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Humanized antibody - Wikipedia

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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Distinction_from_&quot;chimeric_antibody&quot;"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Distinction from "chimeric antibody"</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Distinction_from_&quot;chimeric_antibody&quot;-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Humanizing_via_a_chimeric_intermediate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Humanizing_via_a_chimeric_intermediate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Humanizing via a chimeric intermediate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Humanizing_via_a_chimeric_intermediate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Humanization_by_insertion_of_relevant_CDRs_into_human_antibody_&quot;scaffold&quot;" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Humanization_by_insertion_of_relevant_CDRs_into_human_antibody_&quot;scaffold&quot;"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Humanization by insertion of relevant CDRs into human antibody "scaffold"</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Humanization_by_insertion_of_relevant_CDRs_into_human_antibody_&quot;scaffold&quot;-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Derivation_from_sources_other_than_mice" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Derivation_from_sources_other_than_mice"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Derivation from sources other than mice</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Derivation_from_sources_other_than_mice-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon 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id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" 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class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anticorpo_umanizzato" title="Anticorpo umanizzato – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Anticorpo umanizzato" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%92%D7%93%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%9D" title="נוגדנים מואנשים – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="נוגדנים מואנשים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%92%E3%83%88%E5%8C%96%E6%8A%97%E4%BD%93" title="ヒト化抗体 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Antibodies from non-human species made nearly identical with human ones</div> <p><b>Humanized antibodies</b> are <a href="/wiki/Antibodies" class="mw-redirect" title="Antibodies">antibodies</a> from non-human species whose <a href="/wiki/Peptide_sequence" class="mw-redirect" title="Peptide sequence">protein sequences</a> have been modified to increase their similarity to antibody variants produced naturally in humans.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid3127726_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid3127726-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The process of "humanization" is usually applied to <a href="/wiki/Monoclonal_antibody" title="Monoclonal antibody">monoclonal antibodies</a> developed for administration to humans (for example, antibodies developed as anti-cancer drugs). Humanization can be necessary when the process of developing a specific antibody involves <a href="/wiki/Antibody_generator" class="mw-redirect" title="Antibody generator">generation</a> in a non-human immune system (such as that in mice). The protein sequences of antibodies produced in this way are partially distinct from <a href="/wiki/Homology_(biology)" title="Homology (biology)">homologous</a> antibodies occurring naturally in humans, and are therefore potentially <a href="/wiki/Immunogenic" class="mw-redirect" title="Immunogenic">immunogenic</a> when administered to human patients (see also <a href="/wiki/Human_anti-mouse_antibody" title="Human anti-mouse antibody">Human anti-mouse antibody</a>). The <a href="/wiki/International_Nonproprietary_Name" class="mw-redirect" title="International Nonproprietary Name">International Nonproprietary Names</a> of humanized antibodies end in <i>-zumab</i>, as in <i><a href="/wiki/Omalizumab" title="Omalizumab">omalizumab</a></i> (see <a href="/wiki/Nomenclature_of_monoclonal_antibodies" title="Nomenclature of monoclonal antibodies">Nomenclature of monoclonal antibodies</a>). </p><p>Humanized antibodies are distinct from <a href="/wiki/Chimeric_antibodies" class="mw-redirect" title="Chimeric antibodies">chimeric antibodies</a>. The latter also have their protein sequences made more similar to human antibodies, but carry a larger stretch of non-human protein. </p><p>There are other ways to develop monoclonal antibodies. This <a href="/wiki/List_of_monoclonal_antibodies" class="mw-redirect" title="List of monoclonal antibodies">list</a> covers many of the monoclonals developed for use in humans. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Use_of_recombinant_DNA_in_humanization_process">Use of recombinant DNA in humanization process</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Humanized_antibody&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Use of recombinant DNA in humanization process"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The humanization process takes advantage of the fact that production of monoclonal antibodies can be accomplished using <a href="/wiki/Recombinant_DNA" title="Recombinant DNA">recombinant DNA</a> to create <a href="/wiki/Expression_vector" title="Expression vector">constructs</a><sup id="cite_ref-pmid9202712_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid9202712-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> capable of <a href="/wiki/Gene_expression" title="Gene expression">expression</a> in <a href="/wiki/Mammal" title="Mammal">mammalian</a> <a href="/wiki/Cell_culture" title="Cell culture">cell culture</a>. That is, gene segments capable of producing antibodies are isolated and <a href="/wiki/Molecular_cloning" title="Molecular cloning">cloned</a> into cells that can be grown in a <a href="/wiki/Bioreactor" title="Bioreactor">bioreactor</a> such that antibody <a href="/wiki/Proteins" class="mw-redirect" title="Proteins">proteins</a> produced from the DNA of the cloned genes can be harvested <i>en masse</i>. The step involving recombinant DNA provides an intervention point that can be readily exploited to alter the protein sequence of the expressed antibody. The alterations to antibody structure that are achieved in the humanization process are therefore all effectuated through techniques at the DNA level. Not all methods for deriving antibodies intended for human therapy require a humanization step (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Phage_display" title="Phage display">phage display</a>) but essentially all are dependent on techniques that similarly allow the "insertion" or "swapping-out" of portions of the antibody molecule. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Distinction_from_&quot;chimeric_antibody&quot;"><span id="Distinction_from_.22chimeric_antibody.22"></span>Distinction from "chimeric antibody"</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Humanized_antibody&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Distinction from &quot;chimeric antibody&quot;"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chimeric_and_humanized_antibodies.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Chimeric_and_humanized_antibodies.svg/200px-Chimeric_and_humanized_antibodies.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Chimeric_and_humanized_antibodies.svg/300px-Chimeric_and_humanized_antibodies.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Chimeric_and_humanized_antibodies.svg/400px-Chimeric_and_humanized_antibodies.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="310" data-file-height="250" /></a><figcaption>Sketches of <a href="/wiki/Chimeric_antibody" class="mw-redirect" title="Chimeric antibody">chimeric</a> (top right), humanized (bottom left) and chimeric/humanized (bottom middle) monoclonal antibodies. Human parts are shown in brown, non-human parts in blue.</figcaption></figure> <p>Humanization is usually seen as distinct from the creation of a mouse-human <a href="/wiki/Fusion_protein" title="Fusion protein">antibody chimera</a>. So, although the creation of an antibody chimera is normally undertaken to achieve a more human-like antibody (by replacing constant region of the mouse antibody with that from human) simple chimeras of this type are not usually referred to as humanized. Rather, the protein sequence of a humanized antibody is essentially identical to that of a human variant, despite the non-human origin of some of its <a href="/wiki/Complementarity-determining_region" title="Complementarity-determining region">complementarity-determining region</a> (CDR) segments responsible for the ability of the antibody to bind to its target antigen. </p><p>Chimeric antibody names contain a <i>-xi-</i> stem. Examples of chimeric antibodies approved for human therapy include <a href="/wiki/Abciximab" title="Abciximab">abciximab</a> (ReoPro), <a href="/wiki/Basiliximab" title="Basiliximab">basiliximab</a> (Simulect), <a href="/wiki/Cetuximab" title="Cetuximab">cetuximab</a> (Erbitux), <a href="/wiki/Infliximab" title="Infliximab">infliximab</a> (Remicade) and <a href="/wiki/Rituximab" title="Rituximab">rituximab</a> (MabThera). There are also several examples of chimerics currently in clinical trials (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Bavituximab" title="Bavituximab">bavituximab</a>, see sortable <a href="/wiki/List_of_therapeutic_monoclonal_antibodies" title="List of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies">list</a> for additional examples). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Humanizing_via_a_chimeric_intermediate">Humanizing via a chimeric intermediate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Humanized_antibody&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Humanizing via a chimeric intermediate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The humanization process may also include the creation of a mouse-human chimera as an initial step. In this case, a mouse variable region is spliced to a human constant region. The chimera can then be further humanized by selectively altering the sequence of amino acids in the variable region of the molecule. </p><p>The alteration process must be "selective" to retain the specificity for which the antibody was originally developed. That is, since the CDR portions of the variable region are essential to the ability of the antibody to bind to its intended target, the amino acids in these portions cannot be altered without the risk of undermining the purpose of the development. Aside from the CDR segments, the portions of the variable regions that differ from those in humans can be corrected by exchanging the appropriate individual amino acids. This is accomplished at the DNA level through <a href="/wiki/Mutagenesis" title="Mutagenesis">mutagenesis</a>. </p><p>Naming of humanized chimeras includes the stem for both designations (<i>-xi-</i> + <i>-zu-</i>). <a href="/wiki/Otelixizumab" title="Otelixizumab">Otelixizumab</a> is an example of a humanized chimera currently in clinical trials for treatment of <a href="/wiki/Rheumatoid_arthritis" title="Rheumatoid arthritis">rheumatoid arthritis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Diabetes_mellitus" class="mw-redirect" title="Diabetes mellitus">diabetes mellitus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Humanization_by_insertion_of_relevant_CDRs_into_human_antibody_&quot;scaffold&quot;"><span id="Humanization_by_insertion_of_relevant_CDRs_into_human_antibody_.22scaffold.22"></span>Humanization by insertion of relevant CDRs into human antibody "scaffold"</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Humanized_antibody&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: Humanization by insertion of relevant CDRs into human antibody &quot;scaffold&quot;"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>It is possible to produce a humanized antibody without creating a chimeric intermediate. "Direct" creation of a humanized antibody can be accomplished by inserting the appropriate CDR coding segments (so-called 'donor', responsible for the desired binding properties) into a human antibody "scaffold" (so-called 'acceptor'). As discussed above, this is achieved through recombinant DNA methods using an appropriate vector<sup id="cite_ref-pmid9202712_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid9202712-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and expression in mammalian cells. That is, after an antibody is developed to have the desired properties in a mouse (or other non-human), the DNA coding for that antibody can be isolated, cloned into a vector and <a href="/wiki/DNA_sequencing" title="DNA sequencing">sequenced</a> (or the DNA can be sequenced directly using single-cell methods). The DNA sequence corresponding to the antibody CDRs can then be determined. Once the precise sequence of the desired CDRs are known, a strategy can be devised for inserting these sequences appropriately into a construct containing the DNA for a human antibody variant.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid15848072_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid15848072-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid18424812_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid18424812-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The strategy may also employ <a href="/wiki/Gene_synthesis" class="mw-redirect" title="Gene synthesis">synthesis</a> of linear DNA fragments based on the reading of CDR sequences. The process requires computer-modelling software to determine which of the antibody's amino acids can be changed from murine-sequence to human-sequence without the changes compromising the conformation of the binding site. In the United States, this software was developed, patented, and demonstrated, by <a href="/wiki/PDL_BioPharma" title="PDL BioPharma">Protein Design Labs, Inc.</a> in Mountain View, California, in the 1980s and 1990s.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Alemtuzumab" title="Alemtuzumab">Alemtuzumab</a> is an early example of an antibody whose humanization did not include a chimeric intermediate. In this case, a monoclonal dubbed "Campath-1" was developed to bind <a href="/wiki/CD52" title="CD52">CD52</a> using a mouse system. The hypervariable loops of Campath-1 (that contain its CDRs and thereby impart its ability to bind CD52) were then extracted and inserted into a human antibody framework.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid3127726_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid3127726-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Alemtuzumab is approved for treatment of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and is currently in clinical trials for a variety of other conditions including <a href="/wiki/Multiple_sclerosis" title="Multiple sclerosis">multiple sclerosis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Derivation_from_sources_other_than_mice">Derivation from sources other than mice</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Humanized_antibody&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: Derivation from sources other than mice"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are technologies that completely avoid the use of mice or other non-human mammals in the process of discovering antibodies for human therapy. Examples of such systems include various "display" methods (primarily <a href="/wiki/Phage_display" title="Phage display">phage display</a>) as well as methods that exploit the elevated B-cell levels that occur during a human immune response. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Display_methods">Display methods</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Humanized_antibody&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section: Display methods"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>These employ the selective principles of specific antibody production but exploit micro-organisms (as in <a href="/wiki/Phage_display" title="Phage display">phage display</a>) or even cell free extracts (as in <a href="/wiki/Ribosome_display" title="Ribosome display">ribosome display</a>). These systems rely on the creation of antibody gene <a href="/wiki/Genomic_library" title="Genomic library">"libraries"</a> which can be wholly derived from human RNA isolated from <a href="/wiki/Peripheral_blood" class="mw-redirect" title="Peripheral blood">peripheral blood</a>. The immediate products of these systems are antibody fragments, normally <a href="/wiki/Fragment_antigen-binding" class="mw-redirect" title="Fragment antigen-binding">Fab</a> or <a href="/wiki/Single-chain_variable_fragment" title="Single-chain variable fragment">scFv</a>. </p><p>This means that, although antibody fragments created using display methods are of fully human sequence, they are not full antibodies. Therefore, processes in essence identical to humanization are used to incorporate and express the derived affinities within a full antibody. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Adalimumab" title="Adalimumab">Adalimumab</a> (Humira) is an example of an antibody approved for human therapy that was created through phage display.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid10577977_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid10577977-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid12379628_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid12379628-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Antibodies_from_human_patients_or_vaccine_recipients">Antibodies from human patients or vaccine recipients</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Humanized_antibody&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Edit section: Antibodies from human patients or vaccine recipients"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>It is possible to exploit human immune reaction in the discovery of monoclonal antibodies. Simply put, human immune response works in the same way as that in a mouse or other non-human mammal. Therefore, persons experiencing a challenge to their immune system, such as an infectious disease, cancer or a vaccination are a potential source of monoclonal antibodies directed at that challenge. This approach seems especially apt for the development of anti-viral therapies that exploit the principles of <a href="/wiki/Passive_immunity" title="Passive immunity">passive immunity</a>. Variants of this approach have been demonstrated in principle<sup id="cite_ref-pmid14659916_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid14659916-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and some are finding their way into commercial development.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Humanized_antibody&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_therapeutic_monoclonal_antibodies" title="List of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies">List of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Humanized_antibody&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-pmid3127726-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pmid3127726_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pmid3127726_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFRiechmannClarkWaldmannWinter1988" class="citation journal cs1">Riechmann L, Clark M, Waldmann H, Winter G (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2F332323a0">"Reshaping human antibodies for therapy"</a>. <i>Nature</i>. <b>332</b> (6162): 323–7. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1988Natur.332..323R">1988Natur.332..323R</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2F332323a0">10.1038/332323a0</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3127726">3127726</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:4335569">4335569</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Nature&amp;rft.atitle=Reshaping+human+antibodies+for+therapy&amp;rft.volume=332&amp;rft.issue=6162&amp;rft.pages=323-7&amp;rft.date=1988&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2F332323a0&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A4335569%23id-name%3DS2CID&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F3127726&amp;rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1988Natur.332..323R&amp;rft.aulast=Riechmann&amp;rft.aufirst=L&amp;rft.au=Clark%2C+M&amp;rft.au=Waldmann%2C+H&amp;rft.au=Winter%2C+G&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1038%252F332323a0&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHumanized+antibody" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFQueenSchneiderSelickPayne1989" class="citation journal cs1">Queen C, Schneider WP, Selick HE, Payne PW, Landolfi NF, Duncan JF, Avdalovic NM, Levitt M, Junghans RP, Waldmann TA (Dec 1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC298637">"A humanized antibody that binds to the interleukin 2 receptor"</a>. <i>Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A</i>. <b>86</b> (24): 10029–33. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1989PNAS...8610029Q">1989PNAS...8610029Q</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.86.24.10029">10.1073/pnas.86.24.10029</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a>&#160;<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC298637">298637</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2513570">2513570</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Proc+Natl+Acad+Sci+U+S+A&amp;rft.atitle=A+humanized+antibody+that+binds+to+the+interleukin+2+receptor.&amp;rft.volume=86&amp;rft.issue=24&amp;rft.pages=10029-33&amp;rft.date=1989-12&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC298637%23id-name%3DPMC&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F2513570&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1073%2Fpnas.86.24.10029&amp;rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1989PNAS...8610029Q&amp;rft.aulast=Queen&amp;rft.aufirst=C&amp;rft.au=Schneider%2C+WP&amp;rft.au=Selick%2C+HE&amp;rft.au=Payne%2C+PW&amp;rft.au=Landolfi%2C+NF&amp;rft.au=Duncan%2C+JF&amp;rft.au=Avdalovic%2C+NM&amp;rft.au=Levitt%2C+M&amp;rft.au=Junghans%2C+RP&amp;rft.au=Waldmann%2C+TA&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC298637&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHumanized+antibody" class="Z3988"></span> (This is an early example of the use of the term "humanized antibody".)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid9202712-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pmid9202712_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pmid9202712_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNorderhaugOlafsenMichaelsenSandlie1997" class="citation journal cs1">Norderhaug L, Olafsen T, Michaelsen TE, Sandlie I (May 1997). 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Ho, Mitchell (2016-09-26). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27667400">"Humanization of high-affinity antibodies targeting glypican-3 in hepatocellular carcinoma"</a>. <i>Scientific Reports</i>. <b>6</b>: 33878. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fsrep33878">10.1038/srep33878</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2045-2322">2045-2322</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a>&#160;<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5036187">5036187</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27667400">27667400</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Scientific+Reports&amp;rft.atitle=Humanization+of+high-affinity+antibodies+targeting+glypican-3+in+hepatocellular+carcinoma&amp;rft.volume=6&amp;rft.pages=33878&amp;rft.date=2016-09-26&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5036187%23id-name%3DPMC&amp;rft.issn=2045-2322&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F27667400&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fsrep33878&amp;rft.aulast=Zhang&amp;rft.aufirst=Yi-Fan&amp;rft.au=Ho%2C+Mitchell&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F27667400&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHumanized+antibody" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZhangHo2017" class="citation journal cs1">Zhang, Yi-Fan; Ho, Mitchell (April 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28165915">"Humanization of rabbit monoclonal antibodies via grafting combined Kabat/IMGT/Paratome complementarity-determining regions: Rationale and examples"</a>. <i>mAbs</i>. <b>9</b> (3): 419–429. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F19420862.2017.1289302">10.1080/19420862.2017.1289302</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1942-0870">1942-0870</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a>&#160;<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5384799">5384799</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28165915">28165915</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=mAbs&amp;rft.atitle=Humanization+of+rabbit+monoclonal+antibodies+via+grafting+combined+Kabat%2FIMGT%2FParatome+complementarity-determining+regions%3A+Rationale+and+examples&amp;rft.volume=9&amp;rft.issue=3&amp;rft.pages=419-429&amp;rft.date=2017-04&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5384799%23id-name%3DPMC&amp;rft.issn=1942-0870&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F28165915&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F19420862.2017.1289302&amp;rft.aulast=Zhang&amp;rft.aufirst=Yi-Fan&amp;rft.au=Ho%2C+Mitchell&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F28165915&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHumanized+antibody" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZhangSunHongHo2023" class="citation journal cs1">Zhang, Yi-Fan; 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(Nov 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1766582">"Preliminary results of early clinical trials with the fully human anti-TNFalpha monoclonal antibody D2E7"</a>. <i>Ann Rheum Dis</i>. <b>58</b> (Suppl 1): I70–2. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1136%2Fard.58.2008.i70">10.1136/ard.58.2008.i70</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a>&#160;<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1766582">1766582</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10577977">10577977</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Ann+Rheum+Dis&amp;rft.atitle=Preliminary+results+of+early+clinical+trials+with+the+fully+human+anti-TNFalpha+monoclonal+antibody+D2E7&amp;rft.volume=58&amp;rft.issue=Suppl+1&amp;rft.pages=I70-2&amp;rft.date=1999-11&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1766582%23id-name%3DPMC&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F10577977&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1136%2Fard.58.2008.i70&amp;rft.au=Kempeni+J.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1766582&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHumanized+antibody" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid12379628-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pmid12379628_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRau_R2002" class="citation journal cs1">Rau R (Nov 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1766697">"Adalimumab (a fully human anti-tumour necrosis factor alpha monoclonal antibody) in the treatment of active rheumatoid arthritis: the initial results of five trials"</a>. <i>Ann Rheum Dis</i>. <b>61</b> (Suppl 2): 70–3. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1136%2Fard.61.suppl_2.ii70">10.1136/ard.61.suppl_2.ii70</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a>&#160;<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1766697">1766697</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12379628">12379628</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Ann+Rheum+Dis&amp;rft.atitle=Adalimumab+%28a+fully+human+anti-tumour+necrosis+factor+alpha+monoclonal+antibody%29+in+the+treatment+of+active+rheumatoid+arthritis%3A+the+initial+results+of+five+trials&amp;rft.volume=61&amp;rft.issue=Suppl+2&amp;rft.pages=70-3&amp;rft.date=2002-11&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1766697%23id-name%3DPMC&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12379628&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1136%2Fard.61.suppl_2.ii70&amp;rft.au=Rau+R&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1766697&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHumanized+antibody" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid14659916-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pmid14659916_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStacyKausmallySimonsenNordgard2003" class="citation journal cs1">Stacy JE, Kausmally L, Simonsen B, Nordgard SH, Alsøe L, Michaelsen TE, Brekke OH (Dec 2003). 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=J+Immunol+Methods&amp;rft.atitle=Direct+isolation+of+recombinant+human+antibodies+against+group+B+Neisseria+meningitidis+from+scFv+expression+libraries&amp;rft.volume=283&amp;rft.issue=1%E2%80%932&amp;rft.pages=247-59&amp;rft.date=2003-12&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.jim.2003.09.015&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F14659916&amp;rft.aulast=Stacy&amp;rft.aufirst=JE&amp;rft.au=Kausmally%2C+L&amp;rft.au=Simonsen%2C+B&amp;rft.au=Nordgard%2C+SH&amp;rft.au=Als%C3%B8e%2C+L&amp;rft.au=Michaelsen%2C+TE&amp;rft.au=Brekke%2C+OH&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHumanized+antibody" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.theraclone-sciences.com/pdf/Theraclone_ISTAR.pdf">http://www.theraclone-sciences.com/pdf/Theraclone_ISTAR.pdf</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303185341/http://www.theraclone-sciences.com/pdf/Theraclone_ISTAR.pdf">Archived</a> 2016-03-03 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Example of method using human patients as source of monoclonal antibodies</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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systems</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bone" title="Bone">Bone</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Human</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Burosumab" title="Burosumab">Burosumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denosumab" title="Denosumab">Denosumab</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Humanized</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blosozumab" title="Blosozumab">Blosozumab</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romosozumab" title="Romosozumab">Romosozumab</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Human_musculoskeletal_system" title="Human musculoskeletal system">Musculoskeletal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Human" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Human</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stamulumab" title="Stamulumab">Stamulumab</a><sup>†</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Circulatory_system" title="Circulatory system">Circulatory</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Human</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abelacimab" title="Abelacimab">Abelacimab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alirocumab" title="Alirocumab">Alirocumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ascrinvacumab" title="Ascrinvacumab">Ascrinvacumab</a><sup>§</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bentracimab" title="Bentracimab">Bentracimab</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enoticumab" title="Enoticumab">Enoticumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evinacumab" title="Evinacumab">Evinacumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolocumab" title="Evolocumab">Evolocumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icrucumab" title="Icrucumab">Icrucumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inclacumab" title="Inclacumab">Inclacumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marstacimab" title="Marstacimab">Marstacimab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nesvacumab" title="Nesvacumab">Nesvacumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orticumab" title="Orticumab">Orticumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramucirumab" title="Ramucirumab">Ramucirumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rinucumab" title="Rinucumab">Rinucumab</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mouse</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indium_(111In)_biciromab" title="Indium (111In) biciromab">Biciromab</a><sup>‡</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indium_(111In)_imciromab" title="Indium (111In) imciromab">Imciromab</a><sup>‡</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fusion_protein" title="Fusion protein">Chimeric</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abciximab" title="Abciximab">Abciximab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volociximab" title="Volociximab">Volociximab</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Humanized</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alacizumab_pegol" title="Alacizumab pegol">Alacizumab pegol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bevacizumab" title="Bevacizumab">Bevacizumab</a>/<a href="/wiki/Ranibizumab" title="Ranibizumab">Ranibizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bococizumab" title="Bococizumab">Bococizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brolucizumab" title="Brolucizumab">Brolucizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caplacizumab" title="Caplacizumab">Caplacizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concizumab" title="Concizumab">Concizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demcizumab" title="Demcizumab">Demcizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emicizumab" title="Emicizumab">Emicizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etaracizumab" title="Etaracizumab">Etaracizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faricimab" title="Faricimab">Faricimab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idarucizumab" title="Idarucizumab">Idarucizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralpancizumab" title="Ralpancizumab">Ralpancizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tadocizumab" title="Tadocizumab">Tadocizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanucizumab" title="Vanucizumab">Vanucizumab</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Neurology" title="Neurology">Neurologic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Human</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-amyloid_drugs" title="Anti-amyloid drugs">Anti-amyloid drugs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aducanumab" title="Aducanumab">Aducanumab</a><sup>‡</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donanemab" title="Donanemab">Donanemab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gantenerumab" title="Gantenerumab">Gantenerumab</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lecanemab" title="Lecanemab">Lecanemab</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erenumab" title="Erenumab">Erenumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fasinumab" title="Fasinumab">Fasinumab</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fulranumab" title="Fulranumab">Fulranumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opicinumab" title="Opicinumab">Opicinumab</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Humanized</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bapineuzumab" title="Bapineuzumab">Bapineuzumab</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crenezumab" title="Crenezumab">Crenezumab</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eptinezumab" title="Eptinezumab">Eptinezumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fremanezumab" title="Fremanezumab">Fremanezumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galcanezumab" title="Galcanezumab">Galcanezumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ozanezumab" title="Ozanezumab">Ozanezumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ponezumab" title="Ponezumab">Ponezumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refanezumab" title="Refanezumab">Refanezumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semorinemab" title="Semorinemab">Semorinemab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solanezumab" title="Solanezumab">Solanezumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanezumab" title="Tanezumab">Tanezumab</a><sup>†</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Angiogenesis_inhibitor" title="Angiogenesis inhibitor">Angiogenesis inhibitor</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Humanized" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Humanized</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ranibizumab" title="Ranibizumab">Ranibizumab</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Growth_factor" title="Growth factor">Growth factor</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Human</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bimagrumab" title="Bimagrumab">Bimagrumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trevogrumab" title="Trevogrumab">Trevogrumab</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Humanized</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Domagrozumab" title="Domagrozumab">Domagrozumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landogrozumab" title="Landogrozumab">Landogrozumab</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><sup>#</sup><a href="/wiki/WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines" title="WHO Model List of Essential Medicines">WHO-EM</a></li> <li><sup>‡</sup><a href="/wiki/List_of_withdrawn_drugs" title="List of withdrawn drugs">Withdrawn</a> from market</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinical_trial" title="Clinical trial">Clinical trials</a>: <ul><li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Phases_of_clinical_research#Phase_III" title="Phases of clinical research">Phase III</a></li> <li><sup>§</sup>Never to phase III</li></ul></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Monoclonal_antibodies_for_the_immune_system" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Monoclonals_for_immune_system" title="Template:Monoclonals for immune system"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Monoclonals_for_immune_system" title="Template talk:Monoclonals for immune system"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Monoclonals_for_immune_system" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Monoclonals for immune system"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Monoclonal_antibodies_for_the_immune_system" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Monoclonal_antibodies" class="mw-redirect" title="Monoclonal antibodies">Monoclonal antibodies</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Immune_system" title="Immune system">immune system</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Immune_system" title="Immune system">Immune system</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Human</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Immunosuppression" title="Immunosuppression">Immunosuppression</a></i>: <a href="/wiki/Abrilumab" title="Abrilumab">Abrilumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adalimumab" title="Adalimumab">Adalimumab</a><sup>#</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anifrolumab" title="Anifrolumab">Anifrolumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atorolimumab" title="Atorolimumab">Atorolimumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avelumab" title="Avelumab">Avelumab</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Avdoralimab&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Avdoralimab (page does not exist)">Avdoralimab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belimumab" title="Belimumab">Belimumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bleselumab" title="Bleselumab">Bleselumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brodalumab" title="Brodalumab">Brodalumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camidanlumab_tesirine" title="Camidanlumab tesirine">Camidanlumab tesirine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlumab" title="Carlumab">Carlumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cemiplimab" title="Cemiplimab">Cemiplimab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dupilumab" title="Dupilumab">Dupilumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eldelumab" title="Eldelumab">Eldelumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emapalumab" title="Emapalumab">Emapalumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fresolimumab" title="Fresolimumab">Fresolimumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golimumab" title="Golimumab">Golimumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ianalumab" title="Ianalumab">Ianalumab</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanadelumab" title="Lanadelumab">Lanadelumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lenzilumab" title="Lenzilumab">Lenzilumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lerdelimumab" title="Lerdelimumab">Lerdelimumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lirentelimab" title="Lirentelimab">Lirentelimab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lirilumab" title="Lirilumab">Lirilumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mavrilimumab" title="Mavrilimumab">Mavrilimumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metelimumab" title="Metelimumab">Metelimumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morolimumab" title="Morolimumab">Morolimumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namilumab" title="Namilumab">Namilumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleclumab" title="Oleclumab">Oleclumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxelumab" title="Oxelumab">Oxelumab</a>§</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pamrevlumab" title="Pamrevlumab">Pamrevlumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Placulumab" title="Placulumab">Placulumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relatlimab" title="Relatlimab">Relatlimab</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarilumab" title="Sarilumab">Sarilumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sifalimumab" title="Sifalimumab">Sifalimumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabalumab" title="Tabalumab">Tabalumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tezepelumab" title="Tezepelumab">Tezepelumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulocuplumab" title="Ulocuplumab">Ulocuplumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varlilumab" title="Varlilumab">Varlilumab</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Immune activation</i>: <a href="/wiki/Ipilimumab" title="Ipilimumab">Ipilimumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durvalumab" title="Durvalumab">Durvalumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nivolumab" title="Nivolumab">Nivolumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tremelimumab" title="Tremelimumab">Tremelimumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urelumab" title="Urelumab">Urelumab</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Other</i>: <a href="/wiki/Bertilimumab" title="Bertilimumab">Bertilimumab</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ontamalimab&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ontamalimab (page does not exist)">Ontamalimab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zanolimumab" title="Zanolimumab">Zanolimumab</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Combination</i>: <a href="/wiki/Nivolumab/relatlimab" title="Nivolumab/relatlimab">Nivolumab/relatlimab</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Mouse</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afelimomab" title="Afelimomab">Afelimomab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elsilimomab" title="Elsilimomab">Elsilimomab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faralimomab" title="Faralimomab">Faralimomab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gavilimomab" title="Gavilimomab">Gavilimomab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inolimomab" title="Inolimomab">Inolimomab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maslimomab" title="Maslimomab">Maslimomab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nerelimomab" title="Nerelimomab">Nerelimomab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odulimomab" title="Odulimomab">Odulimomab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telimomab_aritox" title="Telimomab aritox">Telimomab aritox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vepalimomab" title="Vepalimomab">Vepalimomab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zolimomab_aritox" title="Zolimomab aritox">Zolimomab aritox</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Chimeric_antibody" class="mw-redirect" title="Chimeric antibody">Chimeric</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andecaliximab" title="Andecaliximab">Andecaliximab</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basiliximab" title="Basiliximab">Basiliximab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clenoliximab" title="Clenoliximab">Clenoliximab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galiximab" title="Galiximab">Galiximab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gomiliximab" class="mw-redirect" title="Gomiliximab">Gomiliximab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infliximab" title="Infliximab">Infliximab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keliximab" title="Keliximab">Keliximab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lumiliximab" title="Lumiliximab">Lumiliximab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priliximab" title="Priliximab">Priliximab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teneliximab" title="Teneliximab">Teneliximab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vapaliximab" title="Vapaliximab">Vapaliximab</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Humanized</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Immunosuppressive:</i> <a href="/wiki/Apolizumab" title="Apolizumab">Apolizumab</a><sup>§</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aselizumab" title="Aselizumab">Aselizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atezolizumab" title="Atezolizumab">Atezolizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benralizumab" title="Benralizumab">Benralizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camrelizumab" title="Camrelizumab">Camrelizumab</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cedelizumab" title="Cedelizumab">Cedelizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Certolizumab_pegol" title="Certolizumab pegol">Certolizumab pegol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crizanlizumab" title="Crizanlizumab">Crizanlizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daclizumab" title="Daclizumab">Daclizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eculizumab" title="Eculizumab">Eculizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Efalizumab" title="Efalizumab">Efalizumab</a><sup>‡</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epratuzumab" title="Epratuzumab">Epratuzumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erlizumab" title="Erlizumab">Erlizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etrolizumab" title="Etrolizumab">Etrolizumab</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fontolizumab" title="Fontolizumab">Fontolizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frexalimab" title="Frexalimab">Frexalimab</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inebilizumab" title="Inebilizumab">Inebilizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itolizumab" title="Itolizumab">Itolizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lampalizumab" title="Lampalizumab">Lampalizumab</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Letolizumab" title="Letolizumab">Letolizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ligelizumab" title="Ligelizumab">Ligelizumab</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lulizumab_pegol" title="Lulizumab pegol">Lulizumab pegol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mepolizumab" title="Mepolizumab">Mepolizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mogamulizumab" title="Mogamulizumab">Mogamulizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natalizumab" title="Natalizumab">Natalizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocrelizumab" title="Ocrelizumab">Ocrelizumab</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ocrelizumab/hyaluronidase" title="Ocrelizumab/hyaluronidase">+hyaluronidase</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omalizumab" title="Omalizumab">Omalizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ozoralizumab" title="Ozoralizumab">Ozoralizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pascolizumab" title="Pascolizumab">Pascolizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pateclizumab" title="Pateclizumab">Pateclizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pembrolizumab" title="Pembrolizumab">Pembrolizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pexelizumab" title="Pexelizumab">Pexelizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pidilizumab" title="Pidilizumab">Pidilizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plozalizumab" title="Plozalizumab">Plozalizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PRO_140" class="mw-redirect" title="PRO 140">PRO 140</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quilizumab" title="Quilizumab">Quilizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravulizumab" title="Ravulizumab">Ravulizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reslizumab" title="Reslizumab">Reslizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retifanlimab" title="Retifanlimab">Retifanlimab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rontalizumab" title="Rontalizumab">Rontalizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rovelizumab" title="Rovelizumab">Rovelizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruplizumab" title="Ruplizumab">Ruplizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samalizumab" title="Samalizumab">Samalizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satralizumab" title="Satralizumab">Satralizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siplizumab" title="Siplizumab">Siplizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spartalizumab" title="Spartalizumab">Spartalizumab</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talizumab" title="Talizumab">Talizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teclistamab" title="Teclistamab">Teclistamab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teplizumab" title="Teplizumab">Teplizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tislelizumab" title="Tislelizumab">Tislelizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tocilizumab" title="Tocilizumab">Tocilizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toralizumab" title="Toralizumab">Toralizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tregalizumab" title="Tregalizumab">Tregalizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatelizumab" title="Vatelizumab">Vatelizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vedolizumab" title="Vedolizumab">Vedolizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visilizumab" title="Visilizumab">Visilizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vobarilizumab" title="Vobarilizumab">Vobarilizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TGN1412" class="mw-redirect" title="TGN1412">TGN1412</a><sup>§</sup><br /></li></ul> <p><i>Immune activation</i>: <a href="/wiki/Dostarlimab" title="Dostarlimab">Dostarlimab</a><br /> <i>Other:</i> <a href="/wiki/Ibalizumab" title="Ibalizumab">Ibalizumab</a> </p> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Chimeric + humanized<br /></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Otelixizumab" title="Otelixizumab">Otelixizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rozanolixizumab" title="Rozanolixizumab">Rozanolixizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sutimlimab" title="Sutimlimab">Sutimlimab</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Interleukin" title="Interleukin">Interleukin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Human</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bermekimab" title="Bermekimab">Bermekimab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazikumab" title="Brazikumab">Brazikumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Briakinumab" title="Briakinumab">Briakinumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canakinumab" title="Canakinumab">Canakinumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fezakinumab" title="Fezakinumab">Fezakinumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fletikumab" title="Fletikumab">Fletikumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guselkumab" title="Guselkumab">Guselkumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secukinumab" title="Secukinumab">Secukinumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sirukumab" title="Sirukumab">Sirukumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tralokinumab" title="Tralokinumab">Tralokinumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ustekinumab" title="Ustekinumab">Ustekinumab</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Humanized</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anrukinzumab" title="Anrukinzumab">Anrukinzumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bimekizumab" title="Bimekizumab">Bimekizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clazakizumab" title="Clazakizumab">Clazakizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gevokizumab" title="Gevokizumab">Gevokizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ixekizumab" title="Ixekizumab">Ixekizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirikizumab" title="Mirikizumab">Mirikizumab</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebrikizumab" title="Lebrikizumab">Lebrikizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olokizumab" title="Olokizumab">Olokizumab</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perakizumab" title="Perakizumab">Perakizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Risankizumab" title="Risankizumab">Risankizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spesolimab" title="Spesolimab">Spesolimab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tildrakizumab" title="Tildrakizumab">Tildrakizumab</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Veterinary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lokivetmab" title="Lokivetmab">Lokivetmab</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%">Inflammatory <a href="/wiki/Lesion" title="Lesion">lesions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Mouse" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Mouse</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Besilesomab" title="Besilesomab">Besilesomab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technetium_(99mTc)_fanolesomab" title="Technetium (99mTc) fanolesomab">Fanolesomab</a><sup>‡</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lemalesomab" title="Lemalesomab">Lemalesomab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technetium_(99mTc)_sulesomab" title="Technetium (99mTc) sulesomab">Sulesomab</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;;background: transparent; padding: 0px;"><div><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><sup>#</sup><a href="/wiki/WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines" title="WHO Model List of Essential Medicines">WHO-EM</a></li> <li><sup>‡</sup><a href="/wiki/List_of_withdrawn_drugs" title="List of withdrawn drugs">Withdrawn</a> from market</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinical_trial" title="Clinical trial">Clinical trials</a>: <ul><li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Phases_of_clinical_research#Phase_III" title="Phases of clinical research">Phase III</a></li> <li><sup>§</sup>Never to phase III</li></ul></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Monoclonal_antibodies_for_infectious_disease_and_toxins" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Monoclonals_for_infectious_disease_and_toxins" title="Template:Monoclonals for infectious disease and toxins"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Monoclonals_for_infectious_disease_and_toxins" title="Template talk:Monoclonals for infectious disease and toxins"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Monoclonals_for_infectious_disease_and_toxins" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Monoclonals for infectious disease and toxins"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Monoclonal_antibodies_for_infectious_disease_and_toxins" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Monoclonal_antibodies" class="mw-redirect" title="Monoclonal antibodies">Monoclonal antibodies</a> for <a href="/wiki/Infectious_disease" class="mw-redirect" title="Infectious disease">infectious disease</a> and <a href="/wiki/Toxin" title="Toxin">toxins</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fungal" class="mw-redirect" title="Fungal">Fungal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Human" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Human</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Efungumab" title="Efungumab">Efungumab</a><sup>†</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Virus" title="Virus">Viral</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Human</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ansuvimab" title="Ansuvimab">Ansuvimab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atoltivimab" title="Atoltivimab">Atoltivimab</a> (<a href="/wiki/Atoltivimab/maftivimab/odesivimab" title="Atoltivimab/maftivimab/odesivimab">+maftivimab/odesivimab</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Avdoralimab&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Avdoralimab (page does not exist)">Avdoralimab</a><sup>§</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bamlanivimab" title="Bamlanivimab">Bamlanivimab</a><sup>†</sup> (<a href="/wiki/Bamlanivimab/etesevimab" title="Bamlanivimab/etesevimab">+etesevimab</a>)<sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bebtelovimab" title="Bebtelovimab">Bebtelovimab</a><sup>§</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casirivimab" class="mw-redirect" title="Casirivimab">Casirivimab</a><sup>†</sup> (<a href="/wiki/Casirivimab/imdevimab" title="Casirivimab/imdevimab">+imdevimab</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cilgavimab" class="mw-redirect" title="Cilgavimab">Cilgavimab</a><sup>†</sup> (<a href="/wiki/Tixagevimab/cilgavimab" title="Tixagevimab/cilgavimab">+tixagevimab</a>)<sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diridavumab" title="Diridavumab">Diridavumab</a><sup>§</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etesevimab" class="mw-redirect" title="Etesevimab">Etesevimab</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exbivirumab" title="Exbivirumab">Exbivirumab</a><sup>§</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foravirumab" title="Foravirumab">Foravirumab</a><sup>§</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imdevimab" class="mw-redirect" title="Imdevimab">Imdevimab</a><sup>†</sup> (<a href="/wiki/Casirivimab/imdevimab" title="Casirivimab/imdevimab">+casirivimab</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libivirumab" title="Libivirumab">Libivirumab</a><sup>§</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maftivimab" title="Maftivimab">Maftivimab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nirsevimab" title="Nirsevimab">Nirsevimab</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odesivimab" title="Odesivimab">Odesivimab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pemivibart" title="Pemivibart">Pemivibart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rafivirumab" title="Rafivirumab">Rafivirumab</a><sup>§</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regavirumab" title="Regavirumab">Regavirumab</a><sup>§</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regdanvimab" title="Regdanvimab">Regdanvimab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sevirumab" title="Sevirumab">Sevirumab</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sotrovimab" title="Sotrovimab">Sotrovimab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suptavumab" title="Suptavumab">Suptavumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tixagevimab" class="mw-redirect" title="Tixagevimab">Tixagevimab</a><sup>†</sup> (<a href="/wiki/Tixagevimab/cilgavimab" title="Tixagevimab/cilgavimab">+cilgavimab</a>)<sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuvirumab" title="Tuvirumab">Tuvirumab</a><sup>§</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chimeric_antibody" class="mw-redirect" title="Chimeric antibody">Chimeric</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ZMapp" title="ZMapp">Cosfroviximab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZMapp" title="ZMapp">Larcaviximab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZMapp" title="ZMapp">Porgaviximab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vilobelimab" title="Vilobelimab">Vilobelimab</a><sup>†</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Humanized</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Felvizumab" title="Felvizumab">Felvizumab</a><sup>§</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lenvervimab" title="Lenvervimab">Lenvervimab</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motavizumab" title="Motavizumab">Motavizumab</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palivizumab" title="Palivizumab">Palivizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suvizumab" title="Suvizumab">Suvizumab</a><sup>§</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bacterial" class="mw-redirect" title="Bacterial">Bacterial</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Human</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nebacumab" title="Nebacumab">Nebacumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panobacumab" title="Panobacumab">Panobacumab</a><sup>§</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raxibacumab" title="Raxibacumab">Raxibacumab</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mouse</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edobacomab" title="Edobacomab">Edobacomab</a><sup>§</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chimeric_antibody" class="mw-redirect" title="Chimeric antibody">Chimeric</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pagibaximab" title="Pagibaximab">Pagibaximab</a><sup>†</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Humanized</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tefibazumab" title="Tefibazumab">Tefibazumab</a><sup>†</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Toxin" title="Toxin">Toxin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Human</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Actoxumab" title="Actoxumab">Actoxumab</a><sup>§</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bezlotoxumab" title="Bezlotoxumab">Bezlotoxumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suvratoxumab" title="Suvratoxumab">Suvratoxumab</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Chimeric</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Obiltoxaximab" title="Obiltoxaximab">Obiltoxaximab</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Humanized</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Urtoxazumab" title="Urtoxazumab">Urtoxazumab</a><sup>§</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><sup>#</sup><a href="/wiki/WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines" title="WHO Model List of Essential Medicines">WHO-EM</a></li> <li><sup>‡</sup><a href="/wiki/List_of_withdrawn_drugs" title="List of withdrawn drugs">Withdrawn</a> from market</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinical_trial" title="Clinical trial">Clinical trials</a>: <ul><li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Phases_of_clinical_research#Phase_III" title="Phases of clinical research">Phase III</a></li> <li><sup>§</sup>Never to phase III</li></ul></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Monoclonal_antibodies_for_tumors" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Monoclonals_for_tumors" title="Template:Monoclonals for tumors"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Monoclonals_for_tumors" title="Template talk:Monoclonals for tumors"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Monoclonals_for_tumors" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Monoclonals for tumors"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Monoclonal_antibodies_for_tumors" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Monoclonal_antibody" title="Monoclonal antibody">Monoclonal antibodies</a> for tumors</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Neoplasm" title="Neoplasm">Tumor</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Human</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adecatumumab" title="Adecatumumab">Adecatumumab</a><sup>§</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amivantamab" title="Amivantamab">Amivantamab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ascrinvacumab" title="Ascrinvacumab">Ascrinvacumab</a><sup>§</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atezolizumab" title="Atezolizumab">Atezolizumab</a> (<a href="/wiki/Atezolizumab/hyaluronidase" title="Atezolizumab/hyaluronidase">+hyaluronidase</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Balstilimab&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Balstilimab (page does not exist)">Balstilimab</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Botensilimab&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Botensilimab (page does not exist)">Botensilimab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cixutumumab" title="Cixutumumab">Cixutumumab</a><sup>§</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conatumumab" title="Conatumumab">Conatumumab</a><sup>§</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daratumumab" title="Daratumumab">Daratumumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drozitumab" title="Drozitumab">Drozitumab</a><sup>§</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duligotumab" class="mw-redirect" title="Duligotumab">Duligotumab</a><sup>§</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dusigitumab" title="Dusigitumab">Dusigitumab</a><sup>§</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enfortumab_vedotin" title="Enfortumab vedotin">Enfortumab vedotin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enoticumab" title="Enoticumab">Enoticumab</a><sup>§</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Figitumumab" title="Figitumumab">Figitumumab</a><sup>§</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flanvotumab" title="Flanvotumab">Flanvotumab</a><sup>§</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganitumab" title="Ganitumab">Ganitumab</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glembatumumab_vedotin" title="Glembatumumab vedotin">Glembatumumab vedotin</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intetumumab" title="Intetumumab">Intetumumab</a><sup>§</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ipilimumab" title="Ipilimumab">Ipilimumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iratumumab" title="Iratumumab">Iratumumab</a><sup>§</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istiratumab" title="Istiratumab">Istiratumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icrucumab" title="Icrucumab">Icrucumab</a><sup>§</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lexatumumab" title="Lexatumumab">Lexatumumab</a><sup>§</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucatumumab" title="Lucatumumab">Lucatumumab</a><sup>§</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mapatumumab" title="Mapatumumab">Mapatumumab</a><sup>§</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narnatumab" title="Narnatumab">Narnatumab</a><sup>§</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Necitumumab" title="Necitumumab">Necitumumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nesvacumab" title="Nesvacumab">Nesvacumab</a><sup>§</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nivolumab" title="Nivolumab">Nivolumab</a><sup>#</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ofatumumab" title="Ofatumumab">Ofatumumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olaratumab" title="Olaratumab">Olaratumab</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panitumumab" title="Panitumumab">Panitumumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patritumab" title="Patritumab">Patritumab</a><sup>§</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pembrolizumab" title="Pembrolizumab">Pembrolizumab</a><sup>#</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pritumumab" title="Pritumumab">Pritumumab</a><sup>§</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radretumab" title="Radretumab">Radretumab</a><sup>§</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramucirumab" title="Ramucirumab">Ramucirumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rilotumumab" title="Rilotumumab">Rilotumumab</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robatumumab" title="Robatumumab">Robatumumab</a><sup>§</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seribantumab" title="Seribantumab">Seribantumab</a><sup>§</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugemalimab" title="Sugemalimab">Sugemalimab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarextumab" title="Tarextumab">Tarextumab</a><sup>§</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tisotumab_vedotin" title="Tisotumab vedotin">Tisotumab vedotin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teprotumumab" title="Teprotumumab">Teprotumumab</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tovetumab" title="Tovetumab">Tovetumab</a><sup>§</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vantictumab" title="Vantictumab">Vantictumab</a><sup>§</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technetium_(99mTc)_votumumab" title="Technetium (99mTc) votumumab">Votumumab</a><sup>§</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zalutumumab" title="Zalutumumab">Zalutumumab</a><sup>†</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mouse</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abagovomab" title="Abagovomab">Abagovomab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indium_(111In)_altumomab_pentetate" title="Indium (111In) altumomab pentetate">Altumomab pentetate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anatumomab_mafenatox" title="Anatumomab mafenatox">Anatumomab mafenatox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technetium_(99mTc)_arcitumomab" title="Technetium (99mTc) arcitumomab">Arcitumomab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bectumomab" title="Bectumomab">Bectumomab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blinatumomab" title="Blinatumomab">Blinatumomab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indium_(111In)_capromab_pendetide" title="Indium (111In) capromab pendetide">Capromab pendetide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Detumomab" title="Detumomab">Detumomab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edrecolomab" title="Edrecolomab">Edrecolomab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibritumomab_tiuxetan" title="Ibritumomab tiuxetan">Ibritumomab tiuxetan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indium_(111In)_igovomab" title="Indium (111In) igovomab">Igovomab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lilotomab" title="Lilotomab">Lilotomab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minretumomab" title="Minretumomab">Minretumomab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitumomab" title="Mitumomab">Mitumomab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nacolomab_tafenatox" title="Nacolomab tafenatox">Nacolomab tafenatox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moxetumomab_pasudotox" title="Moxetumomab pasudotox">Moxetumomab pasudotox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naptumomab_estafenatox" title="Naptumomab estafenatox">Naptumomab estafenatox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oregovomab" title="Oregovomab">Oregovomab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pemtumomab" title="Pemtumomab">Pemtumomab</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racotumomab" title="Racotumomab">Racotumomab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indium_(111In)_satumomab_pendetide" title="Indium (111In) satumomab pendetide">Satumomab pendetide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solitomab" title="Solitomab">Solitomab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taplitumomab_paptox" title="Taplitumomab paptox">Taplitumomab paptox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technetium_(99mTc)_nofetumomab_merpentan" title="Technetium (99mTc) nofetumomab merpentan">Nofetumomab merpentan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technetium_(99mTc)_pintumomab" title="Technetium (99mTc) pintumomab">Pintumomab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenatumomab" title="Tenatumomab">Tenatumomab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tositumomab" title="Tositumomab">Tositumomab</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chimeric_antibody" class="mw-redirect" title="Chimeric antibody">Chimeric</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amatuximab" title="Amatuximab">Amatuximab</a><sup>§</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bavituximab" title="Bavituximab">Bavituximab</a><sup>§</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brentuximab_vedotin" title="Brentuximab vedotin">Brentuximab vedotin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carotuximab" title="Carotuximab">Carotuximab</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cetuximab" title="Cetuximab">Cetuximab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iodine_(131_I)_derlotuximab_biotin" title="Iodine (131 I) derlotuximab biotin">Derlotuximab biotin</a><sup>§</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinutuximab" title="Dinutuximab">Dinutuximab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecromeximab" title="Ecromeximab">Ecromeximab</a><sup>§</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ensituximab" title="Ensituximab">Ensituximab</a><sup>§</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Futuximab" title="Futuximab">Futuximab</a><sup>§</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Girentuximab" title="Girentuximab">Girentuximab</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indatuximab_ravtansine" title="Indatuximab ravtansine">Indatuximab ravtansine</a><sup>§</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isatuximab" title="Isatuximab">Isatuximab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loncastuximab_tesirine" title="Loncastuximab tesirine">Loncastuximab tesirine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margetuximab" title="Margetuximab">Margetuximab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirvetuximab_soravtansine" title="Mirvetuximab soravtansine">Mirvetuximab soravtansine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rituximab" title="Rituximab">Rituximab</a><sup>#</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siltuximab" title="Siltuximab">Siltuximab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ublituximab" title="Ublituximab">Ublituximab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zolbetuximab" title="Zolbetuximab">Zolbetuximab</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Humanized</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abituzumab" title="Abituzumab">Abituzumab</a><sup>§</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alemtuzumab" title="Alemtuzumab">Alemtuzumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axatilimab" title="Axatilimab">Axatilimab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belantamab_mafodotin" title="Belantamab mafodotin">Belantamab mafodotin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bevacizumab" title="Bevacizumab">Bevacizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bivatuzumab_mertansine" title="Bivatuzumab mertansine">Bivatuzumab mertansine</a><sup>§</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brontictuzumab" title="Brontictuzumab">Brontictuzumab</a><sup>§</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantuzumab_mertansine" title="Cantuzumab mertansine">Cantuzumab mertansine</a><sup>§</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantuzumab_ravtansine" title="Cantuzumab ravtansine">Cantuzumab ravtansine</a><sup>§</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cirmtuzumab" title="Cirmtuzumab">Cirmtuzumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citatuzumab_bogatox" title="Citatuzumab bogatox">Citatuzumab bogatox</a><sup>§</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yttrium_(90Y)_clivatuzumab_tetraxetan" title="Yttrium (90Y) clivatuzumab tetraxetan">Clivatuzumab tetraxetan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cofetuzumab_pelidotin" title="Cofetuzumab pelidotin">Cofetuzumab pelidotin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dacetuzumab" title="Dacetuzumab">Dacetuzumab</a><sup>§</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demcizumab" title="Demcizumab">Demcizumab</a><sup>§</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalotuzumab" title="Dalotuzumab">Dalotuzumab</a><sup>§</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denintuzumab_mafodotin" title="Denintuzumab mafodotin">Denintuzumab mafodotin</a><sup>§</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elotuzumab" title="Elotuzumab">Elotuzumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emactuzumab" title="Emactuzumab">Emactuzumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emibetuzumab" title="Emibetuzumab">Emibetuzumab</a><sup>§</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enoblituzumab" title="Enoblituzumab">Enoblituzumab</a><sup>§</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epcoritamab" title="Epcoritamab">Epcoritamab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etaracizumab" title="Etaracizumab">Etaracizumab</a><sup>§</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farletuzumab" title="Farletuzumab">Farletuzumab</a><sup>§</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ficlatuzumab" title="Ficlatuzumab">Ficlatuzumab</a><sup>§</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flotetuzumab" title="Flotetuzumab">Flotetuzumab</a><sup>§</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gemtuzumab_ozogamicin" title="Gemtuzumab ozogamicin">Gemtuzumab ozogamicin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glofitamab" title="Glofitamab">Glofitamab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imgatuzumab" title="Imgatuzumab">Imgatuzumab</a><sup>§</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inotuzumab_ozogamicin" title="Inotuzumab ozogamicin">Inotuzumab ozogamicin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labetuzumab" title="Labetuzumab">Labetuzumab</a><sup>§</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lifastuzumab_vedotin" title="Lifastuzumab vedotin">Lifastuzumab vedotin</a><sup>§</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lintuzumab" title="Lintuzumab">Lintuzumab</a><sup>§</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorvotuzumab_mertansine" title="Lorvotuzumab mertansine">Lorvotuzumab mertansine</a><sup>§</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lumretuzumab" title="Lumretuzumab">Lumretuzumab</a><sup>§</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matuzumab" title="Matuzumab">Matuzumab</a><sup>§</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milatuzumab" title="Milatuzumab">Milatuzumab</a><sup>§</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naxitamab" title="Naxitamab">Naxitamab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nimotuzumab" title="Nimotuzumab">Nimotuzumab</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obinutuzumab" title="Obinutuzumab">Obinutuzumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocaratuzumab" title="Ocaratuzumab">Ocaratuzumab</a><sup>§</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odronextamab" title="Odronextamab">Odronextamab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otlertuzumab" title="Otlertuzumab">Otlertuzumab</a><sup>§</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onartuzumab" title="Onartuzumab">Onartuzumab</a><sup>§</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oportuzumab_monatox" title="Oportuzumab monatox">Oportuzumab monatox</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parsatuzumab" title="Parsatuzumab">Parsatuzumab</a><sup>§</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pertuzumab" title="Pertuzumab">Pertuzumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinatuzumab_vedotin" title="Pinatuzumab vedotin">Pinatuzumab vedotin</a><sup>§</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polatuzumab_vedotin" title="Polatuzumab vedotin">Polatuzumab vedotin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosmantuzumab" title="Rosmantuzumab">Rosmantuzumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rovalpituzumab_tesirine" title="Rovalpituzumab tesirine">Rovalpituzumab tesirine</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacituzumab_govitecan" title="Sacituzumab govitecan">Sacituzumab govitecan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sibrotuzumab" title="Sibrotuzumab">Sibrotuzumab</a><sup>§</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simtuzumab" title="Simtuzumab">Simtuzumab</a><sup>§</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sofituzumab_vedotin" title="Sofituzumab vedotin">Sofituzumab vedotin</a><sup>§</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yttrium_(90Y)_tacatuzumab_tetraxetan" title="Yttrium (90Y) tacatuzumab tetraxetan">Tacatuzumab tetraxetan</a><sup>§</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tigatuzumab" title="Tigatuzumab">Tigatuzumab</a><sup>§</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trastuzumab" title="Trastuzumab">Trastuzumab</a><sup>#</sup> (<a href="/wiki/Trastuzumab_deruxtecan" title="Trastuzumab deruxtecan">+deruxtecan</a> / <a href="/wiki/Trastuzumab_emtansine" title="Trastuzumab emtansine">+emtansine</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tucotuzumab_celmoleukin" title="Tucotuzumab celmoleukin">Tucotuzumab celmoleukin</a><sup>§</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vandortuzumab_vedotin" title="Vandortuzumab vedotin">Vandortuzumab vedotin</a><sup>§</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanucizumab" title="Vanucizumab">Vanucizumab</a><sup>§</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veltuzumab" title="Veltuzumab">Veltuzumab</a><sup>§</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vorsetuzumab_mafodotin" title="Vorsetuzumab mafodotin">Vorsetuzumab mafodotin</a><sup>§</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Trifunctional_antibody" title="Trifunctional antibody">Rat/mouse hybrid</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catumaxomab" title="Catumaxomab">Catumaxomab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ertumaxomab" title="Ertumaxomab">Ertumaxomab</a><sup>§</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Chimeric + humanized</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Depatuxizumab_mafodotin" title="Depatuxizumab mafodotin">Depatuxizumab mafodotin</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duvortuxizumab" title="Duvortuxizumab">Duvortuxizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ontuxizumab" title="Ontuxizumab">Ontuxizumab</a><sup>§</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background: transparent; padding: 0px;"><div><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><sup>#</sup><a href="/wiki/WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines" title="WHO Model List of Essential Medicines">WHO-EM</a></li> <li><sup>‡</sup><a href="/wiki/List_of_withdrawn_drugs" title="List of withdrawn drugs">Withdrawn</a> from market</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinical_trial" title="Clinical trial">Clinical trials</a>: <ul><li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Phases_of_clinical_research#Phase_III" title="Phases of clinical research">Phase III</a></li> <li><sup>§</sup>Never to phase III</li></ul></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output 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