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> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Personal+name" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Personal+name" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. 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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Structure_in_humans" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Structure_in_humans"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Structure in humans</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Structure_in_humans-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Feudal_names" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Feudal_names"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Feudal names</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Feudal_names-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Naming_conventions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Naming_conventions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Naming conventions</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Naming_conventions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Naming conventions subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Naming_conventions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-English-speaking_countries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#English-speaking_countries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>English-speaking countries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-English-speaking_countries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Generational_designation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Generational_designation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.1</span> <span>Generational designation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Generational_designation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rank,_title,_honour,_accreditation,_and_affiliation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rank,_title,_honour,_accreditation,_and_affiliation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.2</span> <span>Rank, title, honour, accreditation, and affiliation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rank,_title,_honour,_accreditation,_and_affiliation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Name_order" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Name_order"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Name order</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Name_order-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Name order subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Name_order-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Western_name_order" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Western_name_order"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Western name order</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Western_name_order-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eastern_name_order" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eastern_name_order"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Eastern name order</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eastern_name_order-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-East_Asia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#East_Asia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.1</span> <span>East Asia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-East_Asia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Chinese" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chinese"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.1.1</span> <span>Chinese</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chinese-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Japanese" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Japanese"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.1.2</span> <span>Japanese</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Japanese-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mongolian" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mongolian"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.1.3</span> <span>Mongolian</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mongolian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-South_India" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#South_India"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.2</span> <span>South India</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-South_India-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Telugu" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Telugu"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.2.1</span> <span>Telugu</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Telugu-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tamil" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tamil"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.2.2</span> <span>Tamil</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tamil-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hungary" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hungary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.3</span> <span>Hungary</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hungary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mordvin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mordvin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.4</span> <span>Mordvin</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mordvin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Romania" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Romania"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.5</span> <span>Romania</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Romania-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-South_Estonian" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#South_Estonian"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.6</span> <span>South Estonian</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-South_Estonian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Non-human_personal_names" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Non-human_personal_names"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Non-human personal names</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Non-human_personal_names-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Non-human personal names subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Non-human_personal_names-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Animal_names_for_each_other" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Animal_names_for_each_other"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Animal names for each other</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Animal_names_for_each_other-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Names_of_pets" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Names_of_pets"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Names of pets</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Names_of_pets-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Personal name</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 44 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-44" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">44 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%85_%D8%B4%D8%AE%D8%B5%D9%8A" title="اسم شخصي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="اسم شخصي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%A4_%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE" title="ব্যক্তিগত নাম – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ব্যক্তিগত নাম" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pangaran" title="Pangaran – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Pangaran" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D1%8F%D1%82" title="Тулли ят – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Тулли ят" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osobn%C3%AD_jm%C3%A9no" title="Osobní jméno – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Osobní jméno" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonderai" title="Tonderai – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Tonderai" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personnavn" title="Personnavn – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Personnavn" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Realname" title="Realname – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Realname" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kodanikunimi" title="Kodanikunimi – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kodanikunimi" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Individua_nomo" title="Individua nomo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Individua nomo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%B4%D8%AE%D8%B5%DB%8C" title="نام شخصی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نام شخصی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nom_personnel" title="Nom personnel – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Nom personnel" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%B8%EB%AA%85" title="인명 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="인명" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE" title="व्यक्तिगत नाम – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="व्यक्तिगत नाम" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osobno_ime" title="Osobno ime – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Osobno ime" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nama_pribadi" title="Nama pribadi – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Nama pribadi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atiq" title="Atiq – Inupiaq" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Atiq" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="Inupiaq" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Iñupiatun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mannanafn" title="Mannanafn – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Mannanafn" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antroponimo" title="Antroponimo – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Antroponimo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jina_la_kuzaliwa" title="Jina la kuzaliwa – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Jina la kuzaliwa" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personv%C4%81rds" title="Personvārds – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Personvārds" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vardas" title="Vardas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Vardas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nom_personal" title="Nom personal – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Nom personal" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szem%C3%A9lyn%C3%A9v" title="Személynév – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Személynév" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nama_peribadi" title="Nama peribadi – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Nama peribadi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%99%E1%80%8A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%99%E1%80%BE%E1%80%8A%E1%80%B7%E1%80%BA%E1%80%81%E1%80%BC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="အမည်မှည့်ခြင်း – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အမည်မှည့်ခြင်း" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nome_pessoal" title="Nome pessoal – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Nome pessoal" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nume_de_persoan%C4%83" title="Nume de persoană – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Nume de persoană" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%8F" title="Полное имя – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Полное имя" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emri_personal" title="Emri personal – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Emri personal" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nomu_propiu" title="Nomu propiu – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Nomu propiu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_name" title="Personal name – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Personal name" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osebno_lastno_ime" title="Osebno lastno ime – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Osebno lastno ime" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osobno_ime" title="Osobno ime – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Osobno ime" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henkil%C3%B6nnimi" title="Henkilönnimi – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Henkilönnimi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personnamn" title="Personnamn – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Personnamn" data-language-autonym="Svenska" 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks linguistics-body"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Linguistics" title="Category:Linguistics">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Linguistics" title="Linguistics">Linguistics</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above"> <div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_linguistics" title="Outline of linguistics">Outline</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_linguistics" title="History of linguistics">History</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_linguistics_articles" title="Index of linguistics articles">Index</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">General linguistics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Historical_linguistics" title="Historical linguistics">Diachronic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lexicography" title="Lexicography">Lexicography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morphology_(linguistics)" title="Morphology (linguistics)">Morphology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phonology" title="Phonology">Phonology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pragmatics" title="Pragmatics">Pragmatics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semantics" title="Semantics">Semantics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syntax" title="Syntax">Syntax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syntax%E2%80%93semantics_interface" title="Syntax–semantics interface">Syntax–semantics interface</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linguistic_typology" title="Linguistic typology">Typology</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Applied linguistics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Language_acquisition" title="Language acquisition">Acquisition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthropological_linguistics" title="Anthropological linguistics">Anthropological</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Applied_linguistics" title="Applied linguistics">Applied</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computational_linguistics" title="Computational linguistics">Computational</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conversation_analysis" title="Conversation analysis">Conversation analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corpus_linguistics" title="Corpus linguistics">Corpus linguistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discourse_analysis" title="Discourse analysis">Discourse analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Determinism" title="Determinism">Determinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linguistic_distance" title="Linguistic distance">Distance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Language_documentation" title="Language documentation">Documentation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnography_of_communication" title="Ethnography of communication">Ethnography of communication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnomethodology" title="Ethnomethodology">Ethnomethodology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forensic_linguistics" title="Forensic linguistics">Forensic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_linguistics" title="History of linguistics">History of linguistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interlinguistics" title="Interlinguistics">Interlinguistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neurolinguistics" title="Neurolinguistics">Neurolinguistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philology" title="Philology">Philology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_language" title="Philosophy of language">Philosophy of language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phonetics" title="Phonetics">Phonetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psycholinguistics" title="Psycholinguistics">Psycholinguistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sociolinguistics" title="Sociolinguistics">Sociolinguistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Text_linguistics" title="Text linguistics">Text</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Translation_studies" title="Translation studies">Translating</a> and <a href="/wiki/Language_interpretation" title="Language interpretation">interpreting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Writing_system" title="Writing system">Writing systems</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Theoretical frameworks</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Formalism_(linguistics)" title="Formalism (linguistics)">Formalist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phrase_structure_grammar" title="Phrase structure grammar">Constituency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dependency_grammar" title="Dependency grammar">Dependency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Distributionalism" title="Distributionalism">Distributionalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Generative_grammar" title="Generative grammar">Generative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossematics" title="Glossematics">Glossematics</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Functional_linguistics" title="Functional linguistics">Functional</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cognitive_grammar" title="Cognitive grammar">Cognitive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Construction_grammar" title="Construction grammar">Construction grammar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Functional_discourse_grammar" title="Functional discourse grammar">Functional discourse grammar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grammaticalization" title="Grammaticalization">Grammaticalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interactional_linguistics" title="Interactional linguistics">Interactional linguistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prague_linguistic_circle" title="Prague linguistic circle">Prague circle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Systemic_functional_linguistics" title="Systemic functional linguistics">Systemic functional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usage-based_models_of_language" title="Usage-based models of language">Usage-based</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Structural_linguistics" title="Structural linguistics">Structuralism</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Autonomy_of_syntax" title="Autonomy of syntax">Autonomy of syntax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principle_of_compositionality" title="Principle of compositionality">Compositionality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_and_innovative_language" title="Conservative and innovative language">Conservative and innovative language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linguistic_description" title="Linguistic description">Descriptivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etymology" title="Etymology">Etymology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iconicity" title="Iconicity">Iconicity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internationalism_(linguistics)" title="Internationalism (linguistics)">Internationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_linguistics" title="Internet linguistics">Internet linguistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_linguistics" title="LGBTQ linguistics">LGBTQ linguistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Origin_of_language" title="Origin of language">Origin of language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orismology" title="Orismology">Orismology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthography" title="Orthography">Orthography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_linguistics" title="Philosophy of linguistics">Philosophy of linguistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linguistic_prescription" title="Linguistic prescription">Prescriptivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second-language_acquisition" title="Second-language acquisition">Second-language acquisition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theory_of_language" title="Theory of language">Theory of language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terminology" title="Terminology">Terminology</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Linguistics" title="Portal:Linguistics">Portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Linguistics" title="Template:Linguistics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Linguistics" title="Template talk:Linguistics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Linguistics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Linguistics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:FML_names-2.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/FML_names-2.png/300px-FML_names-2.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/FML_names-2.png/450px-FML_names-2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/FML_names-2.png/600px-FML_names-2.png 2x" data-file-width="722" data-file-height="288" /></a><figcaption>First/given, middle and last/family/surname with <a href="/wiki/John_Fitzgerald_Kennedy" class="mw-redirect" title="John Fitzgerald Kennedy">John Fitzgerald Kennedy</a> as example. This shows a structure typical for the <a href="/wiki/Anglosphere" title="Anglosphere">Anglosphere</a>, among others. Other cultures use other structures for full names.</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>personal name</b>, <b>full name</b> or <b>prosoponym</b> (from <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek" title="Ancient Greek">Ancient Greek</a> <i>prósōpon</i> – person, and <i>onoma</i> –name)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKeats-Rohan2007164-165_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKeats-Rohan2007164-165-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is the set of <a href="/wiki/Names" class="mw-redirect" title="Names">names</a> by which an individual person or animal is known. When taken together as a <a href="/wiki/Word-group" class="mw-redirect" title="Word-group">word-group</a>, they all relate to that one individual.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoom199679_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERoom199679-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In many cultures, the term is synonymous with the <i><a href="/wiki/Birth_name" title="Birth name">birth name</a></i> or <i><a href="/wiki/Legal_name" title="Legal name">legal name</a></i> of the individual. In <a href="/wiki/Linguistic" class="mw-redirect" title="Linguistic">linguistic</a> classification, personal names are studied within a specific <a href="/wiki/Onomastic" class="mw-redirect" title="Onomastic">onomastic</a> discipline, called <a href="/wiki/Anthroponymy" title="Anthroponymy">anthroponymy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoom19968_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERoom19968-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2023, aside from humans, dolphins and elephants have been known to use personal names. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Western_culture" title="Western culture">Western culture</a>, nearly all individuals possess at least one <i><a href="/wiki/Given_name" title="Given name">given name</a></i> (also known as a <i>first name</i>, <i>forename</i>, or <i>Christian name</i>), together with a <i><a href="/wiki/Surname" title="Surname">surname</a></i> (also known as a <i>last name</i> or <i>family name</i>). In the name "James Smith", for example, <i>James</i> is the first name and <i>Smith</i> is the surname. Surnames in the West generally indicate that the individual belongs to a family, a tribe, or a clan, although the exact relationships vary: they may be given at birth, taken upon adoption, <a href="/wiki/Maiden_and_married_names" title="Maiden and married names">changed upon marriage</a>, and so on. Where there are two or more given names, typically only one (in English-speaking cultures usually the first) is used in normal speech. </p><p>Another naming convention that is used mainly in the <a href="/wiki/Arab_culture" title="Arab culture">Arabic culture</a> and in different other areas across Africa and Asia is connecting the person's given name with a chain of names, starting with the name of the person's father and then the father's father and so on, usually ending with the family name (tribe or clan name). However, the legal full name of a person usually contains the first three names (given name, father's name, father's father's name) and the family name at the end, to limit the name in government-issued ID. Men's names and women's names are constructed using the same convention, and a person's name is not altered if they are married.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some cultures, including Western ones, also add (or once added) <a href="/wiki/Patronymic" title="Patronymic">patronymics</a> or <a href="/wiki/Matronymic" title="Matronymic">matronymics</a>, for instance as a middle name as with <a href="/wiki/Pyotr_Ilyich_Tchaikovsky" title="Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky">Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky</a> (whose father's given name was Ilya), or as a last name as with <a href="/wiki/Bj%C3%B6rk_Gu%C3%B0mundsd%C3%B3ttir" class="mw-redirect" title="Björk Guðmundsdóttir">Björk Guðmundsdóttir</a> (whose father is named <a href="/wiki/Gu%C3%B0mundur_Gunnarsson" title="Guðmundur Gunnarsson">Guðmundur</a>) or <a href="/wiki/Hei%C3%B0ar_Helguson" title="Heiðar Helguson">Heiðar Helguson</a> (whose mother was named Helga). Similar concepts are present in <a href="/wiki/Eastern_world" title="Eastern world">Eastern</a> cultures. However, in some areas of the world, many people are known by a single name, and so are said to be <a href="/wiki/Mononymous_person" class="mw-redirect" title="Mononymous person">mononymous</a>. Still other cultures lack the concept of specific, fixed names designating people, either individually or collectively. Certain isolated tribes, such as the <a href="/wiki/Machiguenga_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Machiguenga people">Machiguenga</a> of the Amazon, do not use personal names.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>i<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A person's personal name is usually their full <a href="/wiki/Legal_name" title="Legal name">legal name</a>; however, some people use only part of their full legal name, a <a href="/wiki/Title" title="Title">title</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nickname" title="Nickname">nickname</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pseudonym" title="Pseudonym">pseudonym</a> or other chosen name that is different from their legal name, and reserve their legal name for legal and administrative purposes. </p><p>It is nearly universal for people to have names; the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> <a href="/wiki/Convention_on_the_Rights_of_the_Child" title="Convention on the Rights of the Child">Convention on the Rights of the Child</a> declares that a child has the right to a name from birth.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Structure_in_humans">Structure in humans</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Personal_name&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Structure in humans"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Personal_name" title="Special:EditPage/Personal name">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2020</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Common components of names given at birth can include: </p> <ul><li>Personal name: The <a href="/wiki/Given_name" title="Given name">given name</a> (or acquired name in some cultures) can precede a <a href="/wiki/Family_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Family name">family name</a> (as in most European cultures), or it can come after the family name (as in some East Asian cultures and Hungary), or be used without a family name.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patronymic" title="Patronymic">Patronymic</a>: A surname based on the given name of the father.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matronymic" title="Matronymic">Matronymic</a>: A surname based on the given name of the mother.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Family name">Family name</a>: A name used by all members of a family. In China, surnames gradually came into common use beginning in the 3rd century BC (having been common only among the nobility before that). In some areas of East Asia (e.g. Korea and Vietnam), surnames developed in the next several centuries, while in other areas (like Japan), surnames did not become prevalent until the 19th century. In Europe, after the loss of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_naming_conventions" title="Roman naming conventions">Roman system</a>, the common use of family names started quite early in some areas (France in the 13th century, and Germany in the 16th century), but it often did not happen until much later in areas that used a patronymic naming custom, such as the <a href="/wiki/Scandinavia" title="Scandinavia">Scandinavian</a> countries, Wales, and some areas of Germany, as well as Russia and Ukraine. The compulsory use of surnames varied greatly. France required a priest to write surnames in baptismal records in 1539 (but did not require surnames for Jews, who usually used <a href="/wiki/Patronymic" title="Patronymic">patronymics</a>, until 1808). On the other hand, surnames were not compulsory in the Scandinavian countries until the 19th or 20th century (1923 in Norway), and Iceland still <a href="/wiki/Icelandic_name" title="Icelandic name">does not use surnames</a> for its native inhabitants. In most of the cultures of the Middle East and South Asia, surnames were not generally used until European influence took hold in the 19th century.</li></ul> <p>In Spain and most Latin American countries, two surnames are used, one being the father's family name and the other being the mother's family name. In Spain, the second surname is sometimes informally used alone if the first one is too common to allow an easy identification. For example, former Spanish Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Luis_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Zapatero" title="José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero">José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero</a> is often called just <i>Zapatero</i>. In Argentina, only the father's last name is used, in most cases. </p><p>In Portugal, Brazil and most other Portuguese-speaking countries, at least two surnames are used, often three or four, typically some or none inherited from the mother and some or all inherited from the father, in that order. Co-parental siblings most often share an identical string of surnames. For collation, shortening, and formal addressing, the last of these surnames is typically preferred. A Portuguese person named António de Oliveira Guterres would therefore be known commonly as António Guterres. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Slavic_naming_customs" title="Eastern Slavic naming customs">Russia</a>, the first name and family name conform to the usual Western practice, but the middle name is <a href="/wiki/Patronymic" title="Patronymic">patronymic</a>. Thus, all the children of Ivan Volkov would be named "[first name] Ivanovich Volkov" if male, or "[first name] Ivanovna Volkova" if female (-ovich meaning "son of", -ovna meaning "daughter of",<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and -a usually being appended to the surnames of girls). However, in formal Russian name order, the surname comes first, followed by the given name and patronymic, such as "Raskolnikov Rodion Romanovich".<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In many families, single or multiple <a href="/wiki/Middle_name" title="Middle name">middle names</a> are simply alternative names, names honoring an ancestor or relative, or, for married women, sometimes their maiden names. In some traditions, however, the roles of the first and middle given names are reversed, with the first given name being used to honor a family member and the middle name being used as the usual method to address someone informally. Many <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic</a> families choose a <a href="/wiki/Saint" title="Saint">saint</a>'s name as their child's middle name or this can be left until the child's <a href="/wiki/Confirmation_(sacrament)" class="mw-redirect" title="Confirmation (sacrament)">confirmation</a> when they choose a saint's name for themselves. Cultures that use <a href="/wiki/Patronymic" title="Patronymic">patronymics</a> or <a href="/wiki/Matronymic" title="Matronymic">matronymics</a> will often give middle names to distinguish between two similarly named people: e.g., Einar Karl Stefánsson and Einar Guðmundur Stefánsson. This is especially done in Iceland (as shown in example) where people are known and referred to almost exclusively by their given name/s. </p><p>Some people (called <i>anonyms</i>) choose to be <a href="/wiki/Anonymity" title="Anonymity">anonymous</a>, that is, to hide their true names, for fear of governmental prosecution or social ridicule of their works or actions. Another method to disguise one's identity is to employ a <a href="/wiki/Pseudonym" title="Pseudonym">pseudonym</a>. </p><p>For some people, their name is a single word, known as a <a href="/wiki/Mononym" title="Mononym">mononym</a>. This can be true from birth, or occur later in life. For example, <a href="/wiki/Teller_(entertainer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Teller (entertainer)">Teller</a>, of the magician duo <a href="/wiki/Penn_and_Teller" class="mw-redirect" title="Penn and Teller">Penn and Teller</a>, was named Raymond Joseph Teller at birth, but changed his name both legally and socially to be simply "Teller". In some official government documents, such as his <a href="/wiki/Driver%27s_license" title="Driver's license">driver's license</a>, his given name is listed as <i>NFN</i>, an initialism for "no first name". </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Inuit" title="Inuit">Inuit</a> believe that the <a href="/wiki/Soul_(spirit)" class="mw-redirect" title="Soul (spirit)">souls</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Namesake" title="Namesake">namesakes</a> are one, so they traditionally refer to the junior namesakes, not just by the names (<i>atiq</i>), but also by <a href="/wiki/Kinship" title="Kinship">kinship</a> title, which applies across gender and generation without implications of disrespect or seniority. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a>, someone's name is considered intimately connected with their fate, and adding a name (e.g. on the sickbed) may avert a particular danger. Among <a href="/wiki/Ashkenazi_Jews" title="Ashkenazi Jews">Ashkenazi Jews</a> it is also considered bad luck to take the name of a living ancestor, as the <a href="/wiki/Personifications_of_death#In_Judaism" title="Personifications of death">Angel of Death</a> may mistake the younger person for their namesake (although there is no such custom among <a href="/wiki/Sephardi_Jews" class="mw-redirect" title="Sephardi Jews">Sephardi Jews</a>). Jews may also have a Jewish name for intra-community use and use a different name when engaging with the <a href="/wiki/Goyim" class="mw-redirect" title="Goyim">Gentile</a> world. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Chinese_emperor" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese emperor">Chinese</a> and <a href="/wiki/Japanese_emperor" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese emperor">Japanese emperors</a> receive <a href="/wiki/Posthumous_name" title="Posthumous name">posthumous names</a>. </p><p>In some <a href="/wiki/Polynesian_culture" title="Polynesian culture">Polynesian cultures</a>, the name of a deceased chief becomes <a href="/wiki/Taboo" title="Taboo">taboo</a>. If he is named after a common object or concept, a different word has to be used for it. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Cameroon" title="Cameroon">Cameroon</a>, there is "a great deal of mobility" within naming structure. Some Cameroonians, particularly Anglophone Cameroonians, use "a characteristic sequencing" starting with a first surname, followed by a forename then a second surname (e.g. Awanto Josephine Nchang), while others begin with a forename followed by first and then second surnames (e.g. Josephine Awanto Nchang). The latter structure is rare in Francophone Cameroon, however, where a third structure prevails: First surname, second surname, forename (e.g. Awanto Nchang Josephine).<sup id="cite_ref-cameroon_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cameroon-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Depending on national convention, additional given names (and sometimes <a href="/wiki/Title" title="Title">titles</a>) are considered part of the name. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Feudal_names">Feudal names</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Personal_name&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Feudal names"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Disputed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-disputed" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/System-search.svg/45px-System-search.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/System-search.svg/68px-System-search.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/System-search.svg/90px-System-search.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section's <b>factual accuracy is <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Accuracy_dispute" title="Wikipedia:Accuracy dispute">disputed</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Relevant discussion may be found on the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Personal_name#Disputed" title="Talk:Personal name">talk page</a>. Please help to ensure that disputed statements are <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources">reliably sourced</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">February 2013</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Royal_family" title="Royal family">royalty</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nobility" title="Nobility">nobility</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Gentry" title="Gentry">gentry</a> of Europe traditionally have many names, including phrases for the lands that they own. The French developed the method of putting the term by which the person is referred in <a href="/wiki/Small_capital" class="mw-redirect" title="Small capital">small capital</a> letters. It is this habit which transferred to names of Eastern Asia, as seen below. An example is that of Marie-Joseph-Paul-Yves-Roch Gilbert du Motier, who is known as the <span style="font-variant:small-caps"><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_du_Motier,_marquis_de_La_Fayette" class="mw-redirect" title="Gilbert du Motier, marquis de La Fayette">Marquis de La Fayette</a></span>. He possessed both the lands of Motier and La Fayette. </p><p>The bare place name was used formerly to refer to the person who owned it, rather than the land itself (the word "Gloucester" in "What will Gloucester do?" meant the <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Gloucester" title="Duke of Gloucester">Duke of Gloucester</a>). As a development, the bare name of a ship in the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a> meant its captain (e.g., "Cressy didn't learn from Aboukir") while the name with an article referred to the ship (e.g., "The <i>Cressy</i> is foundering"). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Naming_conventions">Naming conventions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Personal_name&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Naming conventions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A personal naming system, or anthroponymic system, is a system describing the choice of personal name in a certain society. Personal names consist of one or more parts, such as <a href="/wiki/Given_name" title="Given name">given name</a>, <a href="/wiki/Surname" title="Surname">surname</a> and <a href="/wiki/Patronymic" title="Patronymic">patronymic</a>. Personal naming systems are studied within the field of <a href="/wiki/Anthroponymy" title="Anthroponymy">anthroponymy</a>. </p><p>In contemporary Western societies (except for Iceland, Hungary, and sometimes <a href="/wiki/Flanders" title="Flanders">Flanders</a>, depending on the occasion), the most common naming convention is that a person must have a <a href="/wiki/Given_name" title="Given name">given name</a>, which is usually gender-specific, followed by the parents' <a href="/wiki/Family_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Family name">family name</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Onomastic" class="mw-redirect" title="Onomastic">onomastic</a> terminology, given names of male persons are called <i>andronyms</i> (from <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek" title="Ancient Greek">Ancient Greek</a> ἀνήρ / man, and ὄνομα / name),<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoom19966_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERoom19966-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while given names of female persons are called <i>gynonyms</i> (from <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek" title="Ancient Greek">Ancient Greek</a> γυνή / woman, and ὄνομα / name).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarolini200591,_98_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarolini200591,_98-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some given names are bespoke, but most are repeated from earlier generations in the same culture. Many are drawn from mythology, some of which span multiple language areas. This has resulted in related names in different languages (e.g. <a href="/wiki/George_(given_name)" title="George (given name)">George</a>, <a href="/wiki/Georg_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Georg (disambiguation)">Georg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jorge" title="Jorge">Jorge</a>), which might be translated or might be maintained as immutable proper nouns. </p><p>In earlier times, Scandinavian countries followed patronymic naming, with people effectively called "X's son/daughter"; this is now the case only in Iceland and was recently re-introduced as an option in the <a href="/wiki/Faroe_Islands" title="Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</a>. It is legally possible in Finland as people of Icelandic ethnic naming are specifically named in the name law. When people of this name convert to standards of other cultures, the phrase is often condensed into one word, creating last names like Jacobsen (Jacob's Son). </p><p><br /> There is a range of personal naming systems:<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Binomial systems: apart from their given name, people are described by their surnames, which they obtain from one of their parents. Most modern European personal naming systems are of this type.</li> <li>Patronymic systems: apart from their given name, people are described by their <a href="/wiki/Patronymic" title="Patronymic">patronymics</a>, that is, given names (not surnames) of parents or other ancestors. Such systems were in wide use throughout Europe in the first millennium CE, but were replaced by binomial systems. The <a href="/wiki/Icelandic_name" title="Icelandic name">Icelandic system</a> is still patronymic.</li> <li>More complex systems like <a href="/wiki/Arabic_name" title="Arabic name">Arabic system</a>, consisting of <a href="/wiki/Paedonymic" class="mw-redirect" title="Paedonymic">paedonymic</a> (son's name), given name, patronymic and one or two <a href="/wiki/Byname" class="mw-redirect" title="Byname">bynames</a>.</li></ul> <p>Different cultures have different conventions for personal names. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="English-speaking_countries">English-speaking countries</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Personal_name&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: English-speaking countries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Generational_designation">Generational designation</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Personal_name&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Generational designation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When names are repeated across generations, the senior or junior generation (or both) may be designed with the <a href="/wiki/Suffix_(name)" title="Suffix (name)">name suffix</a> "Sr." or "Jr.", respectively (in the former case, retrospectively); or, more formally, by an <a href="/wiki/Ordinal_numeral" title="Ordinal numeral">ordinal</a> <a href="/wiki/Roman_number" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman number">Roman number</a> such as "I", "II" or "III". In the Catholic tradition, papal names are distinguished in sequence, and may be reused many times, such as <a href="/wiki/Antipope_John_XXIII" title="Antipope John XXIII">John XXIII</a> (the 23rd pope assuming the papal name "John"). </p><p>In the case of the American presidents <a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a> and his son <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a>, distinct middle initials serve this purpose instead, necessitating their more frequent use. The improvised and unofficial "Bush Sr." and "Bush Jr." were nevertheless tossed about in banter on many <a href="/wiki/Entertainment_journalism" title="Entertainment journalism">entertainment journalism</a> opinion panels; alternatively, they became distinguished merely as "W." and "H. W.". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Rank,_title,_honour,_accreditation,_and_affiliation"><span id="Rank.2C_title.2C_honour.2C_accreditation.2C_and_affiliation"></span>Rank, title, honour, accreditation, and affiliation</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Personal_name&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Rank, title, honour, accreditation, and affiliation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In formal address, personal names may be preceded by <a href="/wiki/Pre-nominal_letters" title="Pre-nominal letters">pre-nominal letters</a>, giving title (e.g. Dr., <a href="/wiki/Military_rank" title="Military rank">Captain</a>), or social rank, which is commonly gendered (e.g. Mr., Mrs., Ms., Miss.) and might additionally convey <a href="/wiki/Marital_status" title="Marital status">marital status</a>. Historically, professional titles such as "Doctor" and "Reverend" were largely confined to male professions, so these were implicitly gendered. </p><p>In formal address, personal names, inclusive of a generational designation, if any, may be followed by one or more <a href="/wiki/Post-nominal_letters" title="Post-nominal letters">post-nominal letters</a> giving office, honour, decoration, accreditation, or formal affiliation. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Name_order">Name order</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Personal_name&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Name order"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MomoiExpoCrop.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/MomoiExpoCrop.png/220px-MomoiExpoCrop.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="186" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/MomoiExpoCrop.png/330px-MomoiExpoCrop.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/MomoiExpoCrop.png/440px-MomoiExpoCrop.png 2x" data-file-width="1592" data-file-height="1344" /></a><figcaption>The name card of this Japanese voice actress features her name as "<a href="/wiki/Halko_Momoi" class="mw-redirect" title="Halko Momoi">Halko Momoi</a>", written in Western name order, whereas her name in Japanese, which uses Eastern order, would be <i>Momoi Haruko</i>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hazank_s_a_Kulfold-21_May_1865.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Hazank_s_a_Kulfold-21_May_1865.jpg/220px-Hazank_s_a_Kulfold-21_May_1865.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="308" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Hazank_s_a_Kulfold-21_May_1865.jpg/330px-Hazank_s_a_Kulfold-21_May_1865.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Hazank_s_a_Kulfold-21_May_1865.jpg/440px-Hazank_s_a_Kulfold-21_May_1865.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="2099" /></a><figcaption>In this Hungarian magazine, <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln">Abraham Lincoln</a>'s name is spelled in Eastern name order following contemporary practice,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as "<i>Lincoln Ábrahám</i>".</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Western_name_order">Western name order</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Personal_name&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Western name order"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Personal_name" title="Special:EditPage/Personal name">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The order <i>given name(s), family name</i> is commonly known as the <b>Western name order</b> and is usually used in Western European countries and in non-Western European countries that have cultures predominantly influenced by Western Europe (e.g. the United States, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand). It is also used in non-Western regions such as <a href="/wiki/North_India" title="North India">North</a>, <a href="/wiki/East_India" title="East India">East</a>, <a href="/wiki/Central_India" title="Central India">Central</a> and <a href="/wiki/Western_India" title="Western India">West India</a>; Pakistan; Bangladesh; Thailand; Saudi Arabia; Indonesia (non-traditional); Singapore; Malaysia (most of, non-traditional); and the Philippines. </p><p>Within alphabetic lists and catalogs, however, the family name is generally put first, with the given name(s) following and separated by a <a href="/wiki/Comma" title="Comma">comma</a> (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Steve_Jobs" title="Steve Jobs">Jobs, Steve</a>), representing the "lexical name order". This convention is followed by most Western libraries, as well as on many administrative forms. In some countries, such as France,<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or countries previously part of the former Soviet Union, the comma may be dropped and the swapped form of the name be uttered as such, perceived as a mark of bureaucratic formality. In the USSR and now Russia, personal initials are often written in the "family name - given name - patronymic name" order when signing official documents (<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <span lang="ru">ФИО</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Russian" title="Romanization of Russian">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Russian-language romanization"><i lang="ru-Latn">FIO</i></span>), e.g. "<a href="/wiki/Sergei_Rachmaninoff" title="Sergei Rachmaninoff">Rachmaninoff S.V.</a>". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Eastern_name_order">Eastern name order</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Personal_name&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Eastern name order"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The order <i>family name, given name</i>, commonly known as the <b>Eastern name order</b>, began to be prominently used in <a href="/wiki/Ancient_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient China">Ancient China</a><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and subsequently influenced the <a href="/wiki/East_Asian_cultural_sphere" class="mw-redirect" title="East Asian cultural sphere">East Asian cultural sphere</a> (<a href="/wiki/China_(region)" class="mw-redirect" title="China (region)">China</a>, Japan, Korea, and Vietnam) and particularly among the Chinese communities in Cambodia, Laos, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, or the Philippines. It is also used in the <a href="/wiki/South_India" title="South India">southern</a> and <a href="/wiki/Northeast_India" title="Northeast India">northeastern</a> parts of India, as well as in <a href="/wiki/Central_Europe" title="Central Europe">Central Europe</a> by <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a> and <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a>. In Uganda, the ordering "traditional family name first, Western origin given name second" is also frequently used.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When East Asian names are <a href="/wiki/Transliteration" title="Transliteration">transliterated</a> into the <a href="/wiki/Latin_alphabet" title="Latin alphabet">Latin alphabet</a>, some people prefer to convert them to the Western order, while others leave them in the Eastern order but write the family name in <a href="/wiki/Letter_case" title="Letter case">capital letters</a>. To avoid confusion, there is a convention in some language communities, e.g., French, that the family name should be written in all capitals when engaging in formal correspondence or writing for an international audience. In Hungarian, the Eastern order of Japanese names is officially kept, and Hungarian transliteration is used (e.g. <a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mijazaki_Hajao" class="extiw" title="hu:Mijazaki Hajao"><i>Mijazaki Hajao</i> in Hungarian</a>), but Western name order is also sometimes used with English transliteration (e.g. Hayao Miyazaki). This is also true for Hungarian names in Japanese, e.g. <a href="/wiki/Ferenc_Pusk%C3%A1s" title="Ferenc Puskás">Ferenc Puskás</a> (Japanese: <span lang="ja">プシュカーシュ・フェレンツ</span>, written in the same Eastern order "Puskás Ferenc"). </p><p>Starting from the <a href="/wiki/Meiji_Restoration" title="Meiji Restoration">Meiji Restoration</a> in 1868, the Western name order was primarily used among the Japanese nobility when identifying themselves to non-Asians with their <a href="/wiki/Romanization" title="Romanization">romanized</a> names. As a result, in popular Western publications, this order became increasingly used for Japanese names in the subsequent decades.<sup id="cite_ref-Saeki_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Saeki-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2020, the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Japan" title="Government of Japan">Government of Japan</a> reverted the Westernized name order back to the Eastern name order in official documents (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Identity_documents" class="mw-redirect" title="Identity documents">identity documents</a>, <a href="/wiki/Academic_certificate" title="Academic certificate">academic certificates</a>, <a href="/wiki/Birth_certificates" class="mw-redirect" title="Birth certificates">birth certificates</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marriage_certificate" title="Marriage certificate">marriage certificates</a>, among others), which means writing family name first in capital letters and has recommended that the same format be used among the general Japanese public.<sup id="cite_ref-JPN_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JPN-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Japan has also requested Western publications to respect this change, such as not using <a href="/wiki/Shinzo_Abe" title="Shinzo Abe">Shinzo Abe</a> but rather Abe Shinzo, similar to how Chinese leader <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a> is not referred to as Jinping Xi.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its sluggish response by Western publications was met with ire by Japanese politician <a href="/wiki/Taro_Kono" title="Taro Kono">Taro Kono</a>, who stated that "If you can write <a href="/wiki/Moon_Jae-in" title="Moon Jae-in">Moon Jae-in</a> and <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a> in correct order, you can surely write Abe Shinzo the same way."<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="East_Asia">East Asia</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Personal_name&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: East Asia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Chinese, Koreans, and other East Asian peoples, except for those traveling or living outside of China and areas influenced by China, rarely reverse their Chinese and Korean language names to the Western naming order. Western publications also preserve this Eastern naming order for Chinese, Korean and other East Asian individuals, with the family name first, followed by the given name.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Chinese">Chinese</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Personal_name&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Chinese"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In China, <a href="/wiki/Cantonese" title="Cantonese">Cantonese</a> names of <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Hong Kong people">Hong Kong people</a> are usually written in the Eastern order with or without a comma (e.g. Bai Chiu En or Bai, Chiu En). Outside Hong Kong, they are usually written in Western order. Unlike other East Asian countries, the syllables or <a href="/wiki/Logograms" class="mw-redirect" title="Logograms">logograms</a> of given names are not hyphenated or compounded but instead separated by a space (e.g. Chiu En). Outside East Asia, it is often confused with the second syllables with middle names regardless of name order. Some computer systems could not handle given name inputs with space characters. </p><p>Some Chinese, Malaysians and Singaporeans may have an anglicised given name, which is always written in the Western order. The English and transliterated Chinese full names can be written in various orders. A hybrid order is preferred in official documents including the <a href="/wiki/Legislative_Council_(Hong_Kong)" class="mw-redirect" title="Legislative Council (Hong Kong)">legislative</a> records in the case for Hong Kong. </p><p>Examples of the hybrid order goes in the form of Hong Kong actor “<a href="/wiki/Tony_Leung_Chiu-wai" title="Tony Leung Chiu-wai">Tony Leung Chiu-wai</a>” or Singapore Prime Minister "<a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Wong_Shyun_Tsai" class="mw-redirect" title="Lawrence Wong Shyun Tsai">Lawrence Wong Shyun Tsai</a>", with family names (in the example, Leung and Wong) shared in the middle. Therefore, the anglicised names are written in the Western order (Tony Leung, Lawrence Wong) and the Chinese names are written in the Eastern order (Leung Chiu-wai, 梁朝偉; Wong Shyun Tsai, 黄循财). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Japanese">Japanese</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Personal_name&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Japanese"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Japanese use the Eastern naming order (family name followed by given name). In contrast to China and Korea, due to familiarity, Japanese names of contemporary people are usually "switched" when people who have such names are mentioned in media in Western countries; for example, <i>Koizumi Jun'ichirō</i> is known as <a href="/wiki/Junichiro_Koizumi" title="Junichiro Koizumi">Junichiro Koizumi</a> in English. Japan has requested that Western publications cease this practice of placing their names in the Western name order and revert to the Eastern name order.<sup id="cite_ref-JPN_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JPN-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Mongolian">Mongolian</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Personal_name&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Mongolian"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Mongols" title="Mongols">Mongols</a> use the Eastern naming order (<a href="/wiki/Patronymic" title="Patronymic">patronymic</a> followed by given name), which is also used there when rendering the names of other East Asians. However, Russian and other Western names (with the exception of Hungarian names) are still written in Western order. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="South_India">South India</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Personal_name&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: South India"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Telugu">Telugu</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Personal_name&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Telugu"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Telugu_people" title="Telugu people">Telugu people</a> from <a href="/wiki/Andhra_Pradesh" title="Andhra Pradesh">Andhra Pradesh</a> and <a href="/wiki/Telangana" title="Telangana">Telangana</a> traditionally use <i>family name, given name</i> order.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The family name first format is different from <a href="/wiki/North_India" title="North India">North India</a> where family name typically appears last or other parts of South India where <a href="/wiki/Patronymic" title="Patronymic">patronymic</a> names are widely used instead of family names.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Tamil">Tamil</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Personal_name&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Tamil"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Indian_name#Tamil" title="Indian name">Indian name § Tamil</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Tamil_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamil people">Tamil people</a>, generally those of younger generations, do not employ <a href="/wiki/Caste" title="Caste">caste</a> names as surnames. This came into common use in India and also the <a href="/wiki/Tamil_diaspora" title="Tamil diaspora">Tamil diaspora</a> in nations like Singapore after the <a href="/wiki/Dravidian_movement" title="Dravidian movement">Dravidian movement</a> in 1930s, when the <a href="/wiki/Self_respect_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Self respect movement">Self respect movement</a> in the 1950s and 1960s campaigned against the use of one's caste<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as part of the name. Patronymic naming system is: apart from their given name, people are described by their patronymic, that is given names (not surnames) of their father. Older generations used the initials system where the father's given name appears as an initial, for eg: <a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a> <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hindu</a> people's names simply use initials as a prefix instead of <a href="/wiki/Patronymic#India" title="Patronymic">Patronymic suffix</a> (father's given name) and the initials is/ are prefixed or listed first and then followed by the son's/ daughter's given name. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Sex </th> <th>Person's<br />given name </th> <th>Father's<br />given name </th> <th>Patronymic<br />initials prefix<br />naming system </th> <th>Patronymic<br />suffix<br />naming system </th> <th>Meaning </th></tr> <tr> <td>Male </td> <td>Rajeev </td> <td>Suresh </td> <td>S. Rajeev </td> <td>Rajeev Suresh </td> <td>Rajeev son of Suresh </td></tr> <tr> <td>Female </td> <td>Meena </td> <td>Suresh </td> <td>S. Meena </td> <td>Meena Suresh </td> <td>Meena daughter of Suresh </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>One system used for naming,<sup id="cite_ref-Karunanidhi_family_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Karunanidhi_family-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> using only given names (without using family name or surname) is as below: for Tamil Hindu son's name using the initials<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> system: S. Rajeev: (initial S for father's given name Suresh and Rajeev is the son's given name). The same Tamil Hindu name using <a href="/wiki/Patronymic#India" title="Patronymic">Patronymic suffix</a> last name system is Rajeev Suresh meaning Rajeev son of Suresh (Rajeev (first is son's given name) followed by Suresh (father's given name)). As a result, unlike surnames, while using patronymic suffix the same last name will not pass down through many generations. For Tamil Hindu daughters, the initials naming<sup id="cite_ref-Karunanidhi_family_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Karunanidhi_family-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> system is the same, eg: S. Meena. Using the <a href="/wiki/Patronymic#India" title="Patronymic">Patronymic suffix</a> system it is Meena Suresh: meaning Meena daughter of Suresh; Meena (first is daughter's given name) followed by Suresh (father's given name). As a result, unlike surnames, while using patronymic suffix the same last name will not pass down through many generations. And after marriage<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the wife may or may not take her husband's given name as her last name instead of her father's. Eg: after marriage, Meena Jagadish: meaning Meena wife of Jagadish: Meena (first is wife's given name) followed by Jagadish (husband's given name). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Hungary">Hungary</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Personal_name&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Hungary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_names" title="Hungarian names">Hungarian names</a></div> <p>Hungary is one of the few Western countries to use the Eastern naming order where the given name is placed after the family name.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Mordvin">Mordvin</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Personal_name&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Mordvin"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Mordvins" title="Mordvins">Mordvins</a> use two names – a Mordvin name and a Russian name. The Mordvin name is written in the Eastern name order. Usually, the Mordvin surname is the same as the Russian surname, for example Sharononj Sandra (Russian: <a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Sharonov" title="Aleksandr Sharonov">Aleksandr Sharonov</a>), but it can be different at times, for example <a href="/wiki/Yovlan_Olo" class="mw-redirect" title="Yovlan Olo">Yovlan Olo</a> (Russian: Vladimir Romashkin). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Romania">Romania</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Personal_name&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Romania"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Romanian_name" title="Romanian name">Romanian name</a></div> <p>In official documents as well as in verbal speech, the Family name comes in first before the Given name when the full name is spelled out. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="South_Estonian">South Estonian</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Personal_name&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: South Estonian"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/South_Estonian" title="South Estonian">South Estonian</a> the names are written in the Eastern name order. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Non-human_personal_names">Non-human personal names</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Personal_name&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Non-human personal names"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Animal_names_for_each_other">Animal names for each other</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Personal_name&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Animal names for each other"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In a 2006 study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences researchers from the University of North Carolina Wilmington studying <a href="/wiki/Bottlenose_dolphin" title="Bottlenose dolphin">bottlenose dolphins</a> in Sarasota Bay, Florida, found that the dolphins had names for each other.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A dolphin chooses its name as an infant.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to a 2024 article of a study of elephant calls in <a href="/wiki/Amboseli_National_Park" title="Amboseli National Park">Amboseli National Park</a>, Kenya and <a href="/wiki/Samburu_National_Reserve" title="Samburu National Reserve">Samburu National Reserve</a> and <a href="/wiki/Buffalo_Springs_National_Reserve" title="Buffalo Springs National Reserve">Buffalo Springs National Reserves</a> between 1986 and 2022 done with machine learning, elephants learn, recognize and use individualized name-like calls.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Names_of_pets">Names of pets</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Personal_name&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Names of pets"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The practice of naming pets dates back at least to the 23rd century BC. An Egyptian inscription from that period mentions a dog named <a href="/wiki/Abuwtiyuw" title="Abuwtiyuw">Abuwtiyuw</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many pet owners give human names to their pets. This has been shown to reflect the owner having a human-like relationship with the pet.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEldridge2003_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEldridge2003-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The name given to a pet may refer to its appearance<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEldridge2003_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEldridge2003-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or personality,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEldridge2003_36-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEldridge2003-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or be chosen for <a href="/wiki/Endearment" class="mw-redirect" title="Endearment">endearment</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEldridge2003_36-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEldridge2003-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or in honor of a favorite <a href="/wiki/Celebrity" title="Celebrity">celebrity</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pet names often reflect the owner's view of the animal, and the expectations they may have for it.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dog <a href="/wiki/Animal_breeding" title="Animal breeding">breeders</a> often choose specific themes for their names, sometimes based on the number of the <a href="/wiki/Litter_(zoology)" title="Litter (zoology)">litter</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In some countries, like Germany or Austria, names are chosen alphabetically, with names starting with 'A' for puppies from the first litter, 'B' for the second litter, and so on. A puppy called "Dagmar" would belong to a fourth litter. Dog owners can choose to keep the original name, or rename their pet.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It has been argued that the giving of names to their pets allows researchers to view their pets as <a href="/wiki/Ontologically" class="mw-redirect" title="Ontologically">ontologically</a> different from unnamed <a href="/wiki/Laboratory_animal" class="mw-redirect" title="Laboratory animal">laboratory animals</a> with which they work.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Personal_name&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Given_name" title="Given name">Given name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mononym" title="Mononym">Mononym</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Married_and_maiden_names" class="mw-redirect" title="Married and maiden names">Married and maiden names</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Posthumous_name" title="Posthumous name">Posthumous name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_name" title="Temple name">Temple name</a></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Personal_name&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-roman"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Machiguenga may have nicknames, but generally refer to each other by how they are related. They may disambiguate with biographical information, such as "sister, the one who slipped in the river".<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Personal_name&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKeats-Rohan2007164-165-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKeats-Rohan2007164-165_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKeats-Rohan2007">Keats-Rohan 2007</a>, p. 164-165.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERoom199679-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoom199679_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRoom1996">Room 1996</a>, p. 79.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERoom19968-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoom19968_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRoom1996">Room 1996</a>, p. 8.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFNotzonNesom2005" class="citation journal cs1">Notzon, Beth; Nesom, Gayle (February 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220930214215/https://www.councilscienceeditors.org/wp-content/uploads/v28n1p020-021.pdf">"The Arabic Naming System"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Science Editor</i>. <b>28</b> (1): 20–21. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.councilscienceeditors.org/wp-content/uploads/v28n1p020-021.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 30 September 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science+Editor&rft.atitle=The+Arabic+Naming+System&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=20-21&rft.date=2005-02&rft.aulast=Notzon&rft.aufirst=Beth&rft.au=Nesom%2C+Gayle&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.councilscienceeditors.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2Fv28n1p020-021.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APersonal+name" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSnell1964" class="citation book cs1">Snell, Wayne W. (1964). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PDFtNwAACAAJ"><i>Kinship relations in Machiguenga</i></a>. Hartford Seminary Foundation. pp. 17–25.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kinship+relations+in+Machiguenga&rft.pages=17-25&rft.pub=Hartford+Seminary+Foundation&rft.date=1964&rft.aulast=Snell&rft.aufirst=Wayne+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPDFtNwAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APersonal+name" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnson2003" class="citation book cs1">Johnson, Allen W. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_JXC70OnxEgC"><i>Families of the forest: the Matsigenka Indians of the Peruvian Amazon</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_California_Press" title="University of California Press">University of California Press</a>. pp. 9–10. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-23242-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-23242-6"><bdi>978-0-520-23242-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Families+of+the+forest%3A+the+Matsigenka+Indians+of+the+Peruvian+Amazon&rft.pages=9-10&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-520-23242-6&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=Allen+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_JXC70OnxEgC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APersonal+name" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ohchr.org/EN/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/CRC.aspx">Text of the Convention on the Rights of the Child</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150113092120/http://www.ohchr.org/en/professionalinterest/pages/crc.aspx">Archived</a> 13 January 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Adopted and opened for signature, ratification and accession by General Assembly resolution 44/25 of 20 November 1989 entry into force 2 September 1990, in accordance with article 49, Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.russlandjournal.de/en/learn-russian/russian-names/">"Russian Names"</a>. <i>Russland Journal</i>. October 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210709183540/https://www.russlandjournal.de/en/learn-russian/russian-names/">Archived</a> from the original on 9 July 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Russland+Journal&rft.atitle=Russian+Names&rft.date=2007-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.russlandjournal.de%2Fen%2Flearn-russian%2Frussian-names%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APersonal+name" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaiburin" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Baiburin, Albert. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230426210917/https://arzamas.academy/materials/1554">"Как появилась формула "фамилия — имя — отчество"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a> ["How the formula of surname-given name-patronymic came to be]. <i>Arzamas Academy</i> (in Russian). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arzamas.academy/materials/1554">the original</a> on 26 April 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Arzamas+Academy&rft.atitle=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BA+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%8F%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8C+%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0+%22%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F+%E2%80%94+%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%8F+%E2%80%94+%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE%22&rft.aulast=Baiburin&rft.aufirst=Albert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farzamas.academy%2Fmaterials%2F1554&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APersonal+name" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cameroon-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cameroon_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKouega2007" class="citation journal cs1">Kouega, Jean-Paul (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aaref.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/23-4.pdf">"Forenames in Cameroon English speech"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>The International Journal of Language Society and Culture</i> (23): 33. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240304082040/https://aaref.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/23-4.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 4 March 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 February</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+International+Journal+of+Language+Society+and+Culture&rft.atitle=Forenames+in+Cameroon+English+speech&rft.issue=23&rft.pages=33&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Kouega&rft.aufirst=Jean-Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Faaref.com.au%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2018%2F05%2F23-4.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APersonal+name" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERoom19966-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoom19966_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRoom1996">Room 1996</a>, p. 6.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarolini200591,_98-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarolini200591,_98_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBarolini2005">Barolini 2005</a>, p. 91, 98.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHanksParkin2016" class="citation book cs1">Hanks, Patrick; Parkin, Harry (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=S8DQCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA214">"Family names"</a>. In Carole Hough (ed.). <i>The Oxford Handbook of Names and Naming</i>. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 214. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780191630415" title="Special:BookSources/9780191630415"><bdi>9780191630415</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Family+names&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Handbook+of+Names+and+Naming&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=214&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=9780191630415&rft.aulast=Hanks&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rft.au=Parkin%2C+Harry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DS8DQCwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA214&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APersonal+name" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fL-rD_FZKBcC&pg=PA15&dq=%22%27A+k%C3%BClf%C3%B6ldi+tulajdonneveket+teh%C3%A1t+rendesen+a+magyar+nyelvszok%C3%A1s+szerint%2C+a+keresztn%C3%A9v+ut%C3%A1nt%C3%A9tel%C3%A9vel+%C3%ADrjuk+le%27%22">A Magyar helyesírás Elvei és szabályai (1879). </a></i> at <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apprendre.tv5monde.com/en/aides/cultures-giving-your-surname-and-given-name-correct-order">"Culture(s) / Giving your surname and given name in the correct order"</a>. <i>TV5MONDE: learn French</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231115020123/https://apprendre.tv5monde.com/en/aides/cultures-giving-your-surname-and-given-name-correct-order">Archived</a> from the original on 15 November 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TV5MONDE%3A+learn+French&rft.atitle=Culture%28s%29+%2F+Giving+your+surname+and+given+name+in+the+correct+order&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapprendre.tv5monde.com%2Fen%2Faides%2Fcultures-giving-your-surname-and-given-name-correct-order&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APersonal+name" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://culturalatlas.sbs.com.au/chinese-culture/chinese-culture-naming">"Chinese Culture"</a>. <i>culturalatlas.sbs.com.au</i>. Cultural Atlas. January 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220526060636/https://culturalatlas.sbs.com.au/chinese-culture/chinese-culture-naming">Archived</a> from the original on 26 May 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=culturalatlas.sbs.com.au&rft.atitle=Chinese+Culture&rft.date=2021-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fculturalatlas.sbs.com.au%2Fchinese-culture%2Fchinese-culture-naming&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APersonal+name" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/oped/commentary/what-order-of-your-name-s-says-about-state-of-our-education-system-1824954">What order of your name(s) says about state of our education system</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220821094851/https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/oped/commentary/what-order-of-your-name-s-says-about-state-of-our-education-system-1824954">Archived</a> 21 August 2022 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/oped/commentary/what-order-of-your-name-s-says-about-state-of-our-education-part-ii-1826366">Part 2</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230421211159/https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/oped/commentary/what-order-of-your-name-s-says-about-state-of-our-education-part-ii-1826366">Archived</a> 21 April 2023 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Daily_Monitor" title="Daily Monitor">Daily Monitor</a></i> May 2019</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Saeki-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Saeki_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSaeki2001" class="citation book cs1">Saeki, Shizuka (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20020627042648/http://www.lookjapan.com/LBsc/01JunFacts.htm"><i>First Name Terms</i></a>. Vol. 47. <a href="/wiki/Look_Japan" title="Look Japan">Look Japan</a>. p. 35. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lookjapan.com/LBsc/01JunFacts.htm">the original</a> on 27 June 2002.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=First+Name+Terms&rft.pages=35&rft.pub=Look+Japan&rft.date=2001&rft.aulast=Saeki&rft.aufirst=Shizuka&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lookjapan.com%2FLBsc%2F01JunFacts.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APersonal+name" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JPN-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-JPN_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JPN_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kantei.go.jp/jp/singi/seimei_romaji/pdf/moshiawase.pdf">"公用文等における日本人の姓名のローマ字表記について"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Press release). 文化庁国語課. 25 October 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201118160109/https://www.kantei.go.jp/jp/singi/seimei_romaji/pdf/moshiawase.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 18 November 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E5%85%AC%E7%94%A8%E6%96%87%E7%AD%89%E3%81%AB%E3%81%8A%E3%81%91%E3%82%8B%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E4%BA%BA%E3%81%AE%E5%A7%93%E5%90%8D%E3%81%AE%E3%83%AD%E3%83%BC%E3%83%9E%E5%AD%97%E8%A1%A8%E8%A8%98%E3%81%AB%E3%81%A4%E3%81%84%E3%81%A6&rft.pub=%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%BA%81%E5%9B%BD%E8%AA%9E%E8%AA%B2&rft.date=2019-10-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kantei.go.jp%2Fjp%2Fsingi%2Fseimei_romaji%2Fpdf%2Fmoshiawase.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APersonal+name" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJames_Griffiths2019" class="citation web cs1">James Griffiths (22 May 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edition.cnn.com/2019/05/21/asia/japan-name-abe-shinzo-intl/index.html">"Japan wants you to say its leader's name correctly: Abe Shinzo"</a>. <i>CNN</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220622134829/https://edition.cnn.com/2019/05/21/asia/japan-name-abe-shinzo-intl/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 22 June 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Japan+wants+you+to+say+its+leader%27s+name+correctly%3A+Abe+Shinzo&rft.date=2019-05-22&rft.au=James+Griffiths&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2019%2F05%2F21%2Fasia%2Fjapan-name-abe-shinzo-intl%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APersonal+name" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTiezzi2020" class="citation web cs1">Tiezzi, Shannon (3 September 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thediplomat.com/2020/09/abe-shinzo-or-shinzo-abe-whats-in-a-name/">"Abe Shinzo or Shinzo Abe: What's in a Name?"</a>. <i>thediplomat.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220707020223/https://thediplomat.com/2020/09/abe-shinzo-or-shinzo-abe-whats-in-a-name/">Archived</a> from the original on 7 July 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=thediplomat.com&rft.atitle=Abe+Shinzo+or+Shinzo+Abe%3A+What%27s+in+a+Name%3F&rft.date=2020-09-03&rft.aulast=Tiezzi&rft.aufirst=Shannon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthediplomat.com%2F2020%2F09%2Fabe-shinzo-or-shinzo-abe-whats-in-a-name%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APersonal+name" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTerry2002" class="citation book cs1">Terry, Edith (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/howasiagotrichja0000terr"><i>How Asia Got Rich: Japan, China and the Asian Miracle</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/M.E._Sharpe" class="mw-redirect" title="M.E. Sharpe">M.E. Sharpe</a>. p. 632. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780765603562" title="Special:BookSources/9780765603562"><bdi>9780765603562</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=How+Asia+Got+Rich%3A+Japan%2C+China+and+the+Asian+Miracle&rft.pages=632&rft.pub=M.E.+Sharpe&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=9780765603562&rft.aulast=Terry&rft.aufirst=Edith&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhowasiagotrichja0000terr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APersonal+name" class="Z3988"></span> - See article: <i><a href="/wiki/How_Asia_Got_Rich" title="How Asia Got Rich">How Asia Got Rich</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrown1857" class="citation book cs1">Brown, Charles Philip (1857). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pnAIAAAAQAAJ&q=name"><i>A Grammar of the Telugu Language</i></a>. printed at the Christian Knowledge Society's Press. p. 209.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Grammar+of+the+Telugu+Language&rft.pages=209&rft.pub=printed+at+the+Christian+Knowledge+Society%27s+Press&rft.date=1857&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Charles+Philip&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DpnAIAAAAQAAJ%26q%3Dname&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APersonal+name" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAgency1964" class="citation book cs1">Agency, United States Central Intelligence (1964). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=P6UfAAAAMAAJ&q=reverse"><i>Telugu Personal Names</i></a>. Central Intelligence Agency. p. 5.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Telugu+Personal+Names&rft.pages=5&rft.pub=Central+Intelligence+Agency&rft.date=1964&rft.aulast=Agency&rft.aufirst=United+States+Central+Intelligence&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DP6UfAAAAMAAJ%26q%3Dreverse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APersonal+name" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKrishnaswamy2002" class="citation book cs1">Krishnaswamy, M. V. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_wJuAAAAMAAJ&q=surnames+dravidian+movement"><i>In Quest of Dravidian Roots in South Africa</i></a>. International School of Dravidian Linguistics. p. 274. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-85692-32-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-85692-32-6"><bdi>978-81-85692-32-6</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230512004228/https://books.google.com/books?id=_wJuAAAAMAAJ&q=surnames+dravidian+movement">Archived</a> from the original on 12 May 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=In+Quest+of+Dravidian+Roots+in+South+Africa&rft.pages=274&rft.pub=International+School+of+Dravidian+Linguistics&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-81-85692-32-6&rft.aulast=Krishnaswamy&rft.aufirst=M.+V.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_wJuAAAAMAAJ%26q%3Dsurnames%2Bdravidian%2Bmovement&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APersonal+name" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSolomon2016" class="citation book cs1">Solomon, John (31 March 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sRXeCwAAQBAJ&dq=caste+names+dravidian+movement&pg=PT240"><i>A Subaltern History of the Indian Diaspora in Singapore: The Gradual Disappearance of Untouchability 1872-1965</i></a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-317-35380-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-317-35380-5"><bdi>978-1-317-35380-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230512004227/https://books.google.com/books?id=sRXeCwAAQBAJ&dq=caste+names+dravidian+movement&pg=PT240">Archived</a> from the original on 12 May 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Subaltern+History+of+the+Indian+Diaspora+in+Singapore%3A+The+Gradual+Disappearance+of+Untouchability+1872-1965&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2016-03-31&rft.isbn=978-1-317-35380-5&rft.aulast=Solomon&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DsRXeCwAAQBAJ%26dq%3Dcaste%2Bnames%2Bdravidian%2Bmovement%26pg%3DPT240&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APersonal+name" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Karunanidhi_family-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Karunanidhi_family_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Karunanidhi_family_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Note:*<a href="/wiki/M._Karunanidhi" title="M. Karunanidhi">M. Karunanidhi</a> is a former Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu. He uses the <a href="/wiki/Patronymic#India" title="Patronymic">initials</a> system for his name. His given name is Karunanidhi, his father's given name is Muthuvel, he uses as his name <a href="/wiki/Karunanidhi_family#List_of_Posts_held_by_the_family" title="Karunanidhi family">M. Karunanidhi.</a> <p>Note: *M.Karunanidhi's daughter <a href="/wiki/Kanimozhi_Karunanidhi" class="mw-redirect" title="Kanimozhi Karunanidhi">Kanimozhi Karunanidhi</a> uses the <a href="/wiki/Patronymic#India" title="Patronymic">patronymic suffix</a> naming system. Her given name is Kanimozhi, her father's given name is Karunanidhi, she uses as her name: <a href="/wiki/Karunanidhi_family#List_of_Posts_held_by_the_family" title="Karunanidhi family">Kanimozhi Karunanidhi.</a></p></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFS._A.2010" class="citation news cs1">S. A., Hariharan (4 April 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/open-page/first-name-middle-name-surname-real-name/article387414.ece">"First name, middle name, surname... real name?"</a>. <i>The Hindu</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141129185654/http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/open-page/first-name-middle-name-surname-real-name/article387414.ece">Archived</a> from the original on 29 November 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=First+name%2C+middle+name%2C+surname...+real+name%3F&rft.date=2010-04-04&rft.aulast=S.+A.&rft.aufirst=Hariharan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Fopinion%2Fopen-page%2Ffirst-name-middle-name-surname-real-name%2Farticle387414.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APersonal+name" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSharma2010" class="citation news cs1">Sharma, Kalpana (6 March 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/columns/Kalpana_Sharma/The-Other-Half-Whats-in-a-name/article16123574.ece">"The Other Half: What's in a name?"</a>. <i>The Hindu</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221130191504/https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/columns/Kalpana_Sharma/The-Other-Half-Whats-in-a-name/article16123574.ece">Archived</a> from the original on 30 November 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=The+Other+Half%3A+What%27s+in+a+name%3F&rft.date=2010-03-06&rft.aulast=Sharma&rft.aufirst=Kalpana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Fopinion%2Fcolumns%2FKalpana_Sharma%2FThe-Other-Half-Whats-in-a-name%2Farticle16123574.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APersonal+name" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSarkadii2022" class="citation web cs1">Sarkadii, Zsuzsanna (26 August 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hungariancitizenship.eu/blog/hungarian-names-a-quick-guide/">"Hungarian Names: A Quick Guide"</a>. <i>Hungarian Citizenship</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hungarian+Citizenship&rft.atitle=Hungarian+Names%3A+A+Quick+Guide&rft.date=2022-08-26&rft.aulast=Sarkadii&rft.aufirst=Zsuzsanna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhungariancitizenship.eu%2Fblog%2Fhungarian-names-a-quick-guide%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APersonal+name" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060602074304/http://www.cnn.com/2006/TECH/science/05/09/dolphins.names.reut/index.html">"Dolphins, like humans, recognize names, May 9, 2006,CNN"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a></i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Entertainment+Weekly&rft.atitle=What+celebrity+would+you+name+your+pet+after%3F&rft.date=2009-09-28&rft.aulast=Lyons&rft.aufirst=Margaret&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Few.com%2Farticle%2F2009%2F09%2F28%2Fwhat-celebrity-would-you-name-your-pet-after%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APersonal+name" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcGillivrayAdamson2004" class="citation book cs1">McGillivray, Debbie; Adamson, Eve (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ISnH9lrVYhYC&pg=PA127"><i>The complete idiot's guide to pet psychic communication</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Alpha_Books" title="Alpha Books">Alpha Books</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-59257-214-6" title="Special:BookSources/1-59257-214-6"><bdi>1-59257-214-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+complete+idiot%27s+guide+to+pet+psychic+communication&rft.pub=Alpha+Books&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=1-59257-214-6&rft.aulast=McGillivray&rft.aufirst=Debbie&rft.au=Adamson%2C+Eve&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DISnH9lrVYhYC%26pg%3DPA127&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APersonal+name" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdamson2005" class="citation book cs1">Adamson, Eve (13 October 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VoxbJ_oF7LAC&pg=PA10"><i>Adopting a Pet For Dummies</i></a>. John Wiley & Sons. p. 10. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780471785125" title="Special:BookSources/9780471785125"><bdi>9780471785125</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Adopting+a+Pet+For+Dummies&rft.pages=10&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2005-10-13&rft.isbn=9780471785125&rft.aulast=Adamson&rft.aufirst=Eve&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVoxbJ_oF7LAC%26pg%3DPA10&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APersonal+name" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReisen2017" class="citation web cs1">Reisen, Jan (5 October 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.akc.org/expert-advice/dog-breeding/breeders-share-how-they-pick-puppy-names/">"What's in a Name? Breeders Share How They Pick Perfect Puppy Names"</a>. <i>akc.org</i>. American Kennel Club. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220507032616/https://www.akc.org/expert-advice/dog-breeding/breeders-share-how-they-pick-puppy-names/">Archived</a> from the original on 7 May 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=akc.org&rft.atitle=What%27s+in+a+Name%3F+Breeders+Share+How+They+Pick+Perfect+Puppy+Names&rft.date=2017-10-05&rft.aulast=Reisen&rft.aufirst=Jan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.akc.org%2Fexpert-advice%2Fdog-breeding%2Fbreeders-share-how-they-pick-puppy-names%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APersonal+name" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fressnapf.at/magazin/hund/erziehung/perfekte-hundenamen/">"Der perfekte Hundename – mit Tipps und Beispielen zum Ergebnis"</a> [The perfect dog name - with tips and examples]. <i>fressnapf.at</i> (in German). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220626074007/https://www.fressnapf.at/magazin/hund/erziehung/perfekte-hundenamen/">Archived</a> from the original on 26 June 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=fressnapf.at&rft.atitle=Der+perfekte+Hundename+%E2%80%93+mit+Tipps+und+Beispielen+zum+Ergebnis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fressnapf.at%2Fmagazin%2Fhund%2Ferziehung%2Fperfekte-hundenamen%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APersonal+name" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPhillips1994" class="citation journal cs1">Phillips, Mary T. (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2FBF02393497">"Proper names and the social construction of biography: The negative case of laboratory animals"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Qualitative_Sociology" title="Qualitative Sociology">Qualitative Sociology</a></i>. <b>17</b> (2). SpringerLink: 119–142. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2FBF02393497">10.1007/BF02393497</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:143506107">143506107</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Qualitative+Sociology&rft.atitle=Proper+names+and+the+social+construction+of+biography%3A+The+negative+case+of+laboratory+animals&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=119-142&rft.date=1994&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2FBF02393497&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A143506107%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Phillips&rft.aufirst=Mary+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1007%252FBF02393497&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APersonal+name" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Personal_name&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarolini2005" class="citation book cs1">Barolini, Teodolinda, ed. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OcBkAAAAMAAJ"><i>Medieval Constructions in Gender And Identity: Essays in Honor of Joan M. Ferrante</i></a>. Tempe: Arizona Center for Medieval and Renaissance Studies. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780866983372" title="Special:BookSources/9780866983372"><bdi>9780866983372</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Medieval+Constructions+in+Gender+And+Identity%3A+Essays+in+Honor+of+Joan+M.+Ferrante&rft.place=Tempe&rft.pub=Arizona+Center+for+Medieval+and+Renaissance+Studies&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=9780866983372&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOcBkAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APersonal+name" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBruckBodenhorn2009" class="citation book cs1">Bruck, Gabriele vom; Bodenhorn, Barbara, eds. (2009) [2006]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4IIOQAAACAA"><i>An Anthropology of Names and Naming</i></a> (2nd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Anthropology+of+Names+and+Naming&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2009&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4IIOQAAACAA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APersonal+name" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged February 2024">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFraser2000" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Fraser_(classicist)" title="Peter Fraser (classicist)">Fraser, Peter M.</a> (2000). "Ethnics as Personal Names". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191018113913/https://www.thebritishacademy.ac.uk/sites/default/files/104p149.pdf"><i>Greek Personal Names: Their Value as Evidence</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 149–157. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thebritishacademy.ac.uk/sites/default/files/104p149.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 18 October 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ethnics+as+Personal+Names&rft.btitle=Greek+Personal+Names%3A+Their+Value+as+Evidence&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=149-157&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.aulast=Fraser&rft.aufirst=Peter+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebritishacademy.ac.uk%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2F104p149.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APersonal+name" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKeats-Rohan2007" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Katharine_Keats-Rohan" title="Katharine Keats-Rohan">Keats-Rohan, Katharine</a>, ed. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=98L4FS-1i1YC"><i>Prosopography Approaches and Applications: A Handbook</i></a>. Oxford: Unit for Prosopographical Research. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781900934121" title="Special:BookSources/9781900934121"><bdi>9781900934121</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Prosopography+Approaches+and+Applications%3A+A+Handbook&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Unit+for+Prosopographical+Research&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9781900934121&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D98L4FS-1i1YC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APersonal+name" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoom1996" class="citation book cs1">Room, Adrian (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XEtiAAAAMAAJ"><i>An Alphabetical Guide to the Language of Name Studies</i></a>. Lanham and London: The Scarecrow Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780810831698" title="Special:BookSources/9780810831698"><bdi>9780810831698</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240609071414/https://books.google.com/books?id=XEtiAAAAMAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 9 June 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Alphabetical+Guide+to+the+Language+of+Name+Studies&rft.place=Lanham+and+London&rft.pub=The+Scarecrow+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=9780810831698&rft.aulast=Room&rft.aufirst=Adrian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXEtiAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APersonal+name" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEldridge2003" class="citation book cs1">Eldridge, Wayne B. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ekn0Zm2jUBgC&pg=PA1"><i>The Best Pet Name Book Ever!</i></a>. Barron's Educational Series, Incorporated. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780764181337" title="Special:BookSources/9780764181337"><bdi>9780764181337</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Best+Pet+Name+Book+Ever%21&rft.pub=Barron%27s+Educational+Series%2C+Incorporated&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=9780764181337&rft.aulast=Eldridge&rft.aufirst=Wayne+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dekn0Zm2jUBgC%26pg%3DPA1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APersonal+name" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Personal_name&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Matthews, Elaine; Hornblower, Simon; Fraser, Peter Marshall, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SbVJvfu7EzsC"><i>Greek Personal Names: Their Value as Evidence</i></a>, Proceedings of the British Academy (104), Oxford University Press, 2000. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-726216-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-726216-3">0-19-726216-3</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Personal_name&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has the text of the <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">1911 <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i></a> article "<span style="font-weight:bold;"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Name" class="extiw" title="wikisource:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Name">Name</a></span>".</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rogerdarlington.me.uk/useofnames.html">Varying use of first and family names in different countries and cultures</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kalzumeus.com/2010/06/17/falsehoods-programmers-believe-about-names/">Falsehoods Programmers Believe About Names</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lgpn.ox.ac.uk/">Lexicon of Greek Personal Names</a>, contains over 35,000 published Greek names.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 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.navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Personal_names_and_anthroponymy" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Personal_names" title="Template:Personal names"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Personal_names" title="Template talk:Personal names"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Personal_names" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Personal names"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Personal_names_and_anthroponymy" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Personal names</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anthroponymy" title="Anthroponymy">anthroponymy</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Personal name</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Birth_name" title="Birth name">Birth name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Given_name" title="Given name">Given name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surname" title="Surname">Surname</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patrilineality" title="Patrilineality">Patrilineal</a>/<a href="/wiki/Matriname" title="Matriname">Matrilineal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_family_name_affixes" title="List of family name affixes">Affixes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nobiliary_particle" title="Nobiliary particle">Nobiliary particle</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By sequence</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_name" class="mw-redirect" title="First name">First name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_name" title="Middle name">Middle name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surname" title="Surname">Last name</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By trait</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diminutive" title="Diminutive">Diminutive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double-barrelled_name" title="Double-barrelled name">Double-barrelled</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epithet" title="Epithet">Epithet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Animal_epithet" title="Animal epithet">Animal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_people_by_epithet" title="Lists of people by epithet">Common</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plant_epithet" title="Plant epithet">Plant</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eponym" title="Eponym">Eponymic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matronymic" title="Matronymic">Matronymic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metonymy" title="Metonymy">Metonymic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mononymous_person" class="mw-redirect" title="Mononymous person">Mononymic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Occupational name">Occupational</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patronymic" title="Patronymic">Patronymic</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Patronymic_surname" title="Patronymic surname">Surname</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sobriquet" title="Sobriquet">Sobriquet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teknonymy" title="Teknonymy">Teknonymic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toponymy" title="Toponymy">Toponymic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Toponymic_surname" title="Toponymic surname">Surname</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrial_name" title="Patrial name">Patrial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unisex_name" title="Unisex name">Unisex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtue_name" title="Virtue name">Virtue</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By life situation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aptronym" title="Aptronym">Aptronym</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birth_name" title="Birth name">Birth name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_name" title="Code name">Code name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maiden_and_married_names" title="Maiden and married names">Maiden and married names</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Necronym" title="Necronym">Necronym</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Posthumous_name" title="Posthumous name">Posthumous name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_name" title="Temple name">Temple name</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Placeholder_name" title="Placeholder name">Placeholder name</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Notname" title="Notname">Notname</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regnal_name" title="Regnal name">Regnal name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slave_name" title="Slave name">Slave name</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pseudonym" title="Pseudonym">Pseudonyms</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_pseudonyms" title="List of pseudonyms">list</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_name" title="Art name">Art name</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bug%C5%8D" title="Bugō">Bugō</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nickname" title="Nickname">Nicknames</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_nicknames" title="Lists of nicknames">list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypocorism" title="Hypocorism">Hypocorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_by_nickname" title="List of monarchs by nickname">Monarchs</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nom_de_guerre" class="mw-redirect" title="Nom de guerre">Nom de guerre</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pen_name" title="Pen name">Pen name</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heteronym_(literature)" title="Heteronym (literature)">Heteronym</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ring_name" title="Ring name">Ring name</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shikona" title="Shikona">Shikona</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stage_name" title="Stage name">Stage name</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_stage_names" title="List of stage names">List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_one-word_stage_names" title="List of one-word stage names">Mononyms</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Username" class="mw-redirect" title="Username">Username</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By culture<br /><a href="/wiki/Surnames_by_country" title="Surnames by country">Surnames by country</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_cultural_sphere" class="mw-redirect" title="East Asian cultural sphere">East Asian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amami_name" title="Amami name">Amami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_name" title="Chinese name">Chinese</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Courtesy_name" title="Courtesy name">Courtesy</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Art_name" title="Art name">Art</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Generation_name" title="Generation name">Generation</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Chinese_titles" title="Chinese titles">Titles</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_name" title="Japanese name">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_name" title="Korean name">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchu_name" title="Manchu name">Manchu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okinawan_name" title="Okinawan name">Okinawan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naming_customs_of_Taiwanese_indigenous_peoples" title="Naming customs of Taiwanese indigenous peoples">Indigenous Taiwanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_name" title="Vietnamese name">Vietnamese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Northern Asia<br />and Central Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kalmyk_name" title="Kalmyk name">Kalmyk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_name" title="Mongolian name">Mongolian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakut_names" class="mw-redirect" title="Yakut names">Sakha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_name" title="Tibetan name">Tibetan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Muslim_world" title="Muslim world">Muslim world</a><br />and Western Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_name" title="Afghan name">Afghan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_name" title="Arabic name">Arabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_name" title="Azerbaijani name">Azerbaijani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_name" title="Bengali name">Bengali</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berber_name&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Berber name (page does not exist)">Berber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coptic_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Coptic name">Coptic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandaean_name" title="Mandaean name">Mandaean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_name" title="Pakistani name">Pakistani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashtun_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Pashtun name">Pashtun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_name" title="Persian name">Persian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sindhi_names" title="Sindhi names">Sindhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_name" title="Somali name">Somali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatar_name" title="Tatar name">Tatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_name" title="Turkish name">Turkish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Oceania" title="Oceania">Oceania</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Aboriginal_kinship" title="Australian Aboriginal kinship">Australian Aboriginal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fijian_name" title="Fijian name">Fijian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_name" title="Hawaiian name">Hawaiian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_naming_customs" title="Māori naming customs">Māori</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sub-Saharan_Africa" title="Sub-Saharan Africa">Sub-Saharan Africa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akan_names" title="Akan names">Ashanti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_naming_customs" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo naming customs">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naming_conventions_in_Eritrea_and_Ethiopia" title="Naming conventions in Eritrea and Ethiopia">Eritrean and Ethiopian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ewe_language#Naming_system" title="Ewe language">Ewe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghanaian_name" title="Ghanaian name">Ghanaian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igbo_name" title="Igbo name">Igbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoruba_name" title="Yoruba name">Yoruba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwean_names" title="Zimbabwean names">Zimbabwean</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a><br />and <a href="/wiki/Australasia" title="Australasia">Australasia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_name" title="Albanian name">Albanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_name" title="Armenian name">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_surname#Ashkenazi_Jewry" title="Jewish surname">Ashkenazi Jewish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basque_surnames" title="Basque surnames">Basque</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estonian_name&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Estonian name (page does not exist)">Estonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_name" title="Finnish name">Finnish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_name" title="Georgian name">Georgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_name" title="Greek name">Greek</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_personal_names" title="Ancient Greek personal names">Ancient Greek</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Greek_Cypriot_name" title="Greek Cypriot name">Cypriot</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_names" title="Hungarian names">Hungarian</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Baltic_languages" title="Baltic languages">Baltic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_name" title="Latvian name">Latvian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_name" title="Lithuanian name">Lithuanian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Celtic_onomastics" title="Celtic onomastics">Celtic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cornish_surnames" title="Cornish surnames">Cornish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_name" title="Irish name">Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manx_surnames" title="Manx surnames">Manx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic_name" title="Scottish Gaelic name">Scottish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_surnames" title="Welsh surnames">Welsh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Germanic_name" title="Germanic name">Germanic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_name" title="Dutch name">Dutch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_name" title="English name">English</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Naming_in_the_United_States" title="Naming in the United States">American</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/African-American_names" title="African-American names">African-American</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Canadian_name" title="Canadian name">Canadian</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_name" title="Hong Kong name">Hongkongese</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_name" title="German name">German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_name" title="Gothic name">Gothic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_name" title="Icelandic name">Icelandic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scandinavian_family_name_etymology" title="Scandinavian family name etymology">Scandinavian</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Swedish_name" title="Swedish name">Swedish</a></small></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Romance_languages" title="Romance languages">Romance</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catalan_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Catalan name">Catalan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_name" title="French name">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_name" title="Italian name">Italian</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Occitan_name&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Occitan name (page does not exist)">Occitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_name" title="Portuguese name">Portuguese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_naming_conventions" title="Roman naming conventions">Roman</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Praenomen" title="Praenomen">Praenomen</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Nomen_(Roman_name)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nomen (Roman name)">Nomen</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Cognomen" title="Cognomen">Cognomen</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Agnomen" title="Agnomen">Agnomen</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_name" title="Romanian name">Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_naming_customs" title="Spanish naming customs">Spanish</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Naming_customs_of_Hispanic_America" title="Naming customs of Hispanic America">Hispanic America</a></small></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Slavic_names" title="Slavic names">Slavic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_name" title="Bulgarian name">Bulgarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_name" title="Croatian name">Croatian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_name" title="Czech name">Czech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Slavic_naming_customs" title="Eastern Slavic naming customs">Eastern Slavic</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_name" title="Belarusian name">Belarusian</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Slavic_naming_customs" title="Eastern Slavic naming customs">Russian</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_name" title="Ukrainian name">Ukrainian</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kashubian_name&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kashubian name (page does not exist)">Kashubian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_onomastics" title="Macedonian onomastics">Macedonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish name">Polish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_name" title="Serbian name">Serbian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_name" title="Slovak name">Slovak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavic_name_suffixes" title="Slavic name suffixes">Suffixes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Indosphere" title="Indosphere">Indosphere</a> (<a href="/wiki/South_Asia" title="South Asia">South Asia</a><br />and <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balinese_name" title="Balinese name">Balinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_name" title="Bengali name">Bengali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burmese_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Burmese name">Burmese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filipino_name" title="Filipino name">Filipino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_names" title="Indonesian names">Indonesian</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Indonesian_surname" title="Chinese Indonesian surname">Chinese</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Javanese_name" title="Javanese name">Javanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khmer_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Khmer name">Cambodian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_names" title="Malaysian names">Malaysian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_name" title="Indian name">Indian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lao_name" title="Lao name">Lao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_name" title="Pakistani name">Pakistani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sindhi_names" title="Sindhi names">Sindhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinhalese_name" title="Sinhalese name">Sinhalese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naming_conventions_of_ancient_Tamil_country" class="mw-redirect" title="Naming conventions of ancient Tamil country">Ancient Tamil country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_name" title="Thai name">Thai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religious_name" title="Religious name">By religion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_name" title="Christian name">Christian name</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_biblical_names" title="List of biblical names">Biblical name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_name" title="Papal name">Papal name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint%27s_name" title="Saint's name">Saint's name</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_surname" title="Buddhist surname">Buddhist surname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dharma_name" title="Dharma name">Dharma name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_name" title="Jewish name">Jewish name</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_name" title="Hebrew name">Hebrew</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandaean_name" title="Mandaean name">Mandaean name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theophoric_name" title="Theophoric name">Theophoric name</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Manners of address<br /><a href="/wiki/List_of_titles" title="List of titles">List</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Title_of_authority" class="mw-redirect" title="Title of authority">of authority</a>/<a href="/wiki/Title_of_honor" title="Title of honor">of honour</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Style_(form_of_address)" title="Style (form of address)">Styles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Honorific" title="Honorific">Honorific</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_rank" title="Diplomatic rank">Diplomatic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_and_noble_styles" title="Royal and noble styles">Imperial, royal, and noble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_styles" class="mw-redirect" title="Judiciary styles">Judiciary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_religious_titles_and_styles" title="List of religious titles and styles">Religious</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_titles_and_styles" title="Ecclesiastical titles and styles">Ecclesiastical</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-nominal_letters" title="Pre-nominal letters">Pre-nominal letters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suffix_(name)" title="Suffix (name)">Suffix</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emeritus" title="Emeritus">Emeritus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-nominal_letters" title="Post-nominal letters">Post-nominal letters</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Academic_degree" title="Academic degree">Academic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_(distinction)" title="Order (distinction)">Orders</a>, <a href="/wiki/Award" title="Award">decorations</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Medal" title="Medal">medals</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Title" title="Title">Titles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Academic_degree" title="Academic degree">Academic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial,_royal_and_noble_ranks" title="Imperial, royal and noble ranks">Imperial, royal and noble</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chivalry" title="Chivalry">Chivalric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Courtesy_title" title="Courtesy title">Courtesy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/False_titles_of_nobility" title="False titles of nobility">False</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hereditary_title" title="Hereditary title">Hereditary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subsidiary_title" title="Subsidiary title">Subsidiary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Substantive_title" title="Substantive title">Substantive</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_rank" title="Military rank">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Professional_titles" class="mw-redirect" title="Professional titles">Professional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Academic_ranks" class="mw-redirect" title="Academic ranks">Academic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Professional_degree" title="Professional degree">Educational</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honorary_title_(academic)" title="Honorary title (academic)">Honorary</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporate_title" title="Corporate title">Business</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_rank" title="Diplomatic rank">Diplomatic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judicial_titles" class="mw-redirect" title="Judicial titles">Judicial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_religious_titles_and_styles" title="List of religious titles and styles">Religious</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_titles_and_styles" title="Ecclesiastical titles and styles">Ecclesiastical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_titles" title="Papal titles">Papal</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related traditions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baptism" title="Baptism">Baptism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Name_day" title="Name day">Name day</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calendar_of_saints" title="Calendar of saints">Calendar of saints</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acronym" title="Acronym">Acronym</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anonymity" title="Anonymity">Anonymity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthropomorphism" title="Anthropomorphism">Anthropomorphism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Personification" title="Personification">Personification</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_personification" title="National personification">National</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Call_sign" title="Call sign">Call sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deadnaming" title="Deadnaming">Deadnaming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endonym_and_exonym" title="Endonym and exonym">Endonym and exonym</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family" title="Family">Family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galton%E2%80%93Watson_process" title="Galton–Watson process">Galton–Watson process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_name" title="Legal name">Legal name</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Name_change" title="Name change">Name change</a></li></ul></li> <li>List <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most_popular_given_names" title="List of most popular given names">Given</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_most_common_surnames" title="Lists of most common surnames">Surname</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namesake" title="Namesake">Namesake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naming_taboo" title="Naming taboo">Naming taboo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nomenclature" title="Nomenclature">Nomenclature</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nomen_nescio" title="Nomen nescio">Nomen nescio</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misnomer" title="Misnomer">Misnomer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onomastics" title="Onomastics">Onomastics</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/-onym" title="-onym">-onym</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_identity" title="Personal identity">Personal identity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Identifier" title="Identifier">Identifier</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proper_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Proper name">Proper name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Signature" title="Signature">Signature</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monogram" title="Monogram">Monogram</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Royal_cypher" title="Royal cypher">Royal cypher</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khelrtva" title="Khelrtva">Khelrtva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Signum_manus" title="Signum manus">Signum manus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tughra" title="Tughra">Tughra</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surnames_by_country" title="Surnames by country">Surnames by country</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Lists_of_names" title="Category:Lists of names">Category:Lists of names</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071027#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071027#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071027#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1032478/">FAST</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Personenname"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4045285-2">Germany</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85089622">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11932864d">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11932864d">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="osobní jména"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph115618&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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