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</nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Pembrolizumab</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pembrolizumab" title="Pembrolizumab – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Pembrolizumab" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B2%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8" title="پمبرولیزومب – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پمبرولیزومب" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pembrolizumab" title="Pembrolizumab – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Pembrolizumab" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%82%A4%ED%8A%B8%EB%A3%A8%EB%8B%A4" title="키트루다 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="키트루다" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pembrolizumab" title="Pembrolizumab – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Pembrolizumab" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%9E%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%96%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%91" title="פמברוליזומאב – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פמברוליזומאב" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B1" title="Пембролизумаб – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Пембролизумаб" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pembrolizumab" title="Pembrolizumab – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Pembrolizumab" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9A%E3%83%A0%E3%83%96%E3%83%AD%E3%83%AA%E3%82%BA%E3%83%9E%E3%83%96" title="ペムブロリズマブ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ペムブロリズマブ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pembrolizumab" title="Pembrolizumab – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Pembrolizumab" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AA%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%AE%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%AC%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%B2%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%9C%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%AE%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%AC" title="ପେମ୍ବ୍ରୋଲିଜୁମାବ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ପେମ୍ବ୍ରୋଲିଜୁମାବ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target">ଓଡ଼ିଆ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pembrolizumab" title="Pembrolizumab – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Pembrolizumab" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pembrolizumabe" title="Pembrolizumabe – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Pembrolizumabe" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pembrolizumab" title="Pembrolizumab – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Pembrolizumab" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a 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mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pembrolizumab" title="Pembrolizumab – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Pembrolizumab" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B1" title="Пембролізумаб – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Пембролізумаб" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pembrolizumab" title="Pembrolizumab – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Pembrolizumab" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="border-spacing:2px;"><caption class="infobox-title">Pembrolizumab</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image notheme" style="background-color: #f8f9fa;"><a href="/wiki/File:Pembrolizumab_5DK3.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Pembrolizumab_5DK3.png/220px-Pembrolizumab_5DK3.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Pembrolizumab_5DK3.png/330px-Pembrolizumab_5DK3.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Pembrolizumab_5DK3.png/440px-Pembrolizumab_5DK3.png 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="2048" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">From <a href="/wiki/Protein_Data_Bank" title="Protein Data Bank">PDB</a> entry <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbe/entry/pdb/5dk3">5dk3</a></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd"><a href="/wiki/Monoclonal_antibody" title="Monoclonal antibody">Monoclonal antibody</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/File:Engineered_monoclonal_antibodies.svg" title="File:Engineered monoclonal antibodies.svg">Type</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Whole antibody</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Monoclonal_antibody#Production" title="Monoclonal antibody">Source</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Humanized" class="mw-redirect" title="Humanized">Humanized</a> (from <a href="/wiki/Mouse" title="Mouse">mouse</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Antigen" title="Antigen">Target</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/PD-1" class="mw-redirect" title="PD-1">PD-1</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd">Clinical data</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Drug_nomenclature#Trade_names" title="Drug nomenclature">Trade names</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Keytruda</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;">Other names</th><td class="infobox-data">MK-3475, lambrolizumab</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/American_Society_of_Health-System_Pharmacists" title="American Society of Health-System Pharmacists">AHFS</a>/<a href="/wiki/Drugs.com" title="Drugs.com">Drugs.com</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.drugs.com/monograph/pembrolizumab.html">Monograph</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/MedlinePlus" title="MedlinePlus">MedlinePlus</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a614048.html">a614048</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Regulation_of_therapeutic_goods" title="Regulation of therapeutic goods">License data</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><abbr class="country-name" title="United States">US</abbr> <a href="/wiki/DailyMed" title="DailyMed">DailyMed</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/search.cfm?labeltype=all&query=Pembrolizumab">Pembrolizumab</a></li></ul></div> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Pregnancy_category" title="Pregnancy category">Pregnancy category</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><abbr class="country-name" title="Australia">AU</abbr>: D<a href="#cite_note-Drugs.com_pregnancy-1">[1]</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Route_of_administration" title="Route of administration">Routes of administration</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Intravenous_therapy" title="Intravenous therapy">Intravenous</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Drug_class" title="Drug class">Drug class</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Antineoplastic_agent" class="mw-redirect" title="Antineoplastic agent">Antineoplastic agent</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Anatomical_Therapeutic_Chemical_Classification_System" title="Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System">ATC code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/ATC_code_L01" title="ATC code L01">L01FF02</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=L01FF02">WHO</a>) </li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd">Legal status</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Regulation_of_therapeutic_goods" title="Regulation of therapeutic goods">Legal status</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><abbr class="country-name" title="Australia">AU</abbr>: <a href="/wiki/Standard_for_the_Uniform_Scheduling_of_Medicines_and_Poisons#Schedule_4" title="Standard for the Uniform Scheduling of Medicines and Poisons">S4</a> (Prescription only)<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a></li> <li><abbr class="country-name" title="Canada">CA</abbr>: <a href="/wiki/Prescription_drug" title="Prescription drug"> ℞-only</a> / Schedule D<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a></li> <li><abbr class="country-name" title="United Kingdom">UK</abbr>: <a href="/wiki/Prescription_drug" title="Prescription drug">POM</a> (Prescription only)<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a></li> <li><abbr class="country-name" title="United States">US</abbr>: <a href="/wiki/Prescription_drug" title="Prescription drug">℞-only</a><a href="#cite_note-Keytruda_label-12">[12]</a></li> <li><abbr class="country-name" title="European Union">EU</abbr>: Rx-only<a href="#cite_note-Keytruda_EPAR-13">[13]</a></li> <li>In general: ℞ (Prescription only)</li></ul></div> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd">Identifiers</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/CAS_Registry_Number" title="CAS Registry Number">CAS Number</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=1374853-91-4">1374853-91-4</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/DrugBank" title="DrugBank">DrugBank</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB09037">DB09037</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/ChemSpider" title="ChemSpider">ChemSpider</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>none</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Unique_Ingredient_Identifier" title="Unique Ingredient Identifier">UNII</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://precision.fda.gov/uniisearch/srs/unii/DPT0O3T46P">DPT0O3T46P</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/KEGG" title="KEGG">KEGG</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kegg.jp/entry/D10574">D10574</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/ChEMBL" title="ChEMBL">ChEMBL</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembldb/index.php/compound/inspect/ChEMBL3137343">ChEMBL3137343</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/ECHA_InfoCard" class="mw-redirect" title="ECHA InfoCard">ECHA InfoCard</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://echa.europa.eu/substance-information/-/substanceinfo/100.234.370">100.234.370</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13896859#P2566" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd">Chemical and physical data</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Chemical_formula" title="Chemical formula">Formula</a></th><td class="infobox-data">C6534H10004N1716O2036S46</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Molar_mass" title="Molar mass">Molar mass</a></th><td class="infobox-data">146648.64 g·mol−1</td></tr></tbody></table> Pembrolizumab, sold under the brand name Keytruda, is a <a href="/wiki/Humanized_antibody" title="Humanized antibody">humanized antibody</a>, more specifically a <a href="/wiki/PD-1_and_PD-L1_inhibitors" title="PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors">PD-1 Inhibitor</a>, used in <a href="/wiki/Cancer_immunotherapy" title="Cancer immunotherapy">cancer immunotherapy</a> that treats <a href="/wiki/Melanoma" title="Melanoma">melanoma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lung_cancer" title="Lung cancer">lung cancer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Head_and_neck_cancer" title="Head and neck cancer">head and neck cancer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hodgkin_lymphoma" title="Hodgkin lymphoma">Hodgkin lymphoma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stomach_cancer" title="Stomach cancer">stomach cancer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cervical_cancer" title="Cervical cancer">cervical cancer</a>, and certain types of <a href="/wiki/Breast_cancer" title="Breast cancer">breast cancer</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Keytruda_label-12">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-AHFS2019-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> It is administered by <a href="/wiki/Intravenous" class="mw-redirect" title="Intravenous">slow intravenous injection</a>.<a href="#cite_note-AHFS2019-15">[15]</a> Common side effects include fatigue, musculoskeletal pain, decreased appetite, itchy skin (pruritus), diarrhea, nausea, rash, fever (pyrexia), cough, difficulty breathing (dyspnea), constipation, pain, and abdominal pain.<a href="#cite_note-FDA_PR_20200629-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-AHFS2019-15">[15]</a> It is an IgG4 isotype antibody that blocks a protective mechanism of cancer cells, allowing the immune system to destroy them. It targets the <a href="/wiki/Programmed_cell_death_protein_1" title="Programmed cell death protein 1">programmed cell death protein 1</a> (PD-1) receptor of lymphocytes.<a href="#cite_note-FDA_PR_20200629-17">[17]</a> Pembrolizumab was approved for medical use in the United States in 2014.<a href="#cite_note-AHFS2019-15">[15]</a> It is on the <a href="/wiki/WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines" title="WHO Model List of Essential Medicines">World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines</a>.<a href="#cite_note-WHO23rd-18">[18]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Medical_uses">Medical uses</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pembrolizumab&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Medical uses">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PD-L1_positive_lung_adenocarcinoma_--_intermed_mag.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/PD-L1_positive_lung_adenocarcinoma_--_intermed_mag.jpg/220px-PD-L1_positive_lung_adenocarcinoma_--_intermed_mag.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/PD-L1_positive_lung_adenocarcinoma_--_intermed_mag.jpg/330px-PD-L1_positive_lung_adenocarcinoma_--_intermed_mag.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/PD-L1_positive_lung_adenocarcinoma_--_intermed_mag.jpg/440px-PD-L1_positive_lung_adenocarcinoma_--_intermed_mag.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="6000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Micrograph" title="Micrograph">Micrograph</a> showing a PD-L1 positive non-small cell lung carcinoma. PD-L1 <a href="/wiki/Immunostain" class="mw-redirect" title="Immunostain">immunostain</a></figcaption></figure> As of 2019<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pembrolizumab&action=edit">[update]</a>, pembrolizumab is used via intravenous infusion to treat inoperable or metastatic <a href="/wiki/Melanoma" title="Melanoma">melanoma</a>, metastatic <a href="/wiki/Non-small_cell_lung_cancer" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-small cell lung cancer">non-small cell lung cancer</a> (NSCLC) in certain situations, as a first-line treatment for metastatic bladder cancer in patients who cannot receive cisplatin-based chemotherapy and have high levels of PD-L1, as a second-line treatment for <a href="/wiki/Head_and_neck_squamous_cell_carcinoma" class="mw-redirect" title="Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma">head and neck squamous cell carcinoma</a> (HNSCC), after <a href="/wiki/Platinum-based_antineoplastic" title="Platinum-based antineoplastic">platinum-based chemotherapy</a>, for the treatment of adult and pediatric patients with refractory classic <a href="/wiki/Hodgkin%27s_lymphoma" class="mw-redirect" title="Hodgkin's lymphoma">Hodgkin's lymphoma</a> (cHL), and recurrent locally advanced or metastatic <a href="/wiki/Esophageal_squamous_cell_carcinoma" class="mw-redirect" title="Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma">esophageal squamous cell carcinoma</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Keytruda_label-12">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-Keytruda_SmPC-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-redman-20">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-Syn_2017-23">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-FDA_PR_20190730-24">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> For non-small cell lung cancer, pembrolizumab is used in combination with chemotherapy (for all <a href="/wiki/PD-L1" title="PD-L1">PD-L1</a>, a PD-1 receptor ligand, levels) or by itself as a first-line treatment if the cancer expresses (≥ 1%) <a href="/wiki/PD-L1" title="PD-L1">PD-L1</a> and the cancer has no mutations in <a href="/wiki/Epidermal_growth_factor_receptor" title="Epidermal growth factor receptor">EGFR</a> or in <a href="/wiki/Anaplastic_lymphoma_kinase" title="Anaplastic lymphoma kinase">ALK</a>; if chemotherapy has already been administered, then pembrolizumab can be used as a second-line treatment, but if the cancer has EGFR or ALK mutations, agents targeting those mutations should be used first.<a href="#cite_note-Keytruda_label-12">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> Assessment of PD-L1 expression must be conducted with a validated and approved <a href="/wiki/Companion_diagnostic" title="Companion diagnostic">companion diagnostic</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Keytruda_label-12">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-Syn_2017-23">[23]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pembrolizumab_results_as_in_Lung_cancer_keynote_studies_KEYNOTE-024_KEYNOTE-042_KEYNOTE-189_KEYNOTE-407.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Pembrolizumab_results_as_in_Lung_cancer_keynote_studies_KEYNOTE-024_KEYNOTE-042_KEYNOTE-189_KEYNOTE-407.jpg/220px-Pembrolizumab_results_as_in_Lung_cancer_keynote_studies_KEYNOTE-024_KEYNOTE-042_KEYNOTE-189_KEYNOTE-407.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Pembrolizumab_results_as_in_Lung_cancer_keynote_studies_KEYNOTE-024_KEYNOTE-042_KEYNOTE-189_KEYNOTE-407.jpg/330px-Pembrolizumab_results_as_in_Lung_cancer_keynote_studies_KEYNOTE-024_KEYNOTE-042_KEYNOTE-189_KEYNOTE-407.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Pembrolizumab_results_as_in_Lung_cancer_keynote_studies_KEYNOTE-024_KEYNOTE-042_KEYNOTE-189_KEYNOTE-407.jpg/440px-Pembrolizumab_results_as_in_Lung_cancer_keynote_studies_KEYNOTE-024_KEYNOTE-042_KEYNOTE-189_KEYNOTE-407.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1020" data-file-height="601" /></a><figcaption>Pembrolizumab (Pembro) use for treatment of Lung cancer in the first line with or without chemotherapy (Chemo). Median overall survival in months (M). Hazard Ratio (HR).<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a></figcaption></figure> In 2017, the US <a href="/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration" title="Food and Drug Administration">Food and Drug Administration</a> approved pembrolizumab for any unresectable or metastatic solid tumor with certain genetic anomalies (<a href="/wiki/Mismatch_repair_cancer_syndrome" title="Mismatch repair cancer syndrome">mismatch repair deficiency</a> or <a href="/wiki/Microsatellite_instability" title="Microsatellite instability">microsatellite instability</a>).<a href="#cite_note-Syn_2017-23">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-FDA2017-05-28">[28]</a> This was the first time the FDA approved a cancer drug based on tumor genetics rather than tissue type or tumor site;[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Identifying_reliable_sources_(medicine)" title="Wikipedia:Identifying reliable sources (medicine)">medical citation needed</a>] therefore, pembrolizumab is a so-called <a href="/wiki/Tissue-agnostic_drug" class="mw-redirect" title="Tissue-agnostic drug">tissue-agnostic drug</a>.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> In the European Union, pembrolizumab is indicated for: <ul><li>the treatment of advanced (unresectable or metastatic) melanoma in adults as monotherapy.<a href="#cite_note-Keytruda_EPAR-13">[13]</a></li> <li>the adjuvant treatment of adults with Stage III melanoma and lymph node involvement who have undergone complete resection as monotherapy.<a href="#cite_note-Keytruda_EPAR-13">[13]</a></li> <li>the first-line treatment of metastatic non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) in adults whose tumors express PD-L1 with a ≥ 50% tumor proportion score (TPS) with no EGFR or ALK positive tumor mutations as monotherapy.<a href="#cite_note-Keytruda_EPAR-13">[13]</a></li> <li>the first-line treatment of metastatic non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer in adults whose tumors have no EGFR or ALK positive mutations in combination with pemetrexed and platinum chemotherapy.<a href="#cite_note-Keytruda_EPAR-13">[13]</a></li> <li>the first-line treatment of metastatic squamous non-small cell lung cancer in adults in combination with <a href="/wiki/Carboplatin" title="Carboplatin">carboplatin</a> and either <a href="/wiki/Paclitaxel" title="Paclitaxel">paclitaxel</a> or nab-paclitaxel.<a href="#cite_note-Keytruda_EPAR-13">[13]</a></li> <li>the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer in adults whose tumors express PD-L1 with a ≥ 1% TPS and who have received at least one prior chemotherapy regimen. People with EGFR or ALK positive tumor mutations should also have received targeted therapy before receiving Keytruda as monotherapy.<a href="#cite_note-Keytruda_EPAR-13">[13]</a></li> <li>the treatment of adults with relapsed or refractory classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) who have failed autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) and brentuximab vedotin (BV), or who are transplant-ineligible and have failed BV as monotherapy.<a href="#cite_note-Keytruda_EPAR-13">[13]</a></li> <li>the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma in adults who have received prior platinum-containing chemotherapy as monotherapy.<a href="#cite_note-Keytruda_EPAR-13">[13]</a></li> <li>the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma in adults who are not eligible for cisplatin-containing chemotherapy and whose tumors express PD L1 with a combined positive score (CPS) ≥ 10 as monotherapy.<a href="#cite_note-Keytruda_EPAR-13">[13]</a></li> <li>the first-line treatment of metastatic or unresectable recurrent head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) in adults whose tumors express PD-L1 with a CPS ≥ 1 as monotherapy or in combination with platinum and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) chemotherapy.<a href="#cite_note-Keytruda_EPAR-13">[13]</a></li> <li>the treatment of recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in adults whose tumors express PD-L1 with a ≥ 50% TPS and progressing on or after platinum-containing chemotherapy as monotherapy.<a href="#cite_note-Keytruda_EPAR-13">[13]</a></li> <li>the first-line treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in adults in combination with axitinib.<a href="#cite_note-Keytruda_EPAR-13">[13]</a></li></ul> In June 2020, the US FDA approved a new indication for pembrolizumab as the first-line treatment for people with unresectable or metastatic microsatellite instability-high (MSI‑H) or mismatch repair deficient (dMMR) colorectal cancer.<a href="#cite_note-FDA_PR_20200629-17">[17]</a> The approval marks the first immunotherapy approved for that population in the US as a first-line treatment and which is administered to people without also giving chemotherapy.<a href="#cite_note-FDA_PR_20200629-17">[17]</a> In March 2021, the US FDA approved pembrolizumab in combination with platinum and <a href="/wiki/Fluoropyrimidine" title="Fluoropyrimidine">fluoropyrimidine</a>-based chemotherapy to treat metastatic or locally advanced esophageal or gastroesophageal (GEJ) (tumors with epicenter 1 to 5 centimeters above the gastroesophageal junction) carcinoma in people who are not candidates for surgical resection or definitive chemoradiation.<a href="#cite_note-FDA_20210322-30">[30]</a> Efficacy was evaluated in KEYNOTE-590 (NCT03189719), a multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled trial that enrolled 749 participants with metastatic or locally advanced esophageal or gastroesophageal junction carcinoma who were not candidates for surgical resection or definitive chemoradiation.<a href="#cite_note-FDA_20210322-30">[30]</a> In May 2021, the US FDA approved pembrolizumab in combination with <a href="/wiki/Trastuzumab" title="Trastuzumab">trastuzumab</a>, fluoropyrimidine- and <a href="/wiki/Platinum-based_antineoplastic" title="Platinum-based antineoplastic">platinum-containing</a> chemotherapy for the first-line treatment of people with locally advanced unresectable or metastatic HER2 positive gastric or gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) adenocarcinoma.<a href="#cite_note-FDA_20210505-31">[31]</a> Approval was based on the prespecified interim analysis of the first 264 participants of the ongoing KEYNOTE-811 (NCT03615326) trial, a multicenter, randomized, double‑blind, placebo‑controlled trial in people with HER2‑positive advanced gastric or gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) adenocarcinoma who had not previously received systemic therapy for metastatic disease.<a href="#cite_note-FDA_20210505-31">[31]</a> In July 2021, the US FDA approved pembrolizumab for high-risk, early-stage, <a href="/wiki/Triple-negative_breast_cancer" title="Triple-negative breast cancer">triple-negative breast cancer</a> (TNBC) in combination with chemotherapy as <a href="/wiki/Neoadjuvant_therapy" title="Neoadjuvant therapy">neoadjuvant treatment</a>, and then continued as a single agent as <a href="/wiki/Adjuvant_therapy" title="Adjuvant therapy">adjuvant treatment</a> after surgery.<a href="#cite_note-FDA_20210727-32">[32]</a> The FDA also granted regular approval to pembrolizumab in combination with chemotherapy for people with locally recurrent unresectable or metastatic TNBC whose tumors express PD-L1 (Combined Positive Score [CPS] ≥ 10) as determined by an FDA-approved test.<a href="#cite_note-FDA_20210727-32">[32]</a> In November 2021, the US FDA approved pembrolizumab for the adjuvant treatment of people twelve years of age and older with stage IIB or IIC melanoma following complete resection.<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> In November 2021, the US FDA approved pembrolizumab for the adjuvant treatment of <a href="/wiki/Renal_cell_carcinoma" title="Renal cell carcinoma">renal cell carcinoma</a> for people at intermediate-high or high risk of recurrence following nephrectomy.<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> Approval was based on KEYNOTE-564, a multicenter, randomized (1:1), double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in 994 patients with intermediate-high or high risk of recurrence of RCC, or M1 no evidence of disease.<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> In March 2022, the US FDA approved pembrolizumab for the treatment of advanced <a href="/wiki/Endometrial_cancer" title="Endometrial cancer">endometrial cancer</a>.<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> In January 2023, the US FDA approved pembrolizumab for adjuvant treatment following resection and platinum-based chemotherapy for stage IB (T2a ≥ 4 cm), II, or IIIA non-small cell lung cancer.<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> In October 2023, the US FDA approved pembrolizumab to be used with gemcitabine and cisplatin for locally advanced unresectable or metastatic biliary tract cancer.<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> In January 2024, the US FDA approved pembrolizumab, in combination with <a href="/wiki/Chemoradiotherapy" title="Chemoradiotherapy">chemoradiotherapy</a> for the treatment of people with <a href="/wiki/FIGO_classification_of_uterine_bleeding" title="FIGO classification of uterine bleeding">FIGO</a> (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics) 2014 Stage III-IVA <a href="/wiki/Cervical_cancer" title="Cervical cancer">cervical cancer</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FDA_20240112-39">[39]</a> In June 2024, the US FDA approved pembrolizumab with carboplatin and paclitaxel, followed by single-agent pembrolizumab, for adults with primary advanced or recurrent <a href="/wiki/Endometrial_carcinoma" class="mw-redirect" title="Endometrial carcinoma">endometrial carcinoma</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FDA_20240617-40">[40]</a> In September 2024, the FDA approved pembrolizumab with pemetrexed and platinum chemotherapy as first-line treatment of unresectable advanced or metastatic malignant pleural mesothelioma.<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Adverse_effects">Adverse effects</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pembrolizumab&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Adverse effects">edit</a>]</div> People have had severe infusion-related reactions to pembrolizumab. There have also been severe immune-related adverse effects including lung inflammation (including fatal cases) and inflammation of endocrine organs that caused <a href="/wiki/Hypophysitis" title="Hypophysitis">inflammation of the pituitary gland</a>, of the <a href="/wiki/Thyroid" title="Thyroid">thyroid</a> (causing both <a href="/wiki/Hypothyroidism" title="Hypothyroidism">hypothyroidism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hyperthyroidism" title="Hyperthyroidism">hyperthyroidism</a> in different people), and pancreatitis that caused <a href="/wiki/Type_1_diabetes" title="Type 1 diabetes">Type 1 diabetes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Diabetic_ketoacidosis" title="Diabetic ketoacidosis">diabetic ketoacidosis</a>; some people have had to go on lifelong hormone therapy as a result (e.g. insulin therapy or thyroid hormones). People have also had <a href="/wiki/Checkpoint_inhibitor_induced_colitis" title="Checkpoint inhibitor induced colitis">colon inflammation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hepatitis" title="Hepatitis">liver inflammation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nephritis" title="Nephritis">kidney inflammation</a> due to the drug.<a href="#cite_note-Keytruda_SmPC-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> The common adverse reactions have been fatigue (24%), rash (19%), itchiness (pruritus) (17%), diarrhea (12%), nausea (11%) and joint pain (arthralgia) (10%).<a href="#cite_note-Keytruda_SmPC-19">[19]</a> Other adverse effects occurring in between 1% and 10% of people taking pembrolizumab have included anemia, decreased appetite, headache, dizziness, distortion of the sense of taste, dry eye, high blood pressure, abdominal pain, constipation, dry mouth, severe skin reactions, vitiligo, various kinds of acne, dry skin, eczema, muscle pain, pain in a limb, arthritis, weakness, edema, fever, chills, myasthenia gravis, and flu-like symptoms.<a href="#cite_note-Keytruda_SmPC-19">[19]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mechanism_of_action">Mechanism of action</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pembrolizumab&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Mechanism of action">edit</a>]</div> Pembrolizumab is a <a href="/wiki/Therapeutic_antibody" class="mw-redirect" title="Therapeutic antibody">therapeutic antibody</a> that binds to and blocks PD-1 located on <a href="/wiki/Lymphocyte" title="Lymphocyte">lymphocytes</a>. This receptor is generally responsible for preventing the immune system from attacking the body's own tissues; it is a so-called <a href="/wiki/Immune_checkpoint" title="Immune checkpoint">immune checkpoint</a>.<a href="#cite_note-PD1rev2010-43">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-TrialWatchrev2015-44">[44]</a> Normally, the <a href="/wiki/Programmed_cell_death_protein_1" title="Programmed cell death protein 1">PD-1</a> receptor on <a href="/wiki/T-cell_activation_RhoGTPase_activating_protein" title="T-cell activation RhoGTPase activating protein">activated</a> <a href="/wiki/T_cell" title="T cell">T-cells</a> binds to the <a href="/wiki/PD-L1" title="PD-L1">PD-L1</a> or PD-L2 <a href="/wiki/Ligand" title="Ligand">ligands</a> present on normal cells in the body, deactivating any potential <a href="/wiki/Cell-mediated_immunity" title="Cell-mediated immunity">cell-mediated</a> immune response against these cells.<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a><a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> Many cancers make proteins such as PD-L1 that also bind to the PD-1 receptor, thus shutting down the ability of the body to kill the cancer.<a href="#cite_note-Syn_2017-23">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-PD1rev2010-43">[43]</a> Pembrolizumab works by inhibiting lymphocytes' PD-1 receptors, blocking the ligands that would deactivate it and prevent an immune response.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Identifying_reliable_sources_(medicine)" title="Wikipedia:Identifying reliable sources (medicine)">medical citation needed</a>] This allows the immune system to target and destroy cancer cells,<a href="#cite_note-Pardoll2012-47">[47]</a> but also blocks a key mechanism preventing the immune system from attacking the body itself. This <a href="/wiki/Checkpoint_inhibitor" title="Checkpoint inhibitor">checkpoint inhibitor</a> function of pembrolizumab thus has immune-dysfunction side effects as a result.<a href="#cite_note-TrialWatchrev2015-44">[44]</a> Tumors often have mutations that cause impaired <a href="/wiki/DNA_mismatch_repair" title="DNA mismatch repair">DNA mismatch repair</a>. This in turn often results in <a href="/wiki/Microsatellite_instability" title="Microsatellite instability">microsatellite instability</a> allowing the tumor to generate numerous mutant proteins that could serve as <a href="/wiki/Tumor_antigen" title="Tumor antigen">tumor antigens</a>, triggering an immune response against the tumor. By preventing the self-checkpoint system from blocking the T-cells,<a href="#cite_note-Syn_2017-23">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-FDAexplainer-48">[48]</a> pembrolizumab appears to facilitate clearance of any such tumor by the immune system. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pharmacology">Pharmacology</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pembrolizumab&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Pharmacology">edit</a>]</div> Since pembrolizumab is cleared from the circulation through non-specific <a href="/wiki/Catabolism" title="Catabolism">catabolism</a>, no metabolic <a href="/wiki/Drug_interactions" class="mw-redirect" title="Drug interactions">drug interactions</a> are expected and no studies were done on routes of elimination.<a href="#cite_note-Keytruda_SmPC-19">[19]</a> The systemic clearance [rate] is about 0.2 L/day and the <a href="/wiki/Terminal_half-life" class="mw-redirect" title="Terminal half-life">terminal half-life</a> is about 25 days.<a href="#cite_note-Keytruda_SmPC-19">[19]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Chemistry_and_manufacturing">Chemistry and manufacturing</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pembrolizumab&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Chemistry and manufacturing">edit</a>]</div> Pembrolizumab is an <a href="/wiki/Immunoglobulin_G4" class="mw-redirect" title="Immunoglobulin G4">immunoglobulin G4</a>, with a variable region against the human PD-1 receptor, a humanized mouse monoclonal [228-L-proline(H10-S>P)]γ4 heavy chain (134-218') disulfide and a humanized mouse monoclonal κ light chain dimer (226-226:229-229)-bisdisulfide.<a href="#cite_note-USAN-49">[49]</a> It is recombinantly manufactured in <a href="/wiki/Chinese_hamster_ovary" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese hamster ovary">Chinese hamster ovary</a> (CHO) cells.<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-Keytruda_EPAR-13">[13]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pembrolizumab&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> Pembrolizumab was invented by scientists at <a href="/wiki/Organon_International" class="mw-redirect" title="Organon International">Organon</a> after which they worked with <a href="/wiki/Medical_Research_Council_Technology" class="mw-redirect" title="Medical Research Council Technology">Medical Research Council Technology</a> (which became LifeArc) starting in 2006, to humanize the antibody; <a href="/wiki/Schering-Plough" title="Schering-Plough">Schering-Plough</a> acquired Organon in 2007, and <a href="/wiki/Merck_%26_Co." title="Merck & Co.">Merck & Co.</a> acquired Schering-Plough two years later.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> Inventors Gregory Carven, Hans van Eenennaam and Gradus Dulos were recognized as Inventors of the Year by the Intellectual Property Owners Education Foundation in 2016.<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> The development program for pembrolizumab was seen as high priority at Organon, but low at Schering and later Merck. In early 2010, Merck terminated development and began preparing to out-license it.<a href="#cite_note-Shaywitz2017-53">[53]</a> Later, in 2010, scientists from <a href="/wiki/Bristol_Myers_Squibb" title="Bristol Myers Squibb">Bristol Myers Squibb</a> published a paper in The New England Journal of Medicine showing that their checkpoint inhibitor, <a href="/wiki/Ipilimumab" title="Ipilimumab">ipilimumab</a> (Yervoy), had shown strong promise in treating metastatic melanoma<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> and that a second Bristol Myers Squibb checkpoint inhibitor, <a href="/wiki/Nivolumab" title="Nivolumab">nivolumab</a> (Opdivo), was also promising.<a href="#cite_note-Shaywitz2017-53">[53]</a> Merck at that time had little commitment or expertise in either oncology or immunotherapy, but understood the opportunity and reacted strongly, reactivating the program and filing its <a href="/wiki/Investigational_New_Drug" title="Investigational New Drug">IND</a> by the end of 2010.<a href="#cite_note-Shaywitz2017-53">[53]</a> As one example, Martin Huber was one of the few senior people at Merck with strong experience in lung cancer drug development, but had been promoted to senior management and was no longer involved in product development. He stepped down from his role to lead clinical development of pembrolizumab for lung cancer.<a href="#cite_note-Shaywitz2017-53">[53]</a> Scientists at the company argued for developing a <a href="/wiki/Companion_diagnostic" title="Companion diagnostic">companion diagnostic</a> and limiting testing of the drug only to patients with <a href="/wiki/Biomarkers" class="mw-redirect" title="Biomarkers">biomarkers</a> showing they were likely to respond, and received agreement from management. Some people, including shareholders and analysts, criticized this decision as it limited the potential market size for the drug, while others argued it increased the chances of proving the drug would work and would make clinical trials faster. (The trials would need fewer patients because of the likelihood of greater effect size.) Moving quickly and reducing the risk of failure was essential for catching up with Bristol-Myers Squibb, which had an approximate five year lead over Merck.<a href="#cite_note-Shaywitz2017-53">[53]</a> The phase I study started in early 2011, and Eric Rubin, who was running the melanoma trial, argued for and was able to win expansion of the trial until it reached around 1300 people. This was the largest phase I study ever run in oncology, with the patients roughly divided between melanoma and lung cancer.<a href="#cite_note-Shaywitz2017-53">[53]</a> In 2013, Merck quietly applied for and won a <a href="/wiki/Breakthrough_therapy" title="Breakthrough therapy">breakthrough therapy</a> designation for the drug. This regulatory pathway was new at the time and not well understood. One of its advantages is that the US FDA holds more frequent meetings with drug developers, reducing the risk of developers of making mistakes or misunderstandings arising from the differences between regulators' expectations and what the developers want to do. This was Merck's first use of the designation and the reduction in regulatory risk was one of the reasons management was willing to put company resources into development.<a href="#cite_note-Shaywitz2017-53">[53]</a> In 2013, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Adopted_Name" title="United States Adopted Name">United States Adopted Name</a> (USAN) name was changed from lambrolizumab to pembrolizumab.<a href="#cite_note-USAN-49">[49]</a> In that year clinical trial results in advanced melanoma were published in <a href="/wiki/The_New_England_Journal_of_Medicine" title="The New England Journal of Medicine">The New England Journal of Medicine</a>.<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> This was part of the large phase I NCT01295827 trial.<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> In September 2014, the US <a href="/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration" title="Food and Drug Administration">Food and Drug Administration</a> approved pembrolizumab under the <a href="/wiki/Fast_track_(FDA)" title="Fast track (FDA)">Fast Track Development Program</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FDA-57">[57]</a> It is approved for use following treatment with <a href="/wiki/Ipilimumab" title="Ipilimumab">ipilimumab</a>, or after treatment with ipilimumab and a <a href="/wiki/BRAF_inhibitor" class="mw-redirect" title="BRAF inhibitor">BRAF inhibitor</a> in advanced <a href="/wiki/Melanoma" title="Melanoma">melanoma</a> patients who carry a <a href="/wiki/BRAF_(gene)" title="BRAF (gene)">BRAF</a> mutation.<a href="#cite_note-FDA20140904-58">[58]</a><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBaroneHazarikaTheoretMishra-Kalyani2017" class="citation journal cs1">Barone A, Hazarika M, Theoret MR, Mishra-Kalyani P, Chen H, He K, et al. (October 2017). "FDA Approval Summary: Pembrolizumab for the Treatment of Patients with Unresectable or Metastatic Melanoma". Clinical Cancer Research. 23 (19): 5661–5665. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1158%2F1078-0432.CCR-16-0664">10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-16-0664</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28179454">28179454</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+Cancer+Research&rft.atitle=FDA+Approval+Summary%3A+Pembrolizumab+for+the+Treatment+of+Patients+with+Unresectable+or+Metastatic+Melanoma&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=19&rft.pages=5661-5665&rft.date=2017-10&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1158%2F1078-0432.CCR-16-0664&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F28179454&rft.aulast=Barone&rft.aufirst=A&rft.au=Hazarika%2C+M&rft.au=Theoret%2C+MR&rft.au=Mishra-Kalyani%2C+P&rft.au=Chen%2C+H&rft.au=He%2C+K&rft.au=Sridhara%2C+R&rft.au=Subramaniam%2C+S&rft.au=Pfuma%2C+E&rft.au=Wang%2C+Y&rft.au=Li%2C+H&rft.au=Zhao%2C+H&rft.au=Zirkelbach%2C+JF&rft.au=Keegan%2C+P&rft.au=Pazdur%2C+R&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APembrolizumab" class="Z3988"> As of 2015<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pembrolizumab&action=edit">[update]</a>, the only PD-1/PD-L1 targeting drugs on the market are pembrolizumab and nivolumab.<a href="#cite_note-NYT-20150529-59">[59]</a> By April 2016, Merck applied for approval to market the drug in Japan and signed an agreement with <a href="/wiki/Taiho_Pharmaceutical" title="Taiho Pharmaceutical">Taiho Pharmaceutical</a> to co-promote it there.<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> In July 2015, pembrolizumab received marketing approval in the European Union.<a href="#cite_note-Keytruda_SmPC-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a><a href="#cite_note-Keytruda_EPAR-13">[13]</a> In October 2015, the US FDA approved pembrolizumab for the treatment of <a href="/wiki/Metastatic" class="mw-redirect" title="Metastatic">metastatic</a> <a href="/wiki/Non-small_cell_lung_cancer" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-small cell lung cancer">non-small cell lung cancer</a> (NSCLC) in people whose tumors express <a href="/wiki/PD-L1" title="PD-L1">PD-L1</a> and who have failed treatment with other <a href="/wiki/Chemotherapeutic" class="mw-redirect" title="Chemotherapeutic">chemotherapeutic</a> agents.<a href="#cite_note-FDA-ucm465444-62">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> In July 2016, the US FDA accepted for <a href="/wiki/Priority_review" title="Priority review">priority review</a> an application for recurrent or metastatic <a href="/wiki/Head_and_neck_squamous_cell_carcinoma" class="mw-redirect" title="Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma">head and neck squamous cell carcinoma</a> (HNSCC) after a platinum-based chemotherapy.<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> They granted <a href="/wiki/Accelerated_approval" class="mw-redirect" title="Accelerated approval">accelerated approval</a> to pembrolizumab as a treatment for patients with recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma ("regardless of PD-L1 staining") following progression on a platinum-based chemotherapy, based on <a href="/wiki/Objective_response_rate" class="mw-redirect" title="Objective response rate">objective response rates</a> (ORR) in the phase Ib KEYNOTE-012 study in August of the same year.<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-HNSCC-AA-67">[67]</a> In October 2016, the US FDA approved pembrolizumab for the treatment of people with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer whose tumors express PD-L1 as determined by an FDA-approved test.<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> In May 2017, pembrolizumab received an accelerated approval from the US FDA for use in any unresectable or metastatic solid tumor with <a href="/wiki/DNA_mismatch_repair#Inherited_defects_in_mismatch_repair" title="DNA mismatch repair">DNA mismatch repair deficiencies</a> or a <a href="/wiki/Microsatellite_instability" title="Microsatellite instability">microsatellite instability-high state</a> (or, in the case of colon cancer, tumors that have progressed following chemotherapy).<a href="#cite_note-FDA_PR_20170523-69">[69]</a> This approval marked the first instance in which the FDA approved marketing of a drug based only on the presence of a genetic mutation, with no limitation on the site of the cancer or the kind of tissue in which it originated.<a href="#cite_note-FDA_PR_20170523-69">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-FDA2017-05-28">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-FDAexplainer-48">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> The approval was based on a clinical trial of 149 patients with microsatellite instability-high or mismatch repair deficient cancers who enrolled on one of five single-arm trials. Ninety patients had colorectal cancer, and 59 patients had one of 14 other cancer types. The objective response rate for all patients was 39.6%. Response rates were similar across all cancer types, including 36% in colorectal cancer and 46% across the other tumor types. Notably, there were 11 complete responses, with the remainder partial responses. Responses lasted for at least six months in 78% of responders.<a href="#cite_note-FDAexplainer-48">[48]</a> Because the clinical trial was fairly small, Merck is obligated to conduct further post-marketing studies to ensure that the results are valid.<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> Pembrolizumab was granted orphan drug designation for small-cell lung cancer in October 2017.<a href="#cite_note-FDA_PR_20190617-72">[72]</a> In June 2018, the US FDA approved pembrolizumab for use in both advanced <a href="/wiki/Cervical_cancer" title="Cervical cancer">cervical cancer</a> for PD-L1 positive patients<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> and for the treatment of adult and pediatric patients with refractory <a href="/wiki/Primary_mediastinal_B-cell_lymphoma" title="Primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma">primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma</a> (PMBCL), or who have relapsed after two or more prior lines of therapy.<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> In August 2018, the US FDA updated the prescribing information for pembrolizumab to require the use of an FDA-approved companion diagnostic test to determine PD-L1 levels in tumor tissue from patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial cancer who are cisplatin-ineligible.<a href="#cite_note-FDA_PR_20180816-75">[75]</a> On 16 August 2018, the FDA approved the Dako PD-L1 IHC 22C3 PharmDx Assay (Dako North America, Inc.) as a companion diagnostic to select patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma who are cisplatin-ineligible for treatment with pembrolizumab.<a href="#cite_note-FDA_PR_20180816-75">[75]</a> The 22C3 assay determines PD-L1 expression by using a combined positive score (CPS) assessing PD-L1 staining in tumor and immune cells.<a href="#cite_note-FDA_PR_20180816-75">[75]</a> As of August 2018<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pembrolizumab&action=edit">[update]</a>, pembrolizumab is indicated for the treatment of those with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma who are not eligible for cisplatin-containing chemotherapy and whose tumors express PD-L1 [Combined Positive Score (CPS) ≥ 10] as determined by an FDA-approved test, or in patients who are not eligible for any platinum-containing chemotherapy regardless of PD-L1 status.<a href="#cite_note-FDA_PR_20180816-75">[75]</a> In November 2018, the US FDA granted accelerated approval to pembrolizumab for those with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who have been previously treated with <a href="/wiki/Sorafenib" title="Sorafenib">sorafenib</a>.<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> In February 2019, the US FDA approved pembrolizumab for the adjuvant treatment of patients with melanoma with involvement of lymph node(s) following complete resection.<a href="#cite_note-FDA_PR_20190215-77">[77]</a> The FDA granted the application <a href="/wiki/Orphan_drug" title="Orphan drug">orphan drug</a> designation.<a href="#cite_note-FDA_PR_20190215-77">[77]</a> In June 2019, the US FDA granted accelerated approval to pembrolizumab for those with <a href="/wiki/Small-cell_carcinoma" title="Small-cell carcinoma">metastatic small cell</a> lung cancer (SCLC) with disease progression on or after platinum-based chemotherapy and at least one other prior line of therapy,<a href="#cite_note-FDA_PR_20190617-72">[72]</a> and the FDA approved pembrolizumab for the first-line treatment of patients with metastatic or unresectable recurrent head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).<a href="#cite_note-FDA_PR_20190610-78">[78]</a> Pembrolizumab was approved for use in combination with platinum and fluorouracil (FU) for all patients and as a single agent for patients whose tumors express PD‑L1 (Combined Positive Score [CPS] ≥ 1) as determined by an FDA‑approved test.<a href="#cite_note-FDA_PR_20190610-78">[78]</a> The FDA also expanded the intended use for the PD-L1 IHC 22C3 pharmDx kit to include use as a companion diagnostic device for selecting patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma for treatment with pembrolizumab as a single agent.<a href="#cite_note-FDA_PR_20190610-78">[78]</a> In July 2019, the US FDA approved pembrolizumab for patients with recurrent, locally advanced or metastatic, squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus (ESCC) whose tumors express PD-L1 (Combined Positive Score [CPS] ≥ 10), as determined by an FDA-approved test, with disease progression after one or more prior lines of systemic therapy.<a href="#cite_note-FDA_PR_20190730-24">[24]</a> The FDA also approved a new use for the PD-L1 IHC 22C3 pharmDx kit as a companion diagnostic device for selecting patients for the above indication.<a href="#cite_note-FDA_PR_20190730-24">[24]</a> In June 2020, the US FDA approved pembrolizumab as monotherapy for the treatment of adults and children with unresectable or metastatic tumor mutational burden-high (TMB-H) [≥ 10 mutations/megabase (mut/Mb)] solid tumors, as determined by an FDA-approved test, that have progressed following prior treatment and who have no satisfactory alternative treatment options.<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> In March 2021, the accelerated approval indication in the US for the treatment of people with metastatic small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) was removed.<a href="#cite_note-Keytruda_label-12">[12]</a> In January 2024, the FDA approved pembrolizumab, in combination with chemoradiotherapy, for people with FIGO 2014 Stage III-IVA cervical cancer.<a href="#cite_note-FDA_20240112-39">[39]</a> Efficacy was evaluated in KEYNOTE-A18 (NCT04221945), a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial enrolling 1060 participants with cervical cancer who had not previously received definitive surgery, radiation, or systemic therapy.<a href="#cite_note-FDA_20240112-39">[39]</a> The trial included 596 participants with FIGO 2014 Stage III-IVA disease and 462 participants with FIGO 2014 Stage IB2-IIB, node-positive disease.<a href="#cite_note-FDA_20240112-39">[39]</a> In June 2024, the US FDA approved pembrolizumab with carboplatin and paclitaxel, followed by single-agent pembrolizumab, for adults with primary advanced or recurrent endometrial carcinoma.<a href="#cite_note-FDA_20240617-40">[40]</a> Efficacy was evaluated in KEYNOTE-868/NRG-GY018 (NCT03914612), a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial enrolling 810 participants with advanced or recurrent endometrial carcinoma.<a href="#cite_note-FDA_20240617-40">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> The trial included two separate cohorts based on mismatch repair status: 222 participants in the mismatch repair deficient cohort, and 588 participants in the mismatch repair proficient cohort.<a href="#cite_note-FDA_20240617-40">[40]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Society_and_culture">Society and culture</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pembrolizumab&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Society and culture">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Economics">Economics</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pembrolizumab&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Economics">edit</a>]</div> Pembrolizumab was priced at US$150,000 per year when it launched in 2014.<a href="#cite_note-Fierce-81">[81]</a> It was added to the <a href="/wiki/Cancer_Drugs_Fund" title="Cancer Drugs Fund">Cancer Drugs Fund</a> list of <a href="/wiki/NHS_England" title="NHS England">NHS England</a> in November 2022, after a "confidential" deal with manufacturer <a href="/wiki/Merck_%26_Co." title="Merck & Co.">Merck Sharp and Dohme</a>.<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a><a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a><a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Research">Research</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pembrolizumab&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Research">edit</a>]</div> In 2015, <a href="/wiki/Merck_%26_Co." title="Merck & Co.">Merck</a> reported results in thirteen cancer types; much attention was given to early results in <a href="/wiki/Head_and_neck_cancer" title="Head and neck cancer">head and neck cancer</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Syn_2017-23">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a><a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> As of May 2016<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pembrolizumab&action=edit">[update]</a>, pembrolizumab was in phase IB clinical trials for <a href="/wiki/Triple-negative_breast_cancer" title="Triple-negative breast cancer">triple-negative breast cancer</a> (TNBC), <a href="/wiki/Gastric_cancer" class="mw-redirect" title="Gastric cancer">gastric cancer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Urothelial_cancer" class="mw-redirect" title="Urothelial cancer">urothelial cancer</a>, and head and neck cancer (all under the "Keynote-012" trial) and in phase II trial for TNBC (the "Keynote-086" trial).<a href="#cite_note-Key012-2016-05-87">[87]</a> At ASCO, in June 2016, Merck reported that the clinical development program was directed to around 30 cancers and that it was running over 270 clinical trials (around 100 in combination with other treatments) and had four registration-enabling studies in process.<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> Results of a phase III clinical trial in <a href="/wiki/Triple-negative_breast_cancer" title="Triple-negative breast cancer">triple-negative breast cancer</a> were reported in October 2019.<a href="#cite_note-Schmid2019-89">[89]</a> Results of a phase II clinical trial in <a href="/wiki/Merkel-cell_carcinoma" title="Merkel-cell carcinoma">Merkel-cell carcinoma</a> were reported in June 2016.<a href="#cite_note-Nghiem2016-90">[90]</a> Results of a clinical trial in people with untreatable metastases arising from various solid tumors were reported in 2017.<a href="#cite_note-Le2017-91">[91]</a> A clinical phase III trial in combination with <a href="/wiki/Epacadostat" title="Epacadostat">epacadostat</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Indoleamine_2,3-dioxygenase" title="Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase">Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase</a> <a href="/wiki/IDO_inhibitor" class="mw-redirect" title="IDO inhibitor">(IDO1) inhibitor</a> to treat melanoma was completed in 2019.<a href="#cite_note-Syn_2017-23">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a> In 2021, researchers reported the results of a five-year follow-up study.<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> In January 2022, a combination clinical trial of pembrolizumab and <a href="/wiki/NL-201" title="NL-201">NL-201</a>, a de novo protein undergoing a phase I clinical trial in people with advanced, relapsed or refractory solid tumors.<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> In March 2023, Merck reported the results of NRG-GY018, a phase III clinical trial in people with stage three to four or <a href="/wiki/Endometrial_cancer" title="Endometrial cancer">recurrent endometrial carcinoma</a>.<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a><a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a> In 2022, <a href="/wiki/MRNA-4157/V940" title="MRNA-4157/V940">mRNA-4157/V940</a> drug candidate, a <a href="/wiki/Cancer_vaccine" title="Cancer vaccine">cancer vaccine</a>, was studied alongside pembrolizumab for treatment of skin and pancreatic cancers. mRNA-4157/V940 went on to be granted <a href="/wiki/Breakthrough_therapy" title="Breakthrough therapy">breakthrough therapy</a> designation by the FDA.<a href="#cite_note-natmed1-97">[97]</a><a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pembrolizumab&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Drugs.com_pregnancy-1"><a href="#cite_ref-Drugs.com_pregnancy_1-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.drugs.com/pregnancy/pembrolizumab.html">"Pembrolizumab (Keytruda) Use During Pregnancy"</a>. Drugs.com. 24 September 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200614052722/https://www.drugs.com/pregnancy/pembrolizumab.html">Archived</a> from the original on 14 June 2020. Retrieved 10 January 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Drugs.com&rft.atitle=Pembrolizumab+%28Keytruda%29+Use+During+Pregnancy&rft.date=2019-09-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugs.com%2Fpregnancy%2Fpembrolizumab.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APembrolizumab" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221122020756/https://www.tga.gov.au/resources/prescription-medicines-registrations/keytruda-merck-sharp-dohme-australia-pty-ltd-5">"Keytruda, Microsatellite instability-high cancer"</a>. Department of Health and Aged Care, Commonwealth of Australia. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tga.gov.au/resources/prescription-medicines-registrations/keytruda-merck-sharp-dohme-australia-pty-ltd-5">the original</a> on 22 November 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Keytruda%2C+Microsatellite+instability-high+cancer&rft.pub=Department+of+Health+and+Aged+Care%2C+Commonwealth+of+Australia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tga.gov.au%2Fresources%2Fprescription-medicines-registrations%2Fkeytruda-merck-sharp-dohme-australia-pty-ltd-5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APembrolizumab" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221122020756/https://www.tga.gov.au/resources/prescription-medicines-registrations/keytruda-merck-sharp-dohme-australia-pty-ltd-15">"Keytruda, Oesophageal Cancer"</a>. Department of Health and Aged Care, Commonwealth of Australia. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tga.gov.au/resources/prescription-medicines-registrations/keytruda-merck-sharp-dohme-australia-pty-ltd-15">the original</a> on 22 November 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Keytruda%2C+Oesophageal+Cancer&rft.pub=Department+of+Health+and+Aged+Care%2C+Commonwealth+of+Australia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tga.gov.au%2Fresources%2Fprescription-medicines-registrations%2Fkeytruda-merck-sharp-dohme-australia-pty-ltd-15&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APembrolizumab" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tga.gov.au/resources/prescription-medicines-registrations/keytruda-merck-sharp-dohme-australia-pty-ltd-23">"Keytruda (pembrolizumab) is indicated for the adjuvant treatment of adult and adolescent (12 years and older) patients with Stage IIB, IIC, or III melanoma who have undergone complete resection"</a>. 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Retrieved 31 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Therapeutic+Goods+Administration+%28TGA%29&rft.atitle=Prescription+medicines+and+biologicals%3A+TGA+annual+summary+2017&rft.date=2022-06-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tga.gov.au%2Fresources%2Fpublication%2Fpublications%2Fprescription-medicines-and-biologicals-tga-annual-summary-2017&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APembrolizumab" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tga.gov.au/resources/prescription-medicines-registrations/keytruda-merck-sharp-dohme-australia-pty-ltd-26">"KEYTRUDA (Merck Sharp & Dohme (Australia) Pty Ltd) - 26"</a>. 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Retrieved 7 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Health+Canada&rft.atitle=Health+Canada+New+Drug+Authorizations%3A+2015+Highlights&rft.date=2016-05-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.canada.ca%2Fen%2Fhealth-canada%2Fservices%2Fpublications%2Fdrugs-health-products%2Fhealth-canada-new-drug-authorizations-2015-highlights.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APembrolizumab" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171213010050/https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/medicine/30602">"Keytruda 50 mg powder for concentrate for solution for infusion - Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC)"</a>. (emc). 7 April 2020. 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Retrieved 22 March 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=FDA+approves+pembrolizumab+for+esophageal+or+GEJ+carcinoma&rft.pub=U.S.+Food+and+Drug+Administration&rft.date=2021-03-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fda.gov%2Fdrugs%2Fresources-information-approved-drugs%2Ffda-approves-pembrolizumab-esophageal-or-gej-carcinoma&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APembrolizumab" class="Z3988"> <img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /> This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FDA_20210505-31">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FDA_20210505_31-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FDA_20210505_31-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fda.gov/drugs/drug-approvals-and-databases/fda-grants-accelerated-approval-pembrolizumab-her2-positive-gastric-cancer">"FDA grants accelerated approval to pembrolizumab for HER2-positive gastric cancer"</a>. 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Retrieved 27 July 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=FDA+approves+pembrolizumab+for+high-risk+early-stage+triple-negative+b&rft.pub=U.S.+Food+and+Drug+Administration&rft.date=2021-07-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fda.gov%2Fdrugs%2Fresources-information-approved-drugs%2Ffda-approves-pembrolizumab-high-risk-early-stage-triple-negative-breast-cancer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APembrolizumab" class="Z3988"> <img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /> This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fda.gov/drugs/resources-information-approved-drugs/fda-approves-pembrolizumab-adjuvant-treatment-stage-iib-or-iic-melanoma">"FDA approves pembrolizumab for adjuvant treatment of Stage IIB or IIC"</a>. 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vaccines&rft.atitle=Evolution+and+Progress+of+mRNA+Vaccines+in+the+Treatment+of+Melanoma%3A+Future+Prospects&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=636&rft.date=2023-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC10057252%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F36992220&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3390%2Fvaccines11030636&rft.aulast=Bafaloukos&rft.aufirst=D&rft.au=Gazouli%2C+I&rft.au=Koutserimpas%2C+C&rft.au=Samonis%2C+G&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.3390%252Fvaccines11030636&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APembrolizumab" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <dl><dt>Attribution</dt></dl> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /> This article incorporates <a href="/wiki/Copyright_status_of_works_by_the_federal_government_of_the_United_States" title="Copyright status of works by the federal government of the United States">public domain material</a> from <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBalaNairLemeryMarcus2017" class="citation cs1">Bala S, Nair A, Lemery S, Marcus L, Goldberg KB, Pazdur R (30 May 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fda.gov/drugs/resources-information-approved-drugs/fda-disco-first-tissuesite-agnostic-approval-transcript">FDA D.I.S.C.O.: First Tissue/Site Agnostic Approval Transcript</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Health_and_Human_Services" title="United States Department of Health and Human Services">United States Department of Health and Human Services</a>. Retrieved 17 June 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=FDA+D.I.S.C.O.%3A+First+Tissue%2FSite+Agnostic+Approval+Transcript&rft.pub=United+States+Department+of+Health+and+Human+Services&rft.date=2017-05-30&rft.aulast=Bala&rft.aufirst=S&rft.au=Nair%2C+A&rft.au=Lemery%2C+S&rft.au=Marcus%2C+L&rft.au=Goldberg%2C+KB&rft.au=Pazdur%2C+R&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fda.gov%2Fdrugs%2Fresources-information-approved-drugs%2Ffda-disco-first-tissuesite-agnostic-approval-transcript&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APembrolizumab" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pembrolizumab&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKangGergichLubinieckide_Alwis2017" class="citation journal cs1">Kang SP, Gergich K, Lubiniecki GM, de Alwis DP, Chen C, Tice MA, et al. (June 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5452070">"Pembrolizumab KEYNOTE-001: an adaptive study leading to accelerated approval for two indications and a companion diagnostic"</a>. Annals of Oncology. 28 (6): 1388–1398. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fannonc%2Fmdx076">10.1093/annonc/mdx076</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5452070">5452070</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30052728">30052728</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+Oncology&rft.atitle=Pembrolizumab+KEYNOTE-001%3A+an+adaptive+study+leading+to+accelerated+approval+for+two+indications+and+a+companion+diagnostic&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=1388-1398&rft.date=2017-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5452070%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F30052728&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fannonc%2Fmdx076&rft.aulast=Kang&rft.aufirst=SP&rft.au=Gergich%2C+K&rft.au=Lubiniecki%2C+GM&rft.au=de+Alwis%2C+DP&rft.au=Chen%2C+C&rft.au=Tice%2C+MA&rft.au=Rubin%2C+EH&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5452070&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APembrolizumab" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pembrolizumab&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?name=Pembrolizumab">Pembrolizumab</a> at the U.S. National Library of Medicine <a href="/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings">Medical Subject Headings</a> (MeSH)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Receptor_tyrosine_kinase" title="Receptor tyrosine kinase">Receptor tyrosine kinase</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ErbB" title="ErbB">ErbB</a>: <a href="/wiki/Epidermal_growth_factor_receptor" title="Epidermal growth factor receptor">HER1/EGFR</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cetuximab" title="Cetuximab">Cetuximab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panitumumab" title="Panitumumab">Panitumumab</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/HER2/neu" class="mw-redirect" title="HER2/neu">HER2/neu</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pertuzumab" title="Pertuzumab">Pertuzumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trastuzumab" title="Trastuzumab">Trastuzumab</a> (<a href="/wiki/Trastuzumab/hyaluronidase" title="Trastuzumab/hyaluronidase">+hyaluronidase</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trastuzumab_emtansine" title="Trastuzumab emtansine">Trastuzumab emtansine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trastuzumab_deruxtecan" title="Trastuzumab deruxtecan">Trastuzumab deruxtecan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zanidatamab" title="Zanidatamab">Zanidatamab</a> )</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others for solid tumors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/EpCAM" class="mw-redirect" title="EpCAM">EpCAM</a> (<a href="/wiki/Catumaxomab" title="Catumaxomab">Catumaxomab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edrecolomab" title="Edrecolomab">Edrecolomab</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vascular_endothelial_growth_factor_A" title="Vascular endothelial growth factor A">VEGF-A</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bevacizumab" title="Bevacizumab">Bevacizumab</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Leukemia" title="Leukemia">Leukemia</a>/<a href="/wiki/Lymphoma" title="Lymphoma">lymphoma</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lymphatic_system" title="Lymphatic system">lymphoid</a>: <a href="/wiki/CD3_(immunology)" title="CD3 (immunology)">CD3</a> (<a href="/wiki/Glofitamab" title="Glofitamab">Glofitamab</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elranatamab" title="Elranatamab">Elranatamab</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mosunetuzumab" title="Mosunetuzumab">Mosunetuzumab</a>), <a href="/wiki/CD20" title="CD20">CD20</a> (<a href="/wiki/Glofitamab" title="Glofitamab">Glofitamab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibritumomab_tiuxetan" title="Ibritumomab tiuxetan">Ibritumomab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mosunetuzumab" title="Mosunetuzumab">Mosunetuzumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obinutuzumab" title="Obinutuzumab">Obinutuzumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ofatumumab" title="Ofatumumab">Ofatumumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rituximab" title="Rituximab">Rituximab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tositumomab" title="Tositumomab">Tositumomab</a>), <a href="/wiki/CD30" title="CD30">CD30</a> (<a href="/wiki/Brentuximab_vedotin" title="Brentuximab vedotin">Brentuximab</a>), <a href="/wiki/CD52" title="CD52">CD52</a> (<a href="/wiki/Alemtuzumab" title="Alemtuzumab">Alemtuzumab</a>)</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Myeloid" class="mw-redirect" title="Myeloid">myeloid</a>: <a href="/wiki/CD33" title="CD33">CD33</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gemtuzumab_ozogamicin" title="Gemtuzumab ozogamicin">Gemtuzumab ozogamicin</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amivantamab" title="Amivantamab">Amivantamab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atezolizumab" title="Atezolizumab">Atezolizumab</a> (<a href="/wiki/Atezolizumab/hyaluronidase" title="Atezolizumab/hyaluronidase">+hyaluronidase</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avelumab" title="Avelumab">Avelumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axatilimab" title="Axatilimab">Axatilimab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belantamab_mafodotin" title="Belantamab mafodotin">Belantamab mafodotin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bermekimab" title="Bermekimab">Bermekimab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blinatumomab" title="Blinatumomab">Blinatumomab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cemiplimab" title="Cemiplimab">Cemiplimab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daratumumab" title="Daratumumab">Daratumumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinutuximab_beta" class="mw-redirect" title="Dinutuximab beta">Dinutuximab beta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dostarlimab" title="Dostarlimab">Dostarlimab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durvalumab" title="Durvalumab">Durvalumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elotuzumab" title="Elotuzumab">Elotuzumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enfortumab_vedotin" title="Enfortumab vedotin">Enfortumab vedotin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epcoritamab" title="Epcoritamab">Epcoritamab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inotuzumab_ozogamicin" title="Inotuzumab ozogamicin">Inotuzumab ozogamicin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ipilimumab" title="Ipilimumab">Ipilimumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isatuximab" title="Isatuximab">Isatuximab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loncastuximab_tesirine" title="Loncastuximab tesirine">Loncastuximab tesirine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirvetuximab_soravtansine" title="Mirvetuximab soravtansine">Mirvetuximab soravtansine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mogamulizumab" title="Mogamulizumab">Mogamulizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moxetumomab_pasudotox" title="Moxetumomab pasudotox">Moxetumomab pasudotox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naxitamab" title="Naxitamab">Naxitamab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Necitumumab" title="Necitumumab">Necitumumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nivolumab" title="Nivolumab">Nivolumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olaratumab" title="Olaratumab">Olaratumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oportuzumab_monatox" title="Oportuzumab monatox">Oportuzumab monatox</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pembrolizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polatuzumab_vedotin" title="Polatuzumab vedotin">Polatuzumab vedotin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prolgolimab&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prolgolimab (page does not exist)">Prolgolimab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramucirumab" title="Ramucirumab">Ramucirumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retifanlimab" title="Retifanlimab">Retifanlimab</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sabatolimab&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sabatolimab (page does not exist)">Sabatolimab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacituzumab_govitecan" title="Sacituzumab govitecan">Sacituzumab govitecan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serplulimab" title="Serplulimab">Serplulimab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugemalimab" title="Sugemalimab">Sugemalimab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tafasitamab" title="Tafasitamab">Tafasitamab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talquetamab" title="Talquetamab">Talquetamab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarlatamab" title="Tarlatamab">Tarlatamab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teclistamab" title="Teclistamab">Teclistamab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tislelizumab" title="Tislelizumab">Tislelizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tisotumab_vedotin" title="Tisotumab vedotin">Tisotumab vedotin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toripalimab" title="Toripalimab">Toripalimab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tremelimumab" title="Tremelimumab">Tremelimumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zolbetuximab" title="Zolbetuximab">Zolbetuximab</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tyrosine_kinase_inhibitor" title="Tyrosine kinase inhibitor">Tyrosine kinase inhibitors</a> ("-nib")</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Receptor_tyrosine_kinase" title="Receptor tyrosine kinase">Receptor tyrosine kinase</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ErbB" title="ErbB">ErbB</a>: <a href="/wiki/Epidermal_growth_factor_receptor" title="Epidermal growth factor receptor">HER1/EGFR</a> (<a href="/wiki/Afatinib" title="Afatinib">Afatinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aumolertinib" title="Aumolertinib">Aumolertinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brigatinib" title="Brigatinib">Brigatinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dacomitinib" title="Dacomitinib">Dacomitinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erlotinib" title="Erlotinib">Erlotinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gefitinib" title="Gefitinib">Gefitinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icotinib" title="Icotinib">Icotinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lazertinib" title="Lazertinib">Lazertinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobocertinib" title="Mobocertinib">Mobocertinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olmutinib" title="Olmutinib">Olmutinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osimertinib" title="Osimertinib">Osimertinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rociletinib" title="Rociletinib">Rociletinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vandetanib" title="Vandetanib">Vandetanib</a>)</li></ul> <ul><li>HER1/EGFR and <a href="/wiki/HER2/neu" class="mw-redirect" title="HER2/neu">HER2/neu</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lapatinib" title="Lapatinib">Lapatinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neratinib" title="Neratinib">Neratinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tucatinib" title="Tucatinib">Tucatinib</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BRAF_(gene)" title="BRAF (gene)">BRAF</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dabrafenib" title="Dabrafenib">Dabrafenib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Encorafenib" title="Encorafenib">Encorafenib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vemurafenib" title="Vemurafenib">Vemurafenib</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RTK_class_III" title="RTK class III">RTK class III</a>: <a href="/wiki/CD117" class="mw-redirect" title="CD117">C-kit</a> and <a href="/wiki/Platelet-derived_growth_factor_receptor" title="Platelet-derived growth factor receptor">PDGFR</a> (<a href="/wiki/Avapritinib" title="Avapritinib">Avapritinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axitinib" title="Axitinib">Axitinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masitinib" title="Masitinib">Masitinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pazopanib" title="Pazopanib">Pazopanib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ripretinib" title="Ripretinib">Ripretinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorafenib" title="Sorafenib">Sorafenib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunitinib" title="Sunitinib">Sunitinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toceranib" title="Toceranib">Toceranib</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD135" title="CD135">FLT3</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lestaurtinib" title="Lestaurtinib">Lestaurtinib</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gilteritinib" title="Gilteritinib">Gilteritinib</a> (AXL, ALK, LTK))</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/VEGF_receptors" class="mw-redirect" title="VEGF receptors">VEGFR</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Axitinib" title="Axitinib">Axitinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cediranib" title="Cediranib">Cediranib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fruquintinib" title="Fruquintinib">Fruquintinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lenvatinib" title="Lenvatinib">Lenvatinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nintedanib" title="Nintedanib">Nintedanib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pazopanib" title="Pazopanib">Pazopanib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regorafenib" title="Regorafenib">Regorafenib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semaxanib" title="Semaxanib">Semaxanib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorafenib" title="Sorafenib">Sorafenib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunitinib" title="Sunitinib">Sunitinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tivozanib" title="Tivozanib">Tivozanib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toceranib" title="Toceranib">Toceranib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vandetanib" title="Vandetanib">Vandetanib</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anaplastic_lymphoma_kinase" title="Anaplastic lymphoma kinase">ALK</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alectinib" title="Alectinib">Alectinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brigatinib" title="Brigatinib">Brigatinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceritinib" title="Ceritinib">Ceritinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crizotinib" title="Crizotinib">Crizotinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorlatinib" title="Lorlatinib">Lorlatinib</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RET_proto-oncogene" title="RET proto-oncogene">RET</a> inhibitors: <a href="/wiki/Entrectinib" title="Entrectinib">Entrectinib</a> (ALK, ROS1, NTRK), <a href="/wiki/Futibatinib" title="Futibatinib">Futibatinib</a> (FGFR2), <a href="/wiki/Infigratinib" title="Infigratinib">Infigratinib</a>, <a href="/wiki/Larotrectinib" title="Larotrectinib">Larotrectinib</a> (NTRK), <a href="/wiki/Pemigatinib" title="Pemigatinib">Pemigatinib</a> (FGFR), <a href="/wiki/Pralsetinib" title="Pralsetinib">Pralsetinib</a>, <a href="/wiki/Repotrectinib" title="Repotrectinib">Repotrectinib</a> (ROS1, TRK, ALK), <a href="/wiki/Selpercatinib" title="Selpercatinib">Selpercatinib</a> (VEGFR, FGFR), <a href="/wiki/Vandetanib" title="Vandetanib">Vandetanib</a> (VEGFR, EGFR).</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/C-Met" class="mw-redirect" title="C-Met">c-MET</a> inhibitors: <a href="/wiki/Cabozantinib" title="Cabozantinib">Cabozantinib</a> (VEGFR), <a href="/wiki/Capmatinib" title="Capmatinib">Capmatinib</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crizotinib" title="Crizotinib">Crizotinib</a> (ALK)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Non-receptor_tyrosine_kinase" title="Non-receptor tyrosine kinase">Non-receptor</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bcr-abl_fusion_protein" class="mw-redirect" title="Bcr-abl fusion protein">bcr-abl</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asciminib" title="Asciminib">Asciminib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosutinib" title="Bosutinib">Bosutinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dasatinib" title="Dasatinib">Dasatinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imatinib" title="Imatinib">Imatinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nilotinib" title="Nilotinib">Nilotinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ponatinib" title="Ponatinib">Ponatinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radotinib" title="Radotinib">Radotinib</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Src_(gene)" class="mw-redirect" title="Src (gene)">Src</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bosutinib" title="Bosutinib">Bosutinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dasatinib" title="Dasatinib">Dasatinib</a>)</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Janus_kinase" title="Janus kinase">Janus kinase</a> (JAK) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baricitinib" title="Baricitinib">Baricitinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fedratinib" title="Fedratinib">Fedratinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filgotinib" title="Filgotinib">Filgotinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lestaurtinib" title="Lestaurtinib">Lestaurtinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Momelotinib" title="Momelotinib">Momelotinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacritinib" title="Pacritinib">Pacritinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruxolitinib" title="Ruxolitinib">Ruxolitinib</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mitogen-activated_protein_kinase_kinase" title="Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase">MAP2K</a> (MEK) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Binimetinib" title="Binimetinib">Binimetinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cobimetinib" title="Cobimetinib">Cobimetinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selumetinib" title="Selumetinib">Selumetinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trametinib" title="Trametinib">Trametinib</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/EML4" title="EML4">EML4</a>-<a href="/wiki/Anaplastic_lymphoma_kinase" title="Anaplastic lymphoma kinase">ALK</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crizotinib" title="Crizotinib">Crizotinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entrectinib" title="Entrectinib">Entrectinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorlatinib" title="Lorlatinib">Lorlatinib</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bruton%27s_tyrosine_kinase" title="Bruton's tyrosine kinase">Bruton's</a> (BTK) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acalabrutinib" title="Acalabrutinib">Acalabrutinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibrutinib" title="Ibrutinib">Ibrutinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orelabrutinib" title="Orelabrutinib">Orelabrutinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirtobrutinib" title="Pirtobrutinib">Pirtobrutinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zanubrutinib" title="Zanubrutinib">Zanubrutinib</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fusion_protein" title="Fusion protein">fusion protein</a> against <a href="/wiki/Vascular_endothelial_growth_factor" title="Vascular endothelial growth factor">VEGF</a> (<a href="/wiki/Aflibercept" title="Aflibercept">Aflibercept</a>)</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proapoptotic" class="mw-redirect" title="Proapoptotic">proapoptotic</a> peptide against <a href="/wiki/ANXA2" class="mw-redirect" title="ANXA2">ANXA2</a> and <a href="/wiki/Prohibitin" title="Prohibitin">prohibitin</a> (<a href="/wiki/Adipotide" class="mw-redirect" title="Adipotide">Adipotide</a>)</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Exotoxin" title="Exotoxin">exotoxin</a> against <a href="/wiki/Interleukin_2" title="Interleukin 2">IL-2</a> (<a href="/wiki/Denileukin_diftitox" title="Denileukin diftitox">Denileukin diftitox</a>)</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MTOR_inhibitor" class="mw-redirect" title="MTOR inhibitor">mTOR inhibitors</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Everolimus" title="Everolimus">Everolimus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ridaforolimus" title="Ridaforolimus">Ridaforolimus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sirolimus" title="Sirolimus">Sirolimus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temsirolimus" title="Temsirolimus">Temsirolimus</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hedgehog_signaling_pathway" title="Hedgehog signaling pathway">hedgehog</a> inhibitors <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glasdegib" title="Glasdegib">Glasdegib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonidegib" title="Sonidegib">Sonidegib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vismodegib" title="Vismodegib">Vismodegib</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CDK_inhibitor" title="CDK inhibitor">CDK inhibitors</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abemaciclib" title="Abemaciclib">Abemaciclib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalpiciclib" title="Dalpiciclib">Dalpiciclib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palbociclib" title="Palbociclib">Palbociclib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ribociclib" title="Ribociclib">Ribociclib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trilaciclib" title="Trilaciclib">Trilaciclib</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KRAS" title="KRAS">KRAS</a> inhibitors <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adagrasib" title="Adagrasib">Adagrasib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sotorasib" title="Sotorasib">Sotorasib</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pi3K_inhibitor" class="mw-redirect" title="Pi3K inhibitor">Pi3K inhibitors</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpelisib" title="Alpelisib">Alpelisib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copanlisib" title="Copanlisib">Copanlisib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duvelisib" title="Duvelisib">Duvelisib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idelalisib" title="Idelalisib">Idelalisib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inavolisib" title="Inavolisib">Inavolisib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parsaclisib" title="Parsaclisib">Parsaclisib</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MEN1" title="MEN1">Menin</a> inhibitors <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Revumenib" title="Revumenib">Revumenib</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fibroblast_growth_factor_receptor" title="Fibroblast growth factor receptor">Fibroblast growth factor receptor</a> (FGFR) inhibitors</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erdafitinib" title="Erdafitinib">Erdafitinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Futibatinib" title="Futibatinib">Futibatinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infigratinib" title="Infigratinib">Infigratinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pemigatinib" title="Pemigatinib">Pemigatinib</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cabozantinib" title="Cabozantinib">Cabozantinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capmatinib" title="Capmatinib">Capmatinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entrectinib" title="Entrectinib">Entrectinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilteritinib" title="Gilteritinib">Gilteritinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larotrectinib" title="Larotrectinib">Larotrectinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lenvatinib" title="Lenvatinib">Lenvatinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masitinib" title="Masitinib">Masitinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midostaurin" title="Midostaurin">Midostaurin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nintedanib" title="Nintedanib">Nintedanib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odronextamab" title="Odronextamab">Odronextamab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pazopanib" title="Pazopanib">Pazopanib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pexidartinib" title="Pexidartinib">Pexidartinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quizartinib" title="Quizartinib">Quizartinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regorafenib" title="Regorafenib">Regorafenib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ripretinib" title="Ripretinib">Ripretinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorafenib" title="Sorafenib">Sorafenib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunitinib" title="Sunitinib">Sunitinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tebentafusp" title="Tebentafusp">Tebentafusp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tepotinib" title="Tepotinib">Tepotinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vandetanib" title="Vandetanib">Vandetanib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venetoclax" title="Venetoclax">Venetoclax</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="PD-1_and_PD-L1_inhibitors" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:PD-1_and_PD-L1_inhibitors" title="Template:PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:PD-1_and_PD-L1_inhibitors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:PD-1_and_PD-L1_inhibitors" title="Special:EditPage/Template:PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="PD-1_and_PD-L1_inhibitors" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/PD-1_and_PD-L1_inhibitors" title="PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors">PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Programmed_cell_death_protein_1" title="Programmed cell death protein 1"><abbr title="Programmed cell death protein 1">PD-1 inhibitors</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Programmed cell death protein 1</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nivolumab" title="Nivolumab">Nivolumab</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pembrolizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cemiplimab" title="Cemiplimab">Cemiplimab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dostarlimab" title="Dostarlimab">Dostarlimab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retifanlimab" title="Retifanlimab">Retifanlimab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toripalimab" title="Toripalimab">Toripalimab</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Programmed_death-ligand_1" class="mw-redirect" title="Programmed death-ligand 1"><abbr title="Programmed death-ligand 1">PD-L1 inhibitors</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Programmed death-ligand 1</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BMS-202" title="BMS-202">BMS-202</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atezolizumab" title="Atezolizumab">Atezolizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avelumab" title="Avelumab">Avelumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durvalumab" title="Durvalumab">Durvalumab</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=KN035&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="KN035 (page does not exist)">KN035</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cosibelimab&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cosibelimab (page does not exist)">Cosibelimab</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=AUNP12&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AUNP12 (page does not exist)">AUNP12</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CA-170&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CA-170 (page does not exist)">CA-170</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=BMS-986189&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BMS-986189 (page does not exist)">BMS-986189</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Monoclonal_antibodies_for_tumors" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Monoclonals_for_tumors" title="Template:Monoclonals for tumors"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Monoclonals_for_tumors" title="Template talk:Monoclonals for tumors"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Monoclonals_for_tumors" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Monoclonals for tumors"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Monoclonal_antibodies_for_tumors" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Monoclonal_antibody" title="Monoclonal antibody">Monoclonal antibodies</a> for tumors</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Neoplasm" title="Neoplasm">Tumor</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Human</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adecatumumab" title="Adecatumumab">Adecatumumab</a>§</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amivantamab" title="Amivantamab">Amivantamab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ascrinvacumab" title="Ascrinvacumab">Ascrinvacumab</a>§</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atezolizumab" title="Atezolizumab">Atezolizumab</a> (<a href="/wiki/Atezolizumab/hyaluronidase" title="Atezolizumab/hyaluronidase">+hyaluronidase</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Balstilimab&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Balstilimab (page does not exist)">Balstilimab</a>†</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Botensilimab&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Botensilimab (page does not exist)">Botensilimab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cixutumumab" title="Cixutumumab">Cixutumumab</a>§</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conatumumab" title="Conatumumab">Conatumumab</a>§</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daratumumab" title="Daratumumab">Daratumumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drozitumab" title="Drozitumab">Drozitumab</a>§</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duligotumab" class="mw-redirect" title="Duligotumab">Duligotumab</a>§</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dusigitumab" title="Dusigitumab">Dusigitumab</a>§</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enfortumab_vedotin" title="Enfortumab vedotin">Enfortumab vedotin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enoticumab" title="Enoticumab">Enoticumab</a>§</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Figitumumab" title="Figitumumab">Figitumumab</a>§</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flanvotumab" title="Flanvotumab">Flanvotumab</a>§</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganitumab" title="Ganitumab">Ganitumab</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glembatumumab_vedotin" title="Glembatumumab vedotin">Glembatumumab vedotin</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intetumumab" title="Intetumumab">Intetumumab</a>§</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ipilimumab" title="Ipilimumab">Ipilimumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iratumumab" title="Iratumumab">Iratumumab</a>§</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istiratumab" title="Istiratumab">Istiratumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icrucumab" title="Icrucumab">Icrucumab</a>§</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lexatumumab" title="Lexatumumab">Lexatumumab</a>§</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucatumumab" title="Lucatumumab">Lucatumumab</a>§</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mapatumumab" title="Mapatumumab">Mapatumumab</a>§</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narnatumab" title="Narnatumab">Narnatumab</a>§</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Necitumumab" title="Necitumumab">Necitumumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nesvacumab" title="Nesvacumab">Nesvacumab</a>§</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nivolumab" title="Nivolumab">Nivolumab</a>#</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ofatumumab" title="Ofatumumab">Ofatumumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olaratumab" title="Olaratumab">Olaratumab</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panitumumab" title="Panitumumab">Panitumumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patritumab" title="Patritumab">Patritumab</a>§</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pembrolizumab</a>#</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pritumumab" title="Pritumumab">Pritumumab</a>§</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radretumab" title="Radretumab">Radretumab</a>§</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramucirumab" title="Ramucirumab">Ramucirumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rilotumumab" title="Rilotumumab">Rilotumumab</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robatumumab" title="Robatumumab">Robatumumab</a>§</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seribantumab" title="Seribantumab">Seribantumab</a>§</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugemalimab" title="Sugemalimab">Sugemalimab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarextumab" title="Tarextumab">Tarextumab</a>§</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tisotumab_vedotin" title="Tisotumab vedotin">Tisotumab vedotin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teprotumumab" title="Teprotumumab">Teprotumumab</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tovetumab" title="Tovetumab">Tovetumab</a>§</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vantictumab" title="Vantictumab">Vantictumab</a>§</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technetium_(99mTc)_votumumab" title="Technetium (99mTc) votumumab">Votumumab</a>§</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zalutumumab" title="Zalutumumab">Zalutumumab</a>†</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mouse</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abagovomab" title="Abagovomab">Abagovomab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indium_(111In)_altumomab_pentetate" title="Indium (111In) altumomab pentetate">Altumomab pentetate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anatumomab_mafenatox" title="Anatumomab mafenatox">Anatumomab mafenatox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technetium_(99mTc)_arcitumomab" title="Technetium (99mTc) arcitumomab">Arcitumomab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bectumomab" title="Bectumomab">Bectumomab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blinatumomab" title="Blinatumomab">Blinatumomab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indium_(111In)_capromab_pendetide" title="Indium (111In) capromab pendetide">Capromab pendetide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Detumomab" title="Detumomab">Detumomab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edrecolomab" title="Edrecolomab">Edrecolomab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibritumomab_tiuxetan" title="Ibritumomab tiuxetan">Ibritumomab tiuxetan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indium_(111In)_igovomab" title="Indium (111In) igovomab">Igovomab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lilotomab" title="Lilotomab">Lilotomab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minretumomab" title="Minretumomab">Minretumomab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitumomab" title="Mitumomab">Mitumomab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nacolomab_tafenatox" title="Nacolomab tafenatox">Nacolomab tafenatox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moxetumomab_pasudotox" title="Moxetumomab pasudotox">Moxetumomab pasudotox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naptumomab_estafenatox" title="Naptumomab estafenatox">Naptumomab estafenatox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oregovomab" title="Oregovomab">Oregovomab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pemtumomab" title="Pemtumomab">Pemtumomab</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racotumomab" title="Racotumomab">Racotumomab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indium_(111In)_satumomab_pendetide" title="Indium (111In) satumomab pendetide">Satumomab pendetide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solitomab" title="Solitomab">Solitomab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taplitumomab_paptox" title="Taplitumomab paptox">Taplitumomab paptox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technetium_(99mTc)_nofetumomab_merpentan" title="Technetium (99mTc) nofetumomab merpentan">Nofetumomab merpentan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technetium_(99mTc)_pintumomab" title="Technetium (99mTc) pintumomab">Pintumomab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenatumomab" title="Tenatumomab">Tenatumomab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tositumomab" title="Tositumomab">Tositumomab</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chimeric_antibody" class="mw-redirect" title="Chimeric antibody">Chimeric</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amatuximab" title="Amatuximab">Amatuximab</a>§</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bavituximab" title="Bavituximab">Bavituximab</a>§</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brentuximab_vedotin" title="Brentuximab vedotin">Brentuximab vedotin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carotuximab" title="Carotuximab">Carotuximab</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cetuximab" title="Cetuximab">Cetuximab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iodine_(131_I)_derlotuximab_biotin" title="Iodine (131 I) derlotuximab biotin">Derlotuximab biotin</a>§</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinutuximab" title="Dinutuximab">Dinutuximab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecromeximab" title="Ecromeximab">Ecromeximab</a>§</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ensituximab" title="Ensituximab">Ensituximab</a>§</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Futuximab" title="Futuximab">Futuximab</a>§</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Girentuximab" title="Girentuximab">Girentuximab</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indatuximab_ravtansine" title="Indatuximab ravtansine">Indatuximab ravtansine</a>§</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isatuximab" title="Isatuximab">Isatuximab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loncastuximab_tesirine" title="Loncastuximab tesirine">Loncastuximab tesirine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margetuximab" title="Margetuximab">Margetuximab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirvetuximab_soravtansine" title="Mirvetuximab soravtansine">Mirvetuximab soravtansine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rituximab" title="Rituximab">Rituximab</a>#</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siltuximab" title="Siltuximab">Siltuximab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ublituximab" title="Ublituximab">Ublituximab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zolbetuximab" title="Zolbetuximab">Zolbetuximab</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Humanized_antibody" title="Humanized antibody">Humanized</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abituzumab" title="Abituzumab">Abituzumab</a>§</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alemtuzumab" title="Alemtuzumab">Alemtuzumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axatilimab" title="Axatilimab">Axatilimab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belantamab_mafodotin" title="Belantamab mafodotin">Belantamab mafodotin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bevacizumab" title="Bevacizumab">Bevacizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bivatuzumab_mertansine" title="Bivatuzumab mertansine">Bivatuzumab mertansine</a>§</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brontictuzumab" title="Brontictuzumab">Brontictuzumab</a>§</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantuzumab_mertansine" title="Cantuzumab mertansine">Cantuzumab mertansine</a>§</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantuzumab_ravtansine" title="Cantuzumab ravtansine">Cantuzumab ravtansine</a>§</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cirmtuzumab" title="Cirmtuzumab">Cirmtuzumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citatuzumab_bogatox" title="Citatuzumab bogatox">Citatuzumab bogatox</a>§</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yttrium_(90Y)_clivatuzumab_tetraxetan" title="Yttrium (90Y) clivatuzumab tetraxetan">Clivatuzumab tetraxetan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cofetuzumab_pelidotin" title="Cofetuzumab pelidotin">Cofetuzumab pelidotin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dacetuzumab" title="Dacetuzumab">Dacetuzumab</a>§</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demcizumab" title="Demcizumab">Demcizumab</a>§</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalotuzumab" title="Dalotuzumab">Dalotuzumab</a>§</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denintuzumab_mafodotin" title="Denintuzumab mafodotin">Denintuzumab mafodotin</a>§</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elotuzumab" title="Elotuzumab">Elotuzumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emactuzumab" title="Emactuzumab">Emactuzumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emibetuzumab" title="Emibetuzumab">Emibetuzumab</a>§</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enoblituzumab" title="Enoblituzumab">Enoblituzumab</a>§</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epcoritamab" title="Epcoritamab">Epcoritamab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etaracizumab" title="Etaracizumab">Etaracizumab</a>§</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farletuzumab" title="Farletuzumab">Farletuzumab</a>§</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ficlatuzumab" title="Ficlatuzumab">Ficlatuzumab</a>§</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flotetuzumab" title="Flotetuzumab">Flotetuzumab</a>§</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gemtuzumab_ozogamicin" title="Gemtuzumab ozogamicin">Gemtuzumab ozogamicin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glofitamab" title="Glofitamab">Glofitamab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imgatuzumab" title="Imgatuzumab">Imgatuzumab</a>§</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inotuzumab_ozogamicin" title="Inotuzumab ozogamicin">Inotuzumab ozogamicin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labetuzumab" title="Labetuzumab">Labetuzumab</a>§</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lifastuzumab_vedotin" title="Lifastuzumab vedotin">Lifastuzumab vedotin</a>§</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lintuzumab" title="Lintuzumab">Lintuzumab</a>§</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorvotuzumab_mertansine" title="Lorvotuzumab mertansine">Lorvotuzumab mertansine</a>§</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lumretuzumab" title="Lumretuzumab">Lumretuzumab</a>§</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matuzumab" title="Matuzumab">Matuzumab</a>§</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milatuzumab" title="Milatuzumab">Milatuzumab</a>§</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naxitamab" title="Naxitamab">Naxitamab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nimotuzumab" title="Nimotuzumab">Nimotuzumab</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obinutuzumab" title="Obinutuzumab">Obinutuzumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocaratuzumab" title="Ocaratuzumab">Ocaratuzumab</a>§</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odronextamab" title="Odronextamab">Odronextamab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otlertuzumab" title="Otlertuzumab">Otlertuzumab</a>§</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onartuzumab" title="Onartuzumab">Onartuzumab</a>§</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oportuzumab_monatox" title="Oportuzumab monatox">Oportuzumab monatox</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parsatuzumab" title="Parsatuzumab">Parsatuzumab</a>§</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pertuzumab" title="Pertuzumab">Pertuzumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinatuzumab_vedotin" title="Pinatuzumab vedotin">Pinatuzumab vedotin</a>§</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polatuzumab_vedotin" title="Polatuzumab vedotin">Polatuzumab vedotin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosmantuzumab" title="Rosmantuzumab">Rosmantuzumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rovalpituzumab_tesirine" title="Rovalpituzumab tesirine">Rovalpituzumab tesirine</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacituzumab_govitecan" title="Sacituzumab govitecan">Sacituzumab govitecan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sibrotuzumab" title="Sibrotuzumab">Sibrotuzumab</a>§</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simtuzumab" title="Simtuzumab">Simtuzumab</a>§</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sofituzumab_vedotin" title="Sofituzumab vedotin">Sofituzumab vedotin</a>§</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yttrium_(90Y)_tacatuzumab_tetraxetan" title="Yttrium (90Y) tacatuzumab tetraxetan">Tacatuzumab tetraxetan</a>§</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tigatuzumab" title="Tigatuzumab">Tigatuzumab</a>§</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trastuzumab" title="Trastuzumab">Trastuzumab</a># (<a href="/wiki/Trastuzumab_deruxtecan" title="Trastuzumab deruxtecan">+deruxtecan</a> / <a href="/wiki/Trastuzumab_emtansine" title="Trastuzumab emtansine">+emtansine</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tucotuzumab_celmoleukin" title="Tucotuzumab celmoleukin">Tucotuzumab celmoleukin</a>§</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vandortuzumab_vedotin" title="Vandortuzumab vedotin">Vandortuzumab vedotin</a>§</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanucizumab" title="Vanucizumab">Vanucizumab</a>§</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veltuzumab" title="Veltuzumab">Veltuzumab</a>§</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vorsetuzumab_mafodotin" title="Vorsetuzumab mafodotin">Vorsetuzumab mafodotin</a>§</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Trifunctional_antibody" title="Trifunctional antibody">Rat/mouse hybrid</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catumaxomab" title="Catumaxomab">Catumaxomab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ertumaxomab" title="Ertumaxomab">Ertumaxomab</a>§</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Chimeric + humanized</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Depatuxizumab_mafodotin" title="Depatuxizumab mafodotin">Depatuxizumab mafodotin</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duvortuxizumab" title="Duvortuxizumab">Duvortuxizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ontuxizumab" title="Ontuxizumab">Ontuxizumab</a>§</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background: transparent; padding: 0px;"><div><div class="hlist"> <ul><li>#<a href="/wiki/WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines" title="WHO Model List of Essential Medicines">WHO-EM</a></li> <li>‡<a href="/wiki/List_of_withdrawn_drugs" title="List of withdrawn drugs">Withdrawn</a> from market</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinical_trial" title="Clinical trial">Clinical trials</a>: <ul><li>†<a href="/wiki/Phases_of_clinical_research#Phase_III" title="Phases of clinical research">Phase III</a></li> <li>§Never to phase III</li></ul></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Monoclonal_antibodies_for_the_immune_system" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Monoclonals_for_immune_system" title="Template:Monoclonals for immune system"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Monoclonals_for_immune_system" title="Template talk:Monoclonals for immune system"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Monoclonals_for_immune_system" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Monoclonals for immune system"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Monoclonal_antibodies_for_the_immune_system" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Monoclonal_antibodies" class="mw-redirect" title="Monoclonal antibodies">Monoclonal antibodies</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Immune_system" title="Immune system">immune system</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Immune_system" title="Immune system">Immune system</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Human</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Immunosuppression" title="Immunosuppression">Immunosuppression</a>: <a href="/wiki/Abrilumab" title="Abrilumab">Abrilumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adalimumab" title="Adalimumab">Adalimumab</a>#</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anifrolumab" title="Anifrolumab">Anifrolumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atorolimumab" title="Atorolimumab">Atorolimumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avelumab" title="Avelumab">Avelumab</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Avdoralimab&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Avdoralimab (page does not exist)">Avdoralimab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belimumab" title="Belimumab">Belimumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bleselumab" title="Bleselumab">Bleselumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brodalumab" title="Brodalumab">Brodalumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camidanlumab_tesirine" title="Camidanlumab tesirine">Camidanlumab tesirine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlumab" title="Carlumab">Carlumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cemiplimab" title="Cemiplimab">Cemiplimab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dupilumab" title="Dupilumab">Dupilumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eldelumab" title="Eldelumab">Eldelumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emapalumab" title="Emapalumab">Emapalumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fresolimumab" title="Fresolimumab">Fresolimumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golimumab" title="Golimumab">Golimumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ianalumab" title="Ianalumab">Ianalumab</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanadelumab" title="Lanadelumab">Lanadelumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lenzilumab" title="Lenzilumab">Lenzilumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lerdelimumab" title="Lerdelimumab">Lerdelimumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lirentelimab" title="Lirentelimab">Lirentelimab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lirilumab" title="Lirilumab">Lirilumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mavrilimumab" title="Mavrilimumab">Mavrilimumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metelimumab" title="Metelimumab">Metelimumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morolimumab" title="Morolimumab">Morolimumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namilumab" title="Namilumab">Namilumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleclumab" title="Oleclumab">Oleclumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxelumab" title="Oxelumab">Oxelumab</a>§</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pamrevlumab" title="Pamrevlumab">Pamrevlumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Placulumab" title="Placulumab">Placulumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relatlimab" title="Relatlimab">Relatlimab</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarilumab" title="Sarilumab">Sarilumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sifalimumab" title="Sifalimumab">Sifalimumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabalumab" title="Tabalumab">Tabalumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tezepelumab" title="Tezepelumab">Tezepelumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulocuplumab" title="Ulocuplumab">Ulocuplumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varlilumab" title="Varlilumab">Varlilumab</a></li></ul> <ul><li>Immune activation: <a href="/wiki/Ipilimumab" title="Ipilimumab">Ipilimumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durvalumab" title="Durvalumab">Durvalumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nivolumab" title="Nivolumab">Nivolumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tremelimumab" title="Tremelimumab">Tremelimumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urelumab" title="Urelumab">Urelumab</a></li></ul> <ul><li>Other: <a href="/wiki/Bertilimumab" title="Bertilimumab">Bertilimumab</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ontamalimab&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ontamalimab (page does not exist)">Ontamalimab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zanolimumab" title="Zanolimumab">Zanolimumab</a></li></ul> <ul><li>Combination: <a href="/wiki/Nivolumab/relatlimab" title="Nivolumab/relatlimab">Nivolumab/relatlimab</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Mouse</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afelimomab" title="Afelimomab">Afelimomab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elsilimomab" title="Elsilimomab">Elsilimomab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faralimomab" title="Faralimomab">Faralimomab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gavilimomab" title="Gavilimomab">Gavilimomab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inolimomab" title="Inolimomab">Inolimomab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maslimomab" title="Maslimomab">Maslimomab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nerelimomab" title="Nerelimomab">Nerelimomab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odulimomab" title="Odulimomab">Odulimomab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telimomab_aritox" title="Telimomab aritox">Telimomab aritox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vepalimomab" title="Vepalimomab">Vepalimomab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zolimomab_aritox" title="Zolimomab aritox">Zolimomab aritox</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Chimeric_antibody" class="mw-redirect" title="Chimeric antibody">Chimeric</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andecaliximab" title="Andecaliximab">Andecaliximab</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basiliximab" title="Basiliximab">Basiliximab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clenoliximab" title="Clenoliximab">Clenoliximab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galiximab" title="Galiximab">Galiximab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gomiliximab" class="mw-redirect" title="Gomiliximab">Gomiliximab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infliximab" title="Infliximab">Infliximab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keliximab" title="Keliximab">Keliximab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lumiliximab" title="Lumiliximab">Lumiliximab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priliximab" title="Priliximab">Priliximab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teneliximab" title="Teneliximab">Teneliximab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vapaliximab" title="Vapaliximab">Vapaliximab</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Humanized_antibody" title="Humanized antibody">Humanized</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Immunosuppressive: <a href="/wiki/Apolizumab" title="Apolizumab">Apolizumab</a>§</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aselizumab" title="Aselizumab">Aselizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atezolizumab" title="Atezolizumab">Atezolizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benralizumab" title="Benralizumab">Benralizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camrelizumab" title="Camrelizumab">Camrelizumab</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cedelizumab" title="Cedelizumab">Cedelizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Certolizumab_pegol" title="Certolizumab pegol">Certolizumab pegol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crizanlizumab" title="Crizanlizumab">Crizanlizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daclizumab" title="Daclizumab">Daclizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eculizumab" title="Eculizumab">Eculizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Efalizumab" title="Efalizumab">Efalizumab</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epratuzumab" title="Epratuzumab">Epratuzumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erlizumab" title="Erlizumab">Erlizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etrolizumab" title="Etrolizumab">Etrolizumab</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fontolizumab" title="Fontolizumab">Fontolizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frexalimab" title="Frexalimab">Frexalimab</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inebilizumab" title="Inebilizumab">Inebilizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itolizumab" title="Itolizumab">Itolizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lampalizumab" title="Lampalizumab">Lampalizumab</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Letolizumab" title="Letolizumab">Letolizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ligelizumab" title="Ligelizumab">Ligelizumab</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lulizumab_pegol" title="Lulizumab pegol">Lulizumab pegol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mepolizumab" title="Mepolizumab">Mepolizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mogamulizumab" title="Mogamulizumab">Mogamulizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natalizumab" title="Natalizumab">Natalizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocrelizumab" title="Ocrelizumab">Ocrelizumab</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ocrelizumab/hyaluronidase" title="Ocrelizumab/hyaluronidase">+hyaluronidase</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omalizumab" title="Omalizumab">Omalizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ozoralizumab" title="Ozoralizumab">Ozoralizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pascolizumab" title="Pascolizumab">Pascolizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pateclizumab" title="Pateclizumab">Pateclizumab</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pembrolizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pexelizumab" title="Pexelizumab">Pexelizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pidilizumab" title="Pidilizumab">Pidilizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plozalizumab" title="Plozalizumab">Plozalizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PRO_140" class="mw-redirect" title="PRO 140">PRO 140</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quilizumab" title="Quilizumab">Quilizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravulizumab" title="Ravulizumab">Ravulizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reslizumab" title="Reslizumab">Reslizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retifanlimab" title="Retifanlimab">Retifanlimab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rontalizumab" title="Rontalizumab">Rontalizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rovelizumab" title="Rovelizumab">Rovelizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruplizumab" title="Ruplizumab">Ruplizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samalizumab" title="Samalizumab">Samalizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satralizumab" title="Satralizumab">Satralizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siplizumab" title="Siplizumab">Siplizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spartalizumab" title="Spartalizumab">Spartalizumab</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talizumab" title="Talizumab">Talizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teclistamab" title="Teclistamab">Teclistamab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teplizumab" title="Teplizumab">Teplizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tislelizumab" title="Tislelizumab">Tislelizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tocilizumab" title="Tocilizumab">Tocilizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toralizumab" title="Toralizumab">Toralizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tregalizumab" title="Tregalizumab">Tregalizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatelizumab" title="Vatelizumab">Vatelizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vedolizumab" title="Vedolizumab">Vedolizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visilizumab" title="Visilizumab">Visilizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vobarilizumab" title="Vobarilizumab">Vobarilizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TGN1412" class="mw-redirect" title="TGN1412">TGN1412</a>§ </li></ul> Immune activation: <a href="/wiki/Dostarlimab" title="Dostarlimab">Dostarlimab</a> Other: <a href="/wiki/Ibalizumab" title="Ibalizumab">Ibalizumab</a> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Chimeric + humanized </th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Otelixizumab" title="Otelixizumab">Otelixizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rozanolixizumab" title="Rozanolixizumab">Rozanolixizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sutimlimab" title="Sutimlimab">Sutimlimab</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Interleukin" title="Interleukin">Interleukin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Human</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bermekimab" title="Bermekimab">Bermekimab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazikumab" title="Brazikumab">Brazikumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Briakinumab" title="Briakinumab">Briakinumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canakinumab" title="Canakinumab">Canakinumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fezakinumab" title="Fezakinumab">Fezakinumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fletikumab" title="Fletikumab">Fletikumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guselkumab" title="Guselkumab">Guselkumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secukinumab" title="Secukinumab">Secukinumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sirukumab" title="Sirukumab">Sirukumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tralokinumab" title="Tralokinumab">Tralokinumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ustekinumab" title="Ustekinumab">Ustekinumab</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Humanized</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anrukinzumab" title="Anrukinzumab">Anrukinzumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bimekizumab" title="Bimekizumab">Bimekizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clazakizumab" title="Clazakizumab">Clazakizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gevokizumab" title="Gevokizumab">Gevokizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ixekizumab" title="Ixekizumab">Ixekizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirikizumab" title="Mirikizumab">Mirikizumab</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebrikizumab" title="Lebrikizumab">Lebrikizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olokizumab" title="Olokizumab">Olokizumab</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perakizumab" title="Perakizumab">Perakizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Risankizumab" title="Risankizumab">Risankizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spesolimab" title="Spesolimab">Spesolimab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tildrakizumab" title="Tildrakizumab">Tildrakizumab</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Veterinary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lokivetmab" title="Lokivetmab">Lokivetmab</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%">Inflammatory <a href="/wiki/Lesion" title="Lesion">lesions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Mouse" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Mouse</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Besilesomab" title="Besilesomab">Besilesomab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technetium_(99mTc)_fanolesomab" title="Technetium (99mTc) fanolesomab">Fanolesomab</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lemalesomab" title="Lemalesomab">Lemalesomab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technetium_(99mTc)_sulesomab" title="Technetium (99mTc) sulesomab">Sulesomab</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;;background: transparent; padding: 0px;"><div><div class="hlist"> <ul><li>#<a href="/wiki/WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines" title="WHO Model List of Essential Medicines">WHO-EM</a></li> <li>‡<a href="/wiki/List_of_withdrawn_drugs" title="List of withdrawn drugs">Withdrawn</a> from market</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinical_trial" title="Clinical trial">Clinical trials</a>: <ul><li>†<a href="/wiki/Phases_of_clinical_research#Phase_III" title="Phases of clinical research">Phase III</a></li> <li>§Never to phase III</li></ul></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output 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