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<div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American lawyer</div> <p><b>David John Mays</b> (November 22, 1896 – February 17, 1971) was an American lawyer and writer. He attempted to slow racial desegregation on behalf of <a href="/wiki/Byrd_Organization" class="mw-redirect" title="Byrd Organization">Byrd Organization</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Massive_Resistance" class="mw-redirect" title="Massive Resistance">Massive Resistance</a> era.<sup id="cite_ref-VHS_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VHS-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mays served as counsel to the <a href="/wiki/Gray_Commission" title="Gray Commission">Gray Commission</a> which tried to formulate segregationists' response to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Supreme_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Supreme Court">United States Supreme Court</a> rulings in 1954 and 1955 in consolidated cases known as <a href="/wiki/Brown_v._Board_of_Education" title="Brown v. Board of Education">Brown v. Board of Education</a>. He later unsuccessfully defended actions taken against <a href="/wiki/NAACP" title="NAACP">NAACP</a> attorneys (although he had argued against adoption of those laws and correctly predicted they would be overturned) and significantly unequal legislative reapportionment. In 2008 the University of Georgia Press published an annotated volume of excerpts of his diaries concerning the early years of Massive Resistance (1954-1959).<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1953, Mays won the <a href="/wiki/Pulitzer_Prize_for_Biography_or_Autobiography" class="mw-redirect" title="Pulitzer Prize for Biography or Autobiography">Pulitzer Prize for Biography or Autobiography</a> for <i>Edmund Pendleton 1721-1803</i> (Harvard University Press, 1952), a biography of the late 18th-century Virginia politician and judge <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Pendleton" title="Edmund Pendleton">Edmund Pendleton</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_J._Mays&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mays was born in Richmond to Harvey James Mays, a chemical company foreman, and his wife, the former Helga Nelsen. His Danish immigrant grandfather, Rasmus Nelsen, founded the Nelsen funeral home in Richmond. He eventually had 10 brothers and sisters and attended public schools near his father's employment stations in Alabama and a suburb of <a href="/wiki/Memphis,_Tennessee" title="Memphis, Tennessee">Memphis, Tennessee</a>. While he and his father traveled from <a href="/wiki/Washington_D.C." class="mw-redirect" title="Washington D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>, to visit <a href="/wiki/Vanderbilt_University" title="Vanderbilt University">Vanderbilt University</a>, they stopped in <a href="/wiki/Ashland,_Virginia" title="Ashland, Virginia">Ashland, Virginia</a>, where the elder Mays renewed a friendship and the younger Mays ultimately decided to attend <a href="/wiki/Randolph-Macon_Academy" title="Randolph-Macon Academy">Randolph-Macon Academy</a>. David Mays never received a degree from that institution, although he studied and achieved high grades both from 1914 to 1916 and 1919-1920.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Between these academic terms, he spent a summer selling reference books in southern <a href="/wiki/Delaware" title="Delaware">Delaware</a>, and against his father's wishes enlisted with the First Delaware Infantry for service on the Mexican border against <a href="/wiki/Pancho_Villa" title="Pancho Villa">Pancho Villa</a> in 1916-1917 (although his unit never left <a href="/wiki/Deming,_New_Mexico" title="Deming, New Mexico">Deming, New Mexico</a>). He later served as a First Lieutenant in the U.S. Army Infantry with the <a href="/wiki/American_Expeditionary_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="American Expeditionary Force">American Expeditionary Force</a> in France, although again he never reached the combat front before the war ended.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mays was a lifelong Democrat and nominal member of the Methodist Church, although he stopped supporting the denomination after it became involved in political activities, opposing the presidential candidacy of <a href="/wiki/Al_Smith" title="Al Smith">Al Smith</a> because of his Catholic religion.<sup id="cite_ref-Sweeney_Papers_introduction_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sweeney_Papers_introduction-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mays kept diaries for almost every year between his college schooling and old age. On May 22, 1917, he went with his father to witness the <a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Ell_Persons" title="Lynching of Ell Persons">Lynching of Ell Persons</a>, a 51-year-old black woodcutter whom a 5,000 person mob pulled from a train in <a href="/wiki/Memphis,_Tennessee" title="Memphis, Tennessee">Memphis</a> en route to a court appearance. Persons had been accused of the gruesome rape and decapitation of a 16-year-old white girl, Antoinette Rappel. However, the evidence was flimsy (supposedly images captured by her dying eyes, found after her exhumation, a now-discredited technique), his confession probably under duress, and Persons never received a trial. Mays was fascinated by the scene and mob violence and stood near Persons' head as the black man was chained to the ground, doused with gasoline and burned alive.<sup id="cite_ref-Sweeney_Papers_introduction_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sweeney_Papers_introduction-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> No-one was ever indicted for either murder, and the lynching propelled creation of the Memphis branch of the NAACP.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After his military discharge and graduation from Randolph-Macon Academy, Mays attended the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Richmond" title="University of Richmond">University of Richmond</a> law school, and graduated with a LL.B. in 1924. Beginning in 1926, he held a lecturer position at that law school (until 1942), then served on its Board of Trustees (and ultimately wrote a history of the law school). That financial stability helped him to marry his cousin, Ruth Reams, despite the opposition of both families because of their consanguinity. She eventually would help her husband with his historical research and donated his papers to the Virginia Historical Society; they had no children.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legal_career">Legal career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_J._Mays&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Legal career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Upon being admitted to the Virginia bar in 1923, Mays began working with one of his professors, <a href="/wiki/John_Randolph_Tucker_(professor)" title="John Randolph Tucker (professor)">John Randolph Tucker</a>. Their firm, Tucker, Mays, Cabell and Moore (later, Mays, Valentine, Davenport and Moore) became one of Richmond's leading law and lobbying firms (and long after his death merged into <a href="/wiki/Troutman_Sanders" class="mw-redirect" title="Troutman Sanders">Troutman Sanders</a>. Mays came to specialize in corporate law, and published a textbook on Business Law in 1933. While his partner John Randolph Tucker represented the Virginia Bankers Association from 1933 until his death, Mays's major clients included the state trucking and meatpacking associations. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Virginia_Bar_Association" title="Virginia Bar Association">Virginia Bar Association</a> elected Mays its president for the 1958–1959 term.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also served as President of the Richmond Bar Association and was elected a Fellow of the <a href="/wiki/American_Bar_Foundation" title="American Bar Foundation">American Bar Foundation</a> and of the <a href="/wiki/American_College_of_Trial_Lawyers" title="American College of Trial Lawyers">American College of Trial Lawyers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was also a member of the <a href="/wiki/American_Bar_Association" title="American Bar Association">American Bar Association</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Bar_Association" title="New York City Bar Association">New York City Bar Association</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sigma_Nu_Phi" title="Sigma Nu Phi">Sigma Nu Phi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Phi_Beta_Kappa" title="Phi Beta Kappa">Phi Beta Kappa</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Massive_Resistance">Massive Resistance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_J._Mays&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Massive Resistance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Governor <a href="/wiki/Thomas_B._Stanley" title="Thomas B. Stanley">Thomas B. Stanley</a>, allied with the <a href="/wiki/Byrd_Organization" class="mw-redirect" title="Byrd Organization">Byrd Organization</a>, appointed Mays as counsel to the <a href="/wiki/Gray_Commission" title="Gray Commission">Gray Commission</a> (after its chairman, <a href="/wiki/Garland_Gray" title="Garland Gray">Garland "Peck" Gray</a>), which was to craft Virginia's response to <a href="/wiki/Brown_v._Board_of_Education" title="Brown v. Board of Education">Brown v. Board of Education</a>. Following Mays' advice, the commission created a local-option approach to desegregation. However, segregationists in Virginia became radicalized (in part through the rhetorical efforts of then-newspaperman <a href="/wiki/James_J._Kilpatrick" title="James J. Kilpatrick">James J. Kilpatrick</a> and U.S. Senator <a href="/wiki/Harry_F._Byrd" title="Harry F. Byrd">Harry F. Byrd</a>). By the time Virginia's legislature next met (in a special session) to consider the proposals, even Gray wanted to include what Mays thought were unconstitutional measures which courts would strike down, such as withholding funds from any school that allowed mixing of races.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mays thought the pupil assignment plan based on showings of disturbances of the peace might survive court scrutiny, and North Carolina did have success with that approach. Nonetheless, Mays helped draft parts of what became known as the <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Plan" title="Stanley Plan">Stanley Plan</a>. State Senators <a href="/wiki/Charles_R._Fenwick" title="Charles R. Fenwick">Charles R. Fenwick</a>, <a href="/wiki/C._Harrison_Mann" title="C. Harrison Mann">Hank Mann</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_B._Boatwright" title="John B. Boatwright">John B. Boatwright</a> also included laws to restrict practices of the <a href="/wiki/NAACP" title="NAACP">NAACP</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Virginia legislature passed the amalgam in September 1956 and governor Stanley signed it into law. However, by January 1959, both federal courts and the <a href="/wiki/Virginia_Supreme_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="Virginia Supreme Court">Virginia Supreme Court</a> had begun striking down major elements. </p><p>Mays resigned his position with the Gray Commission after the Stanley Plan appropriated more money to the Attorney General's office to fight desegregation. He and his firm were hired to handle legal challenges to the ethics of civil rights attorneys in what Mays called the "NAACP Cases".<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Those were challenges to the newly expanded state ethics laws brought by the NAACP through its attorneys <a href="/wiki/Thurgood_Marshall" title="Thurgood Marshall">Thurgood Marshall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spottswood_Robinson" class="mw-redirect" title="Spottswood Robinson">Spottswood Robinson</a> and <a href="/wiki/Robert_L._Carter" title="Robert L. Carter">Robert L. Carter</a> (all of whom later became federal judges). Mays thought the <a href="/wiki/Virginia_State_Bar" title="Virginia State Bar">Virginia State Bar</a> would bring charges against <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Hill_(attorney)" title="Oliver Hill (attorney)">Oliver Hill</a>, but only an unsuccessful attempt was made to disbar <a href="/wiki/Samuel_W._Tucker" class="mw-redirect" title="Samuel W. Tucker">Samuel W. Tucker</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While the U.S. Supreme Court agreed with Mays' abstention argument (wait for state court interpretation) in <i><a href="/wiki/Harrison_v._NAACP" title="Harrison v. NAACP">Harrison v. NAACP</a></i> in June 1959, and the Virginia Supreme Court only struck down one of the new laws against the NAACP the following year, the rest of the anti-NAACP laws in the Stanley Plan were ultimately stricken down in <i><a href="/wiki/NAACP_v._Button" title="NAACP v. Button">NAACP v. Button</a></i> in 1963. </p><p>Meanwhile, in 1959 Mays addressed a subcommittee of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">U.S. Senate</a> on <i>A Question of Intent: The States, Their Schools and the 14th Amendment</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Governor Stanley's successor, <a href="/wiki/J._Lindsay_Almond" title="J. Lindsay Almond">J. Lindsay Almond</a> (also a Byrd ally), appointed Mays Chairman of the <a href="/wiki/Virginia_Commission_on_Constitutional_Government" title="Virginia Commission on Constitutional Government">Virginia Commission on Constitutional Government</a> (CCG), which became a major factor in Massive Resistance, although Mays had initially sought assurances it would not merely be another tool in the "school fight". Mays sought to use the CCG to attract Northern support for southern positions on constitutional issues. <a href="/wiki/Eugene_B._Sydnor_Jr." title="Eugene B. Sydnor Jr.">Eugene B. Sydnor Jr.</a> of Richmond had suggested its creation in 1958, to assist in what he called defense of states rights.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Not only did the CCG survive calls for its abolition by Republican gubernatorial candidate <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt_Dalton" title="Theodore Roosevelt Dalton">Ted Dalton</a> in 1961, it lasted for a decade. Only the tuition assistance program to attend private schools (including "segregation academies") survived longer (until 1969). In what may have been the CCG's most influential period, Mays invited Republican Conservatives from Pennsylvania to <a href="/wiki/Williamsburg,_Virginia" title="Williamsburg, Virginia">Williamsburg</a> in 1962 to explore setting up a similar commission in that state (which never occurred, due to the opposition of moderate governor <a href="/wiki/William_Scranton" title="William Scranton">William Scranton</a>). The next year, Mays' fiery segregationist vice-chairman, <a href="/wiki/James_J._Kilpatrick" title="James J. Kilpatrick">James J. Kilpatrick</a> of the Richmond News Leader, published an analysis of the post-Civil War <i><a href="/wiki/Civil_Rights_Cases" title="Civil Rights Cases">Civil Rights Cases</a></i> and two pamphlets: "Civil Rights and Legal Wrongs" attacking the <a href="/wiki/Civil_Rights_Act_of_1964" title="Civil Rights Act of 1964">Civil Rights bill</a> proposed by President Kennedy and "Civil Rights and Federal Wrongs" attacking expansion of the <a href="/wiki/Equal_Employment_Opportunity_Commission" title="Equal Employment Opportunity Commission">Equal Employment Opportunity Commission</a>. </p><p>Mays also handled voting rights litigation on Virginia's behalf through his firm. He argued and lost <i><a href="/wiki/Davis_v._Mann" title="Davis v. Mann">Davis v. Mann</a></i> in 1953 and the following year unsuccessfully defended Virginia's legislative reapportionment before the Virginia Supreme Court in <i>Wilkins v. Davis</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In March 1965, Mays also testified against President Lyndon Johnson's voting rights bill before the U.S. House Judiciary Committee, as requested by U.S. Rep. <a href="/wiki/William_M._Tuck" title="William M. Tuck">William M. Tuck</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <i>Hughes v. WMCA</i> (1965), the Supreme Court issued a per curiam opinion denying Virginia's (and New York's) reapportionment arguments. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historical_research">Historical research</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_J._Mays&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Historical research"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mays also had an avocation for historical research, and after years of lunchtime research at the Library of Virginia and various dusty archives, published his two volume <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Pendleton" title="Edmund Pendleton">Edmund Pendleton</a> biography, which won many accolades, including the <a href="/wiki/Pulitzer_Prize_for_Biography" title="Pulitzer Prize for Biography">Pulitzer Prize for Biography</a> in 1953. He later edited and published a collection of Pendleton's correspondence. Mays managed to find many of Virginia's oldest court records, including some thought destroyed in the Confederate Army's evacuation fire of Richmond in 1864. At the time of his death, Mays was collaborating on editing the letters of <a href="/wiki/John_Taylor_of_Caroline" title="John Taylor of Caroline">John Taylor</a> who like Pendleton lived in <a href="/wiki/Caroline_County,_Virginia" title="Caroline County, Virginia">Caroline County, Virginia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Virginia_Historical_Society" title="Virginia Historical Society">Virginia Historical Society</a> (on whose board Mays served for 28 years) and <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Virginia" title="Library of Virginia">Library of Virginia</a> (on whose board he also served) also honored Mays. He also served on the Board of the McGregor Library of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Virginia" title="University of Virginia">University of Virginia</a>, and on the council of the <a href="/wiki/Omohundro_Institute_of_Early_American_History_and_Culture" title="Omohundro Institute of Early American History and Culture">Institute of Early American History and Culture</a> (affiliated with the <a href="/wiki/College_of_William_and_Mary" class="mw-redirect" title="College of William and Mary">College of William and Mary</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death_and_legacy">Death and legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_J._Mays&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Death and legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mays practiced law in Richmond until his death (after a debilitating illness) in 1971,<sup id="cite_ref-VHS_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VHS-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is buried in <a href="/wiki/Hollywood_Cemetery_(Richmond,_Virginia)" title="Hollywood Cemetery (Richmond, Virginia)">Hollywood Cemetery</a> there. His widow donated his papers to the <a href="/wiki/Virginia_Historical_Society" title="Virginia Historical Society">Virginia Historical Society</a> in 1985, and the 25-year restriction on access has now expired.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_J._Mays&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Sketch of Judge Spencer Roane</i> 1929</li> <li><i>Business Law</i>, Byrd Press, Richmond Virginia, 19 September 1933</li> <li><i>Edmund Pendleton, 1721-1803: A Biography </i>, Harvard University Press, 1952.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Winner of the 1953 <a href="/wiki/Pulitzer_Prize_for_Biography_or_Autobiography" class="mw-redirect" title="Pulitzer Prize for Biography or Autobiography">Pulitzer Prize for Biography or Autobiography</a>.</li> <li><i>Edmund Pendleton, Letters and Papers</i></li> <li><i>In Pursuit of Excellence: History of the University of Richmond Law School</i>, Richmond, 1970</li> <li><i>Report Of The Committee On Federal-State Relationships As Affected By Judicial Decisions</i> Conference Of Chief Justices, foreword by David J. Mays</li> <li><i>Race Reason and Massive Resistance: The Diary of David J. Mays, 1954-1959</i>. Edited by James R. Sweeney</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_J._Mays&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/19px-P_vip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/28px-P_vip.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/37px-P_vip.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="1944" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Biography" title="Portal:Biography">Biography</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Balance,_by_David.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Balance%2C_by_David.svg/21px-Balance%2C_by_David.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Balance%2C_by_David.svg/32px-Balance%2C_by_David.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Balance%2C_by_David.svg/41px-Balance%2C_by_David.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="606" data-file-height="558" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Law" title="Portal:Law">Law</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Virginia.svg/21px-Flag_of_Virginia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Virginia.svg/32px-Flag_of_Virginia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Virginia.svg/42px-Flag_of_Virginia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Virginia" title="Portal:Virginia">Virginia</a></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_J._Mays&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 25em ;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-VHS-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-VHS_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-VHS_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=vhs/vih00006.xml">"A Guide to the David John Mays Papers, 1905–1985"</a>. Virginia Historical Society. 2002. Retrieved 2013-10-26.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Race Reason and Massive Resistance: The Diary of David J. Mays, 1954-1959</i>. Edited by James R. Sweeney (University of Georgia Press 2008)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/books/99/07/04/specials/hemingway-pulitzer.html">"1953 Pulitzer Prizes Won By Hemingway and 'Picnic'"</a>. Milton Bracker. <i>The New York Times</i>. May 5, 1953. Retrieved 2013-10-26.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">James R. Sweeney (ed)., Race, Reason and Massive Resistance: the diary of David J. Mays, 1954-1959 (University of Georgia Press 2008) p. 3</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">John S. Davenport, Obituary for David John Mays, in Virginia Bar Association Journal, Vol. 82 pp. 325-326 (1971)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sweeney_Papers_introduction-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sweeney_Papers_introduction_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sweeney_Papers_introduction_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Sweeney Papers introduction</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sweeney Papers introduction cites another article by Sweeney for details</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">John Bell Williams, Virginia Lives: The Old Dominion Who's Who (Hopkinsville, Kentucky: Historical Record Association 1964), pp. 669-670</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>ABA Journal</i>, December 1958, page 1211.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">VBA obituary.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sweeney p. 147</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sweeney pp. 165, 200-201</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sweeney p. 182</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sweeney p. 191 and note. Ironically, not only is a state office building now named after Hill, so is a VSB honorary award; and Oliver Hill later received the Presidential Medal of Freedom.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBrennanClarage1999" class="citation book cs1">Brennan, Elizabeth A.; Clarage, Elizabeth C. (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=63nvmt4HqTEC&pg=PA27"><i>Who's who of Pulitzer Prize Winners</i></a>. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 27. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781573561112" title="Special:BookSources/9781573561112"><bdi>9781573561112</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Who%27s+who+of+Pulitzer+Prize+Winners&rft.pages=27&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=9781573561112&rft.aulast=Brennan&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth+A.&rft.au=Clarage%2C+Elizabeth+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D63nvmt4HqTEC%26pg%3DPA27&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+J.+Mays" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">James R. Sweeney, Postscript to Massive Resistance: The Decline and Fall of the Virginia Commission on Constitutional Government, Virginia Magazine of History and Biography, Vol. 121 No. 1 pp. 44-76</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">205 Va. 803 (1965)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sweeney p. 279</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Guy Fridell's Bookself, The Commonwealth: The Magazine of Virginia, vol. 38 no. 4 (April 1971) pp. 48, 42</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dodson, General Assembly Register (1960 p. 560)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=vhs/vih00006.xml">ead.lib.virginia.edu</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/Edmund-Pendleton-1721-1803-A-Biography/dp/088490119X">www.amazon.com</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_J._Mays&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/n84006674">David John Mays</a> at <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a>, with 10 library catalog records (mainly under 'Mays, David John, 1896–' without '1971')</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Pulitzer_Prize_for_Biography_or_Autobiography_(1951–1975)" style="padding:3px"><table 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Pusey">Merlo J. Pusey</a> (1952)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">David J. Mays</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Lindbergh" title="Charles Lindbergh">Charles A. Lindbergh</a> (1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_S._White" title="William S. White">William S. White</a> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talbot_Hamlin" title="Talbot Hamlin">Talbot Faulkner Hamlin</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Southall_Freeman" title="Douglas Southall Freeman">Douglas Southall Freeman</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Alexander_Carroll" title="John Alexander Carroll">John Alexander Carroll</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mary_Wells_Ashworth" title="Mary Wells Ashworth">Mary Wells Ashworth</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Walworth" title="Arthur Walworth">Arthur Walworth</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Eliot_Morison" title="Samuel Eliot Morison">Samuel Eliot Morison</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Herbert_Donald" title="David Herbert Donald">David Donald</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leon_Edel" title="Leon Edel">Leon Edel</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Jackson_Bate" title="Walter Jackson Bate">Walter Jackson Bate</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Samuels" title="Ernest Samuels">Ernest Samuels</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_M._Schlesinger_Jr." title="Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr.">Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr.</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justin_Kaplan" title="Justin Kaplan">Justin Kaplan</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_F._Kennan" title="George F. Kennan">George Frost Kennan</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Lawrence_Reid" title="Benjamin Lawrence Reid">Benjamin Lawrence Reid</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._Harry_Williams" title="T. Harry Williams">Thomas Harry Williams</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrance_Thompson" title="Lawrance Thompson">Lawrance Thompson</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_P._Lash" title="Joseph P. Lash">Joseph P. Lash</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._A._Swanberg" title="W. A. Swanberg">W. A. Swanberg</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Sheaffer" title="Louis Sheaffer">Louis Sheaffer</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Caro" title="Robert Caro">Robert Caro</a> (1975)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pulitzer_Prizes_(medal).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Pulitzer_Prizes_%28medal%29.png/60px-Pulitzer_Prizes_%28medal%29.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Pulitzer_Prizes_%28medal%29.png/90px-Pulitzer_Prizes_%28medal%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Pulitzer_Prizes_%28medal%29.png/120px-Pulitzer_Prizes_%28medal%29.png 2x" data-file-width="2055" data-file-height="1101" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:PulitzerPrize_BiographyorAutobiographyAuthors" title="Template:PulitzerPrize BiographyorAutobiographyAuthors">Complete list</a></li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Template:PulitzerPrize_BiographyorAutobiographyAuthors_1917%E2%80%931925" title="Template:PulitzerPrize BiographyorAutobiographyAuthors 1917–1925">1917–1925</a>)</li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Template:PulitzerPrize_BiographyorAutobiographyAuthors_1926%E2%80%931950" title="Template:PulitzerPrize BiographyorAutobiographyAuthors 1926–1950">1926–1950</a>)</li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Template:PulitzerPrize_BiographyorAutobiographyAuthors_1951%E2%80%931975" title="Template:PulitzerPrize BiographyorAutobiographyAuthors 1951–1975">1951–1975</a>)</li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Template:PulitzerPrize_BiographyorAutobiographyAuthors_1976%E2%80%932000" title="Template:PulitzerPrize BiographyorAutobiographyAuthors 1976–2000">1976–2000</a>)</li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Template:PulitzerPrize_BiographyorAutobiographyAuthors_2001%E2%80%932025" title="Template:PulitzerPrize BiographyorAutobiographyAuthors 2001–2025">2001–2025</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5235460#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div 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