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id="toc-Adverse_effects" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Adverse_effects"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Adverse effects</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Adverse_effects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pharmacology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pharmacology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Pharmacology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pharmacology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Society_and_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Society_and_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Society and culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Society_and_culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Society and culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Society_and_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Marketing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Marketing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Marketing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Marketing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Biosimilars" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biosimilars"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Biosimilars</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Biosimilars-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Availability/affordability" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Availability/affordability"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Availability/affordability</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Availability/affordability-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button 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Available in 29 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-29" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">29 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D9%86%D9%81%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%A8" title="إنفليكسيماب – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إنفليكسيماب" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%A8" title="اینفیلیکسیماب – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="اینفیلیکسیماب" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infliximab" title="Infliximab – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Infliximab" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infliximab" title="Infliximab – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Infliximab" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infliximab" title="Infliximab – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Infliximab" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%99%CE%BD%CF%86%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BE%CE%B9%CE%BC%CE%AC%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%B7" title="Ινφλιξιμάμπη – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ινφλιξιμάμπη" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infliximab" title="Infliximab – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Infliximab" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%A8" title="اینفیلیکسیماب – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اینفیلیکسیماب" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infliximab" title="Infliximab – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Infliximab" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%B8%ED%94%8C%EB%A6%AD%EC%8B%9C%EB%A7%B5" title="인플릭시맵 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="인플릭시맵" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infliksimab" title="Infliksimab – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Infliksimab" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infliximab" title="Infliximab – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Infliximab" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%99%D7%93" title="רמיקייד – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="רמיקייד" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B1" title="Инфликсимаб – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Инфликсимаб" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infliximab" title="Infliximab – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Infliximab" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%83%95%E3%83%AA%E3%82%AD%E3%82%B7%E3%83%9E%E3%83%96" title="インフリキシマブ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="インフリキシマブ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%87%E0%AC%A8%E0%AC%AB%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%B2%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%95%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%B8%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%AE%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%AC" title="ଇନଫ୍ଲିକ୍ସିମାବ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଇନଫ୍ଲିକ୍ସିମାବ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infliksymab" title="Infliksymab – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Infliksymab" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infliximabe" title="Infliximabe – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Infliximabe" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infliximab" title="Infliximab – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Infliximab" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B1" title="Инфликсимаб – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Инфликсимаб" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infliksimab" title="Infliksimab – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Infliksimab" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infliksimab" title="Infliksimab – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Infliksimab" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infliksimab" title="Infliksimab – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Infliksimab" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infliksimabi" title="Infliksimabi – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Infliksimabi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infliximab" title="Infliximab – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Infliximab" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B1" title="Інфліксімаб – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Інфліксімаб" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infliximab" title="Infliximab – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Infliximab" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%A4%AB%E5%88%A9%E8%A5%BF%E5%8D%95%E6%8A%97" title="英夫利西单抗 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="英夫利西单抗" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q415264#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit 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disorders</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="border-spacing:2px;"><caption class="infobox-title"><span title="International nonproprietary name (INN): Infliximab">Infliximab</span></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image notheme" style="background-color: #f8f9fa;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Infliximab_structure2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Infliximab_structure2.jpg/220px-Infliximab_structure2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Infliximab_structure2.jpg/330px-Infliximab_structure2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Infliximab_structure2.jpg/440px-Infliximab_structure2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="663" data-file-height="460" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd"><a href="/wiki/Monoclonal_antibody" title="Monoclonal antibody">Monoclonal antibody</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/File:Engineered_monoclonal_antibodies.svg" title="File:Engineered monoclonal antibodies.svg">Type</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Whole antibody</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Monoclonal_antibody#Production" title="Monoclonal antibody">Source</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Chimeric_antibody" class="mw-redirect" title="Chimeric antibody">Chimeric</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mouse" title="Mouse">mouse</a>/<a href="/wiki/Human" title="Human">human</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Antigen" title="Antigen">Target</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tumor_necrosis_factors" class="mw-redirect" title="Tumor necrosis factors">Tumor necrosis factors</a> (TNF)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd">Clinical data</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Drug_nomenclature#Trade_names" title="Drug nomenclature">Trade names</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Remicade</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Biosimilar" title="Biosimilar">Biosimilars</a></th><td class="infobox-data">infliximab-abda,<sup id="cite_ref-Renflexis_FDA_approval_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Renflexis_FDA_approval-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> infliximab-axxq,<sup id="cite_ref-Avsola_FDA_approval_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Avsola_FDA_approval-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> infliximab-dyyb,<sup id="cite_ref-Inflectra_FDA_approval_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Inflectra_FDA_approval-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> infliximab-qbtx,<sup id="cite_ref-Ixifi_FDA_approval_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ixifi_FDA_approval-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Avsola,<sup id="cite_ref-Avsola_FDA_approval_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Avsola_FDA_approval-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Flixabi,<sup id="cite_ref-Flixabi_EPAR_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Flixabi_EPAR-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Inflectra,<sup id="cite_ref-Inflectra_FDA_approval_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Inflectra_FDA_approval-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CA_2016_Highlights_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CA_2016_Highlights-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ixifi,<sup id="cite_ref-Ixifi_FDA_approval_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ixifi_FDA_approval-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Remsima,<sup id="cite_ref-CA_2016_Highlights_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CA_2016_Highlights-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Renflexis,<sup id="cite_ref-Renflexis_FDA_approval_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Renflexis_FDA_approval-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Zessly, Zymfentra<sup id="cite_ref-Zymfentra_PR_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zymfentra_PR-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/American_Society_of_Health-System_Pharmacists" title="American Society of Health-System Pharmacists">AHFS</a>/<a href="/wiki/Drugs.com" title="Drugs.com">Drugs.com</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="www.drugs.com"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.drugs.com/monograph/infliximab.html">Monograph</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/MedlinePlus" title="MedlinePlus">MedlinePlus</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="medlineplus.gov"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a604023.html">a604023</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Regulation_of_therapeutic_goods" title="Regulation of therapeutic goods">License data</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><small><abbr class="country-name" title="United States">US</abbr></small> <a href="/wiki/DailyMed" title="DailyMed">DailyMed</a>: <span title="dailymed.nlm.nih.gov"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/search.cfm?labeltype=all&query=Infliximab">Infliximab</a></span></li></ul></div> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Pregnancy_category" title="Pregnancy category">Pregnancy<br />category</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><small><abbr class="country-name" title="Australia">AU</abbr>:</small> C<sup id="cite_ref-Drugs.com_pregnancy_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Drugs.com_pregnancy-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Route_of_administration" title="Route of administration">Routes of<br />administration</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Intravenous" class="mw-redirect" title="Intravenous">Intravenous</a>, <a href="/wiki/Subcutaneous_administration" title="Subcutaneous administration">subcutaneous</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Anatomical_Therapeutic_Chemical_Classification_System" title="Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System">ATC code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/ATC_code_L04" title="ATC code L04">L04AB02</a> (<span title="www.whocc.no"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=L04AB02">WHO</a></span>) </li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd">Legal status</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Regulation_of_therapeutic_goods" title="Regulation of therapeutic goods">Legal status</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><small><abbr class="country-name" title="Australia">AU</abbr>:</small> <a href="/wiki/Standard_for_the_Uniform_Scheduling_of_Medicines_and_Poisons#Schedule_4" title="Standard for the Uniform Scheduling of Medicines and Poisons">S4</a> (Prescription only)</li> <li><small><abbr class="country-name" title="Canada">CA</abbr></small>: <a href="/wiki/Prescription_drug" title="Prescription drug"> ℞-only</a> / Schedule D<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CA_2016_Highlights_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CA_2016_Highlights-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><small><abbr class="country-name" title="United Kingdom">UK</abbr>:</small> <a href="/wiki/Prescription_drug" title="Prescription drug">POM</a> (Prescription only)</li> <li><small><abbr class="country-name" title="United States">US</abbr>:</small> <a href="/wiki/Boxed_warning" title="Boxed warning"><span style="border:thin solid black;">WARNING</span></a><sup id="cite_ref-FDA-AllBoxedWarnings_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FDA-AllBoxedWarnings-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>Rx-only<sup id="cite_ref-Remicade_FDA_label_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Remicade_FDA_label-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><small><abbr class="country-name" title="European Union">EU</abbr>:</small> Rx-only<sup id="cite_ref-Remicade_EPAR_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Remicade_EPAR-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Flixabi_EPAR_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Flixabi_EPAR-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Remsima_EPAR_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Remsima_EPAR-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Inflectra_EPAR_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Inflectra_EPAR-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Zessly_EPAR_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zessly_EPAR-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></div> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd"><a href="/wiki/Pharmacokinetics" title="Pharmacokinetics">Pharmacokinetic</a> data</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Bioavailability" title="Bioavailability">Bioavailability</a></th><td class="infobox-data">92% (IV, if 8% left in the syringe)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Drug_metabolism" title="Drug metabolism">Metabolism</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Reticuloendothelial" class="mw-redirect" title="Reticuloendothelial">reticuloendothelial</a> system</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Biological_half-life" title="Biological half-life">Elimination <span class="nowrap">half-life</span></a></th><td class="infobox-data">9.5 days</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd">Identifiers</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/CAS_Registry_Number" title="CAS Registry Number">CAS Number</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="commonchemistry.cas.org"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=170277-31-3">170277-31-3</a></span><sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/DrugBank" title="DrugBank">DrugBank</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="www.drugbank.ca"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB00065">DB00065</a></span><sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/ChemSpider" title="ChemSpider">ChemSpider</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>none</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Unique_Ingredient_Identifier" title="Unique Ingredient Identifier">UNII</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="precision.fda.gov"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://precision.fda.gov/uniisearch/srs/unii/B72HH48FLU">B72HH48FLU</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/KEGG" title="KEGG">KEGG</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="www.kegg.jp"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kegg.jp/entry/D02598">D02598</a></span><sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/ChEMBL" title="ChEMBL">ChEMBL</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="www.ebi.ac.uk"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/explore/compound/ChEMBL1201581">ChEMBL1201581</a></span><sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="☒" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/7px-X_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/11px-X_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/14px-X_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="525" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">N</span></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/CompTox_Chemicals_Dashboard" title="CompTox Chemicals Dashboard">CompTox Dashboard</a> <span style="font-weight:normal">(<abbr title="U.S. Environmental Protection Agency">EPA</abbr>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="comptox.epa.gov"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical/details/DTXSID9040504">DTXSID9040504</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q415264#P3117" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd">Chemical and physical data</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Chemical_formula" title="Chemical formula">Formula</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Carbon">C</span><sub>6428</sub><span title="Hydrogen">H</span><sub>9912</sub><span title="Nitrogen">N</span><sub>1694</sub><span title="Oxygen">O</span><sub>1987</sub><span title="Sulfur">S</span><sub>46</sub></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Molar_mass" title="Molar mass">Molar mass</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7005144190640000000♠"></span>144<span style="margin-left:.25em;">190</span>.64</span> g·mol<sup>−1</sup></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold"> <sup><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="☒" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/7px-X_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/11px-X_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/14px-X_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="525" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">N</span><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Chemicals/Chembox_validation" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Chemicals/Chembox validation">(what is this?)</a></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">  <span class="reflink plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ComparePages&rev1=458271995&page2=Infliximab">(verify)</a></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Infliximab</b>, a chimeric monoclonal antibody, sold under the brand name <b>Remicade</b> among others, is a medication used to treat a number of <a href="/wiki/Autoimmune_diseases" class="mw-redirect" title="Autoimmune diseases">autoimmune diseases</a>. This includes <a href="/wiki/Crohn%27s_disease" title="Crohn's disease">Crohn's disease</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ulcerative_colitis" title="Ulcerative colitis">ulcerative colitis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rheumatoid_arthritis" title="Rheumatoid arthritis">rheumatoid arthritis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ankylosing_spondylitis" title="Ankylosing spondylitis">ankylosing spondylitis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Psoriasis" title="Psoriasis">psoriasis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Psoriatic_arthritis" title="Psoriatic arthritis">psoriatic arthritis</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Beh%C3%A7et%27s_disease" title="Behçet's disease">Behçet's disease</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-AHFS2019_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AHFS2019-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is given by <a href="/wiki/Intravenous_therapy" title="Intravenous therapy">slow injection into a vein</a>, typically at six- to eight-week intervals.<sup id="cite_ref-AHFS2019_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AHFS2019-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Common side effects include infections, <a href="/wiki/Acute_infusion_reaction" class="mw-redirect" title="Acute infusion reaction">acute infusion reactions</a>, and abdominal pain.<sup id="cite_ref-AHFS2019_23-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AHFS2019-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Infliximab is a <a href="/wiki/Chimeric_protein" class="mw-redirect" title="Chimeric protein">chimeric</a> <a href="/wiki/Monoclonal_antibody" title="Monoclonal antibody">monoclonal antibody</a> <a href="/wiki/Biopharmaceutical" title="Biopharmaceutical">biologic</a>. It seems to work by binding to and neutralizing <a href="/wiki/TNF_alpha" class="mw-redirect" title="TNF alpha">TNF-α</a>, preventing it from interacting with its <a href="/wiki/Receptor_(biochemistry)" title="Receptor (biochemistry)">receptors</a> on the cell.<sup id="cite_ref-AHFS2019_23-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AHFS2019-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> TNF-α is a chemical messenger (<a href="/wiki/Cytokine" title="Cytokine">cytokine</a>) and a key part of the autoimmune reaction. </p><p>Infliximab was originally developed in mice as a mouse antibody. Because humans have immune reactions to mouse proteins, the mouse common domains were replaced with similar human antibody domains. They are <a href="/wiki/Monoclonal_antibody" title="Monoclonal antibody">monoclonal antibodies</a> and have identical structures and affinities to the target. Because they are a combination of mouse and human antibody amino acid sequences, they are called a "chimeric monoclonal antibody".<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Identifying_reliable_sources_(medicine)" title="Wikipedia:Identifying reliable sources (medicine)"><span title="Material near this tag needs references to reliable medical sources. (August 2020)">medical citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Infliximab was approved for medical use in the United States in 1998,<sup id="cite_ref-AHFS2019_23-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AHFS2019-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in the European Union in August 1999.<sup id="cite_ref-Remicade_EPAR_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Remicade_EPAR-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Infliximab <a href="/wiki/Biosimilar" title="Biosimilar">biosimilars</a> have been approved in the EU (2013), in Japan (2014), and in the United States (2016, 2017, 2019).<sup id="cite_ref-Renflexis_FDA_approval_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Renflexis_FDA_approval-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ixifi_FDA_approval_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ixifi_FDA_approval-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Avsola_FDA_approval_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Avsola_FDA_approval-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is on the <a href="/wiki/WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines" title="WHO Model List of Essential Medicines">World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-WHO22nd_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WHO22nd-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-3"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Medical_uses">Medical uses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Infliximab&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Medical uses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Crohn's_disease"><span id="Crohn.27s_disease"></span>Crohn's disease</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Infliximab&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Crohn's disease"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Three <a href="/wiki/Phenotype" title="Phenotype">phenotypes</a>, or categories of disease, are present in <a href="/wiki/Crohn%27s_disease" title="Crohn's disease">Crohn's disease</a>: stricturing disease (which causes narrowing of the bowel), penetrating disease (which causes <a href="/wiki/Fistula" title="Fistula">fistulae</a> or abnormal connections of the bowel), and inflammatory disease (which primarily causes <a href="/wiki/Inflammation" title="Inflammation">inflammation</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-phenotypes_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-phenotypes-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Fistulizing_disease">Fistulizing disease</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Infliximab&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Fistulizing disease"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Infliximab was first used for closure of fistulae in Crohn's disease in 1999. In a 94-patient, phase II clinical trial, the researchers showed infliximab was effective in closing fistulae between the <a href="/wiki/Skin" title="Skin">skin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bowel" class="mw-redirect" title="Bowel">bowel</a> in 56–68% of patients.<sup id="cite_ref-Present_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Present-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A large, 296-patient Phase III clinical trial called the ACCENT 2 trial showed infliximab was additionally beneficial in maintaining closure of fistulae, with almost two-thirds of all patients treated with the three initial doses of infliximab having a fistula response after 14 weeks, and 36% of patients maintaining closure of fistulae after a year, compared with 19% who received <a href="/wiki/Placebo" title="Placebo">placebo</a> therapy. This final trial resulted in the FDA approval of the drug to treat fistulizing disease.<sup id="cite_ref-ACCENT2_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ACCENT2-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Inflammatory_disease">Inflammatory disease</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Infliximab&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Inflammatory disease"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Infliximab has been used to induce and maintain remission in inflammatory Crohn's disease. The ACCENT 1 trial, a large, multicentre trial, found 39–45% of patients treated with infliximab, who had an initial response to it, maintained remission after 30 weeks, compared with 21% who received placebo treatment. It also showed a mean maintenance of remission from 38 to 54 weeks compared with 21 weeks for patients who received placebo treatment.<sup id="cite_ref-ACCENT1_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ACCENT1-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Crohn's patients have flares of their disease between periods of disease quiescence. Severe flares are usually treated with <a href="/wiki/Prednisone" title="Prednisone">steroid</a> medications to obtain remission, but steroids have many undesirable side effects, so some gastroenterologists are now advocating the use of infliximab as the first drug to try to get patients into <a href="/wiki/Remission_(medicine)" title="Remission (medicine)">remission</a>. This has been called the top-down approach to treatment.<sup id="cite_ref-topdown_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-topdown-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ulcerative_colitis">Ulcerative colitis</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Infliximab&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Ulcerative colitis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Infliximab targets <a href="/wiki/Tumour_necrosis_factor" class="mw-redirect" title="Tumour necrosis factor">TNF</a>, thought to be more related to <a href="/wiki/T_helper_cell#Th1/Th2_Model_for_helper_T_cells" title="T helper cell">Th1</a> cytokines. Ulcerative colitis was thought to be a <a href="/wiki/T_helper_cell#Th1/Th2_Model_for_helper_T_cells" title="T helper cell">Th2</a> disease, and infliximab would be of limited use. However, patients with ulcerative colitis have begun to be treated with infliximab on the basis of two large clinical trials conducted in 2005 by Paul Rutgeerts and William Sandborn. The Acute ulcerative Colitis Treatment trials (ACT1 and ACT2) to evaluate the utility of infliximab in ulcerative colitis showed 44–45% of patients treated with infliximab for a year maintained a response to the medication, compared with 21% of patients who were treated with placebo medication. At two months, the response was 61–69% for patients treated with infliximab, and 31% for those treated with placebo.<sup id="cite_ref-ACT_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ACT-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Psoriatic_arthritis">Psoriatic arthritis</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Infliximab&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Psoriatic arthritis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Psoriatic_arthritis" title="Psoriatic arthritis">psoriatic arthritis</a> (PsA), inhibitors of TNF, such as infliximab, improve the signs and symptoms. Several therapies with modest efficacy have been studied in nail psoriasis. Among available agents, higher quality data are available to support the efficacy of <a href="/wiki/Cyclosporine" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyclosporine">cyclosporine</a> and infliximab. Based on studies in AS, the results suggest infliximab, <a href="/wiki/Etanercept" title="Etanercept">etanercept</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Adalimumab" title="Adalimumab">adalimumab</a> have the potential to reduce the signs and symptoms of moderate to severely active axial involvement in PsA in patients who have had an inadequate response to NSAID (level 1a, grade A). The anti-TNF agents (infliximab and etanercept; level 1b, grade A) are more effective for the treatment of <a href="/wiki/Enthesitis" title="Enthesitis">enthesitis</a> than traditional agents. Results suggest infliximab is effective for the treatment of <a href="/wiki/Dactylitis" title="Dactylitis">dactylitis</a> in PsA.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other">Other</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Infliximab&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Other"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>It was approved for treating <a href="/wiki/Ankylosing_spondylitis" title="Ankylosing spondylitis">ankylosing spondylitis</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Maxwell_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Maxwell-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> psoriatic arthritis, psoriasis, <a href="/wiki/Rheumatoid_arthritis" title="Rheumatoid arthritis">rheumatoid arthritis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Infliximab is also prescribed (out of indication) for the treatment of <a href="/wiki/Beh%C3%A7et%27s_disease" title="Behçet's disease">Behçet's disease</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Infliximab is the most frequently used biological agent in treating <a href="/wiki/Relapsing_polychondritis" title="Relapsing polychondritis">relapsing polychondritis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Relapsing_polychondritis_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Relapsing_polychondritis-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Half of the patients saw benefit from this treatment, and a few other patients experienced infections that in some cases lead to death.<sup id="cite_ref-Relapsing_polychondritis_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Relapsing_polychondritis-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There have been numerous case reports of the efficacy of infliximab in various inflammatory skin conditions diseases; the FDA approved infliximab for chronic severe <a href="/wiki/Plaque_psoriasis" class="mw-redirect" title="Plaque psoriasis">plaque psoriasis</a> in adults in September 2006.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Infliximab has been used off-label in treating refractory <a href="/wiki/Sarcoidosis" title="Sarcoidosis">sarcoidosis</a>, where other treatments have not been effective.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Infliximab has been tested in <a href="/wiki/Chronic_obstructive_pulmonary_disease" title="Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease">chronic obstructive pulmonary disease</a> (COPD) but there was no evidence of benefit with the possibility of harm.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Infliximab is indicated for steroid refractory <a href="/wiki/Checkpoint_inhibitor_induced_colitis" title="Checkpoint inhibitor induced colitis">checkpoint inhibitor induced colitis</a>, at a dose of 5 to 10 mg/kg.<sup id="cite_ref-Brahmer_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brahmer-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Infliximab has been found to be a safe alternative treatment to a second dose of <a href="/wiki/Immunoglobulin_therapy" title="Immunoglobulin therapy">IVIG</a> for <a href="/wiki/Kawasaki_disease" title="Kawasaki disease">Kawasaki Disease</a> resistant to initial IVIG therapy, showing better outcomes in fever resolution and fewer severe adverse effects such as <a href="/wiki/Hemolytic_anemia" title="Hemolytic anemia">hemolytic anemia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Adverse_effects">Adverse effects</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Infliximab&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Adverse effects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Infliximab" title="Special:EditPage/Infliximab">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2009</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Infliximab has adverse effects, some life-threatening, common to drugs in the class of <a href="/wiki/TNF_inhibitor" title="TNF inhibitor">TNF inhibiting</a> <a href="/wiki/Immunosuppressants" class="mw-redirect" title="Immunosuppressants">immunosuppressants</a> (which also includes etanercept (<a href="/wiki/Enbrel" class="mw-redirect" title="Enbrel">Enbrel</a>) and adalimumab (<a href="/wiki/Humira" class="mw-redirect" title="Humira">Humira</a>)). Some of the most severe are: </p> <ul><li>serious <a href="/wiki/Infection" title="Infection">infections</a></li> <li>reactivation of <a href="/wiki/Hepatitis_B" title="Hepatitis B">hepatitis B</a></li> <li>reactivation of <a href="/wiki/Tuberculosis" title="Tuberculosis">tuberculosis</a><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>lethal <a href="/wiki/Hepatosplenic_T-cell_lymphoma" title="Hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma">hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma</a> (generally only when combined with <a href="/wiki/6-mercaptopurine" class="mw-redirect" title="6-mercaptopurine">6-mercaptopurine</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drug-induced_lupus" class="mw-redirect" title="Drug-induced lupus">drug-induced lupus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demyelinating" class="mw-redirect" title="Demyelinating">demyelinating</a> <a href="/wiki/Central_nervous_system" title="Central nervous system">central nervous system</a> disorders</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psoriasis" title="Psoriasis">psoriasis</a> and psoriasiform skin lesions</li> <li>new-onset <a href="/wiki/Vitiligo" title="Vitiligo">vitiligo</a></li></ul> <p>Cases of <a href="/wiki/Leukopenia" title="Leukopenia">leukopenia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neutropenia" title="Neutropenia">neutropenia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thrombocytopenia" title="Thrombocytopenia">thrombocytopenia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pancytopenia" title="Pancytopenia">pancytopenia</a> (some fatal) have been reported with infliximab.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The FDA issued a warning to doctors appearing in the respective product labeling of infliximab instructing them to screen and monitor potential patients more carefully.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The FDA issued a warning to doctors that there is an increased risk of lymphoma and other cancers associated with the use of infliximab and other tumor necrosis factor blockers in children and adolescents.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Maintenance therapy with the drug (versus intermittent or sporadic therapy) lessens the likelihood of developing antibodies to infliximab which are known to reduce the efficacy of the drug. Combination treatment with <a href="/wiki/Methotrexate" title="Methotrexate">methotrexate</a> (an antifolate drug which suppresses the immune system) has been shown to reduce the formation of these antibodies in patients with rheumatoid arthritis<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and combination therapy with other immunosuppressants has been shown to reduce the likelihood of these antibodies being formed in Crohn's disease.<sup id="cite_ref-ACCENT1_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ACCENT1-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The use of immunosuppressants may not be necessary in all diseases for which infliximab is indicated, and indiscriminant uses of these other immunosuppressants carry their own risks. Infliximab was studied in monotherapy (without concomitant immunosuppressants such as methotrexate or <a href="/wiki/Azathioprine" title="Azathioprine">azathioprine</a>) in <a href="/wiki/Psoriasis" title="Psoriasis">psoriasis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Psoriatic_arthritis" title="Psoriatic arthritis">psoriatic arthritis</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ankylosing_spondylitis" title="Ankylosing spondylitis">ankylosing spondylitis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Maxwell_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Maxwell-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pharmacology">Pharmacology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Infliximab&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Pharmacology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Infliximab is a purified, recombinant DNA-derived <a href="/wiki/Chimeric_antibody" class="mw-redirect" title="Chimeric antibody">chimeric</a> human-mouse <a href="/wiki/Immunoglobulin_G" title="Immunoglobulin G">IgG</a> <a href="/wiki/Monoclonal_antibody" title="Monoclonal antibody">monoclonal antibody</a> that consists of mouse <a href="/wiki/Antibody#Heavy_chain" title="Antibody">heavy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Antibody#Light_chain_types" title="Antibody">light</a> chain <a href="/wiki/Antibody#Immunoglobulin_domains" title="Antibody">variable regions</a> combined with human heavy and light chain constant regions.<sup id="cite_ref-Akiho1_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Akiho1-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has a <a href="/wiki/Biological_half-life" title="Biological half-life">serum half-life</a> of 9.5 days and can be detected in serum 8 weeks after infusion treatment.<sup id="cite_ref-Akiho1_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Akiho1-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Infliximab neutralizes the biological activity of <a href="/wiki/TNF_alpha" class="mw-redirect" title="TNF alpha">TNF-α</a> by binding with high <a href="/wiki/Affinity_(pharmacology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Affinity (pharmacology)">affinity</a> to the soluble (free floating in the blood) and transmembrane (located on the outer membranes of <a href="/wiki/T_cells" class="mw-redirect" title="T cells">T cells</a> and similar immune cells) forms of TNF-α, and inhibits or prevents the effective binding of TNF-α with its receptors. Infliximab and <a href="/wiki/Adalimumab" title="Adalimumab">adalimumab</a> (another TNF antagonist) are in the subclass of "anti-TNF antibodies" (they are in the form of naturally occurring antibodies), and are capable of neutralizing all forms (extracellular-, <a href="/wiki/Transmembrane" class="mw-redirect" title="Transmembrane">transmembrane</a>-, and <a href="/wiki/Receptor_(immunology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Receptor (immunology)">receptor</a>-bound) of TNF-α.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Etanercept, a third TNF antagonist, is in a different subclass (receptor-construct fusion protein), and, because of its modified form, cannot neutralize receptor-bound TNF-α.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally, the anti-TNF antibodies <a href="/wiki/Adalimumab" title="Adalimumab">adalimumab</a> and infliximab have the capability of <a href="/wiki/Lysing" class="mw-redirect" title="Lysing">lysing</a> cells involved in the inflammatory process, whereas the receptor fusion protein apparently lacks this capability.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other monoclonal antibodies targeting TNF-α are <a href="/wiki/Golimumab" title="Golimumab">golimumab</a>, <a href="/wiki/Adalimumab" title="Adalimumab">adalimumab</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Certolizumab_pegol" title="Certolizumab pegol">certolizumab pegol</a>. <a href="/wiki/Etanercept" title="Etanercept">Etanercept</a> also binds and inhibits the action of TNF-α, but is not a monoclonal antibody (it is instead a fusion of <a href="/wiki/CD120" title="CD120">TNF-receptor</a> and an <a href="/wiki/Fc_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Fc region">antibody constant region</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Infliximab&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The importance of TNF in the development of <a href="/wiki/Rheumatoid_arthritis" title="Rheumatoid arthritis">rheumatoid arthritis</a> was originally demonstrated by <a href="/wiki/George_Kollias_(biologist)" title="George Kollias (biologist)">George Kollias</a> and colleagues in proof of principle studies in transgenic animal models.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid1721867_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid1721867-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid26008591_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid26008591-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Infliximab was developed by Junming Le (b. 1940) and <a href="/wiki/Jan_Vil%C4%8Dek" title="Jan Vilček">Jan Vilček</a> (b. 1933) at <a href="/wiki/New_York_University_School_of_Medicine" class="mw-redirect" title="New York University School of Medicine">New York University School of Medicine</a> and in collaboration with <a href="/wiki/Centocor" class="mw-redirect" title="Centocor">Centocor</a> (now Janssen Biotech, Inc.).<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Society_and_culture">Society and culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Infliximab&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Society and culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Marketing">Marketing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Infliximab&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Marketing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Remicade is marketed by <a href="/wiki/Janssen_Biotech" class="mw-redirect" title="Janssen Biotech">Janssen Biotech</a>, Inc. (formerly <a href="/wiki/Centocor" class="mw-redirect" title="Centocor">Centocor</a> Biotech, Inc.) in the United States, <a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_Tanabe_Pharma" title="Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma">Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma</a> in Japan, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Xian_Janssen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xian Janssen (page does not exist)">Xian Janssen</a> in China, and <a href="/wiki/Schering-Plough" title="Schering-Plough">Schering-Plough</a> (now part of <a href="/wiki/Merck_%26_Co" class="mw-redirect" title="Merck & Co">Merck & Co</a>) elsewhere.<sup id="cite_ref-JNJ_20071106_141812_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JNJ_20071106_141812-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Biosimilars">Biosimilars</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Infliximab&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Biosimilars"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Biosimilars" class="mw-redirect" title="Biosimilars">Biosimilars</a></div> <p>In June 2013, two <a href="/wiki/Biosimilar" title="Biosimilar">biosimilar</a> versions (Inflectra and Remsima) were submitted for approval in the European Union, by <a href="/wiki/Hospira" title="Hospira">Hospira</a> and Celltrion Healthcare respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-george2013_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-george2013-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both had a positive opinion from <a href="/wiki/European_Medicines_Agency" title="European Medicines Agency">European Medicines Agency</a>'s (EMA) Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) for sale in the European Union (EU).<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Celltrion obtained marketing authorization approval (MAA) from 27 EU countries and 3 EEA (European Economic Area) countries by September 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Remsima_EPAR_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Remsima_EPAR-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Inflectra_EPAR_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Inflectra_EPAR-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Inflectra was approved for use in the European Union in September 2013,<sup id="cite_ref-Inflectra_EPAR_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Inflectra_EPAR-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Remsima was approved for use in the European Union in October 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-Remsima_EPAR_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Remsima_EPAR-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Japan, Celltrion received marketing authorization for Remsima from Japan's Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW) in July 2014.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In India, Epirus Biopharmaceuticals obtained approval to produce biosimilar infliximab under the brand name "Infimab" (trail name BOW015).<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The US <a href="/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration" title="Food and Drug Administration">Food and Drug Administration</a> (FDA) approved Celltrion/Hospira/Pfizer's Inflectra (infliximab-dyyb) in April 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-FDA_PR_20191206_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FDA_PR_20191206-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Inflectra_FDA_approval_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Inflectra_FDA_approval-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The FDA approved Samsung Bioepis Co., Ltd.'s Renflexis (infliximab-abda) in April 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-Renflexis_FDA_approval_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Renflexis_FDA_approval-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Biogen" title="Biogen">Biogen</a> released another biosimilar, Flixabi, which was approved in Germany, the UK, and the Netherlands.<sup id="cite_ref-biib_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-biib-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Flixabi was approved for use in the European Union in May 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-Flixabi_EPAR_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Flixabi_EPAR-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In December 2017, Ixifi (infliximab-qbtx) was approved in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-Ixifi_FDA_approval_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ixifi_FDA_approval-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Zessly was approved for use in the European Union in May 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-Zessly_EPAR_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zessly_EPAR-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In December 2019, Avsola (infliximab-axxq) was approved in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-Avsola_FDA_approval_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Avsola_FDA_approval-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Avsola was approved for medical use in Canada in March 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In December 2021, Ixifi was approved for medical use in Canada.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Availability/affordability"><span id="Availability.2Faffordability"></span>Availability/affordability</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Infliximab&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Availability/affordability"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Infliximab is supplied as a sterile, white, lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder,<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> so must be reconstituted and administered by a health care professional, usually in a hospital or office setting.<sup id="cite_ref-JNJ_20071106_141812_56-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JNJ_20071106_141812-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For this reason, it is usually covered under major medical insurance rather than prescription drug coverage. The loading regimen for all approved indications occurs at weeks 0, 2, and 6 at the above dosages.<sup id="cite_ref-JNJ_20071106_141812_56-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JNJ_20071106_141812-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the UK, infliximab is available from the NHS for <a href="/wiki/Crohn%27s_disease" title="Crohn's disease">Crohn's disease</a> treatment provided three criteria are met.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Patients should have severe active Crohn's disease with a <a href="/wiki/Crohn%27s_Disease_Activity_Index" title="Crohn's Disease Activity Index">CDAI</a> score of 300 or more, have not responded to immunomodulating drugs and corticosteroids, and for whom surgery is inappropriate. Since February 2015, it is also approved for the treatment of <a href="/wiki/Ulcerative_colitis" title="Ulcerative colitis">ulcerative colitis</a> where other treatments have not worked.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Australia, infliximab is available through the PBS for Crohn's disease treatment provided the patient has not responded to conventional treatment and has a severe case of the condition.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Johnson & Johnson reported in its 2013 annual report, "Remicade (infliximab), accounted for approximately 9.4% of the Company's total revenues for fiscal 2013."<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Zymfentra was approved for medical use in the United States in October 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-Zymfentra_PR_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zymfentra_PR-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Infliximab&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Renflexis_FDA_approval-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Renflexis_FDA_approval_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Renflexis_FDA_approval_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Renflexis_FDA_approval_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Renflexis_FDA_approval_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2017/761054Orig1s000TOC.cfm">"Drug Approval Package: Renflexis (infliximab-abda)"</a>. <i>U.S. <a href="/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration" title="Food and Drug Administration">Food and Drug Administration</a> (FDA)</i>. 10 December 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191218044927/https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2017/761054Orig1s000TOC.cfm">Archived</a> from the original on 18 December 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=U.S.+Food+and+Drug+Administration+%28FDA%29&rft.atitle=Drug+Approval+Package%3A+Renflexis+%28infliximab-abda%29&rft.date=2018-12-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.accessdata.fda.gov%2Fdrugsatfda_docs%2Fnda%2F2017%2F761054Orig1s000TOC.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInfliximab" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Avsola_FDA_approval-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Avsola_FDA_approval_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Avsola_FDA_approval_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Avsola_FDA_approval_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Avsola_FDA_approval_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2019/761086Orig1s000TOC.cfm">"Drug Approval Package: Avsola"</a>. <i>U.S. <a href="/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration" title="Food and Drug Administration">Food and Drug Administration</a> (FDA)</i>. 30 January 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201101090550/https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2019/761086Orig1s000TOC.cfm">Archived</a> from the original on 1 November 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=U.S.+Food+and+Drug+Administration+%28FDA%29&rft.atitle=Drug+Approval+Package%3A+Avsola&rft.date=2020-01-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.accessdata.fda.gov%2Fdrugsatfda_docs%2Fnda%2F2019%2F761086Orig1s000TOC.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInfliximab" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Inflectra_FDA_approval-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Inflectra_FDA_approval_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Inflectra_FDA_approval_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Inflectra_FDA_approval_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2016/125544Orig1s000TOC.cfm">"Inflectra (infliximab-dyyb) for Injection"</a>. <i>U.S. <a href="/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration" title="Food and Drug Administration">Food and Drug Administration</a> (FDA)</i>. 27 June 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220520044426/https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2016/125544Orig1s000TOC.cfm">Archived</a> from the original on 20 May 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=DailyMed&rft.atitle=Inflectra-+infliximab-dyyb+injection%2C+powder%2C+lyophilized%2C+for+solution&rft.date=2024-04-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdailymed.nlm.nih.gov%2Fdailymed%2FdrugInfo.cfm%3Fsetid%3D37eaca10-d812-48bc-8b8e-b836bfa9968f&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInfliximab" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=3827e1be-f328-45f7-b113-311b57039f8c">"Renflexis- infliximab injection, powder, lyophilized, for solution"</a>. <i>DailyMed</i>. 26 January 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=DailyMed&rft.atitle=Renflexis-+infliximab+injection%2C+powder%2C+lyophilized%2C+for+solution&rft.date=2023-01-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdailymed.nlm.nih.gov%2Fdailymed%2FdrugInfo.cfm%3Fsetid%3D3827e1be-f328-45f7-b113-311b57039f8c&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInfliximab" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=93a193ab-9f96-4da6-aa7c-31212e81879a">"Zymfentra- infliximab-dyyb injection"</a>. <i>DailyMed</i>. 2 May 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 September</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2013+1229+10-K&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sec.gov%2FArchives%2Fedgar%2Fdata%2F200406%2F000020040614000033%2Fa2013122910-k.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInfliximab" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Infliximab&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" 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.navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Merck%26Co" title="Template:Merck&Co"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Merck%26Co" title="Template talk:Merck&Co"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Merck%26Co" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Merck&Co"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Merck_&amp;_Co.,_Inc." style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Merck_%26_Co." title="Merck & Co.">Merck & Co., Inc.</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Corporate directors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Clark_(business_executive)" title="Richard Clark (business executive)">Richard Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnnetta_Cole" title="Johnnetta Cole">Johnnetta Cole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_B._Harrison_Jr." title="William B. Harrison Jr.">William Harrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_N._Kelley" class="mw-redirect" title="William N. Kelley">William Kelley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rochelle_Lazarus" title="Rochelle Lazarus">Rochelle Lazarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Shenk" title="Thomas Shenk">Thomas Shenk</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anne_Tatlock&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anne Tatlock (page does not exist)">Anne Tatlock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Thier" class="mw-redirect" title="Samuel Thier">Samuel Thier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wendell_Weeks" title="Wendell Weeks">Wendell Weeks</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Wendell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peter Wendell (page does not exist)">Peter Wendell</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Subsidiaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acceleron_Pharma" title="Acceleron Pharma">Acceleron Pharma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cubist_Pharmaceuticals" title="Cubist Pharmaceuticals">Cubist Pharmaceuticals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._K._Mulford_Company" title="H. K. Mulford Company">H. K. Mulford Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schering-Plough" title="Schering-Plough">Schering-Plough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viralytics" title="Viralytics">Viralytics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Products</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alendronic_acid" title="Alendronic acid">Alendronate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aprepitant" title="Aprepitant">Aprepitant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ertapenem" title="Ertapenem">Ertapenem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezetimibe" title="Ezetimibe">Ezetimibe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezetimibe/simvastatin" title="Ezetimibe/simvastatin">Ezetimibe/simvastatin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finasteride" title="Finasteride">Finasteride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fosaprepitant" title="Fosaprepitant">Fosaprepitant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indinavir" title="Indinavir">Indinavir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Losartan" title="Losartan">Losartan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lovastatin" title="Lovastatin">Lovastatin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montelukast" title="Montelukast">Montelukast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omarigliptin" title="Omarigliptin">Omarigliptin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raltegravir" title="Raltegravir">Raltegravir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rizatriptan" title="Rizatriptan">Rizatriptan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rofecoxib" title="Rofecoxib">Rofecoxib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RVSV-ZEBOV_vaccine" title="RVSV-ZEBOV vaccine">rVSV-ZEBOV vaccine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simvastatin" title="Simvastatin">Simvastatin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sitagliptin" title="Sitagliptin">Sitagliptin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vericiguat" title="Vericiguat">Vericiguat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vorinostat" title="Vorinostat">Vorinostat</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Schering-Plough" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Schering-Plough</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coppertone_sign" title="Coppertone sign">Coppertone sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desloratadine" title="Desloratadine">Desloratadine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezetimibe" title="Ezetimibe">Ezetimibe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezetimibe/simvastatin" title="Ezetimibe/simvastatin">Ezetimibe/simvastatin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Famciclovir" title="Famciclovir">Famciclovir</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Infliximab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loratadine" title="Loratadine">Loratadine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mometasone" title="Mometasone">Mometasone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rocuronium_bromide" title="Rocuronium bromide">Rocuronium bromide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temozolomide" title="Temozolomide">Temozolomide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibolone" title="Tibolone">Tibolone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urofollitropin" title="Urofollitropin">Urofollitropin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Facilities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Merck_Headquarters_Building" title="Merck Headquarters Building">Merck Headquarters Building</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Publications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Merck_Manual_of_Diagnosis_and_Therapy" title="Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy">Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Merck_Manuals" title="The Merck Manuals">The Merck Manuals</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Merck_Index" title="Merck Index"><i>Index</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merck_Manual_of_Diagnosis_and_Therapy" title="Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy"><i>Manual</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merck_Veterinary_Manual" title="Merck Veterinary Manual"><i>Veterinary</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merck_Manual_of_Diagnosis_and_Therapy#The_Merck_Manual_of_Geriatrics" title="Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy"><i>Geriatrics</i></a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Immunosuppressive_drugs_/_Immunosuppressants_(L04)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Immunosuppressants" title="Template:Immunosuppressants"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Immunosuppressants" title="Template talk:Immunosuppressants"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Immunosuppressants" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Immunosuppressants"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Immunosuppressive_drugs_/_Immunosuppressants_(L04)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Immunosuppressive_drug" title="Immunosuppressive drug">Immunosuppressive drugs</a> / <a href="/wiki/Immunosuppression" title="Immunosuppression">Immunosuppressants</a> (<a href="/wiki/ATC_code_L04" title="ATC code L04">L04</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Intracellular<br />(initiation)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Antimetabolite" title="Antimetabolite">Antimetabolites</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Purine_synthesis_inhibitor" class="mw-redirect" title="Purine synthesis inhibitor">purine synthesis inhibitors</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azathioprine" title="Azathioprine">Azathioprine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mycophenolic_acid" title="Mycophenolic acid">Mycophenolic acid</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Dihydroorotate_dehydrogenase" title="Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase">dihydroorotate dehydrogenase</a></i> inhibitors <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leflunomide" title="Leflunomide">Leflunomide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teriflunomide" title="Teriflunomide">Teriflunomide</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Antifolate" title="Antifolate">antifolate</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Methotrexate" title="Methotrexate">Methotrexate</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Macrolide" title="Macrolide">Macrolides</a>/<br />other <a href="/wiki/Interleukin_2" title="Interleukin 2">IL-2</a> inhibitors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/FKBP" title="FKBP">FKBP</a>/<a href="/wiki/Cyclophilin" title="Cyclophilin">Cyclophilin</a>/<a href="/wiki/Calcineurin" title="Calcineurin">Calcineurin</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ciclosporin" title="Ciclosporin">Ciclosporin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pimecrolimus" title="Pimecrolimus">Pimecrolimus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tacrolimus" title="Tacrolimus">Tacrolimus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voclosporin" title="Voclosporin">Voclosporin</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abetimus" title="Abetimus">Abetimus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gusperimus" title="Gusperimus">Gusperimus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Immunomodulatory_imide_drug" class="mw-redirect" title="Immunomodulatory imide drug">IMiDs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lenalidomide" title="Lenalidomide">Lenalidomide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomalidomide" title="Pomalidomide">Pomalidomide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thalidomide" title="Thalidomide">Thalidomide</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/PDE4_inhibitor" title="PDE4 inhibitor">PDE4 inhibitor</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apremilast" title="Apremilast">Apremilast</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Intracellular<br />(reception)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_1_receptor_antagonist" class="mw-redirect" title="Interleukin 1 receptor antagonist">IL-1 receptor antagonists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anakinra" title="Anakinra">Anakinra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/MTOR" title="MTOR">mTOR</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Everolimus" title="Everolimus">Everolimus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ridaforolimus" title="Ridaforolimus">Ridaforolimus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sirolimus" title="Sirolimus">Sirolimus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temsirolimus" title="Temsirolimus">Temsirolimus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umirolimus" title="Umirolimus">Umirolimus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zotarolimus" title="Zotarolimus">Zotarolimus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Extracellular</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Antibody" title="Antibody">Antibodies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Monoclonal_antibody" title="Monoclonal antibody">Monoclonal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Serum target<br />(noncellular)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Complement_component_5" title="Complement component 5">Complement component 5</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eculizumab" title="Eculizumab">Eculizumab</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/TNF_inhibitor" title="TNF inhibitor">TNF</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adalimumab" title="Adalimumab">Adalimumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afelimomab" title="Afelimomab">Afelimomab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Certolizumab_pegol" title="Certolizumab pegol">Certolizumab pegol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golimumab" title="Golimumab">Golimumab</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Infliximab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nerelimomab" title="Nerelimomab">Nerelimomab</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Interleukin" title="Interleukin">Interleukin</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anakinra" title="Anakinra">Anakinra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basiliximab" title="Basiliximab">Basiliximab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bimekizumab" title="Bimekizumab">Bimekizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Briakinumab" title="Briakinumab">Briakinumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brodalumab" title="Brodalumab">Brodalumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canakinumab" title="Canakinumab">Canakinumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daclizumab" title="Daclizumab">Daclizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guselkumab" title="Guselkumab">Guselkumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ixekizumab" title="Ixekizumab">Ixekizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Netakimab&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Netakimab (page does not exist)">Netakimab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olokizumab" title="Olokizumab">Olokizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rilonacept" title="Rilonacept">Rilonacept</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Risankizumab" title="Risankizumab">Risankizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarilumab" title="Sarilumab">Sarilumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satralizumab" title="Satralizumab">Satralizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secukinumab" title="Secukinumab">Secukinumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siltuximab" title="Siltuximab">Siltuximab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sirukumab" title="Sirukumab">Sirukumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spesolimab" title="Spesolimab">Spesolimab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tildrakizumab" title="Tildrakizumab">Tildrakizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tocilizumab" title="Tocilizumab">Tocilizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ustekinumab" title="Ustekinumab">Ustekinumab</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_5" title="Interleukin 5">Interleukin 5</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mepolizumab" title="Mepolizumab">Mepolizumab</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Immunoglobulin_E" title="Immunoglobulin E">Immunoglobulin E</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Omalizumab" title="Omalizumab">Omalizumab</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Interferon" title="Interferon">Interferon</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Faralimomab" title="Faralimomab">Faralimomab</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_6" title="Interleukin 6">IL-6</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elsilimomab" title="Elsilimomab">Elsilimomab</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_12" title="Interleukin 12">IL-12</a>, <a href="/wiki/Interleukin_13" title="Interleukin 13">IL-13</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Interleukin_23" title="Interleukin 23">IL-23</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lebrikizumab" title="Lebrikizumab">Lebrikizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ustekinumab" title="Ustekinumab">Ustekinumab</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_17" title="Interleukin 17">IL-17A</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Secukinumab" title="Secukinumab">Secukinumab</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cellular<br />target</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/CD3_(immunology)" title="CD3 (immunology)">CD3</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muromonab-CD3" title="Muromonab-CD3">Muromonab-CD3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otelixizumab" title="Otelixizumab">Otelixizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teplizumab" title="Teplizumab">Teplizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visilizumab" title="Visilizumab">Visilizumab</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/CD4" title="CD4">CD4</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clenoliximab" title="Clenoliximab">Clenoliximab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keliximab" title="Keliximab">Keliximab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zanolimumab" title="Zanolimumab">Zanolimumab</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/CD11a" class="mw-redirect" title="CD11a">CD11a</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Efalizumab" title="Efalizumab">Efalizumab</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/CD18" class="mw-redirect" title="CD18">CD18</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Erlizumab" title="Erlizumab">Erlizumab</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/CD20" title="CD20">CD20</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Obinutuzumab" title="Obinutuzumab">Obinutuzumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocrelizumab" title="Ocrelizumab">Ocrelizumab</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ocrelizumab/hyaluronidase" title="Ocrelizumab/hyaluronidase">+hyaluronidase</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pascolizumab" title="Pascolizumab">Pascolizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rituximab" title="Rituximab">Rituximab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ublituximab" title="Ublituximab">Ublituximab</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/CD23" title="CD23">CD23</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gomiliximab" class="mw-redirect" title="Gomiliximab">Gomiliximab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lumiliximab" title="Lumiliximab">Lumiliximab</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/CD40_(protein)" title="CD40 (protein)">CD40</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Teneliximab" title="Teneliximab">Teneliximab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toralizumab" title="Toralizumab">Toralizumab</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/L-selectin" title="L-selectin">CD62L/L-selectin</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aselizumab" title="Aselizumab">Aselizumab</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/CD80" title="CD80">CD80</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Galiximab" title="Galiximab">Galiximab</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Basigin" title="Basigin">CD147/Basigin</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gavilimomab" title="Gavilimomab">Gavilimomab</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/CD154" title="CD154">CD154</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frexalimab" title="Frexalimab">Frexalimab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruplizumab" title="Ruplizumab">Ruplizumab</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><i>BLyS</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belimumab" title="Belimumab">Belimumab</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chloramphenicol_acetyltransferase" title="Chloramphenicol acetyltransferase">CAT</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bertilimumab" title="Bertilimumab">Bertilimumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lerdelimumab" title="Lerdelimumab">Lerdelimumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metelimumab" title="Metelimumab">Metelimumab</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Integrin" title="Integrin">Integrin</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Natalizumab" title="Natalizumab">Natalizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vedolizumab" title="Vedolizumab">Vedolizumab</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Interleukin-6_receptor" title="Interleukin-6 receptor">Interleukin-6 receptor</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tocilizumab" title="Tocilizumab">Tocilizumab</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lymphocyte_function-associated_antigen_1" title="Lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1">LFA-1</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Odulimomab" title="Odulimomab">Odulimomab</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/IL-2_receptor" title="IL-2 receptor">IL-2 receptor/CD25</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basiliximab" title="Basiliximab">Basiliximab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daclizumab" title="Daclizumab">Daclizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inolimomab" title="Inolimomab">Inolimomab</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/T_cell" title="T cell">T-lymphocyte</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Zolimomab_aritox" title="Zolimomab aritox">Zolimomab aritox</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unsorted</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alemtuzumab" title="Alemtuzumab">Alemtuzumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anifrolumab" title="Anifrolumab">Anifrolumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atorolimumab" title="Atorolimumab">Atorolimumab</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Begelomab&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Begelomab (page does not exist)">Begelomab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cedelizumab" title="Cedelizumab">Cedelizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emapalumab" title="Emapalumab">Emapalumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fontolizumab" title="Fontolizumab">Fontolizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inebilizumab" title="Inebilizumab">Inebilizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maslimomab" title="Maslimomab">Maslimomab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morolimumab" title="Morolimumab">Morolimumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ofatumumab" title="Ofatumumab">Ofatumumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pexelizumab" title="Pexelizumab">Pexelizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reslizumab" title="Reslizumab">Reslizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rovelizumab" title="Rovelizumab">Rovelizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siplizumab" title="Siplizumab">Siplizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talizumab" title="Talizumab">Talizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telimomab_aritox" title="Telimomab aritox">Telimomab aritox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teprotumumab" title="Teprotumumab">Teprotumumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vapaliximab" title="Vapaliximab">Vapaliximab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vepalimomab" title="Vepalimomab">Vepalimomab</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Polyclonal_antibodies" title="Polyclonal antibodies">Polyclonal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-thymocyte_globulin" title="Anti-thymocyte globulin">Anti-thymocyte globulin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-lymphocyte_globulin" title="Anti-lymphocyte globulin">Anti-lymphocyte globulin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">-cept (<a href="/wiki/Fusion_protein" title="Fusion protein">Fusion</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/CTLA-4" class="mw-redirect" title="CTLA-4">CTLA-4</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abatacept" title="Abatacept">Abatacept</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belatacept" title="Belatacept">Belatacept</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/TNF_inhibitor" title="TNF inhibitor">TNF inhibitor</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Etanercept" title="Etanercept">Etanercept</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Opinercept&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Opinercept (page does not exist)">Opinercept</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aflibercept" title="Aflibercept">Aflibercept</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alefacept" title="Alefacept">Alefacept</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rilonacept" title="Rilonacept">Rilonacept</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unsorted</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avacopan" title="Avacopan">Avacopan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baricitinib" title="Baricitinib">Baricitinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bimekizumab" title="Bimekizumab">Bimekizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blisibimod" title="Blisibimod">Blisibimod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Briakinumab" title="Briakinumab">Briakinumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brodalumab" title="Brodalumab">Brodalumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canakinumab" title="Canakinumab">Canakinumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crovalimab" title="Crovalimab">Crovalimab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danicopan" title="Danicopan">Danicopan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darvadstrocel" title="Darvadstrocel">Darvadstrocel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deucravacitinib" title="Deucravacitinib">Deucravacitinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deuruxolitinib" title="Deuruxolitinib">Deuruxolitinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimethyl_fumarate" title="Dimethyl fumarate">Dimethyl fumarate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diroximel_fumarate" title="Diroximel fumarate">Diroximel fumarate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Efgartigimod_alfa" title="Efgartigimod alfa">Efgartigimod alfa</a> (<a href="/wiki/Efgartigimod_alfa/hyaluronidase" title="Efgartigimod alfa/hyaluronidase">+hyaluronidase</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etrasimod" title="Etrasimod">Etrasimod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filgotinib" title="Filgotinib">Filgotinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fingolimod" title="Fingolimod">Fingolimod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guselkumab" title="Guselkumab">Guselkumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iptacopan" title="Iptacopan">Iptacopan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Itacitinib&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Itacitinib (page does not exist)">Itacitinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ixekizumab" title="Ixekizumab">Ixekizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Netakimab&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Netakimab (page does not exist)">Netakimab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olokizumab" title="Olokizumab">Olokizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ozanimod" title="Ozanimod">Ozanimod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peficitinib" title="Peficitinib">Peficitinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pegcetacoplan" title="Pegcetacoplan">Pegcetacoplan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirfenidone" title="Pirfenidone">Pirfenidone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ponesimod" title="Ponesimod">Ponesimod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravulizumab" title="Ravulizumab">Ravulizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Risankizumab" title="Risankizumab">Risankizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ritlecitinib" title="Ritlecitinib">Ritlecitinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rozanolixizumab" title="Rozanolixizumab">Rozanolixizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarilumab" title="Sarilumab">Sarilumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satralizumab" title="Satralizumab">Satralizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siltuximab" title="Siltuximab">Siltuximab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siponimod" title="Siponimod">Siponimod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sirukumab" title="Sirukumab">Sirukumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spesolimab" title="Spesolimab">Spesolimab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sutimlimab" title="Sutimlimab">Sutimlimab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telitacicept" title="Telitacicept">Telitacicept</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tildrakizumab" title="Tildrakizumab">Tildrakizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tofacitinib" title="Tofacitinib">Tofacitinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upadacitinib" title="Upadacitinib">Upadacitinib</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Monoclonal_antibodies_for_the_immune_system" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Monoclonals_for_immune_system" title="Template:Monoclonals for immune system"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Monoclonals_for_immune_system" title="Template talk:Monoclonals for immune system"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Monoclonals_for_immune_system" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Monoclonals for immune system"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Monoclonal_antibodies_for_the_immune_system" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Monoclonal_antibodies" class="mw-redirect" title="Monoclonal antibodies">Monoclonal antibodies</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Immune_system" title="Immune system">immune system</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Immune_system" title="Immune system">Immune system</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Human</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Immunosuppression" title="Immunosuppression">Immunosuppression</a></i>: <a href="/wiki/Abrilumab" title="Abrilumab">Abrilumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adalimumab" title="Adalimumab">Adalimumab</a><sup>#</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anifrolumab" title="Anifrolumab">Anifrolumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atorolimumab" title="Atorolimumab">Atorolimumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avelumab" title="Avelumab">Avelumab</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Avdoralimab&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Avdoralimab (page does not exist)">Avdoralimab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belimumab" title="Belimumab">Belimumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bleselumab" title="Bleselumab">Bleselumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brodalumab" title="Brodalumab">Brodalumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camidanlumab_tesirine" title="Camidanlumab tesirine">Camidanlumab tesirine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlumab" title="Carlumab">Carlumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cemiplimab" title="Cemiplimab">Cemiplimab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dupilumab" title="Dupilumab">Dupilumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eldelumab" title="Eldelumab">Eldelumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emapalumab" title="Emapalumab">Emapalumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fresolimumab" title="Fresolimumab">Fresolimumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golimumab" title="Golimumab">Golimumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ianalumab" title="Ianalumab">Ianalumab</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanadelumab" title="Lanadelumab">Lanadelumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lenzilumab" title="Lenzilumab">Lenzilumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lerdelimumab" title="Lerdelimumab">Lerdelimumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lirentelimab" title="Lirentelimab">Lirentelimab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lirilumab" title="Lirilumab">Lirilumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mavrilimumab" title="Mavrilimumab">Mavrilimumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metelimumab" title="Metelimumab">Metelimumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morolimumab" title="Morolimumab">Morolimumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namilumab" title="Namilumab">Namilumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleclumab" title="Oleclumab">Oleclumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxelumab" title="Oxelumab">Oxelumab</a>§</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pamrevlumab" title="Pamrevlumab">Pamrevlumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Placulumab" title="Placulumab">Placulumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relatlimab" title="Relatlimab">Relatlimab</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarilumab" title="Sarilumab">Sarilumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sifalimumab" title="Sifalimumab">Sifalimumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabalumab" title="Tabalumab">Tabalumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tezepelumab" title="Tezepelumab">Tezepelumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulocuplumab" title="Ulocuplumab">Ulocuplumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varlilumab" title="Varlilumab">Varlilumab</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Immune activation</i>: <a href="/wiki/Ipilimumab" title="Ipilimumab">Ipilimumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durvalumab" title="Durvalumab">Durvalumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nivolumab" title="Nivolumab">Nivolumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tremelimumab" title="Tremelimumab">Tremelimumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urelumab" title="Urelumab">Urelumab</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Other</i>: <a href="/wiki/Bertilimumab" title="Bertilimumab">Bertilimumab</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ontamalimab&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ontamalimab (page does not exist)">Ontamalimab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zanolimumab" title="Zanolimumab">Zanolimumab</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Combination</i>: <a href="/wiki/Nivolumab/relatlimab" title="Nivolumab/relatlimab">Nivolumab/relatlimab</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Mouse</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afelimomab" title="Afelimomab">Afelimomab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elsilimomab" title="Elsilimomab">Elsilimomab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faralimomab" title="Faralimomab">Faralimomab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gavilimomab" title="Gavilimomab">Gavilimomab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inolimomab" title="Inolimomab">Inolimomab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maslimomab" title="Maslimomab">Maslimomab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nerelimomab" title="Nerelimomab">Nerelimomab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odulimomab" title="Odulimomab">Odulimomab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telimomab_aritox" title="Telimomab aritox">Telimomab aritox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vepalimomab" title="Vepalimomab">Vepalimomab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zolimomab_aritox" title="Zolimomab aritox">Zolimomab aritox</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Chimeric_antibody" class="mw-redirect" title="Chimeric antibody">Chimeric</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andecaliximab" title="Andecaliximab">Andecaliximab</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basiliximab" title="Basiliximab">Basiliximab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clenoliximab" title="Clenoliximab">Clenoliximab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galiximab" title="Galiximab">Galiximab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gomiliximab" class="mw-redirect" title="Gomiliximab">Gomiliximab</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Infliximab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keliximab" title="Keliximab">Keliximab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lumiliximab" title="Lumiliximab">Lumiliximab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priliximab" title="Priliximab">Priliximab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teneliximab" title="Teneliximab">Teneliximab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vapaliximab" title="Vapaliximab">Vapaliximab</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Humanized_antibody" title="Humanized antibody">Humanized</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Immunosuppressive:</i> <a href="/wiki/Apolizumab" title="Apolizumab">Apolizumab</a><sup>§</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aselizumab" title="Aselizumab">Aselizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atezolizumab" title="Atezolizumab">Atezolizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benralizumab" title="Benralizumab">Benralizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camrelizumab" title="Camrelizumab">Camrelizumab</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cedelizumab" title="Cedelizumab">Cedelizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Certolizumab_pegol" title="Certolizumab pegol">Certolizumab pegol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crizanlizumab" title="Crizanlizumab">Crizanlizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daclizumab" title="Daclizumab">Daclizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eculizumab" title="Eculizumab">Eculizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Efalizumab" title="Efalizumab">Efalizumab</a><sup>‡</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epratuzumab" title="Epratuzumab">Epratuzumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erlizumab" title="Erlizumab">Erlizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etrolizumab" title="Etrolizumab">Etrolizumab</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fontolizumab" title="Fontolizumab">Fontolizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frexalimab" title="Frexalimab">Frexalimab</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inebilizumab" title="Inebilizumab">Inebilizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itolizumab" title="Itolizumab">Itolizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lampalizumab" title="Lampalizumab">Lampalizumab</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Letolizumab" title="Letolizumab">Letolizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ligelizumab" title="Ligelizumab">Ligelizumab</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lulizumab_pegol" title="Lulizumab pegol">Lulizumab pegol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mepolizumab" title="Mepolizumab">Mepolizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mogamulizumab" title="Mogamulizumab">Mogamulizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natalizumab" title="Natalizumab">Natalizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocrelizumab" title="Ocrelizumab">Ocrelizumab</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ocrelizumab/hyaluronidase" title="Ocrelizumab/hyaluronidase">+hyaluronidase</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omalizumab" title="Omalizumab">Omalizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ozoralizumab" title="Ozoralizumab">Ozoralizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pascolizumab" title="Pascolizumab">Pascolizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pateclizumab" title="Pateclizumab">Pateclizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pembrolizumab" title="Pembrolizumab">Pembrolizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pexelizumab" title="Pexelizumab">Pexelizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pidilizumab" title="Pidilizumab">Pidilizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plozalizumab" title="Plozalizumab">Plozalizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PRO_140" class="mw-redirect" title="PRO 140">PRO 140</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quilizumab" title="Quilizumab">Quilizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravulizumab" title="Ravulizumab">Ravulizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reslizumab" title="Reslizumab">Reslizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retifanlimab" title="Retifanlimab">Retifanlimab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rontalizumab" title="Rontalizumab">Rontalizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rovelizumab" title="Rovelizumab">Rovelizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruplizumab" title="Ruplizumab">Ruplizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samalizumab" title="Samalizumab">Samalizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satralizumab" title="Satralizumab">Satralizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siplizumab" title="Siplizumab">Siplizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spartalizumab" title="Spartalizumab">Spartalizumab</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talizumab" title="Talizumab">Talizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teclistamab" title="Teclistamab">Teclistamab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teplizumab" title="Teplizumab">Teplizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tislelizumab" title="Tislelizumab">Tislelizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tocilizumab" title="Tocilizumab">Tocilizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toralizumab" title="Toralizumab">Toralizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tregalizumab" title="Tregalizumab">Tregalizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatelizumab" title="Vatelizumab">Vatelizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vedolizumab" title="Vedolizumab">Vedolizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visilizumab" title="Visilizumab">Visilizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vobarilizumab" title="Vobarilizumab">Vobarilizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TGN1412" class="mw-redirect" title="TGN1412">TGN1412</a><sup>§</sup><br /></li></ul> <p><i>Immune activation</i>: <a href="/wiki/Dostarlimab" title="Dostarlimab">Dostarlimab</a><br /> <i>Other:</i> <a href="/wiki/Ibalizumab" title="Ibalizumab">Ibalizumab</a> </p> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Chimeric + humanized<br /></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Otelixizumab" title="Otelixizumab">Otelixizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rozanolixizumab" title="Rozanolixizumab">Rozanolixizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sutimlimab" title="Sutimlimab">Sutimlimab</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Interleukin" title="Interleukin">Interleukin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Human</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bermekimab" title="Bermekimab">Bermekimab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazikumab" title="Brazikumab">Brazikumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Briakinumab" title="Briakinumab">Briakinumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canakinumab" title="Canakinumab">Canakinumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fezakinumab" title="Fezakinumab">Fezakinumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fletikumab" title="Fletikumab">Fletikumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guselkumab" title="Guselkumab">Guselkumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secukinumab" title="Secukinumab">Secukinumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sirukumab" title="Sirukumab">Sirukumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tralokinumab" title="Tralokinumab">Tralokinumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ustekinumab" title="Ustekinumab">Ustekinumab</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Humanized</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anrukinzumab" title="Anrukinzumab">Anrukinzumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bimekizumab" title="Bimekizumab">Bimekizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clazakizumab" title="Clazakizumab">Clazakizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gevokizumab" title="Gevokizumab">Gevokizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ixekizumab" title="Ixekizumab">Ixekizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirikizumab" title="Mirikizumab">Mirikizumab</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebrikizumab" title="Lebrikizumab">Lebrikizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olokizumab" title="Olokizumab">Olokizumab</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perakizumab" title="Perakizumab">Perakizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Risankizumab" title="Risankizumab">Risankizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spesolimab" title="Spesolimab">Spesolimab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tildrakizumab" title="Tildrakizumab">Tildrakizumab</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Veterinary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lokivetmab" title="Lokivetmab">Lokivetmab</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%">Inflammatory <a href="/wiki/Lesion" title="Lesion">lesions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Mouse" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Mouse</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Besilesomab" title="Besilesomab">Besilesomab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technetium_(99mTc)_fanolesomab" title="Technetium (99mTc) fanolesomab">Fanolesomab</a><sup>‡</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lemalesomab" title="Lemalesomab">Lemalesomab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technetium_(99mTc)_sulesomab" title="Technetium (99mTc) sulesomab">Sulesomab</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;;background: transparent; padding: 0px;"><div><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><sup>#</sup><a href="/wiki/WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines" title="WHO Model List of Essential Medicines">WHO-EM</a></li> <li><sup>‡</sup><a href="/wiki/List_of_withdrawn_drugs" title="List of withdrawn drugs">Withdrawn</a> from market</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinical_trial" title="Clinical trial">Clinical trials</a>: <ul><li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Phases_of_clinical_research#Phase_III" title="Phases of clinical research">Phase III</a></li> <li><sup>§</sup>Never to phase III</li></ul></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output 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