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<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Naming_women"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Naming women</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Naming_women-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Formation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Formation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Formation</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Formation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Formation subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Formation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Compound_names" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Compound_names"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Compound names</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Compound_names-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Shortened_names" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shortened_names"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Shortened names</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shortened_names-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Simple_names" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Simple_names"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Simple names</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Simple_names-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Theophoric_("god-carrying")_names" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Theophoric_("god-carrying")_names"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Theophoric ("god-carrying") names</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Theophoric_("god-carrying")_names-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lallnamen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lallnamen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Lallnamen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lallnamen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Suffixes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Suffixes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Suffixes</span> </div> </a> <ul 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class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p> The study of <b>ancient Greek personal names</b> is a branch of <a href="/wiki/Onomastics" title="Onomastics">onomastics</a>, the study of names,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and more specifically of <a href="/wiki/Anthroponymy" title="Anthroponymy">anthroponomastics</a>, the study of names of persons. There are hundreds of thousands and even millions of individuals whose <a href="/wiki/Greek_name" title="Greek name">Greek name</a> are on record; they are thus an important resource for any general study of naming, as well as for the study of <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece" title="Ancient Greece">ancient Greece</a> itself. The names are found in literary texts, on coins and stamped <a href="/wiki/Amphora" title="Amphora">amphora</a> handles, on potsherds used in <a href="/wiki/Ostracism" title="Ostracism">ostracisms</a>, and, much more abundantly, in inscriptions and (in <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egypt" title="Ancient Egypt">Egypt</a>) on <a href="/wiki/Papyrus" title="Papyrus">papyri</a>. This article will concentrate on Greek naming from the 8th century BC, when the evidence begins, to the end of the 6th century AD.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Single_names_and_names_within_families">Single names and names within families</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ancient_Greek_personal_names&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Single names and names within families"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1238_-_Keramikos_Museum,_Athens_-_Ostrakon_against_Aristides,_son_of_Lysimachos_-_Photo_by_Giovanni_Dall_CROPPED.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/1238_-_Keramikos_Museum%2C_Athens_-_Ostrakon_against_Aristides%2C_son_of_Lysimachos_-_Photo_by_Giovanni_Dall_CROPPED.jpg/220px-1238_-_Keramikos_Museum%2C_Athens_-_Ostrakon_against_Aristides%2C_son_of_Lysimachos_-_Photo_by_Giovanni_Dall_CROPPED.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/1238_-_Keramikos_Museum%2C_Athens_-_Ostrakon_against_Aristides%2C_son_of_Lysimachos_-_Photo_by_Giovanni_Dall_CROPPED.jpg/330px-1238_-_Keramikos_Museum%2C_Athens_-_Ostrakon_against_Aristides%2C_son_of_Lysimachos_-_Photo_by_Giovanni_Dall_CROPPED.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/1238_-_Keramikos_Museum%2C_Athens_-_Ostrakon_against_Aristides%2C_son_of_Lysimachos_-_Photo_by_Giovanni_Dall_CROPPED.jpg/440px-1238_-_Keramikos_Museum%2C_Athens_-_Ostrakon_against_Aristides%2C_son_of_Lysimachos_-_Photo_by_Giovanni_Dall_CROPPED.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1713" /></a><figcaption>A 5th century BC <a href="/wiki/Ostracon" title="Ostracon">ostrakon</a>: a pot shard bearing the name of a politician proposed for <a href="/wiki/Ostracism" title="Ostracism">ostracism</a> (exile). The individual name Aristides and <a href="/wiki/Patronym" class="mw-redirect" title="Patronym">patronym</a> Lysimachos together mean "<a href="/wiki/Aristides" title="Aristides">Aristides</a>, son of Lysimachos"</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greeks" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greeks">Ancient Greeks</a> usually had one name, but another element was often added in semi-official contexts or to aid identification: a father's name (<a href="/wiki/Patronym" class="mw-redirect" title="Patronym">patronym</a>) in the <a href="/wiki/Genitive_case" title="Genitive case">genitive case</a>, or some regions as an adjectival formulation. A third element might be added, indicating the individual's membership in a particular kinship or other grouping, or city of origin (when the person in question was away from that city). Thus the orator <a href="/wiki/Demosthenes" title="Demosthenes">Demosthenes</a>, while proposing decrees in the <a href="/wiki/Athenian_assembly" class="mw-redirect" title="Athenian assembly">Athenian assembly</a>, was known as "Demosthenes, son of Demosthenes of <a href="/wiki/Paiania" title="Paiania">Paiania</a>"; Paiania was the <a href="/wiki/Deme" title="Deme">deme</a> or regional sub-unit of <a href="/wiki/Attica" title="Attica">Attica</a> to which he belonged by birth. In some rare occasions, if a person was illegitimate or fathered by a non-citizen, they might use their mother's name (metronym) instead of their father's. Ten days after birth, relatives on both sides were invited to a sacrifice and feast called <i>dekátē</i> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">δεκάτη</span></span>), "tenth day"; on this occasion the father formally named the child.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Demosthenes was unusual in bearing the same name as his father; it was more common for names to alternate between generations or between lines of a family. Thus it was common to name a first son after his paternal grandfather, and the second after the maternal grandfather, great-uncle, or great-aunt. A speaker in a Greek court case explained that he had named his four children after, respectively, his father, the father of his wife, a relative of his wife, and the father of his mother.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Alternatively, family members might adopt variants of the same name, such as "Demippos, son of Demotimos". The practice of naming children after their grandparents is still widely practiced in Greece today.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Naming_women">Naming women</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ancient_Greek_personal_names&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Naming women"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In many contexts, etiquette required that respectable women be spoken of as the wife or daughter of X rather than by their names.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On gravestones or dedications, however, they had to be identified by name. Here, the patronymic formula "son of X" used for men might be replaced by "wife of X", or supplemented as "daughter of X, wife of Y". </p><p>Many women bore forms of standard masculine names, with a feminine ending substituted for the masculine. Many standard names related to specific masculine achievements had a common feminine equivalent; the counterpart of <i>Nikomachos</i>, "victorious in battle", would be <i>Nikomachē</i>. The taste mentioned above for giving family members related names was one motive for the creation of such feminine forms. There were also feminine names with no masculine equivalent, such as <i>Glykera</i> "sweet one"; <i>Hedistē</i> "most delightful". </p><p>Another distinctive way of forming feminine names was the neuter diminutive suffix <i>-ion</i> (-ιον, while the masculine corresponding suffix was -ιων), suggesting the idea of a "little thing": e.g., <i>Aristion</i> from <i>aristos</i> "best"; <i>Mikrion</i> from <i>mikros</i> "small". Perhaps by extension of this usage, women's names were sometimes formed from men's by a change to a neuter ending without the diminutive sense: <i>Hilaron</i> from <i>hilaros</i>, "cheerful". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Formation">Formation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ancient_Greek_personal_names&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Formation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There were five main personal name types in Greece:<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Compound_names">Compound names</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ancient_Greek_personal_names&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Compound names"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Demosthenes</i> is compounded from two ordinary Greek roots (a structure at least as old as <a href="/wiki/Proto-Indo-European_language" title="Proto-Indo-European language">Proto-Indo-European</a>):<sup id="cite_ref-Pulgram_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pulgram-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>demos</i> "people" and <i>sthenos</i> "strength". A vast number of Greek names have this form, being compounded from two recognizable (though sometimes shortened) elements: <i>Nikomachos</i> from <i>nike</i> "victory" and <i>mache</i> "battle", <i>Sophokles</i> from <i>sophos</i> "wise, skilled" and <i>kleos</i> "glory", <i>Polykrates</i> from <i>poly</i> "much" and <i>kratos</i> "power". The elements used in these compounds are typically positive and of good omen, stressing such ideas as beauty, strength, bravery, victory, glory, and horsemanship. The order of the elements was often reversible: <i>aristos</i> and <i>kleos</i> give both <i>Aristokles</i> and <i>Klearistos</i>. Such compounds have a more or less clear meaning. But as was already noted by Aristotle,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> two elements could be brought together in illogical ways. Thus the immensely productive <i>hippos</i> "horse" yielded, among hundreds of compounds, not only meaningful ones such as <i>Philippos</i> "lover of horses" and <i>Hippodamas</i> "horse-tamer", but also <i>Xenippos</i> "stranger horse" and <i>Andrippos</i> "man horse". There were, in turn, numerous other names beginning with <i>Xen-</i> and <i>Andr-</i>. These "irrational" compounds arose through a combination of common elements.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One motive was a tendency for members of the same family to receive names that echoed one another without being identical. Thus we meet Demippos, son of Demotimos, where the son's name is irrational ("people horse") and the father's name meaningful ("people honour", i.e., honored among the people). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Shortened_names">Shortened names</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ancient_Greek_personal_names&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Shortened names"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A second major category of names was shortened versions ("<a href="/wiki/Hypocoristic" class="mw-redirect" title="Hypocoristic">hypocoristics</a>," or in German <i>Kosenamen</i>) of the compounded names. Thus alongside the many names beginning with <i>Kall-</i> "beauty" such as <i>Kallinikos</i> "of fair victory", there are shortened <i>Kallias</i> and <i>Kallon</i> (masculine) or <i>Kallis</i> (feminine). Alongside victory names such as <i>Nikostratos</i> "victory army", there are <i>Nikias</i> and <i>Nikon</i> (masculine) or <i>Niko</i> (feminine). Such shortenings were variously formed and very numerous: more than 250 shortenings of names in <i>Phil(l)-</i> ("love") and related roots have been counted. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Simple_names">Simple names</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ancient_Greek_personal_names&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Simple names"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ordinary nouns and adjectives of the most diverse types were used as names, either unadjusted or with the addition of a wide variety of suffixes. For instance, some twenty different names are formed from <i>aischros</i> "ugly", including that of the poet we know as <a href="/wiki/Aeschylus" title="Aeschylus">Aeschylus</a>, the Latin spelling of <i>Aischylos</i>. Among the many different categories of nouns and adjectives from which the most common names derive are colors (<i>Xanthos</i> "<a href="/wiki/Yellow" title="Yellow">yellow</a>"), animals (<i>Moschos</i> "heifer", and <i>Dorkas</i> "roe deer"), physical characteristics (<i>Simos</i> "snub nose"), parts of the body (<i>Kephalos</i>, from <i>kephale</i> "head", and many from various slang terms for genitalia). Few of these simple names are as common as the most common compound names, but they are extraordinarily numerous and varied. Identifying their origins often taxes the knowledge of the outer reaches of Greek vocabulary.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Here the quest for dignity seen in the compound names largely disappears. Some, to our ears, sound positively disrespectful: <i>Gastron</i> "pot belly", <i>Batrachos</i> "<a href="/wiki/Frog" title="Frog">frog</a>", <i>Kopreus</i> "shitty", but these are probably by origin affectionate nicknames, in many cases applied to small children, and subsequently carried on within families. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Theophoric_("god-carrying")_names"><span id="Theophoric_.28.22god-carrying.22.29_names"></span>Theophoric ("god-carrying") names</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ancient_Greek_personal_names&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Theophoric ("god-carrying") names"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Many Greeks bore names derived from those of gods. Though it was not normal before the Roman period for Greeks to bear exactly the same names as gods, the two most common Greek names (Dionysios and Demetrios; feminine Dionysia and Demetria) were simple adjectival formations from the divine names <a href="/wiki/Dionysus" title="Dionysus">Dionysos</a> and <a href="/wiki/Demeter" title="Demeter">Demeter</a>. There were also compound theophoric names, formed with a wide variety of suffixes, of which the most common were <i>-doros</i> "gift of" (e.g. Dionysodoros "gift of Dionysos") or <i>-dotos</i> "given by" (Apollodotos). Many names were also based on cult titles of gods: Pythodoros, from Pythios "<a href="/wiki/Apollo" title="Apollo">Apollo</a>". Also common were names formed from the simple <i>theos</i> "god", such as Theodotos/Theodora. All the major gods except the god of war, Ares, and gods associated with the underworld (<a href="/wiki/Persephone" title="Persephone">Persephone</a>, Hades, Plouton [= Latin Pluto]) generated theophoric names, as did some lesser gods (rivers in particular) and heroes. When new gods rose to prominence (<a href="/wiki/Asclepius" title="Asclepius">Asklepios</a>) or entered Greece from outside (<a href="/wiki/Isis" title="Isis">Isis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Serapis" title="Serapis">Sarapis</a>), they too generated theophoric names formed in the normal ways (e.g. Asklepiodotos, Isidoros, Sarapias).<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lallnamen">Lallnamen</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ancient_Greek_personal_names&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Lallnamen"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This is the German word used for names that derived not from other words but from the sounds made by little children addressing their relatives. Typically, they involve repeated consonants or syllables (like English <i>Dada, Nana</i>)—examples are <i>Nanna</i> and <i>Papas</i>. They grew hugely in frequency from a low base in the Roman period, probably through the influence of other naming traditions such as <a href="/wiki/Phrygia" title="Phrygia">Phrygian</a>, in which such names were very common. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ancient_Greek_personal_names&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The main broad characteristics of Greek name formation listed above are found in other <a href="/wiki/Indo-European_languages" title="Indo-European languages">Indo-European languages</a> (the Indo-Iranian, Germanic, Celtic, and Balto-Slavic subgroups); they look like an ancient inheritance within Greek.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The naming practices of the Mycenaeans in the 14th/13th centuries BC, insofar as they can be reconstructed from the early Greek known as <a href="/wiki/Linear_B" title="Linear B">Linear B</a>, seem already to display most of the characteristics of the system visible when literacy resumed in the 8th century BC, though non-Greek names were also present (and most of these <a href="/wiki/Pre-Greek" class="mw-redirect" title="Pre-Greek">pre-Greek</a> names did not survive into the later epoch).<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is true also of the epic poetry of Homer, where many heroes have compound names of familiar types (<i>Alexandros</i>, <i>Alkinoos</i>, <i>Amphimakhos</i>). But the names of several of the greatest heroes (e.g. <i>Achilleus</i>, <i>Odysseus</i>, <i>Agamemnon</i>, <i>Priamos</i>) cannot be interpreted in those terms and were seldom borne by mortals again until a taste for "heroic" names developed under the Roman Empire; they have a different, unexplained origin. The system described above underwent few changes before the Roman period, though the rise of <a href="/wiki/Macedonia_(Greece)" title="Macedonia (Greece)">Macedonia</a> to power earned names of that region such as <i>Ptolemaios</i>, <i>Berenike</i>, and <i>Arsinoe</i> new popularity. Alternative names ("X also known as Y") started to appear in documents in the 2nd century BC but had been occasionally mentioned in literary sources much earlier. </p><p>A different phenomenon, that of individuals bearing two names (e.g., <i>Hermogenes Theodotos</i>), emerged among families of high social standing—particularly in Asia Minor in the Roman imperial period, possibly under the influence of Roman naming patterns. The influence of Rome is certainly visible both in the adoption of Roman names by Greeks and in the drastic transformation of names by Greeks who acquired <a href="/wiki/Roman_citizenship" title="Roman citizenship">Roman citizenship</a>, a status marked by possession of not one but <a href="/wiki/Roman_naming_conventions" title="Roman naming conventions">three names</a>. Such Greeks often took the <i><a href="/wiki/Praenomen" title="Praenomen">praenomen</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Nomen_gentilicium" title="Nomen gentilicium">nomen</a></i> of the authors or sponsors of their citizenship, but retained their Greek name as <i><a href="/wiki/Cognomen" title="Cognomen">cognomen</a></i> to give such forms as Titus Flavius Alkibiades. Various mixed forms also emerged. The Latin suffix <i>–ianus</i>, originally indicating the birth family of a Roman adopted into another family, was taken over to mean initially "son of" (e.g. <i>Asklepiodotianos</i> 'son of Asklepiodotos'), then later as a source of independent new names. </p><p>Another impulse came with the spread of Christianity, which brought new popularity to names from the New Testament, names of saints and martyrs, and existing Greek names such as <i>Theodosios</i> "gift of god", which could be reinterpreted in Christian terms. But non-Christian names, even theophoric names such as <i>Dionysios</i> or <i>Sarapion</i>, continued to be borne by Christians — a reminder that a theophoric name could become a name like any other, its original meaning forgotten. Another phenomenon of late antiquity (5th–6th centuries) was a gradual shift away from the use of the father's name in the genitive as an identifier. A tendency emerged instead to indicate a person's profession or status within the Christian church: carpenter, deacon, etc.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many Greek names have come down by various routes into modern English, some easily recognisable such as Helen or Alexander, some modified such as Denis (from Dionysios).<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Suffixes">Suffixes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ancient_Greek_personal_names&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Suffixes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Many Greeks names used distinctive suffixes that conveyed additional meaning. The suffix <i>-ides</i> (<i>idas</i> in Doric areas such as Sparta) indicates patrilineal descent, and usually means "descendant of", but in some cases can also mean "son of". For example <i>Eurycratides</i> means "descendant of <i>Eurycrates</i>"<i>,</i> while <i>Leonidas</i> actually means "descendant of <i>Leon</i>", but literally can also mean "son of a lion". Greeks often used this suffix when naming their sons after prominent ancestors like grandfathers and so on. The diminutive suffix <i>-ion</i> was also common, e.g. <i>Hephaestion</i> ("little Hephaestus").<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Names_as_history">Names as history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ancient_Greek_personal_names&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Names as history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The French <a href="/wiki/Epigraphist" class="mw-redirect" title="Epigraphist">epigraphist</a> <a href="/wiki/Louis_Robert_(historian)" title="Louis Robert (historian)">Louis Robert</a> declared that what is needed in the study of names is not "catalogues of names but the history of names and even history by means of names (l'histoire par les noms)."<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Names are a neglected but in some areas crucial historical source.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many names are characteristic of particular cities or regions. It is seldom safe to use an individual's name to assign him to a particular place, as the factors that determine individual choices of name are very various. But where a good cluster of names are present, it will usually be possible to identify with much plausibility where the group in question derives from. By such means, the origins of, say, bands of mercenaries or groups of colonists named in inscriptions without indication of their homeland can often be determined. Names are particularly important in situations of cultural contact: they may answer the question whether a particular city is Greek or non-Greek, and document the shifts and complexities in ethnic self-identification even within individual families. They also, through theophoric names, provide crucial evidence for the diffusion of new cults, and later of Christianity. </p><p>Two other once-popular ways of exploiting names for social history, by contrast, have fallen out of favor. Certain names and classes of name were often borne by slaves, since their names were given or changed at will by their owners, who may not have liked to allow them dignified names.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> But no names or very few were so borne exclusively, and many slaves had names indistinguishable from those of the free; one can never identify a slave by name alone.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similar arguments apply to so-called "<a href="/wiki/Courtesan" title="Courtesan">courtesans</a>’ names". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Study">Study</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ancient_Greek_personal_names&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Study"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jean_Antoine_Letronne.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Jean_Antoine_Letronne.jpg/220px-Jean_Antoine_Letronne.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="201" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Jean_Antoine_Letronne.jpg/330px-Jean_Antoine_Letronne.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Jean_Antoine_Letronne.jpg/440px-Jean_Antoine_Letronne.jpg 2x" data-file-width="902" data-file-height="823" /></a><figcaption>Jean Antoine Letronne</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Jean_Antoine_Letronne" class="mw-redirect" title="Jean Antoine Letronne">Jean Antoine Letronne</a> (1851)<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was the pioneer work stressing the importance of the subject. <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Pape" title="Wilhelm Pape">Pape</a> and Benseler (1863–1870)<sup id="cite_ref-Pape_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pape-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was for long the central work of reference but has now been replaced. Bechtel (1917)<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is still the main work that seeks to explain the formation and meaning of Greek names, although the studies of O. Masson et al. collected in <i>Onomastica Graeca Selecta</i> (1990–2000)<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> have constantly to be consulted. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Louis_Robert_(historian)" title="Louis Robert (historian)">L. Robert</a>, <i>Noms indigènes dans l’Asie Mineure gréco-romaine</i> (1963),<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is, despite its title, largely a successful attempt to show that many names attested in Asia Minor and supposed to be indigenous are in fact Greek; it is a dazzling demonstration of the resources of Greek naming. </p><p>The fundamental starting point is now the multi-volume <i>A Lexicon of Greek Personal Names</i>, founded by <a href="/wiki/Peter_Fraser_(academic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Peter Fraser (academic)">P.M. Fraser</a> and still being extended with the collaboration of many scholars.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This work lists, region by region, not only every name attested in the region but every bearer of that name (thus popularity of the name can be measured). The huge numbers of Greek names attested in Egypt are accessible at Trismegistos People.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Several volumes of studies have been published that build on the new foundation created by these comprehensive collections: <a href="/wiki/Simon_Hornblower" title="Simon Hornblower">S. Hornblower</a> and <a href="/wiki/Elaine_Matthews" title="Elaine Matthews">E. Matthews</a> (2000);<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> E. Matthews (2007);<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> R. W. V. Catling and F. Marchand (2010);<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Parker_(historian)" title="Robert Parker (historian)">R. Parker</a> (2013).<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ancient_Greek_personal_names&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">E. Eichler and others, <i>Namenforschung</i>, 3 vols., 1995</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">O. Masson, 'Les noms propres d'homme en grec ancien', in E. Eichler and others, <i>Namenforschung</i>, vol. I (1995), 706-710</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">N. Dunbar, <i>Aristophanes,</i> Birds <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0057:entry=de/katos">(1995), 339.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Dem.+43+74&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0078">Speech against Makartatos, ascribed to Demosthenes, sect. 74</a> (translated by A. T. Murray) <i>Perseus Digital Library</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180816211449/http://www.lgpn.ox.ac.uk/names/practices.html">"Naming practices"</a>. <i>Lexicon of Greek Personal Names</i>. Oxford University. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lgpn.ox.ac.uk/names/practices.html">the original</a> on 16 August 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 October</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Lexicon+of+Greek+Personal+Names&rft.atitle=Naming+practices&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lgpn.ox.ac.uk%2Fnames%2Fpractices.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAncient+Greek+personal+names" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchaps1977" class="citation journal cs1">Schaps, David (1977-12-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/classical-quarterly/article/div-classtitlethe-woman-least-mentioneda-hreffn01-ref-typefnspan-classsup1spana-etiquette-and-womenandaposs-namesdiv/45AC5C10C4FE81EADD44FC4CF10D13CD">"The Woman Least Mentioned1: Etiquette And Women's Names"</a>. <i>The Classical Quarterly</i>. <b>27</b> (2): 323–330. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0009838800035606">10.1017/S0009838800035606</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1471-6844">1471-6844</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:170776763">170776763</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Classical+Quarterly&rft.atitle=The+Woman+Least+Mentioned1%3A+Etiquette+And+Women%27s+Names&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=323-330&rft.date=1977-12-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A170776763%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1471-6844&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0009838800035606&rft.aulast=Schaps&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cambridge.org%2Fcore%2Fjournals%2Fclassical-quarterly%2Farticle%2Fdiv-classtitlethe-woman-least-mentioneda-hreffn01-ref-typefnspan-classsup1spana-etiquette-and-womenandaposs-namesdiv%2F45AC5C10C4FE81EADD44FC4CF10D13CD&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAncient+Greek+personal+names" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170213090250/http://www.lgpn.ox.ac.uk/names/LGPN-Ling.html">"Lexicon of Greek Personal Names - Names"</a>. <i>www.lgpn.ox.ac.uk</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lgpn.ox.ac.uk/names/LGPN-Ling.html">the original</a> on 2017-02-13<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-02-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.lgpn.ox.ac.uk&rft.atitle=Lexicon+of+Greek+Personal+Names+-+Names&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lgpn.ox.ac.uk%2Fnames%2FLGPN-Ling.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAncient+Greek+personal+names" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pulgram-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Pulgram_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Pulgram" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Pulgram" title="Ernst Pulgram">Pulgram, Ernst</a> (July–September 1947). 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Washington: Linguistic Society of America: 189–206. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F409874">10.2307/409874</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/409874">409874</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Language&rft.atitle=Indo-European+Personal+Names&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=189-206&rft.date=1947-07%2F1947-09&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F409874&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F409874%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Pulgram&rft.aufirst=Ernst&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAncient+Greek+personal+names" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Aristotle, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0056%3Asection%3D1457a"><i>Poetics</i> 1457a 12-14</a> (translated by W. H. Fyfe) <i>Perseus Digital Library</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">O. Masson, <i>Onomastica Graeca Selecta</i>, ed. C. Dobias and L. Dubois (1990), 88 and 404.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">J. Curbera, 'Simple Names in Ionia', in R. Parker (ed.), <i>Personal Names in Ancient Anatolia</i> (2013), 107-144. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780197265635" title="Special:BookSources/9780197265635">9780197265635</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">R. Parker, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britac.ac.uk/pubs/proc/files/104p053.pdf">'Theophoric Names and the History of Greek Religion'</a>, in S. Hornblower and E. Matthews (eds.), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britac.ac.uk/pubs/proc/volumes/pba104.html"><i>Greek Personal Names. Their Value as Evidence</i></a> (2000) <i>Proceedings of the British Academy</i>, Volume 104, pp. 53-80</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">R. Schmitt, 'Morphologie der Namen: Vollnamen und Kurznamen bzw Kosenamen im Indogermanischen' and 'Entwicklung der Namen in älteren indogermanischen Sprachen', in E. Eichler and others, <i>Namenforschung</i>, vol. I (1995), 419-427 and 616-636.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jon C. Billigmeier, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://revistas.usal.es/index.php/0544-3733/article/download/2291/2343/">An Enquiry into the Non-Greek Names on the Linear B Tablets from Knossos and their Relationship to the Languages of Asia Minor</a>"<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#What_information_to_include" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="A complete citation is needed. (March 2022)">full citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">R. Parker, 'Introduction. New trends in Greek naming', in R. Parker (ed.), <i>Personal Names in Ancient Anatolia</i> (2013), 11-14, for all the developments in this paragraph.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170410035837/http://www.lgpn.ox.ac.uk/announcements/GreekNamesinEnglish.html">"Greek Names in English"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lgpn.ox.ac.uk/announcements/GreekNamesinEnglish.html">the original</a> on 2017-04-10<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-02-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Greek+Names+in+English&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lgpn.ox.ac.uk%2Fannouncements%2FGreekNamesinEnglish.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAncient+Greek+personal+names" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMINON" class="citation journal cs1">MINON, Sophie. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/15478859">"Programme colloque Suffixation anthroponymique grecque Lyon Septembre 2015"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Programme+colloque+Suffixation+anthroponymique+grecque+Lyon+Septembre+2015&rft.aulast=MINON&rft.aufirst=Sophie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F15478859&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAncient+Greek+personal+names" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged February 2024">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">L. Robert, <i>Opera Minora Selecta</i>, 2 (1970), 987.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">R. Parker, 'Introduction', in R. Parker (ed.) <i>Personal Names in Ancient Anatolia</i> (2013), 1-10. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780197265635" title="Special:BookSources/9780197265635">9780197265635</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Plato, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0172%3Atext%3DCrat.%3Asection%3D384d"><i>Cratylus</i>, section 384d</a> (translated by Harold N. Fowler) <i>Perseus Digital Library</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">E. Matthews, article 'Names, Personal, Greek', in S. Hornblower and A. Spawforth (eds), <i>The Oxford Classical Dictionary</i> ed. 4 (2012), 996. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780199545568" title="Special:BookSources/9780199545568">9780199545568</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLetronne1851" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Jean_Antoine_Letronne" class="mw-redirect" title="Jean Antoine Letronne">Letronne, J.A.</a> (1851). 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E. (1875). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/drwpapeswrterbu00bensgoog"><i>Wörterbuch der griechischen Eigennamen [Dictionary of Greek Proper Names]</i></a> (in German). F. Vieweg und sohn<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=W%C3%B6rterbuch+der+griechischen+Eigennamen+%5BDictionary+of+Greek+Proper+Names%5D&rft.pub=F.+Vieweg+und+sohn&rft.date=1875&rft.aulast=Pape&rft.aufirst=W.&rft.au=Benseler%2C+G.+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdrwpapeswrterbu00bensgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAncient+Greek+personal+names" class="Z3988"></span> (Third Edition) (<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Eduard_Benseler" class="extiw" title="de:Gustav Eduard Benseler">G. E. Benseler</a>: article in German)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBechtel1917" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Bechtel" title="Friedrich Bechtel">Bechtel, Friedrich</a> (1917). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/diehistorischenp00bechuoft"><i>Die historischen Personennamen des Griechischen bis zur Kaiserzeit [Historical personal names of the Greeks up to the Imperial period]</i></a> (in German). Halle: S. M. Niemeyer<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Die+historischen+Personennamen+des+Griechischen+bis+zur+Kaiserzeit+%5BHistorical+personal+names+of+the+Greeks+up+to+the+Imperial+period%5D&rft.place=Halle&rft.pub=S.+M.+Niemeyer&rft.date=1917&rft.aulast=Bechtel&rft.aufirst=Friedrich&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdiehistorischenp00bechuoft&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAncient+Greek+personal+names" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMassonDobias-LalouDubois1990–2000" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Masson, Olivier; Dobias-Lalou, Catherine; Dubois, Laurent (1990–2000). <i>Onomastica graeca selecta</i> (in French). Geneva: Librairie Droz. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9782600004350" title="Special:BookSources/9782600004350"><bdi>9782600004350</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/848612530">848612530</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Onomastica+graeca+selecta&rft.place=Geneva&rft.pub=Librairie+Droz&rft.date=1990%2F2000&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F848612530&rft.isbn=9782600004350&rft.aulast=Masson&rft.aufirst=Olivier&rft.au=Dobias-Lalou%2C+Catherine&rft.au=Dubois%2C+Laurent&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAncient+Greek+personal+names" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobert1991" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Louis_Robert_(historian)" title="Louis Robert (historian)">Robert, Louis</a> (1991). <i>Noms indigènes dans l'Asie-Mineure Greco-Romaine</i> [<i>Indigenous names in Greco-Roman Asia Minor</i>] (in French) (1963 reprint ed.). Amsterdam: Adolf M. Hakkert. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789025610074" title="Special:BookSources/9789025610074"><bdi>9789025610074</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/891116371">891116371</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Noms+indig%C3%A8nes+dans+l%27Asie-Mineure+Greco-Romaine&rft.place=Amsterdam&rft.edition=1963+reprint&rft.pub=Adolf+M.+Hakkert&rft.date=1991&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F891116371&rft.isbn=9789025610074&rft.aulast=Robert&rft.aufirst=Louis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAncient+Greek+personal+names" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lgpn.ox.ac.uk/">"Homepage, Lexicon of Greek Personal Names, University of Oxford"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Homepage%2C+Lexicon+of+Greek+Personal+Names%2C+University+of+Oxford&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lgpn.ox.ac.uk%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAncient+Greek+personal+names" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.trismegistos.org/ref/index.php">"Trismegistos People"</a>. <i>Trismegistos</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 February</span> 2015</span>. <q>An interdisciplinary portal of papyrological and epigraphical resources dealing with Egypt and the Nile valley between roughly 800 BC and AD 800 currently expanding its geographical scope to the Ancient World in general</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Trismegistos&rft.atitle=Trismegistos+People&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.trismegistos.org%2Fref%2Findex.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAncient+Greek+personal+names" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHornblowerMatthews2000" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Simon_Hornblower" title="Simon Hornblower">Hornblower, Simon</a>; Matthews, Elaine, eds. (14 December 2000). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/greekpersonalnam0000unse"><i>Greek Personal Names: Their Value as Evidence</i></a></span>. Oxford: Oxford University Press/British Academy Proceedings of the British Academy. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-726216-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-726216-0"><bdi>978-0-19-726216-0</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Greek+Personal+Names%3A+Their+Value+as+Evidence&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press%2FBritish+Academy+Proceedings+of+the+British+Academy&rft.date=2000-12-14&rft.isbn=978-0-19-726216-0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgreekpersonalnam0000unse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAncient+Greek+personal+names" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMatthews2007" class="citation book cs1">Matthews, Elaine, ed. (29 November 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ukcatalogue.oup.com/product/9780197264126.do"><i>Old and New Worlds in Greek Onomastics</i></a>. Proceedings of the British Academy. Oxford: Oxford University Press/British Academy Proceedings of the British Academy. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-726412-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-726412-6"><bdi>978-0-19-726412-6</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Old+and+New+Worlds+in+Greek+Onomastics&rft.place=Oxford&rft.series=Proceedings+of+the+British+Academy&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press%2FBritish+Academy+Proceedings+of+the+British+Academy&rft.date=2007-11-29&rft.isbn=978-0-19-726412-6&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fukcatalogue.oup.com%2Fproduct%2F9780197264126.do&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAncient+Greek+personal+names" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarchandSasanow2010" class="citation book cs1">Marchand, F.; Sasanow, M. (2010). Catling, R. W. V. (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150222072901/http://www.oxbowbooks.com/oxbow/onomatologos.html"><i>Onomatologos: Studies in Greek Personal Names presented to Elaine Matthews</i></a>. Oxford: Oxbow Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781842179826" title="Special:BookSources/9781842179826"><bdi>9781842179826</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxbowbooks.com/oxbow/onomatologos.html">the original</a> on 2015-02-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-02-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Onomatologos%3A+Studies+in+Greek+Personal+Names+presented+to+Elaine+Matthews&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxbow+Books&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9781842179826&rft.aulast=Marchand&rft.aufirst=F.&rft.au=Sasanow%2C+M.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxbowbooks.com%2Foxbow%2Fonomatologos.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAncient+Greek+personal+names" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParker2013" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Parker_(historian)" title="Robert Parker (historian)">Parker, Robert</a>, ed. (28 November 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ukcatalogue.oup.com/product/9780197265635.do"><i>Personal Names in Ancient Anatolia</i></a>. Proceedings of the British Academy. Oxford: Oxford University Press/British Academy | Proceedings of the British Academy. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-726563-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-726563-5"><bdi>978-0-19-726563-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Personal+Names+in+Ancient+Anatolia&rft.place=Oxford&rft.series=Proceedings+of+the+British+Academy&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press%2FBritish+Academy+%7C+Proceedings+of+the+British+Academy&rft.date=2013-11-28&rft.isbn=978-0-19-726563-5&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fukcatalogue.oup.com%2Fproduct%2F9780197265635.do&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAncient+Greek+personal+names" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ancient_Greek_personal_names&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lgpn.ox.ac.uk/">Lexicon of Greek Personal Names, Oxford University</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Personal_names" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Personal names"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Personal_names_and_anthroponymy" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Personal_name" title="Personal name">Personal names</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anthroponymy" title="Anthroponymy">anthroponymy</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Personal name</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Birth_name" title="Birth name">Birth name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Given_name" title="Given name">Given name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surname" title="Surname">Surname</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patrilineality" title="Patrilineality">Patrilineal</a>/<a href="/wiki/Matriname" title="Matriname">Matrilineal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_family_name_affixes" title="List of family name affixes">Affixes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nobiliary_particle" title="Nobiliary particle">Nobiliary particle</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By sequence</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_name" class="mw-redirect" title="First name">First name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_name" title="Middle name">Middle name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surname" title="Surname">Last name</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By trait</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diminutive" title="Diminutive">Diminutive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double-barrelled_name" title="Double-barrelled name">Double-barrelled</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epithet" title="Epithet">Epithet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Animal_epithet" title="Animal epithet">Animal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_people_by_epithet" title="Lists of people by epithet">Common</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plant_epithet" title="Plant epithet">Plant</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eponym" title="Eponym">Eponymic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matronymic" title="Matronymic">Matronymic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metonymy" title="Metonymy">Metonymic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mononymous_person" class="mw-redirect" title="Mononymous person">Mononymic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Occupational name">Occupational</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patronymic" title="Patronymic">Patronymic</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Patronymic_surname" title="Patronymic surname">Surname</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sobriquet" title="Sobriquet">Sobriquet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teknonymy" title="Teknonymy">Teknonymic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toponymy" title="Toponymy">Toponymic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Toponymic_surname" title="Toponymic surname">Surname</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrial_name" title="Patrial name">Patrial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unisex_name" title="Unisex name">Unisex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtue_name" title="Virtue name">Virtue</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By life situation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aptronym" title="Aptronym">Aptronym</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birth_name" title="Birth name">Birth name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_name" title="Code name">Code name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maiden_and_married_names" title="Maiden and married names">Maiden and married names</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Necronym" title="Necronym">Necronym</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Posthumous_name" title="Posthumous name">Posthumous name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_name" title="Temple name">Temple name</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Placeholder_name" title="Placeholder name">Placeholder name</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Notname" title="Notname">Notname</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regnal_name" title="Regnal name">Regnal name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slave_name" title="Slave name">Slave name</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pseudonym" title="Pseudonym">Pseudonyms</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_pseudonyms" title="List of pseudonyms">list</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_name" title="Art name">Art name</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bug%C5%8D" title="Bugō">Bugō</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nickname" title="Nickname">Nicknames</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_nicknames" title="Lists of nicknames">list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypocorism" title="Hypocorism">Hypocorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_by_nickname" title="List of monarchs by nickname">Monarchs</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nom_de_guerre" class="mw-redirect" title="Nom de guerre">Nom de guerre</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pen_name" title="Pen name">Pen name</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heteronym_(literature)" title="Heteronym (literature)">Heteronym</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ring_name" title="Ring name">Ring name</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shikona" title="Shikona">Shikona</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stage_name" title="Stage name">Stage name</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_stage_names" title="List of stage names">List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_one-word_stage_names" title="List of one-word stage names">Mononyms</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Username" class="mw-redirect" title="Username">Username</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By culture<br /><a href="/wiki/Surnames_by_country" title="Surnames by country">Surnames by country</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_cultural_sphere" class="mw-redirect" title="East Asian cultural sphere">East Asian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amami_name" title="Amami name">Amami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_name" title="Chinese name">Chinese</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Courtesy_name" title="Courtesy name">Courtesy</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Art_name" title="Art name">Art</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Generation_name" title="Generation name">Generation</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Chinese_titles" title="Chinese titles">Titles</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_name" title="Japanese name">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_name" title="Korean name">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchu_name" title="Manchu name">Manchu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okinawan_name" title="Okinawan name">Okinawan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naming_customs_of_Taiwanese_indigenous_peoples" title="Naming customs of Taiwanese indigenous peoples">Indigenous Taiwanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_name" title="Vietnamese name">Vietnamese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Northern Asia<br />and Central Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kalmyk_name" title="Kalmyk name">Kalmyk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_name" title="Mongolian name">Mongolian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakut_names" class="mw-redirect" title="Yakut names">Sakha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_name" title="Tibetan name">Tibetan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Muslim_world" title="Muslim world">Muslim world</a><br />and Western Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_name" title="Afghan name">Afghan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_name" title="Arabic name">Arabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_name" title="Azerbaijani name">Azerbaijani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_name" title="Bengali name">Bengali</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berber_name&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Berber name (page does not exist)">Berber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coptic_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Coptic name">Coptic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandaean_name" title="Mandaean name">Mandaean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_name" title="Pakistani name">Pakistani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashtun_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Pashtun name">Pashtun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_name" title="Persian name">Persian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sindhi_names" title="Sindhi names">Sindhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_name" title="Somali name">Somali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatar_name" title="Tatar name">Tatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_name" title="Turkish name">Turkish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Oceania" title="Oceania">Oceania</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Aboriginal_kinship" title="Australian Aboriginal kinship">Australian Aboriginal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fijian_name" title="Fijian name">Fijian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_name" title="Hawaiian name">Hawaiian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_naming_customs" title="Māori naming customs">Māori</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sub-Saharan_Africa" title="Sub-Saharan Africa">Sub-Saharan Africa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akan_names" title="Akan names">Ashanti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_naming_customs" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo naming customs">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naming_conventions_in_Eritrea_and_Ethiopia" title="Naming conventions in Eritrea and Ethiopia">Eritrean and Ethiopian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ewe_language#Naming_system" title="Ewe language">Ewe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghanaian_name" title="Ghanaian name">Ghanaian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igbo_name" title="Igbo name">Igbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoruba_name" title="Yoruba name">Yoruba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwean_names" title="Zimbabwean names">Zimbabwean</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a><br />and <a href="/wiki/Australasia" title="Australasia">Australasia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_name" title="Albanian name">Albanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_name" title="Armenian name">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_surname#Ashkenazi_Jewry" title="Jewish surname">Ashkenazi Jewish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basque_surnames" title="Basque surnames">Basque</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estonian_name&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Estonian name (page does not exist)">Estonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_name" title="Finnish name">Finnish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_name" title="Georgian name">Georgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_name" title="Greek name">Greek</a> <ul><li><small><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ancient Greek</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Greek_Cypriot_name" title="Greek Cypriot name">Cypriot</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_names" title="Hungarian names">Hungarian</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Baltic_languages" title="Baltic languages">Baltic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_name" title="Latvian name">Latvian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_name" title="Lithuanian name">Lithuanian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Celtic_onomastics" title="Celtic onomastics">Celtic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cornish_surnames" title="Cornish surnames">Cornish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_name" title="Irish name">Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manx_surnames" title="Manx surnames">Manx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic_name" title="Scottish Gaelic name">Scottish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_surnames" title="Welsh surnames">Welsh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Germanic_name" title="Germanic name">Germanic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_name" title="Dutch name">Dutch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_name" title="English name">English</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Naming_in_the_United_States" title="Naming in the United States">American</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/African-American_names" title="African-American names">African-American</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Canadian_name" title="Canadian name">Canadian</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_name" title="Hong Kong name">Hongkongese</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_name" title="German name">German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_name" title="Gothic name">Gothic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_name" title="Icelandic name">Icelandic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scandinavian_family_name_etymology" title="Scandinavian family name etymology">Scandinavian</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Swedish_name" title="Swedish name">Swedish</a></small></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Romance_languages" title="Romance languages">Romance</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catalan_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Catalan name">Catalan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_name" title="French name">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_name" title="Italian name">Italian</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Occitan_name&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Occitan name (page does not exist)">Occitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_name" title="Portuguese name">Portuguese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_naming_conventions" title="Roman naming conventions">Roman</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Praenomen" title="Praenomen">Praenomen</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Nomen_(Roman_name)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nomen (Roman name)">Nomen</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Cognomen" title="Cognomen">Cognomen</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Agnomen" title="Agnomen">Agnomen</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_name" title="Romanian name">Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_naming_customs" title="Spanish naming customs">Spanish</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Naming_customs_of_Hispanic_America" title="Naming customs of Hispanic America">Hispanic America</a></small></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Slavic_names" title="Slavic names">Slavic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_name" title="Bulgarian name">Bulgarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_name" title="Croatian name">Croatian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_name" title="Czech name">Czech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Slavic_naming_customs" title="Eastern Slavic naming customs">Eastern Slavic</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_name" title="Belarusian name">Belarusian</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Slavic_naming_customs" title="Eastern Slavic naming customs">Russian</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_name" title="Ukrainian name">Ukrainian</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kashubian_name&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kashubian name (page does not exist)">Kashubian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_onomastics" title="Macedonian onomastics">Macedonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish name">Polish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_name" title="Serbian name">Serbian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_name" title="Slovak name">Slovak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavic_name_suffixes" title="Slavic name suffixes">Suffixes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Indosphere" title="Indosphere">Indosphere</a> (<a href="/wiki/South_Asia" title="South Asia">South Asia</a><br />and <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balinese_name" title="Balinese name">Balinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_name" title="Bengali name">Bengali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burmese_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Burmese name">Burmese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filipino_name" title="Filipino name">Filipino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_names" title="Indonesian names">Indonesian</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Indonesian_surname" title="Chinese Indonesian surname">Chinese</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Javanese_name" title="Javanese name">Javanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khmer_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Khmer name">Cambodian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_names" title="Malaysian names">Malaysian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_name" title="Indian name">Indian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lao_name" title="Lao name">Lao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_name" title="Pakistani name">Pakistani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sindhi_names" title="Sindhi names">Sindhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinhalese_name" title="Sinhalese name">Sinhalese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naming_conventions_of_ancient_Tamil_country" class="mw-redirect" title="Naming conventions of ancient Tamil country">Ancient Tamil country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_name" title="Thai name">Thai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religious_name" title="Religious name">By religion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_name" title="Christian name">Christian name</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_biblical_names" title="List of biblical names">Biblical name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_name" title="Papal name">Papal name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint%27s_name" title="Saint's name">Saint's name</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_surname" title="Buddhist surname">Buddhist surname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dharma_name" title="Dharma name">Dharma name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_name" title="Jewish name">Jewish name</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_name" title="Hebrew name">Hebrew</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandaean_name" title="Mandaean name">Mandaean name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theophoric_name" title="Theophoric name">Theophoric name</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Manners of address<br /><a href="/wiki/List_of_titles" title="List of titles">List</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Title_of_authority" class="mw-redirect" title="Title of authority">of authority</a>/<a href="/wiki/Title_of_honor" title="Title of honor">of honour</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Style_(form_of_address)" title="Style (form of address)">Styles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Honorific" title="Honorific">Honorific</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_rank" title="Diplomatic rank">Diplomatic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_and_noble_styles" title="Royal and noble styles">Imperial, royal, and noble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_styles" class="mw-redirect" title="Judiciary styles">Judiciary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_religious_titles_and_styles" title="List of religious titles and styles">Religious</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_titles_and_styles" title="Ecclesiastical titles and styles">Ecclesiastical</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-nominal_letters" title="Pre-nominal letters">Pre-nominal letters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suffix_(name)" title="Suffix (name)">Suffix</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emeritus" title="Emeritus">Emeritus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-nominal_letters" title="Post-nominal letters">Post-nominal letters</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Academic_degree" title="Academic degree">Academic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_(distinction)" title="Order (distinction)">Orders</a>, <a href="/wiki/Award" title="Award">decorations</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Medal" title="Medal">medals</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Title" title="Title">Titles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Academic_degree" title="Academic degree">Academic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial,_royal_and_noble_ranks" title="Imperial, royal and noble ranks">Imperial, royal and noble</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chivalry" title="Chivalry">Chivalric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Courtesy_title" title="Courtesy title">Courtesy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/False_titles_of_nobility" title="False titles of nobility">False</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hereditary_title" title="Hereditary title">Hereditary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subsidiary_title" title="Subsidiary title">Subsidiary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Substantive_title" title="Substantive title">Substantive</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_rank" title="Military rank">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Professional_titles" class="mw-redirect" title="Professional titles">Professional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Academic_ranks" class="mw-redirect" title="Academic ranks">Academic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Professional_degree" title="Professional degree">Educational</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honorary_title_(academic)" title="Honorary title (academic)">Honorary</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporate_title" title="Corporate title">Business</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_rank" title="Diplomatic rank">Diplomatic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judicial_titles" class="mw-redirect" title="Judicial titles">Judicial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_religious_titles_and_styles" title="List of religious titles and styles">Religious</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_titles_and_styles" title="Ecclesiastical titles and styles">Ecclesiastical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_titles" title="Papal titles">Papal</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related traditions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baptism" title="Baptism">Baptism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Name_day" title="Name day">Name day</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calendar_of_saints" title="Calendar of saints">Calendar of saints</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acronym" title="Acronym">Acronym</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anonymity" title="Anonymity">Anonymity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthropomorphism" title="Anthropomorphism">Anthropomorphism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Personification" title="Personification">Personification</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_personification" title="National personification">National</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Call_sign" title="Call sign">Call sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deadnaming" title="Deadnaming">Deadnaming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endonym_and_exonym" title="Endonym and exonym">Endonym and exonym</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family" title="Family">Family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galton%E2%80%93Watson_process" title="Galton–Watson process">Galton–Watson process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_name" title="Legal name">Legal name</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Name_change" title="Name change">Name change</a></li></ul></li> <li>List <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most_popular_given_names" title="List of most popular given names">Given</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_most_common_surnames" title="Lists of most common surnames">Surname</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namesake" title="Namesake">Namesake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naming_taboo" title="Naming taboo">Naming taboo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nomenclature" title="Nomenclature">Nomenclature</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nomen_nescio" title="Nomen nescio">Nomen nescio</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misnomer" title="Misnomer">Misnomer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onomastics" title="Onomastics">Onomastics</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/-onym" title="-onym">-onym</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_identity" title="Personal identity">Personal identity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Identifier" title="Identifier">Identifier</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proper_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Proper name">Proper name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Signature" title="Signature">Signature</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monogram" title="Monogram">Monogram</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Royal_cypher" title="Royal cypher">Royal cypher</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khelrtva" title="Khelrtva">Khelrtva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Signum_manus" title="Signum manus">Signum manus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tughra" title="Tughra">Tughra</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surnames_by_country" title="Surnames by country">Surnames by country</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Lists_of_names" title="Category:Lists of names">Category:Lists of names</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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