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<span>Geology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ecology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ecology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Ecology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ecology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Prehistory" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prehistory"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Prehistory</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prehistory-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spanish_exploration_and_control" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spanish_exploration_and_control"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Spanish exploration and control</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spanish_exploration_and_control-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Loss_from_Spain_and_split_in_governance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Loss_from_Spain_and_split_in_governance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Loss from Spain and split in governance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Loss_from_Spain_and_split_in_governance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-World_War_II" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#World_War_II"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>World War II</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-World_War_II-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-World_War_II" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-World_War_II"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Post-World War II</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post-World_War_II-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-List_of_islands" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_islands"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>List of islands</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-List_of_islands-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Tourism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cuisine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cuisine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Cuisine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cuisine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Mariana Islands</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 78 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-78" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">78 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mariana-eilande" title="Mariana-eilande – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Mariana-eilande" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marianen" title="Marianen – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Marianen" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B2%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7" title="جزر الماريانا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جزر الماريانا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islles_Marianes" title="Islles Marianes – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Islles Marianes" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marian_adalar%C4%B1" title="Marian adaları – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Marian adaları" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mariana_K%C3%BBn-t%C3%B3" title="Mariana Kûn-tó – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Mariana Kûn-tó" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8B" title="Марыянскія астравы – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Марыянскія астравы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Мариански острови – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Мариански острови" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marijanska_ostrva" title="Marijanska ostrva – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Marijanska ostrva" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inizi_Mariana" title="Inizi Mariana – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Inizi Mariana" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illes_Mariannes" title="Illes Mariannes – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Illes Mariannes" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mariana_Islands" title="Mariana Islands – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Mariana Islands" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mariany" title="Mariany – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Mariany" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ch mw-list-item"><a href="https://ch.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islas_Mari%C3%A5nas" title="Islas Mariånas – Chamorro" lang="ch" hreflang="ch" data-title="Islas Mariånas" data-language-autonym="Chamoru" data-language-local-name="Chamorro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chamoru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ynysoedd_Mariana" title="Ynysoedd Mariana – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Ynysoedd Mariana" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marianerne" title="Marianerne – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Marianerne" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marianen" title="Marianen – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Marianen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mariaanid" title="Mariaanid – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Mariaanid" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islas_Marianas" title="Islas Marianas – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Islas Marianas" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marianoj" title="Marianoj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Marianoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marianak" title="Marianak – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Marianak" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B2%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7" title="جزایر ماریانا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جزایر ماریانا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marianoyggjar" title="Marianoyggjar – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Marianoyggjar" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Eles_Mariannes" title="Îles Mariannes – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Îles Mariannes" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Na_hOile%C3%A1in_Mh%C3%A1irianacha" title="Na hOileáin Mháirianacha – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Na hOileáin Mháirianacha" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illas_Marianas" title="Illas Marianas – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Illas Marianas" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A7%88%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84%EB%82%98_%EC%A0%9C%EB%8F%84" title="마리아나 제도 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="마리아나 제도" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%AF%D5%B2%D5%A6%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Մարիանյան կղզիներ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մարիանյան կղզիներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B9" title="मारियाना द्वीपसमूह – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मारियाना द्वीपसमूह" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marijanski_otoci" title="Marijanski otoci – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Marijanski otoci" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mariani" title="Mariani – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Mariani" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kepulauan_Mariana" title="Kepulauan Mariana – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kepulauan Mariana" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar%C3%ADanaeyjar" title="Maríanaeyjar – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Maríanaeyjar" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isole_Marianne" title="Isole Marianne – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Isole Marianne" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%99%D7%99_%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%94" title="איי מריאנה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="איי מריאנה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%99%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9C%E1%83%AB%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="მარიანას კუნძულები – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მარიანას კუნძულები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Мариана аралдары – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Мариана аралдары" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visiwa_vya_Mariana" title="Visiwa vya Mariana – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Visiwa vya Mariana" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Мариана аралдары – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Мариана аралдары" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insulae_Mariannae" title="Insulae Mariannae – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Insulae Mariannae" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marianas_salas" title="Marianas salas – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Marianas salas" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marian%C5%B3_salos" title="Marianų salos – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Marianų salos" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mariana-szigetek" title="Mariana-szigetek – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Mariana-szigetek" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%9E%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Маријански Острови – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Маријански Острови" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kepulauan_Mariana" title="Kepulauan Mariana – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kepulauan Mariana" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%83%D0%B4" title="Марианы арлууд – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Марианы арлууд" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marianen" title="Marianen – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Marianen" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9E%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A2%E3%83%8A%E8%AB%B8%E5%B3%B6" title="マリアナ諸島 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="マリアナ諸島" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mariaanen" title="Mariaanen – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Mariaanen" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marianene" title="Marianene – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Marianene" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marianane" title="Marianane – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Marianane" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illas_Marianas" title="Illas Marianas – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Illas Marianas" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mariana_orollari" title="Mariana orollari – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Mariana orollari" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islanan_Mariana" title="Islanan Mariana – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Islanan Mariana" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mariany" title="Mariany – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Mariany" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilhas_Marianas" title="Ilhas Marianas – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ilhas Marianas" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insulele_Mariane" title="Insulele Mariane – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Insulele Mariane" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Марианские острова – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Марианские острова" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mariana_Islands" title="Mariana Islands – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Mariana Islands" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mariana_Islands" title="Mariana Islands – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Mariana Islands" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mari%C3%A1ny" title="Mariány – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Mariány" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marijansko_oto%C4%8Dje" title="Marijansko otočje – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Marijansko otočje" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Маријанска острва – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Маријанска острва" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marijanski_otoci" title="Marijanski otoci – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Marijanski otoci" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mariaanit" title="Mariaanit – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Mariaanit" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marianerna" title="Marianerna – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Marianerna" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapuluang_Mariana" title="Kapuluang Mariana – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Kapuluang Mariana" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BE_%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="மரியானா தீவுகள் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மரியானா தீவுகள்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D1%83%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Мариан утраулары – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Мариан утраулары" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2" title="หมู่เกาะมาเรียนา – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="หมู่เกาะมาเรียนา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%B6%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D2%B3%D0%BE%D0%B8_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Ҷазираҳои Мариана – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ҷазираҳои Мариана" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mariana_Tak%C4%B1madalar%C4%B1" title="Mariana Takımadaları – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Mariana Takımadaları" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%96%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Маріанські острови – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Маріанські острови" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qu%E1%BA%A7n_%C4%91%E1%BA%A3o_Mariana" title="Quần đảo Mariana – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Quần đảo Mariana" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapuropod-an_Mariana" title="Kapuropod-an Mariana – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Kapuropod-an Mariana" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E9%87%8C%E4%BA%9A%E7%BA%B3%E7%BE%A4%E5%B2%9B" title="马里亚纳群岛 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="马里亚纳群岛" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E9%87%8C%E4%BA%9E%E7%B4%8D%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" title="馬里亞納群島 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="馬里亞納群島" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E9%87%8C%E4%BA%9A%E7%BA%B3%E7%BE%A4%E5%B2%9B" title="马里亚纳群岛 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="马里亚纳群岛" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div 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href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Mariana_Islands&params=16.70_N_145.78_E_type:isle"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">16°42′N</span> <span class="longitude">145°47′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">16.70°N 145.78°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">16.70; 145.78</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Marianas&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Marianas">Marianas</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Archipelago in the Pacific Ocean</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For unincorporated and organized U.S. territory, see <a href="/wiki/Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Mariana Islands</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129712854">.mw-parser-output .ib-islands-title-embed{background-color:#efefef;font-weight:bold;padding:0.3em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-islands-nick,.mw-parser-output .ib-islands-native{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .ib-islands-native>div{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-islands .infobox-header{background-color:#efefef}.mw-parser-output .ib-islands-country{border-top:1px solid black;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-islands-country2{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-islands .infobox-below{text-align:left;border-top:#aaa 1px solid}</style><table class="infobox ib-islands vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Mariana Islands</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_Mariana_Islands_volcanoes.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Map_Mariana_Islands_volcanoes.gif/260px-Map_Mariana_Islands_volcanoes.gif" decoding="async" width="260" height="395" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Map_Mariana_Islands_volcanoes.gif/390px-Map_Mariana_Islands_volcanoes.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/94/Map_Mariana_Islands_volcanoes.gif 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="608" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">The Mariana Islands are shown, with the territory of <a href="/wiki/Guam" title="Guam">Guam</a> to the extreme south, and the Commonwealth of the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Mariana Islands</a> (14 islands) to the north. Active volcanoes are shown with triangles.</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 250px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="250" data-height="200" data-zoom="7" data-overlays="["_9d0ed2ba82cec26cda07a6ee8c471a5074350f42"]"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,7,a,a,250x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Mariana_Islands&revid=1260734362&groups=_9d0ed2ba82cec26cda07a6ee8c471a5074350f42" width="250" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,7,a,a,250x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Mariana_Islands&revid=1260734362&groups=_9d0ed2ba82cec26cda07a6ee8c471a5074350f42 2x" alt="Map" /></a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Geography</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data">Pacific Ocean</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Coordinates</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Mariana_Islands&params=16.70_N_145.78_E_type:isle"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">16°42′N</span> <span class="longitude">145°47′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">16.70°N 145.78°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">16.70; 145.78</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Administration</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div><b>United States<br /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Mariana Islands</a> (U.S.)<br /><a href="/wiki/Guam" title="Guam">Guam</a> (U.S.)</span></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Mariana Islands</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˌ/: secondary stress follows">ˌ</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/ær/: 'arr' in 'marry'">ær</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/ɑː/: 'a' in 'father'">ɑː</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">MARR</span>-ee-<span style="font-size:90%">AH</span>-nə</i></a>; <a href="/wiki/Chamorro_language" title="Chamorro language">Chamorro</a>: <i lang="ch">Manislan Mariånas</i>), also simply <b>the Marianas</b>, are a crescent-shaped <a href="/wiki/Archipelago" title="Archipelago">archipelago</a> comprising the summits of fifteen longitudinally oriented, mostly <a href="/wiki/Volcano#Dormant_and_reactivated" title="Volcano">dormant volcanic</a> mountains in the northwestern <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Ocean" title="Pacific Ocean">Pacific Ocean</a>, between the <a href="/wiki/12th_parallel_north" title="12th parallel north">12th</a> and <a href="/wiki/21st_parallel_north" title="21st parallel north">21st parallels north</a> and along the <a href="/wiki/145th_meridian_east" title="145th meridian east">145th meridian east</a>. They lie south-southeast of Japan, west-southwest of <a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a>, north of <a href="/wiki/New_Guinea" title="New Guinea">New Guinea</a>, and east of the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>, demarcating the <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Sea" title="Philippine Sea">Philippine Sea</a>'s eastern limit. They are found in the northern part of the western <a href="/wiki/Oceania" title="Oceania">Oceanic</a> sub-region of <a href="/wiki/Micronesia" title="Micronesia">Micronesia</a>, and are politically divided into two jurisdictions of the United States: the Commonwealth of the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Mariana Islands</a> and, at the southern end of the chain, the territory of <a href="/wiki/Guam" title="Guam">Guam</a>. The islands were named after the influential Spanish queen <a href="/wiki/Mariana_of_Austria" title="Mariana of Austria">Mariana of Austria</a> following their colonization in the 17th century. </p><p>The indigenous inhabitants are the <a href="/wiki/Chamorro_people" title="Chamorro people">Chamorro people</a>. Archaeologists in 2013 reported findings which indicated that the people who first settled the Marianas arrived there after making what may have been at the time the longest uninterrupted ocean voyage in human history. They further reported findings which suggested that <a href="/wiki/Tinian" class="mw-redirect" title="Tinian">Tinian</a> is likely to have been the first island in Oceania to have been settled by humans.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Spanish expeditions, beginning with one by Portuguese explorer <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Magellan" title="Ferdinand Magellan">Ferdinand Magellan</a> in the early 16th century, were the first Europeans to arrive; eventually, Spain annexed and colonized the archipelago, establishing their capital on the largest island, Guam. The Marianas were the first islands Magellan encountered after traversing the Pacific from the southern tip of South America. The fruits found there saved the survivors from <a href="/wiki/Scurvy" title="Scurvy">scurvy</a>, which had already killed dozens of crewmembers. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mariana_Islands&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Philippine_Sea_location.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Philippine_Sea_location.jpg/400px-Philippine_Sea_location.jpg" decoding="async" width="400" height="333" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Philippine_Sea_location.jpg/600px-Philippine_Sea_location.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/61/Philippine_Sea_location.jpg 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="625" /></a><figcaption>Geology of the west Pacific in the area of the Mariana Islands. The Mariana Islands are at map-right, east of the Philippine Sea and just west of the <a href="/wiki/Mariana_Trench" title="Mariana Trench">Mariana Trench</a> in the ocean floor.</figcaption></figure><p>The Mariana Islands are the southern part of a submerged <a href="/wiki/Mountain_range" title="Mountain range">mountain range</a> that extends 1,565 miles (2,519 km) from Guam to near Japan. Geographically, the Marianas are part of a larger region called <a href="/wiki/Micronesia" title="Micronesia">Micronesia</a>, situated between <a href="/wiki/13th_parallel_north" title="13th parallel north">13°</a> and <a href="/wiki/21st_parallel_north" title="21st parallel north">21°N</a> latitude and <a href="/wiki/144th_meridian_east" title="144th meridian east">144°</a> and <a href="/wiki/146th_meridian_east" title="146th meridian east">146°E</a> longitude. </p><p>The Mariana Islands have a total land area of 1,008 km<sup>2</sup> (389 sq mi).<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They are composed of two administrative units: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guam" title="Guam">Guam</a>, a <a href="/wiki/United_States_territory" class="mw-redirect" title="United States territory">United States territory</a></li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Mariana Islands</a> (including the islands of <a href="/wiki/Saipan" class="mw-redirect" title="Saipan">Saipan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tinian" class="mw-redirect" title="Tinian">Tinian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rota_(island)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rota (island)">Rota</a>), which make up a <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_(U.S._insular_area)" title="Commonwealth (U.S. insular area)">Commonwealth of the United States</a>.</li></ul> <p>The island chain geographically consists of two subgroups, a northern group of ten volcanic main islands, all are currently uninhabited; and a southern group of five coralline limestone islands (Rota, Guam, <a href="/wiki/Aguijan" class="mw-redirect" title="Aguijan">Aguijan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tinian" class="mw-redirect" title="Tinian">Tinian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Saipan" class="mw-redirect" title="Saipan">Saipan</a>), all inhabited except Aguijan. In the northern volcanic group a maximum elevation of about 2,700 feet (820 m) is reached; there are craters showing signs of activity, and earthquakes are not uncommon. Coral reefs fringe the coasts of the southern isles, which are of slight elevation. </p><p>The lowest point on the Earth's crust, the <a href="/wiki/Mariana_Trench" title="Mariana Trench">Mariana Trench</a>, is near the islands and is named after them. </p><p>The majority of islands in the Marianas still retain their indigenous names ending in the letters -an; for example, <a href="/wiki/Guam" title="Guam">Guahan</a> (the indigenous name of Guam), <a href="/wiki/Agrigan" title="Agrigan">Agrigan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Agrihan" title="Agrihan">Agrihan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aguihan" class="mw-redirect" title="Aguihan">Aguihan</a>/Aguigan, <a href="/wiki/Pagan_(island)" title="Pagan (island)">Pagan</a>, Sarigan, <a href="/wiki/Saipan" class="mw-redirect" title="Saipan">Saipan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tinian" class="mw-redirect" title="Tinian">Tinian</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geology">Geology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mariana_Islands&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Geology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The islands are part of a <a href="/wiki/Structural_geology" title="Structural geology">geologic structure</a> known as the <a href="/wiki/Izu%E2%80%93Bonin%E2%80%93Mariana_Arc" title="Izu–Bonin–Mariana Arc">Izu–Bonin–Mariana Arc</a> system, and range in age from 5 million years old in the north to 30 million years old in the south (Guam). The island chain arose as a result of the western edge of the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Plate" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacific Plate">Pacific Plate</a> moving westward and plunging downward below the <a href="/wiki/Mariana_plate" title="Mariana plate">Mariana plate</a>, a region which is the most volcanically active convergent plate boundary on Earth. This <a href="/wiki/Subduction" title="Subduction">subduction</a> region, just east of the island chain, forms the noted <a href="/wiki/Mariana_Trench" title="Mariana Trench">Mariana Trench</a>, the deepest part of the Earth's oceans and lowest part of the surface of the Earth's crust. In this region, according to geologic theory, water trapped in the extensive faulting of the Pacific Plate as <a href="/wiki/Serpentinite" title="Serpentinite">serpentinite</a>, is heated by the higher temperatures of depth during its subduction, the pressure from the expanding steam results in the hydrothermal activity in the area and the volcanic activity which formed the Mariana Islands.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ecology">Ecology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mariana_Islands&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Ecology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox" style="width:25em;line-height:1.5em;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color:#cde5b2;">Marianas tropical dry forests</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Suicide_Cliff_in_Saipan_3.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Suicide_Cliff_in_Saipan_3.JPG/272px-Suicide_Cliff_in_Saipan_3.JPG" decoding="async" width="272" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Suicide_Cliff_in_Saipan_3.JPG/408px-Suicide_Cliff_in_Saipan_3.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Suicide_Cliff_in_Saipan_3.JPG/544px-Suicide_Cliff_in_Saipan_3.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1080" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Tropical dry forest on <a href="/wiki/Saipan" class="mw-redirect" title="Saipan">Saipan</a></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#cde5b2;">Ecology</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Biogeographic_realm" title="Biogeographic realm">Realm</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Oceanian_realm" title="Oceanian realm">Oceanian</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Biome" title="Biome">Biome</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tropical_and_subtropical_dry_broadleaf_forests" title="Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests">Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Bird species</th><td class="infobox-data">59<sup id="cite_ref-Atlas_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Atlas-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mammal species</th><td class="infobox-data">2<sup id="cite_ref-Atlas_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Atlas-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#cde5b2;">Geography</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Area</th><td class="infobox-data">1,036 km<sup>2</sup> (400 sq mi)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data">United States</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Territories</th><td class="infobox-data">Guam and the Northern Mariana Islands</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#cde5b2;">Conservation</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Ecoregion_conservation_status" title="Ecoregion conservation status">Conservation status</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Critical/Endangered<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Habitat loss</th><td class="infobox-data">76.8%<sup id="cite_ref-Atlas_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Atlas-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Protected</th><td class="infobox-data">1.11%<sup id="cite_ref-Atlas_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Atlas-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Marianas_tropical_dry_forests" title="Marianas tropical dry forests">Marianas tropical dry forests</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_endemic_plants_in_the_Mariana_Islands" title="List of endemic plants in the Mariana Islands">List of endemic plants in the Mariana Islands</a>, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_mammals_of_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="List of mammals of the Northern Mariana Islands">List of mammals of the Northern Mariana Islands</a></div> <p>All the islands, except <a href="/wiki/Farallon_de_Medinilla" title="Farallon de Medinilla">Farallon de Medinilla</a> and <a href="/wiki/Uracas" class="mw-redirect" title="Uracas">Uracas</a> or <a href="/wiki/Farallon_de_Pajaros" title="Farallon de Pajaros">Farallon de Pajaros</a> (in the northern group), are more or less densely <a href="/wiki/Marianas_tropical_dry_forests" title="Marianas tropical dry forests">forested</a>, and the vegetation is dense, much resembling that of the <a href="/wiki/Caroline_Islands" title="Caroline Islands">Carolines</a> and also of the Philippines, from where species of plants have been introduced. Owing to the moistness of the soil <a href="/wiki/Cryptogams" class="mw-redirect" title="Cryptogams">cryptogams</a> are numerous, as are also most kinds of grasses. On most of the islands there is a plentiful supply of water. </p><p>The fauna of the Marianas, though inferior in number and variety, is similar in character to that of the <a href="/wiki/Caroline_Islands" title="Caroline Islands">Carolines</a> and certain species are indigenous to both island groups. The climate though damp is healthy, while the heat, being tempered by the <a href="/wiki/Trade_wind" class="mw-redirect" title="Trade wind">trade winds</a>, is milder than that of the Philippines; the variations of temperature are not great. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mariana_Islands&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prehistory">Prehistory</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mariana_Islands&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Prehistory"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Micronesia_navigation" class="mw-redirect" title="Micronesia navigation">Micronesia navigation</a></div> <p>The islands are part of a <a href="/wiki/Geology" title="Geology">geologic</a> structure known as the <a href="/wiki/Izu%E2%80%93Bonin%E2%80%93Mariana_Arc" title="Izu–Bonin–Mariana Arc">Izu–Bonin–Mariana Arc</a> system and range in age from 5 million years old in the north to 30 million years old in the south (Guam). The islands are formed as the highly dense and very old western edge of the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Plate" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacific Plate">Pacific Plate</a> plunges downward to form the floor of the <a href="/wiki/Mariana_Trench" title="Mariana Trench">Mariana Trench</a> and carries trapped water under the Mariana plate as it does so. This water is super-heated as the plate is carried farther downward and results in the volcanic activity which has formed the arc of Mariana Islands above this <a href="/wiki/Subduction" title="Subduction">subduction</a> region. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chronological_dispersal_of_Austronesian_people_across_the_Pacific.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Chronological_dispersal_of_Austronesian_people_across_the_Pacific.svg/330px-Chronological_dispersal_of_Austronesian_people_across_the_Pacific.svg.png" decoding="async" width="330" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Chronological_dispersal_of_Austronesian_people_across_the_Pacific.svg/495px-Chronological_dispersal_of_Austronesian_people_across_the_Pacific.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Chronological_dispersal_of_Austronesian_people_across_the_Pacific.svg/660px-Chronological_dispersal_of_Austronesian_people_across_the_Pacific.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1053" data-file-height="425" /></a><figcaption>Map showing the <a href="/wiki/Neolithic" title="Neolithic">Neolithic</a> <a href="/wiki/Austronesian_peoples" title="Austronesian peoples">Austronesian migrations</a> into the islands of the <a href="/wiki/Indo-Pacific" title="Indo-Pacific">Indo-Pacific</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The Mariana Islands were the first islands settled by humans in <a href="/wiki/Remote_Oceania" title="Remote Oceania">Remote Oceania</a>. Incidentally it is also the first and the longest of the ocean-crossing voyages of the <a href="/wiki/Austronesian_peoples" title="Austronesian peoples">Austronesian peoples</a> into Remote Oceania, and is separate from the later <a href="/wiki/Polynesian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Polynesian people">Polynesian</a> settlement of the rest of Remote Oceania. They were first settled around 1500 to 1400 BCE by migrants departing from the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Hung_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hung-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Zotomayor_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zotomayor-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Archeological studies of human activity on the islands have revealed pottery with red-slipped, circle-stamped and punctate-stamped designs found in the Mariana Islands dating from between 1500 and 1400 BC. These artifacts show similar aesthetics to pottery found in Northern and Central Philippines, particularly Nagsabaran (<a href="/wiki/Cagayan_Valley" title="Cagayan Valley">Cagayan Valley</a>) pottery, which flourished during the period between 2000 and 1300 BC.<sup id="cite_ref-Hung_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hung-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Comparative and historical linguistics also indicate that the <a href="/wiki/Chamorro_language" title="Chamorro language">Chamorro language</a> is most closely related to the <a href="/wiki/Philippine_languages" title="Philippine languages">Philippine</a> subfamily of the <a href="/wiki/Austronesian_languages" title="Austronesian languages">Austronesian languages</a>, instead of the <a href="/wiki/Oceanic_languages" title="Oceanic languages">Oceanic</a> subfamily of the languages found in the rest of Remote Oceania.<sup id="cite_ref-Hung_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hung-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-carson2012_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-carson2012-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Guma_Taga_ruins,_pre-1902.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Guma_Taga_ruins%2C_pre-1902.jpg/220px-Guma_Taga_ruins%2C_pre-1902.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Guma_Taga_ruins%2C_pre-1902.jpg/330px-Guma_Taga_ruins%2C_pre-1902.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Guma_Taga_ruins%2C_pre-1902.jpg/440px-Guma_Taga_ruins%2C_pre-1902.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="763" /></a><figcaption>Ruins of <a href="/wiki/Guma_Taga" class="mw-redirect" title="Guma Taga">Guma Taga</a> on Tinian. The pillars/columns are called latte (pronounced læ'di) stones, a common architectural element of prehistoric structures in the Mariana Islands, upon which elevated buildings were built. Earthquakes had toppled the other latte at this site by the time this photo was taken; an earthquake in 1902 toppled the one seen on the left, and today only the one on the right remains standing.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Human_mitochondrial_genetics" title="Human mitochondrial genetics">Mitochondrial DNA</a> and <a href="/wiki/Whole_genome_sequencing" title="Whole genome sequencing">whole genome sequencing</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Chamorro_people" title="Chamorro people">Chamorro people</a> strongly support an ancestry from the Philippines. Genetic analysis of pre-<a href="/wiki/Latte_stone" title="Latte stone"><i>Latte</i> period</a> skeletons in Guam also show that they do not have <a href="/wiki/Australo-Melanesians" class="mw-redirect" title="Australo-Melanesians">Australo-Melanesian</a> ("Papuan") ancestry, which rules out origins from the <a href="/wiki/Bismarck_Archipelago" title="Bismarck Archipelago">Bismarck Archipelago</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Guinea" title="New Guinea">New Guinea</a>, and eastern <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Lapita_culture" title="Lapita culture">Lapita culture</a> itself (the ancestral branch of the Polynesian migrations) is younger than the first settlement of the Marianas (the earliest Lapita artifacts are dated to around 1350 to 1300 BCE), indicating that they originated from separate migration voyages.<sup id="cite_ref-Pugach_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pugach-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Vilar_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vilar-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nevertheless, DNA analyses also show close genetic relationships between ancient settlers of the Marianas and early Lapita settlers in the <a href="/wiki/Bismarck_Archipelago" title="Bismarck Archipelago">Bismarck Archipelago</a>. This may indicate that both the Lapita culture and the Marianas were settled from direct migrations from the Philippines, or that early settlers from the Marianas voyaged further southwards into the Bismarcks and reconnected with the Lapita people.<sup id="cite_ref-Pugach_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pugach-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Marianas also later established contact with and received migrations from the <a href="/wiki/Caroline_Islands" title="Caroline Islands">Caroline Islands</a> at around the first millennium CE. This brought new pottery styles, languages, genes, and the hybrid Polynesian <a href="/wiki/Breadfruit" title="Breadfruit">breadfruit</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Peterson_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Peterson-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The period 900 to 1700 CE of the Marianas, immediately before and during the Spanish colonization, is known as the <a href="/wiki/Latte_stone" title="Latte stone"><i>Latte</i> period</a>. It is characterized by rapid cultural change, most notably by the massive <a href="/wiki/Megalithic" class="mw-redirect" title="Megalithic">megalithic</a> <i>latte</i> stones (also spelled <i>latde</i> or <i>latti</i>). These were composed of the <i>haligi</i> pillars capped with another stone called <i>tasa</i> (which prevented rodents from climbing the posts). These served as supports for the rest of the structure which was made of wood. Remains of structures made with similar wooden posts have also been found. Human graves have also been found in front of <i>latte</i> structures, The <i>Latte</i> period was also characterized by the introduction of <a href="/wiki/Rice" title="Rice">rice</a> agriculture, which is unique in the pre-contact <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacific Islands">Pacific Islands</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Laguana_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Laguana-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The reasons for these changes is still unclear, but it is believed that it may have resulted from a third wave of migrants from <a href="/wiki/Island_Southeast_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="Island Southeast Asia">Island Southeast Asia</a>. Comparisons with other architectural traditions makes it likely that this third migration wave were again from the Philippines, or from eastern <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> (either <a href="/wiki/Sulawesi" title="Sulawesi">Sulawesi</a> or <a href="/wiki/Sumba" title="Sumba">Sumba</a>), all of which have a tradition of raised buildings with capstones. The word <i>haligi</i> ("pillar") is also used in various languages throughout the Philippines; while the Chamorro word <i>guma</i> ("house") closely resembles the Sumba word <i>uma</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Laguana_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Laguana-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Spanish_exploration_and_control">Spanish exploration and control</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mariana_Islands&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Spanish exploration and control"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Spanish-Chamorro_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish-Chamorro Wars">Spanish-Chamorro Wars</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Reception_of_the_Manila_Galleon_by_the_Chamorro_in_the_Ladrones_Islands,_ca._1590.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Reception_of_the_Manila_Galleon_by_the_Chamorro_in_the_Ladrones_Islands%2C_ca._1590.jpg/350px-Reception_of_the_Manila_Galleon_by_the_Chamorro_in_the_Ladrones_Islands%2C_ca._1590.jpg" decoding="async" width="350" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Reception_of_the_Manila_Galleon_by_the_Chamorro_in_the_Ladrones_Islands%2C_ca._1590.jpg/525px-Reception_of_the_Manila_Galleon_by_the_Chamorro_in_the_Ladrones_Islands%2C_ca._1590.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Reception_of_the_Manila_Galleon_by_the_Chamorro_in_the_Ladrones_Islands%2C_ca._1590.jpg/700px-Reception_of_the_Manila_Galleon_by_the_Chamorro_in_the_Ladrones_Islands%2C_ca._1590.jpg 2x" data-file-width="937" data-file-height="298" /></a><figcaption>Reception of the <a href="/wiki/Manila_galleon" title="Manila galleon">Manila Galleon</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Chamorro_people" title="Chamorro people">Chamorro</a> in the Ladrones Islands, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1590</span> <a href="/wiki/Boxer_Codex" title="Boxer Codex">Boxer Codex</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The first Europeans to see the island group were a Spanish expedition, who on March 6, 1521, observed a string of islands and sailed between two of them during a <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Magellan%E2%80%93Elcano_circumnavigation" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of the Magellan–Elcano circumnavigation">Spanish expedition of world circumnavigation</a> under the command of <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Magellan" title="Ferdinand Magellan">Ferdinand Magellan</a>. Historically, the southern village of <a href="/wiki/Umatac,_Guam" class="mw-redirect" title="Umatac, Guam">Umatac, Guam</a> has been credited as the site of the Spanish landing. As confirmation, a scholarly study of the navigator's diary, now kept in preservation in the <a href="/wiki/Philippine" class="mw-redirect" title="Philippine">Philippines</a>, revealed a drawing of the islands with a tiny island to the south of a much larger island above it. The described placement of the islands confirms that Magellan had actually sailed between Guam and <a href="/wiki/Cocos_Island_(Guam)" title="Cocos Island (Guam)">Cocos Island</a>, and not Guam and <a href="/wiki/Rota_(island)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rota (island)">Rota</a>, as some originally thought, especially since the northern areas of Guam do not have safe coves or harbors to anchor.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Moreover, the waters of Northern Guam are often rougher and the currents are even more treacherous in comparison to the safer coves and currents seen by the southwestern side of Guam.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Regardless of where they landed, the Spanish ships arrived in Guam and were unable to get fresh food as the inhabitants, <a href="/wiki/Chamorro_people" title="Chamorro people">Chamorros</a>, "entered the ships and stole whatever they could lay their hands on", including "the small boat that was fastened to the poop of the flagship", according to Spanish crewman Antonio Pigafetta.<sup id="cite_ref-Nowell_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nowell-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 129">: 129 </span></sup> The Spanish crew, in retaliation, attacked the Chamorros and dubbed the islands <b>Islas de los Ladrones</b> (Islands of the Thieves). Wrote Pigafetta, "Those people are poor, but ingenious and very thievish, on account of which we called those three islands the islands of Ladrones."<sup id="cite_ref-Nowell_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nowell-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 131">: 131 </span></sup> Pigafetta writes, </p> <blockquote><p>And the captain-general wished to approach the largest of these three islands to replenish his provisions. But it was not possible, for the people of those islands entered the ships and robbed us so that we could not protect ourselves from them. And when we wished to strike and take in the sails so as to land, they stole very quickly the small boat called a skiff which was fastened to the poop of the captain's ship. At which he, being very angry, went ashore with forty armed men. And burning some forty or fifty houses with several boats and killing seven men of the said island, they recovered their skiff.</p></blockquote> <p>Pigafetta also described the boats the inhabitants used, including the sail shaped like a "lateen sail" (actually the <a href="/wiki/Crab_claw_sail" title="Crab claw sail">crab claw sail</a>), hence the name <b>Islas de las Velas Latinas</b> (Islands of the <a href="/wiki/Lateen_sail" class="mw-redirect" title="Lateen sail">Lateen Sails</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-Nowell_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nowell-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 131">: 131 </span></sup> the name used as Magellan claimed them for the Spanish crown. San Lazarus archipelago, Jardines ('gardens') and Prazeres are among the names applied to them by later navigators. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Estampilla_espa%C3%B1ola_de_las_Islas_Marianas_5_cent_1898-99.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Estampilla_espa%C3%B1ola_de_las_Islas_Marianas_5_cent_1898-99.jpg/100px-Estampilla_espa%C3%B1ola_de_las_Islas_Marianas_5_cent_1898-99.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Estampilla_espa%C3%B1ola_de_las_Islas_Marianas_5_cent_1898-99.jpg/150px-Estampilla_espa%C3%B1ola_de_las_Islas_Marianas_5_cent_1898-99.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Estampilla_espa%C3%B1ola_de_las_Islas_Marianas_5_cent_1898-99.jpg/200px-Estampilla_espa%C3%B1ola_de_las_Islas_Marianas_5_cent_1898-99.jpg 2x" data-file-width="378" data-file-height="442" /></a><figcaption>A stamp from the Marianas' late Spanish colonial period, 1898–1899</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1667, <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Empire" title="Spanish Empire">Spain</a> formally claimed them, established a regular <a href="/wiki/Colony" title="Colony">colony</a> there and in 1668 gave the islands the official title of <i>Las Marianas</i>, in honor of Spanish Queen <a href="/wiki/Mariana_of_Austria" title="Mariana of Austria">Mariana of Austria</a>, widow of <a href="/wiki/Philip_IV_of_Spain" title="Philip IV of Spain">King Philip IV of Spain</a> and Queen Regent of the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Empire" title="Spanish Empire">Spanish Empire</a> ruling during the minority of her son <a href="/wiki/Charles_II_of_Spain" title="Charles II of Spain">King Charles II</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They then had a population of more than 50,000 inhabitants. With the arrival of passengers and settlers aboard the <a href="/wiki/Manila_Galleon" class="mw-redirect" title="Manila Galleon">Manila Galleons</a> from the Americas, new <a href="/wiki/Infectious_disease" class="mw-redirect" title="Infectious disease">diseases</a> were introduced in the islands, which caused many deaths in the native <a href="/wiki/Chamorros" class="mw-redirect" title="Chamorros">Chamorro</a> population.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The native population, who referred to themselves as <i>Taotao Tano</i> (people of the land)<sup id="cite_ref-The_Insular_Empire_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Insular_Empire-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but were known to the early Spanish colonists as <i>Chamurres</i> or <i>HachaMori</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> eventually died out as a distinct people, though their descendants intermarried. At the <a href="/wiki/Spanish-Chamorro_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish-Chamorro Wars">Spanish occupation in 1668</a>, the Chamorros were estimated at 50,000, but a century later only 1,800 natives remained, as the majority of the population was of mixed Spanish-Chamorro blood or <a href="/wiki/Mestizo" title="Mestizo">mestizo</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> They were characteristic <a href="/wiki/Micronesians" title="Micronesians">Micronesians</a>, with a considerable civilization. On the island of <a href="/wiki/Tinian" class="mw-redirect" title="Tinian">Tinian</a> are some remains attributed to them, consisting of <a href="/wiki/House_of_Taga" title="House of Taga">two rows of massive square stone columns</a>, about 5 feet 4 inches (1.63 m) broad and 14 feet (4.3 m) high, with heavy, round <a href="/wiki/Capital_(architecture)" title="Capital (architecture)">capitals</a> called <a href="/wiki/Latte_stone" title="Latte stone">latte stones</a>. According to early Spanish accounts <a href="/wiki/Cinerary_urn" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinerary urn">cinerary urns</a> were found embedded in the capitals.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Accuracy_dispute#Disputed_statement" title="Wikipedia:Accuracy dispute"><span title="The material near this tag is possibly inaccurate or nonfactual. (January 2010)">dubious</span></a> – <a href="/wiki/Talk:Mariana_Islands#Dubious" title="Talk:Mariana Islands">discuss</a></i>]</sup> </p><p>When Spanish settlement started on 14 June 1668, they were subordinate to the Mexican colony (soon viceroyalty) of <a href="/wiki/New_Spain" title="New Spain">New Spain</a>, until 1817, when they became subordinated to the <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Philippines_(1565%E2%80%931898)" title="History of the Philippines (1565–1898)">Philippines</a>, as part of the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_East_Indies" title="Spanish East Indies">Spanish East Indies</a>. </p><p>Research in the archipelago was carried out by <a href="/wiki/George_Anson,_1st_Baron_Anson" title="George Anson, 1st Baron Anson">Commodore Anson</a>, who in August 1742 landed upon the island of Tinian.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Ladrones were visited by <a href="/wiki/John_Byron" title="John Byron">Byron</a> in 1765, <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Wallis" title="Samuel Wallis">Wallis</a> in 1767 and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Julien_Crozet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Julien Crozet (page does not exist)">Julien Crozet</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julien_Crozet" class="extiw" title="fr:Julien Crozet">fr</a>]</span> in 1772. </p><p>The Marianas and specifically the island of Guam were a stopover for Spanish galleons en route from <a href="/wiki/Acapulco" title="Acapulco">Acapulco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a> to <a href="/wiki/Manila" title="Manila">Manila</a>, Philippines in a convoy known as the <a href="/wiki/Manila_Galleon" class="mw-redirect" title="Manila Galleon">Galeon de Manila</a>. Following the <a href="/wiki/1872_Cavite_mutiny" title="1872 Cavite mutiny">1872 Cavite mutiny</a>, several <a href="/wiki/Filipino_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Filipino people">Filipinos</a> were exiled to Guam, including the father of <a href="/wiki/Pedro_Paterno" title="Pedro Paterno">Pedro Paterno</a>, Maximo Paterno, Dr. Antonio M. Regidor y Jurado and Jose Maria Basa.<sup id="cite_ref-Foreman_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Foreman-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 107–108">: 107–108 </span></sup> </p><p>The islands were a popular port of call for British and American whaling ships in the 19th century. The first such visit on record was that of the <i> Resource</i> to Guam in October 1799.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The last known visit was made by the American whaler <a href="/wiki/Charles_W._Morgan_(ship)" title="Charles W. Morgan (ship)"><i>Charles W. Morgan</i></a> in February 1904.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Loss_from_Spain_and_split_in_governance">Loss from Spain and split in governance</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mariana_Islands&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Loss from Spain and split in governance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Guam" title="Guam">Guam</a> and <a href="/wiki/Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Mariana Islands</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stamp_Mariana_Islands_1901_20pf.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Stamp_Mariana_Islands_1901_20pf.jpg/100px-Stamp_Mariana_Islands_1901_20pf.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Stamp_Mariana_Islands_1901_20pf.jpg/150px-Stamp_Mariana_Islands_1901_20pf.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Stamp_Mariana_Islands_1901_20pf.jpg/200px-Stamp_Mariana_Islands_1901_20pf.jpg 2x" data-file-width="524" data-file-height="622" /></a><figcaption>A 1901 stamp from the German-era Marianas</figcaption></figure> <p>The Marianas remained a Spanish <a href="/wiki/Colony" title="Colony">colony</a> under the <a href="/wiki/General_government_of_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="General government of the Philippines">general government of the Philippines</a> until 1898, when, as a result of its loss in the <a href="/wiki/Spanish%E2%80%93American_War" title="Spanish–American War">Spanish–American War</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Empire" title="Spanish Empire">Spain</a> ceded <a href="/wiki/Guam" title="Guam">Guam</a> to the United States. Guam has been separate from the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Marianas</a> since this time. Following the <a href="/wiki/Philippine%E2%80%93American_War" title="Philippine–American War">Philippine–American War</a>, <a href="/wiki/Apolinario_Mabini" title="Apolinario Mabini">Apolinario Mabini</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Filipinos" title="Filipinos">Filipino</a> leaders were exiled to Guam in 1901.<sup id="cite_ref-Mabini_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mabini-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: vi">: vi </span></sup> </p><p>Weakened from its defeat in the Spanish–American War, <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Empire" title="Spanish Empire">Spain</a> could no longer effectively control and protect the nearly 6,000 islands it retained throughout <a href="/wiki/Micronesia" title="Micronesia">Micronesia</a>, including the Northern Marianas, <a href="/wiki/Caroline_Islands" title="Caroline Islands">Carolines</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pelew_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Pelew Islands">Pelew Islands</a>. Therefore, Spain entered into the <a href="/wiki/German-Spanish_Treaty_(1899)" class="mw-redirect" title="German-Spanish Treaty (1899)">German-Spanish Treaty of February 12, 1899</a> to sell the Northern Marianas and its other remaining islands to <a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">Germany</a> for 837,500 <a href="/wiki/German_gold_mark" class="mw-redirect" title="German gold mark">German gold marks</a> (about <a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">US$</a>4,100,000 at the time<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>). The Northern Marianas and other island groups were incorporated by Germany as a small part of the larger <a href="/wiki/German_Protectorate_of_New_Guinea" class="mw-redirect" title="German Protectorate of New Guinea">German Protectorate of New Guinea</a>. The total population in the Northern Marianas portion of these islands was only 2,646 inhabitants around this time, with the ten most northerly islands being actively volcanic and thus mostly uninhabited.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Japan, allied with the <a href="/wiki/Triple_Entente" title="Triple Entente">Entente Powers</a> during <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, seized all of Germany's colonial possessions in <a href="/wiki/East_Asia" title="East Asia">East Asia</a> and Micronesia, including the Northern Mariana Islands, and held them through the end of the war. Under the terms of the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Versailles" title="Treaty of Versailles">Treaty of Versailles</a> in 1919, Germany was stripped of all her colonies worldwide, including the Palau, Caroline, Northern Mariana and Marshall Islands. By international agreement, these were all placed into trusteeship under the management of <a href="/wiki/League_of_Nations" title="League of Nations">League of Nations</a> which assigned them to Japan as the Class C <a href="/wiki/South_Seas_Mandate" title="South Seas Mandate">South Seas Mandate</a>. During this time, Japan used some of the islands for <a href="/wiki/Sugarcane" title="Sugarcane">sugarcane</a> production, modestly increasing the population of a few of the islands. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="World_War_II">World War II</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mariana_Islands&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: World War II"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A_member_of_a_Marine_patrol_on_Saipan_found_this_family_of_Japs_hiding_in_a_hillside_cave._The_mother,_four_children_an_-_NARA_-_532380.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/A_member_of_a_Marine_patrol_on_Saipan_found_this_family_of_Japs_hiding_in_a_hillside_cave._The_mother%2C_four_children_an_-_NARA_-_532380.jpg/220px-A_member_of_a_Marine_patrol_on_Saipan_found_this_family_of_Japs_hiding_in_a_hillside_cave._The_mother%2C_four_children_an_-_NARA_-_532380.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/A_member_of_a_Marine_patrol_on_Saipan_found_this_family_of_Japs_hiding_in_a_hillside_cave._The_mother%2C_four_children_an_-_NARA_-_532380.jpg/330px-A_member_of_a_Marine_patrol_on_Saipan_found_this_family_of_Japs_hiding_in_a_hillside_cave._The_mother%2C_four_children_an_-_NARA_-_532380.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/A_member_of_a_Marine_patrol_on_Saipan_found_this_family_of_Japs_hiding_in_a_hillside_cave._The_mother%2C_four_children_an_-_NARA_-_532380.jpg/440px-A_member_of_a_Marine_patrol_on_Saipan_found_this_family_of_Japs_hiding_in_a_hillside_cave._The_mother%2C_four_children_an_-_NARA_-_532380.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2465" /></a><figcaption>U.S. Marine <a href="/wiki/First_Lieutenant" class="mw-redirect" title="First Lieutenant">First Lieutenant</a> <a href="/wiki/Robert_B._Sheeks" title="Robert B. Sheeks">Robert B. Sheeks</a> talks a terrified Chamorro woman and her children into abandoning their refuge. <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Saipan" title="Battle of Saipan">Battle of Saipan</a>, 1944.</figcaption></figure> <p>The island chain saw significant fighting during World War II. <a href="/wiki/Guam" title="Guam">Guam</a>, a possession of the United States since 1898, <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Guam_(1941)" title="Battle of Guam (1941)">was captured</a> by <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Japan</a> in an attack from the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Mariana Islands</a> that began on the day of the Japanese <a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Pearl_Harbor" title="Attack on Pearl Harbor">attack on Pearl Harbor</a> (December 8, 1941, the same time as the Pearl Harbor attack across the International Date Line). In 1944, the United States <a href="/wiki/Mariana_and_Palau_Islands_campaign" title="Mariana and Palau Islands campaign">captured the Mariana Islands chain from Japan</a>: the Northern Mariana Islands were desired by the U.S. as <a href="/wiki/Strategic_bombing" title="Strategic bombing">bombing</a> bases to reach the <a href="/wiki/Mainland_Japan" title="Mainland Japan">Japanese mainland</a>, with the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Saipan" title="Battle of Saipan">invasion of Saipan</a> being launched for that reason in June before the U.S. even moved to recapture Guam; a month later the U.S. <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Guam_(1944)" title="Battle of Guam (1944)">recaptured Guam</a> and <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tinian" title="Battle of Tinian">captured Tinian</a>. Once captured, <a href="/wiki/Saipan" class="mw-redirect" title="Saipan">Saipan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tinian" class="mw-redirect" title="Tinian">Tinian</a>'s islands were used extensively by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_military" class="mw-redirect" title="United States military">United States military</a> as they finally put mainland Japan within a round-trip range of American <a href="/wiki/Boeing_B-29_Superfortress" title="Boeing B-29 Superfortress">B-29 bombers</a>. In response, Japanese forces <a href="/wiki/Japanese_air_attacks_on_the_Mariana_Islands" title="Japanese air attacks on the Mariana Islands">attacked the bases</a> on Saipan and Tinian from November 1944 to February 1945.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the same time and afterwards, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Air_Forces" title="United States Army Air Forces">United States Army Air Forces</a> based on these islands conducted <a href="/wiki/Air_raids_on_Japan" title="Air raids on Japan">an intense strategic bombing campaign</a> against the Japanese cities of military and industrial importance, including <a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Tokyo" title="Bombing of Tokyo">Tokyo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Nagoya_in_World_War_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Bombing of Nagoya in World War II">Nagoya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Osaka" title="Bombing of Osaka">Osaka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Kobe_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Kobe in World War II">Kobe</a>, and others. Both US bombers the <i><a href="/wiki/Enola_Gay" title="Enola Gay">Enola Gay</a></i> and the <i><a href="/wiki/Bockscar" title="Bockscar">Bockscar</a></i> (which <a href="/wiki/Atomic_bombings_of_Hiroshima_and_Nagasaki" title="Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki">dropped atomic bombs</a> on <a href="/wiki/Hiroshima" title="Hiroshima">Hiroshima</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nagasaki" title="Nagasaki">Nagasaki</a>, respectively) flew their missions from Tinian's <a href="/wiki/North_Field_(Tinian)" title="North Field (Tinian)">North Field</a>. </p><p>According to Werner Gruhl: "Mariana Island historians estimate that 10 percent of Guam's approximately 20,000 population were killed by violence, most by the <a href="/wiki/Japanese_Imperial_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese Imperial Army">Japanese Imperial Army</a> and <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Japanese_Navy" title="Imperial Japanese Navy">Navy</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post-World_War_II">Post-World War II</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mariana_Islands&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Post-World War II"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Trust_Territory_of_the_Pacific_Islands" title="Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands">Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands</a></div> <p>The direct result of World War II on the Mariana Islands was that, after the war, the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Mariana Islands</a> came under the control of the United States in the same way they had earlier come under the control of <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Japan</a> after World War I. However, this time they became part of the U.S.-administered <a href="/wiki/Trust_Territory_of_the_Pacific_Islands" title="Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands">Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands</a> (TTPI) established pursuant to <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_21" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 21">Security Council Resolution 21</a>. The Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands later became a <a href="/wiki/United_States_territory" class="mw-redirect" title="United States territory">U.S. territory</a> following its exit from the TTPI pursuant to <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_683" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 683">Security Council Resolution 683</a>. Although now both under U.S. control, the Northern Mariana Islands are separate from <a href="/wiki/Guam" title="Guam">Guam</a>. Efforts at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Unification_of_the_Mariana_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Unification of the Mariana Islands (page does not exist)">reunification</a> have failed in part due to residual post-war tensions resulting from the very different histories of Guam (occupied by Japan for only 31 months, in wartime) and the Northern Mariana Islands (more peacefully occupied by Japan, for about 30 years). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_islands">List of islands</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mariana_Islands&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: List of islands"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:right;"> <tbody><tr> <th align="center">Island name </th> <th align="center">Population </th> <th align="center">Municipality or territory </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Guam" title="Guam">Guam</a> </td> <td>159,358 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Guam" title="Guam">Guam</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Saipan" class="mw-redirect" title="Saipan">Saipan</a> </td> <td>48,220 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Saipan" class="mw-redirect" title="Saipan">Saipan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tinian" class="mw-redirect" title="Tinian">Tinian</a> </td> <td>3,136 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tinian_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Tinian Municipality">Tinian</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Rota_(island)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rota (island)">Rota</a> </td> <td>2,477 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rota_(island)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rota (island)">Rota</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Aguigan" class="mw-redirect" title="Aguigan">Aguigan</a> </td> <td rowspan="12">0 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tinian_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Tinian Municipality">Tinian</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Farallon_de_Pajaros" title="Farallon de Pajaros">Farallon de Pajaros</a> </td> <td rowspan="11"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Islands_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Islands Municipality">Northern Islands</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Maug_Islands" title="Maug Islands">Maug Islands</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Asuncion_Island" title="Asuncion Island">Asuncion</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Agrihan" title="Agrihan">Agrihan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pagan_(island)" title="Pagan (island)">Pagan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Alamagan" title="Alamagan">Alamagan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Guguan" title="Guguan">Guguan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Zealandia_Bank" title="Zealandia Bank">Papaungan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sarigan" title="Sarigan">Sarigan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Anatahan" title="Anatahan">Anatahan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Farallon_de_Medinilla" title="Farallon de Medinilla">Farallon de Medinilla</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tourism">Tourism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mariana_Islands&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Tourism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b>. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mariana_Islands&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2013</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Tourism in the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Marianas</a> is split mainly between <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Filipino</a>, Japanese, American, <a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">Korean</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwanese</a> and Chinese tourists. There are several large tour operators in Saipan that cater to Asian tourists coming into the island. By far, the majority of tourism in the Northern Marianas is in Guam. Several flights a day land in Guam, mostly in the early hours between 1:00 AM and 3:30 AM. With the close of the garment industries in the Northern Marianas, tourism has grown slowly and is now a major part of the <a href="/wiki/Economy" title="Economy">economy</a> of the CNMI.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Amateur radio operators conduct <a href="/wiki/DXpedition" class="mw-redirect" title="DXpedition">DXpeditions</a> to the Islands at intervals. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cuisine">Cuisine</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mariana_Islands&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Cuisine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chamorro_red_rice.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Chamorro_red_rice.png/220px-Chamorro_red_rice.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Chamorro_red_rice.png/330px-Chamorro_red_rice.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Chamorro_red_rice.png/440px-Chamorro_red_rice.png 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>Chamorro red rice</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_the_Mariana_Islands" title="Cuisine of the Mariana Islands">Cuisine of the Mariana Islands</a></div> <p>Common dishes in the Mariana Islands include red rice, meat or poultry on the grill or in coconut milk, chicken <i><a href="/wiki/Kelaguen" title="Kelaguen">kelaguen</a></i>, <i>apigigi</i> (young <a href="/wiki/Coconut" title="Coconut">coconut</a> with <a href="/wiki/Cassava" title="Cassava">cassava</a> paste wrapped in banana leaf),<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and tropical fruits. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mariana_Islands&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_on_the_Mariana_Islands" title="Rail transport on the Mariana Islands">Rail transport on the Mariana Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Prefecture_of_Mariana_Islands" title="Apostolic Prefecture of Mariana Islands">Apostolic Prefecture of Mariana Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_islands" title="Lists of islands">Lists of islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marianas_tropical_dry_forests" title="Marianas tropical dry forests">Marianas tropical dry forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_endemic_plants_in_the_Mariana_Islands" title="List of endemic plants in the Mariana Islands">List of endemic plants in the Mariana Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_birds_of_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="List of birds of the Northern Mariana Islands">List of birds of the Northern Mariana Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mammals_of_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="List of mammals of the Northern Mariana Islands">List of mammals of the Northern Mariana Islands</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mariana_Islands&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mariana_Islands&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="voyage" class="citation news cs1">Zotomayor, Alexie Villegas (11 Mar 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mvariety.com/cnmi/cnmi-news/local/54274-archaeologist-says-migration-to-marianas-longest-ocean-crossing-in-human-history">"Archaeologist says migration to Marianas longest ocean-crossing in human history"</a>. Marianas Variety. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170316215811/http://www.mvariety.com/cnmi/cnmi-news/local/54274-archaeologist-says-migration-to-marianas-longest-ocean-crossing-in-human-history">Archived</a> from the original on 16 March 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 October</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Archaeologist+says+migration+to+Marianas+longest+ocean-crossing+in+human+history&rft.date=2013-03-11&rft.aulast=Zotomayor&rft.aufirst=Alexie+Villegas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mvariety.com%2Fcnmi%2Fcnmi-news%2Flocal%2F54274-archaeologist-says-migration-to-marianas-longest-ocean-crossing-in-human-history&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMariana+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070607060922/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/index.html"><i>The CIA World Factbook</i> (2006)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101223015139/http://www.oceandots.com/pacific/mariana/">"Pacific Ocean – Geology of Mariana Islands"</a>. 23 December 2010. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-10-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Micronesica&rft.atitle=Latte+villages+in+Guam+and+the+Marianas%3A+Monumentality+or+monumenterity%3F&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=1%2F2&rft.pages=183-208&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=Peterson&rft.aufirst=John+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmicronesica.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2F5_smpeterson_pp183-208.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMariana+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Laguana-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Laguana_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Laguana_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLaguanaKurashinaCarsonPeterson2012" class="citation journal cs1">Laguana, Andrew; Kurashina, Hiro; Carson, Mike T.; Peterson, John A.; Bayman, James M.; Ames, Todd; Stephenson, Rebecca A.; Aguon, John; Harya Putra, Ir. D.K. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://micronesica.org/sites/default/files/2_smlaguana_pp80-120.pdf">"Estorian i latte: A story of latte"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Micronesica</i>. <b>42</b> (1/2): 80–120. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210424074038/http://micronesica.org/sites/default/files/2_smlaguana_pp80-120.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2021-04-24<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-10-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Micronesica&rft.atitle=Estorian+i+latte%3A+A+story+of+latte&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=1%2F2&rft.pages=80-120&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=Laguana&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft.au=Kurashina%2C+Hiro&rft.au=Carson%2C+Mike+T.&rft.au=Peterson%2C+John+A.&rft.au=Bayman%2C+James+M.&rft.au=Ames%2C+Todd&rft.au=Stephenson%2C+Rebecca+A.&rft.au=Aguon%2C+John&rft.au=Harya+Putra%2C+Ir.+D.K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmicronesica.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2F2_smlaguana_pp80-120.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMariana+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nowell-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Nowell_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nowell_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nowell_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNowell1962" class="citation book cs1">Nowell, C. E. (1962). "Antonio Pigafetta's account". <i>Magellan's Voyage Around the World</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 November</span> 2020</span>. <q>In 1668, 147 years after Magellan's encounter, Fr. <a href="/wiki/Diego_Luis_de_San_Vitores" title="Diego Luis de San Vitores">Diego Luis de San Vitores</a>, a Jesuit priest, arrived in The Marianas with the mission to convert and implement Christianity among the Chamorros, thus beginning the colonization of The Marianas by Spain. The islands were named after Queen Maria Ana of Spain.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Commonwealth+of+the+Northern+Mariana+Islands+Office+of+the+Governor&rft.atitle=About+the+CNMI&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgovernor.gov.mp%2Fabout-the-cnmi%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMariana+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTucker2009" class="citation book cs1">Tucker, Spencer (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8V3vZxOmHssC&pg=PA379"><i>The encyclopedia of the Spanish-American and Philippine-American wars: a political, social, and military history</i></a>. ABC-CLIO. p. 379. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85109-951-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85109-951-1"><bdi>978-1-85109-951-1</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230925040729/https://books.google.com/books?id=8V3vZxOmHssC&pg=PA379">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-09-25<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-11-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+encyclopedia+of+the+Spanish-American+and+Philippine-American+wars%3A+a+political%2C+social%2C+and+military+history&rft.pages=379&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-85109-951-1&rft.aulast=Tucker&rft.aufirst=Spencer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8V3vZxOmHssC%26pg%3DPA379&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMariana+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Insular_Empire-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-The_Insular_Empire_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Warheit, Vanessa <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theinsularempire.com">"The Insular Empire: America in the Mariana Islands."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170904174335/http://theinsularempire.com/">Archived</a> 2017-09-04 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> PBS (documentary). Accessed June 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFde_la_Rosa2015" class="citation book cs1">de la Rosa, Alexandre Coello (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=q6M0CwAAQBAJ"><i>Jesuits at the Margins: Missions and Missionaries in the Marianas (1668-1769)</i></a>. Routledge. p. 56. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781317354536" title="Special:BookSources/9781317354536"><bdi>9781317354536</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230925040729/https://books.google.com/books?id=q6M0CwAAQBAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-09-25<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-05-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jesuits+at+the+Margins%3A+Missions+and+Missionaries+in+the+Marianas+%281668-1769%29&rft.pages=56&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=9781317354536&rft.aulast=de+la+Rosa&rft.aufirst=Alexandre+Coello&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dq6M0CwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMariana+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGeorge1748" class="citation book cs1">George, Lord Anion (1748). <i>Voyage round the World, book iii</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Voyage+round+the+World%2C+book+iii&rft.date=1748&rft.aulast=George&rft.aufirst=Lord+Anion&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMariana+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Foreman-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Foreman_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFForeman1906" class="citation book cs1">Foreman, J. (1906). <i>The Philippine Islands, A Political, Geographical, Ethnographical, Social, and Commercial History of the Philippine Archipelago</i>. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/3913054">3913054</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Philippine+Islands%2C+A+Political%2C+Geographical%2C+Ethnographical%2C+Social%2C+and+Commercial+History+of+the+Philippine+Archipelago&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Charles+Scribner%27s+Sons&rft.date=1906&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F3913054&rft.aulast=Foreman&rft.aufirst=J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMariana+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLangdon1984" class="citation book cs1">Langdon, Robert (1984). <i>Where the whalers went: an index to the Pacific ports and islands by American whalers (and some other ships) in the 19th century</i>. Canberra: Pacific Manuscripts Bureau. p. 160. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-86784-471-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-86784-471-X"><bdi>0-86784-471-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Where+the+whalers+went%3A+an+index+to+the+Pacific+ports+and+islands+by+American+whalers+%28and+some+other+ships%29+in+the+19th+century&rft.place=Canberra&rft.pages=160&rft.pub=Pacific+Manuscripts+Bureau&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=0-86784-471-X&rft.aulast=Langdon&rft.aufirst=Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMariana+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Langdon, p.163</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mabini-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Mabini_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMabini1969" class="citation book cs1">Mabini, A. (1969). <i>The Philippine Revolution</i>. Republic of the Philippines, Dept. of Education, National Historical Commission. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/120546">120546</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Philippine+Revolution&rft.pub=Republic+of+the+Philippines%2C+Dept.+of+Education%2C+National+Historical+Commission&rft.date=1969&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F120546&rft.aulast=Mabini&rft.aufirst=A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMariana+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Air Raids & Attempted Air Raids against Saipan from 1 Nov 1944 to Occupation of Iwo Jima"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Werner Gruhl, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ow5Wlmu9MPQC&pg=PA102">Imperial Japan's World War Two, 1931–1945</a></i>, Transaction Publishers, 2007 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7658-0352-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7658-0352-8">978-0-7658-0352-8</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.annieschamorrokitchen.com/apigigi-or-sweet-tamales/">"Apigigi' or Sweet Tamales"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141203172721/http://www.annieschamorrokitchen.com/apigigi-or-sweet-tamales/">Archived</a> 2014-12-03 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (Aug. 10, 2013) Annie's Chamorro Kitchen</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mariana_Islands&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140427193501/http://gaebler.info/sonstiges/marianen.htm">Pascal Horst Lehne and Christoph Gäbler: <i>Über die Marianen.</i> Lehne-Verlag, Wohldorf in Germany 1972</a></li> <li>L. de Freycinet, <i>Voyage autour du monde</i> (Paris, 1826–1844)</li> <li>The Marianas Islands in <i>Nautical Magazsile</i>, xxxiv., xxxv. (London, 1865–1866)</li> <li>0. Finsch, <i>Karolinen und Marianen</i> (Hamburg, 1900); Costenoble, Die Marianen in Globus, lxxxviii. (1905)</li></ul> <dl><dt>Encyclopedic sources</dt></dl> <ul><li><span class="noprint"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> </span>This article incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Marianas_(archipelago)" class="extiw" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Marianas (archipelago)">Marianas, an archipelago in the north-western Pacific Ocean</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i> (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Marianas%2C+an+archipelago+in+the+north-western+Pacific+Ocean&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMariana+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> This article incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomas_Kennedy1913" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Thomas Kennedy (1913). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/Prefecture_Apostolic_of_Mariana_Islands" class="extiw" title="s:Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Prefecture Apostolic of Mariana Islands">Prefecture Apostolic of Mariana Islands</a>". In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia" title="Catholic Encyclopedia">Catholic Encyclopedia</a></i>. New York: Robert Appleton Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Prefecture+Apostolic+of+Mariana+Islands&rft.btitle=Catholic+Encyclopedia&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Robert+Appleton+Company&rft.date=1913&rft.au=Thomas+Kennedy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMariana+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mariana_Islands&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has original text related to this article: <div style="margin-left: 10px;"><b><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Portal:Mariana_Islands" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Portal:Mariana Islands">Mariana Islands</a></b></div></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikivoyage has a travel guide for <i><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Mariana_Islands#Q153732" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Mariana Islands">Mariana Islands</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Mariana_Islands" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Mariana Islands">Mariana Islands</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrickwood1882" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Brickwood" title="Edwin Brickwood">Brickwood, Edwin</a> (1882). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Ladrone Islands"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica,_Ninth_Edition/Ladrone_Islands">"Ladrone Islands" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. XIV (9th ed.). pp. 278–280.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ladrone+Islands&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=278-280&rft.edition=9th&rft.date=1882&rft.aulast=Brickwood&rft.aufirst=Edwin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMariana+Islands" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_Alabama" title="Vehicle registration plates of Alabama">Alabama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_Alaska" title="Vehicle registration plates of Alaska">Alaska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_Arizona" title="Vehicle registration plates of Arizona">Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_Arkansas" title="Vehicle registration plates of Arkansas">Arkansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_California" title="Vehicle registration plates of California">California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_Colorado" title="Vehicle registration plates of Colorado">Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_Connecticut" title="Vehicle registration plates of Connecticut">Connecticut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_Delaware" title="Vehicle registration plates of Delaware">Delaware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_Florida" title="Vehicle registration plates of Florida">Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Vehicle registration plates of Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_Hawaii" title="Vehicle registration plates of Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_Idaho" title="Vehicle registration plates of Idaho">Idaho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_Illinois" title="Vehicle registration plates of Illinois">Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_Indiana" title="Vehicle registration plates of Indiana">Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_Iowa" title="Vehicle registration plates of Iowa">Iowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_Kansas" title="Vehicle registration plates of Kansas">Kansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_Kentucky" title="Vehicle registration plates of Kentucky">Kentucky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_Louisiana" title="Vehicle registration plates of Louisiana">Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_Maine" title="Vehicle registration plates of Maine">Maine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_Maryland" title="Vehicle registration plates of Maryland">Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_Massachusetts" title="Vehicle registration plates of Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_Michigan" title="Vehicle registration plates of Michigan">Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_Minnesota" title="Vehicle registration plates of Minnesota">Minnesota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_Mississippi" title="Vehicle registration plates of Mississippi">Mississippi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_Missouri" title="Vehicle registration plates of Missouri">Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_Montana" title="Vehicle registration plates of Montana">Montana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_Nebraska" title="Vehicle registration plates of Nebraska">Nebraska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_Nevada" title="Vehicle registration plates of Nevada">Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_New_Hampshire" title="Vehicle registration plates of New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_New_Jersey" title="Vehicle registration plates of New Jersey">New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_New_Mexico" title="Vehicle registration plates of New Mexico">New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_New_York" title="Vehicle registration plates of New York">New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_North_Carolina" title="Vehicle registration plates of North Carolina">North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_North_Dakota" title="Vehicle registration plates of North Dakota">North Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_Ohio" title="Vehicle registration plates of Ohio">Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_Oklahoma" title="Vehicle registration plates of Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_Oregon" title="Vehicle registration plates of Oregon">Oregon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_Pennsylvania" title="Vehicle registration plates of Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_Rhode_Island" title="Vehicle registration plates of Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_South_Carolina" title="Vehicle registration plates of South Carolina">South Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_South_Dakota" title="Vehicle registration plates of South Dakota">South Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_Tennessee" title="Vehicle registration plates of Tennessee">Tennessee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_Texas" title="Vehicle registration plates of Texas">Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_Utah" title="Vehicle registration plates of Utah">Utah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_Vermont" title="Vehicle registration plates of Vermont">Vermont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_Virginia" title="Vehicle registration plates of Virginia">Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_Washington_(state)" title="Vehicle registration plates of Washington (state)">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_West_Virginia" title="Vehicle registration plates of West Virginia">West Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_Wisconsin" title="Vehicle registration plates of Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_Wyoming" title="Vehicle registration plates of Wyoming">Wyoming</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right; vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Federal_district" title="Federal district">Federal district</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_Washington,_D.C." title="Vehicle registration plates of Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right; vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Territories_of_the_United_States" title="Territories of the United States">Territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_American_Samoa" title="Vehicle registration plates of American Samoa">American Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_Guam" title="Vehicle registration plates of Guam">Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="Vehicle registration plates of the Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Mariana Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_Puerto_Rico" title="Vehicle registration plates of Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands" title="Vehicle registration plates of the United States Virgin Islands">U.S. Virgin Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right; vertical-align:top;">Other registration plates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_the_Canal_Zone" title="Vehicle registration plates of the Canal Zone">Canal Zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_Native_American_tribes_in_the_United_States" title="Vehicle registration plates of Native American tribes in the United States">Native American tribes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_license_plate_designs_and_serial_formats" title="United States license plate designs and serial formats">Designs and serial formats</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right; vertical-align:top;">By year</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_the_United_States_for_1901" title="Vehicle registration plates of the United States for 1901">1901</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_the_United_States_for_1902" title="Vehicle registration plates of the United States for 1902">1902</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_the_United_States_for_1903" title="Vehicle registration plates of the United States for 1903">1903</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_the_United_States_for_1904" title="Vehicle registration plates of the United States for 1904">1904</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_the_United_States_for_1905" title="Vehicle registration plates of the United States for 1905">1905</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_the_United_States_for_1906" title="Vehicle registration plates of the United States for 1906">1906</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_the_United_States_for_1907" title="Vehicle registration plates of the United States for 1907">1907</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_the_United_States_for_1908" title="Vehicle registration plates of the United States for 1908">1908</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_the_United_States_for_1909" title="Vehicle registration plates of the United States for 1909">1909</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_the_United_States_for_1910" title="Vehicle registration plates of the United States for 1910">1910</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_the_United_States_for_1911" title="Vehicle registration plates of the United States for 1911">1911</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_the_United_States_for_1912" title="Vehicle registration plates of the United States for 1912">1912</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_the_United_States_for_1913" title="Vehicle registration plates of the United States for 1913">1913</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_the_United_States_for_1914" title="Vehicle registration plates of the United States for 1914">1914</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_the_United_States_for_1915" title="Vehicle registration plates of the United States for 1915">1915</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_the_United_States_for_1916" title="Vehicle registration plates of the United States for 1916">1916</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_the_United_States_for_1917" title="Vehicle registration plates of the United States for 1917">1917</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_the_United_States_for_1918" title="Vehicle registration plates of the United States for 1918">1918</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_the_United_States_for_1919" title="Vehicle registration plates of the United States for 1919">1919</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_the_United_States_for_1920" title="Vehicle registration plates of the United States for 1920">1920</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_the_United_States_for_1921" title="Vehicle registration plates of the United States for 1921">1921</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_the_United_States_for_1922" title="Vehicle registration plates of the United States for 1922">1922</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_the_United_States_for_1923" title="Vehicle registration plates of the United States for 1923">1923</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_the_United_States_for_1924" title="Vehicle registration plates of the United States for 1924">1924</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_the_United_States_for_1925" title="Vehicle registration plates of the United States for 1925">1925</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_the_United_States_for_1926" title="Vehicle registration plates of the United States for 1926">1926</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_the_United_States_for_1927" title="Vehicle registration plates of the United States for 1927">1927</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_the_United_States_for_1928" title="Vehicle registration plates of the United States for 1928">1928</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_the_United_States_for_1929" title="Vehicle registration plates of the United States for 1929">1929</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_the_United_States_for_1930" title="Vehicle registration plates of the United States for 1930">1930</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_the_United_States_for_1931" title="Vehicle registration plates of the United States for 1931">1931</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_the_United_States_for_1932" title="Vehicle registration plates of the United States for 1932">1932</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_the_United_States_for_1933" title="Vehicle registration plates of the United States for 1933">1933</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_the_United_States_for_1934" title="Vehicle registration plates of the United States for 1934">1934</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_the_United_States_for_1935" title="Vehicle registration plates of the United States for 1935">1935</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_the_United_States_for_1936" title="Vehicle registration plates of the United States for 1936">1936</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_the_United_States_for_1937" title="Vehicle registration plates of the United States for 1937">1937</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_the_United_States_for_1938" title="Vehicle registration plates of the United States for 1938">1938</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_the_United_States_for_1939" title="Vehicle registration plates of the United States for 1939">1939</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_the_United_States_for_1940" title="Vehicle registration plates of the United States for 1940">1940</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_the_United_States_for_1941" title="Vehicle registration plates of the United States for 1941">1941</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_the_United_States_for_1942" title="Vehicle registration plates of the United States for 1942">1942</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_the_United_States_for_1943" title="Vehicle registration plates of the United States for 1943">1943</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_the_United_States_for_1944" title="Vehicle registration plates of the United States for 1944">1944</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_the_United_States_for_1945" title="Vehicle registration plates of the United States for 1945">1945</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_the_United_States_for_1946" title="Vehicle registration plates of the United States for 1946">1946</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_the_United_States_for_1947" title="Vehicle registration plates of the United States for 1947">1947</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_the_United_States_for_1948" title="Vehicle registration plates of the United States for 1948">1948</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_the_United_States_for_1949" title="Vehicle registration plates of the United States for 1949">1949</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_the_United_States_for_1950" title="Vehicle registration plates of the United States for 1950">1950</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_the_United_States_for_1951" title="Vehicle registration plates of the United States for 1951">1951</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_the_United_States_for_1952" title="Vehicle registration plates of the United States for 1952">1952</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_the_United_States_for_1953" title="Vehicle registration plates of the United States for 1953">1953</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_the_United_States_for_1954" title="Vehicle registration plates of the United States for 1954">1954</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_the_United_States_for_1955" title="Vehicle registration plates of the United States for 1955">1955</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_the_United_States_for_1956" title="Vehicle registration plates of the United States for 1956">1956</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_the_United_States_for_1957" title="Vehicle registration plates of the United States for 1957">1957</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_the_United_States_for_1958" title="Vehicle registration plates of the United States for 1958">1958</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_the_United_States_for_1959" title="Vehicle registration plates of the United States for 1959">1959</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_the_United_States_for_1960" title="Vehicle registration plates of the United States for 1960">1960</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_the_United_States_for_1961" title="Vehicle registration plates of the United States for 1961">1961</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_the_United_States_for_1962" title="Vehicle registration plates of the United States for 1962">1962</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_the_United_States_for_1963" title="Vehicle registration plates of the United States for 1963">1963</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_the_United_States_for_1964" title="Vehicle registration plates of the United States for 1964">1964</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_the_United_States_for_1965" title="Vehicle registration plates of the United States for 1965">1965</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_the_United_States_for_1966" title="Vehicle registration plates of the United States for 1966">1966</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_the_United_States_for_1967" title="Vehicle registration plates of the United States for 1967">1967</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_the_United_States_for_1968" title="Vehicle registration plates of the United States for 1968">1968</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_the_United_States_for_1969" title="Vehicle registration plates of the United States for 1969">1969</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_the_United_States_for_1970" title="Vehicle registration plates of the United States for 1970">1970</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_the_United_States_for_1971" title="Vehicle registration plates of the United States for 1971">1971</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_the_United_States_for_1972" title="Vehicle registration plates of the United States for 1972">1972</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_the_United_States_for_1973" title="Vehicle registration plates of the United States for 1973">1973</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_the_United_States_for_1974" title="Vehicle registration plates of the United States for 1974">1974</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_the_United_States_for_1975" title="Vehicle registration plates of the United States for 1975">1975</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_the_United_States_for_1976" title="Vehicle registration plates of the United States for 1976">1976</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_the_United_States_for_1977" title="Vehicle registration plates of the United States for 1977">1977</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_the_United_States_for_1978" title="Vehicle registration plates of the United States for 1978">1978</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_the_United_States_for_1979" title="Vehicle registration plates of the United States for 1979">1979</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_the_United_States_for_1980" title="Vehicle registration plates of the United States for 1980">1980</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_the_United_States_for_1981" title="Vehicle registration plates of the United States for 1981">1981</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_the_United_States_for_1982" title="Vehicle registration plates of the United States for 1982">1982</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_the_United_States_for_1983" title="Vehicle registration plates of the United States for 1983">1983</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_the_United_States_for_1984" title="Vehicle registration plates of the United States for 1984">1984</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_the_United_States_for_1985" title="Vehicle registration plates of the United States for 1985">1985</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_the_United_States_for_1986" title="Vehicle registration plates of the United States for 1986">1986</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_the_United_States_for_1987" title="Vehicle registration plates of the United States for 1987">1987</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_the_United_States_for_1988" title="Vehicle registration plates of the United States for 1988">1988</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_the_United_States_for_1989" title="Vehicle registration plates of the United States for 1989">1989</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_the_United_States_for_1990" title="Vehicle registration plates of the United States for 1990">1990</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_the_United_States_for_1991" title="Vehicle registration plates of the United States for 1991">1991</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_the_United_States_for_1992" title="Vehicle registration plates of the United States for 1992">1992</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_the_United_States_for_1993" title="Vehicle registration plates of the United States for 1993">1993</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_the_United_States_for_1994" title="Vehicle registration plates of the United States for 1994">1994</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_the_United_States_for_1995" title="Vehicle registration plates of the United States for 1995">1995</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_the_United_States_for_1996" title="Vehicle registration plates of the United States for 1996">1996</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_the_United_States_for_1997" title="Vehicle registration plates of the United States for 1997">1997</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_the_United_States_for_1998" title="Vehicle registration plates of the United States for 1998">1998</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_the_United_States_for_1999" title="Vehicle registration plates of the United States for 1999">1999</a></li></ul></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Vehicle_registration_plates_of_Oceania" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Oceania_topic" title="Template:Oceania topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Oceania_topic" title="Template talk:Oceania topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Oceania_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Oceania topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Vehicle_registration_plates_of_Oceania" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Vehicle registration plates of Oceania</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_Australia" title="Vehicle registration plates of Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia" title="Vehicle registration plates of the Federated States of Micronesia">Federated States of Micronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_Fiji" title="Vehicle registration plates of Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_Kiribati" title="Vehicle registration plates of Kiribati">Kiribati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_the_Marshall_Islands" title="Vehicle registration plates of the Marshall Islands">Marshall Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_Nauru" title="Vehicle registration plates of Nauru">Nauru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_New_Zealand" title="Vehicle registration plates of New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_Palau" title="Vehicle registration plates of Palau">Palau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Vehicle registration plates of Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_Samoa" title="Vehicle registration plates of Samoa">Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_Solomon_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Vehicle registration plates of Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_Tonga" title="Vehicle registration plates of Tonga">Tonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_Tuvalu" title="Vehicle registration plates of Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_Vanuatu" title="Vehicle registration plates of Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Associated states<br />of New Zealand</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_the_Cook_Islands" title="Vehicle registration plates of the Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_Niue" title="Vehicle registration plates of Niue">Niue</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dependencies<br />and other territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_American_Samoa" title="Vehicle registration plates of American Samoa">American Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_Christmas_Island" title="Vehicle registration plates of Christmas Island">Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_the_Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands" title="Vehicle registration plates of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_Easter_Island" title="Vehicle registration plates of Easter Island">Easter Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_French_Polynesia" title="Vehicle registration plates of French Polynesia">French Polynesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_Guam" title="Vehicle registration plates of Guam">Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_Hawaii" title="Vehicle registration plates of Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_New_Caledonia" title="Vehicle registration plates of New Caledonia">New Caledonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_Norfolk_Island" title="Vehicle registration plates of Norfolk Island">Norfolk Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="Vehicle registration plates of the Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Mariana Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vehicle_registration_plates_of_the_Pitcairn_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vehicle registration plates of the Pitcairn Islands (page does not exist)">Pitcairn Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vehicle_registration_plates_of_Tokelau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vehicle registration plates of Tokelau (page does not exist)">Tokelau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_Wallis_and_Futuna" title="Vehicle registration plates of Wallis and Futuna">Wallis and Futuna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Commonwealth_of_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="Template:Northern Mariana Islands"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="Template talk:Northern Mariana Islands"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Northern Mariana Islands"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Commonwealth_of_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_(U.S._insular_area)" title="Commonwealth (U.S. insular area)">Commonwealth</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Mariana Islands</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Saipan" class="mw-redirect" title="Saipan">Saipan</a></b> (capital)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Northern_Mariana_Islands%E2%80%93related_articles" title="Index of Northern Mariana Islands–related articles">Topics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Archipelago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="Geography of the Northern Mariana Islands">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="Politics of the Northern Mariana Islands">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="Economy of the Northern Mariana Islands">Economy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Northern_Mariana_Islands_locations_by_per_capita_income" title="List of Northern Mariana Islands locations by per capita income">Per capita income</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariana_and_Palau_Islands_campaign" title="Mariana and Palau Islands campaign">Campaign</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="Geography of the Northern Mariana Islands">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_the_United_States#Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="List of islands of the United States">Islands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agrihan" title="Agrihan">Agrihan</a> (Agrigan)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aguiguan" title="Aguiguan">Aguijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alamagan" title="Alamagan">Alamagan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anatahan" title="Anatahan">Anatahan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asuncion_Island" title="Asuncion Island">Asuncion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farallon_de_Medinilla" title="Farallon de Medinilla">Farallon de Medinilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farallon_de_Pajaros" title="Farallon de Pajaros">Farallon de Pajaros</a> (Urracas)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guguan" title="Guguan">Guguan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma%C3%B1agaha" title="Mañagaha">Mañagaha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maug_Islands" title="Maug Islands">Maug Islands</a> (Ma'ok)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pagan_(island)" title="Pagan (island)">Pagan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rota_(island)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rota (island)">Rota</a> (Luta)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saipan" class="mw-redirect" title="Saipan">Saipan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarigan" title="Sarigan">Sarigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tinian" class="mw-redirect" title="Tinian">Tinian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zealandia_Bank" title="Zealandia Bank">Zealandia Bank</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Tapochau" title="Mount Tapochau">Mount Tapochau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marianas_Trench_Marine_National_Monument" class="mw-redirect" title="Marianas Trench Marine National Monument">Marianas Trench Marine National Monument</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Municipality" title="Municipality">Municipalities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Islands_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Islands Municipality">Northern Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rota_(island)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rota (island)">Rota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saipan" class="mw-redirect" title="Saipan">Saipan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tinian_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Tinian Municipality">Tinian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Settlements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Saipan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afetnas,_Saipan" title="Afetnas, Saipan">Afetnas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achugao,_Saipan" title="Achugao, Saipan">Achugao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/As_Lito,_Saipan" title="As Lito, Saipan">As Lito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/As_Matuis,_Saipan" title="As Matuis, Saipan">As Matuis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/As_Perdido,_Saipan" title="As Perdido, Saipan">As Perdido</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/As_Teo,_Saipan" title="As Teo, Saipan">As Teo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/As_Terlaje,_Saipan" title="As Terlaje, Saipan">As Terlaje</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capitol_Hill,_Saipan" title="Capitol Hill, Saipan">Capitol Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalan_Kanoa,_Saipan" title="Chalan Kanoa, Saipan">Chalan Kanoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalan_Kiya,_Saipan" title="Chalan Kiya, Saipan">Chalan Kiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laulau,_Saipan" title="Laulau, Saipan">Chalan Laulau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalan_Piao,_Saipan" title="Chalan Piao, Saipan">Chalan Piao</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=China_Town,_Saipan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="China Town, Saipan (page does not exist)">China Town</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dandan,_Saipan" title="Dandan, Saipan">Dandan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fina_Sisu,_Saipan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fina Sisu, Saipan (page does not exist)">Fina Sisu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garapan,_Saipan" title="Garapan, Saipan">Garapan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gualo_Rai,_Saipan" title="Gualo Rai, Saipan">Gualo Rai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kagman,_Saipan" title="Kagman, Saipan">Kagman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kannat_Tabla,_Saipan" title="Kannat Tabla, Saipan">Kannat Tabla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koblerville,_Saipan" title="Koblerville, Saipan">Koblerville</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lower_Base,_Saipan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lower Base, Saipan (page does not exist)">Lower Base</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marpi,_Saipan" title="Marpi, Saipan">Marpi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navy_Hill,_Saipan" title="Navy Hill, Saipan">Navy Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Jose,_Saipan" title="San Jose, Saipan">Oleai (San Jose)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Papago,_Saipan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Papago, Saipan (page does not exist)">Papago</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sadog_Tasi,_Saipan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sadog Tasi, Saipan (page does not exist)">Sadog Tasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Antonio,_Saipan" title="San Antonio, Saipan">San Antonio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Roque,_Saipan" title="San Roque, Saipan">San Roque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Vicente,_Saipan" title="San Vicente, Saipan">San Vicente</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susupe,_Saipan" title="Susupe, Saipan">Susupe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanapag,_Saipan" title="Tanapag, Saipan">Tanapag</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rota</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sinapalo,_Rota" title="Sinapalo, Rota">Sinapalo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songsong,_Rota" title="Songsong, Rota">Songsong</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tinian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carolinas_Heights,_Tinian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carolinas Heights, Tinian (page does not exist)">Carolinas Heights</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marpo_Heights,_Tinian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marpo Heights, Tinian (page does not exist)">Marpo Heights</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marpo_Heights_II,_Tinian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marpo Heights II, Tinian (page does not exist)">Marpo Heights II</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marpo_Valley,_Tinian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marpo Valley, Tinian (page does not exist)">Marpo Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Jose,_Tinian" title="San Jose, Tinian">San Jose</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Education</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">K-12</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands_Public_School_System" title="Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands Public School System">CNMIPSS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kagman_High_School" title="Kagman High School">Kagman HS</a> (Saipan)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marianas_High_School" title="Marianas High School">Marianas HS</a> (Saipan)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dr._Rita_Hocog_Inos_Jr./Sr._High_School" title="Dr. Rita Hocog Inos Jr./Sr. High School">Dr. Rita Hocog Inos Jr-Sr HS</a> (Rota)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saipan_Southern_High_School" title="Saipan Southern High School">Saipan Southern HS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tinian_Middle_School_and_Tinian_High_School" title="Tinian Middle School and Tinian High School">Tinian M-HS</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saipan_International_School" title="Saipan International School">Saipan International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marianas_Baptist_Academy" title="Marianas Baptist Academy">Marianas Baptist Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Carmel_School_(Northern_Mariana_Islands)" title="Mount Carmel School (Northern Mariana Islands)">Mount Carmel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grace_Christian_Academy_(Northern_Mariana_Islands)" title="Grace Christian Academy (Northern Mariana Islands)">Grace Christian Academy </a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Marianas_College" title="Northern Marianas College">Northern Marianas College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Library_of_the_Commonwealth_of_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="State Library of the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands">State Library</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Transportation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saipan_International_Airport" title="Saipan International Airport">Saipan International Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rota_International_Airport" title="Rota International Airport">Rota International Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tinian_International_Airport" title="Tinian International Airport">Tinian International Airport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Landmarks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in the Northern Mariana Islands">NRHP listings</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Saipan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banzai_Cliff" title="Banzai Cliff">Banzai Cliff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campaneyan_Kristo_Rai" title="Campaneyan Kristo Rai">Campaneyan Kristo Rai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalan_Galaide" title="Chalan Galaide">Chalan Galaide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hachiman_Jinja_(Saipan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hachiman Jinja (Saipan)">Hachiman Jinja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saipan_International_Airport" title="Saipan International Airport">Isley Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_20mm_Cannon_Blockhouse" title="Japanese 20mm Cannon Blockhouse">Japanese 20mm Cannon Blockhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Hospital_(Saipan)" title="Japanese Hospital (Saipan)">Japanese Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Jail_Historic_and_Archeological_District" title="Japanese Jail Historic and Archeological District">Japanese Jail Historic and Archeological District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Lighthouse_(Garapan,_Saipan)" title="Japanese Lighthouse (Garapan, Saipan)">Japanese Lighthouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landing_Beaches;_Aslito/Isely_Field;_%26_Marpi_Point,_Saipan_Island" title="Landing Beaches; Aslito/Isely Field; & Marpi Point, Saipan Island">Landing Beaches; Aslito/Isely Field; & Marpi Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laulau_Kattan_Latte_Site" title="Laulau Kattan Latte Site">Laulau Kattan Latte Site</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma%C3%B1agaha" title="Mañagaha">Mañagaha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suicide_Cliff" title="Suicide Cliff">Suicide Cliff</a> (Laderan Banadero)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tachognya" title="Tachognya">Tachognya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unai_Achugao_Archaeological_Site" title="Unai Achugao Archaeological Site">Unai Achugao Archaeological Site</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unai_Lagua_Japanese_Defense_Pillbox" title="Unai Lagua Japanese Defense Pillbox">Unai Lagua Japanese Defense Pillbox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unai_Obyan_Latte_Site" title="Unai Obyan Latte Site">Unai Obyan Latte Site</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waherak_Maihar" title="Waherak Maihar">Waherak <i>Maihar</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rota</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chudang_Palii_Japanese_World_War_II_Defensive_Complex" title="Chudang Palii Japanese World War II Defensive Complex">Chudang Palii Japanese WWII Defensive Complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chugai%27_Pictograph_Site" title="Chugai' Pictograph Site">Chugai' Pictograph Site</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commissioner%27s_Office_(Rota)" title="Commissioner's Office (Rota)">Commissioner's Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dugi_Archeological_Site" title="Dugi Archeological Site">Dugi Archeological Site</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Coastal_Defense_Gun" title="Japanese Coastal Defense Gun">Japanese Coastal Defense Gun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Hospital_(Rota)" title="Japanese Hospital (Rota)">Japanese Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mochong" title="Mochong">Mochong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanyo_Kohatsu_Kabushiki_Kaisha_Sugar_Mill" title="Nanyo Kohatsu Kabushiki Kaisha Sugar Mill">Nanyo Kohatsu Kabushiki Kaisha Sugar Mill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rectory_(Rota)" title="Rectory (Rota)">Rectory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rota_Latte_Stone_Quarry" title="Rota Latte Stone Quarry">Rota Latte Stone Quarry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tinian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Taga" title="House of Taga">House of Taga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanyo_Kohatsu_Kabushiki_Kaisha_complex" title="Nanyo Kohatsu Kabushiki Kaisha complex">Nanyo Kohatsu Kabushiki Kaisha complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Field_(Tinian)" title="North Field (Tinian)">North Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unai_Dangkulo_Petroglyph_Site" title="Unai Dangkulo Petroglyph Site">Unai Dangkulo Petroglyph Site</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Religious Sites</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Mount_Carmel_Cathedral_(Northern_Mariana_Islands)" title="Our Lady of Mount Carmel Cathedral (Northern Mariana Islands)">Our Lady of Mount Carmel Cathedral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saipan_Katori_Shrine" title="Saipan Katori Shrine">Saipan Katori Shrine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Marianas_Variety" title="Marianas Variety">Marianas Variety</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Saipan_Tribune" title="Saipan Tribune">Saipan Tribune</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_radio_stations_in_U.S._Territories#Northern_Mariana_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="List of radio stations in U.S. Territories">Radio stations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_channels_in_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="List of channels in the Northern Mariana Islands">Television stations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Museums and History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NMI_Museum_of_History_and_Culture" title="NMI Museum of History and Culture">NMI Museum of History and Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugar_King_Park" title="Sugar King Park">Sugar King Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugar_Dock_(Saipan)" title="Sugar Dock (Saipan)">Sugar Dock (Saipan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garapan_Heritage_Trail" title="Garapan Heritage Trail">Garapan Heritage Trail </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Saipan" title="Battle of Saipan">Battle of Saipan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tinian" title="Battle of Tinian">Battle of Tinian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_Advance_Base_Saipan" title="Naval Advance Base Saipan">Naval Base Saipan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tinian_Naval_Base" title="Tinian Naval Base">Tinian Naval Base</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Territory_of_Guam" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Guam" title="Template:Guam"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Guam" title="Template talk:Guam"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Guam" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Guam"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Territory_of_Guam" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Territories_of_the_United_States" title="Territories of the United States">Territory</a> of <a href="/wiki/Guam" title="Guam">Guam</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Hag%C3%A5t%C3%B1a,_Guam" title="Hagåtña, Guam">Hagåtña</a></b> (capital)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Guam-related_articles" title="Index of Guam-related articles">Topics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communications_in_Guam" title="Communications in Guam">Communications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Guam" title="Demographics of Guam">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Guam" title="Economy of Guam">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Guam" title="Geography of Guam">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_Guam" title="Geology of Guam">Geology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Guam" title="Government of Guam">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Guam" title="History of Guam">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Guam" class="mw-redirect" title="Transport in Guam">Transportation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Guam" title="Geography of Guam">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apra_Harbor" title="Apra Harbor">Apra Harbor</a></li> <li>Bays (<a href="/wiki/Agat_Bay" title="Agat Bay">Agat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pago_Bay" title="Pago Bay">Pago</a>, <a href="/wiki/Piti_Bomb_Holes_Marine_Preserve" title="Piti Bomb Holes Marine Preserve">Piti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Talofofo_Bay" title="Talofofo Bay">Talofofo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tumon_Bay" title="Tumon Bay">Tumon</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_beaches_in_Guam" title="List of beaches in Guam">Beaches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabras_Island" title="Cabras Island">Cabras Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_census-designated_places_in_Guam" title="List of census-designated places in Guam">Census-designated places</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocos_Island_(Guam)" title="Cocos Island (Guam)">Cocos Island</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cocos_Lagoon" title="Cocos Lagoon">Lagoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountains_of_the_United_States#Guam" title="List of mountains of the United States">Mountains</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mount_Lamlam" title="Mount Lamlam">Lamlam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mount_Jumullong_Manglo" title="Mount Jumullong Manglo">Jumullong Manglo</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orote_Peninsula" title="Orote Peninsula">Orote Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two_Lovers_Point" title="Two Lovers Point">Two Lovers Point</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Villages_of_Guam" title="Villages of Guam">Villages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agana_Heights,_Guam" title="Agana Heights, Guam">Agana Heights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asan-Maina,_Guam" title="Asan-Maina, Guam">Asan‑Maina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barrigada,_Guam" title="Barrigada, Guam">Barrigada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalan_Pago-Ordot,_Guam" title="Chalan Pago-Ordot, Guam">Chalan Pago-Ordot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dededo,_Guam" class="mw-redirect" title="Dededo, Guam">Dededo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A5gat,_Guam" title="Hågat, Guam">Hågat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hag%C3%A5t%C3%B1a,_Guam" title="Hagåtña, Guam">Hagåtña</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hum%C3%A5tak,_Guam" title="Humåtak, Guam">Humåtak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inal%C3%A5han,_Guam" title="Inalåhan, Guam">Inalåhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangilao,_Guam" title="Mangilao, Guam">Mangilao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malesso,_Guam" title="Malesso, Guam">Malesso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongmong-Toto-Maite,_Guam" title="Mongmong-Toto-Maite, Guam">Mongmong-Toto-Maite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piti,_Guam" title="Piti, Guam">Piti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A5nta_Rita-Sumai,_Guam" title="Sånta Rita-Sumai, Guam">Sånta Rita-Sumai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinajana,_Guam" title="Sinajana, Guam">Sinajana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talo%27fo%27fo,_Guam" title="Talo'fo'fo, Guam">Talo'fo'fo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamuning,_Guam" title="Tamuning, Guam">Tamuning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yigo,_Guam" title="Yigo, Guam">Yigo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yona,_Guam" title="Yona, Guam">Yona</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Guam" title="History of Guam">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_Guam" title="List of earthquakes in Guam">Earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_typhoons_on_Guam" class="mw-redirect" title="List of typhoons on Guam">Typhoons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish%E2%80%93Chamorro_Wars" title="Spanish–Chamorro Wars">Spanish–Chamorro Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1856_Guam_smallpox_epidemic" title="1856 Guam smallpox epidemic">1856 smallpox epidemic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Guam" title="Capture of Guam">U.S. capture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Guam_(1941)" title="Battle of Guam (1941)">Japanese capture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Guam" title="Japanese occupation of Guam">Japanese occupation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Guam_(1944)" title="Battle of Guam (1944)">2nd U.S. capture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guam_Organic_Act_of_1950" title="Guam Organic Act of 1950">Organic Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elective_Governor_Acts_of_1968" title="Elective Governor Acts of 1968">Elective Governor Acts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Typhoon_Karen" title="Typhoon Karen">Typhoon Karen</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Guam_v._United_States" title="Guam v. United States">Guam v. United States</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Guam" title="Culture of Guam">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chamorro_Nation" title="Chamorro Nation">Chamorro Nation</a></li> <li>Cuisine (<a href="/wiki/Chalakiles" title="Chalakiles">Chalakiles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Estufao" title="Estufao">Estufao</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fina%27denne%27" title="Fina'denne'">Fina'denne'</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guyuria" title="Guyuria">Guyuria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kaddon_pika" title="Kaddon pika">Kaddon pika</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kalamai_(dessert)" title="Kalamai (dessert)">Kalamai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kelaguen" title="Kelaguen">Kelaguen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Latiya_(dessert)" title="Latiya (dessert)">Latiya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roskette" title="Roskette">Roskette</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tinaktak" title="Tinaktak">Tinaktak</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guam_Museum" title="Guam Museum">Guam Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberation_Day_(Guam)" title="Liberation Day (Guam)">Liberation Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latte_stone" title="Latte stone">Latte stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Guam" title="Music of Guam">Music</a> (<a href="/wiki/Belembaotuyan" title="Belembaotuyan">Belembaotuyan</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Guam" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Guam">National Register of Historic Places listings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Aga%C3%B1a" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Agaña">Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Agaña</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_schools_in_Guam" title="List of schools in Guam">Schools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_diving_on_Guam" class="mw-redirect" title="Underwater diving on Guam">Underwater diving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_the_Mariana_Islands" title="Cuisine of the Mariana Islands">Cuisine of the Mariana Islands</a> (Shared with the Northern islands)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bases</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joint_Region_Marianas" title="Joint Region Marianas">Joint Region Marianas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andersen_Air_Force_Base" title="Andersen Air Force Base">Andersen Air Force Base</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northwest_Field" title="Northwest Field">Northwest Field</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_Corps_Base_Camp_Blaz" title="Marine Corps Base Camp Blaz">Marine Corps Base Camp Blaz‎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_Base_Guam" title="Naval Base Guam">Naval Base Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Barrigada" title="Radio Barrigada">Radio Barrigada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_Computer_and_Telecommunications_Station_Guam" title="Naval Computer and Telecommunications Station Guam">NCTS Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_Hospital_Guam" title="Naval Hospital Guam">Naval Hospital Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordnance_Annex" title="Ordnance Annex">Ordnance Annex</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Healthcare</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guam_Memorial_Hospital" title="Guam Memorial Hospital">Guam Memorial Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guam_Regional_Medical_City" title="Guam Regional Medical City">Guam Regional Medical City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_Hospital_Guam" title="Naval Hospital Guam">Naval Hospital Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Guam" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Guam">COVID-19 pandemic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ancient_seafaring" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ancient_seafaring" title="Template:Ancient seafaring"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ancient_seafaring" title="Template talk:Ancient seafaring"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ancient_seafaring" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ancient seafaring"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ancient_seafaring" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_seafaring" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient seafaring">Ancient seafaring</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="vertical-align:center; text-align:center;"><div id="Vessels" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_navies_and_vessels" title="Ancient navies and vessels">Vessels</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Watercraft" title="Watercraft">Types</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balangay" title="Balangay">Balangay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangka_(boat)" title="Bangka (boat)">Bangka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beden" title="Beden">Beden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coracle" title="Coracle">Coracle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhow" title="Dhow">Dhow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dragon_boat" title="Dragon boat">Dragon boat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dugout_canoe" title="Dugout canoe">Dugout canoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_ship" title="Fire ship">Fire ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galley" title="Galley">Galley</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Penteconter" title="Penteconter">Penteconter</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%27unlun_po" class="mw-redirect" title="K'unlun po">Kunlun ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liburna" title="Liburna">Liburna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longship" title="Longship">Longship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multihull" title="Multihull">Multihull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navis_lusoria" title="Navis lusoria">Navis lusoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obelisk_ship" title="Obelisk ship">Obelisk ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outrigger_boat" title="Outrigger boat">Outriggers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sakman" title="Sakman">Sakman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single-outrigger" class="mw-redirect" title="Single-outrigger">Single-outrigger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catamaran" title="Catamaran">Catamaran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trimaran" title="Trimaran">Trimaran</a></li></ul></li> <li>Polyremes <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bireme" title="Bireme">Bireme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellenistic-era_warships" title="Hellenistic-era warships">Oared warships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trireme" title="Trireme">Trireme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quadrireme" class="mw-redirect" title="Quadrireme">Quadrireme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quinquereme" class="mw-redirect" title="Quinquereme">Quinquereme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hexareme" class="mw-redirect" title="Hexareme">Hexareme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tessarakonteres" title="Tessarakonteres">Tessarakonteres</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raft" title="Raft">Raft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reed_boat" title="Reed boat">Reed boat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailing_ship" title="Sailing ship">Sailing ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_royal_ships" title="Ancient Egyptian royal ships">Solar ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomol" title="Tomol">Tomol</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/T%C4%81kitimu" title="Tākitimu">Tākitimu</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uru_(boat)" title="Uru (boat)">Uru</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_navies_and_vessels" title="Ancient navies and vessels">by region</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austronesian_vessels#History" title="Austronesian vessels">Austronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_navy" title="Ancient Egyptian navy">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_navy" title="Achaemenid navy">Persia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ships_of_ancient_Rome" title="Ships of ancient Rome">Rome</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Marine_propulsion" title="Marine propulsion">Propulsion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paddling" title="Paddling">Paddling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailing" title="Sailing">Sailing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Towpath" title="Towpath">Towing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poling_(watercraft)" class="mw-redirect" title="Poling (watercraft)">Poling </a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Components</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anchor" title="Anchor">Anchor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bow_(watercraft)" title="Bow (watercraft)">Bow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabin_(ship)" title="Cabin (ship)">Cabin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deck_(ship)" title="Deck (ship)">Deck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Figurehead_(object)" title="Figurehead (object)">Figurehead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hull_(watercraft)" title="Hull (watercraft)">Hull</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boat_building#Construction_materials_and_methods" title="Boat building">Planking</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keel" title="Keel">Keel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mast_(sailing)" title="Mast (sailing)">Mast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oar" title="Oar">Oar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paddle" title="Paddle">Paddle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rope" title="Rope">Rope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudder" title="Rudder">Rudder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudder#History_of_the_rudder" title="Rudder">Steering oar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sail" title="Sail">Sail</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sail_components" title="Sail components">Sail components</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stem_(ship)" title="Stem (ship)">Stem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sternpost" title="Sternpost">Sternpost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strake" title="Strake">Strake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nile_boat#Boat_design_/_steering" title="Nile boat">Tiller</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_shipbuilding_techniques" title="Ancient shipbuilding techniques">Construction</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boat_building" title="Boat building">Boat building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Careening" title="Careening">Careening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carvel_(boat_building)" title="Carvel (boat building)">Carvel built</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinker_(boat_building)" title="Clinker (boat building)">Clinker built</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dugout_(boat)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dugout (boat)">Dugout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_shipbuilding_techniques#Framed_boat" title="Ancient shipbuilding techniques">Framing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_shipbuilding_techniques#Frame-first" title="Ancient shipbuilding techniques">Frame-first</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_shipbuilding_techniques#Shell-first" title="Ancient shipbuilding techniques">Shell-first</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joinery" title="Joinery">Joinery</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lashed-lug_boat" title="Lashed-lug boat">Lashed-lug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortise_and_tenon" title="Mortise and tenon">Mortise and tenon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenician_joints" class="mw-redirect" title="Phoenician joints">Phoenician joint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scarf_joint" title="Scarf joint">Scarf joint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sewn_boat" title="Sewn boat">Sewn-plank</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shipbuilding" title="Shipbuilding">Shipbuilding</a></li> <li>By region: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_technology#Navigation_and_ship_building" title="Ancient Egyptian technology">Egypt</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rigging" title="Rigging">Rigging</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crab_claw_sail" title="Crab claw sail">Crab claw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fore-and-aft_rig" title="Fore-and-aft rig">Fore-and-aft</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lateen" title="Lateen">Lateen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Settee_(sail)" title="Settee (sail)">Settee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanja_sail" title="Tanja sail">Tanja</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Triangular_sail_rig&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Triangular sail rig (page does not exist)">Triangular sail</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junk_rig" title="Junk rig">Junk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mast-aft_rig" title="Mast-aft rig">Mast-aft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spritsail" title="Spritsail">Spritsail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Square_rig" title="Square rig">Square</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Armaments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ballista" title="Ballista">Ballista</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catapult" title="Catapult">Catapult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corvus_(boarding_device)" title="Corvus (boarding device)">Corvus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolphin_(weapon)" title="Dolphin (weapon)">Dolphin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_ship" title="Fire ship">Fire ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harpax" title="Harpax">Harpax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_ram" title="Naval ram">Ram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sambuca_(siege_engine)" title="Sambuca (siege engine)">Sambuca</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Galley_-_Layard_-_Ninive_page_324_detail.png/120px-Galley_-_Layard_-_Ninive_page_324_detail.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Galley_-_Layard_-_Ninive_page_324_detail.png/180px-Galley_-_Layard_-_Ninive_page_324_detail.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Galley_-_Layard_-_Ninive_page_324_detail.png/240px-Galley_-_Layard_-_Ninive_page_324_detail.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="353" /></span></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="vertical-align:center; text-align:center;"><div id="Navigation,_and_ports_and_harbors" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Navigation, and ports and harbors</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Marine_navigation" title="Marine navigation">Navigation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Celestial_navigation" title="Celestial navigation">Celestial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_cartography" title="History of cartography">Charts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coastal_navigation" class="mw-redirect" title="Coastal navigation">Coastal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lighthouses" class="mw-redirect" title="Lighthouses">Lighthouses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_navigation" title="History of navigation">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swell_(ocean)#Navigation" title="Swell (ocean)">Ocean swell</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marshall_Islands_stick_chart" title="Marshall Islands stick chart">Stick chart</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Periplus" title="Periplus">Periplus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piloting" title="Piloting">Piloting</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pilot_boat" title="Pilot boat">Pilot boat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maritime_pilot" title="Maritime pilot">Maritime pilot</a></li></ul></li> <li>By region: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inuit_navigation" title="Inuit navigation">Inuit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micronesian_navigation" title="Micronesian navigation">Micronesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polynesian_navigation" title="Polynesian navigation">Polynesia</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Port#Historical_ports" title="Port">Ports</a> and<br />harbors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aden" title="Aden">Aden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adulis" title="Adulis">Adulis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandria" title="Alexandria">Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arikamedu" title="Arikamedu">Arikamedu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arsinoe_(Gulf_of_Suez)" title="Arsinoe (Gulf of Suez)">Arsinoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avalites" title="Avalites">Avalites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbarikon" title="Barbarikon">Barbarikon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bharuch" title="Bharuch">Barygaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basra" title="Basra">Basra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berenice_Troglodytica" title="Berenice Troglodytica">Berenice Troglodytica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canopus,_Egypt" title="Canopus, Egypt">Canopus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chittagong" title="Chittagong">Chittagong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Essina" title="Essina">Essina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiaozhi" title="Jiaozhi">Giao Chỉ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godavaya" title="Godavaya">Godavaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_of_Guangzhou" title="Port of Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_of_Jambukola" title="Port of Jambukola">Jambukola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeddah" title="Jeddah">Jeddah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puhar,_Mayiladuthurai" title="Puhar, Mayiladuthurai">Kaveri Poompattinam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kedah" title="Kedah">Kedah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korkai" title="Korkai">Korkai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lothal#Dockyard" title="Lothal">Lothal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manthai" title="Manthai">Manthai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madurai" title="Madurai">Madurai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malao" title="Malao">Malao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mersa_Gawasis" title="Mersa Gawasis">Mersa Gawasis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myos_Hormos" title="Myos Hormos">Myos Hormos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mottama" title="Mottama">Martaban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chonburi_province" title="Chonburi province">Mueang Phra Rot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muscat" title="Muscat">Muscat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muziris" title="Muziris">Muziris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%93c_Eo" title="Óc Eo">Óc Eo</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cattigara" title="Cattigara">Cattigara</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opone" title="Opone">Opone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostia_Antica" title="Ostia Antica">Ostia Antica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palembang" title="Palembang">Palembang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piraeus#Ancient_and_medieval_times" title="Piraeus">Piraeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prosphorion_Harbour" title="Prosphorion Harbour">Prosphorion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemais_Theron" title="Ptolemais Theron">Ptolemais Theron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qal%27at_al-Bahrain" title="Qal'at al-Bahrain">Qal'at al-Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qandala" title="Qandala">Qandala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kollam" title="Kollam">Quilon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhacotis" title="Rhacotis">Rhacotis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarapion" title="Sarapion">Sarapion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sathing_Phra_district" title="Sathing Phra district">Satingpra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidon" title="Sidon">Sidon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socotra" title="Socotra">Socotra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonargaon" title="Sonargaon">Sounagoura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trincomalee" title="Trincomalee">Trincomalee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulum" title="Tulum">Tulum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyndis" title="Tyndis">Tyndis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyre,_Lebanon" title="Tyre, Lebanon">Tyre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wadi_al-Jarf" title="Wadi al-Jarf">Wadi al-Jarf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Zanzibar" title="History of Zanzibar">Zanzibar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Galley_-_Layard_-_Ninive_page_324_detail.png/120px-Galley_-_Layard_-_Ninive_page_324_detail.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Galley_-_Layard_-_Ninive_page_324_detail.png/180px-Galley_-_Layard_-_Ninive_page_324_detail.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Galley_-_Layard_-_Ninive_page_324_detail.png/240px-Galley_-_Layard_-_Ninive_page_324_detail.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="353" /></span></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="vertical-align:center; text-align:center;"><div id="History" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_maritime_history" title="Ancient maritime history">History</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Maritime_prehistory" class="mw-redirect" title="Maritime prehistory">Prehistory</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maritime_timeline#Prehistory" title="Maritime timeline">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Britain" title="Prehistoric Britain">Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oceania#Prehistory_of_Oceania" title="Oceania">Oceania</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Remote_Oceania" title="Remote Oceania">Remote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Near_Oceania" title="Near Oceania">Near</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubaid_period" title="Ubaid period">Ubaid period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indus_Valley_Civilisation" title="Indus Valley Civilisation">Indus Valley</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Civilizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egypt" title="Ancient Egypt">Ancient Egypt</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="Old Kingdom of Egypt">Old Kingdom</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austronesian_peoples" title="Austronesian peoples">Austronesia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_jade_culture" title="Philippine jade culture">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sa_Hu%E1%BB%B3nh_culture" title="Sa Huỳnh culture">Sa Huỳnh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lapita_culture" title="Lapita culture">Lapita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micronesians" title="Micronesians">Micronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langkasuka" title="Langkasuka">Langkasuka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kedah" title="Kedah">Kedah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champa" title="Champa">Champa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kutai" title="Kutai">Kutai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarumanagara" title="Tarumanagara">Tarumanagara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalingga_kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalingga kingdom">Kalingga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Srivijaya" title="Srivijaya">Srivijaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunda_Kingdom" title="Sunda Kingdom">Sunda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polynesians" title="Polynesians">Polynesia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minoan_Civilization" class="mw-redirect" title="Minoan Civilization">Minoan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indus_Valley_Civilisation" title="Indus Valley Civilisation">Indus Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamilakam" title="Tamilakam">Tamilakam</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chola_dynasty" title="Chola dynasty">Chola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chera_dynasty" title="Chera dynasty">Chera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandya_dynasty" title="Pandya dynasty">Pandya</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maritime_history_of_Somalia" title="Maritime history of Somalia">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dilmun" title="Dilmun">Dilmun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_civilization" title="Maya civilization">Maya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuragic_civilization" title="Nuragic civilization">Nuragic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mycenaean_Greece" title="Mycenaean Greece">Mycenaean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenicia" title="Phoenicia">Phoenicia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olmecs" title="Olmecs">Olmecs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carthaginian_civilization" class="mw-redirect" title="Carthaginian civilization">Carthage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_city-states" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek city-states">Greece</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archaic_Greece" title="Archaic Greece">Archaic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_Greece" title="Classical Greece">Classical</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_Empire" title="Achaemenid Empire">Achaemenid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nabataean_Kingdom" title="Nabataean Kingdom">Nabatea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Aksum" title="Kingdom of Aksum">Aksum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_maritime_migration_and_exploration" title="Timeline of maritime migration and exploration">Migration and<br />exploration</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peopling_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Peopling of Australia">Peopling of Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peopling_of_Micronesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Peopling of Micronesia">Peopling of Micronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austronesian_peoples#Migration_from_Taiwan" title="Austronesian peoples">Austronesian Expansion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greeks_in_pre-Roman_Gaul" title="Greeks in pre-Roman Gaul">Greeks in pre-Roman Gaul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocean_exploration" title="Ocean exploration">Ocean exploration</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phoenician_maritime_expansion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phoenician maritime expansion (page does not exist)">Phoenician maritime expansion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phoenician%E2%80%93Punic_Sardinia" title="Phoenician–Punic Sardinia">Sardinia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Necho_II#Phoenician_expedition" title="Necho II">Circumnavigation of Africa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pytheas#Voyage_to_Britain" title="Pytheas">Pytheas' voyage to Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gnaeus_Julius_Agricola" title="Gnaeus Julius Agricola">Roman circumnavigation of Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_maritime_migration_and_exploration" title="Timeline of maritime migration and exploration">Timeline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mariners and<br />explorers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henenu_(high_steward)" title="Henenu (high steward)">Henenu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euthymenes" title="Euthymenes">Euthymenes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanno_the_Navigator" title="Hanno the Navigator">Hanno the Navigator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Himilco" title="Himilco">Himilco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sataspes" title="Sataspes">Sataspes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Androsthenes_of_Thasos" title="Androsthenes of Thasos">Androsthenes of Thasos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archias_of_Pella" title="Archias of Pella">Archias of Pella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_the_Great" title="Alexander the Great">Alexander the Great</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nearchus" title="Nearchus">Nearchus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pytheas" title="Pytheas">Pytheas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megasthenes" title="Megasthenes">Megasthenes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xu_Fu" title="Xu Fu">Xu Fu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hippalus" title="Hippalus">Hippalus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar">Julius Caesar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eudoxus_of_Cyzicus" title="Eudoxus of Cyzicus">Eudoxus of Cyzicus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maes_Titianus" title="Maes Titianus">Maes Titianus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Military</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_navies_and_vessels" title="Ancient navies and vessels">Navies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_navy" title="Ancient Egyptian navy">Egyptian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_navy" title="Achaemenid navy">Achaemenid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_warfare#Naval_tactics" title="Ancient Greek warfare">Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_navy" title="Roman navy">Roman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_naval_battles" title="List of naval battles">Battles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Mediterranean:</b>   <a href="/wiki/Battles_of_Alashiya" title="Battles of Alashiya">Alashiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Delta" title="Battle of the Delta">Nile Delta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Salamis" title="Battle of Salamis">Salamis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Artemisium" title="Battle of Artemisium">Artemisium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Eurymedon" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Eurymedon">Eurymedon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Naupactus" title="Battle of Naupactus">Naupactus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Olpae" title="Battle of Olpae">Olpae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sicilian_Expedition" title="Sicilian Expedition">Syracuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cynossema" title="Battle of Cynossema">Cynossema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Arginusae" title="Battle of Arginusae">Arginusae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mytilene_(406_BC)" title="Battle of Mytilene (406 BC)">Mytilene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hellespont" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Hellespont">Hellespont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Echinades_(322_BC)" title="Battle of the Echinades (322 BC)">Echinades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Salamis_(306_BC)" title="Battle of Salamis (306 BC)">Salamis II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mylae" title="Battle of Mylae">Mylae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cape_Hermaeum" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Cape Hermaeum">Cape Hermaeum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ecnomus" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Ecnomus">Ecnomus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Drepana" title="Battle of Drepana">Drepana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Aegates" title="Battle of the Aegates">Aegates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lake_Trasimene" title="Battle of Lake Trasimene">Lake Trasimene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chios_(201_BC)" title="Battle of Chios (201 BC)">Chios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Myonessus" title="Battle of Myonessus">Myonessus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Nile" title="Battle of the Nile">Nile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Naulochus" title="Battle of Naulochus">Naulochus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mycale" title="Battle of Mycale">Mycale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Actium" title="Battle of Actium">Actium</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tactics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Naval_boarding" title="Naval boarding">Boarding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grappling_hook" title="Grappling hook">Grappling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incendiary_device" title="Incendiary device">Incendiaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oared_vessel_tactics" title="Oared vessel tactics">Oared vessels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailing_ship_tactics" title="Sailing ship tactics">Sailing ships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_warfare#Naval_tactics" title="Ancient Greek warfare">Greek navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramming" title="Ramming">Ramming</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By region</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_exploration" title="Chinese exploration">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_maritime_history" title="Indian maritime history">India</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maritime_history_of_Odisha" title="Maritime history of Odisha">Odisha</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_history_of_Japan" title="Naval history of Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ships_of_ancient_Rome" title="Ships of ancient Rome">Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maritime_history_of_South_America&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maritime history of South America (page does not exist)">South America</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pre-Columbian_rafts" title="Pre-Columbian rafts">Rafts</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Galley_-_Layard_-_Ninive_page_324_detail.png/120px-Galley_-_Layard_-_Ninive_page_324_detail.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Galley_-_Layard_-_Ninive_page_324_detail.png/180px-Galley_-_Layard_-_Ninive_page_324_detail.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Galley_-_Layard_-_Ninive_page_324_detail.png/240px-Galley_-_Layard_-_Ninive_page_324_detail.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="353" /></span></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="vertical-align:center; text-align:center;"><div id="Economy_and_trade" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Economy and <a href="/wiki/Trade#Ancient_history" title="Trade">trade</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_whaling" title="History of whaling">Whaling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_fishing" title="History of fishing">Fishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_trade" title="Ancient Egyptian trade">Egypt</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Land_of_Punt" title="Land of Punt">Land of Punt</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo%E2%80%93Mesopotamia_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo–Mesopotamia relations">Indo–Mesopotamia relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meluhha" title="Meluhha">Meluhha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_jade_culture" title="Philippine jade culture">Maritime Jade Route</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tin_sources_and_trade_in_ancient_times#Trade" class="mw-redirect" title="Tin sources and trade in ancient times">Tin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spice_trade" title="Spice trade">Spice trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Southeast_Asia#Early_historical_era" title="History of Southeast Asia">Austronesian network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sa_Huynh-Kalanay_Interaction_Sphere" class="mw-redirect" title="Sa Huynh-Kalanay Interaction Sphere">Sa Huynh-Kalanay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incense_trade_route" title="Incense trade route">Incense trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maritime_Silk_Road" title="Maritime Silk Road">Maritime Silk Road</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Periplus_of_the_Erythraean_Sea" title="Periplus of the Erythraean Sea">Periplus of the Erythraean Sea</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maritime_trade_in_the_Maya_civilization" title="Maritime trade in the Maya civilization">Maya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_ancient_Greece#Trade" title="Economy of ancient Greece">Greece</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece%E2%80%93Ancient_India_relations#Trade" title="Ancient Greece–Ancient India relations">Greco–Indian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_shipping" title="Greek shipping">shipping</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_commerce#Sea_routes" title="Roman commerce">Rome</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Roman_trade_relations" title="Indo-Roman trade relations">Indo–Roman</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Galley_-_Layard_-_Ninive_page_324_detail.png/120px-Galley_-_Layard_-_Ninive_page_324_detail.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Galley_-_Layard_-_Ninive_page_324_detail.png/180px-Galley_-_Layard_-_Ninive_page_324_detail.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Galley_-_Layard_-_Ninive_page_324_detail.png/240px-Galley_-_Layard_-_Ninive_page_324_detail.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="353" /></span></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="vertical-align:center; text-align:center;"><div id="Piracy" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Piracy</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Piracy#History" title="Piracy">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Mediterranean_piracy" title="Ancient Mediterranean piracy">Mediterranean piracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ameinias_the_Phocian" title="Ameinias the Phocian">Ameinias the Phocian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cilician_pirates" title="Cilician pirates">Cilician pirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_pirates#Piracy_in_the_ancient_world:_pirates_of_Joppa" title="Jewish pirates">Jewish pirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_life_and_career_of_Julius_Caesar#Kidnapping_by_pirates" title="Early life and career of Julius Caesar">Kidnapping of Julius Caesar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pompey%27s_campaign_against_the_pirates" title="Pompey's campaign against the pirates">Pompey's campaign against the pirates</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Galley_-_Layard_-_Ninive_page_324_detail.png/120px-Galley_-_Layard_-_Ninive_page_324_detail.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Galley_-_Layard_-_Ninive_page_324_detail.png/180px-Galley_-_Layard_-_Ninive_page_324_detail.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Galley_-_Layard_-_Ninive_page_324_detail.png/240px-Galley_-_Layard_-_Ninive_page_324_detail.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="353" /></span></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="vertical-align:center; text-align:center;"><div id="Research_and_education" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Research and education</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Scholars</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historians</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/David_Blackman" title="David Blackman">David Blackman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lionel_Casson" title="Lionel Casson">Lionel Casson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fik_Meijer" title="Fik Meijer">Fik Meijer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Sinclair_Morrison" title="John Sinclair Morrison">John Sinclair Morrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Ledyard_Rodgers" title="William Ledyard Rodgers">William L. Rodgers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chester_G._Starr" title="Chester G. Starr">Chester G. Starr</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Archaeologists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Bass_(archaeologist)" title="George Bass (archaeologist)">George Bass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Yves_Empereur" title="Jean-Yves Empereur">Jean-Yves Empereur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boris_Rankov" title="Boris Rankov">Boris Rankov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Richard_Steffy" title="J. Richard Steffy">J. Richard Steffy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Throckmorton" title="Peter Throckmorton">Peter Throckmorton</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shelley_Wachsmann&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shelley Wachsmann (page does not exist)">Shelley Wachsmann</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics<br />and theories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coastal_defence_and_fortification" title="Coastal defence and fortification">Coastal defence and fortification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grave_goods" title="Grave goods">Grave goods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lighthouse" title="Lighthouse">Lighthouses</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lighthouse_of_Alexandria" title="Lighthouse of Alexandria">Alexandria</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_art" title="Marine art">Marine art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_navigation" title="Marine navigation">Marine navigation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maritime_archaeology" title="Maritime archaeology">Maritime archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_warfare#Mediterranean_Sea" title="Naval warfare">Naval warfare</a></li> <li>Maritime temples <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Isthmia" title="Temple of Isthmia">Temple of Isthmia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Poseidon,_Sounion" title="Temple of Poseidon, Sounion">Temple of Poseidon, Sounion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samothrace_temple_complex" title="Samothrace temple complex">Samothrace temple complex</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nusantao_Maritime_Trading_and_Communication_Network" title="Nusantao Maritime Trading and Communication Network">Nusantao network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theory_of_Phoenician_discovery_of_the_Americas" title="Theory of Phoenician discovery of the Americas">Phoenician discovery of America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-Columbian_transoceanic_contact_theories" title="Pre-Columbian transoceanic contact theories">Pre-Columbian theories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_Peoples" title="Sea Peoples">Sea Peoples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shipbuilding" title="Shipbuilding">Shipbuilding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midden#Shells" title="Midden">Shell middens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ship_burial" title="Ship burial">Ship burial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tacking_(sailing)" title="Tacking (sailing)">Tacking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thalassocracy" title="Thalassocracy">Thalassocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_archaeology" title="Underwater archaeology">Underwater archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_exploration" title="Underwater exploration">Underwater exploration</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Archaeology_of_shipwrecks" title="Archaeology of shipwrecks">Wrecks<br />and relics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_shipwrecks_before_Anno_Domini" title="List of shipwrecks before Anno Domini">Earliest</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pesse_canoe" title="Pesse canoe">Pesse canoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dufuna_canoe" title="Dufuna canoe">Dufuna canoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abydos_boats" title="Abydos boats">Abydos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moor_Sand_site" title="Moor Sand site">Moor Sand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dokos_shipwreck" title="Dokos shipwreck">Dokos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khufu_ship" title="Khufu ship">Khufu ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dover_Bronze_Age_Boat" title="Dover Bronze Age Boat">Dover Bronze Age Boat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uluburun_shipwreck" title="Uluburun shipwreck">Uluburun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canaanite_shipwreck" title="Canaanite shipwreck">Canaanite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Gelidonya#Bronze_Age_shipwreck" title="Cape Gelidonya">Cape Gelidonya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wreck_of_Rochelongue" title="Wreck of Rochelongue">Rochelongue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hjortspring_boat" title="Hjortspring boat">Hjortspring</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austronesian_peoples" title="Austronesian peoples">Austronesia</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pontian_boat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pontian boat (page does not exist)">Pontian boat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balangay#Butuan_boats" title="Balangay">Butuan boats</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Black_Sea_shipwrecks" title="Ancient Black Sea shipwrecks">Black Sea‎</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sinop_D" title="Sinop D">Sinop D</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marsala_Punic_shipwreck" title="Marsala Punic shipwreck">Marsala</a></li> <li>Greek: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ashkelon_shipwrecks" title="Ashkelon shipwrecks">Ashkelon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrenia_ship" class="mw-redirect" title="Kyrenia ship">Kyrenia</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Leontophoros" title="Leontophoros">Leontophoros</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Syracusia" title="Syracusia">Syracusia</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>Phoenician: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gozo_Phoenician_shipwreck" title="Gozo Phoenician shipwreck">Gozo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bajo_de_la_Campana_Phoenician_shipwreck" title="Bajo de la Campana Phoenician shipwreck">Bajo de la Campana</a></li></ul></li> <li>Punic: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marsala_Punic_shipwreck" title="Marsala Punic shipwreck">Marsala Punic shipwreck</a></li></ul></li> <li>Roman: <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Alkedo" title="Alkedo">Alkedo</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arles_Rh%C3%B4ne_3" title="Arles Rhône 3">Arles Rhône 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackfriars_shipwrecks" title="Blackfriars shipwrecks">Blackfriars I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caligula%27s_Giant_Ship" title="Caligula's Giant Ship">Caligula's Giant Ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Ships_of_De_Meern" title="The Ships of De Meern">De Meern ships</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Isis_(ship)" title="Isis (ship)">Isis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Madrague_de_Giens_(shipwreck)" title="Madrague de Giens (shipwreck)">Madrague de Giens</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nemi_ships" title="Nemi ships">Nemi ships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_ship_of_Marausa" title="Roman ship of Marausa">Marausa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yassi_Ada" title="Yassi Ada">Yassi Ada</a></li></ul></li> <li>Lists: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_oldest_surviving_ships" title="List of oldest surviving ships">Oldest surviving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_museum_ships" title="List of museum ships">Museum ships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_surviving_ancient_ships" title="List of surviving ancient ships">Surviving ancient ships</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sites</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/H3_(Kuwait)" title="H3 (Kuwait)">H3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qal%27at_al-Bahrain" title="Qal'at al-Bahrain">Qal'at al-Bahrain</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Experimental<br />archaeology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ship_replica" title="Ship replica">Ship replica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thor_Heyerdahl" title="Thor Heyerdahl">Heyerdahl expeditions</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Kon-Tiki_expedition" title="Kon-Tiki expedition">Kon-Tiki</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thor_Heyerdahl#Boats_Ra_and_Ra_II" title="Thor Heyerdahl"><i>Ra</i> and <i>Ra II</i></a></li></ul></li> <li>Austronesian replicas <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/H%C5%8Dk%C5%ABle%CA%BBa" title="Hōkūleʻa">Hōkūleʻa</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sarimanok_(vinta)" title="Sarimanok (vinta)">Sarimanok</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Te_Au_o_Tonga" title="Te Au o Tonga">Te Au o Tonga</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hawai%CA%BBiloa#Canoe" title="Hawaiʻiloa">Hawaiʻiloa canoe</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Samudra_Raksa" title="Samudra Raksa">Samudra Raksa</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Alingano_Maisu" title="Alingano Maisu">Alingano Maisu</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sakman" title="Sakman">Saina</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balangay#Balangay_Voyage" title="Balangay">Balangay Voyage</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fa%CA%BBafaite" title="Faʻafaite">Faʻafaite</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gaualofa" title="Gaualofa">Gaualofa</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Marumaru_Atua" title="Marumaru Atua">Marumaru Atua</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>Mediterranean <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Olympias_(trireme)" title="Olympias (trireme)">Olympias</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Navis_lusoria#Other_reconstructions" title="Navis lusoria">Regina</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenician_Ship_Expedition" title="Phoenician Ship Expedition">Phoenician Ship Expedition</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viking_ship_replica" title="Viking ship replica">Viking replicas</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Viking_(replica_Viking_longship)" title="Viking (replica Viking longship)">Viking</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>Others <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vital_Alsar_Pacific_raft_expeditions" title="Vital Alsar Pacific raft expeditions">Vital Alsar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivlia_(ship)" title="Ivlia (ship)"><i>Ivlia</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abora_(expeditions)" title="Abora (expeditions)">Abora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viracocha_expedition" title="Viracocha expedition">Viracocha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangaroa_Expedition" title="Tangaroa Expedition">Tangaroa</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Institutes and <br />conferences</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advisory_Council_on_Underwater_Archaeology" title="Advisory Council on Underwater Archaeology">Advisory Council on Underwater Archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archaeological_Institute_of_America" title="Archaeological Institute of America">Archaeological Institute of America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Association_of_Archaeologists" title="European Association of Archaeologists">European Association of Archaeologists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Nautical_Archaeology" title="Institute of Nautical Archaeology">Institute of Nautical Archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Congress_of_Maritime_Museums" title="International Congress of Maritime Museums">International Congress of Maritime Museums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nautical_Archaeology_Society" title="Nautical Archaeology Society">Nautical Archaeology Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RPM_Nautical_Foundation" title="RPM Nautical Foundation">RPM Nautical Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_Research_Society" title="Sea Research Society">Sea Research Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_for_American_Archaeology" title="Society for American Archaeology">Society for American Archaeology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Museums and<br />memorials</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boat_Museum,_Kolkata" title="Boat Museum, Kolkata">Boat Museum, Kolkata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bodrum_Castle#Museum_of_Underwater_Archaeology" title="Bodrum Castle">Bodrum Museum of Underwater Archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giza_Solar_boat_museum" title="Giza Solar boat museum">Giza Solar boat museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Egyptian_Museum" title="Grand Egyptian Museum">Grand Egyptian Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrenia_Castle#Shipwreck_museum" title="Kyrenia Castle">Ancient Shipwreck Museum at Kyrenia Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Ancient_Seafaring" title="Museum of Ancient Seafaring">Museum of Ancient Seafaring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Ancient_Ships,_Pisa" title="Museum of Ancient Ships, Pisa">Museum of Ancient Ships, Pisa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_Subaquatic_Archaeology" title="National Museum of Subaquatic Archaeology">National Museum of Subaquatic Archaeology</a></li> <li>Viking ship museums: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Viking_Ship_Museum_(Oslo)" title="Viking Ship Museum (Oslo)">Oslo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viking_Ship_Museum_(Roskilde)" title="Viking Ship Museum (Roskilde)">Roskilde</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Galley_-_Layard_-_Ninive_page_324_detail.png/120px-Galley_-_Layard_-_Ninive_page_324_detail.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Galley_-_Layard_-_Ninive_page_324_detail.png/180px-Galley_-_Layard_-_Ninive_page_324_detail.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Galley_-_Layard_-_Ninive_page_324_detail.png/240px-Galley_-_Layard_-_Ninive_page_324_detail.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="353" /></span></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="vertical-align:center; text-align:center;"><div id="Legend_and_literature" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Legend and literature</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Legend" title="Legend">Legend</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ark_of_bulrushes" title="Ark of bulrushes">Ark of bulrushes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_flood_myths" title="List of flood myths">Flood myths</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Genesis_flood_narrative" title="Genesis flood narrative">Genesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilgamesh_flood_myth" title="Gilgamesh flood myth">Gilgamesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_flood_myths" title="Ancient Greek flood myths">Greek</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Literature" title="Literature">Literature</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Odyssey" title="Odyssey">Odyssey</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Histories_(Herodotus)" title="Histories (Herodotus)"><i>The Histories</i> (Herodotus)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/On_the_Ocean_(Pytheas)" class="mw-redirect" title="On the Ocean (Pytheas)">On the Ocean</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Argonautica" title="Argonautica">Argonautica</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Histories_(Polybius)" title="The Histories (Polybius)"><i>The Histories</i> (Polybius)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Metamorphoses" title="Metamorphoses">Metamorphoses</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Geography_(Ptolemy)" title="Geography (Ptolemy)">Geography</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aeneid" title="Aeneid">Aeneid</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Galley_-_Layard_-_Ninive_page_324_detail.png/120px-Galley_-_Layard_-_Ninive_page_324_detail.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Galley_-_Layard_-_Ninive_page_324_detail.png/180px-Galley_-_Layard_-_Ninive_page_324_detail.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Galley_-_Layard_-_Ninive_page_324_detail.png/240px-Galley_-_Layard_-_Ninive_page_324_detail.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="353" /></span></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q153732#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q153732#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q153732#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4249309-2">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n85231275">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12196971x">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12196971x">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00629290">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Mariany (souostroví)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge841576&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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