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<button aria-controls="toc-Science_and_nature-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Science and nature subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Science_and_nature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Optics,_color_printing,_and_computer_screens" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Optics,_color_printing,_and_computer_screens"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Optics, color printing, and computer screens</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Optics,_color_printing,_and_computer_screens-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Complementary_colors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Complementary_colors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1</span> <span>Complementary colors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Complementary_colors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lasers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lasers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.2</span> <span>Lasers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lasers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Astronomy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Astronomy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Astronomy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Astronomy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Biology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Biology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Biology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Fish" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fish"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.1</span> <span>Fish</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fish-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Insects" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Insects"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.2</span> <span>Insects</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Insects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Trees" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Trees"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.3</span> <span>Trees</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Trees-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History,_art,_and_fashion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History,_art,_and_fashion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>History, art, and fashion</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History,_art,_and_fashion-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History, art, and fashion subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History,_art,_and_fashion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Prehistory" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prehistory"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Prehistory</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prehistory-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ancient_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ancient_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Ancient history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ancient_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-classical_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-classical_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Post-classical history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post-classical_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Modern history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-18th_and_19th_centuries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#18th_and_19th_centuries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4.1</span> <span>18th and 19th centuries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-18th_and_19th_centuries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-20th_and_21st_centuries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#20th_and_21st_centuries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4.2</span> <span>20th and 21st centuries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-20th_and_21st_centuries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fruits,_vegetables,_and_eggs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fruits,_vegetables,_and_eggs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Fruits, vegetables, and eggs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fruits,_vegetables,_and_eggs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Flowers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Flowers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5.1</span> <span>Flowers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Flowers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_plants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_plants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5.2</span> <span>Other plants</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_plants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Minerals_and_chemistry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Minerals_and_chemistry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Minerals and chemistry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Minerals_and_chemistry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pigments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pigments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6.1</span> <span>Pigments</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pigments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dyes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dyes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6.2</span> <span>Dyes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dyes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Food_coloring" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Food_coloring"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6.3</span> <span>Food coloring</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Food_coloring-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Symbolism_and_associations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Symbolism_and_associations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Symbolism and associations</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Symbolism_and_associations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Symbolism and associations subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Symbolism_and_associations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-In_China" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_China"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>In China</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_China-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Light_and_reason" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Light_and_reason"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Light and reason</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Light_and_reason-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gold_and_blond" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gold_and_blond"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Gold and blond</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gold_and_blond-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Visibility_and_caution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Visibility_and_caution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Visibility and caution</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Visibility_and_caution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Optimism_and_pleasure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Optimism_and_pleasure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Optimism and pleasure</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Optimism_and_pleasure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mayan_and_Italian" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mayan_and_Italian"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>Mayan and Italian</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mayan_and_Italian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.7</span> <span>Music</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.8</span> <span>Politics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Selected_national_and_international_flags" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Selected_national_and_international_flags"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.9</span> <span>Selected national and international flags</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Selected_national_and_international_flags-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Defunct_flags" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Defunct_flags"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.9.1</span> <span>Defunct flags</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Defunct_flags-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.10</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-New_Age_Spiritual_Metaphysics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_Age_Spiritual_Metaphysics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.11</span> <span>New Age Spiritual Metaphysics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_Age_Spiritual_Metaphysics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.12</span> <span>Sports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.13</span> <span>Transportation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Maritime_signaling" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Maritime_signaling"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.14</span> <span>Maritime signaling</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Maritime_signaling-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Idioms_and_expressions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Idioms_and_expressions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Idioms and expressions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Idioms_and_expressions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Yellow</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 168 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-168" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">168 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geel" title="Geel – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Geel" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%A2%E1%8C%AB" title="ቢጫ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ቢጫ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE" title="पीला – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="पीला" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geolu" title="Geolu – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Geolu" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%B1" title="أصفر – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أصفر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amariello" title="Amariello – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Amariello" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%AB%DC%A5%DC%98%DC%AC%DC%90_(%DC%93%DC%98%DC%A2%DC%90)" title="ܫܥܘܬܐ (ܓܘܢܐ) – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܫܥܘܬܐ (ܓܘܢܐ)" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B4%D5%A5%D5%B2%D5%AB%D5%B6_(%D5%A3%D5%B8%D5%B5%D5%B6)" title="Դեղին (գոյն) – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Դեղին (գոյն)" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galbinu" title="Galbinu – Aromanian" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Galbinu" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mariellu" title="Mariellu – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Mariellu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sa%27yju" title="Sa'yju – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Sa'yju" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q%27illu" title="Q'illu – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Q'illu" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sar%C4%B1" title="Sarı – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Sarı" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_(%D8%B1%D9%86%DA%AF)" title="ساری (رنگ) – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ساری (رنگ)" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jenar" title="Jenar – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Jenar" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A6_(%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%82)" title="হলুদ (রং) – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="হলুদ (রং)" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%CC%82g-sek" title="N̂g-sek – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="N̂g-sek" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuning" title="Kuning – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Kuning" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Һары – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Һары" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%BE%D1%9E%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Жоўты колер – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Жоўты колер" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%BE%D1%9E%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Жоўты колер – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Жоўты колер" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giyaw_(kolor)" title="Giyaw (kolor) – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Giyaw (kolor)" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D1%8A%D0%BB%D1%82_%D1%86%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82" title="Жълт цвят – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Жълт цвят" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A6%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%94%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8D" title="སེར་པོ། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="སེར་པོ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDuta" title="Žuta – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Žuta" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melen_(liv)" title="Melen (liv) – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Melen (liv)" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groc" title="Groc – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Groc" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%80%C4%83_%D1%82%C4%95%D1%81" title="Сарă тĕс – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Сарă тĕс" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDlut%C3%A1" title="Žlutá – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Žlutá" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ch mw-list-item"><a href="https://ch.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amariyu" title="Amariyu – Chamorro" lang="ch" hreflang="ch" data-title="Amariyu" data-language-autonym="Chamoru" data-language-local-name="Chamorro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chamoru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huroro" title="Huroro – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Huroro" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melyn" title="Melyn – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Melyn" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gul" title="Gul – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Gul" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%B1" title="لون صفر – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="لون صفر" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gehl" title="Gehl – Pennsylvania German" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Gehl" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvania German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deitsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gelb" title="Gelb – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Gelb" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%BD%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B" title="पेऽलो – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="पेऽलो" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kollane" title="Kollane – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kollane" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%AF%CF%84%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%BF" title="Κίτρινο – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κίτρινο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B6%D0%BE" title="Ожо – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Ожо" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amarillo" title="Amarillo – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Amarillo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flava" title="Flava – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Flava" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amarillu" title="Amarillu – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Amarillu" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hori" title="Hori – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Hori" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%AF" title="زرد – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زرد" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaune" title="Jaune – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Jaune" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giel" title="Giel – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Giel" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bu%C3%AD" title="Buí – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Buí" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amarelo" title="Amarelo – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Amarelo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BB%83" title="黃 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="黃" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%B2ng-set" title="Vòng-set – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Vòng-set" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%85%B8%EB%9E%91" title="노랑 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="노랑" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B4%D5%A5%D5%B2%D5%AB%D5%B6_(%D5%A3%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B5%D5%B6)" title="Դեղին (գույն) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Դեղին (գույն)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE" title="पीला – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पीला" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDuta" title="Žuta – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Žuta" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuning" title="Kuning – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kuning" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jalne" title="Jalne – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Jalne" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quqsuqtaaq" title="Quqsuqtaaq – Inupiaq" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Quqsuqtaaq" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="Inupiaq" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Iñupiatun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D1%80" title="Бур – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Бур" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/OPhuzi" title="OPhuzi – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="OPhuzi" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulur" title="Gulur – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Gulur" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giallo" title="Giallo – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Giallo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A6%D7%94%D7%95%D7%91" title="צהוב – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="צהוב" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuning" title="Kuning – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Kuning" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%CA%8At%CA%8A_s%C9%9Bm%C9%A9%C5%8B" title="Sʊtʊ sɛmɩŋ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Sʊtʊ sɛmɩŋ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dilo" title="Dilo – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Dilo" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A7%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%97%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="ყვითელი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ყვითელი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%8C%DB%86%D8%AF%D9%8F%D8%B1_(%D8%B1%D9%86%D9%9B%DA%AF)" title="لیۆدُر (رنٛگ) – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="لیۆدُر (رنٛگ)" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B_%D1%82%D2%AF%D1%81" title="Сары түс – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Сары түс" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rangi_ya_manjano" title="Rangi ya manjano – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Rangi ya manjano" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B2n" title="Jòn – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Jòn" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zer" title="Zer – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Zer" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Aal" title="Śal – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Śal" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amariyo" title="Amariyo – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Amariyo" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%8A%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%8A%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Хъахъисса – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Хъахъисса" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flavus" title="Flavus – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Flavus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dzelten%C4%81_kr%C4%81sa" title="Dzeltenā krāsa – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Dzeltenā krāsa" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giel" title="Giel – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Giel" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geltona" title="Geltona – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Geltona" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bond%C9%94b%C9%94%CC%81" title="Bondɔbɔ́ – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Bondɔbɔ́" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jala" title="Jala – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Jala" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keldaine" title="Keldaine – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Keldaine" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giald" title="Giald – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Giald" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A1rga" title="Sárga – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Sárga" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Жолта боја – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Жолта боја" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%9E%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9E" title="മഞ്ഞ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മഞ്ഞ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isfar" title="Isfar – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Isfar" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B3%E0%A4%BE" title="पिवळा – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="पिवळा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%B8%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%97%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="ჸვინთელი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ჸვინთელი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%B1_(%D9%84%D9%88%D9%86)" title="اصفر (لون) – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="اصفر (لون)" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%AF" title="زرد – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="زرد" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuning" title="Kuning – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kuning" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%8D%EA%AF%AA%EA%AF%92%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%9D%EA%AF%84%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%9F_%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%86%EA%AF%A8" title="ꯍꯪꯒꯥꯝꯄꯥꯟ ꯃꯆꯨ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯍꯪꯒꯥꯝꯄꯥꯟ ꯃꯆꯨ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/U%C3%B2ng-s%C3%A1ik" title="Uòng-sáik – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Uòng-sáik" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8E%D0%B6%D1%8F" title="Тюжя – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Тюжя" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%9D%E1%80%AB%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA" title="အဝါရောင် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အဝါရောင်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geel_(kleur)" title="Geel (kleur) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Geel (kleur)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%81%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B" title="पहेँलो – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="पहेँलो" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%81" title="म्हासु – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="म्हासु" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BB%84%E8%89%B2" title="黄色 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="黄色" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B0" title="Можа – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Можа" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BC%C3%BCl" title="Güül – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Güül" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gult" title="Gult – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Gult" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gul" title="Gul – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Gul" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%A2one" title="Jâone – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Jâone" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaune" title="Jaune – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Jaune" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sariq" title="Sariq – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Sariq" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BE_(%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%97)" title="ਪੀਲਾ (ਰੰਗ) – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਪੀਲਾ (ਰੰਗ)" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%DD%AA%D8%A7" title="پیݪا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="پیݪا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%DB%8C%DA%93" title="زیړ – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="زیړ" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yelo" title="Yelo – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Yelo" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%8E%E1%9F%8C%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%BF%E1%9E%84" title="ពណ៌លឿង – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ពណ៌លឿង" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganne" title="Ganne – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Ganne" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yelo_(kala)" title="Yelo (kala) – Tok Pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Yelo (kala)" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="Tok Pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barwa_%C5%BC%C3%B3%C5%82ta" title="Barwa żółta – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Barwa żółta" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amarelo" title="Amarelo – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Amarelo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%A4%C3%A4l" title="Jääl – Colognian" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Jääl" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="Colognian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galben" title="Galben – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Galben" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q%27illu" title="Q'illu – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Q'illu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D1%91%D0%BB%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%86%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Жёлтый цвет – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Жёлтый цвет" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D2%95%D0%B0%D1%81_%D3%A9%D2%A5" title="Араҕас өҥ – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Араҕас өҥ" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/takuliway" title="takuliway – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="takuliway" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A4" title="पीत – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="पीत" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellae" title="Yellae – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Yellae" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeel" title="Jeel – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Jeel" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serolane" title="Serolane – Northern Sotho" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Serolane" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Northern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngjyra_e_verdh%C3%AB" title="Ngjyra e verdhë – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Ngjyra e verdhë" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giarnu" title="Giarnu – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Giarnu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%84_%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%A7" title="කහ පාට – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="කහ පාට" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellow" title="Yellow – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Yellow" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A6%DA%AA%D9%88" title="ڦڪو – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ڦڪو" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDlt%C3%A1" title="Žltá – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Žltá" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumena" title="Rumena – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Rumena" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qeenid_(midab)" title="Qeenid (midab) – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Qeenid (midab)" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%DB%95%D8%B1%D8%AF" title="زەرد – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="زەرد" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Жута боја – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Жута боја" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDuto" title="Žuto – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Žuto" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kon%C3%A9ng_(warna)" title="Konéng (warna) – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Konéng (warna)" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keltainen" title="Keltainen – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Keltainen" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gul" title="Gul – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Gul" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dilaw" title="Dilaw – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Dilaw" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%9E%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D_(%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D)" title="மஞ்சள் (நிறம்) – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மஞ்சள் (நிறம்)" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Awra%C9%A3" title="Awraɣ – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Awraɣ" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B_%D1%82%D3%A9%D1%81" title="Сары төс – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Сары төс" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81_(%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%81)" title="పసుపు (రంగు) – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="పసుపు (రంగు)" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87" title="สีเหลือง – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สีเหลือง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4" title="Зард – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Зард" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sar%C4%B1" title="Sarı – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Sarı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%80" title="Жовтий колір – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Жовтий колір" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7" title="پیلا – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="پیلا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%90%D8%B1%D9%89%D9%82_%D8%B1%DB%95%DA%AD" title="سېرىق رەڭ – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="سېرىق رەڭ" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saekhenj" title="Saekhenj – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Saekhenj" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Za%C5%82o" title="Zało – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Zało" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakuine_muju" title="Pakuine muju – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Pakuine muju" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A0ng_(m%C3%A0u)" title="Vàng (màu) – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Vàng (màu)" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B5llan%C3%B5" title="Kõllanõ – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Kõllanõ" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BB%83" title="黃 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="黃" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geel_(kleur)" title="Geel (kleur) – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Geel (kleur)" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darag" title="Darag – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Darag" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mboq" title="Mboq – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Mboq" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BB%84%E8%89%B2" title="黄色 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="黄色" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xitshopana" title="Xitshopana – Tsonga" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Xitshopana" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="Tsonga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%A2%D7%9C" title="געל – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="געל" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BB%83" title="黃 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="黃" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geltuona" title="Geltuona – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Geltuona" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BB%84%E8%89%B2" title="黄色 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="黄色" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osilou" title="Osilou – Central Dusun" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Osilou" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="Central Dusun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kadazandusun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuning" title="Kuning – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Kuning" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q943#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav 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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Color between orange and green on the visible spectrum of light</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the color. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Yellow_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Yellow (disambiguation)">Yellow (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable plainlinks selfreference noprint selfref">For <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(technical_restrictions)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (technical restrictions)">technical reasons</a>, "Yellow #5" redirects here. For that title, see <a href="/wiki/Yellow_No._5_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Yellow No. 5 (disambiguation)">Yellow No. 5</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">Yellow</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader mw-no-invert" style="line-height:12px; background-color:#FFFF00!important; border: 0.1px solid #000000"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div style="background-color:#000000;border-collapse:collapse;border:1px solid #009001;width:243px;display:table;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:1px 0 0 1px"><div style="display:table;background-color:#000000;border-collapse:collapse"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 1px 1px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Aspen-PopulusTremuloides-2001-09-27.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Aspen-PopulusTremuloides-2001-09-27.jpg/80px-Aspen-PopulusTremuloides-2001-09-27.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="116" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Aspen-PopulusTremuloides-2001-09-27.jpg/120px-Aspen-PopulusTremuloides-2001-09-27.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Aspen-PopulusTremuloides-2001-09-27.jpg/160px-Aspen-PopulusTremuloides-2001-09-27.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2555" data-file-height="3692" /></a></span></div><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 1px 1px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ochre_quarry,_Roussillon,_France_(465185258).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Ochre_quarry%2C_Roussillon%2C_France_%28465185258%29.jpg/80px-Ochre_quarry%2C_Roussillon%2C_France_%28465185258%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Ochre_quarry%2C_Roussillon%2C_France_%28465185258%29.jpg/120px-Ochre_quarry%2C_Roussillon%2C_France_%28465185258%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Ochre_quarry%2C_Roussillon%2C_France_%28465185258%29.jpg/160px-Ochre_quarry%2C_Roussillon%2C_France_%28465185258%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1600" /></a></span></div><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 1px 1px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:20130304FeteDuCitronMenton_010.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/20130304FeteDuCitronMenton_010.jpg/80px-20130304FeteDuCitronMenton_010.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/20130304FeteDuCitronMenton_010.jpg/120px-20130304FeteDuCitronMenton_010.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/20130304FeteDuCitronMenton_010.jpg/160px-20130304FeteDuCitronMenton_010.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div></div></div><div style="display:table;background-color:#000000;border-collapse:collapse"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 1px 1px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bradley_Wiggins,_2012_Tour_de_France_finish.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Bradley_Wiggins%2C_2012_Tour_de_France_finish.jpg/80px-Bradley_Wiggins%2C_2012_Tour_de_France_finish.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Bradley_Wiggins%2C_2012_Tour_de_France_finish.jpg/120px-Bradley_Wiggins%2C_2012_Tour_de_France_finish.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Bradley_Wiggins%2C_2012_Tour_de_France_finish.jpg/160px-Bradley_Wiggins%2C_2012_Tour_de_France_finish.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="2240" /></a></span></div><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 1px 1px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_Seated_Portrait_of_Ming_Emperor_Taizu.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/A_Seated_Portrait_of_Ming_Emperor_Taizu.jpg/80px-A_Seated_Portrait_of_Ming_Emperor_Taizu.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/A_Seated_Portrait_of_Ming_Emperor_Taizu.jpg/120px-A_Seated_Portrait_of_Ming_Emperor_Taizu.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/A_Seated_Portrait_of_Ming_Emperor_Taizu.jpg/160px-A_Seated_Portrait_of_Ming_Emperor_Taizu.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3101" data-file-height="5050" /></a></span></div><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 1px 1px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Basil_Soda_Yellow_Dress_-_Paris_Haute_Couture_Spring-Summer_2012.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Basil_Soda_Yellow_Dress_-_Paris_Haute_Couture_Spring-Summer_2012.jpg/80px-Basil_Soda_Yellow_Dress_-_Paris_Haute_Couture_Spring-Summer_2012.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Basil_Soda_Yellow_Dress_-_Paris_Haute_Couture_Spring-Summer_2012.jpg/120px-Basil_Soda_Yellow_Dress_-_Paris_Haute_Couture_Spring-Summer_2012.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Basil_Soda_Yellow_Dress_-_Paris_Haute_Couture_Spring-Summer_2012.jpg/160px-Basil_Soda_Yellow_Dress_-_Paris_Haute_Couture_Spring-Summer_2012.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1324" data-file-height="2340" /></a></span></div></div></div><div style="display:table;background-color:#000000;border-collapse:collapse"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 1px 1px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cornwall_Daffodils.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Cornwall_Daffodils.jpg/243px-Cornwall_Daffodils.jpg" decoding="async" width="243" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Cornwall_Daffodils.jpg/365px-Cornwall_Daffodils.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Cornwall_Daffodils.jpg/486px-Cornwall_Daffodils.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3028" data-file-height="2019" /></a></span></div></div></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Spectral_color" title="Spectral color">Spectral coordinates</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Wavelength" title="Wavelength">Wavelength</a></th><td class="infobox-data">575–585<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Nanometre" title="Nanometre">nm</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Frequency" title="Frequency">Frequency</a></th><td class="infobox-data">521–512 <a href="/wiki/Terahertz_(unit)" class="mw-redirect" title="Terahertz (unit)">THz</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><span style="position: relative; float: right; font-size: 70%"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Color/Normalized_Color_Coordinates" title="About these coordinates"><img alt="About these coordinates" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Gtk-dialog-info.svg/15px-Gtk-dialog-info.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Gtk-dialog-info.svg/23px-Gtk-dialog-info.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Gtk-dialog-info.svg/30px-Gtk-dialog-info.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></span>     Color coordinates</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Web_colors#Hex_triplet" title="Web colors">Hex triplet</a></th><td class="infobox-data">#FFFF00</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/SRGB" title="SRGB">sRGB</a><sup><b>B</b></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Red" title="Red">r</a>, <a href="/wiki/Green" title="Green">g</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blue" title="Blue">b</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap">(255, 255, 0)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/HSL_and_HSV" title="HSL and HSV">HSV</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hue" title="Hue">h</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colorfulness#Saturation" title="Colorfulness">s</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brightness" title="Brightness">v</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap">(60°, 100%, 100%)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/CIELChuv" class="mw-redirect" title="CIELChuv">CIELCh<sub>uv</sub></a> (<a href="/wiki/Lightness" title="Lightness">L</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colorfulness" title="Colorfulness">C</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hue" title="Hue">h</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap">(97, 107, 86°)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Source</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/HTML_color_names" class="mw-redirect" title="HTML color names">HTML/CSS</a><sup id="cite_ref-css3-color_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-css3-color-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><b>B</b>: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)<br /><b>H</b>: Normalized to [0–100] (hundred)</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Yellow</b> is the <a href="/wiki/Color" title="Color">color</a> between <a href="/wiki/Green" title="Green">green</a> and <a href="/wiki/Orange_(color)" class="mw-redirect" title="Orange (color)">orange</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Visible_spectrum" title="Visible spectrum">spectrum of light</a>. It is evoked by light with a <a href="/wiki/Dominant_wavelength" title="Dominant wavelength">dominant wavelength</a> of roughly 575–585 <a href="/wiki/Nanometre" title="Nanometre">nm</a>. It is a <a href="/wiki/Primary_color" title="Primary color">primary color</a> in <a href="/wiki/Subtractive_color" title="Subtractive color">subtractive color</a> systems, used in painting or color printing. In the <a href="/wiki/RGB_color_model" title="RGB color model">RGB color model</a>, used to create colors on television and computer screens, yellow is a <a href="/wiki/Secondary_color" title="Secondary color">secondary color</a> made by combining red and green at equal intensity. <a href="/wiki/Carotenoid" title="Carotenoid">Carotenoids</a> give the characteristic yellow color to <a href="/wiki/Autumn_leaf_color" title="Autumn leaf color">autumn leaves</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maize" title="Maize">corn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Domestic_canary" title="Domestic canary">canaries</a>, <a href="/wiki/Daffodil" class="mw-redirect" title="Daffodil">daffodils</a>, and lemons, as well as <a href="/wiki/Egg_yolk" class="mw-redirect" title="Egg yolk">egg yolks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Buttercup" class="mw-redirect" title="Buttercup">buttercups</a>, and bananas. They absorb light energy and protect plants from photo damage in some cases.<sup id="cite_ref-fasebj.org_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fasebj.org-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Sunlight" title="Sunlight">Sunlight</a> has a slight yellowish hue when the Sun is near the horizon, due to <a href="/wiki/Atmospheric_scattering" class="mw-redirect" title="Atmospheric scattering">atmospheric scattering</a> of shorter wavelengths (green, blue, and violet). </p><p>Because it was widely available, <a href="/wiki/Yellow_ochre" class="mw-redirect" title="Yellow ochre">yellow ochre</a> pigment was one of the first colors used in art; the <a href="/wiki/Lascaux" title="Lascaux">Lascaux</a> cave in France has a painting of a yellow horse 17,000 years old. Ochre and <a href="/wiki/Orpiment" title="Orpiment">orpiment</a> pigments were used to represent gold and skin color in Egyptian tombs, then in the murals in Roman villas.<sup id="cite_ref-webexhibits.org_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-webexhibits.org-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the early Christian church, yellow was the color associated with the Pope and the golden keys of the Kingdom, but it was also associated with <a href="/wiki/Judas_Iscariot" title="Judas Iscariot">Judas Iscariot</a> and used to mark heretics. In the 20th century, Jews in <a href="/wiki/Nazi-occupied_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazi-occupied Europe">Nazi-occupied Europe</a> were forced to wear a <a href="/wiki/Yellow_badge" title="Yellow badge">yellow star</a>. In China, bright yellow was the color of the Middle Kingdom, and could be worn only by the emperor and his household; special guests were welcomed on a yellow carpet.<sup id="cite_ref-Eva_Heller_2000_p._82_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Eva_Heller_2000_p._82-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to surveys in Europe, Canada, the United States and elsewhere, yellow is the color people most often associate with amusement, gentleness, humor, happiness, and spontaneity; however it can also be associated with duplicity, envy, jealousy, greed, justice, and, in the U.S., cowardice.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Chaharshanbe_Suri" title="Chaharshanbe Suri">In Iran</a> it has connotations of pallor/sickness,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but also wisdom and connection.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In China and many Asian countries, it is seen as the color of royalty, nobility, respect, happiness, glory, harmony and wisdom.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2></div> <p>The word <i>yellow</i> is from the <a href="/wiki/Old_English" title="Old English">Old English</a> <span title="Old English (ca. 450-1100)-language text"><i lang="ang">geolu, geolwe</i></span> (<a href="/wiki/Oblique_case" title="Oblique case">oblique case</a>), meaning "yellow, and yellowish", derived from the <a href="/wiki/Proto-Germanic" class="mw-redirect" title="Proto-Germanic">Proto-Germanic</a> word <i>gelwaz</i> "yellow". It has the same <a href="/wiki/Indo-European" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-European">Indo-European</a> base, <i><span title="Indo-European languages collective text"><i lang="ine">gel-</i></span></i>, as the words <i>gold</i> and <i>yell</i>; <i>gʰel-</i> means both bright and gleaming, and to cry out.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The English term is related to other <a href="/wiki/Germanic_languages" title="Germanic languages">Germanic</a> words for <i>yellow</i>, namely <a href="/wiki/Scots_language" title="Scots language">Scots</a> <i><span title="Scots-language text"><i lang="sco">yella</i></span></i>, <a href="/wiki/East_Frisian_language" title="East Frisian language">East Frisian</a> <i>jeel</i>, <a href="/wiki/West_Frisian_language" title="West Frisian language">West Frisian</a> <i><span title="West Frisian-language text"><i lang="fy">giel</i></span></i>, <a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a> <i><span title="Dutch-language text"><i lang="nl">geel</i></span></i>, <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a> <i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">gelb</i></span></i>, and <a href="/wiki/Swedish_language" title="Swedish language">Swedish</a> and <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_language" title="Norwegian language">Norwegian</a> <i><span title="Swedish-language text"><i lang="sv">gul</i></span></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the <i><a href="/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary" title="Oxford English Dictionary">Oxford English Dictionary</a></i>, the oldest known use of this word in English is from <i>The Epinal Glossary</i> in 700.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Science_and_nature">Science and nature</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Optics,_color_printing,_and_computer_screens"><span id="Optics.2C_color_printing.2C_and_computer_screens"></span>Optics, color printing, and computer screens</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">Process Yellow (subtractive primary)</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader mw-no-invert" style="line-height:12px; background-color:#FFEF00!important; border: 0.1px solid #000000"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><span style="position: relative; float: right; font-size: 70%"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Color/Normalized_Color_Coordinates" title="About these coordinates"><img alt="About these coordinates" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Gtk-dialog-info.svg/15px-Gtk-dialog-info.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Gtk-dialog-info.svg/23px-Gtk-dialog-info.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Gtk-dialog-info.svg/30px-Gtk-dialog-info.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></span>     Color coordinates</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Web_colors#Hex_triplet" title="Web colors">Hex triplet</a></th><td class="infobox-data">#FFEF00</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/SRGB" title="SRGB">sRGB</a><sup><b>B</b></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Red" title="Red">r</a>, <a href="/wiki/Green" title="Green">g</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blue" title="Blue">b</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap">(255, 239, 0)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/HSL_and_HSV" title="HSL and HSV">HSV</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hue" title="Hue">h</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colorfulness#Saturation" title="Colorfulness">s</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brightness" title="Brightness">v</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap">(56°, 100%, 100%)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/CIELChuv" class="mw-redirect" title="CIELChuv">CIELCh<sub>uv</sub></a> (<a href="/wiki/Lightness" title="Lightness">L</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colorfulness" title="Colorfulness">C</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hue" title="Hue">h</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap">(93, 103, 80°)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Source</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120626160106/http://www.tintbook.com/">[1]</a> <a href="/wiki/CMYK" class="mw-redirect" title="CMYK">CMYK</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISCC%E2%80%93NBS_system" title="ISCC–NBS system">ISCC–NBS descriptor</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Vivid greenish yellow</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><b>B</b>: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)<br /></td></tr></tbody></table> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 152px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CMYK_color_swatches.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Color printing typically uses ink of four colors: cyan, magenta, yellow, and key(black). When CMY "primaries" are combined at full strength, the resulting "secondary" mixtures are red, green, and blue."><img alt="Color printing typically uses ink of four colors: cyan, magenta, yellow, and key(black). When CMY "primaries" are combined at full strength, the resulting "secondary" mixtures are red, green, and blue." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/CMYK_color_swatches.svg/225px-CMYK_color_swatches.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/CMYK_color_swatches.svg/338px-CMYK_color_swatches.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/CMYK_color_swatches.svg/450px-CMYK_color_swatches.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Color printing typically uses ink of four colors: <a href="/wiki/Cyan" title="Cyan">cyan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Magenta" title="Magenta">magenta</a>, yellow, and <a href="/wiki/Black" title="Black">key</a>(black). When CMY "primaries" are combined at full strength, the resulting "secondary" mixtures are red, green, and blue.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 152px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SubtractiveColor.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mixing all three theoretically results in black, but imperfect ink formulations do not give true black, which is why an additional K component is needed."><img alt="Mixing all three theoretically results in black, but imperfect ink formulations do not give true black, which is why an additional K component is needed." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/SubtractiveColor.svg/225px-SubtractiveColor.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/SubtractiveColor.svg/338px-SubtractiveColor.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/SubtractiveColor.svg/450px-SubtractiveColor.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Mixing all three theoretically results in black, but imperfect ink formulations do not give true black, which is why an additional <i>K</i> component is needed.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 94.666666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 92.666666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:NIEdot367.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="An example of color printing from 1902. Combining images in yellow, magenta and cyan creates a full-color picture. This is called the CMYK color model."><img alt="An example of color printing from 1902. Combining images in yellow, magenta and cyan creates a full-color picture. This is called the CMYK color model." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/NIEdot367.jpg/139px-NIEdot367.jpg" decoding="async" width="93" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/NIEdot367.jpg/209px-NIEdot367.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/NIEdot367.jpg/278px-NIEdot367.jpg 2x" data-file-width="832" data-file-height="1344" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">An example of color printing from 1902. Combining images in yellow, magenta and cyan creates a full-color picture. This is called the CMYK color model.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 152px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Red_and_green_make_yellow.png" class="mw-file-description" title="On a computer display, yellow is created by combining green and red light at the right intensity on a black screen."><img alt="On a computer display, yellow is created by combining green and red light at the right intensity on a black screen." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Red_and_green_make_yellow.png/225px-Red_and_green_make_yellow.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Red_and_green_make_yellow.png/338px-Red_and_green_make_yellow.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Red_and_green_make_yellow.png/450px-Red_and_green_make_yellow.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">On a computer display, yellow is created by combining green and red light at the right intensity on a black screen.</div> </li> </ul> <p>Yellow is found between green and red on the spectrum of visible light. It is the color the human eye sees when it looks at light with a <a href="/wiki/Dominant_wavelength" title="Dominant wavelength">dominant wavelength</a> between 570 and 590 nanometers. </p><p>In color printing, yellow is one of the three subtractive primary colors of ink along with <a href="/wiki/Magenta" title="Magenta">magenta</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cyan" title="Cyan">cyan</a>. Together with <a href="/wiki/Black" title="Black">black</a>, they can be overlaid in the right combination to print any full color image. (See the <a href="/wiki/CMYK_color_model" title="CMYK color model">CMYK color model</a>). A particular yellow is used, called Process yellow (also known as "pigment yellow", "printer's yellow", and "canary yellow"). Process yellow is not an RGB color, and there is no fixed conversion from CMYK primaries to RGB. Different formulations are used for printer's ink, so there can be variations in the printed color that is pure yellow ink. </p><p>The yellow on a color television or computer screen is created in a completely different way; by combining green and red light at the right level of intensity. (See <a href="/wiki/RGB_color_model" title="RGB color model">RGB color model</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Complementary_colors">Complementary colors</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Complementary_colors" title="Complementary colors">Complementary colors</a></div><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PlanckianLocusWithYellowComplements.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/PlanckianLocusWithYellowComplements.png/170px-PlanckianLocusWithYellowComplements.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="191" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/PlanckianLocusWithYellowComplements.png/255px-PlanckianLocusWithYellowComplements.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/PlanckianLocusWithYellowComplements.png/340px-PlanckianLocusWithYellowComplements.png 2x" data-file-width="1300" data-file-height="1462" /></a><figcaption>Complements of yellow have a dominant wavelength in the range 380 to 480 nm. The green lines show several possible pairs of complementary colors with respect to different blackbody color temperature neutrals, illustrated by the "<a href="/wiki/Planckian_locus" title="Planckian locus">Planckian locus</a>".</figcaption></figure> <p>Traditionally, the complementary color of yellow is purple; the two colors are opposite each other on the color wheel long used by painters.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh">Vincent van Gogh</a>, an avid student of color theory, used combinations of yellow and purple in several of his paintings for the maximum contrast and harmony.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hunt defines that "two colors are complementary when it is possible to reproduce the tristimulus values of a specified achromatic stimulus by an additive mixture of these two stimuli."<sup id="cite_ref-hunt_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hunt-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That is, when two colored lights can be mixed to match a specified white (achromatic, non-colored) light, the colors of those two lights are <a href="/wiki/Complementary_color" class="mw-redirect" title="Complementary color">complementary</a>. This definition, however, does not constrain what version of white will be specified. In the nineteenth century, the scientists <a href="/wiki/Hermann_Grassmann" title="Hermann Grassmann">Grassmann</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hermann_von_Helmholtz" title="Hermann von Helmholtz">Helmholtz</a> did experiments in which they concluded that finding a good complement for spectral yellow was difficult, but that the result was indigo, that is, a wavelength that today's color scientists would call violet or purple. Helmholtz says "Yellow and indigo blue" are complements.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Grassmann reconstructs Newton's category boundaries in terms of wavelengths and says "This indigo therefore falls within the limits of color between which, according to Helmholtz, the complementary colors of yellow lie."<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Newton's own color circle has yellow directly opposite the boundary between indigo and violet. These results, that the complement of yellow is a wavelength shorter than 450 nm, are derivable from the modern <a href="/wiki/CIE_1931" class="mw-redirect" title="CIE 1931">CIE 1931</a> system of colorimetry if it is assumed that the yellow is about 580 nm or shorter wavelength, and the specified white is the color of a blackbody radiator of temperature 2800 <a href="/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin">K</a> or lower (that is, the white of an ordinary incandescent light bulb). More typically, with a daylight-colored or around 5000 to 6000 K white, the complement of yellow will be in the blue wavelength range, which is the standard modern answer for the complement of yellow. </p><p>Because of the characteristics of paint pigments and use of different <a href="/wiki/Color_wheel" title="Color wheel">color wheels</a>, painters traditionally regard the complement of yellow as the color indigo or blue-violet. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Lasers">Lasers</h4></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Laser" title="Laser">Lasers</a> emitting in the yellow part of the spectrum are less common and more expensive than most other colors.<sup id="cite_ref-laserglow_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-laserglow-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In commercial products diode pumped solid state (<a href="/wiki/Diode-pumped_solid-state_laser" title="Diode-pumped solid-state laser">DPSS</a>) technology is employed to create the yellow light. An infrared laser diode at 808 nm is used to pump a crystal of neodymium-doped yttrium vanadium oxide (Nd:YVO4) or neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) and induces it to emit at two frequencies (281.76 THz and 223.39 THz: 1064 nm and 1342 nm wavelengths) simultaneously. This deeper infrared light is then passed through another crystal containing potassium, titanium and phosphorus (KTP), whose non-linear properties generate light at a frequency that is the sum of the two incident beams (505.15 THz); in this case corresponding to the wavelength of 593.5 nm ("yellow").<sup id="cite_ref-ledmuseum_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ledmuseum-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This wavelength is also available, though even more rarely, from a <a href="/wiki/Helium%E2%80%93neon_laser" title="Helium–neon laser">helium–neon laser</a>. However, this not a true yellow, as it exceeds 590 nm. A variant of this same DPSS technology using slightly different starting frequencies was made available in 2010, producing a wavelength of 589 nm, which is considered a true yellow color.<sup id="cite_ref-laserglow2_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-laserglow2-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The use of yellow lasers at 589 nm and 594 nm have recently become more widespread thanks to the field of <a href="/wiki/Optogenetics" title="Optogenetics">optogenetics</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-laserglow3_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-laserglow3-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Astronomy">Astronomy</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Astronomy" title="Astronomy">Astronomy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yellow_supergiant" title="Yellow supergiant">Yellow supergiant</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cepheid_variable" title="Cepheid variable">Cepheid variable</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Star" title="Star">Stars</a> of <a href="/wiki/Stellar_classification" title="Stellar classification">spectral classes</a> F and G have <a href="/wiki/Color_temperature" title="Color temperature">color temperatures</a> that make them look "yellowish".<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first astronomer to classify stars according to their color was <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Georg_Wilhelm_von_Struve" title="Friedrich Georg Wilhelm von Struve">F. G. W. Struve</a> in 1827. One of his classifications was <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">flavae</i></span>, or yellow, and this roughly corresponded to stars in the modern spectral range F5 to K0.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Str%C3%B6mgren_photometric_system" title="Strömgren photometric system">Strömgren photometric system</a> for stellar classification includes a 'y' or yellow filter that is centered at a wavelength of 550 nm and has a bandwidth of 20–30 nm.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Supergiant" title="Supergiant">Supergiant</a> stars are rarely <a href="/wiki/Yellow_supergiant" title="Yellow supergiant">yellow supergiants</a> because F and G class supergiants are physically unstable; they are most often a transitional phase between <a href="/wiki/Blue_supergiants" class="mw-redirect" title="Blue supergiants">blue supergiants</a> and <a href="/wiki/Red_supergiant" title="Red supergiant">red supergiants</a>. Some yellow supergiants, the <a href="/wiki/Cepheid_variables" class="mw-redirect" title="Cepheid variables">Cepheid variables</a>, pulsate with a period proportional to their <a href="/wiki/Absolute_magnitude" title="Absolute magnitude">absolute magnitude</a>; hence, if their <a href="/wiki/Apparent_magnitude" title="Apparent magnitude">apparent magnitude</a> is known, the distance to them can be calculated with great precision.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cepheid variables were hence used to determine distances within and beyond the <a href="/wiki/Milky_Way" title="Milky Way">Milky Way</a> galaxy. The most famous example is the current North Pole star, <a href="/wiki/Polaris" title="Polaris">Polaris</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Biology">Biology</h3></div> <p>Autumn <a href="/wiki/Leaves" class="mw-redirect" title="Leaves">leaves</a>, yellow flowers, bananas, oranges and other yellow fruits all contain <a href="/wiki/Carotenoid" title="Carotenoid">carotenoids</a>, yellow and red organic pigments that are found in the <a href="/wiki/Chloroplast" title="Chloroplast">chloroplasts</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chromoplast" title="Chromoplast">chromoplasts</a> of plants and some other <a href="/wiki/Photosynthetic" class="mw-redirect" title="Photosynthetic">photosynthetic</a> organisms like <a href="/wiki/Algae" title="Algae">algae</a>, some bacteria and some fungi. They serve two key roles in plants and algae: they absorb light energy for use in <a href="/wiki/Photosynthesis" title="Photosynthesis">photosynthesis</a>, and they protect the green <a href="/wiki/Chlorophyll" title="Chlorophyll">chlorophyll</a> from photodamage.<sup id="cite_ref-fasebj.org_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fasebj.org-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In late summer, as <a href="/wiki/Daylight" title="Daylight">daylight</a> hours shorten and temperatures cool, the <a href="/wiki/Vein" title="Vein">veins</a> that carry fluids into and out of the leaf are gradually closed off. The water and mineral intake into the leaf is reduced, slowly at first, and then more rapidly. It is during this time that the chlorophyll begins to decrease. As the chlorophyll diminishes, the yellow and red carotenoids become more and more visible, creating the classic <a href="/wiki/Autumn_leaf_color" title="Autumn leaf color">autumn leaf color</a>. </p><p>Carotenoids are common in many living things; they give the characteristic color to carrots, maize, <a href="/wiki/Daffodil" class="mw-redirect" title="Daffodil">daffodils</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rutabaga" title="Rutabaga">rutabagas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Buttercup" class="mw-redirect" title="Buttercup">buttercups</a> and bananas. They are responsible for the red of cooked <a href="/wiki/Lobster" title="Lobster">lobsters</a>, the pink of <a href="/wiki/Flamingoes" class="mw-redirect" title="Flamingoes">flamingoes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Salmon" title="Salmon">salmon</a> and the yellow of <a href="/wiki/Domestic_canary" title="Domestic canary">canaries</a> and <a href="/wiki/Egg_yolk" class="mw-redirect" title="Egg yolk">egg yolks</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Xanthophylls" class="mw-redirect" title="Xanthophylls">Xanthophylls</a> are the most common yellow <a href="/wiki/Pigment" title="Pigment">pigments</a> that form one of two major divisions of the carotenoid group. The name is from Greek <i>xanthos</i> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ξανθος</span></span>, "yellow") + <i>phyllon</i> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">φύλλον</span></span>, "leaf"). Xanthophylls are most commonly found in the leaves of green plants, but they also find their way into animals through the food they eat. For example, the yellow color of chicken egg yolks, fat, and skin comes from the feed the chickens consume. Chicken farmers understand this, and often add <a href="/wiki/Xanthophyll" title="Xanthophyll">xanthophylls</a>, usually <a href="/wiki/Lutein" title="Lutein">lutein</a>, to make the egg yolks more yellow. </p><p>Bananas are green when they are picked because of the chlorophyll their skin contains. Once picked, they begin to ripen; <a href="/wiki/Hormones" class="mw-redirect" title="Hormones">hormones</a> in the bananas convert amino acids into ethylene gas, which stimulates the production of several <a href="/wiki/Enzymes" class="mw-redirect" title="Enzymes">enzymes</a>. These enzymes start to change the color, texture and flavor of the banana. The green chlorophyll supply is stopped and the yellow color of the carotenoids replaces it; eventually, as the enzymes continue their work, the cell walls break down and the bananas turn brown. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 212px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fall_colors_near_the_Eagle_Lake_trailhead.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Autumn colors along the Eagle River near Anchorage, Alaska"><img alt="Autumn colors along the Eagle River near Anchorage, Alaska" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Fall_colors_near_the_Eagle_Lake_trailhead.jpg/315px-Fall_colors_near_the_Eagle_Lake_trailhead.jpg" decoding="async" width="210" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Fall_colors_near_the_Eagle_Lake_trailhead.jpg/473px-Fall_colors_near_the_Eagle_Lake_trailhead.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Fall_colors_near_the_Eagle_Lake_trailhead.jpg/630px-Fall_colors_near_the_Eagle_Lake_trailhead.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3504" data-file-height="2336" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Autumn colors along the <a href="/wiki/Eagle_River_(Cook_Inlet)" title="Eagle River (Cook Inlet)">Eagle River</a> near <a href="/wiki/Anchorage" class="mw-redirect" title="Anchorage">Anchorage</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">Alaska</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 212px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cornwall_Daffodils.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Daffodils in Cornwall"><img alt="Daffodils in Cornwall" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Cornwall_Daffodils.jpg/315px-Cornwall_Daffodils.jpg" decoding="async" width="210" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Cornwall_Daffodils.jpg/473px-Cornwall_Daffodils.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Cornwall_Daffodils.jpg/630px-Cornwall_Daffodils.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3028" data-file-height="2019" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Daffodils" class="mw-redirect" title="Daffodils">Daffodils</a> in Cornwall</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 212.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bananas.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bananas, like autumn leaves, canaries and egg yolks, get their yellow color from natural pigments called carotenoids."><img alt="Bananas, like autumn leaves, canaries and egg yolks, get their yellow color from natural pigments called carotenoids." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Bananas.jpg/316px-Bananas.jpg" decoding="async" width="211" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Bananas.jpg/474px-Bananas.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Bananas.jpg/632px-Bananas.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Banana" title="Banana">Bananas</a>, like autumn <a href="/wiki/Leaves" class="mw-redirect" title="Leaves">leaves</a>, <a href="/wiki/Domestic_canary" title="Domestic canary">canaries</a> and <a href="/wiki/Egg_yolks" class="mw-redirect" title="Egg yolks">egg yolks</a>, get their yellow color from natural pigments called <a href="/wiki/Carotenoids" class="mw-redirect" title="Carotenoids">carotenoids</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 202.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Raw_egg.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The yolk of a raw egg. The color comes from the xanthophyll carotenoids lutein and zeaxanthin"><img alt="The yolk of a raw egg. The color comes from the xanthophyll carotenoids lutein and zeaxanthin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Raw_egg.jpg/301px-Raw_egg.jpg" decoding="async" width="201" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Raw_egg.jpg/452px-Raw_egg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Raw_egg.jpg/603px-Raw_egg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2436" data-file-height="1698" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The yolk of a raw egg. The color comes from the <a href="/wiki/Xanthophyll" title="Xanthophyll">xanthophyll</a> carotenoids <a href="/wiki/Lutein" title="Lutein">lutein</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zeaxanthin" title="Zeaxanthin">zeaxanthin</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 212px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Duckling_chicks_(Unsplash).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Duckling chicks"><img alt="Duckling chicks" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Duckling_chicks_%28Unsplash%29.jpg/315px-Duckling_chicks_%28Unsplash%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="210" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Duckling_chicks_%28Unsplash%29.jpg/473px-Duckling_chicks_%28Unsplash%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Duckling_chicks_%28Unsplash%29.jpg/630px-Duckling_chicks_%28Unsplash%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4272" data-file-height="2848" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Duckling chicks</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Fish">Fish</h4></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yellowtail_(fish)" title="Yellowtail (fish)">Yellowtail</a> is the common name for dozens of different fish species that have yellow tails or a yellow body. Most of the time, yellowtail(fish) actually refers to Japanese amberjack, a fish that lives between Japan and Hawaii.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellowfin_tuna" title="Yellowfin tuna">Yellowfin tuna</a> (<i>Thunnus albacares</i>) is a species of tuna, having bright yellow <a href="/wiki/Anal_fin" class="mw-redirect" title="Anal fin">anal</a> and second <a href="/wiki/Dorsal_fin" title="Dorsal fin">dorsal fins</a>. Found in tropical and subtropical seas and weighing up to 200 kg (440 lb), it is caught as a replacement for depleted stocks of <a href="/wiki/Bluefin_tuna" title="Bluefin tuna">bluefin tuna</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smallmouth_yellowfish" title="Smallmouth yellowfish">Smallmouth yellowfish</a> (Labeobarbus aeneus) is a species of <a href="/wiki/Ray-finned_fish" class="mw-redirect" title="Ray-finned fish">ray-finned fish</a> in the genus <a href="/wiki/Labeobarbus" title="Labeobarbus">Labeobarbus</a>. It has become an invasive species in rivers of the Eastern Cape, South Africa, such as the Mbhashe River.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Insects">Insects</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:European_wasp_white_bg.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/European_wasp_white_bg.jpg/220px-European_wasp_white_bg.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/European_wasp_white_bg.jpg/330px-European_wasp_white_bg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/European_wasp_white_bg.jpg/440px-European_wasp_white_bg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1066" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Yellow_jacket" class="mw-redirect" title="Yellow jacket">yellow jacket</a> <a href="/wiki/Wasp" title="Wasp">wasp</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Yellow-fever_mosquito" class="mw-redirect" title="Yellow-fever mosquito">yellow-fever mosquito</a> (<i>Aedes aegypti</i>) is a mosquito so named because it transmits <a href="/wiki/Dengue_fever" title="Dengue fever">dengue fever</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yellow_fever" title="Yellow fever">yellow fever</a>, the mosquito-borne viruses.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellowjacket" title="Yellowjacket">Yellowjackets</a> are black-and-yellow <a href="/wiki/Wasp" title="Wasp">wasps</a> of the genus <i>Vespula</i> or <i>Dolichovespula</i> (though some can be black-and-white, the most notable of these being the <a href="/wiki/Bald-faced_hornet" class="mw-redirect" title="Bald-faced hornet">bald-faced hornet</a>, <i>Dolichovespula maculata</i>). They can be identified by their distinctive black-and-yellow color, small size (slightly larger than a <a href="/wiki/Bee" title="Bee">bee</a>), and entirely black <a href="/wiki/Antenna_(biology)" title="Antenna (biology)">antennae</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Trees">Trees</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Snowbowlaspens.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Snowbowlaspens.jpg/220px-Snowbowlaspens.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Snowbowlaspens.jpg/330px-Snowbowlaspens.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Snowbowlaspens.jpg/440px-Snowbowlaspens.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="898" /></a><figcaption>American aspens, <i><a href="/wiki/Populus_tremuloides" title="Populus tremuloides">Populus tremuloides</a></i></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Populus_tremuloides" title="Populus tremuloides">Populus tremuloides</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Deciduous" title="Deciduous">deciduous</a> tree native to cooler areas of North America, one of several species referred to by the common name <a href="/wiki/Aspen" title="Aspen">aspen</a>. <i>Populus tremuloides</i> is the most widely distributed tree in North America, being found from Canada to central Mexico.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Yellow_birch" class="mw-redirect" title="Yellow birch">yellow birch</a> (<i>Betula alleghaniensis</i>) is a <a href="/wiki/Birch" title="Birch">birch</a> species native to eastern North America, from Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and southern Quebec west to Minnesota, and south in the Appalachian Mountains to northern Georgia. They are medium-sized <a href="/wiki/Deciduous" title="Deciduous">deciduous</a> trees and can reach about 20 m (66 ft) tall, trunks up to 80 cm (31 in) in diameter. The bark is smooth and yellow-bronze,<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the wood is extensively used for flooring, cabinetry, and toothpicks.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Thorny_Yellowwood" class="mw-redirect" title="Thorny Yellowwood">Thorny Yellowwood</a> is an Australian rainforest tree which has deep yellow wood.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liriodendron" title="Liriodendron">Yellow poplar</a> is a common name for <i><a href="/wiki/Liriodendron" title="Liriodendron">Liriodendron</a></i>, the <a href="/wiki/Tuliptree" class="mw-redirect" title="Tuliptree">tuliptree</a>. The common name is inaccurate as this genus is not related to poplars.</li> <li>The <i><a href="/wiki/Handroanthus_albus" title="Handroanthus albus">Handroanthus albus</a></i> is a tree with yellow flowers native to the <a href="/wiki/Cerrado" title="Cerrado">Cerrado</a> of Brazil.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History,_art,_and_fashion"><span id="History.2C_art.2C_and_fashion"></span>History, art, and fashion</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prehistory">Prehistory</h3></div> <p>Yellow, in the form of <a href="/wiki/Yellow_ochre" class="mw-redirect" title="Yellow ochre">yellow ochre</a> pigment made from clay, was one of the first colors used in prehistoric cave art. The cave of <a href="/wiki/Lascaux" title="Lascaux">Lascaux</a> has an image of a horse colored with yellow estimated to be 17,300 years old. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ancient_history">Ancient history</h3></div> <p>In Ancient <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>, yellow was associated with gold, which was considered to be imperishable, eternal and indestructible. The skin and bones of the gods were believed to be made of gold. The Egyptians used yellow extensively in tomb paintings; they usually used either yellow ochre or the brilliant <a href="/wiki/Orpiment" title="Orpiment">orpiment</a>, though it was made of <a href="/wiki/Arsenic" title="Arsenic">arsenic</a> and was highly toxic. A small paintbox with orpiment pigment was found in the tomb of King <a href="/wiki/Tutankhamun" title="Tutankhamun">Tutankhamun</a>. Men were always shown with brown faces, women with yellow ochre or gold faces.<sup id="cite_ref-webexhibits.org_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-webexhibits.org-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The ancient Romans used yellow in their paintings to represent gold and also in skin tones. It is found frequently in the murals of <a href="/wiki/Pompeii" title="Pompeii">Pompeii</a>. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 214.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 212.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lascaux2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image of a horse colored with yellow ochre from Lascaux cave."><img alt="Image of a horse colored with yellow ochre from Lascaux cave." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Lascaux2.jpg/319px-Lascaux2.jpg" decoding="async" width="213" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Lascaux2.jpg/479px-Lascaux2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/07/Lascaux2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="598" data-file-height="450" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Image of a horse colored with <a href="/wiki/Yellow_ochre" class="mw-redirect" title="Yellow ochre">yellow ochre</a> from <a href="/wiki/Lascaux" title="Lascaux">Lascaux</a> cave.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 169.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 167.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tomb_of_Nakht.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Paintings in the Tomb of Nakht in ancient Egypt (15th century BC)."><img alt="Paintings in the Tomb of Nakht in ancient Egypt (15th century BC)." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Tomb_of_Nakht.jpg/251px-Tomb_of_Nakht.jpg" decoding="async" width="168" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Tomb_of_Nakht.jpg/377px-Tomb_of_Nakht.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Tomb_of_Nakht.jpg/503px-Tomb_of_Nakht.jpg 2x" data-file-width="735" data-file-height="702" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Paintings in the Tomb of Nakht in <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egypt" title="Ancient Egypt">ancient Egypt</a> (15th century BC).</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 108.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 106.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Harfenspielerin_R%C3%B6misches_Fresko.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Yellow ochre was often used in wall paintings in Ancient Roman villas and towns."><img alt="Yellow ochre was often used in wall paintings in Ancient Roman villas and towns." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Harfenspielerin_R%C3%B6misches_Fresko.jpg/160px-Harfenspielerin_R%C3%B6misches_Fresko.jpg" decoding="async" width="107" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Harfenspielerin_R%C3%B6misches_Fresko.jpg/240px-Harfenspielerin_R%C3%B6misches_Fresko.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Harfenspielerin_R%C3%B6misches_Fresko.jpg/320px-Harfenspielerin_R%C3%B6misches_Fresko.jpg 2x" data-file-width="333" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Yellow ochre was often used in wall paintings in Ancient Roman villas and towns.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 122px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mosaic_of_Justinianus_I_-_Basilica_San_Vitale_(Ravenna).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Byzantine art made lavish use of gold, seen in this detail of the mosaic of the Emperor Justinian from the Basilica of San Vitale in Ravenna, Italy (before 547 AD)."><img alt="Byzantine art made lavish use of gold, seen in this detail of the mosaic of the Emperor Justinian from the Basilica of San Vitale in Ravenna, Italy (before 547 AD)." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Mosaic_of_Justinianus_I_-_Basilica_San_Vitale_%28Ravenna%29.jpg/180px-Mosaic_of_Justinianus_I_-_Basilica_San_Vitale_%28Ravenna%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Mosaic_of_Justinianus_I_-_Basilica_San_Vitale_%28Ravenna%29.jpg/270px-Mosaic_of_Justinianus_I_-_Basilica_San_Vitale_%28Ravenna%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Mosaic_of_Justinianus_I_-_Basilica_San_Vitale_%28Ravenna%29.jpg/360px-Mosaic_of_Justinianus_I_-_Basilica_San_Vitale_%28Ravenna%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1997" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_art" title="Byzantine art">Byzantine art</a> made lavish use of gold, seen in this detail of the <a href="/wiki/Mosaic" title="Mosaic">mosaic</a> of the Emperor <a href="/wiki/Justinian" class="mw-redirect" title="Justinian">Justinian</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_San_Vitale" title="Basilica of San Vitale">Basilica of San Vitale</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ravenna" title="Ravenna">Ravenna</a>, Italy (before 547 AD).</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Byzantine_imperial_flag,_14th_century,_square.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="The flag of the Paleologus dynasty of Byzantine emperors was red and gold."><img alt="The flag of the Paleologus dynasty of Byzantine emperors was red and gold." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Byzantine_imperial_flag%2C_14th_century%2C_square.svg/240px-Byzantine_imperial_flag%2C_14th_century%2C_square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="160" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Byzantine_imperial_flag%2C_14th_century%2C_square.svg/360px-Byzantine_imperial_flag%2C_14th_century%2C_square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Byzantine_imperial_flag%2C_14th_century%2C_square.svg/480px-Byzantine_imperial_flag%2C_14th_century%2C_square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="700" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The flag of the <a href="/wiki/Paleologus_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Paleologus dynasty">Paleologus dynasty</a> of Byzantine emperors was red and gold. </div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post-classical_history">Post-classical history</h3></div> <p>During the Post-Classical period, yellow became firmly established as the color of <a href="/wiki/Judas_Iscariot" title="Judas Iscariot">Judas Iscariot</a>, the disciple who betrayed <a href="/wiki/Jesus_Christ" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesus Christ">Jesus Christ</a>, even though the Bible never describes his clothing. From this connection, yellow also took on associations with <a href="/wiki/Envy" title="Envy">envy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jealousy" title="Jealousy">jealousy</a> and duplicity. </p><p>The tradition started in the Renaissance of marking non-Christian outsiders, such as Jews, with the color yellow. In <a href="/wiki/History_of_Spain" title="History of Spain">16th-century Spain</a>, those accused of <a href="/wiki/Heresy" title="Heresy">heresy</a> and who refused to renounce their views were compelled to come before the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Inquisition" title="Spanish Inquisition">Spanish Inquisition</a> dressed in a yellow cape.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The color yellow has been historically associated with moneylenders and finance. The <a href="/wiki/National_Pawnbrokers_Association" title="National Pawnbrokers Association">National Pawnbrokers Association</a>'s logo depicts three golden spheres hanging from a bar, referencing the three bags of gold that the patron saint of pawnbroking, <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_of_Myra" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicholas of Myra">St. Nicholas</a>, holds in his hands. Additionally, the symbol of three golden orbs is found in the coat of arms of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Medici" title="House of Medici">House of Medici</a>, a famous fifteenth-century Italian dynasty of bankers and lenders.<sup id="cite_ref-Yellowtown_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yellowtown-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 144px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 142px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Thomas_Becket_Murder.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Saffron was sometimes used as a pigment in Medieval manuscripts, such as this page showing the murder of Thomas Becket at Canterbury Cathedral, c. 1200"><img alt="Saffron was sometimes used as a pigment in Medieval manuscripts, such as this page showing the murder of Thomas Becket at Canterbury Cathedral. (Circa 1200)." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Thomas_Becket_Murder.JPG/213px-Thomas_Becket_Murder.JPG" decoding="async" width="142" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Thomas_Becket_Murder.JPG/319px-Thomas_Becket_Murder.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Thomas_Becket_Murder.JPG/425px-Thomas_Becket_Murder.JPG 2x" data-file-width="936" data-file-height="1320" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Saffron" title="Saffron">Saffron</a> was sometimes used as a pigment in Medieval manuscripts, such as this page showing the murder of <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Becket" title="Thomas Becket">Thomas Becket</a> at <a href="/wiki/Canterbury_Cathedral" title="Canterbury Cathedral">Canterbury Cathedral</a>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1200</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 207.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 205.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Giotto_-_Scrovegni_-_-31-_-_Kiss_of_Judas.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Kiss of Judas (1304–06) by Giotto di Bondone, followed the Medieval tradition of clothing Judas Iscariot in a yellow toga."><img alt="The Kiss of Judas (1304–06) by Giotto di Bondone, followed the Medieval tradition of clothing Judas Iscariot in a yellow toga." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Giotto_-_Scrovegni_-_-31-_-_Kiss_of_Judas.jpg/308px-Giotto_-_Scrovegni_-_-31-_-_Kiss_of_Judas.jpg" decoding="async" width="206" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Giotto_-_Scrovegni_-_-31-_-_Kiss_of_Judas.jpg/462px-Giotto_-_Scrovegni_-_-31-_-_Kiss_of_Judas.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Giotto_-_Scrovegni_-_-31-_-_Kiss_of_Judas.jpg/615px-Giotto_-_Scrovegni_-_-31-_-_Kiss_of_Judas.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3371" data-file-height="3287" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <i>Kiss of Judas</i> (1304–06) by <a href="/wiki/Giotto_di_Bondone" class="mw-redirect" title="Giotto di Bondone">Giotto di Bondone</a>, followed the Medieval tradition of clothing <a href="/wiki/Judas_Iscariot" title="Judas Iscariot">Judas Iscariot</a> in a yellow toga.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 158px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 156px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Robert_Dudley.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Robert Dudley, 1st Earl of Leicester (1560–1565)"><img alt="Robert Dudley, 1st Earl of Leicester (1560–1565)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Robert_Dudley.jpg/234px-Robert_Dudley.jpg" decoding="async" width="156" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Robert_Dudley.jpg/351px-Robert_Dudley.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Robert_Dudley.jpg/468px-Robert_Dudley.jpg 2x" data-file-width="623" data-file-height="799" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Dudley,_1st_Earl_of_Leicester" title="Robert Dudley, 1st Earl of Leicester">Robert Dudley, 1st Earl of Leicester</a> (1560–1565)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 177.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 175.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Young_Man_in_a_Yellow_Robe_c1630-1631_Jan_Lievens.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Young Man in a Yellow Robe Jan Lievens, c. 1630–1631"><img alt="Young Man in a Yellow Robe Jan Lievens, c. 1630–1631" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Young_Man_in_a_Yellow_Robe_c1630-1631_Jan_Lievens.jpg/263px-Young_Man_in_a_Yellow_Robe_c1630-1631_Jan_Lievens.jpg" decoding="async" width="176" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Young_Man_in_a_Yellow_Robe_c1630-1631_Jan_Lievens.jpg/395px-Young_Man_in_a_Yellow_Robe_c1630-1631_Jan_Lievens.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Young_Man_in_a_Yellow_Robe_c1630-1631_Jan_Lievens.jpg/526px-Young_Man_in_a_Yellow_Robe_c1630-1631_Jan_Lievens.jpg 2x" data-file-width="897" data-file-height="1023" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Young Man in a Yellow Robe</i> <a href="/wiki/Jan_Lievens" title="Jan Lievens">Jan Lievens</a>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1630–1631</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 180.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 178.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Johannes_Vermeer_-_Het_melkmeisje_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Milkmaid by Johannes Vermeer, c.1658"><img alt="The Milkmaid by Johannes Vermeer (c. 1658)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Johannes_Vermeer_-_Het_melkmeisje_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/268px-Johannes_Vermeer_-_Het_melkmeisje_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="179" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Johannes_Vermeer_-_Het_melkmeisje_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/401px-Johannes_Vermeer_-_Het_melkmeisje_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Johannes_Vermeer_-_Het_melkmeisje_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/535px-Johannes_Vermeer_-_Het_melkmeisje_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="4485" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/The_Milkmaid_(Vermeer)" title="The Milkmaid (Vermeer)"><i>The Milkmaid</i></a> by <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Vermeer" title="Johannes Vermeer">Johannes Vermeer</a>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr>1658</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern_history">Modern history</h3></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="18th_and_19th_centuries">18th and 19th centuries</h4></div> <p>The 18th and 19th century saw the discovery and manufacture of synthetic pigments and dyes, which quickly replaced the traditional yellows made from arsenic, cow urine, and other substances. </p><p><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1776</span>, <a href="/wiki/Jean-Honor%C3%A9_Fragonard" title="Jean-Honoré Fragonard">Jean-Honoré Fragonard</a> painted <i><a href="/wiki/A_Young_Girl_Reading" title="A Young Girl Reading">A Young Girl Reading</a></i>. She is dressed in a bright saffron yellow dress. This painting is "considered by many critics to be among Fragonard's most appealing and masterly".<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 19th-century British painter <a href="/wiki/J._M._W._Turner" title="J. M. W. Turner">J. M. W. Turner</a> was one of the first in that century to use yellow to create moods and emotions, the way romantic composers were using music. His painting <i>Rain, Steam, and Speed – the Great Central Railway</i> was dominated by glowing yellow clouds. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Georges_Seurat" title="Georges Seurat">Georges Seurat</a> used the new synthetic colors in his experimental paintings composed of tiny points of primary colors, particularly in his famous <i>Sunday Afternoon on the Isle de la Grand jatte</i> (1884–86). He did not know that the new synthetic yellow pigment, zinc yellow or <a href="/wiki/Zinc_chromate" title="Zinc chromate">zinc chromate</a>, which he used in the light green lawns, was highly unstable and would quickly turn brown.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The painter <a href="/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh">Vincent van Gogh</a> was a particular admirer of the color yellow, the color of sunshine. Writing to his sister from the south of France in 1888, he wrote, "Now we are having beautiful warm, windless weather that is very beneficial to me. The sun, a light that for lack of a better word I can only call yellow, bright sulfur yellow, pale lemon gold. How beautiful yellow is!" In Arles, Van Gogh painted sunflowers inside a small house he rented at 2 Place Lamartine, a house painted with a color that Van Gogh described as "buttery yellow". Van Gogh was one of the first artists to use commercially manufactured paints, rather than paints he made himself. He used the traditional yellow ochre, but also <a href="/wiki/Chrome_yellow" title="Chrome yellow">chrome yellow</a>, first made in 1809; and <a href="/wiki/Cadmium_yellow" class="mw-redirect" title="Cadmium yellow">cadmium yellow</a>, first made in 1820.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1895 a new popular art form began to appear in New York newspapers; the color <a href="/wiki/Comic_strip" title="Comic strip">comic strip</a>. It took advantage of a new <a href="/wiki/Color_printing" title="Color printing">color printing</a> process, which used <a href="/wiki/Color_separation" class="mw-redirect" title="Color separation">color separation</a> and three different colors of ink; magenta, cyan, and yellow, plus black, to create all the colors on the page. One of the first characters in the new comic strips was a humorous boy of the New York streets named Mickey Dugen, more commonly known as the <a href="/wiki/Yellow_Kid" class="mw-redirect" title="Yellow Kid">Yellow Kid</a>, from the yellow nightshirt he wore. He gave his name (and color) to the whole genre of popular, sensational journalism, which became known as "<a href="/wiki/Yellow_journalism" title="Yellow journalism">yellow journalism</a>". </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 121.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 119.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fragonard,_The_Reader.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A Young Girl Reading, or The Reader. Jean-Honoré Fragonard, c. 1776, 32" × 25 1/2" National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C."><img alt="A Young Girl Reading, or The Reader. Jean-Honoré Fragonard, c. 1776, 32" × 25 1/2" National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Fragonard%2C_The_Reader.jpg/179px-Fragonard%2C_The_Reader.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Fragonard%2C_The_Reader.jpg/269px-Fragonard%2C_The_Reader.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Fragonard%2C_The_Reader.jpg/358px-Fragonard%2C_The_Reader.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3182" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/A_Young_Girl_Reading" title="A Young Girl Reading">A Young Girl Reading</a></i>, or <i>The Reader</i>. <a href="/wiki/Jean-Honor%C3%A9_Fragonard" title="Jean-Honoré Fragonard">Jean-Honoré Fragonard</a>, c. 1776, 32" × 25 1/2" National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 203.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 201.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Turner_-_Rain,_Steam_and_Speed_-_National_Gallery_file.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Rain, Steam and Speed – The Great Western Railway. (1844). British painter J. M. W. Turner used yellow clouds to create a mood, the way romantic composers of the time used music."><img alt="Rain, Steam and Speed – The Great Western Railway. (1844). British painter J. M. W. Turner used yellow clouds to create a mood, the way romantic composers of the time used music." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Turner_-_Rain%2C_Steam_and_Speed_-_National_Gallery_file.jpg/302px-Turner_-_Rain%2C_Steam_and_Speed_-_National_Gallery_file.jpg" decoding="async" width="202" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Turner_-_Rain%2C_Steam_and_Speed_-_National_Gallery_file.jpg/453px-Turner_-_Rain%2C_Steam_and_Speed_-_National_Gallery_file.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Turner_-_Rain%2C_Steam_and_Speed_-_National_Gallery_file.jpg/603px-Turner_-_Rain%2C_Steam_and_Speed_-_National_Gallery_file.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5661" data-file-height="4226" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Rain,_Steam_and_Speed_%E2%80%93_The_Great_Western_Railway" title="Rain, Steam and Speed – The Great Western Railway">Rain, Steam and Speed – The Great Western Railway</a></i>. (1844). British painter <a href="/wiki/J._M._W._Turner" title="J. M. W. Turner">J. M. W. Turner</a> used yellow clouds to create a mood, the way romantic composers of the time used music.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 223.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_Sunday_on_La_Grande_Jatte,_Georges_Seurat,_1884.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Georges Seurat used a new pigment, zinc yellow, in the green lawns of A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte (1884–86). He did not know that the paint would quickly deteriorate and turn brown."><img alt="Georges Seurat used a new pigment, zinc yellow, in the green lawns of A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte (1884–86). He did not know that the paint would quickly deteriorate and turn brown." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/A_Sunday_on_La_Grande_Jatte%2C_Georges_Seurat%2C_1884.png/335px-A_Sunday_on_La_Grande_Jatte%2C_Georges_Seurat%2C_1884.png" decoding="async" width="224" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/A_Sunday_on_La_Grande_Jatte%2C_Georges_Seurat%2C_1884.png/503px-A_Sunday_on_La_Grande_Jatte%2C_Georges_Seurat%2C_1884.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/A_Sunday_on_La_Grande_Jatte%2C_Georges_Seurat%2C_1884.png/670px-A_Sunday_on_La_Grande_Jatte%2C_Georges_Seurat%2C_1884.png 2x" data-file-width="2990" data-file-height="2009" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Georges_Seurat" title="Georges Seurat">Georges Seurat</a> used a new pigment, zinc yellow, in the green lawns of <i><a href="/wiki/A_Sunday_Afternoon_on_the_Island_of_La_Grande_Jatte" title="A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte">A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte</a></i> (1884–86). He did not know that the paint would quickly deteriorate and turn brown.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 117.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 115.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vincent_Van_Gogh_0010.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sunflowers (1888) by Vincent van Gogh is a fountain of yellows."><img alt="Sunflowers (1888) by Vincent van Gogh is a fountain of yellows." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vincent_Van_Gogh_0010.jpg/173px-Vincent_Van_Gogh_0010.jpg" decoding="async" width="116" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vincent_Van_Gogh_0010.jpg/260px-Vincent_Van_Gogh_0010.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vincent_Van_Gogh_0010.jpg/347px-Vincent_Van_Gogh_0010.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1789" data-file-height="2322" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Sunflowers_(Van_Gogh_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunflowers (Van Gogh series)">Sunflowers</a></i> (1888) by <a href="/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh">Vincent van Gogh</a> is a fountain of yellows.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 120px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 118px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:YellowKid.jpeg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Yellow Kid (1895) was one of the first comic strip characters. He gave his name to type of sensational reporting called Yellow Journalism."><img alt="The Yellow Kid (1895) was one of the first comic strip characters. He gave his name to type of sensational reporting called Yellow Journalism." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/YellowKid.jpeg/177px-YellowKid.jpeg" decoding="async" width="118" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/YellowKid.jpeg/266px-YellowKid.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/YellowKid.jpeg/355px-YellowKid.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="828" data-file-height="1050" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/The_Yellow_Kid" title="The Yellow Kid">The Yellow Kid</a> (1895) was one of the first <a href="/wiki/Comic_strip" title="Comic strip">comic strip</a> characters. He gave his name to type of sensational reporting called <a href="/wiki/Yellow_Journalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Yellow Journalism">Yellow Journalism</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 88px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 86px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Domenico_Failutti_-_Retrato_de_Dona_Leopoldina_de_Habsburgo_e_Seus_Filhos,_Acervo_do_Museu_Paulista_da_USP.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Empress Maria Leopoldina of Brazil with her children."><img alt="Empress Maria Leopoldina of Brazil with her children." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Domenico_Failutti_-_Retrato_de_Dona_Leopoldina_de_Habsburgo_e_Seus_Filhos%2C_Acervo_do_Museu_Paulista_da_USP.jpg/129px-Domenico_Failutti_-_Retrato_de_Dona_Leopoldina_de_Habsburgo_e_Seus_Filhos%2C_Acervo_do_Museu_Paulista_da_USP.jpg" decoding="async" width="86" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Domenico_Failutti_-_Retrato_de_Dona_Leopoldina_de_Habsburgo_e_Seus_Filhos%2C_Acervo_do_Museu_Paulista_da_USP.jpg/194px-Domenico_Failutti_-_Retrato_de_Dona_Leopoldina_de_Habsburgo_e_Seus_Filhos%2C_Acervo_do_Museu_Paulista_da_USP.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Domenico_Failutti_-_Retrato_de_Dona_Leopoldina_de_Habsburgo_e_Seus_Filhos%2C_Acervo_do_Museu_Paulista_da_USP.jpg/259px-Domenico_Failutti_-_Retrato_de_Dona_Leopoldina_de_Habsburgo_e_Seus_Filhos%2C_Acervo_do_Museu_Paulista_da_USP.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2149" data-file-height="3737" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Empress <a href="/wiki/Maria_Leopoldina_of_Austria" title="Maria Leopoldina of Austria">Maria Leopoldina of Brazil</a> with her children.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 123.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Michael_Ancher_-_Ung_Pige_-_1904.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Young woman (Marie, from Skagen, Denmark) by Michael Ancher"><img alt="Young woman (Marie, from Skagen, Denmark) by Michael Ancher" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Michael_Ancher_-_Ung_Pige_-_1904.png/185px-Michael_Ancher_-_Ung_Pige_-_1904.png" decoding="async" width="124" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Michael_Ancher_-_Ung_Pige_-_1904.png/277px-Michael_Ancher_-_Ung_Pige_-_1904.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Michael_Ancher_-_Ung_Pige_-_1904.png/369px-Michael_Ancher_-_Ung_Pige_-_1904.png 2x" data-file-width="1847" data-file-height="2251" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Young woman</i> (Marie, from <a href="/wiki/Skagen" title="Skagen">Skagen</a>, Denmark) by <a href="/wiki/Michael_Peter_Ancher" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael Peter Ancher">Michael Ancher</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="20th_and_21st_centuries">20th and 21st centuries</h4></div> <p>In the 20th century, yellow was revived as a symbol of exclusion, as it had been in the Middle Ages and Renaissance. Jews in <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a> and German-occupied countries were required to sew yellow triangles with the star of David onto their clothing. </p><p>In the 20th century, modernist painters reduced painting to its simplest colors and geometric shapes. The Dutch modernist painter <a href="/wiki/Piet_Mondrian" title="Piet Mondrian">Piet Mondrian</a> made a series of paintings which consisted of a pure white canvas with a grid of vertical and horizontal black lines and rectangles of yellow, red, and blue. </p><p>Yellow was particularly valued in the 20th century because of its high visibility. Because of its ability to be seen well from greater distances and at high speeds, yellow makes for the ideal color to be viewed from moving automobiles.<sup id="cite_ref-Yellowtown_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yellowtown-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It often replaced red as the color of fire trucks and other emergency vehicles, and was popular in neon signs, especially in <a href="/wiki/Las_Vegas" title="Las Vegas">Las Vegas</a> and in China, where yellow was the most esteemed color. </p><p>In the 1960s, Pickett Brand developed the "Eye Saver Yellow" <a href="/wiki/Slide_rule" title="Slide rule">slide rule</a>, which was produced with a specific yellow color (Angstrom 5600) that reflects long-wavelength rays and promotes optimum eye-ease to help prevent eyestrain and improve visual accuracy.<sup id="cite_ref-Yellowtown_29-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yellowtown-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 21st century saw the use of unusual materials and technologies to create new ways of experiencing the color yellow. One example was <i>The weather project</i>, by Danish-Icelandic artist <a href="/wiki/Olafur_Eliasson" title="Olafur Eliasson">Olafur Eliasson</a>, which was installed in the open space of the Turbine Hall of London's <a href="/wiki/Tate_Modern" title="Tate Modern">Tate Modern</a> in 2003. </p><p>Eliasson used <a href="/wiki/Humidifiers" class="mw-redirect" title="Humidifiers">humidifiers</a> to create a fine mist in the air via a mixture of sugar and water, as well as a semi-circular disc made up of hundreds of <a href="/wiki/Monochromatic" class="mw-redirect" title="Monochromatic">monochromatic</a> lamps which radiated yellow light. The ceiling of the hall was covered with a huge <a href="/wiki/Mirror" title="Mirror">mirror</a>, in which visitors could see themselves as tiny black shadows against a mass of light.<sup id="cite_ref-newyorker.com_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-newyorker.com-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 152.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Yellow_Room,_Frieseke.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Yellow Room, Frederick Carl Frieseke, 1910"><img alt="Yellow Room, Frederick Carl Frieseke, 1910" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Yellow_Room%2C_Frieseke.jpg/226px-Yellow_Room%2C_Frieseke.jpg" decoding="async" width="151" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Yellow_Room%2C_Frieseke.jpg/339px-Yellow_Room%2C_Frieseke.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Yellow_Room%2C_Frieseke.jpg/451px-Yellow_Room%2C_Frieseke.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1596" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Yellow Room, <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Carl_Frieseke" title="Frederick Carl Frieseke">Frederick Carl Frieseke</a>, 1910</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 168px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 166px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Yellowstar.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Jews in Nazi-occupied Europe were required to wear yellow badges such as this."><img alt="Jews in Nazi-occupied Europe were required to wear yellow badges such as this." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Yellowstar.jpg/249px-Yellowstar.jpg" decoding="async" width="166" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0e/Yellowstar.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="285" data-file-height="258" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Jews in <a href="/wiki/Nazi-occupied_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazi-occupied Europe">Nazi-occupied Europe</a> were required to wear <a href="/wiki/Yellow_badge" title="Yellow badge">yellow badges</a> such as this.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 152px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Horse%26rider.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Yellow was valued for its high visibility. Las Vegas became a showcase of neon art and advertising."><img alt="Yellow was valued for its high visibility. Las Vegas became a showcase of neon art and advertising." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Horse%26rider.jpg/225px-Horse%26rider.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Horse%26rider.jpg/339px-Horse%26rider.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Horse%26rider.jpg/451px-Horse%26rider.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="479" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Yellow was valued for its high visibility. <a href="/wiki/Las_Vegas" title="Las Vegas">Las Vegas</a> became a showcase of <a href="/wiki/Neon_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Neon art">neon art</a> and advertising.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 227.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 225.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pal%C3%A1cio_do_Planalto_Campanha_Internacional_Maio_Amarelo.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Palácio do Planalto, official workplace of the President of Brazil, illuminated in yellow light."><img alt="The Palácio do Planalto, official workplace of the President of Brazil, illuminated in yellow light." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Pal%C3%A1cio_do_Planalto_Campanha_Internacional_Maio_Amarelo.jpg/338px-Pal%C3%A1cio_do_Planalto_Campanha_Internacional_Maio_Amarelo.jpg" decoding="async" width="226" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Pal%C3%A1cio_do_Planalto_Campanha_Internacional_Maio_Amarelo.jpg/508px-Pal%C3%A1cio_do_Planalto_Campanha_Internacional_Maio_Amarelo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Pal%C3%A1cio_do_Planalto_Campanha_Internacional_Maio_Amarelo.jpg/676px-Pal%C3%A1cio_do_Planalto_Campanha_Internacional_Maio_Amarelo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4246" data-file-height="2826" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Pal%C3%A1cio_do_Planalto" title="Palácio do Planalto">Palácio do Planalto</a>, official workplace of the <a href="/wiki/President_of_Brazil" title="President of Brazil">President of Brazil</a>, illuminated in yellow light.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fruits,_vegetables,_and_eggs"><span id="Fruits.2C_vegetables.2C_and_eggs"></span>Fruits, vegetables, and eggs</h3></div> <p>Many fruits are yellow when ripe, such as lemons and bananas, their color derived from <a href="/wiki/Carotenoid" title="Carotenoid">carotenoid</a> pigments. <a href="/wiki/Egg_yolk" class="mw-redirect" title="Egg yolk">Egg yolks</a> gain their color from <a href="/wiki/Xanthophyll" title="Xanthophyll">xanthophylls</a>, also a type of carotenoid pigment. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Flowers">Flowers</h4></div> <p>Yellow is a common color of flowers. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 202px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mimosa_Colombe_d%27Or_Saint_Paul_de_Vence.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Acacia dealbata (silver wattle)"><img alt="Acacia dealbata (silver wattle)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Mimosa_Colombe_d%27Or_Saint_Paul_de_Vence.JPG/300px-Mimosa_Colombe_d%27Or_Saint_Paul_de_Vence.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Mimosa_Colombe_d%27Or_Saint_Paul_de_Vence.JPG/451px-Mimosa_Colombe_d%27Or_Saint_Paul_de_Vence.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Mimosa_Colombe_d%27Or_Saint_Paul_de_Vence.JPG/600px-Mimosa_Colombe_d%27Or_Saint_Paul_de_Vence.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Acacia_dealbata" title="Acacia dealbata">Acacia dealbata</a></i> (silver wattle)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 227.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 225.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cassia_bicapsularis_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Senna bicapsularis (rambling senna)"><img alt="Senna bicapsularis (rambling senna)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Cassia_bicapsularis_%281%29.jpg/338px-Cassia_bicapsularis_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="226" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Cassia_bicapsularis_%281%29.jpg/507px-Cassia_bicapsularis_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7f/Cassia_bicapsularis_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Senna_bicapsularis" title="Senna bicapsularis">Senna bicapsularis</a></i> (rambling senna)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 178.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 176.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Narcissus_pseudonarcissus_flower_300303.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Narcissus pseudonarcissus, or Daffodil"><img alt="Narcissus pseudonarcissus, or Daffodil" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Narcissus_pseudonarcissus_flower_300303.jpg/265px-Narcissus_pseudonarcissus_flower_300303.jpg" decoding="async" width="177" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Narcissus_pseudonarcissus_flower_300303.jpg/398px-Narcissus_pseudonarcissus_flower_300303.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Narcissus_pseudonarcissus_flower_300303.jpg/530px-Narcissus_pseudonarcissus_flower_300303.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="869" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Narcissus_pseudonarcissus" title="Narcissus pseudonarcissus">Narcissus pseudonarcissus</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Daffodil" class="mw-redirect" title="Daffodil">Daffodil</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 227.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 225.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E9%87%91%E8%8B%B1%E8%8A%B1_Galphimia_glauca_-_panoramio_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Galphimia glauca (rain of gold)"><img alt="Galphimia glauca (rain of gold)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/%E9%87%91%E8%8B%B1%E8%8A%B1_Galphimia_glauca_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg/338px-%E9%87%91%E8%8B%B1%E8%8A%B1_Galphimia_glauca_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="226" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/%E9%87%91%E8%8B%B1%E8%8A%B1_Galphimia_glauca_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg/507px-%E9%87%91%E8%8B%B1%E8%8A%B1_Galphimia_glauca_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/%E9%87%91%E8%8B%B1%E8%8A%B1_Galphimia_glauca_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg/675px-%E9%87%91%E8%8B%B1%E8%8A%B1_Galphimia_glauca_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Galphimia_glauca" title="Galphimia glauca">Galphimia glauca</a></i> <br />(rain of gold)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 101.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 99.333333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Anthyllis_vulneraria,_AlpenWundklee_1.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Anthyllis vulneraria (common kidneyvetch)"><img alt="Anthyllis vulneraria (common kidneyvetch)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Anthyllis_vulneraria%2C_AlpenWundklee_1.JPG/149px-Anthyllis_vulneraria%2C_AlpenWundklee_1.JPG" decoding="async" width="100" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Anthyllis_vulneraria%2C_AlpenWundklee_1.JPG/225px-Anthyllis_vulneraria%2C_AlpenWundklee_1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Anthyllis_vulneraria%2C_AlpenWundklee_1.JPG/299px-Anthyllis_vulneraria%2C_AlpenWundklee_1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="3008" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Anthyllis_vulneraria" title="Anthyllis vulneraria">Anthyllis vulneraria</a></i> (common kidneyvetch)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 184px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 182px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Yellow_Marigold_Tennessee.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tagetes erecta (Mexican marigold)"><img alt="Tagetes erecta (Mexican marigold)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Yellow_Marigold_Tennessee.jpg/273px-Yellow_Marigold_Tennessee.jpg" decoding="async" width="182" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Yellow_Marigold_Tennessee.jpg/411px-Yellow_Marigold_Tennessee.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Yellow_Marigold_Tennessee.jpg/547px-Yellow_Marigold_Tennessee.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3543" data-file-height="2916" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Tagetes_erecta" title="Tagetes erecta">Tagetes erecta</a></i> (Mexican marigold)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 202px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Senecio_angulatus.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Senecio angulatus (creeping groundsel)"><img alt="Senecio angulatus (creeping groundsel)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Senecio_angulatus.jpg/300px-Senecio_angulatus.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Senecio_angulatus.jpg/451px-Senecio_angulatus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Senecio_angulatus.jpg/600px-Senecio_angulatus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Senecio_angulatus" title="Senecio angulatus">Senecio angulatus</a></i> (creeping groundsel)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 202px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Brugmansia_aurea_12.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Brugmansia aurea (angel's trumpet)"><img alt="Brugmansia aurea (angel's trumpet)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Brugmansia_aurea_12.jpg/300px-Brugmansia_aurea_12.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Brugmansia_aurea_12.jpg/451px-Brugmansia_aurea_12.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Brugmansia_aurea_12.jpg/600px-Brugmansia_aurea_12.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Brugmansia_aurea" title="Brugmansia aurea">Brugmansia aurea</a></i> (angel's trumpet)</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Other_plants">Other plants</h4></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rapeseed" title="Rapeseed">Rapeseed</a> (Brassica napus), also known as rape or oilseed rape, is a bright yellow flowering member of the family <i>Brassicaceae</i> (mustard or cabbage family).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goldenrod" title="Goldenrod">Goldenrod</a> is a yellow flowering plant in the family <i><a href="/wiki/Asteraceae" title="Asteraceae">Asteraceae</a></i>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Minerals_and_chemistry">Minerals and chemistry</h3></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Titan_yellow.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Titan_yellow.svg/200px-Titan_yellow.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Titan_yellow.svg/300px-Titan_yellow.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Titan_yellow.svg/400px-Titan_yellow.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="679" data-file-height="190" /></a><figcaption>Structure of Titan yellow</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yellowcake" title="Yellowcake">Yellowcake</a> (also known as urania and uranic oxide) is concentrated <a href="/wiki/Uranium_oxide" title="Uranium oxide">uranium oxide</a>, obtained through the milling of uranium ore. Yellowcake is used in the preparation of fuel for <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_reactor" title="Nuclear reactor">nuclear reactors</a> and in <a href="/wiki/Uranium_enrichment" class="mw-redirect" title="Uranium enrichment">uranium enrichment</a>, one of the essential steps for creating <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_weapon" title="Nuclear weapon">nuclear weapons</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titan_yellow" title="Titan yellow">Titan yellow</a> (also known as clayton yellow),<sup id="cite_ref-nile_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nile-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> chemical formula <span class="chemf nowrap">C<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">28</sub></span></span>H<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">19</sub></span></span>Na<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">2</sub></span></span>O<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">6</sub></span></span>S<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">4</sub></span></span></span> has been used to determine <a href="/wiki/Magnesium" title="Magnesium">magnesium</a> in <a href="/wiki/Serous_fluid" title="Serous fluid">serum</a> and <a href="/wiki/Urine" title="Urine">urine</a>, but the method is prone to interference, making the <a href="/wiki/Ammonium_phosphate" title="Ammonium phosphate">ammonium phosphate</a> method superior when analysing blood cells, food or fecal material.<sup id="cite_ref-heaton1960_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-heaton1960-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methyl_yellow" title="Methyl yellow">Methyl yellow</a> (<i>p</i>-dimethylaminoazobenzene) is a <a href="/wiki/PH_indicator" title="PH indicator">pH indicator</a> used to determine acidity. It changes from yellow at pH 4.0 to red at pH 2.9.<sup id="cite_ref-iarc_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iarc-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-gmpct_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gmpct-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Yellow <a href="/wiki/Fireworks" title="Fireworks">fireworks</a> are produced by adding <a href="/wiki/Sodium" title="Sodium">sodium</a> compounds to the firework mixture. Sodium has a strong emission at 589.3 nm (<a href="/wiki/D2_line" class="mw-redirect" title="D2 line">D-line</a>), a very slightly orange-tinted yellow.</li> <li>Amongst the <a href="/wiki/Chemical_element" title="Chemical element">elements</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sulfur" title="Sulfur">sulfur</a> and gold are most obviously yellow. <a href="/wiki/Phosphorus" title="Phosphorus">Phosphorus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arsenic" title="Arsenic">arsenic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Antimony" title="Antimony">antimony</a> have <a href="/wiki/Allotrope" class="mw-redirect" title="Allotrope">allotropes</a> which are yellow or whitish-yellow; <a href="/wiki/Fluorine" title="Fluorine">fluorine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chlorine" title="Chlorine">chlorine</a> are pale yellowish gases.</li> <li>Many crystalline chemical compounds, such as <a href="/wiki/2,4-Dinitrophenol" title="2,4-Dinitrophenol">2,4-Dinitrophenol</a>, are yellowish in color.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Pigments">Pigments</h4></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ochre_quarry,_Roussillon,_France_(465185258).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Ochre_quarry%2C_Roussillon%2C_France_%28465185258%29.jpg/200px-Ochre_quarry%2C_Roussillon%2C_France_%28465185258%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Ochre_quarry%2C_Roussillon%2C_France_%28465185258%29.jpg/300px-Ochre_quarry%2C_Roussillon%2C_France_%28465185258%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Ochre_quarry%2C_Roussillon%2C_France_%28465185258%29.jpg/400px-Ochre_quarry%2C_Roussillon%2C_France_%28465185258%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption>Yellow ochre quarry in Roussillon, France</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_ochre" class="mw-redirect" title="Yellow ochre">Yellow ochre</a> (also known as Mars yellow, Pigment yellow 42, 43),<sup id="cite_ref-hsarts_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hsarts-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> hydrated ferric oxide (<span class="chemf nowrap">Fe<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">2</sub></span></span>O<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">3</sub></span></span>·H<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">2</sub></span></span>O</span>), is a naturally occurring <a href="/wiki/Pigment" title="Pigment">pigment</a> found in clays in many parts of the world. It is non-toxic and has been used in painting since prehistoric times.<sup id="cite_ref-webex-ochre_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-webex-ochre-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_yellow" title="Indian yellow">Indian yellow</a> is a transparent, fluorescent pigment used in oil paintings and watercolors. Originally magnesium euxanthate, it was claimed to have been produced from the urine of Indian cows fed only on mango leaves.<sup id="cite_ref-harley_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-harley-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has now been replaced by synthetic Indian yellow hue.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naples_Yellow" class="mw-redirect" title="Naples Yellow">Naples Yellow</a> (lead antimonate yellow) is one of the oldest synthetic pigments, derived from the mineral <a href="/wiki/Bindheimite" class="mw-redirect" title="Bindheimite">bindheimite</a> and used extensively up to the 20th century.<sup id="cite_ref-webex-naples_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-webex-naples-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is toxic and nowadays is replaced in paint by a mixture of modern pigments.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cadmium_pigments" title="Cadmium pigments">Cadmium Yellow</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cadmium_sulfide" title="Cadmium sulfide">cadmium sulfide</a>, CdS) has been used in artists' paints since the mid-19th century.<sup id="cite_ref-webex-cds_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-webex-cds-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Because of its toxicity, it may nowadays be replaced by <a href="/wiki/Azo_pigments" class="mw-redirect" title="Azo pigments">azo pigments</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chrome_yellow" title="Chrome yellow">Chrome yellow</a> (lead chromate, <span class="chemf nowrap">PbCrO<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">4</sub></span></span></span>), derived from the mineral <a href="/wiki/Crocoite" title="Crocoite">crocoite</a>, was used by artists in the earlier part of the 19th century, but has been largely replaced by other yellow pigments because of the toxicity of lead.<sup id="cite_ref-webex-cr_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-webex-cr-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Zinc yellow or <a href="/wiki/Zinc_chromate" title="Zinc chromate">zinc chromate</a> is a synthetic pigment made in the 19th century, and used by the painter <a href="/wiki/Georges_Seurat" title="Georges Seurat">Georges Seurat</a> in his <a href="/wiki/Pointillist" class="mw-redirect" title="Pointillist">pointillist</a> paintings. He did not know that it was highly unstable, and would quickly turn brown.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titanium_yellow" title="Titanium yellow">Titanium yellow</a> (nickel antimony titanium yellow rutile, <span class="chemf nowrap">NiO·Sb<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">2</sub></span></span>O<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">5</sub></span></span>·20TiO<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">2</sub></span></span></span>) is created by adding small amounts of the oxides of nickel and antimony to titanium dioxide and heating. It is used to produce yellow paints with good white coverage and has the <a href="/wiki/LBNL" class="mw-redirect" title="LBNL">LBNL</a> paint code "Y10".<sup id="cite_ref-lbnl2005_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lbnl2005-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamboge" title="Gamboge">Gamboge</a> is an orange-brown <a href="/wiki/Resin" title="Resin">resin</a>, derived from trees of the genus <a href="/wiki/Garcinia" title="Garcinia">Garcinia</a>, which becomes yellow when powdered.<sup id="cite_ref-BOEgamboge_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BOEgamboge-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was used as a watercolor pigment in the far east from the 8th century – the name "gamboge" is derived from "<a href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia">Cambodia</a>" – and has been used in Europe since the 17th century.<sup id="cite_ref-SEWgamboge_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SEWgamboge-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orpiment" title="Orpiment">Orpiment</a>, also called King's Yellow or Chinese Yellow is <a href="/wiki/Arsenic_trisulfide" title="Arsenic trisulfide">arsenic trisulfide</a> (<span class="chemf nowrap">As<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">2</sub></span></span>S<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">3</sub></span></span></span>) and was used as a paint pigment until the 19th century when, because of its high toxicity and reaction with lead-based pigments, it was generally replaced by Cadmium Yellow.<sup id="cite_ref-Field-orp_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Field-orp-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azo_dye" title="Azo dye">Azo dye</a>-based pigment (a brightly colored transparent or semitransparent dye with a white pigment) is used as the colorant in most modern paints requiring either a highly saturated yellow or simplicity of color mixing. The most common is the monoazo <a href="/wiki/Arylide_yellow" title="Arylide yellow">arylide yellow</a> family, first marketed as <a href="/wiki/Hansa_Yellow" class="mw-redirect" title="Hansa Yellow">Hansa Yellow</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Dyes">Dyes</h4></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Curcuma_longa" class="mw-redirect" title="Curcuma longa">Curcuma longa</a>, also known as <a href="/wiki/Turmeric" title="Turmeric">turmeric</a>, is a plant grown in India and Southeast Asia which serves as a dye for clothing, especially monks' robes; as a spice for curry and other dishes; and as a popular medicine. It is also used as a food coloring for mustard and other products.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saffron" title="Saffron">Saffron</a>, like turmeric, is one of the rare dyes that is also a spice and food colorant. It is made from the dried red <a href="/wiki/Stigma_(botany)" title="Stigma (botany)">stigma</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Crocus_sativus" title="Crocus sativus">crocus sativus</a> flower. It must be picked by hand and it takes 150 flowers to obtain a single gram of stigma, so it is extremely expensive. It probably originated in the Mediterranean or Southwest Asia, and its use was detailed in a 7th-century BC Assyrian botanical reference compiled under <a href="/wiki/Ashurbanipal" title="Ashurbanipal">Ashurbanipal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERussoDreherMathre20036_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERussoDreherMathre20036-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was known in India at the time of the <a href="/wiki/Buddha" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddha">Buddha</a>, and after his death his followers decreed that monks should wear robes the color of saffron. Saffron was used to dye the robes of the senior Buddhist monks, while ordinary monks wore robes dyed with <a href="/wiki/Gamboge" title="Gamboge">Gamboge</a> or <a href="/wiki/Curcuma_longa" class="mw-redirect" title="Curcuma longa">Curcuma longa</a>, also known as Turmeric.</li></ul> <p>The color of saffron comes from <a href="/wiki/Crocin" title="Crocin">crocin</a>, a red variety of <a href="/wiki/Carotenoid" title="Carotenoid">carotenoid</a> natural pigment. The color of the dyed fabric varies from deep red to <a href="/wiki/Orange_(colour)" title="Orange (colour)">orange</a> to yellow, depending upon the type of saffron and the process. Most saffron today comes from Iran, but it is also grown commercially in Spain, Italy and Kashmir in India, and as a boutique crop in New Zealand, the United Kingdom, France, Switzerland and other countries. In the United States, it has been cultivated by the <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Dutch" title="Pennsylvania Dutch">Pennsylvania Dutch</a> community since the early 18th century. Because of the high price of saffron, other similar dyes and spices are often sold under the name saffron; for instance, what is called <i>Indian saffron</i> is often really turmeric. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reseda_luteola" title="Reseda luteola">Reseda luteola</a>, also known as dyers weed, yellow weed or weld, has been used as a yellow dye from neolithic times. It grew wild along the roads and walls of Europe, and was introduced into North America, where it grows as a weed. It was used as both as a yellow dye, whose color was deep and lasting, and to dye fabric green, first by dyeing it blue with indigo, then dyeing it with reseda luteola to turn it a rich, solid and lasting green. It was the most common yellow dye in Europe from the Middle Ages until the 18th century, when it was replaced first by the bark of the quercitron tree from North America, then by synthetic dyes. It was also widely used in North Africa and in the Ottoman Empire.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamboge" title="Gamboge">Gamboge</a> is a deep saffron to mustard yellow pigment and dye.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Asia, it is frequently used to dye <a href="/wiki/Kasaya_(clothing)" title="Kasaya (clothing)">Buddhist monks' robes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gamboge is most often extracted by tapping <a href="/wiki/Resin" title="Resin">resin</a> from various species of evergreen trees of the family <i><a href="/wiki/Guttiferae" class="mw-redirect" title="Guttiferae">Guttiferae</a></i>, which grow in Cambodia, Thailand, and elsewhere in Southeast Asia.<sup id="cite_ref-compendium_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-compendium-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "Kambuj" (<a href="/wiki/Sanskrit_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanskrit language">Sanskrit</a>: कंबुज) is the ancient <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a> name for <a href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia">Cambodia</a>.</li></ul> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 242px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 240px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Orpiment_mineral.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Orpiment was a source of yellow pigment from ancient Egypt through the 19th century, though it is highly toxic."><img alt="Orpiment was a source of yellow pigment from ancient Egypt through the 19th century, though it is highly toxic." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Orpiment_mineral.jpg/360px-Orpiment_mineral.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bf/Orpiment_mineral.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="360" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Orpiment" title="Orpiment">Orpiment</a> was a source of yellow pigment from ancient Egypt through the 19th century, though it is highly toxic.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 172.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 170.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Indisch-Gelb.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Indian yellow pigment"><img alt="Indian yellow pigment" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Indisch-Gelb.jpg/256px-Indisch-Gelb.jpg" decoding="async" width="171" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Indisch-Gelb.jpg/384px-Indisch-Gelb.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Indisch-Gelb.jpg/512px-Indisch-Gelb.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1081" data-file-height="1140" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Indian_yellow" title="Indian yellow">Indian yellow</a> pigment</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 206px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 204px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lead_chromate.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Chrome yellow was discovered in 1809."><img alt="Chrome yellow was discovered in 1809." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Lead_chromate.JPG/306px-Lead_chromate.JPG" decoding="async" width="204" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Lead_chromate.JPG/459px-Lead_chromate.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Lead_chromate.JPG/612px-Lead_chromate.JPG 2x" data-file-width="726" data-file-height="641" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Chrome_yellow" title="Chrome yellow">Chrome yellow</a> was discovered in 1809.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 136.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 134.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Saffran_crocus_sativus_moist.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The dye and spice saffron comes from the dried red stigma of this plant, the crocus sativus."><img alt="The dye and spice saffron comes from the dried red stigma of this plant, the crocus sativus." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Saffran_crocus_sativus_moist.jpg/202px-Saffran_crocus_sativus_moist.jpg" decoding="async" width="135" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Saffran_crocus_sativus_moist.jpg/303px-Saffran_crocus_sativus_moist.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Saffran_crocus_sativus_moist.jpg/405px-Saffran_crocus_sativus_moist.jpg 2x" data-file-width="449" data-file-height="599" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The dye and spice <a href="/wiki/Saffron" title="Saffron">saffron</a> comes from the dried red <a href="/wiki/Stigma_(botany)" title="Stigma (botany)">stigma</a> of this plant, the <a href="/wiki/Crocus_sativus" title="Crocus sativus">crocus sativus</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 439.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 437.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Curcuma_longa_roots.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Curcuma longa, also known as Turmeric, has been used for centuries in India as a dye, particularly for monk's robes. it is also commonly used as a medicine and as a spice in Indian cooking."><img alt="Curcuma longa, also known as Turmeric, has been used for centuries in India as a dye, particularly for monk's robes. it is also commonly used as a medicine and as a spice in Indian cooking." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Curcuma_longa_roots.jpg/656px-Curcuma_longa_roots.jpg" decoding="async" width="438" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Curcuma_longa_roots.jpg/984px-Curcuma_longa_roots.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Curcuma_longa_roots.jpg/1312px-Curcuma_longa_roots.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4896" data-file-height="2016" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Curcuma_longa" class="mw-redirect" title="Curcuma longa">Curcuma longa</a>, also known as <a href="/wiki/Turmeric" title="Turmeric">Turmeric</a>, has been used for centuries in India as a dye, particularly for monk's robes. it is also commonly used as a medicine and as a spice in Indian cooking.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 136.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 134.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Reseda_luteola_(Flowers).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Reseda luteola, also known as dyers weed, yellow weed or weld, was the most popular source of yellow dye in Europe from the Middle Ages through the 18th century."><img alt="Reseda luteola, also known as dyers weed, yellow weed or weld, was the most popular source of yellow dye in Europe from the Middle Ages through the 18th century." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Reseda_luteola_%28Flowers%29.jpg/202px-Reseda_luteola_%28Flowers%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="135" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Reseda_luteola_%28Flowers%29.jpg/304px-Reseda_luteola_%28Flowers%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Reseda_luteola_%28Flowers%29.jpg/405px-Reseda_luteola_%28Flowers%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Reseda_luteola" title="Reseda luteola">Reseda luteola</a>, also known as dyers weed, yellow weed or weld, was the most popular source of yellow dye in Europe from the Middle Ages through the 18th century.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 121.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 119.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Garcinia_subelliptica_(200703).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Garcinia tree of Southeast Asia, whose resin is used to make the yellow dye called gamboge."><img alt="The Garcinia tree of Southeast Asia, whose resin is used to make the yellow dye called gamboge." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Garcinia_subelliptica_%28200703%29.jpg/179px-Garcinia_subelliptica_%28200703%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Garcinia_subelliptica_%28200703%29.jpg/269px-Garcinia_subelliptica_%28200703%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Garcinia_subelliptica_%28200703%29.jpg/358px-Garcinia_subelliptica_%28200703%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="425" data-file-height="640" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Garcinia" title="Garcinia">Garcinia</a> tree of Southeast Asia, whose resin is used to make the yellow dye called <a href="/wiki/Gamboge" title="Gamboge">gamboge</a>.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Food_coloring">Food coloring</h4></div> <p>The most common yellow <a href="/wiki/Food_coloring" title="Food coloring">food coloring</a> in use today is called <a href="/wiki/Tartrazine" title="Tartrazine">Tartrazine</a>. It is a synthetic lemon yellow <a href="/wiki/Azo_dye" title="Azo dye">azo dye</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-fanl_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fanl-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is also known as <a href="/wiki/E_number" title="E number">E number</a> E102, <a href="/wiki/Colour_Index_International" title="Colour Index International">C.I.</a> 19140, <a href="/wiki/Federal_Food,_Drug,_and_Cosmetic_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act">FD&C</a> yellow 5, acid yellow 23, food yellow 4, and trisodium 1-(4-sulfonatophenyl)-4-(4-sulfonatophenylazo)-5-pyrazolone-3-carboxylate.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is the yellow most frequently used such processed food products as corn and potato chips, breakfast cereals such as corn flakes, candies, popcorn, mustard, jams and jellies, gelatin, soft drinks (notably <a href="/wiki/Mountain_Dew" title="Mountain Dew">Mountain Dew</a>), energy and sports drinks, and pastries. It is also widely used in liquid and bar soap, shampoo, cosmetics and medicines. Sometimes it is mixed with blue dyes to color processed products green. </p><p>It is typically labelled on food packages as "color", "tartrazine", or "E102". In the United States, because of concerns about possible health problems related to intolerance to tartrazine, its presence must be declared on food and drug product labels.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another popular synthetic yellow coloring is <a href="/wiki/Sunset_Yellow_FCF" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunset Yellow FCF">Sunset Yellow FCF</a> (also known as <i>orange yellow S</i>, <i>FD&C yellow 6</i> and <i>C.I. 15985</i>) It is manufactured from <a href="/wiki/Aromatic_hydrocarbon" class="mw-redirect" title="Aromatic hydrocarbon">aromatic hydrocarbons</a> from petroleum. When added to foods sold in Europe, it is denoted by E number E110.<sup id="cite_ref-isbn1-85573-722-1_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-isbn1-85573-722-1-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Symbolism_and_associations">Symbolism and associations</h2></div> <p>In the west, yellow is not a well-loved color. In a year 2000 survey, only 6% of respondents in Europe and America named it as their favorite color, compared with 45% for blue, 15% for green, 12% for red, and 10% for black. For 7% of respondents, it was their least favorite color.<sup id="cite_ref-Eva_Heller_2000_pg._33_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Eva_Heller_2000_pg._33-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Yellow is considered a color of ambivalence and contradiction. It is associated with optimism and amusement, but also with betrayal, duplicity, and jealousy.<sup id="cite_ref-Eva_Heller_2000_pg._33_60-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Eva_Heller_2000_pg._33-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, in China and other parts of Asia, yellow is a color of virtue and nobility. </p><p><span class="anchor" id="China"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_China">In China</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Color_in_Chinese_culture" title="Color in Chinese culture">Color in Chinese culture</a></div> <p>Yellow has strong historical and cultural associations in China, where <i>huáng</i> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%BB%83" class="extiw" title="wikt:黃">黃</a></span></span> or <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%BB%84" class="extiw" title="wikt:黄">黄</a></span></span>) is the color of happiness, glory, and wisdom. Although <i>huáng</i> originally and occasionally still covers a range inclusive of <a href="/wiki/Tan_(color)" title="Tan (color)">tans</a> and <a href="/wiki/Orange_(color)" class="mw-redirect" title="Orange (color)">oranges</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> speakers of modern <a href="/wiki/Standard_Mandarin" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard Mandarin">Standard Mandarin</a> tend to map their use of <i>huáng</i> to shades corresponding to English yellow.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Chinese symbolism, yellow, red, and green are masculine colors, while black and white are considered feminine. After the development of the theory of <a href="/wiki/Five_elements_(China)" class="mw-redirect" title="Five elements (China)">five elements</a>, the Chinese reckoned various correspondences. On a five season model, late summer was characterized by yellowing leaves.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated82_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated82-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Accuracy_dispute#Disputed_statement" title="Wikipedia:Accuracy dispute"><span title="The material near this tag is possibly inaccurate or nonfactual. (February 2024)">dubious</span></a> – <a href="/wiki/Talk:Yellow#Dubious" title="Talk:Yellow">discuss</a></i>]</sup> Yellow was taken as the color of the fifth direction of the compass, the central. China is called the Middle Kingdom; the palace of the Emperor was considered to be in the exact center of the world.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated82_64-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated82-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The legendary first emperor of China was called the <a href="/wiki/Yellow_Emperor" title="Yellow Emperor">Yellow Emperor</a> and the last, <a href="/wiki/Puyi" title="Puyi">Puyi</a> (1906–67), described in his memoirs how every object which surrounded him as a child was yellow. "It made me understand from my most tender age that I was of a unique essence, and it instilled in me the consciousness of my 'celestial nature' which made me different from every other human."<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Eva_Heller_2000_p._82_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Eva_Heller_2000_p._82-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Chinese Emperor was literally considered the child of heaven, with both a political and religious role, both symbolized by yellow. After the <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a>, laws banned the use of certain bright yellow shades by anyone but the emperor. Distinguished visitors were honored with a yellow, not a red, carpet. </p><p>In current <a href="/wiki/Chinese_culture" title="Chinese culture">Chinese pop culture</a>, the term "yellow movie" (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%BB%83%E8%89%B2%E9%9B%BB%E5%BD%B1" class="extiw" title="wikt:黃色電影">黃色電影</a></span></span>) refers to films and other cultural items of a pornographic nature, analogous to the English "<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/blue_movie" class="extiw" title="wikt:blue movie">blue movie</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was the basis of the 2007 "<a href="/wiki/Very_erotic_very_violent" title="Very erotic very violent">very erotic very violent</a>" meme, with the word "erotic" <a href="/wiki/Calque" title="Calque">calquing</a> Chinese "yellow". </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 293.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 291.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Yellow_River_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Yellow River at Sanmenxia"><img alt="The Yellow River at Sanmenxia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Yellow_River_-_panoramio.jpg/437px-Yellow_River_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="292" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Yellow_River_-_panoramio.jpg/656px-Yellow_River_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Yellow_River_-_panoramio.jpg/874px-Yellow_River_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4947" data-file-height="3057" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> The <a href="/wiki/Yellow_River" title="Yellow River">Yellow River</a> at <a href="/wiki/Sanmenxia" title="Sanmenxia">Sanmenxia</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 133.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Portrait_assis_de_l%27empereur_Jiajing.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portrait of the Jiajing Emperor from the Ming dynasty."><img alt="Portrait of the Jiajing Emperor from the Ming dynasty." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Portrait_assis_de_l%27empereur_Jiajing.jpg/200px-Portrait_assis_de_l%27empereur_Jiajing.jpg" decoding="async" width="134" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Portrait_assis_de_l%27empereur_Jiajing.jpg/300px-Portrait_assis_de_l%27empereur_Jiajing.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Portrait_assis_de_l%27empereur_Jiajing.jpg/401px-Portrait_assis_de_l%27empereur_Jiajing.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2278" data-file-height="3070" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Portrait of the <a href="/wiki/Jiajing_Emperor" title="Jiajing Emperor">Jiajing Emperor</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Ming dynasty</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 126px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 124px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E4%B9%BE%E9%9A%86%E7%9A%87%E5%B8%9D%E8%80%81%E5%B9%B4%E8%82%96%E5%83%8F.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Qianlong Emperor in court dress (18th century)."><img alt="The Qianlong Emperor in court dress (18th century)." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/%E4%B9%BE%E9%9A%86%E7%9A%87%E5%B8%9D%E8%80%81%E5%B9%B4%E8%82%96%E5%83%8F.jpg/186px-%E4%B9%BE%E9%9A%86%E7%9A%87%E5%B8%9D%E8%80%81%E5%B9%B4%E8%82%96%E5%83%8F.jpg" decoding="async" width="124" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/%E4%B9%BE%E9%9A%86%E7%9A%87%E5%B8%9D%E8%80%81%E5%B9%B4%E8%82%96%E5%83%8F.jpg/280px-%E4%B9%BE%E9%9A%86%E7%9A%87%E5%B8%9D%E8%80%81%E5%B9%B4%E8%82%96%E5%83%8F.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/%E4%B9%BE%E9%9A%86%E7%9A%87%E5%B8%9D%E8%80%81%E5%B9%B4%E8%82%96%E5%83%8F.jpg/373px-%E4%B9%BE%E9%9A%86%E7%9A%87%E5%B8%9D%E8%80%81%E5%B9%B4%E8%82%96%E5%83%8F.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1592" data-file-height="2304" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Qianlong_Emperor" title="Qianlong Emperor">Qianlong Emperor</a> in court dress (18th century).</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 136.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 134.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Imperial_Yellow_Peking_Glass_Vase_Closeup.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Daoguang period Peking glass vase, a shade called "Imperial Yellow" after the Qing banner"><img alt="Daoguang period Peking glass vase, a shade called "Imperial Yellow" after the Qing banner" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Imperial_Yellow_Peking_Glass_Vase_Closeup.jpg/202px-Imperial_Yellow_Peking_Glass_Vase_Closeup.jpg" decoding="async" width="135" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Imperial_Yellow_Peking_Glass_Vase_Closeup.jpg/304px-Imperial_Yellow_Peking_Glass_Vase_Closeup.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Imperial_Yellow_Peking_Glass_Vase_Closeup.jpg/405px-Imperial_Yellow_Peking_Glass_Vase_Closeup.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1881" data-file-height="2508" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Daoguang_Emperor" title="Daoguang Emperor">Daoguang</a> period <a href="/wiki/Peking_glass" title="Peking glass">Peking glass</a> vase, a shade called "Imperial Yellow" after the <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_Qing_dynasty" title="Flag of the Qing dynasty">Qing banner</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 270px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 268px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:20090528_Beijing_Forbidden_City_8074.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Yellow roofs in the Forbidden City"><img alt="Yellow roofs in the Forbidden City" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/20090528_Beijing_Forbidden_City_8074.jpg/402px-20090528_Beijing_Forbidden_City_8074.jpg" decoding="async" width="268" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/20090528_Beijing_Forbidden_City_8074.jpg/602px-20090528_Beijing_Forbidden_City_8074.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/20090528_Beijing_Forbidden_City_8074.jpg/803px-20090528_Beijing_Forbidden_City_8074.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2844" data-file-height="1913" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Yellow roofs in the <a href="/wiki/Forbidden_City" title="Forbidden City">Forbidden City</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 242px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 240px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shanghainanjingroadpic1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Neon lights in modern Shanghai with a predominance of red and yellow."><img alt="Neon lights in modern Shanghai with a predominance of red and yellow." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Shanghainanjingroadpic1.jpg/360px-Shanghainanjingroadpic1.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Shanghainanjingroadpic1.jpg/540px-Shanghainanjingroadpic1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Shanghainanjingroadpic1.jpg/720px-Shanghainanjingroadpic1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Neon lights in modern Shanghai with a predominance of red and yellow.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Light_and_reason">Light and reason</h3></div> <p><span class="anchor" id="Light_and_Reason"></span> Yellow, as the color of sunlight when sun is near the horizon, is commonly associated with warmth. Yellow combined with red symbolized heat and energy. A room painted yellow feels warmer than a room painted white, and a lamp with yellow light seems more natural than a lamp with white light. </p><p>As the color of light, yellow is also associated with knowledge and wisdom. In English and many other languages, "brilliant" and "bright" mean intelligent. In <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>, the yellow color of gold symbolizes wisdom. In medieval European symbolism, red symbolized passion, blue symbolized the spiritual, and yellow symbolized reason. In many European universities, yellow gowns and caps are worn by members of the faculty of physical and natural sciences, as yellow is the color of reason and research.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gold_and_blond">Gold and blond</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aureus,_Auguste,_Lyon,_btv1b104440369.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Aureus%2C_Auguste%2C_Lyon%2C_btv1b104440369.jpg/220px-Aureus%2C_Auguste%2C_Lyon%2C_btv1b104440369.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Aureus%2C_Auguste%2C_Lyon%2C_btv1b104440369.jpg/330px-Aureus%2C_Auguste%2C_Lyon%2C_btv1b104440369.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Aureus%2C_Auguste%2C_Lyon%2C_btv1b104440369.jpg/440px-Aureus%2C_Auguste%2C_Lyon%2C_btv1b104440369.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4139" data-file-height="2069" /></a><figcaption>Gold coin, Aureus, Auguste, Lyon.</figcaption></figure> <p>In ancient Greece and Rome, the gods were often depicted with yellow, or blonde hair, which was described in literature as 'golden'. The color yellow was associated with the sun gods <a href="/wiki/Helios" title="Helios">Helios</a> and <a href="/wiki/Apollo" title="Apollo">Apollo</a>. It was fashionable in ancient Greece for men and women to dye their hair yellow, or to spend time in the sun to bleach it.<sup id="cite_ref-Eva_Heller_2000_p._73_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Eva_Heller_2000_p._73-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In ancient Rome, prostitutes were required to bleach their hair, to be easily identified, but it also became a fashionable hair color for aristocratic women, influenced by the exotic blonde hair of many of the newly conquered slaves from Gaul, Britain, and Germany.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, in medieval Europe and later, the word yellow often had negative connotations; associated with betrayal, so yellow hair was more poetically called 'blond,' 'light', 'fair,' or most often "golden".<sup id="cite_ref-Eva_Heller_2000_p._73_68-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Eva_Heller_2000_p._73-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Visibility_and_caution">Visibility and caution</h3></div> <p>Yellow is the most visible color from a distance, so it is often used for objects that need to be seen, such as fire engines, road maintenance equipment, school buses and taxicabs. It is also often used for warning signs, since yellow traditionally signals caution, rather than danger. <a href="/wiki/Shades_of_yellow#Safety_yellow" title="Shades of yellow">Safety yellow</a> is often used for safety and accident prevention information. A yellow light on a traffic signal means slow down, but not stop. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) uses Pantone 116 (a yellow hue) as their standard color implying "general warning", while the Federal Highway Administration similarly uses yellow to communicate warning or caution on highway signage.<sup id="cite_ref-Yellowtown_29-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yellowtown-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A yellow <a href="/wiki/Penalty_card" title="Penalty card">penalty card</a> in a soccer match means warning, but not expulsion. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 202px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Thomas_SafTLiner_C2_RF.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="In North America, school buses such as this one in Albemarle County, Virginia are required to be painted yellow."><img alt="In North America, school buses such as this one in Albemarle County, Virginia are required to be painted yellow." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Thomas_SafTLiner_C2_RF.jpg/300px-Thomas_SafTLiner_C2_RF.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Thomas_SafTLiner_C2_RF.jpg/451px-Thomas_SafTLiner_C2_RF.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Thomas_SafTLiner_C2_RF.jpg/600px-Thomas_SafTLiner_C2_RF.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">In North America, school buses such as this one in <a href="/wiki/Albemarle_County,_Virginia" title="Albemarle County, Virginia">Albemarle County, Virginia</a> are required to be painted yellow.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 202px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gelber_Briefkasten_der_Deutschen_Post.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="A mailbox in Germany. Yellow was the color of the early postal service in the Habsburg Empire."><img alt="A mailbox in Germany. Yellow was the color of the early postal service in the Habsburg Empire." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Gelber_Briefkasten_der_Deutschen_Post.JPG/300px-Gelber_Briefkasten_der_Deutschen_Post.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Gelber_Briefkasten_der_Deutschen_Post.JPG/451px-Gelber_Briefkasten_der_Deutschen_Post.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Gelber_Briefkasten_der_Deutschen_Post.JPG/600px-Gelber_Briefkasten_der_Deutschen_Post.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A mailbox in Germany. Yellow was the color of the early postal service in the Habsburg Empire.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 202px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Crashtender_BC.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A crash tender of the Royal Danish Air Force."><img alt="A crash tender of the Royal Danish Air Force." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Crashtender_BC.jpg/300px-Crashtender_BC.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Crashtender_BC.jpg/451px-Crashtender_BC.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Crashtender_BC.jpg/600px-Crashtender_BC.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A crash tender of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Danish_Air_Force" title="Royal Danish Air Force">Royal Danish Air Force</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 228px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 226px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sea_King_HAR3_XZ585_at_RIAT_2010_arp.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="An RAF Sea King rescue helicopter."><img alt="An RAF Sea King rescue helicopter." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Sea_King_HAR3_XZ585_at_RIAT_2010_arp.jpg/339px-Sea_King_HAR3_XZ585_at_RIAT_2010_arp.jpg" decoding="async" width="226" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Sea_King_HAR3_XZ585_at_RIAT_2010_arp.jpg/509px-Sea_King_HAR3_XZ585_at_RIAT_2010_arp.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Sea_King_HAR3_XZ585_at_RIAT_2010_arp.jpg/677px-Sea_King_HAR3_XZ585_at_RIAT_2010_arp.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1064" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">An RAF Sea King rescue helicopter.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 227.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 225.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Massimo_Busacca,_Referee,_Switzerland_(10).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Yellow penalty card used during an association football match"><img alt="Yellow penalty card used during an association football match" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Massimo_Busacca%2C_Referee%2C_Switzerland_%2810%29.jpg/338px-Massimo_Busacca%2C_Referee%2C_Switzerland_%2810%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="226" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Massimo_Busacca%2C_Referee%2C_Switzerland_%2810%29.jpg/507px-Massimo_Busacca%2C_Referee%2C_Switzerland_%2810%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Massimo_Busacca%2C_Referee%2C_Switzerland_%2810%29.jpg/675px-Massimo_Busacca%2C_Referee%2C_Switzerland_%2810%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Yellow <a href="/wiki/Penalty_card" title="Penalty card">penalty card</a> used during an association football match</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Optimism_and_pleasure">Optimism and pleasure</h3></div> <p>Yellow is the color most associated with <a href="/wiki/Optimism" title="Optimism">optimism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pleasure" title="Pleasure">pleasure</a>; it is a color designed to attract attention, and is used for amusement. Yellow dresses in fashion are rare, but always associated with gaiety and celebration. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 160px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 158px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:L%27imp%C3%A9ratrice_Eug%C3%A9nie_%C3%A0_la_Marie-Antoinette,_1854,_Franz_Xaver_Winterhalter.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Empress Eugenie dressed as Marie Antoinette, painted by Franz Winterhalter (1854)"><img alt="The Empress Eugenie dressed as Marie Antoinette, painted by Franz Winterhalter (1854)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/L%27imp%C3%A9ratrice_Eug%C3%A9nie_%C3%A0_la_Marie-Antoinette%2C_1854%2C_Franz_Xaver_Winterhalter.jpg/237px-L%27imp%C3%A9ratrice_Eug%C3%A9nie_%C3%A0_la_Marie-Antoinette%2C_1854%2C_Franz_Xaver_Winterhalter.jpg" decoding="async" width="158" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/L%27imp%C3%A9ratrice_Eug%C3%A9nie_%C3%A0_la_Marie-Antoinette%2C_1854%2C_Franz_Xaver_Winterhalter.jpg/356px-L%27imp%C3%A9ratrice_Eug%C3%A9nie_%C3%A0_la_Marie-Antoinette%2C_1854%2C_Franz_Xaver_Winterhalter.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/L%27imp%C3%A9ratrice_Eug%C3%A9nie_%C3%A0_la_Marie-Antoinette%2C_1854%2C_Franz_Xaver_Winterhalter.jpg/475px-L%27imp%C3%A9ratrice_Eug%C3%A9nie_%C3%A0_la_Marie-Antoinette%2C_1854%2C_Franz_Xaver_Winterhalter.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2945" data-file-height="3722" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Empress_Eugenie" class="mw-redirect" title="Empress Eugenie">Empress Eugenie</a> dressed as <a href="/wiki/Marie_Antoinette" title="Marie Antoinette">Marie Antoinette</a>, painted by <a href="/wiki/Franz_Winterhalter" class="mw-redirect" title="Franz Winterhalter">Franz Winterhalter</a> (1854)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 109.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 107.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kuznetsova_by_Repin.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portrait of Madame Kuznetsova, by Ilya Repin. (1901)"><img alt="Portrait of Madame Kuznetsova, by Ilya Repin. (1901)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Kuznetsova_by_Repin.jpg/161px-Kuznetsova_by_Repin.jpg" decoding="async" width="108" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Kuznetsova_by_Repin.jpg/241px-Kuznetsova_by_Repin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Kuznetsova_by_Repin.jpg/321px-Kuznetsova_by_Repin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="643" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Portrait of Madame Kuznetsova</i>, by <a href="/wiki/Ilya_Repin" title="Ilya Repin">Ilya Repin</a>. (1901)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 110px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 108px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:James_Tissot_-_The_Ball.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Ball by James Tissot (1880)"><img alt="The Ball by James Tissot (1880)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/James_Tissot_-_The_Ball.jpg/162px-James_Tissot_-_The_Ball.jpg" decoding="async" width="108" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/James_Tissot_-_The_Ball.jpg/243px-James_Tissot_-_The_Ball.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/James_Tissot_-_The_Ball.jpg/324px-James_Tissot_-_The_Ball.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1278" data-file-height="2362" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>The Ball</i> by <a href="/wiki/James_Tissot" title="James Tissot">James Tissot</a> (1880)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 115.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 113.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Basil_Soda_Yellow_Dress_-_Paris_Haute_Couture_Spring-Summer_2012.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Yellow Dress – Paris Haute Couture Spring-Summer"><img alt="Yellow Dress – Paris Haute Couture Spring-Summer" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Basil_Soda_Yellow_Dress_-_Paris_Haute_Couture_Spring-Summer_2012.jpg/170px-Basil_Soda_Yellow_Dress_-_Paris_Haute_Couture_Spring-Summer_2012.jpg" decoding="async" width="114" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Basil_Soda_Yellow_Dress_-_Paris_Haute_Couture_Spring-Summer_2012.jpg/254px-Basil_Soda_Yellow_Dress_-_Paris_Haute_Couture_Spring-Summer_2012.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Basil_Soda_Yellow_Dress_-_Paris_Haute_Couture_Spring-Summer_2012.jpg/339px-Basil_Soda_Yellow_Dress_-_Paris_Haute_Couture_Spring-Summer_2012.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1324" data-file-height="2340" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Yellow Dress – Paris Haute Couture Spring-Summer</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 180px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 178px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flickr_-_dalbera_-_Danseuses_de_Kuchipudi_(mus%C3%A9e_Guimet).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kuchipudi dancers"><img alt="Kuchipudi dancers" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Flickr_-_dalbera_-_Danseuses_de_Kuchipudi_%28mus%C3%A9e_Guimet%29.jpg/267px-Flickr_-_dalbera_-_Danseuses_de_Kuchipudi_%28mus%C3%A9e_Guimet%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="178" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Flickr_-_dalbera_-_Danseuses_de_Kuchipudi_%28mus%C3%A9e_Guimet%29.jpg/401px-Flickr_-_dalbera_-_Danseuses_de_Kuchipudi_%28mus%C3%A9e_Guimet%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Flickr_-_dalbera_-_Danseuses_de_Kuchipudi_%28mus%C3%A9e_Guimet%29.jpg/534px-Flickr_-_dalbera_-_Danseuses_de_Kuchipudi_%28mus%C3%A9e_Guimet%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2052" data-file-height="2304" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Kuchipudi" title="Kuchipudi">Kuchipudi</a> dancers</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 122px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kylie_Minogue_IMG_4379.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Singer Kylie Minogue performs at a Nobel Prize Concert"><img alt="Singer Kylie Minogue performs at a Nobel Prize Concert" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Kylie_Minogue_IMG_4379.JPG/180px-Kylie_Minogue_IMG_4379.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Kylie_Minogue_IMG_4379.JPG/270px-Kylie_Minogue_IMG_4379.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Kylie_Minogue_IMG_4379.JPG/360px-Kylie_Minogue_IMG_4379.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1490" data-file-height="2483" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Singer <a href="/wiki/Kylie_Minogue" title="Kylie Minogue">Kylie Minogue</a> performs at a Nobel Prize Concert</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mayan_and_Italian">Mayan and Italian</h3></div> <p>The ancient <a href="/wiki/Maya_civilization" title="Maya civilization">Maya</a> associated the color yellow with the direction South. The Maya glyph for "yellow" (k'an) also means "precious" or "ripe".<sup id="cite_ref-kettunen2005_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kettunen2005-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>"<a href="/wiki/Giallo" title="Giallo">Giallo</a>", in Italian, refers to crime stories, both fictional and real. This association began in about 1930, when the first series of crime novels published in Italy had yellow covers. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Music">Music</h3></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Beatles" title="The Beatles">The Beatles</a> 1966 album <i><a href="/wiki/Revolver_(The_Beatles_album)" class="mw-redirect" title="Revolver (The Beatles album)">Revolver</a></i> features the No. 1 hit, "<a href="/wiki/Yellow_Submarine_(song)" title="Yellow Submarine (song)">Yellow Submarine</a>". Subsequently, <a href="/wiki/United_Artists" title="United Artists">United Artists</a> released an animated film in 1968 called <i><a href="/wiki/Yellow_Submarine_(1968_film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Yellow Submarine (1968 film)">Yellow Submarine</a></i>, based on the music of the Beatles.</li> <li>The March 1967 album by <a href="/wiki/Donovan" title="Donovan">Donovan</a> called <i><a href="/wiki/Mellow_Yellow_(album)" title="Mellow Yellow (album)">Mellow Yellow</a></i> reached number 2 on the U.S. <i>Billboard</i> charts in 1966 and number 8 in the UK in early 1967. The <a href="/wiki/Mellow_Yellow" title="Mellow Yellow">song of the same name</a> popularized a widely-held belief that it was possible to get high by smoking scrapings from the inside of <a href="/wiki/Banana_peel" title="Banana peel">banana peels</a>. This rumor was actually started in 1966 by <a href="/wiki/Country_Joe_McDonald" title="Country Joe McDonald">Country Joe McDonald</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coldplay" title="Coldplay">Coldplay</a> achieved worldwide fame with their 2000 single "<a href="/wiki/Yellow_(Coldplay_song)" title="Yellow (Coldplay song)">Yellow</a>".</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Yellow_River_(song)" title="Yellow River (song)">Yellow River</a>" is a song recorded by the British band Christie in 1970.</li> <li>The <i><a href="/wiki/Yellow_River_Piano_Concerto" title="Yellow River Piano Concerto">Yellow River Piano Concerto</a></i> is a <a href="/wiki/Piano_concerto" title="Piano concerto">piano concerto</a> arranged by a collaboration between musicians including Yin Chengzong and Chu Wanghua. Its premiere was in 1969 during the <a href="/wiki/Cultural_Revolution" title="Cultural Revolution">Cultural Revolution</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Politics">Politics</h3></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ManifGiletsJaunesVesoul_17nov2018_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/ManifGiletsJaunesVesoul_17nov2018_%28cropped%29.jpg/250px-ManifGiletsJaunesVesoul_17nov2018_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/ManifGiletsJaunesVesoul_17nov2018_%28cropped%29.jpg/375px-ManifGiletsJaunesVesoul_17nov2018_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/ManifGiletsJaunesVesoul_17nov2018_%28cropped%29.jpg/500px-ManifGiletsJaunesVesoul_17nov2018_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1248" data-file-height="647" /></a><figcaption>"Yellow vests" protest in France, November 2018</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>Yellow as a <a href="/wiki/Political_colour" title="Political colour">political color</a> is most commonly associated with <a href="/wiki/Liberalism" title="Liberalism">liberalism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Libertarianism" title="Libertarianism">libertarianism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anarcho-capitalism" title="Anarcho-capitalism">anarcho-capitalism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Contemporary political parties using yellow include the <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democrats_(UK)" title="Liberal Democrats (UK)">Liberal Democrats</a> and <a href="/wiki/UKIP" class="mw-redirect" title="UKIP">UKIP</a> in the United Kingdom, the <a href="/wiki/Scottish_National_Party" title="Scottish National Party">SNP</a> in Scotland, <a href="/wiki/ACT_New_Zealand" title="ACT New Zealand">ACT</a> in New Zealand, and <a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Party_(United_States)" title="Libertarian Party (United States)">Libertarian Party</a> in the United States.</li> <li>In the United States, a <a href="/wiki/Yellow_dog_Democrat" title="Yellow dog Democrat">yellow dog Democrat</a> was a <a href="/wiki/U.S._Southern_states" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Southern states">Southern</a> voter who consistently voted for <a href="/wiki/United_States_Democratic_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Democratic Party">Democratic</a> candidates in the late 19th and early 20th centuries because of lingering resentment against the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Republican_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Republican Party">Republicans</a> dating back to the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">Civil War</a> and <a href="/wiki/Reconstruction_era_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Reconstruction era of the United States">Reconstruction</a> period. Today the term refers to a hard-core Democrat, supposedly referring to a person who would vote for a "yellow dog" before voting for a Republican.</li> <li>In China the <a href="/wiki/Yellow_Turbans" class="mw-redirect" title="Yellow Turbans">Yellow Turbans</a> were a <a href="/wiki/Daoist" class="mw-redirect" title="Daoist">Daoist</a> sect that staged an extensive <a href="/wiki/Rebellion" title="Rebellion">rebellion</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Han_dynasty" title="Han dynasty">Han dynasty</a>.</li> <li>The 1986 <a href="/wiki/People_Power_Revolution" title="People Power Revolution">People Power Revolution</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a> was also known as the Yellow Revolution due to the presence of yellow ribbons during the demonstrations. Liberal and pro-democracy political parties and organizations such as <a href="/wiki/United_Nationalist_Democratic_Organization" title="United Nationalist Democratic Organization">UNIDO</a>, <a href="/wiki/PDP%E2%80%93Laban" class="mw-redirect" title="PDP–Laban">PDP-Laban</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(Philippines)" title="Liberal Party (Philippines)">Liberal Party</a> have used the color yellow. More recently, it has become a pejorative term used by some pro-Ferdinand Marcos and pro-Rodrigo Duterte against the opposition.</li> <li>In France in November and December 2018, an opposition movement called the <a href="/wiki/Yellow_vests_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Yellow vests movement">Yellow Vests</a> went into the streets to protest against the fiscal policies of President <a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron">Emmanuel Macron</a>. They wore yellow safety vests, which French motorists are required by law to have in their cars.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Selected_national_and_international_flags">Selected national and international flags</h3></div> <p>Three of the five most populous countries in the world (China and Brazil) have yellow or gold in their flag, representing about half of the world's population. While many flags use yellow, their symbolism varies widely, from civic virtue to golden treasure, golden fields, the desert, royalty, the keys to Heaven and the leadership of the Communist Party. In classic European <a href="/wiki/Heraldry" title="Heraldry">heraldry</a>, yellow, along with white, is one of the two <a href="/wiki/Tincture_(heraldry)" title="Tincture (heraldry)">metals</a> (called gold and silver) and therefore flags following heraldic design rules must use either yellow or white to separate any of their other colors (see the <a href="/wiki/Rule_of_tincture" title="Rule of tincture">rule of tincture</a> and <a href="/wiki/Insignia" title="Insignia">insignia</a>). </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 117.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 115.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Belgium.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Belgium (1831). The yellow comes from the yellow lion in the coat of arms of the Duchy of Brabant, founded in 1183–84."><img alt="Flag of Belgium (1831). The yellow comes from the yellow lion in the coat of arms of the Duchy of Brabant, founded in 1183–84." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Belgium.svg/173px-Flag_of_Belgium.svg.png" decoding="async" width="116" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Belgium.svg/260px-Flag_of_Belgium.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Belgium.svg/346px-Flag_of_Belgium.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="780" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Belgium" title="Flag of Belgium">Flag of Belgium</a> (1831). The yellow comes from the yellow lion in the coat of arms of the <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Brabant" title="Duchy of Brabant">Duchy of Brabant</a>, founded in 1183–84.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 152px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Bhutan.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Bhutan (1956). The Bhutan flag features Druk, the thunder dragon of Bhutanese mythology. The yellow represents civic tradition, the red the Buddhist spiritual tradition."><img alt="Flag of Bhutan (1956). The Bhutan flag features Druk, the thunder dragon of Bhutanese mythology. The yellow represents civic tradition, the red the Buddhist spiritual tradition." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Flag_of_Bhutan.svg/225px-Flag_of_Bhutan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Flag_of_Bhutan.svg/338px-Flag_of_Bhutan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Flag_of_Bhutan.svg/450px-Flag_of_Bhutan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Bhutan" title="Flag of Bhutan">Flag of Bhutan</a> (1956). The Bhutan flag features <a href="/wiki/Druk" title="Druk">Druk</a>, the thunder dragon of <a href="/wiki/Bhutanese_mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhutanese mythology">Bhutanese mythology</a>. The yellow represents civic tradition, the red the Buddhist spiritual tradition.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 144.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 142.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Brazil.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Brazil (1889). The yellow color was inherited from the flag of the Empire of Brazil (1822–1889), where it represented the color of the House of Habsburg."><img alt="Flag of Brazil (1889). The yellow color was inherited from the flag of the Empire of Brazil (1822–1889), where it represented the color of the House of Habsburg." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/214px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="143" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/322px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/429px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Brazil" title="Flag of Brazil">Flag of Brazil</a> (1889). The yellow color was inherited from the flag of the <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Brazil" title="Empire of Brazil">Empire of Brazil</a> (1822–1889), where it represented the color of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Habsburg" title="House of Habsburg">House of Habsburg</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 202px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Brunei.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Brunei (1956). In Southeast Asia yellow is the color of royalty. it is the color of the Sultan of Brunei, and also appears on the flag of Thailand and of Malaysia."><img alt="Flag of Brunei (1956). In Southeast Asia yellow is the color of royalty. it is the color of the Sultan of Brunei, and also appears on the flag of Thailand and of Malaysia." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Brunei.svg/300px-Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Brunei.svg/450px-Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Brunei.svg/600px-Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="720" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Brunei" title="Flag of Brunei">Flag of Brunei</a> (1956). In Southeast Asia yellow is the color of royalty. it is the color of the <a href="/wiki/Sultan_of_Brunei" class="mw-redirect" title="Sultan of Brunei">Sultan of Brunei</a>, and also appears on the flag of Thailand and of Malaysia.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 152px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Chad.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Chad (1959). The color yellow here represents the sun and the desert in the north of the country. This flag is identical to that of Romania, except that it uses a slightly darker indigo blue rather than cobalt blue."><img alt="Flag of Chad (1959). The color yellow here represents the sun and the desert in the north of the country. This flag is identical to that of Romania, except that it uses a slightly darker indigo blue rather than cobalt blue." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Chad.svg/225px-Flag_of_Chad.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Chad.svg/338px-Flag_of_Chad.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Chad.svg/450px-Flag_of_Chad.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Chad" title="Flag of Chad">Flag of Chad</a> (1959). The color yellow here represents the sun and the desert in the north of the country. This flag is identical to that of Romania, except that it uses a slightly darker indigo blue rather than cobalt blue.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 152px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of the People's Republic of China (1949). The four small gold stars represent the workers, peasants, urban middle class, and rural middle class. The large star represents the Chinese Communist Party."><img alt="Flag of the People's Republic of China (1949). The four small gold stars represent the workers, peasants, urban middle class, and rural middle class. The large star represents the Chinese Communist Party." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/225px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/338px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/450px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Flag of the People's Republic of China">Flag of the People's Republic of China</a> (1949). The four small gold stars represent the workers, peasants, urban middle class, and rural middle class. The large star represents the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Chinese Communist Party">Chinese Communist Party</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 152px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Colombia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Colombia. The asymmetric design of the flag is based on the old Flag of Gran Colombia. The yellow color represents the golden treasure taken from Colombia over the centuries."><img alt="Flag of Colombia. The asymmetric design of the flag is based on the old Flag of Gran Colombia. The yellow color represents the golden treasure taken from Colombia over the centuries." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/225px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/338px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/450px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Colombia" title="Flag of Colombia">Flag of Colombia</a>. The asymmetric design of the flag is based on the old <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Gran_Colombia" title="Flag of Gran Colombia">Flag of Gran Colombia</a>. The yellow color represents the golden treasure taken from Colombia over the centuries.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 168.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 166.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Germany.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Germany. Black, red and yellow were the colors of the Holy Roman Emperor, and, in 1919, of the German Weimar Republic. The modern German flag was adopted in 1949."><img alt="Flag of Germany. Black, red and yellow were the colors of the Holy Roman Emperor, and, in 1919, of the German Weimar Republic. The modern German flag was adopted in 1949." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/250px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="167" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/375px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/500px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Germany" title="Flag of Germany">Flag of Germany</a>. Black, red and yellow were the colors of the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Holy Roman Emperor">Holy Roman Emperor</a>, and, in 1919, of the German <a href="/wiki/Weimar_Republic" title="Weimar Republic">Weimar Republic</a>. The modern German flag was adopted in 1949.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 202px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Jamaica.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Jamaica (1962). It is currently the only national flag that does not contain a shade of the colors red, white, or blue."><img alt="Flag of Jamaica (1962). It is currently the only national flag that does not contain a shade of the colors red, white, or blue." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Jamaica.svg/300px-Flag_of_Jamaica.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Jamaica.svg/450px-Flag_of_Jamaica.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Jamaica.svg/600px-Flag_of_Jamaica.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Jamaica" title="Flag of Jamaica">Flag of Jamaica</a> (1962). It is currently the only national flag that does not contain a shade of the colors red, white, or blue.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 168.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 166.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Lithuania.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Lithuania (1918 to 1940, restored in 1989, modified in 2004). Yellow represents the sun, light and goodness."><img alt="Flag of Lithuania (1918 to 1940, restored in 1989, modified in 2004). Yellow represents the sun, light and goodness." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/250px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="167" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/375px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/500px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Lithuania" title="Flag of Lithuania">Flag of Lithuania</a> (1918 to 1940, restored in 1989, modified in 2004). Yellow represents the sun, light and goodness.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 202px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Malaysia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Malaysia (original version, 1950, current version 1963.) The yellow crescent represents Islam, the yellow star the unity of the fourteen states of Malaysia. The red and white stripes (like the stripes on the U.S. flag) are adopted from the flag of the British East India Company."><img alt="Flag of Malaysia (original version, 1950, current version 1963.) The yellow crescent represents Islam, the yellow star the unity of the fourteen states of Malaysia. The red and white stripes (like the stripes on the U.S. flag) are adopted from the flag of the British East India Company." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/300px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/450px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/600px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Malaysia" title="Flag of Malaysia">Flag of Malaysia</a> (original version, 1950, current version 1963.) The yellow crescent represents Islam, the yellow star the unity of the fourteen states of Malaysia. The red and white stripes (like the stripes on the U.S. flag) are adopted from the flag of the <a href="/wiki/British_East_India_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="British East India Company">British East India Company</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 152px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Mozambique.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Mozambique (1983). The colors are those of the Marxist Liberation Front of Mozambique, or FRELIMO, which rules the country. Yellow represents the country's mineral wealth."><img alt="Flag of Mozambique (1983). The colors are those of the Marxist Liberation Front of Mozambique, or FRELIMO, which rules the country. Yellow represents the country's mineral wealth." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Mozambique.svg/225px-Flag_of_Mozambique.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Mozambique.svg/338px-Flag_of_Mozambique.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Mozambique.svg/450px-Flag_of_Mozambique.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Mozambique" title="Flag of Mozambique">Flag of Mozambique</a> (1983). The colors are those of the Marxist Liberation Front of Mozambique, or <a href="/wiki/FRELIMO" title="FRELIMO">FRELIMO</a>, which rules the country. Yellow represents the country's mineral wealth.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 202px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of the Philippines (1898). The yellow sun is in the middle of the triangle shape."><img alt="Flag of the Philippines (1898). The yellow sun is in the middle of the triangle shape." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/300px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/450px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/600px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_Philippines" title="Flag of the Philippines">Flag of the Philippines</a> (1898). The yellow sun is in the middle of the triangle shape.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 152px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Romania.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Romania (1848, and again in 1989, after the fall of the Communist regime.) Blue, yellow and red were the colors of the Wallachian uprising of 1821, and the 1848 revolution. Yellow represents justice."><img alt="Flag of Romania (1848, and again in 1989, after the fall of the Communist regime.) Blue, yellow and red were the colors of the Wallachian uprising of 1821, and the 1848 revolution. Yellow represents justice." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/225px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/338px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/450px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Romania" title="Flag of Romania">Flag of Romania</a> (1848, and again in 1989, after the fall of the Communist regime.) Blue, yellow and red were the colors of the <a href="/wiki/Wallachian_uprising_of_1821" title="Wallachian uprising of 1821">Wallachian uprising of 1821</a>, and the 1848 revolution. Yellow represents justice.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 152px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Spain.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Spain (1978). The yellow in the Spanish flag comes from the traditional Crown of Castille and the Crown of Aragon. The general design was adopted in 1785 for the Spanish Navy, to be visible from a great distance at sea."><img alt="Flag of Spain (1978). The yellow in the Spanish flag comes from the traditional Crown of Castille and the Crown of Aragon. The general design was adopted in 1785 for the Spanish Navy, to be visible from a great distance at sea." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/225px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/338px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/450px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Spain" title="Flag of Spain">Flag of Spain</a> (1978). The yellow in the Spanish flag comes from the traditional <a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Castille" class="mw-redirect" title="Crown of Castille">Crown of Castille</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Aragon" title="Crown of Aragon">Crown of Aragon</a>. The general design was adopted in 1785 for the Spanish Navy, to be visible from a great distance at sea.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Sweden.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Sweden (adopted 1906, but colors in use since at least the mid-16th century). The legend says that in 1157, during the First Swedish Crusade, the Swedish king Eric the Holy saw a golden cross appear in the blue sky."><img alt="Flag of Sweden (adopted 1906, but colors in use since at least the mid-16th century). The legend says that in 1157, during the First Swedish Crusade, the Swedish king Eric the Holy saw a golden cross appear in the blue sky." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/240px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="160" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/360px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/480px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Sweden" title="Flag of Sweden">Flag of Sweden</a> (adopted 1906, but colors in use since at least the mid-16th century). The legend says that in 1157, during the <a href="/wiki/First_Swedish_Crusade" title="First Swedish Crusade">First Swedish Crusade</a>, the Swedish king <a href="/wiki/Eric_the_Holy" class="mw-redirect" title="Eric the Holy">Eric the Holy</a> saw a golden cross appear in the blue sky.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 152px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Ukraine.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Ukraine (1992 (originally in 1918))."><img alt="Flag of Ukraine (1992 (originally in 1918))." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/225px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/338px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/450px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Ukraine" title="Flag of Ukraine">Flag of Ukraine</a> (1992 (originally in 1918)).</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 102px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 100px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Vatican_City_(2023%E2%80%93present).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Vatican City (1929). The yellow color represents the golden key of the Kingdom of heaven, described in the Book of Matthew of the New Testament, and part of the Papal seal on the flag."><img alt="Flag of Vatican City (1929). The yellow color represents the golden key of the Kingdom of heaven, described in the Book of Matthew of the New Testament, and part of the Papal seal on the flag." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg/150px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg/225px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg/300px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Vatican_City" title="Flag of Vatican City">Flag of Vatican City</a> (1929). The yellow color represents the golden key of the Kingdom of heaven, described in the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Matthew" class="mw-redirect" title="Book of Matthew">Book of Matthew</a> of the <a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a>, and part of the Papal seal on the flag.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 152px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Vietnam.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Vietnam (1955). The big gold star represents five main classes (laborers, soldiers, peasants, intellectuals and bourgeois)."><img alt="Flag of Vietnam (1955). The big gold star represents five main classes (laborers, soldiers, peasants, intellectuals and bourgeois)." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/225px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/338px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/450px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Vietnam" title="Flag of Vietnam">Flag of Vietnam</a> (1955). The big gold star represents five main classes (laborers, soldiers, peasants, intellectuals and bourgeois).</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Defunct_flags">Defunct flags</h4></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 152px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Heiliges_R%C3%B6misches_Reich_-_Reichssturmfahne_vor_1433.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="The banner of the Holy Roman Empire (15th century). The black, yellow and red colors reappeared first in 1848 and then in the 20th century in the German flag."><img alt="The banner of the Holy Roman Empire (15th century). The black, yellow and red colors reappeared first in 1848 and then in the 20th century in the German flag." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Heiliges_R%C3%B6misches_Reich_-_Reichssturmfahne_vor_1433.svg/225px-Heiliges_R%C3%B6misches_Reich_-_Reichssturmfahne_vor_1433.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Heiliges_R%C3%B6misches_Reich_-_Reichssturmfahne_vor_1433.svg/338px-Heiliges_R%C3%B6misches_Reich_-_Reichssturmfahne_vor_1433.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Heiliges_R%C3%B6misches_Reich_-_Reichssturmfahne_vor_1433.svg/450px-Heiliges_R%C3%B6misches_Reich_-_Reichssturmfahne_vor_1433.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The banner of the Holy Roman Empire (15th century). The black, yellow and red colors reappeared first in 1848 and then in the 20th century in the German flag.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 152px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Gran_Colombia_(1819%E2%80%931820).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="(1819) The flag of Gran Colombia, which won independence from Spain, then broke into three countries (Colombia, Venezuela and Ecuador) in 1830."><img alt="(1819) The flag of Gran Colombia, which won independence from Spain, then broke into three countries (Colombia, Venezuela and Ecuador) in 1830." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Gran_Colombia_%281819%E2%80%931820%29.svg/225px-Flag_of_Gran_Colombia_%281819%E2%80%931820%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Gran_Colombia_%281819%E2%80%931820%29.svg/338px-Flag_of_Gran_Colombia_%281819%E2%80%931820%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Gran_Colombia_%281819%E2%80%931820%29.svg/450px-Flag_of_Gran_Colombia_%281819%E2%80%931820%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">(1819) The flag of <a href="/wiki/Gran_Colombia" title="Gran Colombia">Gran Colombia</a>, which won independence from Spain, then broke into three countries (<a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ecuador" title="Ecuador">Ecuador</a>) in 1830.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 152px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_China_(1889%E2%80%931912).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Imperial flag of the Qing dynasty, China (1890–1912), the last dynasty of China, overthrown by the Xinhai Revolution of 1911."><img alt="Imperial flag of the Qing dynasty, China (1890–1912), the last dynasty of China, overthrown by the Xinhai Revolution of 1911." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Flag_of_China_%281889%E2%80%931912%29.svg/225px-Flag_of_China_%281889%E2%80%931912%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Flag_of_China_%281889%E2%80%931912%29.svg/338px-Flag_of_China_%281889%E2%80%931912%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Flag_of_China_%281889%E2%80%931912%29.svg/451px-Flag_of_China_%281889%E2%80%931912%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Imperial flag of the <a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Qing dynasty</a>, China (1890–1912), the last dynasty of China, overthrown by the <a href="/wiki/Xinhai_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Xinhai Revolution">Xinhai Revolution</a> of 1911.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 152px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_South_Vietnam.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of South Vietnam (1955–75). This was the flag of the anti-communist southern part of Vietnam during the Vietnam War. It was replaced by the flag of North Vietnam after communist forces took Saigon on 30 April 1975."><img alt="Flag of South Vietnam (1955–75). This was the flag of the anti-communist southern part of Vietnam during the Vietnam War. It was replaced by the flag of North Vietnam after communist forces took Saigon on 30 April 1975." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Flag_of_South_Vietnam.svg/225px-Flag_of_South_Vietnam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Flag_of_South_Vietnam.svg/338px-Flag_of_South_Vietnam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Flag_of_South_Vietnam.svg/450px-Flag_of_South_Vietnam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Flag of <a href="/wiki/South_Vietnam" title="South Vietnam">South Vietnam</a> (1955–75). This was the flag of the anti-communist southern part of Vietnam during the <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a>. It was replaced by the flag of North Vietnam after communist forces took <a href="/wiki/Saigon" class="mw-redirect" title="Saigon">Saigon</a> on 30 April 1975.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 168.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 166.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_East_Germany.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="The flag of East Germany (1959–90). It differs from the West German flag by the presence of a communist symbol in the center, and it fell out of use when Germany was reunified after the fall of the Berlin Wall."><img alt="The flag of East Germany (1959–90). It differs from the West German flag by the presence of a communist symbol in the center, and it fell out of use when Germany was reunified after the fall of the Berlin Wall." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Flag_of_East_Germany.svg/250px-Flag_of_East_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="167" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Flag_of_East_Germany.svg/375px-Flag_of_East_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Flag_of_East_Germany.svg/500px-Flag_of_East_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The flag of <a href="/wiki/East_Germany" title="East Germany">East Germany</a> (1959–90). It differs from the West German flag by the presence of a communist symbol in the center, and it fell out of use when Germany was reunified after the fall of the <a href="/wiki/Berlin_Wall" title="Berlin Wall">Berlin Wall</a>.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3></div> <ul><li>In <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a>, the saffron colors of robes to be worn by monks were defined by the <a href="/wiki/Buddha" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddha">Buddha</a> himself and his followers in the 5th century BCE. The robe and its color is a sign of renunciation of the outside world and commitment to the order. The candidate monk, with his master, first appears before the monks of the monastery in his own clothes, with his new robe under his arm, and asks to enter the order. He then takes his vows, puts on the robes, and with his begging bowl, goes out to the world. Thereafter, he spends his mornings begging and his afternoons in contemplation and study, either in a forest, garden, or in the monastery.<sup id="cite_ref-Henri_Arvon_1951_pg._61–64_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Henri_Arvon_1951_pg._61–64-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Buddhist scriptures and commentaries, the robe dye is allowed to be obtained from six kinds of substances: roots and tubers, plants, bark, leaves, flowers and fruits. The robes should also be boiled in water a long time to get the correctly sober color. Saffron and ochre, usually made with dye from the <a href="/wiki/Curcuma_longa" class="mw-redirect" title="Curcuma longa">curcuma longa</a> plant or the heartwood of the <a href="/wiki/Jackfruit" title="Jackfruit">jackfruit</a> tree, are the most common colors. The so-called forest monks usually wear ochre robes and city monks saffron, though this is not an official rule.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The color of robes also varies somewhat among the different "vehicles", or schools of Buddhism, and by country, depending on their doctrines and the dyes available. The monks of the strict <a href="/wiki/Vajrayana" title="Vajrayana">Vajrayana</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Tantric_Buddhism" class="mw-redirect" title="Tantric Buddhism">Tantric Buddhism</a>, practiced in <a href="/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet">Tibet</a>, wear the most colorful robes of saffron and red. The monks of <a href="/wiki/Mahayana_Buddhism" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahayana Buddhism">Mahayana Buddhism</a>, practiced mainly in Japan, China and Korea, wear lighter yellow or saffron, often with white or black. Monks of <a href="/wiki/Hinayana_Buddhism" class="mw-redirect" title="Hinayana Buddhism">Hinayana Buddhism</a>, practiced in Southeast Asia, usually wear ochre or saffron color. Monks of the forest tradition in Thailand and other parts of Southeast Asia wear robes of a brownish ochre, dyed from the wood of the <a href="/wiki/Jackfruit" title="Jackfruit">jackfruit</a> tree.<sup id="cite_ref-Henri_Arvon_1951_pg._61–64_74-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Henri_Arvon_1951_pg._61–64-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Anne_Varichon_2000_pg._62_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Anne_Varichon_2000_pg._62-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a>, the divinity <a href="/wiki/Krishna" title="Krishna">Krishna</a> is commonly portrayed <a href="/wiki/P%C4%ABt%C4%81mbara" title="Pītāmbara">dressed in yellow</a>. Yellow and saffron are also the colors worn by <a href="/wiki/Sadhu" title="Sadhu">sadhu</a>, or wandering holy men in India. The Hindu almighty and divine god Lord Ganesha or Ganpati is mostly dressed with a dhotar in yellow, which is popularly known as pivla pitambar and is considered to be the most auspicious one.</li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Sikhism" title="Sikhism">Sikhism</a>: The Sikh Rehat Maryada clearly states that the <a href="/wiki/Nishan_Sahib" title="Nishan Sahib">Nishan Sahib</a> hoisted outside every <a href="/wiki/Gurdwara" title="Gurdwara">Gurudwara</a> should be xanthic (Basanti in <a href="/wiki/Punjabi_language" title="Punjabi language">Punjabi</a>) or greyish blue (modern day <a href="/wiki/Navy_blue" title="Navy blue">Navy blue</a>) (Surmaaee in <a href="/wiki/Punjabi_language" title="Punjabi language">Punjabi</a>) color.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>, the yellow color of gold symbolizes wisdom.</li> <li>In the religions of the islands of <a href="/wiki/Polynesia" title="Polynesia">Polynesia</a>, yellow is a sacred color, the color of the divine essence; the word "yellow" in the local languages is the same as the name of the <a href="/wiki/Curcuma_longa" class="mw-redirect" title="Curcuma longa">curcuma longa</a> plant, which is considered the food of the gods.<sup id="cite_ref-Anne_Varichon_2000_pg._62_76-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Anne_Varichon_2000_pg._62-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Church">Roman Catholic Church</a>, yellow symbolizes gold, and in <a href="/wiki/Christian_mythology" title="Christian mythology">Christian mythology</a> the golden key to the Kingdom of Heaven, which divine Christ gave to Saint Peter. The flag of the <a href="/wiki/Vatican_City" title="Vatican City">Vatican City</a> and the colors of the pope are yellow and white, symbolizing the gold key and the silver key. White and yellow together can also symbolize Easter, rebirth and Resurrection. Yellow also has a negative meaning, symbolizing betrayal; <a href="/wiki/Judas_Iscariot" title="Judas Iscariot">Judas Iscariot</a> is usually portrayed wearing a pale yellow toga. Yellow and golden <a href="/wiki/Halo_(religious_iconography)" title="Halo (religious iconography)">halos</a> mark the saints in religious paintings.</li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Wicca" title="Wicca">Wicca</a>, yellow represents intellect, inspiration, imagination, and knowledge. It is used for communication, confidence, divination, and study.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 176px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 174px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rank_celebration_of_Thai_Buddhist_monk_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Buddhist monks at the promotion ceremony of a monk in Thailand"><img alt="Buddhist monks at the promotion ceremony of a monk in Thailand" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Rank_celebration_of_Thai_Buddhist_monk_1.jpg/261px-Rank_celebration_of_Thai_Buddhist_monk_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="174" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Rank_celebration_of_Thai_Buddhist_monk_1.jpg/392px-Rank_celebration_of_Thai_Buddhist_monk_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Rank_celebration_of_Thai_Buddhist_monk_1.jpg/522px-Rank_celebration_of_Thai_Buddhist_monk_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1525" data-file-height="1316" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Buddhist monks at the promotion ceremony of a monk in Thailand</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 118px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 116px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Buddhist_monks_of_Tibet7.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Buddhist monks in Tibet"><img alt="Buddhist monks in Tibet" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Buddhist_monks_of_Tibet7.jpg/174px-Buddhist_monks_of_Tibet7.jpg" decoding="async" width="116" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Buddhist_monks_of_Tibet7.jpg/262px-Buddhist_monks_of_Tibet7.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Buddhist_monks_of_Tibet7.jpg/349px-Buddhist_monks_of_Tibet7.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="3343" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Buddhist monks in <a href="/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet">Tibet</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 233.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 231.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ueno_monk.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A Japanese Buddhist monk in downtown Tokyo"><img alt="A Japanese Buddhist monk in downtown Tokyo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Ueno_monk.jpg/347px-Ueno_monk.jpg" decoding="async" width="232" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Ueno_monk.jpg/522px-Ueno_monk.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Ueno_monk.jpg/694px-Ueno_monk.jpg 2x" data-file-width="799" data-file-height="518" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A Japanese Buddhist monk in downtown Tokyo</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 114.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 112.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sadou_Kathmandu_04_04.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A Hindu sadhu, or ascetic wandering monk or holy man, in Kathmandu, Nepal."><img alt="A Hindu sadhu, or ascetic wandering monk or holy man, in Kathmandu, Nepal." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Sadou_Kathmandu_04_04.jpg/169px-Sadou_Kathmandu_04_04.jpg" decoding="async" width="113" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Sadou_Kathmandu_04_04.jpg/253px-Sadou_Kathmandu_04_04.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Sadou_Kathmandu_04_04.jpg/337px-Sadou_Kathmandu_04_04.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="2560" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A Hindu <a href="/wiki/Sadhu" title="Sadhu">sadhu</a>, or ascetic wandering monk or holy man, in <a href="/wiki/Kathmandu" title="Kathmandu">Kathmandu</a>, Nepal.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 158.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 156.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gesupietrochiave.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Christ giving the golden key of the kingdom heaven to Saint Peter (1481–82), by Pietro Perugino. The golden key is the symbol of the Pope."><img alt="Christ giving the golden key of the kingdom heaven to Saint Peter (1481–82), by Pietro Perugino. The golden key is the symbol of the Pope." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Gesupietrochiave.jpg/235px-Gesupietrochiave.jpg" decoding="async" width="157" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Gesupietrochiave.jpg/353px-Gesupietrochiave.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Gesupietrochiave.jpg/470px-Gesupietrochiave.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1152" data-file-height="1103" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Christ giving the golden key of the kingdom heaven to <a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter" title="Saint Peter">Saint Peter</a> (1481–82), by <a href="/wiki/Pietro_Perugino" title="Pietro Perugino">Pietro Perugino</a>. The golden key is the symbol of the Pope.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 105.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 103.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Benedykt_XVI_(2010-10-17)_4.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pope Benedict XVI. The Pope traditionally wears gold and white outside St. Peter's Basilica."><img alt="Pope Benedict XVI. The Pope traditionally wears gold and white outside St. Peter's Basilica." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Benedykt_XVI_%282010-10-17%29_4.jpg/155px-Benedykt_XVI_%282010-10-17%29_4.jpg" decoding="async" width="104" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Benedykt_XVI_%282010-10-17%29_4.jpg/233px-Benedykt_XVI_%282010-10-17%29_4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Benedykt_XVI_%282010-10-17%29_4.jpg/311px-Benedykt_XVI_%282010-10-17%29_4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="691" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XVI" title="Pope Benedict XVI">Pope Benedict XVI</a>. The Pope traditionally wears gold and white outside St. Peter's Basilica.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 148px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 146px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nishan_Sahib_in_blue,_at_Baba_Phoola_Singh_di_Burj_in_Amritsar.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sikh Nishan Sahib in blue, at Akali Phoola Singh di Burj in Amritsar"><img alt="Sikh Nishan Sahib in blue, at Akali Phoola Singh di Burj in Amritsar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Nishan_Sahib_in_blue%2C_at_Baba_Phoola_Singh_di_Burj_in_Amritsar.jpg/219px-Nishan_Sahib_in_blue%2C_at_Baba_Phoola_Singh_di_Burj_in_Amritsar.jpg" decoding="async" width="146" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Nishan_Sahib_in_blue%2C_at_Baba_Phoola_Singh_di_Burj_in_Amritsar.jpg/329px-Nishan_Sahib_in_blue%2C_at_Baba_Phoola_Singh_di_Burj_in_Amritsar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Nishan_Sahib_in_blue%2C_at_Baba_Phoola_Singh_di_Burj_in_Amritsar.jpg/438px-Nishan_Sahib_in_blue%2C_at_Baba_Phoola_Singh_di_Burj_in_Amritsar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1832" data-file-height="1883" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Sikhs" title="Sikhs">Sikh</a> <a href="/wiki/Nishan_Sahib" title="Nishan Sahib">Nishan Sahib</a> in blue, at <a href="/wiki/Akali_Phula_Singh" title="Akali Phula Singh">Akali Phoola Singh</a> di Burj in <a href="/wiki/Amritsar" title="Amritsar">Amritsar</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="New_Age_Spiritual_Metaphysics">New Age Spiritual Metaphysics</h3></div> <ul><li>In the <a href="/wiki/Metaphysics" title="Metaphysics">metaphysics</a> of the <a href="/wiki/New_Age" title="New Age">New Age</a> author, <a href="/wiki/Alice_A._Bailey" class="mw-redirect" title="Alice A. Bailey">Alice A. Bailey</a>, in her system called the <a href="/wiki/Seven_Rays" class="mw-redirect" title="Seven Rays">Seven Rays</a> which classifies humans into seven different metaphysical psychological types, the <i>fourth ray</i> of <i>harmony through conflict</i> is represented by the color <i>yellow</i>. People who have this metaphysical psychological type are said to be <i>on the Yellow Ray</i>."<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Yellow is used to symbolically represent the third, solar plexus <a href="/wiki/Chakra" title="Chakra">chakra</a> (<a href="/wiki/Manipura" title="Manipura">Manipura</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychic" title="Psychic">Psychics</a> who claim to be able to observe the <a href="/wiki/Aura_(paranormal)" title="Aura (paranormal)">aura</a> with their <a href="/wiki/Third_eye" title="Third eye">third eye</a> report that someone with a yellow aura is typically someone who is in an <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/occupation" class="extiw" title="wikt:occupation">occupation</a> requiring intellectual acumen, such as a scientist.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sports">Sports</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bradley_Wiggins_Tour_2012_EZF.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Bradley_Wiggins_Tour_2012_EZF.jpg/220px-Bradley_Wiggins_Tour_2012_EZF.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Bradley_Wiggins_Tour_2012_EZF.jpg/330px-Bradley_Wiggins_Tour_2012_EZF.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Bradley_Wiggins_Tour_2012_EZF.jpg/440px-Bradley_Wiggins_Tour_2012_EZF.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1321" data-file-height="1089" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Bradley_Wiggins" title="Bradley Wiggins">Bradley Wiggins</a> wears the yellow jersey in the 2012 <a href="/wiki/Tour_de_France" title="Tour de France">Tour de France</a>.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>In Association football (soccer), the <a href="/wiki/Referee_(association_football)" title="Referee (association football)">referee</a> shows a <a href="/wiki/Yellow_card_(sports)" class="mw-redirect" title="Yellow card (sports)">yellow card</a> to indicate that a player has been officially warned because they have committed a foul or have wasted time.</li> <li>Originally in <a href="/wiki/Rugby_league" title="Rugby league">Rugby league</a> and then later, also in <a href="/wiki/Rugby_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Rugby Union">Rugby Union</a>, the referee shows a <a href="/wiki/Penalty_card" title="Penalty card">yellow card</a> to indicate that a player has been sent to the <a href="/wiki/Sin_bin" class="mw-redirect" title="Sin bin">sin bin</a>.</li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Road_bicycle_racing" title="Road bicycle racing">cycle racing</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Yellow_jersey" class="mw-redirect" title="Yellow jersey">yellow jersey</a> – or <i>maillot jaune</i> – is awarded to the leader in some stage races. The tradition was begun in the <a href="/wiki/Tour_de_France" title="Tour de France">Tour de France</a> where the sponsoring <i>L'Auto</i> newspaper (later <i><a href="/wiki/L%27%C3%89quipe" title="L'Équipe">L'Équipe</a></i>) was printed on distinctive yellow <a href="/wiki/Newsprint" title="Newsprint">newsprint</a>.</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Eurocopter_EC135P1_of_Western_Power_Distribution_(G-WPDD)_leaves_Bristol_Airport,_England_15Aug2016_arp.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Eurocopter_EC135P1_of_Western_Power_Distribution_%28G-WPDD%29_leaves_Bristol_Airport%2C_England_15Aug2016_arp.jpg/220px-Eurocopter_EC135P1_of_Western_Power_Distribution_%28G-WPDD%29_leaves_Bristol_Airport%2C_England_15Aug2016_arp.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="199" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Eurocopter_EC135P1_of_Western_Power_Distribution_%28G-WPDD%29_leaves_Bristol_Airport%2C_England_15Aug2016_arp.jpg/330px-Eurocopter_EC135P1_of_Western_Power_Distribution_%28G-WPDD%29_leaves_Bristol_Airport%2C_England_15Aug2016_arp.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Eurocopter_EC135P1_of_Western_Power_Distribution_%28G-WPDD%29_leaves_Bristol_Airport%2C_England_15Aug2016_arp.jpg/440px-Eurocopter_EC135P1_of_Western_Power_Distribution_%28G-WPDD%29_leaves_Bristol_Airport%2C_England_15Aug2016_arp.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2338" data-file-height="2114" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Eurocopter_EC135" title="Eurocopter EC135">Eurocopter EC135</a>P1 of <a href="/wiki/Western_Power_Distribution" title="Western Power Distribution">Western Power Distribution</a>, used for electricity line inspection</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>National teams of <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a> usually play in yellow shirts.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transportation">Transportation</h3></div> <ul><li>In some countries, <a href="/wiki/Taxicab" class="mw-redirect" title="Taxicab">taxicabs</a> are commonly yellow. This practice began in Chicago, where taxi entrepreneur <a href="/wiki/John_D._Hertz" title="John D. Hertz">John D. Hertz</a> painted his taxis yellow based on a <a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago" title="University of Chicago">University of Chicago</a> study alleging that yellow is the color most easily seen at a distance.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In Canada and the United States, <a href="/wiki/School_bus" title="School bus">school buses</a> are almost uniformly painted a yellow color (often referred to as "<a href="/wiki/School_bus_yellow" title="School bus yellow">school bus yellow</a>") for purposes of visibility and safety,<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and British bus operators such as <a href="/wiki/FirstGroup" title="FirstGroup">FirstGroup</a> are attempting to introduce the concept there.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Caterpillar_Inc." title="Caterpillar Inc.">Caterpillar</a> yellow" and "high-visibility yellow" are used for highway construction equipment.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In the <a href="/wiki/Traffic#Rules_of_the_road" title="Traffic">rules of the road</a>, yellow (called "amber" in Britain) is a <a href="/wiki/Traffic_light" title="Traffic light">traffic light</a> signal meaning "slow down", "caution", or "slow speed ahead". It is intermediate between green (go) and red (stop). In <a href="/wiki/Railway_signaling" class="mw-redirect" title="Railway signaling">railway signaling</a>, yellow is often the color for warning, slow down, such as with distant <a href="/wiki/Railway_signal" title="Railway signal">signals</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selective_yellow" title="Selective yellow">Selective yellow</a> is used in some automotive headlamps and fog lights to reduce the dazzling effects of rain, snow, and fog.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Maritime_signaling">Maritime signaling</h3></div> <ul><li>In <a href="/wiki/International_maritime_signal_flags" title="International maritime signal flags">International maritime signal flags</a> a yellow flag denotes the letter "Q".<sup id="cite_ref-USPS_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USPS-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It also means a ship asserts that it does not need to be quarantined.<sup id="cite_ref-USPS_88-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USPS-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Idioms_and_expressions">Idioms and expressions</h2></div> <ul><li>Yellow-belly is an American expression which means a <a href="/wiki/Coward" class="mw-redirect" title="Coward">coward</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The term comes from the 19th century and the exact origin is unknown, but it may refer to the color of sickness, which means a person lacks strength and stamina.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_journalism" title="Yellow journalism">Yellow journalism</a> is also an American term for news which present limited research to its findings.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_pages" title="Yellow pages">Yellow pages</a> refers in various countries to directories of telephone numbers, arranged alphabetically by the type of business or service offered.</li> <li>Asian people, especially <a href="/wiki/East_Asians" class="mw-redirect" title="East Asians">East Asians</a>, have been racialized as <a href="/wiki/Color_terminology_for_race" title="Color terminology for race">yellow</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Yellow_Peril" title="Yellow Peril">Yellow Peril</a> was a term used in politics and popular fiction in the late 19th and early 20th century to describe the alleged economic and cultural danger posed to Europe and America by Chinese immigration. The term was first used by <a href="/wiki/Kaiser_Wilhelm_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaiser Wilhelm II">Kaiser Wilhelm II</a> in Germany in 1895, and was the subject of numerous books and later films.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_fetish#Terminology_and_usage_of_yellow_fever" title="Asian fetish">Yellow fever</a> is a slang phrase to describe an Asian <a href="/wiki/Race_and_sexuality#Racial_fetishism" title="Race and sexuality">race fetish</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_yellow" title="High yellow">High yellow</a> was a term sometimes used in the early 20th century, to describe light-skinned African-Americans.</li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/yellow_snow" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:yellow snow">Yellow snow</a>, snow that is yellow from urination.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chromophobia" title="Chromophobia">Chromophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_colors" title="Lists of colors">Lists of colors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shades_of_yellow" title="Shades of yellow">Shades of yellow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium-vapor_lamp" title="Sodium-vapor lamp">Sodium-vapor lamp</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFElert2021" class="citation journal cs1">Elert, Glenn (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://physics.info/color/">"Color"</a>. <i>The Physics Hypertextbook</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160819205826/http://physics.info/color/">Archived</a> from the original on 19 August 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Physics+Hypertextbook&rft.atitle=Color&rft.date=2021&rft.aulast=Elert&rft.aufirst=Glenn&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fphysics.info%2Fcolor%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-css3-color-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-css3-color_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-color/#html4">"CSS Color Module Level 3"</a>. 19 June 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171129235005/http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-color/#html4">Archived</a> from the original on 29 November 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 April</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CSS+Color+Module+Level+3&rft.date=2018-06-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2FTR%2Fcss3-color%2F%23html4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fasebj.org-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-fasebj.org_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fasebj.org_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArmstrongHearst1996" class="citation journal cs1">Armstrong, G.A.; Hearst, J.E. (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fasebj.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=8641556">"Carotenoids 2: Genetics and molecular biology of carotenoid pigment biosynthesis"</a>. <i>FASEB J</i>. <b>10</b> (2): 228–37. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1096%2Ffasebj.10.2.8641556">10.1096/fasebj.10.2.8641556</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0892-6638">0892-6638</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8641556">8641556</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:22385652">22385652</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200714155221/http://www.fasebj.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=8641556">Archived</a> from the original on 14 July 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 November</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FASEB+J.&rft.atitle=Carotenoids+2%3A+Genetics+and+molecular+biology+of+carotenoid+pigment+biosynthesis&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=228-37&rft.date=1996&rft.issn=0892-6638&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A22385652%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F8641556&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1096%2Ffasebj.10.2.8641556&rft.aulast=Armstrong&rft.aufirst=G.A.&rft.au=Hearst%2C+J.E.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fasebj.org%2Fcgi%2Fpmidlookup%3Fview%3Dlong%26pmid%3D8641556&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-webexhibits.org-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-webexhibits.org_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-webexhibits.org_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.webexhibits.org/pigments/intro/antiquity.html%7cWebexhibits">"Antiquity"</a>. <i>Pigments through the Ages</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230203213029/https://www.webexhibits.org/pigments/intro/antiquity.html%7CWebexhibits">Archived</a> from the original on 3 February 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pigments+through+the+Ages&rft.atitle=Antiquity&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.webexhibits.org%2Fpigments%2Fintro%2Fantiquity.html%257cWebexhibits&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Eva_Heller_2000_p._82-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Eva_Heller_2000_p._82_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Eva_Heller_2000_p._82_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Cited in Eva Heller (2000), <i>Psychologie de la couleur – effets et symboliques</i>, p. 82.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Eva Heller (2000), <i>Psychologie de la couleur – effets et symboliques</i>, pp. 69–86.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPrice2001" class="citation web cs1">Price, Massoume (December 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iranchamber.com/culture/articles/festival_of_fire.php">"Culture of Iran: Festival of Fire"</a>. <i>Iran Chamber Society</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230203213021/https://www.iranchamber.com/culture/articles/festival_of_fire.php">Archived</a> from the original on 3 February 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Iran+Chamber+Society&rft.atitle=Culture+of+Iran%3A+Festival+of+Fire&rft.date=2001-12&rft.aulast=Price&rft.aufirst=Massoume&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iranchamber.com%2Fculture%2Farticles%2Ffestival_of_fire.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAmjadi2012" class="citation web cs1">Amjadi, Maryam Ala (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.payvand.com/news/12/mar/1051.html">"Shades of doubt and shapes of hope: Colors in Iranian culture"</a>. <i>Payvand</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221221225744/http://www.payvand.com/news/12/mar/1051.html">Archived</a> from the original on 21 December 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Payvand&rft.atitle=Shades+of+doubt+and+shapes+of+hope%3A+Colors+in+Iranian+culture&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=Amjadi&rft.aufirst=Maryam+Ala&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.payvand.com%2Fnews%2F12%2Fmar%2F1051.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Eva Heller (2000), <i>Psychologie de la couleur – effets et symboliques</i>, pp. 69–86</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Webster's New World Dictionary of American English</i>, Third College Edition, (1988)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?search=yellow&searchmode=none">"Online Etymology Dictionary"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060515042612/http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?search=yellow&searchmode=none">Archived</a> from the original on 15 May 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 November</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Online+Etymology+Dictionary&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.etymonline.com%2Findex.php%3Fsearch%3Dyellow%26searchmode%3Dnone&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oed.com/Entry/231534">"yellow, adj. and n"</a>. <i>Oxford English Dictionary</i>. OUP<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Oxford+English+Dictionary&rft.atitle=yellow%2C+adj.+and+n&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oed.com%2FEntry%2F231534&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged March 2023">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoelofsPetillion2012" class="citation book cs1">Roelofs, Isabelle; Petillion, Fabien (2012). <i>La couleur expliquée aux artistes</i>. 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W. G. (1980). <i>Measuring Color</i>. Ellis Horwood Ltd. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7458-0125-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7458-0125-4"><bdi>978-0-7458-0125-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Measuring+Color&rft.pub=Ellis+Horwood+Ltd&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=978-0-7458-0125-4&rft.aulast=Hunt&rft.aufirst=J.+W.+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFvon_Helmholtz1924" class="citation book cs1">von Helmholtz, Hermann (1924). <i>Physiological Optics</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 March</span> 2009</span>. <q>described as an "extremely rare yellow".</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Laserglow+%E2%80%93+Blue%2C+Red%2C+Yellow%2C+Green+Lasers&rft.pub=Laserglow.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.laserglow.com%2Findex.php%3Fportable&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ledmuseum-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ledmuseum_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnson2009" class="citation web cs1">Johnson, Craig (22 March 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ledmuseum.candlepower.us/yelldpss.htm">"Yellow (593.5 nm) DPSS Laser Module"</a>. The LED Museum. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090216143902/http://ledmuseum.candlepower.us/yelldpss.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 16 February 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 March</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Yellow+%28593.5+nm%29+DPSS+Laser+Module&rft.pub=The+LED+Museum&rft.date=2009-03-22&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=Craig&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fledmuseum.candlepower.us%2Fyelldpss.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-laserglow2-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-laserglow2_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.laserglow.com/GRH">"Laserglow – Blue, Red, Yellow, Green Lasers"</a>. Laserglow.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110805054301/https://www.laserglow.com/GRH">Archived</a> from the original on 5 August 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 August</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Laserglow+%E2%80%93+Blue%2C+Red%2C+Yellow%2C+Green+Lasers&rft.pub=Laserglow.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.laserglow.com%2FGRH&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-laserglow3-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-laserglow3_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.laserglow.com/page/optogenetics">"Laserglow – Blue, Red, Yellow, Green Lasers"</a>. Laserglow.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110915023159/http://www.laserglow.com/page/optogenetics">Archived</a> from the original on 15 September 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 September</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Laserglow+%E2%80%93+Blue%2C+Red%2C+Yellow%2C+Green+Lasers&rft.pub=Laserglow.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.laserglow.com%2Fpage%2Foptogenetics&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiller2005" class="citation book cs1">Miller, Ron (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QL9uAfad1ggC&q=spectral-class+yellow&pg=PA22"><i>Stars and Galaxies</i></a>. Twenty-First Century Books. p. 22. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7613-3466-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7613-3466-8"><bdi>978-0-7613-3466-8</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230320151550/https://books.google.com/books?id=QL9uAfad1ggC&q=spectral-class+yellow&pg=PA22">Archived</a> from the original on 20 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Stars+and+Galaxies&rft.pages=22&rft.pub=Twenty-First+Century+Books&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-7613-3466-8&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Ron&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQL9uAfad1ggC%26q%3Dspectral-class%2Byellow%26pg%3DPA22&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMurdin1984" class="citation book cs1">Murdin, Paul (1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/coloursofstars0000mali/page/18"><i>Colours of the stars</i></a>. CUP Archive. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/coloursofstars0000mali/page/18">18</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-25714-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-25714-5"><bdi>978-0-521-25714-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Colours+of+the+stars&rft.pages=18&rft.pub=CUP+Archive&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=978-0-521-25714-5&rft.aulast=Murdin&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcoloursofstars0000mali%2Fpage%2F18&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStrömgren1963" class="citation journal cs1">Strömgren, Bengt (1963). "Main Sequence Stars, Problems of Internal Constitution and Kinematics (George Darwin Lecture)". <i>Quarterly Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. <b>8</b>: 8–37. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1963QJRAS...4....8S">1963QJRAS...4....8S</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Quarterly+Journal+of+the+Royal+Astronomical+Society&rft.atitle=Main+Sequence+Stars%2C+Problems+of+Internal+Constitution+and+Kinematics+%28George+Darwin+Lecture%29&rft.volume=8&rft.pages=8-37&rft.date=1963&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1963QJRAS...4....8S&rft.aulast=Str%C3%B6mgren&rft.aufirst=Bengt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNortonCooper2004" class="citation book cs1">Norton, Andrew; Cooper, W. Alan (2004). <i>Observing the universe: a guide to observational astronomy and planetary science</i>. 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B. (1 April 1971). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fmnras%2F152.1.121">"Effective Temperatures, Intrinsic Colours, and Surface Gravities of Yellow Supergiants and Cepheids"</a>. <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. <b>152</b> (1): 121–131. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fmnras%2F152.1.121">10.1093/mnras/152.1.121</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0035-8711">0035-8711</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Monthly+Notices+of+the+Royal+Astronomical+Society&rft.atitle=Effective+Temperatures%2C+Intrinsic+Colours%2C+and+Surface+Gravities+of+Yellow+Supergiants+and+Cepheids&rft.volume=152&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=121-131&rft.date=1971-04-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fmnras%2F152.1.121&rft.issn=0035-8711&rft.aulast=Parsons&rft.aufirst=S.+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1093%252Fmnras%252F152.1.121&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeaulieu" class="citation web cs1">Beaulieu, David. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://landscaping.about.com/cs/fallfoliagetrees/a/fall_foliage4.htm">"Fall Foliage of 4 Types of Birch Trees"</a>. <i>About.com Home</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=About.com+Home&rft.atitle=Fall+Foliage+of+4+Types+of+Birch+Trees&rft.aulast=Beaulieu&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flandscaping.about.com%2Fcs%2Ffallfoliagetrees%2Fa%2Ffall_foliage4.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged March 2023">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Eva Heller (2000). <i>Psychologie de la couleur -effets et symboliques</i>, p. 82.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Yellowtown-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Yellowtown_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Yellowtown_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Yellowtown_29-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Yellowtown_29-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLewis2010" class="citation journal cs1">Lewis, Karen (2010). 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gmpct.com/products/stains_indicators_indicator_paper.php">the original</a> on 12 November 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 April</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ph+paper%2C+Litmus+paper%2C+ph+indicator%2C+laboratory+stain&rft.pub=GMP+ChemTech+Private+Limited&rft.date=2003&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gmpct.com%2Fproducts%2Fstains_indicators_indicator_paper.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hsarts-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-hsarts_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090510235604/http://www.ci.tucson.az.us/arthazards/paint1.html">"Health & Safety in the Arts"</a>. City of Tucson. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ci.tucson.az.us/arthazards/paint1.html">the original</a> on 10 May 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 March</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Health+%26+Safety+in+the+Arts&rft.pub=City+of+Tucson&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ci.tucson.az.us%2Farthazards%2Fpaint1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-webex-ochre-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-webex-ochre_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.webexhibits.org/pigments/indiv/overview/yellowochre.html">"Pigments through the ages: Yellow ochre"</a>. WebExhibits. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081014081816/http://www.webexhibits.org/pigments/indiv/overview/yellowochre.html">Archived</a> from the original on 14 October 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 March</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pigments+through+the+ages%3A+Yellow+ochre&rft.pub=WebExhibits&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.webexhibits.org%2Fpigments%2Findiv%2Foverview%2Fyellowochre.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-harley-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-harley_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarley2001" class="citation book cs1">Harley, Rosamond Drusilla (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090919084949/http://painting.about.com/od/productreviews/gr/RDHarley_pigmt.htm"><i>Artists' Pigments c1600-1835</i></a> (2 ed.). London: Archetype Publications. p. 117. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-873132-91-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-873132-91-3"><bdi>978-1-873132-91-3</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/47823825">47823825</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://painting.about.com/od/productreviews/gr/RDHarley_pigmt.htm">the original</a> on 19 September 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 March</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Artists%27+Pigments+c1600-1835&rft.place=London&rft.pages=117&rft.edition=2&rft.pub=Archetype+Publications&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F47823825&rft.isbn=978-1-873132-91-3&rft.aulast=Harley&rft.aufirst=Rosamond+Drusilla&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpainting.about.com%2Fod%2Fproductreviews%2Fgr%2FRDHarley_pigmt.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-webex-naples-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-webex-naples_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.webexhibits.org/pigments/indiv/overview/naplesyellow.html">"Pigments through the ages: Naples yellow"</a>. WebExhibits. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081017135003/http://www.webexhibits.org/pigments/indiv/overview/naplesyellow.html">Archived</a> from the original on 17 October 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 March</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pigments+through+the+ages%3A+Naples+yellow&rft.pub=WebExhibits&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.webexhibits.org%2Fpigments%2Findiv%2Foverview%2Fnaplesyellow.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-webex-cds-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-webex-cds_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.webexhibits.org/pigments/indiv/history/cdyellow.html">"Pigments through the ages: Cadmium yellow"</a>. WebExhibits. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120820023914/http://www.webexhibits.org/pigments/indiv/history/cdyellow.html">Archived</a> from the original on 20 August 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 April</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pigments+through+the+ages%3A+Cadmium+yellow&rft.pub=WebExhibits&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.webexhibits.org%2Fpigments%2Findiv%2Fhistory%2Fcdyellow.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-webex-cr-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-webex-cr_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.webexhibits.org/pigments/indiv/history/cryellow.html">"Pigments through the ages: Chrome yellow"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 April</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pigments+through+the+ages%3A+Chrome+yellow&rft.pub=WebExhibits&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.webexhibits.org%2Fpigments%2Findiv%2Fhistory%2Fcryellow.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lbnl2005-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-lbnl2005_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://coolcolors.lbl.gov/LBNL-Pigment-Database/paints/Y10.html">"LBNL Pigment Database: (Y10) Nickel Antimony Titanium Yellow Rutile (iii)"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 April</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=LBNL+Pigment+Database%3A+%28Y10%29+Nickel+Antimony+Titanium+Yellow+Rutile+%28iii%29&rft.pub=Lawrence+Berkeley+National+Lab&rft.date=2005-02-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcoolcolors.lbl.gov%2FLBNL-Pigment-Database%2Fpaints%2FY10.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BOEgamboge-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BOEgamboge_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/224855/gamboge">"gamboge (gum resin)"</a>. Britannica Online Encyclopedia. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091102115523/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/224855/gamboge">Archived</a> from the original on 2 November 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 April</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=gamboge+%28gum+resin%29&rft.pub=Britannica+Online+Encyclopedia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F224855%2Fgamboge&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SEWgamboge-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SEWgamboge_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090410075328/http://www.sewanee.edu/chem/chem%26art/Detail_Pages/Pigments/Gamboge">"Gamboge"</a>. Sewanee: The University of the South. 16 July 2002. 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Salter, Thomas (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/20915"><i>Field's Chromatography or Treatise on Colours and Pigments as Used by Artists</i></a>. London: Winsor and Newton. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090325053415/http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/20915">Archived</a> from the original on 25 March 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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(1989)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHanelt2001" class="citation book cs1">Hanelt, Peter (11 May 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=10IMFSavIMsC&pg=PA1352"><i>Mansfeld's Encyclopedia of Agricultural and Horticultural Crops: (Except Ornamentals)</i></a>. Springer. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783540410171" title="Special:BookSources/9783540410171"><bdi>9783540410171</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230320151604/https://books.google.com/books?id=10IMFSavIMsC&pg=PA1352">Archived</a> from the original on 20 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 August</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mansfeld%27s+Encyclopedia+of+Agricultural+and+Horticultural+Crops%3A+%28Except+Ornamentals%29&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2001-05-11&rft.isbn=9783540410171&rft.aulast=Hanelt&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D10IMFSavIMsC%26pg%3DPA1352&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLewington1990" class="citation book cs1">Lewington, Anna (1990). "Recreation-Plants that entertain us". <i>Plants for people</i>. London: Natural History Museum Publications. p. 206. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-565-01094-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-565-01094-2"><bdi>978-0-565-01094-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Recreation-Plants+that+entertain+us&rft.btitle=Plants+for+people&rft.place=London&rft.pages=206&rft.pub=Natural+History+Museum+Publications&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0-565-01094-2&rft.aulast=Lewington&rft.aufirst=Anna&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-compendium-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-compendium_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEastaughWalshChaplinSiddall2004" class="citation book cs1">Eastaugh, Nicholas; Walsh, Valentine; Chaplin, Tracey; Siddall, Ruth (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TKFiYsc_xOAC&q=%22Garcinia+hanburyi%22+gambogia&pg=PA164"><i>The Pigment Compendium: A Dictionary of Historical Pigments</i></a>. Butterworth-Heinemann. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7506-5749-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7506-5749-5"><bdi>978-0-7506-5749-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230320151604/https://books.google.com/books?id=TKFiYsc_xOAC&q=%22Garcinia+hanburyi%22+gambogia&pg=PA164">Archived</a> from the original on 20 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Pigment+Compendium%3A+A+Dictionary+of+Historical+Pigments&rft.pub=Butterworth-Heinemann&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-7506-5749-5&rft.aulast=Eastaugh&rft.aufirst=Nicholas&rft.au=Walsh%2C+Valentine&rft.au=Chaplin%2C+Tracey&rft.au=Siddall%2C+Ruth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DTKFiYsc_xOAC%26q%3D%2522Garcinia%2Bhanburyi%2522%2Bgambogia%26pg%3DPA164&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fanl-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-fanl_55-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFood_Standards_Australia_New_Zealand" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Food_Standards_Australia_New_Zealand" title="Food Standards Australia New Zealand">Food Standards Australia New Zealand</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090625024756/http://www.foodstandards.gov.au/newsroom/publications/choosingtherightstuff/foodadditivesnumeric1680.cfm">"Food Additives- Numerical List"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.foodstandards.gov.au/newsroom/publications/choosingtherightstuff/foodadditivesnumeric1680.cfm">the original</a> on 25 June 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 December</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Food+Additives-+Numerical+List&rft.au=Food+Standards+Australia+New+Zealand&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.foodstandards.gov.au%2Fnewsroom%2Fpublications%2Fchoosingtherightstuff%2Ffoodadditivesnumeric1680.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.food.gov.uk/safereating/chemsafe/additivesbranch/enumberlist">Current EU approved additives and their E Numbers</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101007124435/http://www.food.gov.uk/safereating/chemsafe/additivesbranch/enumberlist">Archived</a> 7 October 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>", Food Standards Agency website. Retrieved 15 December 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chemblink.com/products/1934-21-0.htm">"Acid Yellow 23"</a>. ChemBlink, an online database of chemicals from around the world. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130222070102/http://www.chemblink.com/products/1934-21-0.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 22 February 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 November</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Acid+Yellow+23&rft.pub=ChemBlink%2C+an+online+database+of+chemicals+from+around+the+world&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chemblink.com%2Fproducts%2F1934-21-0.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Code_of_Federal_Regulations" title="Code of Federal Regulations">CFR</a> 74.1705, 21 <a href="/wiki/Code_of_Federal_Regulations" title="Code of Federal Regulations">CFR</a> 201.20</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-isbn1-85573-722-1-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-isbn1-85573-722-1_59-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWood2004" class="citation book cs1">Wood, Roger M. (2004). <i>Analytical methods for food additives</i>. Boca Raton: CRC Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85573-722-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85573-722-8"><bdi>978-1-85573-722-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Analytical+methods+for+food+additives&rft.place=Boca+Raton&rft.pub=CRC+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-85573-722-8&rft.aulast=Wood&rft.aufirst=Roger+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Eva_Heller_2000_pg._33-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Eva_Heller_2000_pg._33_60-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Eva_Heller_2000_pg._33_60-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Eva Heller (2000), <i>Psychologie de la couleur – effets et symboliques</i>, p. 33.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchafer1956" class="citation cs2">Schafer, Edward H. (1956), "The Early History of Lead Pigments and Cosmetics in China", <i>T'oung Pao</i>, 2nd ser., vol. 44, Leiden: Brill, pp. 413–438, <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4527434">4527434</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Early+History+of+Lead+Pigments+and+Cosmetics+in+China&rft.btitle=T%27oung+Pao&rft.place=Leiden&rft.series=2nd+ser.&rft.pages=413-438&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=1956&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4527434%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Schafer&rft.aufirst=Edward+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDupree2017" class="citation cs2">Dupree, Scratch (30 January 2017), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chajournal.blog/2017/01/30/colors/">"Colors"</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chajournal.blog"><i>Cha</i></a>, Hong Kong</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Colors&rft.btitle=Cha&rft.place=Hong+Kong&rft.date=2017-01-30&rft.aulast=Dupree&rft.aufirst=Scratch&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fchajournal.blog%2F2017%2F01%2F30%2Fcolors%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Citation" title="Template:Citation">citation</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHsieh_&_al.2020" class="citation cs2">Hsieh, Tracy Tsuei-ju; et al. (November 2020), "Basic Color Categories in Mandarin Chinese Revealed by Cluster Analysis", <i>Journal of Vision</i>, vol. 20, <a href="/wiki/Rockville,_Maryland" title="Rockville, Maryland">Rockville</a>: Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, p. 6, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1167%2Fjov.20.12.6">10.1167/jov.20.12.6</a>, <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7671860">7671860</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33196769">33196769</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Basic+Color+Categories+in+Mandarin+Chinese+Revealed+by+Cluster+Analysis&rft.btitle=Journal+of+Vision&rft.place=Rockville&rft.pages=6&rft.pub=Association+for+Research+in+Vision+and+Ophthalmology&rft.date=2020-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7671860%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F33196769&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1167%2Fjov.20.12.6&rft.aulast=Hsieh&rft.aufirst=Tracy+Tsuei-ju&rft.au=Ichiro+Kuriki&rft.au=Chen+I-ping&rft.au=Yumiko+Muto&rft.au=Rumi+Tokunaga&rft.au=Satoshi+Shiori&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated82-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated82_64-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated82_64-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Eva Heller (2000), <i>Psychologie de la couleur – effets et symboliques</i>, p. 82.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAisin-Gioro1989" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Aisin-Gioro, Puyi (1989) [First published 1964]. <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/fromemperortocit00puyi"><i>From Emperor to Citizen: The Autobiography of Aisin-Gioro Pu Yi</i> <bdi lang="zh">我的前半生</bdi></a></span> [<i>The First Half of My Life; From Emperor to Citizen: The Autobiography of Aisin-Gioro Puyi</i>] (in Chinese). Foreign Languages Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-7-119-00772-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-7-119-00772-4"><bdi>978-7-119-00772-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+Emperor+to+Citizen%3A+The+Autobiography+of+Aisin-Gioro+Pu+Yi+%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E5%89%8D%E5%8D%8A%E7%94%9F&rft.pub=Foreign+Languages+Press&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-7-119-00772-4&rft.aulast=Aisin-Gioro&rft.aufirst=Puyi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffromemperortocit00puyi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow" class="Z3988"></span> – original</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHewitt2000" class="citation news cs1">Hewitt, Duncan (28 November 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/1045153.stm">"Chinese porn trader jailed for life"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081223141955/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/1045153.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 23 December 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 March</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Chinese+porn+trader+jailed+for+life&rft.date=2000-11-28&rft.aulast=Hewitt&rft.aufirst=Duncan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fworld%2Fasia-pacific%2F1045153.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Eva Heller (2000), <i>Psychologie de la couleur – effets et symboliques</i>, pp. 72–73.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Eva_Heller_2000_p._73-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Eva_Heller_2000_p._73_68-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Eva_Heller_2000_p._73_68-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Eva Heller (2000), <i>Psychologie de la couleur – effets et symboliques</i>, p. 73.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://italianthro.blogspot.fr/2011/11/hair-dye-and-wigs-in-ancient-rome.html">"Hair dye and wigs in Ancient Rome"</a>. 10 November 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170323054358/http://italianthro.blogspot.fr/2011/11/hair-dye-and-wigs-in-ancient-rome.html">Archived</a> from the original on 23 March 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hair+dye+and+wigs+in+Ancient+Rome&rft.date=2011-11-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fitalianthro.blogspot.fr%2F2011%2F11%2Fhair-dye-and-wigs-in-ancient-rome.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kettunen2005-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-kettunen2005_70-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKettunenHelmke2005" class="citation book cs1">Kettunen, Harri; Helmke, Christophe (5 December 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.docstoc.com/docs/2688831/Introduction-to-Maya-Hieroglyphs"><i>Introduction to Maya Hieroglyphs (Workshop Handbook 10th European Maya Conference)</i></a>. Leiden: Wayeb & Leiden University. p. 75. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081228212055/http://www.docstoc.com/docs/2688831/Introduction-to-Maya-Hieroglyphs">Archived</a> from the original on 28 December 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 March</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Introduction+to+Maya+Hieroglyphs+%28Workshop+Handbook+10th+European+Maya+Conference%29&rft.place=Leiden&rft.pages=75&rft.pub=Wayeb+%26+Leiden+University&rft.date=2005-12-05&rft.aulast=Kettunen&rft.aufirst=Harri&rft.au=Helmke%2C+Christophe&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.docstoc.com%2Fdocs%2F2688831%2FIntroduction-to-Maya-Hieroglyphs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdamsMoriokaStone2006" class="citation book cs1">Adams, Sean; Morioka, Noreen; Stone, Terry Lee (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/colordesignworkb0000ston/page/86"><i>Color Design Workbook: A Real World Guide to Using Color in Graphic Design</i></a>. Gloucester, Mass.: Rockport Publishers. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/colordesignworkb0000ston/page/86">86</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/159253192X" title="Special:BookSources/159253192X"><bdi>159253192X</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/60393965">60393965</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Color+Design+Workbook%3A+A+Real+World+Guide+to+Using+Color+in+Graphic+Design&rft.place=Gloucester%2C+Mass.&rft.pages=86&rft.pub=Rockport+Publishers&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F60393965&rft.isbn=159253192X&rft.aulast=Adams&rft.aufirst=Sean&rft.au=Morioka%2C+Noreen&rft.au=Stone%2C+Terry+Lee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcolordesignworkb0000ston%2Fpage%2F86&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKumarJoshi2006" class="citation journal cs1">Kumar, Rohit Vishal; Joshi, Radhika (October–December 2006). 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United Kingdom: Oxford University Press. 2007. p. 3804. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-920687-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-920687-2"><bdi>978-0-19-920687-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Shorter+Oxford+English+dictionary%2C+6th+ed&rft.place=United+Kingdom&rft.pages=3804&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-19-920687-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Picturesque Expressions: A Thematic Dictionary</i>, 1st Edition. © 1980 The Gale Group, Inc.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChow" class="citation web cs1">Chow, Kat. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/sections/codeswitch/2018/09/27/647989652/if-we-called-ourselves-yellow">"If We Called Ourselves Yellow"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NPR&rft.atitle=If+We+Called+Ourselves+Yellow&rft.aulast=Chow&rft.aufirst=Kat&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2Fsections%2Fcodeswitch%2F2018%2F09%2F27%2F647989652%2Fif-we-called-ourselves-yellow&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKeevak2011" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Keevak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michael Keevak (page does not exist)">Keevak, Michael</a> (2011). <i>Becoming Yellow: A Short History of Racial Thinking</i>. United States: Princeton University Press. p. 248. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-691-14031-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-691-14031-5"><bdi>978-0-691-14031-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Becoming+Yellow%3A+A+Short+History+of+Racial+Thinking&rft.place=United+States&rft.pages=248&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-691-14031-5&rft.aulast=Keevak&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/women/womens-life/10935508/Yellow-fever-fetish-Why-do-so-many-white-men-want-to-date-a-Chinese-woman.html">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Yellow fever' fetish: Why do so many white men want to date a Chinese woman?"</a>. July 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%27Yellow+fever%27+fetish%3A+Why+do+so+many+white+men+want+to+date+a+Chinese+woman%3F&rft.date=2014-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fwomen%2Fwomens-life%2F10935508%2FYellow-fever-fetish-Why-do-so-many-white-men-want-to-date-a-Chinese-woman.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/yellow" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Special:Search/yellow">yellow</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Yellow" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Yellow">Yellow</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDoran2013" class="citation book cs1">Doran, Sabine (2013). <i>The Culture of Yellow, or, The Visual Politics of Late Modernity</i>. Bloomsbury. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4411-8587-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4411-8587-7"><bdi>978-1-4411-8587-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Culture+of+Yellow%2C+or%2C+The+Visual+Politics+of+Late+Modernity&rft.pub=Bloomsbury&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-4411-8587-7&rft.aulast=Doran&rft.aufirst=Sabine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTravis2020" class="citation book cs1">Travis, Tim (2020). <i>The Victoria and Albert Museum Book of Colour in Design</i>. Thames & Hudson. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-500-48027-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-500-48027-4"><bdi>978-0-500-48027-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Victoria+and+Albert+Museum+Book+of+Colour+in+Design&rft.pub=Thames+%26+Hudson&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-0-500-48027-4&rft.aulast=Travis&rft.aufirst=Tim&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBall2001" class="citation book cs1">Ball, Philip (2001). <i>Bright Earth, Art and the Invention of Colour</i>. Hazan (French translation). <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-7541-0503-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-7541-0503-3"><bdi>978-2-7541-0503-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bright+Earth%2C+Art+and+the+Invention+of+Colour&rft.pub=Hazan+%28French+translation%29&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-2-7541-0503-3&rft.aulast=Ball&rft.aufirst=Philip&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeller2009" class="citation book cs1">Heller, Eva (2009). <i>Psychologie de la couleur – Effets et symboliques</i>. Pyramyd (French translation). <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-35017-156-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-35017-156-2"><bdi>978-2-35017-156-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Psychologie+de+la+couleur+%E2%80%93+Effets+et+symboliques&rft.pub=Pyramyd+%28French+translation%29&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-2-35017-156-2&rft.aulast=Heller&rft.aufirst=Eva&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKeevak2011" class="citation book cs1">Keevak, Michael (2011). <i>Becoming Yellow: A Short History of Racial Thinking</i>. Princeton University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-691-14031-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-691-14031-5"><bdi>978-0-691-14031-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Becoming+Yellow%3A+A+Short+History+of+Racial+Thinking&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-691-14031-5&rft.aulast=Keevak&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPastoureau2005" class="citation book cs1">Pastoureau, Michel (2005). <i>Le petit livre des couleurs</i>. Editions du Panama. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-7578-0310-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-7578-0310-3"><bdi>978-2-7578-0310-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Le+petit+livre+des+couleurs&rft.pub=Editions+du+Panama&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-2-7578-0310-3&rft.aulast=Pastoureau&rft.aufirst=Michel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGage1993" class="citation book cs1">Gage, John (1993). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/colourculturepra0000gage"><i>Colour and Culture – Practice and Meaning from Antiquity to Abstraction</i></a></span>. Thames and Hudson (Page numbers cited from French translation). <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-87811-295-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-87811-295-5"><bdi>978-2-87811-295-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Colour+and+Culture+%E2%80%93+Practice+and+Meaning+from+Antiquity+to+Abstraction&rft.pub=Thames+and+Hudson+%28Page+numbers+cited+from+French+translation%29&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-2-87811-295-5&rft.aulast=Gage&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcolourculturepra0000gage&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVarichon2000" class="citation book cs1">Varichon, Anne (2000). <i>Couleurs – pigments et teintures dans les mains des peuples</i>. Seuil. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-02084697-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-02084697-4"><bdi>978-2-02084697-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Couleurs+%E2%80%93+pigments+et+teintures+dans+les+mains+des+peuples&rft.pub=Seuil&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-2-02084697-4&rft.aulast=Varichon&rft.aufirst=Anne&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZuffi2012" class="citation book cs1">Zuffi, Stefano (2012). <i>Color in Art</i>. Abrams. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4197-0111-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4197-0111-5"><bdi>978-1-4197-0111-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Color+in+Art&rft.pub=Abrams&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-4197-0111-5&rft.aulast=Zuffi&rft.aufirst=Stefano&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRussoDreherMathre2003" class="citation book cs1">Russo, Ethan; Dreher, Melanie Creagan; Mathre, Mary Lynn, eds. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gZJ7m3Uf6FQC&q=Women+and+Cannabis%3A+Medicine%2C+Science%2C+and+Sociology"><i>Women and Cannabis: Medicine, Science, and Sociology</i></a> (1st ed.). Psychology Press (published March 2003). <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7890-2101-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7890-2101-4"><bdi>978-0-7890-2101-4</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 October</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Women+and+Cannabis%3A+Medicine%2C+Science%2C+and+Sociology&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Psychology+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-7890-2101-4&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgZJ7m3Uf6FQC%26q%3DWomen%2Band%2BCannabis%253A%2BMedicine%252C%2BScience%252C%2Band%2BSociology&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWillard2002" class="citation book cs1">Willard, Pat (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WsUaFT7l3QsC"><i>Secrets of Saffron: The Vagabond Life of the World's Most Seductive Spice</i></a>. Beacon Press (published 11 April 2002). <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8070-5009-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8070-5009-5"><bdi>978-0-8070-5009-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Secrets+of+Saffron%3A+The+Vagabond+Life+of+the+World%27s+Most+Seductive+Spice&rft.pub=Beacon+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-8070-5009-5&rft.aulast=Willard&rft.aufirst=Pat&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWsUaFT7l3QsC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArvon1951" class="citation book cs1">Arvon, Henri (1951). <i>Le bouddhisme</i>. Presses Universitaires de France. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-13-055064-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-13-055064-8"><bdi>978-2-13-055064-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Le+bouddhisme&rft.pub=Presses+Universitaires+de+France&rft.date=1951&rft.isbn=978-2-13-055064-8&rft.aulast=Arvon&rft.aufirst=Henri&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output 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style="width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Amber_(color)" title="Amber (color)">Amber</a></td><td style="width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Apricot_(color)" title="Apricot (color)">Apricot</a></td><td style="width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Arylide_yellow" title="Arylide yellow">Arylide yellow</a></td><td style="width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Aureolin" title="Aureolin">Aureolin</a></td><td style="width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Beige" title="Beige">Beige</a></td><td style="width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Buff_(colour)" title="Buff (colour)">Buff</a></td><td style="width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Shades_of_yellow#Yellow_(CMYK)_(process_yellow)_(canary_yellow)" title="Shades of yellow">Canary</a></td><td style="width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Champagne_(color)" title="Champagne (color)">Champagne</a></td><td style="width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Chartreuse_(color)" title="Chartreuse (color)">Chartreuse</a></td><td style="width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Chrome_yellow" title="Chrome yellow">Chrome yellow</a></td></tr><tr><td style="background:#FFBF00!important;border:1px solid;" class="mw-no-invert"> </td><td style="background:#FBCEB1!important;border:1px solid;" class="mw-no-invert"> </td><td style="background:#E9D66B!important;border:1px solid;" class="mw-no-invert"> </td><td style="background:#FDEE00!important;border:1px solid;" class="mw-no-invert"> </td><td style="background:#F5F5DC!important;border:1px solid;" class="mw-no-invert"> </td><td style="background:#E0AB76!important;border:1px solid;" class="mw-no-invert"> </td><td style="background:#FFEF00!important;border:1px solid;" class="mw-no-invert"> </td><td style="background:#F7E7CE!important;border:1px solid;" class="mw-no-invert"> </td><td style="background:#DFFF00!important;border:1px solid;" class="mw-no-invert"> </td><td style="background:#FFA700!important;border:1px solid;" class="mw-no-invert"> </td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:bottom;font-size:90%"><td style="width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Citron_(color)" title="Citron (color)">Citron</a></td><td style="width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Citrine_(colour)" title="Citrine (colour)">Citrine</a></td><td style="width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Cosmic_latte" title="Cosmic latte">Cosmic latte</a></td><td style="width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Cream_(colour)" title="Cream (colour)">Cream</a></td><td style="width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Goldenrod_(color)#Dark_goldenrod" title="Goldenrod (color)">Dark goldenrod</a></td><td style="width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Ecru" title="Ecru">Ecru</a></td><td style="width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Flax_(color)" title="Flax (color)">Flax</a></td><td style="width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Gamboge" title="Gamboge">Gamboge</a></td><td style="width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Gold_(color)" title="Gold (color)">Gold</a></td><td style="width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Gold_(color)#Gold_(metallic_gold)" title="Gold (color)">Gold (metallic)</a></td></tr><tr><td style="background:#DDD06A!important;border:1px solid;" class="mw-no-invert"> </td><td style="background:#E4D00A!important;border:1px solid;" class="mw-no-invert"> </td><td style="background:#FFF8E7!important;border:1px solid;" class="mw-no-invert"> </td><td style="background:#FFFDD0!important;border:1px solid;" class="mw-no-invert"> </td><td style="background:#B8860B!important;border:1px solid;" class="mw-no-invert"> </td><td style="background:#CDB280!important;border:1px solid;" class="mw-no-invert"> </td><td style="background:#EEDC82!important;border:1px solid;" class="mw-no-invert"> </td><td style="background:#EF9B0F!important;border:1px solid;" class="mw-no-invert"> </td><td style="background:#FFD700!important;border:1px solid;" class="mw-no-invert"> </td><td style="background:#D4AF37!important;border:1px solid;" class="mw-no-invert"> </td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:bottom;font-size:90%"><td style="width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Goldenrod_(color)" title="Goldenrod (color)">Goldenrod</a></td><td style="width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Harvest_gold" title="Harvest gold">Harvest gold</a></td><td style="width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Icterine" title="Icterine">Icterine</a></td><td style="width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Ivory_(color)" title="Ivory (color)">Ivory</a></td><td style="width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Jasmine_(color)" title="Jasmine (color)">Jasmine</a></td><td style="width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Jonquil_(color)" title="Jonquil (color)">Jonquil</a></td><td style="width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Khaki" title="Khaki">Khaki</a></td><td style="width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Lemon_chiffon" class="mw-redirect" title="Lemon chiffon">Lemon chiffon</a></td><td style="width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Lime_(color)#Lemon-lime" title="Lime (color)">Lemon-lime</a></td><td style="width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Light_yellow" class="mw-redirect" title="Light yellow">Light yellow</a></td></tr><tr><td style="background:#DAA520!important;border:1px solid;" class="mw-no-invert"> </td><td style="background:#E6A817!important;border:1px solid;" class="mw-no-invert"> </td><td style="background:#FCF75E!important;border:1px solid;" class="mw-no-invert"> </td><td style="background:#FFFFF0!important;border:1px solid;" class="mw-no-invert"> </td><td style="background:#F8DE7E!important;border:1px solid;" class="mw-no-invert"> </td><td style="background:#FACA16!important;border:1px solid;" class="mw-no-invert"> </td><td style="background:#C3B091!important;border:1px solid;" class="mw-no-invert"> </td><td style="background:#FFFACD!important;border:1px solid;" class="mw-no-invert"> </td><td style="background:#E3FF00!important;border:1px solid;" class="mw-no-invert"> </td><td style="background:#FFFFE0!important;border:1px solid;" class="mw-no-invert"> </td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:bottom;font-size:90%"><td style="width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Lion_(color)" title="Lion (color)">Lion</a></td><td style="width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Maize_(color)" title="Maize (color)">Maize</a></td><td style="width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Marigold_(color)" title="Marigold (color)">Marigold</a></td><td style="width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Mikado_yellow" title="Mikado yellow">Mikado yellow</a></td><td style="width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Chartreuse_(color)#Mindaro" title="Chartreuse (color)">Mindaro</a></td><td style="width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Mustard_(color)" title="Mustard (color)">Mustard</a></td><td style="width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Naples_yellow" title="Naples yellow">Naples yellow</a></td><td style="width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Navajo_white" title="Navajo white">Navajo white</a></td><td style="width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Old_gold" title="Old gold">Old gold</a></td><td style="width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Shades_of_orange#Papaya_whip" title="Shades of orange">Papaya whip</a></td></tr><tr><td style="background:#C19A6B!important;border:1px solid;" class="mw-no-invert"> </td><td style="background:#FBEC5D!important;border:1px solid;" class="mw-no-invert"> </td><td style="background:#EAA221!important;border:1px solid;" class="mw-no-invert"> </td><td style="background:#FFC40C!important;border:1px solid;" class="mw-no-invert"> </td><td style="background:#E3F988!important;border:1px solid;" class="mw-no-invert"> </td><td style="background:#FFDB58!important;border:1px solid;" class="mw-no-invert"> </td><td style="background:#FADA5E!important;border:1px solid;" class="mw-no-invert"> </td><td style="background:#FFDEAD!important;border:1px solid;" class="mw-no-invert"> </td><td style="background:#CFB53B!important;border:1px solid;" class="mw-no-invert"> </td><td style="background:#FFEFD5!important;border:1px solid;" class="mw-no-invert"> </td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:bottom;font-size:90%"><td style="width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Peach-yellow" class="mw-redirect" title="Peach-yellow">Peach-yellow</a></td><td style="width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Chartreuse_(color)#Pear" title="Chartreuse (color)">Pear</a></td><td style="width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Saffron_(color)" title="Saffron (color)">Saffron</a></td><td style="width:5%"><a href="/wiki/School_bus_yellow" title="School bus yellow">School bus yellow</a></td><td style="width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Selective_yellow" title="Selective yellow">Selective yellow</a></td><td style="width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Stil_de_grain_yellow" title="Stil de grain yellow">Stil de grain yellow</a></td><td style="width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Straw_(colour)" title="Straw (colour)">Straw</a></td><td style="width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Gold_(color)#Sunglow" title="Gold (color)">Sunglow</a></td><td style="width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Sunset_(color)" title="Sunset (color)">Sunset</a></td><td style="width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Vanilla_(color)" title="Vanilla (color)">Vanilla</a></td></tr><tr><td style="background:#FADFAD!important;border:1px solid;" class="mw-no-invert"> </td><td style="background:#D1E231!important;border:1px solid;" class="mw-no-invert"> </td><td style="background:#F4C431!important;border:1px solid;" class="mw-no-invert"> </td><td style="background:#ffd800!important;border:1px solid;" class="mw-no-invert"> </td><td style="background:#FFBA00!important;border:1px solid;" class="mw-no-invert"> </td><td style="background:#FADA5E!important;border:1px solid;" class="mw-no-invert"> </td><td style="background:#E4D96F!important;border:1px solid;" class="mw-no-invert"> </td><td style="background:#FFCC33!important;border:1px solid;" class="mw-no-invert"> </td><td style="background:#FAD6A5!important;border:1px solid;" class="mw-no-invert"> </td><td style="background:#F3E5AB!important;border:1px solid;" class="mw-no-invert"> </td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:bottom;font-size:90%"><td style="width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Wheat_(color)" title="Wheat (color)">Wheat</a></td><td style="width:5%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Yellow</a></td></tr><tr><td style="background:#F5DEB3!important;border:1px solid;" class="mw-no-invert"> </td><td style="background:#FFFF00!important;border:1px solid;" class="mw-no-invert"> </td></tr> </tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-size:smaller; background:transparent; box-shadow: inset 0 1px 0 0 #FFFF00;"><div>A typical sample is shown for each name; a range of color-variations is commonly associated with each color-name.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Links_to_related_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Links_to_related_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Links to related articles</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Colour_topics" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Color_topics" title="Template:Color topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Color_topics" title="Template talk:Color topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Color_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Color topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Colour_topics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Color" title="Color">Colour</a> topics</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Color_science" title="Color science">Colour science</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Colour physics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electromagnetic_spectrum" title="Electromagnetic spectrum">Electromagnetic spectrum</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Light" title="Light">Light</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rainbow" title="Rainbow">Rainbow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visible_spectrum" title="Visible spectrum">Visible</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spectral_color" title="Spectral color">Spectral colours</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chromophore" title="Chromophore">Chromophore</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Structural_colouration" class="mw-redirect" title="Structural colouration">Structural colouration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_colouration" class="mw-redirect" title="Animal colouration">Animal colouration</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colour_of_chemicals" class="mw-redirect" title="Colour of chemicals">Colour of chemicals</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Color_of_water" title="Color of water">Water</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spectral_power_distribution" title="Spectral power distribution">Spectral power distribution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorimetry" title="Colorimetry">Colorimetry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Color_vision" title="Color vision">Colour perception</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chromesthesia" title="Chromesthesia">Chromesthesia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sonochromatism" title="Sonochromatism">Sonochromatism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colour_blindness" class="mw-redirect" title="Colour blindness">Colour blindness</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Achromatopsia" title="Achromatopsia">Achromatopsia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dichromacy" title="Dichromacy">Dichromacy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colour_calibration" class="mw-redirect" title="Colour calibration">Colour calibration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colour_constancy" class="mw-redirect" title="Colour constancy">Colour constancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colour_task" class="mw-redirect" title="Colour task">Colour task</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colour_code" class="mw-redirect" title="Colour code">Colour code</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colour_temperature" class="mw-redirect" title="Colour temperature">Colour temperature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colour_vision_test" class="mw-redirect" title="Colour vision test">Colour vision test</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolution_of_colour_vision" class="mw-redirect" title="Evolution of colour vision">Evolution of colour vision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impossible_colour" class="mw-redirect" title="Impossible colour">Impossible colours</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metamerism_(color)" title="Metamerism (color)">Metamerism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opponent_process" title="Opponent process">Opponent process</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afterimage" title="Afterimage">Afterimage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unique_hues" title="Unique hues">Unique hues</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetrachromacy" title="Tetrachromacy">Tetrachromacy</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_dress" title="The dress">The dress</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Colour_psychology" class="mw-redirect" title="Colour psychology">Colour psychology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colour_symbolism" class="mw-redirect" title="Colour symbolism">Colour symbolism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colour_preferences" class="mw-redirect" title="Colour preferences">Colour preferences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCscher_colour_test" class="mw-redirect" title="Lüscher colour test">Lüscher colour test</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kruithof_curve" title="Kruithof curve">Kruithof curve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_colour" title="Political colour">Political colour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_colours" title="National colours">National colours</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chromophobia" title="Chromophobia">Chromophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chromotherapy" title="Chromotherapy">Chromotherapy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Colour_reproduction" class="mw-redirect" title="Colour reproduction">Colour reproduction</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colour_photography" class="mw-redirect" title="Colour photography">Colour photography</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colour_balance" class="mw-redirect" title="Colour balance">Colour balance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colour_cast" title="Colour cast">Colour cast</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_image_processing" title="Digital image processing">Digital image processing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colour_management" class="mw-redirect" title="Colour management">Colour management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colour_printing" class="mw-redirect" title="Colour printing">Colour printing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Multi-primary_colour_display" class="mw-redirect" title="Multi-primary colour display">Multi-primary colour display</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quattron" title="Quattron">Quattron</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colour_model" class="mw-redirect" title="Colour model">Colour model</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Additive_color" title="Additive color">additive</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RGB" class="mw-redirect" title="RGB">RGB</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subtractive_color" title="Subtractive color">subtractive</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CMYK" class="mw-redirect" title="CMYK">CMYK</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colour_space" class="mw-redirect" title="Colour space">Colour space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colour_mapping" class="mw-redirect" title="Colour mapping">Colour mapping</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:RGB_color_wheel.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/RGB_color_wheel.svg/100px-RGB_color_wheel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/RGB_color_wheel.svg/150px-RGB_color_wheel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/RGB_color_wheel.svg/200px-RGB_color_wheel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_color" title="Philosophy of color">Colour<br />philosophy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Colour_scheme" class="mw-redirect" title="Colour scheme">Colour scheme</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Color_picker" title="Color picker">Colour tool</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monochromatic_colours" class="mw-redirect" title="Monochromatic colours">Monochromatic colours</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black-and-white" title="Black-and-white">black-and-white</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Complementary_colours" class="mw-redirect" title="Complementary colours">Complementary colours</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Analogous_colours" class="mw-redirect" title="Analogous colours">Analogous colours</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grey" title="Grey">Achromatic colours (Neutral)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polychrome" title="Polychrome">Polychromatic colours</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Light-on-dark_color_scheme" title="Light-on-dark color scheme">Light-on-dark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_colours" class="mw-redirect" title="Web colours">Web colours</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tincture_(heraldry)" title="Tincture (heraldry)">Tinctures in heraldry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Colour_theory" class="mw-redirect" title="Colour theory">Colour theory</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colour_mixing" class="mw-redirect" title="Colour mixing">Colour mixing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Primary_colour" class="mw-redirect" title="Primary colour">Primary colour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secondary_colour" class="mw-redirect" title="Secondary colour">Secondary colour</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chromaticity" title="Chromaticity">Chromaticity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colour_solid" class="mw-redirect" title="Colour solid">Colour solid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colour_wheel" class="mw-redirect" title="Colour wheel">Colour wheel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colour_triangle" class="mw-redirect" title="Colour triangle">Colour triangle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colour_analysis" class="mw-redirect" title="Colour analysis">Colour analysis</a> (fashion)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colour_realism_(art_style)" class="mw-redirect" title="Colour realism (art style)">Colour realism (art style)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/On_Vision_and_Colours" title="On Vision and Colours">On Vision and Colours</a></i> (Schopenhauer)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Theory_of_Colours" title="Theory of Colours">Theory of Colours</a></i> (Goethe)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Colour_term" class="mw-redirect" title="Colour term">Colour terms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Color_term#Basic_color_terms" title="Color term">Basic terms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blue" title="Blue">Blue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green" title="Green">Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red" title="Red">Red</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Yellow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pink" title="Pink">Pink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purple" title="Purple">Purple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orange_(colour)" title="Orange (colour)">Orange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black" title="Black">Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grey" title="Grey">Grey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White" title="White">White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brown" title="Brown">Brown</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Color_in_culture" title="Category:Color in culture">Cultural differences</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Linguistic_relativity_and_the_colour_naming_debate" class="mw-redirect" title="Linguistic relativity and the colour naming debate">Linguistic relativity and the colour naming debate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blue%E2%80%93green_distinction_in_language" title="Blue–green distinction in language">Blue–green distinction in language</a></li></ul></li> <li>Colour history <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black-and-white_dualism" title="Black-and-white dualism">Black-and-white dualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_in_culture" title="Blue in culture">Blue in culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colour_in_Chinese_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Colour in Chinese culture">Colour in Chinese culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_colours_of_Japan" class="mw-redirect" title="Traditional colours of Japan">Traditional colours of Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_skin_colour" class="mw-redirect" title="Human skin colour">Human skin colour</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Colour dimensions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hue" title="Hue">Hue</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dichromatism" title="Dichromatism">Dichromatism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colourfulness" class="mw-redirect" title="Colourfulness">Colourfulness</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pastel_(color)" title="Pastel (color)">Pastel colours</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luminance" title="Luminance">Luminance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lightness" title="Lightness">Lightness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darkness" title="Darkness">Darkness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brightness" title="Brightness">Brightness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iridescence" title="Iridescence">Iridescence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluorescence" title="Fluorescence">Fluorescence</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grayscale" title="Grayscale">Grayscale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tint,_shade_and_tone" title="Tint, shade and tone">Tint, shade and tone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Colour<br />organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pantone" title="Pantone">Pantone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color_Marketing_Group" title="Color Marketing Group">Color Marketing Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color_Association_of_the_United_States" title="Color Association of the United States">Color Association of the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Colour_Authority" title="International Colour Authority">International Colour Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Commission_on_Illumination" title="International Commission on Illumination">International Commission on Illumination</a> (CIE)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Color_Consortium" title="International Color Consortium">International Colour Consortium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Colour_Association" title="International Colour Association">International Colour Association</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Names</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_colors" title="Lists of colors">Lists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_colours:_A%E2%80%93F" class="mw-redirect" title="List of colours: A–F">List of colours: A–F</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_colours:_G%E2%80%93M" class="mw-redirect" title="List of colours: G–M">List of colours: G–M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_colours:_N%E2%80%93Z" class="mw-redirect" title="List of colours: N–Z">List of colours: N–Z</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_colours_(compact)" class="mw-redirect" title="List of colours (compact)">List of colours (compact)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_colours_by_shade" class="mw-redirect" title="List of colours by shade">List of colours by shade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_colour_palettes" class="mw-redirect" title="List of colour palettes">List of colour palettes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_color_spaces_and_their_uses" title="List of color spaces and their uses">List of colour spaces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Crayola_crayon_colours" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Crayola crayon colours">List of Crayola crayon colours</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Crayola_crayons" title="History of Crayola crayons">history</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colour_chart" class="mw-redirect" title="Colour chart">Colour chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_RAL_colours" title="List of RAL colours">List of RAL colours</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_colors" title="Web colors">List of web colours</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_colors_by_shade" title="List of colors by shade">Shades of:</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shades_of_red" title="Shades of red">Red</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shades_of_orange" title="Shades of orange">Orange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shades_of_yellow" title="Shades of yellow">Yellow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shades_of_green" title="Shades of green">Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shades_of_cyan" title="Shades of cyan">Cyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shades_of_blue" title="Shades of blue">Blue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shades_of_violet" title="Shades of violet">Violet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shades_of_purple" title="Shades of purple">Purple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shades_of_magenta" title="Shades of magenta">Magenta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shades_of_pink" title="Shades of pink">Pink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shades_of_brown" title="Shades of brown">Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shades_of_white" title="Shades of white">White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shades_of_gray" title="Shades of gray">Gray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shades_of_black" title="Shades of black">Black</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Index_of_color-related_articles" title="Index of color-related articles">Related</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Visual_perception" title="Visual perception">Vision</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Contrast_(vision)" title="Contrast (vision)">Contrast</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qualia" title="Qualia">Qualia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lighting" title="Lighting">Lighting</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Color" title="Category:Color">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="List-Class article"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/31px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Index_of_color-related_articles" title="Index of color-related articles">Index</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Electromagnetic_spectrum" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Electromagnetic_spectrum" title="Template:Electromagnetic spectrum"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Electromagnetic_spectrum" title="Template talk:Electromagnetic spectrum"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Electromagnetic_spectrum" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Electromagnetic spectrum"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Electromagnetic_spectrum" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Electromagnetic_spectrum" title="Electromagnetic spectrum">Electromagnetic spectrum</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="padding:0.3em 0.5em 0.4em;line-height:1.25em;font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gamma_ray" title="Gamma ray">Gamma rays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X-ray" title="X-ray">X-rays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultraviolet" title="Ultraviolet">Ultraviolet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visible_spectrum" title="Visible spectrum">Visible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infrared" title="Infrared">Infrared</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microwave" title="Microwave">Microwave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_wave" title="Radio wave">Radio</a><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Frequency_vs._wave_length.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Frequency_vs._wave_length.svg/500px-Frequency_vs._wave_length.svg.png" decoding="async" width="500" height="65" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Frequency_vs._wave_length.svg/750px-Frequency_vs._wave_length.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Frequency_vs._wave_length.svg/1000px-Frequency_vs._wave_length.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="104" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div><span class="nobold"><i><span style="font-size:120%">←</span> higher <a href="/wiki/Frequency" title="Frequency">frequencies</a><span class="nowrap">       </span>longer <a href="/wiki/Wavelength" title="Wavelength">wavelengths</a> <span style="font-size:120%">→</span></i></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:lavender;"><a href="/wiki/Gamma_ray" title="Gamma ray">Gamma rays</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Very-high-energy_gamma_ray" title="Very-high-energy gamma ray">Very-high-energy gamma ray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultra-high-energy_gamma_ray" title="Ultra-high-energy gamma ray">Ultra-high-energy gamma ray</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:lavender;"><a href="/wiki/X-ray" title="X-ray">X-rays</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soft_X-ray" class="mw-redirect" title="Soft X-ray">Soft X-ray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hard_X-ray" class="mw-redirect" title="Hard X-ray">Hard X-ray</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:lavender;"><a href="/wiki/Ultraviolet" title="Ultraviolet">Ultraviolet</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Extreme_ultraviolet" title="Extreme ultraviolet">Extreme ultraviolet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vacuum_ultraviolet" class="mw-redirect" title="Vacuum ultraviolet">Vacuum ultraviolet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyman-alpha" title="Lyman-alpha">Lyman-alpha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Far_ultraviolet" class="mw-redirect" title="Far ultraviolet">FUV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_ultraviolet" class="mw-redirect" title="Middle ultraviolet">MUV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Near_ultraviolet" class="mw-redirect" title="Near ultraviolet">NUV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultraviolet_C" class="mw-redirect" title="Ultraviolet C">UVC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultraviolet_B" class="mw-redirect" title="Ultraviolet B">UVB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultraviolet_A" class="mw-redirect" title="Ultraviolet A">UVA</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:lavender;"><a href="/wiki/Visible_spectrum" title="Visible spectrum">Visible (optical)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Violet_(color)" title="Violet (color)">Violet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue" title="Blue">Blue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyan" title="Cyan">Cyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green" title="Green">Green</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Yellow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orange_(colour)" title="Orange (colour)">Orange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red" title="Red">Red</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:lavender;"><a href="/wiki/Infrared" title="Infrared">Infrared</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Near-infrared" class="mw-redirect" title="Near-infrared">NIR</a> (<a href="/wiki/Photometric_system" title="Photometric system">Bands</a>: <a href="/wiki/J_band_(infrared)" title="J band (infrared)">J</a>, <a href="/wiki/K_band_(infrared)" title="K band (infrared)">K</a>, <a href="/wiki/H_band_(infrared)" title="H band (infrared)">H</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infrared#Regions" title="Infrared">SWIR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infrared#Regions" title="Infrared">MWIR</a> (<a href="/wiki/Photometric_system" title="Photometric system">Bands</a>: <a href="/wiki/L_band_(infrared)" title="L band (infrared)">L</a>, <a href="/wiki/M_band_(infrared)" title="M band (infrared)">M</a>, <a href="/wiki/N_band" title="N band">N</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infrared#Regions" title="Infrared">LWIR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Far_infrared" title="Far infrared">FIR</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:lavender;"><a href="/wiki/Microwave" title="Microwave">Microwaves</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/W_band" title="W band">W band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V_band" title="V band">V band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Q_band" title="Q band">Q band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ka_band" title="Ka band">K<sub>a</sub> band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K_band_(IEEE)" title="K band (IEEE)">K band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ku_band" title="Ku band">K<sub>u</sub> band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X_band" title="X band">X band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C_band_(IEEE)" title="C band (IEEE)">C band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S_band" title="S band">S band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L_band" title="L band">L band</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:lavender;"><a href="/wiki/Radio_frequency" title="Radio frequency">Radio</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Terahertz_radiation" title="Terahertz radiation">THF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extremely_high_frequency" title="Extremely high frequency">EHF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super_high_frequency" title="Super high frequency">SHF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultra_high_frequency" title="Ultra high frequency">UHF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Very_high_frequency" title="Very high frequency">VHF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_frequency" title="High frequency">HF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medium_frequency" title="Medium frequency">MF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low_frequency" title="Low frequency">LF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Very_low_frequency" title="Very low frequency">VLF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultra_low_frequency" title="Ultra low frequency">ULF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super_low_frequency" title="Super low frequency">SLF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extremely_low_frequency" title="Extremely low frequency">ELF</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:lavender;"><a href="/wiki/Wavelength" title="Wavelength">Wavelength</a> types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Microwave" title="Microwave">Microwave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shortwave_radio" title="Shortwave radio">Shortwave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medium_wave" title="Medium wave">Medium wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longwave" title="Longwave">Longwave</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Web_colours" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Web_colors" title="Template:Web colors"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a 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title="Navy blue">Navy blue</a> <div style="background:navy; color:inherit; border:1px solid black"><br /></div></div> <div> <a href="/wiki/Purple" title="Purple">Purple</a> <div style="background:purple; color:inherit; border:1px solid black"><br /></div></div> </div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Web_colors" title="Category:Web colors">Category</a></b></li></ul> 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