://www2.mqa.gov.my/mqr/english/eiptaKPListAA.cfm?IDAkrIPTS=510">"Institut Pendidikan Guru (IPG) (Kampus Tun Hussien Onn)"</a>. Malaysian Qualifications Register. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.mqa.gov.my/mqr/english/eiptaKPListAA.cfm?IDAkrIPTS=510">the original</a> on 14 September 2018. Retrieved 13 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Institut+Pendidikan+Guru+%28IPG%29+%28Kampus+Tun+Hussien+Onn%29&rft.pub=Malaysian+Qualifications+Register&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww2.mqa.gov.my%2Fmqr%2Fenglish%2FeiptaKPListAA.cfm%3FIDAkrIPTS%3D510&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-282"><a href="#cite_ref-282">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040813230036/http://www.sc.edu.my/english/aboutsc/aschome.htm">"Southern College Information"</a>. Southern College. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sc.edu.my/english/aboutsc/aschome.htm">the original</a> on 13 August 2004. Retrieved 13 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Southern+College+Information&rft.pub=Southern+College&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sc.edu.my%2Fenglish%2Faboutsc%2Faschome.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-283"><a href="#cite_ref-283">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bernama.com/state-news/beritabm.php?id=1633121">"Penubuhan Universiti Johor diperkenan Sultan Ibrahim – Exco"</a> [The establishment of the University of Johor was approved by Sultan Ibrahim – Exco] (in Malay). Bernama. 16 August 2018. Retrieved 13 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Penubuhan+Universiti+Johor+diperkenan+Sultan+Ibrahim+%E2%80%93+Exco&rft.pub=Bernama&rft.date=2018-08-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bernama.com%2Fstate-news%2Fberitabm.php%3Fid%3D1633121&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-284"><a href="#cite_ref-284">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180914025017/http://www.thesundaily.my/news/2018/08/25/education-ministry-help-establish-universti-johor-dr-maszlee">"Education ministry to help establish Universti Johor: Dr Maszlee"</a>. Bernama. The Sun. 24 August 2018. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thesundaily.my/news/2018/08/25/education-ministry-help-establish-universti-johor-dr-maszlee">the original</a> on 14 September 2018. Retrieved 13 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bernama&rft.atitle=Education+ministry+to+help+establish+Universti+Johor%3A+Dr+Maszlee&rft.date=2018-08-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thesundaily.my%2Fnews%2F2018%2F08%2F25%2Feducation-ministry-help-establish-universti-johor-dr-maszlee&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-285"><a href="#cite_ref-285">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKhairul_Ashraf_Kammed2017" class="citation news cs1">Khairul Ashraf Kammed (16 November 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nst.com.my/property/2017/11/303935/rise-pagoh">"The rise of Pagoh"</a>. <a href="/wiki/New_Straits_Times" title="New Straits Times">New Straits Times</a>. Retrieved 5 September 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+rise+of+Pagoh&rft.date=2017-11-16&rft.au=Khairul+Ashraf+Kammed&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nst.com.my%2Fproperty%2F2017%2F11%2F303935%2Frise-pagoh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-286"><a href="#cite_ref-286">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180914033248/http://www.thesundaily.my/news/2017/05/14/johor-introduces-six-measures-upgrade-state-education-quality">"Johor introduces six measures to upgrade state education quality"</a>. Bernama. The Sun. 14 May 2017. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thesundaily.my/news/2017/05/14/johor-introduces-six-measures-upgrade-state-education-quality">the original</a> on 14 September 2018. Retrieved 13 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bernama&rft.atitle=Johor+introduces+six+measures+to+upgrade+state+education+quality&rft.date=2017-05-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thesundaily.my%2Fnews%2F2017%2F05%2F14%2Fjohor-introduces-six-measures-upgrade-state-education-quality&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-287"><a href="#cite_ref-287">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180914033553/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/asia/johor-selangor-education-malaysia-states-teacher-shortage-10711104">"Johor, Selangor among several Malaysian states facing teacher shortage"</a>. Bernama. Channel NewsAsia. 13 September 2018. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/asia/johor-selangor-education-malaysia-states-teacher-shortage-10711104">the original</a> on 14 September 2018. Retrieved 13 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bernama&rft.atitle=Johor%2C+Selangor+among+several+Malaysian+states+facing+teacher+shortage&rft.date=2018-09-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.channelnewsasia.com%2Fnews%2Fasia%2Fjohor-selangor-education-malaysia-states-teacher-shortage-10711104&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-288"><a href="#cite_ref-288">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ppaj.johor.gov.my/">"Laman Utama"</a> [Main Page] (in Malay). Johor State Library. Retrieved 14 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Laman+Utama&rft.pub=Johor+State+Library&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fppaj.johor.gov.my%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2020KF-289">^ <a href="#cite_ref-2020KF_289-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-2020KF_289-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dosm.gov.my/uploads/publications/20221020150523.pdf">"Key Findings of Population and Housing Census of Malaysia 2020"</a> (pdf) (in Malay and English). Department of Statistics, Malaysia. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-967-2000-85-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-967-2000-85-3"><bdi>978-967-2000-85-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Key+Findings+of+Population+and+Housing+Census+of+Malaysia+2020&rft.pub=Department+of+Statistics%2C+Malaysia&rft.isbn=978-967-2000-85-3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dosm.gov.my%2Fuploads%2Fpublications%2F20221020150523.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2015_population-290">^ <a href="#cite_ref-2015_population_290-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-2015_population_290-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160212125740/http://pmr.penerangan.gov.my/index.php/info-terkini/19463-unjuran-populasi-penduduk-2015.html">"Population by States and Ethnic Group"</a>. Department of Information, Ministry of Communications and Multimedia, Malaysia. 2015. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pmr.penerangan.gov.my/index.php/info-terkini/19463-unjuran-populasi-penduduk-2015.html">the original</a> on 12 February 2016. Retrieved 13 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Population+by+States+and+Ethnic+Group&rft.pub=Department+of+Information%2C+Ministry+of+Communications+and+Multimedia%2C+Malaysia&rft.date=2015&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpmr.penerangan.gov.my%2Findex.php%2Finfo-terkini%2F19463-unjuran-populasi-penduduk-2015.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-291"><a href="#cite_ref-291">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180914082535/https://www.malaymail.com/s/1513841/poll-one-in-10-johoreans-identify-as-bangsa-johor-first-malaysians-second">"Poll: One in 10 Johorians identify as 'Bangsa Johor' first, Malaysians second"</a>. The Malay Mail. 19 November 2017. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.malaymail.com/s/1513841/poll-one-in-10-johoreans-identify-as-bangsa-johor-first-malaysians-second">the original</a> on 14 September 2018. Retrieved 13 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Malay+Mail&rft.atitle=Poll%3A+One+in+10+Johorians+identify+as+%27Bangsa+Johor%27+first%2C+Malaysians+second&rft.date=2017-11-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.malaymail.com%2Fs%2F1513841%2Fpoll-one-in-10-johoreans-identify-as-bangsa-johor-first-malaysians-second&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-292"><a href="#cite_ref-292">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrancis_E_HutchinsonTerence_Chong2016" class="citation book cs1">Francis E Hutchinson; Terence Chong (14 June 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ck13DAAAQBAJ&pg=PA48">The SIJORI Cross-Border Region: Transnational Politics, Economics, and Culture</a>. ISEAS-Yusof Ishak Institute. pp. 48–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-981-4695-58-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-981-4695-58-9"><bdi>978-981-4695-58-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+SIJORI+Cross-Border+Region%3A+Transnational+Politics%2C+Economics%2C+and+Culture&rft.pages=48-&rft.pub=ISEAS-Yusof+Ishak+Institute&rft.date=2016-06-14&rft.isbn=978-981-4695-58-9&rft.au=Francis+E+Hutchinson&rft.au=Terence+Chong&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dck13DAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA48&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-293"><a href="#cite_ref-293">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180914074549/https://www.knomad.org/sites/default/files/2017-06/KNOMAD-MALAYSIA-NEW.pdf">"Foreign Workers in Malaysia: Assessment of their Economic Effects and Review of the Policy"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank">World Bank</a>. <a href="/wiki/KNOMAD" title="KNOMAD">KNOMAD</a>. 13 June 2013. p. 16/70. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.knomad.org/sites/default/files/2017-06/KNOMAD-MALAYSIA-NEW.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 14 September 2018. Retrieved 13 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+Bank&rft.atitle=Foreign+Workers+in+Malaysia%3A+Assessment+of+their+Economic+Effects+and+Review+of+the+Policy&rft.pages=16%2F70&rft.date=2013-06-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.knomad.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2F2017-06%2FKNOMAD-MALAYSIA-NEW.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-total_religion-294">^ <a href="#cite_ref-total_religion_294-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-total_religion_294-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-total_religion_294-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140522234002/http://www.statistics.gov.my/portal/download_Population/files/census2010/Taburan_Penduduk_dan_Ciri-ciri_Asas_Demografi.pdf">"Taburan Penduduk dan Ciri-ciri asas demografi (Population Distribution and Basic demographic characteristics 2010)"</a> (PDF). Department of Statistics, Malaysia. 2010. p. 13 [26/156]. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.statistics.gov.my/portal/download_Population/files/census2010/Taburan_Penduduk_dan_Ciri-ciri_Asas_Demografi.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 22 May 2014. Retrieved 15 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Taburan+Penduduk+dan+Ciri-ciri+asas+demografi+%28Population+Distribution+and+Basic+demographic+characteristics+2010%29&rft.pages=13+26%2F156&rft.pub=Department+of+Statistics%2C+Malaysia&rft.date=2010&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.statistics.gov.my%2Fportal%2Fdownload_Population%2Ffiles%2Fcensus2010%2FTaburan_Penduduk_dan_Ciri-ciri_Asas_Demografi.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-295"><a href="#cite_ref-295">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKristen_Stilt2015" class="citation journal cs1">Kristen Stilt (25 July 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Ficon%2Fmov031">"Contextualizing constitutional Islam: The Malayan experience"</a>. International Journal of Constitutional Law. 3 (2). Oxford Academic: 407–433. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Ficon%2Fmov031">10.1093/icon/mov031</a>. <q>Article 57 of the 1895 Constitution of Johor provided that: What is called the 'Religion of the State' for this Territory and State of Johor is the Muslim Religion, and such being the case, the Muslim Religion shall continuously and forever be, and be acknowledged to be, and spoken of as, the 'State Religion.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Constitutional+Law&rft.atitle=Contextualizing+constitutional+Islam%3A+The+Malayan+experience&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=407-433&rft.date=2015-07-25&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Ficon%2Fmov031&rft.au=Kristen+Stilt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1093%252Ficon%252Fmov031&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-296"><a href="#cite_ref-296">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://royal.johor.my/pentadbiran-johor/">"Pentadbiran Johor"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pentadbiran+Johor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Froyal.johor.my%2Fpentadbiran-johor%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-297"><a href="#cite_ref-297">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2019/07/08/johor-sultanuse-education-system-to-promote-unity">"Johor Sultan: Use education system to promote unity"</a>. The Star. 8 July 2019. Retrieved 22 August 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Star&rft.atitle=Johor+Sultan%3A+Use+education+system+to+promote+unity&rft.date=2019-07-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com.my%2Fnews%2Fnation%2F2019%2F07%2F08%2Fjohor-sultanuse-education-system-to-promote-unity&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-298"><a href="#cite_ref-298">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAsmah_Haji_Omar2004" class="citation book cs1">Asmah Haji Omar (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CFkOAQAAMAAJ">The Encyclopedia of Malaysia: Languages and literature</a>. Archipelago Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789813018525" title="Special:BookSources/9789813018525"><bdi>9789813018525</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+Malaysia%3A+Languages+and+literature&rft.pub=Archipelago+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=9789813018525&rft.au=Asmah+Haji+Omar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCFkOAQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988">  • <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCynthia_Chou2009" class="citation book cs1">Cynthia Chou (16 October 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vh-DAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA6">The Orang Suku Laut of Riau, Indonesia: The Inalienable Gift of Territory</a>. Routledge. pp. 6–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-134-43033-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-134-43033-8"><bdi>978-1-134-43033-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Orang+Suku+Laut+of+Riau%2C+Indonesia%3A+The+Inalienable+Gift+of+Territory&rft.pages=6-&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2009-10-16&rft.isbn=978-1-134-43033-8&rft.au=Cynthia+Chou&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dvh-DAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988">  • <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMichael_Clyne2012" class="citation book cs1">Michael Clyne (24 May 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ieMgAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA413">Pluricentric Languages: Differing Norms in Different Nations</a>. Walter de Gruyter. pp. 413–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-11-088814-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-11-088814-0"><bdi>978-3-11-088814-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pluricentric+Languages%3A+Differing+Norms+in+Different+Nations&rft.pages=413-&rft.pub=Walter+de+Gruyter&rft.date=2012-05-24&rft.isbn=978-3-11-088814-0&rft.au=Michael+Clyne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DieMgAAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA413&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-299"><a href="#cite_ref-299">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAsmah_Haji_Omar2015" class="citation book cs1">Asmah Haji Omar (16 December 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=iaQ0CwAAQBAJ&pg=PT53">Languages in the Malaysian Education System: Monolingual strands in multilingual settings</a>. Routledge. pp. 53–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-317-36421-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-317-36421-4"><bdi>978-1-317-36421-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Languages+in+the+Malaysian+Education+System%3A+Monolingual+strands+in+multilingual+settings&rft.pages=53-&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2015-12-16&rft.isbn=978-1-317-36421-4&rft.au=Asmah+Haji+Omar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DiaQ0CwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT53&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-300"><a href="#cite_ref-300">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCecilia_Odé1997" class="citation book cs1">Cecilia Odé (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=iyGd2N1KwO4C&pg=PA36">Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Austronesian Linguistics: Leiden 22–27 August 1994</a>. Rodopi. pp. 36–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-420-0253-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-420-0253-1"><bdi>978-90-420-0253-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Proceedings+of+the+Seventh+International+Conference+on+Austronesian+Linguistics%3A+Leiden+22%E2%80%9327+August+1994&rft.pages=36-&rft.pub=Rodopi&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-90-420-0253-1&rft.au=Cecilia+Od%C3%A9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DiyGd2N1KwO4C%26pg%3DPA36&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-301"><a href="#cite_ref-301">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180915054609/https://www.malaymail.com/s/1477147/johor-permaisuri-urges-more-effort-to-increase-english-language-proficiency">"Johor Permaisuri urges more effort to increase English language proficiency among young people"</a>. Bernama. The Malay Mail. 1 October 2017. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.malaymail.com/s/1477147/johor-permaisuri-urges-more-effort-to-increase-english-language-proficiency">the original</a> on 15 September 2018. Retrieved 15 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bernama&rft.atitle=Johor+Permaisuri+urges+more+effort+to+increase+English+language+proficiency+among+young+people&rft.date=2017-10-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.malaymail.com%2Fs%2F1477147%2Fjohor-permaisuri-urges-more-effort-to-increase-english-language-proficiency&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-302"><a href="#cite_ref-302">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYee_Xiang_Yun2017" class="citation web cs1">Yee Xiang Yun (1 October 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2017/10/01/raja-zarith-stem-decline-in-english-language-proficiency/">"Raja Zarith: Stem decline in English language proficiency"</a>. The Star. Retrieved 28 March 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Star&rft.atitle=Raja+Zarith%3A+Stem+decline+in+English+language+proficiency&rft.date=2017-10-01&rft.au=Yee+Xiang+Yun&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com.my%2Fnews%2Fnation%2F2017%2F10%2F01%2Fraja-zarith-stem-decline-in-english-language-proficiency%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-303"><a href="#cite_ref-303">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gojohor.my/johor-culture/">"Johor Culture"</a>. GoJohor.my. 5 February 2014. Retrieved 22 August 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Johor+Culture&rft.pub=GoJohor.my&rft.date=2014-02-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gojohor.my%2Fjohor-culture%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-304"><a href="#cite_ref-304">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180916043941/http://www.ywj.gov.my/tarian-zapin/">"Tarian zapin"</a> [Zapin dance] (in Malay). Johor Heritage Foundation. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ywj.gov.my/tarian-zapin/">the original</a> on 16 September 2018. Retrieved 16 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tarian+zapin&rft.pub=Johor+Heritage+Foundation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ywj.gov.my%2Ftarian-zapin%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180918080804/https://seamex.co/2017/09/04/hamdolok-malaysia/">"Hamdolok (Malaysia)"</a>. Southeast Asia Music Education Exchange (SEAMEX). 4 September 2017. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://seamex.co/2017/09/04/hamdolok-malaysia/">the original</a> on 18 September 2018. Retrieved 16 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hamdolok+%28Malaysia%29&rft.pub=Southeast+Asia+Music+Education+Exchange+%28SEAMEX%29&rft.date=2017-09-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fseamex.co%2F2017%2F09%2F04%2Fhamdolok-malaysia%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMohd_Nizam_Attan2013" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Mohd Nizam Attan (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180916045544/http://mmj.upsi.edu.my/images/P_2-6-JOUNAL_MUSIC.pdf">"Gambus: Tinjauan awal berasaskan gaya permainan di Johor"</a> [Gambus: Early reviews based on styles of playing in Johor] (PDF). Malaysian Music Journal (in Malay). Sultan Idris Education University. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mmj.upsi.edu.my/images/P_2-6-JOUNAL_MUSIC.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 16 September 2018. Retrieved 16 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Malaysian+Music+Journal&rft.atitle=Gambus%3A+Tinjauan+awal+berasaskan+gaya+permainan+di+Johor&rft.date=2013&rft.au=Mohd+Nizam+Attan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmmj.upsi.edu.my%2Fimages%2FP_2-6-JOUNAL_MUSIC.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-culture_demise-305">^ <a href="#cite_ref-culture_demise_305-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-culture_demise_305-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNabilah_Saleh2008" class="citation web cs1">Nabilah Saleh (28 April 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com.my/news/community/2008/04/28/keeping-alive-a-dying-art/">"Keeping alive a dying art"</a>. The Star. Retrieved 17 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Star&rft.atitle=Keeping+alive+a+dying+art&rft.date=2008-04-28&rft.au=Nabilah+Saleh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com.my%2Fnews%2Fcommunity%2F2008%2F04%2F28%2Fkeeping-alive-a-dying-art%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-zapin-306">^ <a href="#cite_ref-zapin_306-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-zapin_306-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaf732011" class="citation web cs1">Maf73 (24 June 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com.my/travel/malaysia/2011/06/24/zapin/">"Zapin"</a>. The Star. Retrieved 17 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Star&rft.atitle=Zapin&rft.date=2011-06-24&rft.au=Maf73&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com.my%2Ftravel%2Fmalaysia%2F2011%2F06%2F24%2Fzapin%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-307"><a href="#cite_ref-307">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMohd._Sohaimi_Esa1999" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Mohd. Sohaimi Esa (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=r9FRAQAAMAAJ">Ekonomi orang Arab di Johor, 1862–1942</a> [Economy of the Arab people in Johor, 1862–1942] (in Malay). Centre for the Promotion of Knowledge and Language Learning, Universiti Malaysia Sabah. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-983-2188-02-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-983-2188-02-5"><bdi>978-983-2188-02-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ekonomi+orang+Arab+di+Johor%2C+1862%E2%80%931942&rft.pub=Centre+for+the+Promotion+of+Knowledge+and+Language+Learning%2C+Universiti+Malaysia+Sabah&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-983-2188-02-5&rft.au=Mohd.+Sohaimi+Esa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dr9FRAQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-308"><a href="#cite_ref-308">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomas_Koten2017" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Thomas Koten (5 October 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180917091530/http://www.netralnews.com/news/rsn/read/106182/sekilas-perbedaan-suku-bugis-dan-suku-makassar">"Sekilas Perbedaan Suku Bugis dan Suku Makassar"</a> [A Glance at the Difference between the Bugis and Makassar tribes] (in Indonesian). Netral News. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.netralnews.com/news/rsn/read/106182/sekilas-perbedaan-suku-bugis-dan-suku-makassar">the original</a> on 17 September 2018. Retrieved 17 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sekilas+Perbedaan+Suku+Bugis+dan+Suku+Makassar&rft.pub=Netral+News&rft.date=2017-10-05&rft.au=Thomas+Koten&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.netralnews.com%2Fnews%2Frsn%2Fread%2F106182%2Fsekilas-perbedaan-suku-bugis-dan-suku-makassar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-309"><a href="#cite_ref-309">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaf732011" class="citation web cs1">Maf73 (13 April 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com.my/travel/malaysia/2011/04/13/kuda-kepang/">"Kuda Kepang"</a>. The Star. Retrieved 17 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Star&rft.atitle=Kuda+Kepang&rft.date=2011-04-13&rft.au=Maf73&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com.my%2Ftravel%2Fmalaysia%2F2011%2F04%2F13%2Fkuda-kepang%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-310"><a href="#cite_ref-310">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCollins1989" class="citation journal cs1">Collins, James T. (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F22134379-90003253">"Malay Dialect Research in Malaysia: The Issue of Perspective"</a>. Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde. 145 (2/3): 244. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F22134379-90003253">10.1163/22134379-90003253</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/27864031">27864031</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bijdragen+tot+de+Taal-%2C+Land-+en+Volkenkunde&rft.atitle=Malay+Dialect+Research+in+Malaysia%3A+The+Issue+of+Perspective&rft.volume=145&rft.issue=2%2F3&rft.pages=244&rft.date=1989&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F22134379-90003253&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F27864031%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Collins&rft.aufirst=James+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1163%252F22134379-90003253&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-311"><a href="#cite_ref-311">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSiti_Aminah_Mohd_SamSeow_Ta_Wee2013" class="citation web cs1">Siti Aminah Mohd Sam; Seow Ta Wee (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180917101507/http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/5827/1/15._Siti_Aminah.pdf">"Practice Cultural of Orang Asli Jakun at Kampung Peta"</a> (PDF). Faculty of Technology Management and Business. <a href="/wiki/Tun_Hussein_Onn_University_of_Malaysia" title="Tun Hussein Onn University of Malaysia">Tun Hussein Onn University of Malaysia</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/5827/1/15._Siti_Aminah.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 17 September 2018. Retrieved 17 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Faculty+of+Technology+Management+and+Business&rft.atitle=Practice+Cultural+of+Orang+Asli+Jakun+at+Kampung+Peta&rft.date=2013&rft.au=Siti+Aminah+Mohd+Sam&rft.au=Seow+Ta+Wee&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feprints.uthm.edu.my%2F5827%2F1%2F15._Siti_Aminah.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-312"><a href="#cite_ref-312">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKathleen_Ann_Kili2018" class="citation web cs1">Kathleen Ann Kili (24 February 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2018/02/24/jb-gearing-up-in-a-big-way-for-chingay-fest/">"JB gearing up in a big way for Chingay fest"</a>. The Star. Retrieved 17 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Star&rft.atitle=JB+gearing+up+in+a+big+way+for+Chingay+fest&rft.date=2018-02-24&rft.au=Kathleen+Ann+Kili&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com.my%2Fnews%2Fnation%2F2018%2F02%2F24%2Fjb-gearing-up-in-a-big-way-for-chingay-fest%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-313"><a href="#cite_ref-313">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKhun_Eng_Kuah-PearceEvelyn_Du-Dehart2006" class="citation book cs1">Khun Eng Kuah-Pearce; Evelyn Du-Dehart (1 February 2006). Voluntary Organizations in the Chinese Diaspora: Illusions of Open Space in Hong Kong, Tokyo, and Shanghai. Hong Kong University Press. p. 45. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-962-209-776-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-962-209-776-6"><bdi>978-962-209-776-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Voluntary+Organizations+in+the+Chinese+Diaspora%3A+Illusions+of+Open+Space+in+Hong+Kong%2C+Tokyo%2C+and+Shanghai&rft.pages=45&rft.pub=Hong+Kong+University+Press&rft.date=2006-02-01&rft.isbn=978-962-209-776-6&rft.au=Khun+Eng+Kuah-Pearce&rft.au=Evelyn+Du-Dehart&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-314"><a href="#cite_ref-314">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFQinghuang_Yan2002" class="citation book cs1">Qinghuang Yan (2002). The Ethnic Chinese in East and Southeast Asia: Business, Culture, and Politics. Times Academic Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-981-210-187-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-981-210-187-7"><bdi>978-981-210-187-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Ethnic+Chinese+in+East+and+Southeast+Asia%3A+Business%2C+Culture%2C+and+Politics&rft.pub=Times+Academic+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-981-210-187-7&rft.au=Qinghuang+Yan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnthony_Reid2010" class="citation book cs1">Anthony Reid (2010). Imperial Alchemy: Nationalism and Political Identity in Southeast Asia. Cambridge University Press. p. 58. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780521872379" title="Special:BookSources/9780521872379"><bdi>9780521872379</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Imperial+Alchemy%3A+Nationalism+and+Political+Identity+in+Southeast+Asia&rft.pages=58&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9780521872379&rft.au=Anthony+Reid&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeong_Sze_Lee2012" class="citation book cs1">Leong Sze Lee (2012). A Retrospect on the Dust-laden History: The Past and Present of Tekong Island in Singapore. World Scientific. pp. 12–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-981-4365-97-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-981-4365-97-0"><bdi>978-981-4365-97-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Retrospect+on+the+Dust-laden+History%3A+The+Past+and+Present+of+Tekong+Island+in+Singapore&rft.pages=12-&rft.pub=World+Scientific&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-981-4365-97-0&rft.au=Leong+Sze+Lee&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGregor_BentonHong_LiuHuimei_Zhang2018" class="citation book cs1">Gregor Benton; Hong Liu; Huimei Zhang (3 May 2018). The Qiaopi Trade and Transnational Networks in the Chinese Diaspora. Taylor & Francis. p. 25. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781351623841" title="Special:BookSources/9781351623841"><bdi>9781351623841</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Qiaopi+Trade+and+Transnational+Networks+in+the+Chinese+Diaspora&rft.pages=25&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2018-05-03&rft.isbn=9781351623841&rft.au=Gregor+Benton&rft.au=Hong+Liu&rft.au=Huimei+Zhang&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-315"><a href="#cite_ref-315">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRossham_Rusli2011" class="citation web cs1">Rossham Rusli (18 July 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180918160456/https://www.thestar.com.my/opinion/columnists/lifestyle/food/rossham-rusli/2011/07/18/unique-johor--dishes/">"Unique Johor dishes"</a>. The Star. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com.my/opinion/columnists/lifestyle/food/rossham-rusli/2011/07/18/unique-johor--dishes/">the original</a> on 18 September 2018. Retrieved 18 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Star&rft.atitle=Unique+Johor+dishes&rft.date=2011-07-18&rft.au=Rossham+Rusli&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com.my%2Fopinion%2Fcolumnists%2Flifestyle%2Ffood%2Frossham-rusli%2F2011%2F07%2F18%2Funique-johor--dishes%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIvy_Soon2016" class="citation web cs1">Ivy Soon (22 September 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180918073543/https://www.star2.com/food/food-news/2016/09/22/great-malaysian-dishes-johor-laksa/">"Great Malaysian dishes: Johor – Laksa"</a>. Star2. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.star2.com/food/food-news/2016/09/22/great-malaysian-dishes-johor-laksa/">the original</a> on 18 September 2018. Retrieved 18 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Great+Malaysian+dishes%3A+Johor+%E2%80%93+Laksa&rft.pub=Star2&rft.date=2016-09-22&rft.au=Ivy+Soon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.star2.com%2Ffood%2Ffood-news%2F2016%2F09%2F22%2Fgreat-malaysian-dishes-johor-laksa%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJane_F._RagavanAbirami_Durai2018" class="citation web cs1">Jane F. Ragavan; Abirami Durai (16 September 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180918080206/https://www.star2.com/food/2018/09/16/malaysians-start-their-day-with-some-fuyoh-breakfasts/">"Fuyoh! Awesome Malaysian breakfasts from each state"</a>. Star2. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.star2.com/food/2018/09/16/malaysians-start-their-day-with-some-fuyoh-breakfasts/">the original</a> on 18 September 2018. Retrieved 18 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fuyoh%21+Awesome+Malaysian+breakfasts+from+each+state&rft.pub=Star2&rft.date=2018-09-16&rft.au=Jane+F.+Ragavan&rft.au=Abirami+Durai&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.star2.com%2Ffood%2F2018%2F09%2F16%2Fmalaysians-start-their-day-with-some-fuyoh-breakfasts%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Johor_foods-316">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Johor_foods_316-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Johor_foods_316-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSamantha_Khor2016" class="citation web cs1">Samantha Khor (21 April 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180918072632/https://says.com/my/lifestyle/johorean-dishes-you-should-try-before-you-die">"15 Johorean Dishes You Should Try Before You Die"</a>. Says.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://says.com/my/lifestyle/johorean-dishes-you-should-try-before-you-die">the original</a> on 18 September 2018. Retrieved 18 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=15+Johorean+Dishes+You+Should+Try+Before+You+Die&rft.pub=Says.com&rft.date=2016-04-21&rft.au=Samantha+Khor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsays.com%2Fmy%2Flifestyle%2Fjohorean-dishes-you-should-try-before-you-die&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-mixed_culture_food-317">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mixed_culture_food_317-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-mixed_culture_food_317-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbirami_DuraiSam_Tham2018" class="citation web cs1">Abirami Durai; Sam Tham (13 June 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180918074622/https://www.star2.com/food/2018/06/13/malay-recipes-johor-hari-raya/">"Malay recipes from Johor for Hari Raya"</a>. Star2. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.star2.com/food/2018/06/13/malay-recipes-johor-hari-raya/">the original</a> on 18 September 2018. Retrieved 18 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Malay+recipes+from+Johor+for+Hari+Raya&rft.pub=Star2&rft.date=2018-06-13&rft.au=Abirami+Durai&rft.au=Sam+Tham&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.star2.com%2Ffood%2F2018%2F06%2F13%2Fmalay-recipes-johor-hari-raya%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-318"><a href="#cite_ref-318">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJolene2017" class="citation web cs1">Jolene (11 September 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180918075736/https://www.worldofbuzz.com/think-johor-bahru-boring-11-fun-things-can/">"If You Think Johor Bahru is Boring, Here are 11 Fun Things You Can Do"</a>. World of Buzz. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldofbuzz.com/think-johor-bahru-boring-11-fun-things-can/">the original</a> on 18 September 2018. Retrieved 18 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=If+You+Think+Johor+Bahru+is+Boring%2C+Here+are+11+Fun+Things+You+Can+Do&rft.pub=World+of+Buzz&rft.date=2017-09-11&rft.au=Jolene&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldofbuzz.com%2Fthink-johor-bahru-boring-11-fun-things-can%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-319"><a href="#cite_ref-319">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLonely_Planet2019" class="citation book cs1">Lonely Planet (1 August 2019). Lonely Planet Malaysia, Singapore & Brunei. Lonely Planet Global Limited. p. 468. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781788685405" title="Special:BookSources/9781788685405"><bdi>9781788685405</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lonely+Planet+Malaysia%2C+Singapore+%26+Brunei&rft.pages=468&rft.pub=Lonely+Planet+Global+Limited&rft.date=2019-08-01&rft.isbn=9781788685405&rft.au=Lonely+Planet&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-320"><a href="#cite_ref-320">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.johor.gov.my/rakyat/cuti-umum">"Hari Kelepasan Am"</a> [General Public Holidays] (in Malay). State Government of Johor. Retrieved 19 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hari+Kelepasan+Am&rft.pub=State+Government+of+Johor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.johor.gov.my%2Frakyat%2Fcuti-umum&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-321"><a href="#cite_ref-321">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180919051521/http://www.jbsn.gov.my/en/2015-12-09-03-24-43.html">"History of Johor State Youth and Sports Department"</a>. Johor State Youth and Sports Department. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jbsn.gov.my/en/2015-12-09-03-24-43.html">the original</a> on 19 September 2018. Retrieved 19 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+of+Johor+State+Youth+and+Sports+Department&rft.pub=Johor+State+Youth+and+Sports+Department&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jbsn.gov.my%2Fen%2F2015-12-09-03-24-43.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-322"><a href="#cite_ref-322">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.daiman.com.my/daiman-johor-jaya-sports-complex-41.aspx">"Daiman Johor Jaya Sports Complex"</a>. Daiman Group. Retrieved 19 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Daiman+Johor+Jaya+Sports+Complex&rft.pub=Daiman+Group&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.daiman.com.my%2Fdaiman-johor-jaya-sports-complex-41.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://educitysport.com/">"EduCity Sports Complex"</a>. EduCity Sports. Retrieved 19 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=EduCity+Sports+Complex&rft.pub=EduCity+Sports&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feducitysport.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.impiansports.com/about-impian-sports-centre-skudai/">"About"</a>. Impian Sports Complex. Retrieved 19 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About&rft.pub=Impian+Sports+Complex&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.impiansports.com%2Fabout-impian-sports-centre-skudai%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tsgroup.com.my/tssport/">"Home"</a>. TS Sports Complex. Retrieved 19 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Home&rft.pub=TS+Sports+Complex&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tsgroup.com.my%2Ftssport%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-323"><a href="#cite_ref-323">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNelson_BenjaminMohd_Farhaan_ShahKathleen_Ann_Kili2016" class="citation web cs1">Nelson Benjamin; Mohd Farhaan Shah; Kathleen Ann Kili (6 December 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2016/12/06/sports-centre-boost-for-johor-states-new-projects-a-beneficial-investment-says-najib/">"Sports centre boost for Johor"</a>. The Star. Retrieved 18 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Star&rft.atitle=Sports+centre+boost+for+Johor&rft.date=2016-12-06&rft.au=Nelson+Benjamin&rft.au=Mohd+Farhaan+Shah&rft.au=Kathleen+Ann+Kili&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com.my%2Fnews%2Fnation%2F2016%2F12%2F06%2Fsports-centre-boost-for-johor-states-new-projects-a-beneficial-investment-says-najib%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-324"><a href="#cite_ref-324">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180919060019/https://www.malaymail.com/s/1672882/sports-minister-rm15m-allocated-to-build-upgrade-sports-infrastructure-in-m">"Sports minister: RM15m allocated to build, upgrade sports infrastructure in Muar"</a>. Bernama. The Malay Mail. 15 September 2018. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.malaymail.com/s/1672882/sports-minister-rm15m-allocated-to-build-upgrade-sports-infrastructure-in-m">the original</a> on 19 September 2018. Retrieved 18 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bernama&rft.atitle=Sports+minister%3A+RM15m+allocated+to+build%2C+upgrade+sports+infrastructure+in+Muar&rft.date=2018-09-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.malaymail.com%2Fs%2F1672882%2Fsports-minister-rm15m-allocated-to-build-upgrade-sports-infrastructure-in-m&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-325"><a href="#cite_ref-325">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com.my/sport/football/2023/09/27/perfect-10-for-jdt-with-stylish-win-over-police">"Perfect 10 for JDT with stylish win over Police"</a>. The Star. 27 September 2023. Retrieved 28 September 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Star&rft.atitle=Perfect+10+for+JDT+with+stylish+win+over+Police&rft.date=2023-09-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com.my%2Fsport%2Ffootball%2F2023%2F09%2F27%2Fperfect-10-for-jdt-with-stylish-win-over-police&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-326"><a href="#cite_ref-326">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.the-afc.com/news/afcsection/afc-cup-final-flashback-fc-istiklol-v-johor-darul-tazim-2015-39733">"AFC Cup Final Flashback: FC Istiklol v Johor Darul Ta'zim (2015)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Asian_Football_Confederation" title="Asian Football Confederation">Asian Football Confederation</a>. 2 November 2017. Retrieved 18 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=AFC+Cup+Final+Flashback%3A+FC+Istiklol+v+Johor+Darul+Ta%27zim+%282015%29&rft.pub=Asian+Football+Confederation&rft.date=2017-11-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.the-afc.com%2Fnews%2Fafcsection%2Fafc-cup-final-flashback-fc-istiklol-v-johor-darul-tazim-2015-39733&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-327"><a href="#cite_ref-327">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180919055248/https://www.straitstimes.com/sport/football/football-malaysias-jdt-beat-istiklol-to-land-breakthrough-afc-cup">"Football: Malaysia's JDT beat Istiklol to land breakthrough AFC Cup"</a>. The Straits Times. 31 October 2015. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.straitstimes.com/sport/football/football-malaysias-jdt-beat-istiklol-to-land-breakthrough-afc-cup">the original</a> on 19 September 2018. Retrieved 18 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Straits+Times&rft.atitle=Football%3A+Malaysia%27s+JDT+beat+Istiklol+to+land+breakthrough+AFC+Cup&rft.date=2015-10-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.straitstimes.com%2Fsport%2Ffootball%2Ffootball-malaysias-jdt-beat-istiklol-to-land-breakthrough-afc-cup&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-328"><a href="#cite_ref-328">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMohd_Farhaan_ShahNorbaiti_Phaharoradzi2015" class="citation web cs1">Mohd Farhaan Shah; Norbaiti Phaharoradzi (3 November 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com.my/metro/scoreboard/2015/11/03/holiday-declared-following-teams-success-in-tajikistan/">"Holiday declared following JDT's success in Tajikistan"</a>. The Star. Retrieved 18 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Star&rft.atitle=Holiday+declared+following+JDT%27s+success+in+Tajikistan&rft.date=2015-11-03&rft.au=Mohd+Farhaan+Shah&rft.au=Norbaiti+Phaharoradzi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com.my%2Fmetro%2Fscoreboard%2F2015%2F11%2F03%2Fholiday-declared-following-teams-success-in-tajikistan%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-329"><a href="#cite_ref-329">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://int.soccerway.com/venues/malaysia/pasir-gudang-corporation-stadium/v3157/">"Pasir Gudang Corporation Stadium"</a>. Soccerway. Retrieved 22 August 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pasir+Gudang+Corporation+Stadium&rft.pub=Soccerway&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fint.soccerway.com%2Fvenues%2Fmalaysia%2Fpasir-gudang-corporation-stadium%2Fv3157%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-330"><a href="#cite_ref-330">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoazan_Emran2019" class="citation web cs1">Moazan Emran (2 April 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191030064413/https://www.theiskandarian.com/live-play/esports-johor-debut-its-first-ever-e-sports-league-in-johor/">"Esports Johor Debut its First Ever E-sports League in Johor"</a>. The Iskandarian. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theiskandarian.com/live-play/esports-johor-debut-its-first-ever-e-sports-league-in-johor/">the original</a> on 30 October 2019. Retrieved 30 October 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Esports+Johor+Debut+its+First+Ever+E-sports+League+in+Johor&rft.pub=The+Iskandarian&rft.date=2019-04-02&rft.au=Moazan+Emran&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theiskandarian.com%2Flive-play%2Fesports-johor-debut-its-first-ever-e-sports-league-in-johor%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-331"><a href="#cite_ref-331">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBryan_Lim2019" class="citation web cs1">Bryan Lim (11 October 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191011183305/https://www.lowyat.net/2019/196146/youth-and-sports-minister-announces-national-esports-league-will-kick-off-in-2020/">"Youth And Sports Minister Announces National eSports League Will Kick Off In 2020"</a>. Lowyat.net. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lowyat.net/2019/196146/youth-and-sports-minister-announces-national-esports-league-will-kick-off-in-2020/">the original</a> on 11 October 2019. Retrieved 30 October 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Youth+And+Sports+Minister+Announces+National+eSports+League+Will+Kick+Off+In+2020&rft.pub=Lowyat.net&rft.date=2019-10-11&rft.au=Bryan+Lim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lowyat.net%2F2019%2F196146%2Fyouth-and-sports-minister-announces-national-esports-league-will-kick-off-in-2020%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Johor&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRichard_Olof_Winstedt1932" class="citation journal cs1">Richard Olof Winstedt (1932). "A History of Johore (1673—ca. 1800 A.D.) / حكايت نكري جوهر". Journal of the Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society. 10 (1): 164–170. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/41587442">41587442</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Malayan+Branch+of+the+Royal+Asiatic+Society&rft.atitle=A+History+of+Johore+%281673%E2%80%94ca.+1800+A.D.%29+%2F+%D8%AD%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%AA+%D9%86%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%8A+%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%87%D8%B1&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=164-170&rft.date=1932&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F41587442%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.au=Richard+Olof+Winstedt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKeith_Sinclair1967" class="citation journal cs1">Keith Sinclair (1967). "The British Advance in Johore, 1885–1914". Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society. 40 (1): 93–110. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/41491908">41491908</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Malaysian+Branch+of+the+Royal+Asiatic+Society&rft.atitle=The+British+Advance+in+Johore%2C+1885%E2%80%931914&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=93-110&rft.date=1967&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F41491908%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.au=Keith+Sinclair&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeonard_Y._Andaya1975" class="citation book cs1">Leonard Y. Andaya (1975). The Kingdom of Johor 1641–1728. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-580322-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-580322-8"><bdi>978-0-19-580322-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Kingdom+of+Johor+1641%E2%80%931728&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1975&rft.isbn=978-0-19-580322-8&rft.au=Leonard+Y.+Andaya&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRichard_Olof_WinstedtKhoo_Kay_KimIsmail_Hussein1993" class="citation journal cs1">Richard Olof Winstedt; Khoo Kay Kim; Ismail Hussein (1993). "A history of Johore, 1365-1941". Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society. 66 (1): 87–89. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/41486192">41486192</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Malaysian+Branch+of+the+Royal+Asiatic+Society&rft.atitle=A+history+of+Johore%2C+1365-1941&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=87-89&rft.date=1993&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F41486192%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.au=Richard+Olof+Winstedt&rft.au=Khoo+Kay+Kim&rft.au=Ismail+Hussein&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPatricia_Lim_Pui_Huen1998" class="citation journal cs1">Patricia Lim Pui Huen (1998). "Past and Present Juxtaposed: The Chinese of Nineteenth Century Johor". Journal of Social Issues in Southeast Asia. 13 (1): 114–138. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1355%2FSJ13-1E">10.1355/SJ13-1E</a> (inactive 18 November 2024). <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/41056979">41056979</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Social+Issues+in+Southeast+Asia&rft.atitle=Past+and+Present+Juxtaposed%3A+The+Chinese+of+Nineteenth+Century+Johor&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=114-138&rft.date=1998&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1355%2FSJ13-1E&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F41056979%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.au=Patricia+Lim+Pui+Huen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024 (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_DOI_inactive_as_of_November_2024" title="Category:CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeter_Borschberg2002" class="citation journal cs1">Peter Borschberg (2002). "The Seizure of the Sta. Catarina Revisited: The Portuguese Empire in Asia, VOC Politics and the Origins of the Dutch-Johor Alliance (1602 – <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1616)". Journal of Southeast Asian Studies. 33 (1). Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, Cambridge University Press: 31–62. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0022463402000024">10.1017/S0022463402000024</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:154935503">154935503</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Southeast+Asian+Studies&rft.atitle=The+Seizure+of+the+Sta.+Catarina+Revisited%3A+The+Portuguese+Empire+in+Asia%2C+VOC+Politics+and+the+Origins+of+the+Dutch-Johor+Alliance+%281602+%E2%80%93+%3Cabbr+title%3D%22circa%22%3Ec.%3C%2Fabbr%3E%3Cspan+style%3D%22white-space%3Anowrap%3B%22%3E%26thinsp%3B1616%3C%2Fspan%3E%29&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=31-62&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0022463402000024&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A154935503%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.au=Peter+Borschberg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRaimy_Ché-Ross2004" class="citation journal cs1">Raimy Ché-Ross (2004). "The 'Lost City' of Kota Gelanggi: An Exploratory Essay Based on Textual Evidence and An Excursion into 'Aerial Archaeology'". Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society. 77 (2): 27–58. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/41493524">41493524</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Malaysian+Branch+of+the+Royal+Asiatic+Society&rft.atitle=The+%27Lost+City%27+of+Kota+Gelanggi%3A+An+Exploratory+Essay+Based+on+Textual+Evidence+and+An+Excursion+into+%27Aerial+Archaeology%27&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=27-58&rft.date=2004&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F41493524%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.au=Raimy+Ch%C3%A9-Ross&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarl_A._Trocki2007" class="citation book cs1">Carl A. Trocki (2007). Prince of Pirates: The Temenggongs and the Development of Johor and Singapore, 1784–1885. NUS Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9971-69-376-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-9971-69-376-3"><bdi>978-9971-69-376-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Prince+of+Pirates%3A+The+Temenggongs+and+the+Development+of+Johor+and+Singapore%2C+1784%E2%80%931885&rft.pub=NUS+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-9971-69-376-3&rft.au=Carl+A.+Trocki&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeter_Borschberg2010" class="citation book cs1">Peter Borschberg (2010). The Singapore and Melaka Straits: Violence, Security and Diplomacy in the 17th Century. National University of Singapore, Royal Netherlands Institute of Southeast Asian and Caribbean Studies. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9-06-718364-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-9-06-718364-2"><bdi>978-9-06-718364-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Singapore+and+Melaka+Straits%3A+Violence%2C+Security+and+Diplomacy+in+the+17th+Century&rft.pub=National+University+of+Singapore%2C+Royal+Netherlands+Institute+of+Southeast+Asian+and+Caribbean+Studies&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-9-06-718364-2&rft.au=Peter+Borschberg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeter_Borschberg2011" class="citation book cs1">Peter Borschberg (2011). Hugo Grotius, the Portuguese and Free Trade in the East Indies. National University of Singapore. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9-97-169467-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-9-97-169467-8"><bdi>978-9-97-169467-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hugo+Grotius%2C+the+Portuguese+and+Free+Trade+in+the+East+Indies&rft.pub=National+University+of+Singapore&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-9-97-169467-8&rft.au=Peter+Borschberg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeter_Borschberg2015" class="citation book cs1">Peter Borschberg (2015). Journal, Memorial and Letters of Cornelis Matelieff de Jonge. Security, Diplomacy and Commerce in 17th-Century Southeast Asia. National University of Singapore. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9-97-169798-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-9-97-169798-3"><bdi>978-9-97-169798-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Journal%2C+Memorial+and+Letters+of+Cornelis+Matelieff+de+Jonge.+Security%2C+Diplomacy+and+Commerce+in+17th-Century+Southeast+Asia.&rft.pub=National+University+of+Singapore&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-9-97-169798-3&rft.au=Peter+Borschberg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeter_Borschberg2015" class="citation book cs1">Peter Borschberg (2015). Jacques de Coutre's Singapore and Johor, 1594-<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1625. National University of Singapore. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9-97-169852-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-9-97-169852-2"><bdi>978-9-97-169852-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jacques+de+Coutre%27s+Singapore+and+Johor%2C+1594-%3Cabbr+title%3D%22circa%22%3Ec.%3C%2Fabbr%3E%3Cspan+style%3D%22white-space%3Anowrap%3B%22%3E%26thinsp%3B1625%3C%2Fspan%3E&rft.pub=National+University+of+Singapore&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-9-97-169852-2&rft.au=Peter+Borschberg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeter_Borschberg2017" class="citation journal cs1">Peter Borschberg (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS002246341700056X">"The value of Admiral Matelieff's writings for studying the history of Southeast Asia, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1600–1620"</a>. Journal of Southeast Asian Studies. 48 (3). National University of Singapore, Cambridge University Press: 414–435. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS002246341700056X">10.1017/S002246341700056X</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Southeast+Asian+Studies&rft.atitle=The+value+of+Admiral+Matelieff%27s+writings+for+studying+the+history+of+Southeast+Asia%2C+%3Cabbr+title%3D%22circa%22%3Ec.%3C%2Fabbr%3E%3Cspan+style%3D%22white-space%3Anowrap%3B%22%3E%26thinsp%3B1600%3C%2Fspan%3E%E2%80%931620&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=414-435&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS002246341700056X&rft.au=Peter+Borschberg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1017%252FS002246341700056X&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKwa_Chong_GuanPeter_Borschberg2018" class="citation book cs1">Kwa Chong Guan; Peter Borschberg (2018). Studying Singapore before 1800. National University of Singapore. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-981-4722-74-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-981-4722-74-2"><bdi>978-981-4722-74-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Studying+Singapore+before+1800&rft.pub=National+University+of+Singapore&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-981-4722-74-2&rft.au=Kwa+Chong+Guan&rft.au=Peter+Borschberg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohor" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Johor&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right mw-collapsible sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow" style="clear: both"> Johor at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">sister projects</a></div> <div class="side-box-flex mw-collapsible-content"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Johor" class="extiw" title="c:Johor">Media</a> from Commons</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/39px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/51px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Johor" class="extiw" title="s:Special:Search/Johor">Texts</a> from Wikisource</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/27px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/41px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/54px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Johor" class="extiw" title="b:Special:Search/Johor">Textbooks</a> from Wikibooks</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/27px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/41px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/54px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Johor" class="extiw" title="voy:Johor">Travel information</a> from Wikivoyage</li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.johor.gov.my">Official website</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183032#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tourism.johor.my/">Johor</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200925072423/http://tourism.johor.my/">Archived</a> 25 September 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> at Johor Tourism</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lonelyplanet.com/malaysia/johor">Johor</a> at <a href="/wiki/Lonely_Planet" title="Lonely Planet">Lonely Planet</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Places_adjacent_to_Johor" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Adjacent_communities" title="Template:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Adjacent_communities" title="Template talk:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Adjacent_communities" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Places_adjacent_to_Johor" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Places adjacent to Johor</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><table role="presentation" style="width:100%; margin:0; text-align:center;"><tbody><tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jasin,_Malacca" class="mw-redirect" title="Jasin, Malacca">Jasin</a>, <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_Malacca.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malacca.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_Malacca.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malacca.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_Malacca.svg/46px-Flag_of_Malacca.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Malacca" title="Malacca">Malacca</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tampin" class="mw-redirect" title="Tampin">Tampin</a>, <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Flag_of_Negeri_Sembilan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Negeri_Sembilan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Flag_of_Negeri_Sembilan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Negeri_Sembilan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Flag_of_Negeri_Sembilan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Negeri_Sembilan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Negeri_Sembilan" title="Negeri Sembilan">Negeri Sembilan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bera,_Pahang" class="mw-redirect" title="Bera, Pahang">Bera</a> / <a href="/wiki/Rompin" class="mw-redirect" title="Rompin">Rompin</a>, <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Pahang.svg/23px-Flag_of_Pahang.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Pahang.svg/35px-Flag_of_Pahang.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Pahang.svg/46px-Flag_of_Pahang.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /> <a href="/wiki/Pahang" title="Pahang">Pahang</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rompin" class="mw-redirect" title="Rompin">Rompin</a>, <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Pahang.svg/23px-Flag_of_Pahang.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Pahang.svg/35px-Flag_of_Pahang.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Pahang.svg/46px-Flag_of_Pahang.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /> <a href="/wiki/Pahang" title="Pahang">Pahang</a></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/14px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/21px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/28px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td style="width:33%"><a href="/wiki/Straits_of_Malacca" class="mw-redirect" title="Straits of Malacca">Straits of Malacca</a></td> <td style="width:33%;"> <div style="white-space:nowrap;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/17px-Pfeil_links.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/25px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/34px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" />Johor<img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/17px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/25px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/34px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></div> </td> <td style="width:33%"><a href="/wiki/South_China_Sea" title="South China Sea">South China Sea</a></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/14px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/21px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/28px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Straits_of_Malacca" class="mw-redirect" title="Straits of Malacca">Straits of Malacca</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Woodlands,_Singapore" title="Woodlands, Singapore">Woodlands</a>, <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/23px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/35px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/45px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/South_China_Sea" title="South China Sea">South China Sea</a></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="State_of_Johor" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Johor" title="Template:Johor"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Johor" title="Template talk:Johor"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Johor" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Johor"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="State_of_Johor" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/States_and_federal_territories_of_Malaysia" title="States and federal territories of Malaysia">State</a> of <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Johor</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li>Capital city: <a href="/wiki/Johor_Bahru" title="Johor Bahru">Johor Bahru</a></li> <li>Administrative capital: <a href="/wiki/Iskandar_Puteri" title="Iskandar Puteri">Iskandar Puteri</a></li> <li>Royal town: <a href="/wiki/Muar_(town)" title="Muar (town)">Bandar Maharani (Muar)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #ececec; text-align: center;">General topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background: #ececec; text-align: center;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Topics" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #ececec; text-align: center;">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Johor" title="Elections in Johor">Elections</a></li> <li>Government <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Johor_State_Executive_Council" title="Johor State Executive Council">Executive</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sultan_of_Johor" title="Sultan of Johor">Sultan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menteri_Besar_of_Johor" title="Menteri Besar of Johor">Menteri Besar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johor_State_Legislative_Assembly" title="Johor State Legislative Assembly">Legislative</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Demography">Johoreans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johor_Sultanate" title="Johor Sultanate">Monarchy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sultan_of_Johor" title="Sultan of Johor">Monarchs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Geography_of_Johor" title="Template:Geography of Johor">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Johor" title="Economy of Johor">Economy</a></li> <li>Symbols <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Johor_State_Anthem" title="Johor State Anthem">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_and_coat_of_arms_of_Johor" title="Flag and coat of arms of Johor">Flag and coat of arms</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Johor.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Flag_of_Johor.svg/90px-Flag_of_Johor.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Flag_of_Johor.svg/135px-Flag_of_Johor.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Flag_of_Johor.svg/180px-Flag_of_Johor.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/File:Mukims_of_Johor_labelled.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Mukims_of_Johor_labelled.svg/90px-Mukims_of_Johor_labelled.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Mukims_of_Johor_labelled.svg/135px-Mukims_of_Johor_labelled.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Mukims_of_Johor_labelled.svg/180px-Mukims_of_Johor_labelled.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1129" data-file-height="1010" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #ececec; text-align: center;">Administrative divisions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background: #ececec; text-align: center;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>10 <a href="/wiki/Districts_in_Malaysia" class="mw-redirect" title="Districts in Malaysia">Districts</a> and 16 <a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_Malaysia" title="Local government in Malaysia">Local governments</a> (3 Cites, 7 Municipals, 6 Districts)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_economic_zone" title="Special economic zone">Special zone</a>: (<a href="/wiki/Iskandar_Malaysia" title="Iskandar Malaysia">Iskandar Malaysia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pengerang_Integrated_Petroleum_Complex" title="Pengerang Integrated Petroleum Complex">RAPID Pengerang</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_Malaysia" title="Local government in Malaysia">City councils (Majlis Bandaraya)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: right;"><a href="/wiki/Johor_Bahru" title="Johor Bahru">Johor Bahru</a> (part of <a href="/wiki/Johor_Bahru_District" title="Johor Bahru District">Johor Bahru district</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>City Centre <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kampung_Bakar_Batu" title="Kampung Bakar Batu">Bakar Batu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Century_Garden" title="Century Garden">Century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danga_Bay" title="Danga Bay">Danga Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larkin,_Johor" title="Larkin, Johor">Larkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Majidee_Malay_Village" title="Majidee Malay Village">Majidee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taman_Melodies" title="Taman Melodies">Melodies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kampung_Nong_Chik" title="Kampung Nong Chik">Nong Chik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasir_Pelangi" title="Pasir Pelangi">Pasir Pelangi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stulang" title="Stulang">Stulang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taman_Suria" title="Taman Suria">Suria</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tebrau" title="Tebrau">Tebrau</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bandar_Dato%27_Onn" title="Bandar Dato' Onn">Dato' Onn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taman_Daya" title="Taman Daya">Daya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taman_Johor_Jaya" title="Taman Johor Jaya">Johor Jaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kangkar_Tebrau" title="Kangkar Tebrau">Kangkar Tebrau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taman_Molek" title="Taman Molek">Molek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Austin,_Johor_Bahru" title="Mount Austin, Johor Bahru">Mount Austin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandan,_Johor" title="Pandan, Johor">Pandan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Setia_Indah" title="Setia Indah">Setia Indah</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tampoi,_Johor" title="Tampoi, Johor">Tampoi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bandar_Baru_UDA" title="Bandar Baru UDA">Bandar Baru UDA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taman_Damansara_Aliff" title="Taman Damansara Aliff">Damansara Aliff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kempas" title="Kempas">Kempas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Setia_Tropika" title="Setia Tropika">Setia Tropika</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plentong" title="Plentong">Plentong</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Permas_Jaya" title="Permas Jaya">Permas Jaya</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulu_Tiram" title="Ulu Tiram">Ulu Tiram</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: right;"><a href="/wiki/Iskandar_Puteri" title="Iskandar Puteri">Iskandar Puteri</a> (part of <a href="/wiki/Johor_Bahru_District" title="Johor Bahru District">Johor Bahru district</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>City Centre <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kota_Iskandar" title="Kota Iskandar">Kota Iskandar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Ledang" title="East Ledang">Ledang Heights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nusa_Bayu" title="Nusa Bayu">Nusa Bayu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medini_Iskandar_Malaysia" title="Medini Iskandar Malaysia">Medini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bukit_Indah" title="Bukit Indah">Bukit Indah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perling" title="Perling">Perling</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skudai" title="Skudai">Skudai</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lima_Kedai" title="Lima Kedai">Lima Kedai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutiara_Rini" title="Mutiara Rini">Mutiara Rini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taman_Ungku_Tun_Aminah" title="Taman Ungku Tun Aminah">TUTA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taman_Universiti" title="Taman Universiti">Universiti</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulai" title="Pulai">Pulai</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kangkar_Pulai" title="Kangkar Pulai">Kangkar Pulai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandar_Baru_Kangkar_Pulai" title="Bandar Baru Kangkar Pulai">Bandar Baru Kangkar Pulai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulai_Hijauan,_Johor" title="Pulai Hijauan, Johor">Pulai Hijauan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulai_Indah,_Johor" title="Pulai Indah, Johor">Pulai Indah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulai_Mutiara,_Johor" class="mw-redirect" title="Pulai Mutiara, Johor">Pulai Mutiara</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gelang_Patah" title="Gelang Patah">Gelang Patah</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Forest_City_(Johor)" class="mw-redirect" title="Forest City (Johor)">Forest City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pendas,_Malaysia" title="Pendas, Malaysia">Pendas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanjung_Kupang" title="Tanjung Kupang">Tanjung Kupang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanjung_Pelepas" class="mw-redirect" title="Tanjung Pelepas">Tanjung Pelepas</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: right;"><a href="/wiki/Pasir_Gudang" title="Pasir Gudang">Pasir Gudang</a> (part of <a href="/wiki/Johor_Bahru_District" title="Johor Bahru District">Johor Bahru district</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pasir_Gudang" title="Pasir Gudang">Pasir Gudang</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tanjung_Langsat" title="Tanjung Langsat">Tanjung Langsat</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masai,_Johor" title="Masai, Johor">Masai</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kong_Kong" title="Kong Kong">Kong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kota_Masai" title="Kota Masai">Kota Masai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandar_Seri_Alam" title="Bandar Seri Alam">Seri Alam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taman_Scientex" title="Taman Scientex">Taman Scientex</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_Malaysia" title="Local government in Malaysia">Municipal councils (Majlis Perbandaran)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: right;"><a href="/wiki/Muar_(town)" title="Muar (town)">Muar</a> (<a href="/wiki/Muar_District" title="Muar District">Muar district</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bandar_Maharani" class="mw-redirect" title="Bandar Maharani">Bandar Maharani</a> (City centre) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kampung_Bukit_Treh" title="Kampung Bukit Treh">Bukit Treh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parit_Bakar" title="Parit Bakar">Parit Bakar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parit_Sakai" title="Parit Sakai">Parit Sakai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sungai_Abong" title="Sungai Abong">Sungai Abong</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bukit_Bakri" title="Bukit Bakri">Bakri</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bukit_Bakri" title="Bukit Bakri">Bukit Bakri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bukit_Naning" title="Bukit Naning">Bukit Naning</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parit_Jawa" title="Parit Jawa">Parit Jawa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parit_Unas" title="Parit Unas">Parit Unas</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bukit_Pasir" title="Bukit Pasir">Bukit Pasir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pagoh" title="Pagoh">Pagoh</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bandar_Universiti_Pagoh" title="Bandar Universiti Pagoh">Bandar Universiti Pagoh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bukit_Kepong" title="Bukit Kepong">Bukit Kepong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lenga,_Johor" title="Lenga, Johor">Lenga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panchor" title="Panchor">Panchor</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sungai_Balang" title="Sungai Balang">Sungai Balang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: right;"><a href="/wiki/Batu_Pahat_(town)" title="Batu Pahat (town)">Batu Pahat</a> (<a href="/wiki/Batu_Pahat_District" title="Batu Pahat District">Batu Pahat district</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bandar_Penggaram" class="mw-redirect" title="Bandar Penggaram">Bandar Penggaram</a> (City centre) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Minyak_Beku" title="Minyak Beku">Minyak Beku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Segenting" title="Segenting">Segenting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taman_Bukit_Pasir" title="Taman Bukit Pasir">Taman Bukit Pasir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taman_Flora_Utama" title="Taman Flora Utama">Taman Flora Utama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taman_Setia_Jaya_2" title="Taman Setia Jaya 2">Taman Setia Jaya 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongkang_Pechah" title="Tongkang Pechah">Tongkang Pechah</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rengit" title="Rengit">Rengit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parit_Raja" title="Parit Raja">Parit Raja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semerah" title="Semerah">Semerah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senggarang,_Johor" title="Senggarang, Johor">Senggarang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Gading" title="Sri Gading">Sri Gading</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pura_Kencana" title="Pura Kencana">Pura Kencana</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: right;"><a href="/wiki/Kluang_(town)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kluang (town)">Kluang</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kluang_District" title="Kluang District">Kluang district</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Kluang <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taman_Sri_Lambak" title="Taman Sri Lambak">Taman Sri Lambak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mengkibol" title="Mengkibol">Mengkibol</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paloh" title="Paloh">Paloh</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chamek" title="Chamek">Chamek</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kahang" title="Kahang">Kahang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: right;"><a href="/wiki/Kulai" title="Kulai">Kulai</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kulai_District" title="Kulai District">Kulai district</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Kulai <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indahpura" title="Indahpura">Bandar Indahpura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandar_Putra_Kulai" title="Bandar Putra Kulai">Bandar Putra Kulai</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senai" title="Senai">Senai</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/FELDA_Taib_Andak" title="FELDA Taib Andak">FELDA Taib Andak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saleng" title="Saleng">Saleng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seelong" title="Seelong">Seelong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senai_International_Airport" title="Senai International Airport">Senai International Airport</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelapa_Sawit" title="Kelapa Sawit">Kelapa Sawit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bukit_Batu" title="Bukit Batu">Bukit Batu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sedenak" title="Sedenak">Sedenak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulu_Choh" title="Ulu Choh">Ulu Choh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: right;"><a href="/wiki/Segamat_(town)" title="Segamat (town)">Segamat</a> (<a href="/wiki/Segamat_District" title="Segamat District">Segamat district</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Segamat <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Genuang" title="Genuang">Genuang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kampung_Tengah" title="Kampung Tengah">Kampung Tengah</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batu_Anam" title="Batu Anam">Batu Anam</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buloh_Kasap" title="Buloh Kasap">Buloh Kasap</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gemas_Baru" title="Gemas Baru">Gemas Baru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jementah" title="Jementah">Jementah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: right;"><a href="/wiki/Pengerang" title="Pengerang">Pengerang</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kota_Tinggi_District" title="Kota Tinggi District">Kota Tinggi district</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Pengerang <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tanjung_Pengelih" title="Tanjung Pengelih">Tanjung Pengelih</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sungai_Rengit" title="Sungai Rengit">Sungai Rengit</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Teluk_Ramunia" title="Teluk Ramunia">Teluk Ramunia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasir_Gogok" title="Pasir Gogok">Pasir Gogok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandar_Penawar" title="Bandar Penawar">Bandar Penawar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bandar_Mas" title="Bandar Mas">Bandar Mas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desaru" title="Desaru">Desaru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanjung_Balau" title="Tanjung Balau">Tanjung Balau</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johor_Lama" title="Johor Lama">Johor Lama</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Teluk_Sengat" title="Teluk Sengat">Teluk Sengat</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: right;"><a href="/wiki/Pontian_District" title="Pontian District">Pontian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pontian_Kechil" title="Pontian Kechil">Pontian Kechil</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kampung_Kayu_Ara_Pasong" title="Kampung Kayu Ara Pasong">Kampung Kayu Ara Pasong</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pekan_Nanas" title="Pekan Nanas">Pekan Nanas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayer_Baloi" title="Ayer Baloi">Ayer Baloi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benut" title="Benut">Benut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kukup" title="Kukup">Kukup</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_Malaysia" title="Local government in Malaysia">District councils (Majlis Daerah)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: right;"><a href="/wiki/Kota_Tinggi_District" title="Kota Tinggi District">Kota Tinggi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kota_Tinggi" title="Kota Tinggi">Kota Tinggi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lombong" title="Lombong">Lombong</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandar_Tenggara" title="Bandar Tenggara">Bandar Tenggara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sedili" title="Sedili">Sedili</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/FELDA_Lok_Heng" title="FELDA Lok Heng">FELDA Lok Heng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FELDA_Waha" title="FELDA Waha">FELDA Waha</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: right;"><a href="/wiki/Mersing_District" title="Mersing District">Mersing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mersing" title="Mersing">Mersing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_Papan" title="Air Papan">Air Papan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenggaroh" title="Tenggaroh">Tenggaroh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jemaluang" title="Jemaluang">Jemaluang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endau" title="Endau">Endau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: right;"><a href="/wiki/Tangkak_District" title="Tangkak District">Tangkak</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tangkak" title="Tangkak">Tangkak</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sagil" title="Sagil">Sagil</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sungai_Mati" title="Sungai Mati">Sungai Mati</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bukit_Kangkar" title="Bukit Kangkar">Bukit Kangkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sengkang,_Johor" title="Sengkang, Johor">Sengkang</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bukit_Gambir" title="Bukit Gambir">Bukit Gambir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kesang,_Malaysia" title="Kesang, Malaysia">Kesang</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parit_Bunga" title="Parit Bunga">Parit Bunga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanjung_Agas" title="Tanjung Agas">Tanjung Agas</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: right;"><a href="/wiki/Labis" title="Labis">Labis</a> (<a href="/wiki/Segamat_District" title="Segamat District">Segamat district</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Labis" title="Labis">Labis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pekan_Air_Panas" class="mw-redirect" title="Pekan Air Panas">Air Panas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sungai_Karas" title="Sungai Karas">Sungai Karas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenang_Stesen" title="Tenang Stesen">Tenang</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bekok" title="Bekok">Bekok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaah" title="Chaah">Chaah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: right;"><a href="/wiki/Yong_Peng" title="Yong Peng">Yong Peng</a> (<a href="/wiki/Batu_Pahat_District" title="Batu Pahat District">Batu Pahat district</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yong_Peng" title="Yong Peng">Yong Peng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayer_Hitam" title="Ayer Hitam">Ayer Hitam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parit_Sulong" title="Parit Sulong">Parit Sulong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Medan" title="Sri Medan">Sri Medan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parit_Yaani" title="Parit Yaani">Parit Yaani</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: right;"><a href="/wiki/Simpang_Renggam" title="Simpang Renggam">Simpang Renggam</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kluang_District" title="Kluang District">Kluang district</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Simpang_Renggam" title="Simpang Renggam">Simpang Renggam</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Machap" title="Machap">Machap</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Layang-Layang,_Johor" title="Layang-Layang, Johor">Layang-Layang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renggam" title="Renggam">Renggam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Johor" class="extiw" title="commons:Johor">Commons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Wikisource-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wikisource page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/15px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/23px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/30px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Portal:Johor" class="extiw" title="s:Portal:Johor">Wikisource</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Johor" title="Category:Johor">Category</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="States_and_federal_territories_of_Malaysia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:States_and_Federal_Territories_of_Malaysia" title="Template:States and Federal Territories of Malaysia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:States_and_Federal_Territories_of_Malaysia" title="Template talk:States and Federal Territories of Malaysia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:States_and_Federal_Territories_of_Malaysia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:States and Federal Territories of Malaysia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="States_and_federal_territories_of_Malaysia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/States_and_federal_territories_of_Malaysia" title="States and federal territories of Malaysia">States and federal territories of Malaysia</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Capital: <a href="/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur" title="Kuala Lumpur">Kuala Lumpur</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">States</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Johor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kedah" title="Kedah">Kedah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelantan" title="Kelantan">Kelantan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malacca" title="Malacca">Malacca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negeri_Sembilan" title="Negeri Sembilan">Negeri Sembilan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahang" title="Pahang">Pahang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penang" title="Penang">Penang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perak" title="Perak">Perak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perlis" title="Perlis">Perlis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabah" title="Sabah">Sabah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarawak" title="Sarawak">Sarawak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selangor" title="Selangor">Selangor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terengganu" title="Terengganu">Terengganu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Federal_Territories_of_Malaysia" title="Federal Territories of Malaysia">Federal Territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur" title="Kuala Lumpur">Kuala Lumpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labuan" title="Labuan">Labuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Putrajaya" title="Putrajaya">Putrajaya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Singapore_in_Malaysia" title="Singapore in Malaysia">Singapore</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:<ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><a href="/wiki/File:Asia_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/19px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/29px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/38px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="541" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Asia" title="Portal:Asia">Asia</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/19px-Terra.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/29px-Terra.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/38px-Terra.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Geography" title="Portal:Geography">Geography</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/21px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/32px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/42px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Malaysia" title="Portal:Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183032#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183032#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183032#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/267156929">VIAF</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1211673/">FAST</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJjXgjYhFhrkT78RPXYgKd">WorldCat</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4096604-5">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n81012417">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an36589630">Australia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge1078607&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007548171605171">Israel</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/7074ad56-379d-4298-bb88-80fdf249cf86">MusicBrainz area</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Johor&oldid=1258093944">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Johor&oldid=1258093944</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:English-speaking_countries_and_territories" title="Category:English-speaking countries and territories">English-speaking countries and territories</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Feudalism_in_Malaysia" title="Category:Feudalism in Malaysia">Feudalism in Malaysia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Former_British_colonies_and_protectorates_in_Asia" title="Category:Former British colonies and protectorates in Asia">Former British colonies and protectorates in Asia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Johor" title="Category:Johor">Johor</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Peninsular_Malaysia" title="Category:Peninsular Malaysia">Peninsular Malaysia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:States_of_Malaysia" title="Category:States of Malaysia">States of Malaysia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Strait_of_Malacca" title="Category:Strait of Malacca">Strait of Malacca</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_gadget_WikiMiniAtlas" title="Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas">Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_non-numeric_formatnum_arguments" title="Category:Pages with non-numeric formatnum arguments">Pages with non-numeric formatnum arguments</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_the_Graph_extension" title="Category:Pages using the Graph extension">Pages using the Graph extension</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_disabled_graphs" title="Category:Pages with disabled graphs">Pages with disabled graphs</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Malay-language_sources_(ms)" title="Category:CS1 Malay-language sources (ms)">CS1 Malay-language sources (ms)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_unfit_URL" title="Category:CS1 maint: unfit URL">CS1 maint: unfit URL</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_containing_links_to_subscription-only_content" title="Category:Pages containing links to subscription-only content">Pages containing links to subscription-only content</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_dead_external_links" title="Category:All articles with dead external links">All articles with dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_July_2020" title="Category:Articles with dead external links from July 2020">Articles with dead external links from July 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Indonesian-language_sources_(id)" title="Category:CS1 Indonesian-language sources (id)">CS1 Indonesian-language sources (id)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Good_articles" title="Category:Good articles">Good articles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:EngvarB_from_September_2019" title="Category:EngvarB from September 2019">EngvarB from September 2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_September_2019" title="Category:Use dmy dates from September 2019">Use dmy dates from September 2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Malay_(macrolanguage)-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Malay (macrolanguage)-language text">Articles containing Malay (macrolanguage)-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Chinese-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Chinese-language text">Articles containing Chinese-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Tamil-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Tamil-language text">Articles containing Tamil-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_infobox_settlement_with_possible_nickname_list" title="Category:Pages using infobox settlement with possible nickname list">Pages using infobox settlement with possible nickname list</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_infobox_settlement_with_possible_motto_list" title="Category:Pages using infobox settlement with possible motto list">Pages using infobox settlement with possible motto list</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Coordinates_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Coordinates on Wikidata">Coordinates on Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_Malay_IPA" title="Category:Pages with Malay IPA">Pages with Malay IPA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Arabic-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Arabic-language text">Articles containing Arabic-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Persian-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Persian-language text">Articles containing Persian-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Kawi-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Kawi-language text">Articles containing Kawi-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Javanese-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Javanese-language text">Articles containing Javanese-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_June_2024" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from June 2024">Articles with unsourced statements from June 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_multiple_image_with_auto_scaled_images" title="Category:Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images">Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_DOI_inactive_as_of_November_2024" title="Category:CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024">CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_Sister_project_links_with_hidden_wikidata" title="Category:Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata">Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_Sister_project_links_with_default_search" title="Category:Pages using Sister project links with default search">Pages using Sister project links with default search</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_the_Kartographer_extension" title="Category:Pages using the Kartographer extension">Pages using the Kartographer extension</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 18 November 2024, at 03:00 (UTC).</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Johor&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-565f7699fc-ts48m","wgBackendResponseTime":190,"wgKartographerLiveData":{"_a84b106080d2b2a1e572e59422f064dd2f2c1380":[{"type":"ExternalData","service":"geoshape","url":"https://maps.wikimedia.org/geoshape?getgeojson=1\u0026ids=Q183032","properties":{"title":"Johor","fill-opacity":0.5,"stroke":"#FF0000","stroke-width":3,"fill":"#606060"}},{"type":"ExternalData","service":"geoline","url":"https://maps.wikimedia.org/geoline?getgeojson=1\u0026ids=Q183032","properties":{"stroke-width":5,"stroke":"#FF0000","title":"Johor"}}]},"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"4.313","walltime":"4.923","ppvisitednodes":{"value":29661,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":913880,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":47389,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":27,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":42,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":1342849,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 4131.681 1 -total"," 49.64% 2051.020 1 Template:Reflist"," 26.93% 1112.670 235 Template:Cite_web"," 17.14% 708.324 1 Template:Infobox_settlement"," 14.39% 594.687 1 Template:Infobox"," 10.88% 449.456 81 Template:Cite_book"," 4.17% 172.382 22 Template:Lang"," 3.75% 154.804 25 Template:Cite_news"," 3.60% 148.546 27 Template:Main_other"," 3.04% 125.667 1 Template:Short_description"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"2.519","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":22650781,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-profile":[["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","440","16.4"],["dataWrapper \u003Cmw.lua:672\u003E","380","14.2"],["?","340","12.7"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getExpandedArgument","220","8.2"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::gsub","180","6.7"],["recursiveClone \u003CmwInit.lua:45\u003E","140","5.2"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::match","100","3.7"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getAllExpandedArguments","80","3.0"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::find","60","2.2"],["\u003CModule:Citation/CS1:813\u003E","60","2.2"],["[others]","680","25.4"]]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-6b7f745dd4-dmk4c","timestamp":"20241125143925","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Johor","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Johor","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q183032","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q183032","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2003-06-02T12:59:17Z","dateModified":"2024-11-18T03:00:48Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/a\/a8\/Johor_in_Malaysia.svg","headline":"Malaysian state"}</script> </body> </html>