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<li id="toc-Relationship_to_British_Israelism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relationship_to_British_Israelism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Relationship to British Israelism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Relationship_to_British_Israelism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_influences" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_influences"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Early influences</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_influences-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Emergence_as_a_separate_movement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Emergence_as_a_separate_movement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Emergence as a separate movement</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Emergence_as_a_separate_movement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Beliefs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Beliefs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Beliefs</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Beliefs-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Beliefs subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Beliefs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Two_House_theology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Two_House_theology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Two House theology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Two_House_theology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Adamites_and_pre-Adamites" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Adamites_and_pre-Adamites"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Adamites and pre-Adamites</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Adamites_and_pre-Adamites-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Serpent_seed" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Serpent_seed"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Serpent seed</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Serpent_seed-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Scientific_racism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Scientific_racism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Scientific racism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Scientific_racism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Views_on_homosexuality" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Views_on_homosexuality"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Views on homosexuality</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Views_on_homosexuality-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Views_on_racial_politics_and_economics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Views_on_racial_politics_and_economics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Views on racial politics and economics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Views_on_racial_politics_and_economics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Opposition_to_the_banking_system" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Opposition_to_the_banking_system"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>Opposition to the banking system</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Opposition_to_the_banking_system-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eschatology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eschatology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8</span> <span>Eschatology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eschatology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Organizations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organizations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Organizations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Organizations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Revolutionary_violence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Revolutionary_violence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Revolutionary violence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Revolutionary_violence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Christian Identity</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 19 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-19" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">19 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="هوية مسيحية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="هوية مسيحية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xristian_kimliyi" title="Xristian kimliyi – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Xristian kimliyi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Identitat_Cristiana" title="Identitat Cristiana – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Identitat Cristiana" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian-Identity-Bewegung" title="Christian-Identity-Bewegung – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Christian-Identity-Bewegung" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Identidad_cristiana" title="Identidad cristiana – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Identidad cristiana" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_Identity_Movement" title="Christian Identity Movement – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Christian Identity Movement" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%EB%8F%85%EA%B5%90_%EC%A0%95%EC%B2%B4%EC%84%B1" title="기독교 정체성 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="기독교 정체성" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Identitas_Kristen" title="Identitas Kristen – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Identitas Kristen" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Identity_Christianity" title="Identity Christianity – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Identity Christianity" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%96%D7%94%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%A6%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%AA" title="זהות נוצרית – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="זהות נוצרית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasnameya_Xiristiyan%C3%AE" title="Nasnameya Xiristiyanî – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Nasnameya Xiristiyanî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_Identity" title="Christian Identity – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Christian Identity" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B9%E3%83%81%E3%83%A3%E3%83%B3%E3%82%A2%E3%82%A4%E3%83%87%E3%83%B3%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3%E3%83%BC" title="クリスチャンアイデンティティー – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="クリスチャンアイデンティティー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Identidade_Crist%C3%A3" title="Identidade Cristã – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Identidade Cristã" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Identitatea_Cre%C8%99tin%C4%83" title="Identitatea Creștină – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Identitatea Creștină" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Идентичное христианство – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Идентичное христианство" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%95%DB%8C_%D9%85%DB%95%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%AD%DB%8C" title="ناسنامەی مەسیحی – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ناسنامەی مەسیحی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristillinen_identiteetti" title="Kristillinen identiteetti – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kristillinen identiteetti" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Identitetskristna" title="Identitetskristna – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Identitetskristna" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q477317#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div 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.sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Christian_Identity" title="Category:Christian Identity">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Christian Identity</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base);border-top:none;">Organizations</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/11th_Hour_Remnant_Messenger" title="11th Hour Remnant Messenger">11th Hour Remnant Messenger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Christian_Soldiers" title="Assembly of Christian Soldiers">Assembly of Christian Soldiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aryan_Nations" title="Aryan Nations">Aryan Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aryan_Republican_Army" title="Aryan Republican Army">Aryan Republican Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Defense_League" title="Christian Defense League">Christian Defense League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Nationalist_Crusade" title="Christian Nationalist Crusade">Christian Nationalist Crusade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Israel" title="Church of Israel">Church of Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Jesus_Christ%E2%80%93Christian" title="Church of Jesus Christ–Christian">Church of Jesus Christ–Christian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Covenant,_the_Sword,_and_the_Arm_of_the_Lord" title="The Covenant, the Sword, and the Arm of the Lord">The Covenant, the Sword, and the Arm of the Lord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_Identity_Ministries" title="Kingdom Identity Ministries">Kingdom Identity Ministries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LaPorte_Church_of_Christ" title="LaPorte Church of Christ">LaPorte Church of Christ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Emancipation_of_our_White_Seed" title="National Emancipation of our White Seed">National Emancipation of our White Seed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Order_(white_supremacist_group)" title="The Order (white supremacist group)">The Order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Posse_Comitatus_(organization)" title="Posse Comitatus (organization)">Posse Comitatus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Shepherd%27s_Chapel" title="The Shepherd's Chapel">The Shepherd's Chapel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Church_of_God_(Yahweh)" class="mw-redirect" title="Universal Church of God (Yahweh)">Universal Church of God (Yahweh)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Patriot_Party" title="White Patriot Party">White Patriot Party</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base);border-top:none;">Notable individuals</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/E._Raymond_Capt" title="E. Raymond Capt">E. Raymond Capt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Jacinto_Capt" title="San Jacinto Capt">San Jacinto Capt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Butler_(white_supremacist)" title="Richard Butler (white supremacist)">Richard Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertrand_Comparet" title="Bertrand Comparet">Bertrand Comparet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Ellison_(white_supremacist)" title="James Ellison (white supremacist)">James Ellison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheldon_Emry" title="Sheldon Emry">Sheldon Emry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conrad_Gaard" title="Conrad Gaard">Conrad Gaard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Potter_Gale" title="William Potter Gale">William Potter Gale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Goff" title="Kenneth Goff">Kenneth Goff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Haberman" title="Frederick Haberman">Frederick Haberman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Kahl" title="Gordon Kahl">Gordon Kahl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_Kreis" title="August Kreis">August Kreis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willie_Ray_Lampley" title="Willie Ray Lampley">Willie Ray Lampley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elohim_City,_Oklahoma" title="Elohim City, Oklahoma">Robert G. Millar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerald_L._K._Smith" title="Gerald L. K. Smith">Gerald L. K. Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wesley_A._Swift" title="Wesley A. Swift">Wesley Swift</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_K._Warner" title="James K. Warner">James K. Warner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Wickstrom" title="James Wickstrom">James Wickstrom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerald_Burton_Winrod" title="Gerald Burton Winrod">Gerald Burton Winrod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Winrod" title="Gordon Winrod">Gordon Winrod</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base);border-top:none;">Concepts</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Israelism" title="British Israelism">British Israelism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curse_and_mark_of_Cain" title="Curse and mark of Cain">Curse and mark of Cain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curse_of_Ham" title="Curse of Ham">Curse of Ham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khazar_hypothesis_of_Ashkenazi_ancestry" title="Khazar hypothesis of Ashkenazi ancestry">Khazar hypothesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phineas_Priesthood" title="Phineas Priesthood">Phineas Priesthood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-Adamite" title="Pre-Adamite">Pre-Adamism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Race_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Race war">Race war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serpent_seed" title="Serpent seed">Serpent seed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two_House_theology" title="Two House theology">Two House theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_genocide_conspiracy_theory" title="White genocide conspiracy theory">White genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zionist_Occupation_Government_conspiracy_theory" title="Zionist Occupation Government conspiracy theory">Zionist Occupation Government</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="padding-top:0.15em;"> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" 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href="/wiki/Template_talk:Christian_Identity_sidebar" title="Template talk:Christian Identity sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Christian_Identity_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Christian Identity sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Antisemitism" title="Category:Antisemitism">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism" title="Antisemitism">Antisemitism</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Yellow_badge" title="Yellow badge"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Yellowbadge_logo.svg/100px-Yellowbadge_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Yellowbadge_logo.svg/150px-Yellowbadge_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Yellowbadge_logo.svg/200px-Yellowbadge_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="436" data-file-height="503" /></a></span><div class="sidebar-caption"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>Part of <a href="/wiki/Jewish_history" title="Jewish history">Jewish history</a> and <a href="/wiki/Discrimination" title="Discrimination">discrimination</a></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_antisemitism" title="History of antisemitism">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_antisemitism" title="Timeline of antisemitism">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_writers_on_antisemitism" title="List of writers on antisemitism">Reference</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base);border-top:none;">Definitions</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Working_definition_of_antisemitism" title="Working definition of antisemitism">IHRA definition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Declaration_on_Antisemitism" title="Jerusalem Declaration on Antisemitism">Jerusalem Declaration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nexus_Task_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Nexus Task Force">Nexus Document</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Ds_of_antisemitism" title="Three Ds of antisemitism">Three Ds</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base);border-top:none;"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_antisemitism" class="mw-redirect" title="Geography of antisemitism">Geography</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_Argentina" title="Antisemitism in Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_Australia" title="Antisemitism in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_contemporary_Austria" title="Antisemitism in contemporary Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_Belarus" class="mw-redirect" title="Antisemitism in Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_contemporary_Belgium" title="Antisemitism in contemporary Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_Canada" title="Antisemitism in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_China" title="Antisemitism in China">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_Chile" title="Antisemitism in Chile">Chilean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_Costa_Rica" title="Antisemitism in Costa Rica">Costa Rican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_Europe" title="Antisemitism in Europe">Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_France" title="Antisemitism in France">France</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dreyfus_affair" title="Dreyfus affair">Dreyfus affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_21st-century_France" title="Antisemitism in 21st-century France">21st-century</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_21st-century_Germany" title="Antisemitism in 21st-century Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_Greece" title="Antisemitism in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_contemporary_Hungary" title="Antisemitism in contemporary Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_21st-century_Italy" title="Antisemitism in 21st-century Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_Japan" title="Antisemitism in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_New_Zealand" title="Antisemitism in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_contemporary_Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="Antisemitism in contemporary Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_Pakistan" title="Antisemitism in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Racism in the State of Palestine">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_Romania" title="Antisemitism in Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_Russia" title="Antisemitism in Russia">Russia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_the_Russian_Empire" title="Antisemitism in the Russian Empire">Imperial Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Antisemitism in the Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin_and_antisemitism" title="Joseph Stalin and antisemitism">Stalinist</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Antisemitism in Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabian_textbook_controversy" title="Saudi Arabian textbook controversy">textbook controversy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_South_Africa" title="Antisemitism in South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_Spain" title="Antisemitism in Spain">Spain</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Matar_jud%C3%ADos" title="Matar judíos">Matar judíos</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_Sweden" title="Antisemitism in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_Turkey" title="Antisemitism in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_Ukraine" title="Antisemitism in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Antisemitism in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_the_UK_Conservative_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Antisemitism in the UK Conservative Party">Conservative Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_the_UK_Labour_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Antisemitism in the UK Labour Party">Labour Party</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_the_United_States" title="Antisemitism in the United States">USA</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_antisemitism_in_the_United_States" title="History of antisemitism in the United States">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_the_United_States_in_the_21st_century" class="mw-redirect" title="Antisemitism in the United States in the 21st century">21st century</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_Venezuela" title="Antisemitism in Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base);border-top:none;">Manifestations</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Universities_and_antisemitism" title="Universities and antisemitism">Academic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alt-right" title="Alt-right">Alt-right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_the_Arab_world" title="Antisemitism in the Arab world">Arab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creativity_(religion)" title="Creativity (religion)">Creativity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_antisemitism" title="Economic antisemitism">Economic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitic_incidents_during_the_Gaza_War_(2008%E2%80%932009)" title="Antisemitic incidents during the Gaza War (2008–2009)">Gaza War ('08-'09)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_during_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Antisemitism during the Israel–Hamas war">Israel-Hamas war ('23-'24)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holocaust_denial" title="Holocaust denial">Holocaust denial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_antisemitism" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish antisemitism">Jewish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_antisemitism" title="Medieval antisemitism">Medieval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazism" title="Nazism">Nazism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Nazism" title="Neo-Nazism">Neo-Nazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strasserism" title="Strasserism">Strasserism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_antisemitism" title="New antisemitism">New</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_the_Olympic_Games" title="Antisemitism in the Olympic Games">Olympic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_antisemitism" title="Racial antisemitism">Racial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_antisemitism" title="Religious antisemitism">Religious</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_Christianity" title="Antisemitism in Christianity">Christian</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Christian Identity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_Islam" title="Antisemitism in Islam">Islamic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nation_of_Islam_and_antisemitism" title="Nation of Islam and antisemitism">Nation of Islam</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secondary_antisemitism" title="Secondary antisemitism">Secondary</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xenophobia_and_racism_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Xenophobia and racism related to the COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zionist_antisemitism" title="Zionist antisemitism">Zionist</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Antisemitic_trope" title="Antisemitic trope">Antisemitic tropes</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andinia_Plan" title="Andinia Plan">Andinia Plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blood_libel" title="Blood libel">Blood libel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cohen_Plan" title="Cohen Plan">Cohen Plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_Bolshevism" title="Cultural Bolshevism">Cultural Bolshevism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_Marxism_conspiracy_theory" title="Cultural Marxism conspiracy theory">Cultural Marxism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_deicide" title="Jewish deicide">Deicide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitic_canards#Controlling_the_world_financial_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Antisemitic canards">Finance control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Prophecy" title="Franklin Prophecy">Franklin Prophecy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Host_desecration#Medieval_accusations_against_Jews" title="Host desecration">Host desecration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Jewish_conspiracy" title="International Jewish conspiracy">International<wbr /> Jewish conspiracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_lobby#Viewed_as_antisemitic_and/or_pejorative" title="Jewish lobby">Jewish lobby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_war_conspiracy_theory" title="Jewish war conspiracy theory">Jewish war conspiracy theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judensau" title="Judensau">Judensau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Bolshevism" title="Jewish Bolshevism">Judeo-Bolshevism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C5%BBydokomuna" title="Żydokomuna">Żydokomuna</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Masonic_conspiracy_theory" title="Judeo-Masonic conspiracy theory">Judeo-Masonism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosher_tax_conspiracy_theory" title="Kosher tax conspiracy theory">Kosher tax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitic_canards#Controlling_the_media" class="mw-redirect" title="Antisemitic canards">Media control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QAnon#Antisemitism" title="QAnon">QAnon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rootless_cosmopolitan" title="Rootless cosmopolitan">Rootless cosmopolitan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Doctors%27_plot" title="Doctors' plot">Doctors' plot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sl%C3%A1nsk%C3%BD_trial" title="Slánský trial">Slánský trial</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-hating_Jew" title="Self-hating Jew">Self-hating Jew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stab-in-the-back_myth" title="Stab-in-the-back myth">Stab-in-the-back myth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Well_poisoning#History_of_well_poisoning_as_libel" title="Well poisoning">Well poisoning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_genocide_conspiracy_theory#Neo-Nazis'_accusations_against_Jews" title="White genocide conspiracy theory">White genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zionist_Occupation_Government_conspiracy_theory" title="Zionist Occupation Government conspiracy theory">ZOG conspiracy</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Antisemitic_publications" title="Category:Antisemitic publications">Antisemitic publications</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="font-style:italic;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Barnes_Review" title="The Barnes Review">The Barnes Review</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Culture_of_Critique_series" title="The Culture of Critique series">Culture of Critique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Currency_Wars" title="Currency Wars">Currency Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Dearborn_Independent" title="The Dearborn Independent">The Dearborn Independent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_Cleansing_(video_game)" title="Ethnic Cleansing (video game)">Ethnic Cleansing <i>(video game)</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_France_juive" title="La France juive">La France juive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hitlers_Zweites_Buch" title="Hitlers Zweites Buch">Hitlers Zweites Buch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunter_(Pierce_novel)" title="Hunter (Pierce novel)">Hunter (William Luther Pierce)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_Hamas_charter" title="1988 Hamas charter">1988 Hamas Charter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_International_Jew" title="The International Jew">The International Jew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Libre_Parole" title="La Libre Parole">La Libre Parole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Light_(newspaper)" title="The Light (newspaper)">The Light</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mein_Kampf" title="Mein Kampf">Mein Kampf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/On_the_Jews_and_Their_Lies" title="On the Jews and Their Lies">On the Jews and Their Lies</a></li> <li><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.2em 0.4em; line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Our_Race_Will_Rule_Undisputed_Over_The_World" title="Our Race Will Rule Undisputed Over The World">Our Race Will Rule<br />Undisputed Over The World</a></div></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Protocols_of_the_Elders_of_Zion" title="The Protocols of the Elders of Zion">Protocols of the Elders of Zion</a></li> <li><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.2em 0.4em; line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/The_Secret_Relationship_Between_Blacks_and_Jews" title="The Secret Relationship Between Blacks and Jews">The Secret Relationship<br />Between Blacks and Jews</a></div></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_(Mason_book)" title="Siege (Mason book)">Siege</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Turner_Diaries" title="The Turner Diaries">The Turner Diaries</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Antisemitism on the Internet</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki//pol/" title="/pol/">4chan (/pol/)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8chan" title="8chan">8chan</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Stormer" title="The Daily Stormer">The Daily Stormer</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disclose.tv" title="Disclose.tv">Disclose.tv</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Europa:_The_Last_Battle" title="Europa: The Last Battle">Europa: The Last Battle</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gab_(social_network)" title="Gab (social network)">Gab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goebbels_Gap" class="mw-redirect" title="Goebbels Gap">Goebbels Gap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GoyimTV" class="mw-redirect" title="GoyimTV">GoyimTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groypers" title="Groypers">Groypers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jew_Watch" title="Jew Watch">Jew Watch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metapedia" title="Metapedia">Metapedia</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Occidental_Observer" title="Occidental Observer">The Occidental Observer</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Ice" title="Red Ice">Red Ice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renegade_Tribune" class="mw-redirect" title="Renegade Tribune">Renegade Tribune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Right_Stuff_(blog)" title="The Right Stuff (blog)"><i>The Right Stuff</i> (blog)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/StoneToss" title="StoneToss">StoneToss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stormfront_(website)" title="Stormfront (website)">Stormfront</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorgram" title="Terrorgram">Terrorgram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triple_parentheses" title="Triple parentheses">Triple parentheses</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/TruNews" title="TruNews">TruNews</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ron_Unz" title="Ron Unz">The Unz Review</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veterans_Today" title="Veterans Today">Veterans Today</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Prominent figures</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baked_Alaska_(activist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Baked Alaska (activist)">Baked Alaska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Anglin" title="Andrew Anglin">Andrew Anglin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Beam" title="Louis Beam">Louis Beam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Black_(white_supremacist)" title="Don Black (white supremacist)">Don Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_von_Brunn" class="mw-redirect" title="James von Brunn">James von Brunn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Butler_(white_supremacist)" title="Richard Butler (white supremacist)">Richard Girnt Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Drumont" title="Édouard Drumont">Édouard Drumont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Duke" title="David Duke">David Duke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Eichmann" title="Adolf Eichmann">Adolf Eichmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Andreas_Eisenmenger" title="Johann Andreas Eisenmenger">Johann Eisenmenger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Farrakhan" title="Louis Farrakhan">Louis Farrakhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Ford" title="Henry Ford">Henry Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodor_Fritsch" title="Theodor Fritsch">Theodor Fritsch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nick_Fuentes" title="Nick Fuentes">Nick Fuentes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Goebbels" title="Joseph Goebbels">Joseph Goebbels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Himmler" title="Heinrich Himmler">Heinrich Himmler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_J._Jones" title="Arthur J. Jones">Arthur Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osama_bin_Laden" title="Osama bin Laden">Osama bin Laden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Lane_(white_supremacist)" title="David Lane (white supremacist)">David Lane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_G._Liebold" title="Ernest G. Liebold">Ernest G. Liebold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_and_antisemitism" title="Martin Luther and antisemitism">Martin Luther</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_MacDonald_(evolutionary_psychologist)" title="Kevin MacDonald (evolutionary psychologist)">Kevin MacDonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eustace_Mullins" title="Eustace Mullins">Eustace Mullins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Luther_Pierce" title="William Luther Pierce">William Luther Pierce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_B._Spencer" title="Richard B. Spencer">Richard B. Spencer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin" title="Joseph Stalin">Joseph Stalin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Streicher" title="Julius Streicher">Julius Streicher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Alfred_Strom" title="Kevin Alfred Strom">Kevin Alfred Strom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rick_Wiles" title="Rick Wiles">Rick Wiles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Z%C3%BCndel" title="Ernst Zündel">Ernst Zündel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corneliu_Zelea_Codreanu" title="Corneliu Zelea Codreanu">Corneliu Zelea Codreanu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ion_Antonescu" title="Ion Antonescu">Ion Antonescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horia_Sima" title="Horia Sima">Horia Sima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._C._Cuza" title="A. C. Cuza">A. C. Cuza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Octavian_Goga" title="Octavian Goga">Octavian Goga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gheorghe_Buzatu" title="Gheorghe Buzatu">Gheorghe Buzatu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nae_Ionescu" title="Nae Ionescu">Nae Ionescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nichifor_Crainic" title="Nichifor Crainic">Nichifor Crainic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ioan_Slavici" title="Ioan Slavici">Ioan Slavici</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A1szl%C3%B3_Ferenczy" title="László Ferenczy">László Ferenczy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_P%C3%A9tain" title="Philippe Pétain">Philippe Pétain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symon_Petliura" title="Symon Petliura">Symon Petliura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stepan_Bandera" title="Stepan Bandera">Stepan Bandera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamal_Abdel_Nasser" title="Gamal Abdel Nasser">Gamal Abdel Nasser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Wagner" title="Richard Wagner">Richard Wagner</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Jews" title="Persecution of Jews">Persecution</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rhineland_massacres" title="Rhineland massacres">Rhineland massacres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Jews_during_the_Black_Death" title="Persecution of Jews during the Black Death">Black Death persecutions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Jewish_boycotts" title="Anti-Jewish boycotts">Boycotts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expulsions_and_exoduses_of_Jews" title="Expulsions and exoduses of Jews">Expulsions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_quarter_(diaspora)" title="Jewish quarter (diaspora)">Jewish quarter</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_ghettos_in_Europe" title="Jewish ghettos in Europe">Ghettos in Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mellah" title="Mellah">Mellah</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust" title="The Holocaust">The Holocaust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_hat" title="Jewish hat">Jewish hat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_quota" title="Jewish quota">Jewish quota</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Judensau" title="Judensau">Judensau</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrdom_in_Judaism" title="Martyrdom in Judaism">Martyrdom in Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_Laws" title="Nuremberg Laws">Nuremberg Laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pale_of_Settlement" title="Pale of Settlement">Pale of Settlement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pogrom" title="Pogrom">Pogroms</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pogroms_in_the_Russian_Empire" title="Pogroms in the Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pogroms_during_the_Russian_Civil_War" title="Pogroms during the Russian Civil War">Russian Civil War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refusenik" title="Refusenik">Refuseniks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_segregation" title="Religious segregation">Segregation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Inquisition" title="Spanish Inquisition">Spanish Inquisition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_badge" title="Yellow badge">Yellow badge</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Anti-antisemitism" title="Anti-antisemitism">Opposition</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Defamation_League" title="Anti-Defamation League">Anti-Defamation League</a></li> <li><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.2em 0.4em; line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Campaign_Against_Antisemitism" title="Campaign Against Antisemitism">Campaign Against Antisemitism</a></div></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_Security_Trust" title="Community Security Trust">Community Security Trust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fundamental_Rights_Agency" title="Fundamental Rights Agency">Fundamental Rights Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosemitism" title="Philosemitism">Philosemitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Wiesenthal_Center" title="Simon Wiesenthal Center">Simon Wiesenthal Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Poverty_Law_Center" title="Southern Poverty Law Center">Southern Poverty Law Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Roth_Institute" title="Stephen Roth Institute">Stephen Roth Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_Committee_Against_Antisemitism" title="Swedish Committee Against Antisemitism">Swedish Committee Against Antisemitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Councils_for_Soviet_Jews" title="Union of Councils for Soviet Jews">Union of Councils for Soviet Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UN_Watch" title="UN Watch">UN Watch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._National_Strategy_to_Counter_Antisemitism" title="U.S. National Strategy to Counter Antisemitism">U.S. National Strategy to Counter Antisemitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiener_Holocaust_Library" title="Wiener Holocaust Library">Wiener Holocaust Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Working_definition_of_antisemitism" title="Working definition of antisemitism">Working definition of antisemitism</a> (IHRA) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Declaration_on_Antisemitism" title="Jerusalem Declaration on Antisemitism">Jerusalem Declaration on Antisemitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Ds_of_antisemitism" title="Three Ds of antisemitism">Three Ds of antisemitism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yad_Vashem" title="Yad Vashem">Yad Vashem</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="padding-top:0.15em;"> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Antisemitism" title="Category:Antisemitism">Category</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Antisemitism_sidebar" title="Template:Antisemitism sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Antisemitism_sidebar" title="Template talk:Antisemitism sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Antisemitism_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Antisemitism sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks" style="border: 4px double #000000; border-spacing:0.2em 0;color: var(--color-base, #000);"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Neo-fascism" title="Category:Neo-fascism">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="padding-bottom:0; font-size:200%; font-weight:medium;"><a href="/wiki/Neo-fascism" title="Neo-fascism">Neo-fascism</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image" style="padding: 0.8em 0 1.3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fascist_symbol.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Fasces"><img alt="Fasces" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Fascist_symbol.svg/50px-Fascist_symbol.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="116" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Fascist_symbol.svg/75px-Fascist_symbol.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Fascist_symbol.svg/100px-Fascist_symbol.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="89" data-file-height="206" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #000000;background:transparent;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Core ideas</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fascism" title="Fascism">Fascism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Actual_idealism" title="Actual idealism">Actual idealism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalism" title="Nationalism">Nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_nationalism" title="Ethnic nationalism">Ethnic nationalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/White_nationalism" title="White nationalism">White nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_supremacy" title="White supremacy">White supremacy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Authoritarianism" title="Authoritarianism">Authoritarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One-party_state" title="One-party state">One-party state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hierarchy" title="Hierarchy">Hierarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_law" title="Natural law">Natural law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_interventionism" title="Social interventionism">Social interventionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugenics" title="Eugenics">Eugenics</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Europe_a_Nation" title="Europe a Nation">Europe a Nation</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heroism" class="mw-redirect" title="Heroism">Heroism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Darwinism" title="Social Darwinism">Social Darwinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_interventionism" class="mw-redirect" title="Economic interventionism">Economic interventionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protectionism" title="Protectionism">Protectionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-European_nationalism" title="Pan-European nationalism">Pan-European nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascist_corporatism" class="mw-redirect" title="Fascist corporatism">Fascist corporatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autarky" title="Autarky">Autarky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nativism_(politics)" title="Nativism (politics)">Nativism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-liberalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-liberalism">Anti-liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_supremacy" class="mw-redirect" title="Racial supremacy">Racial supremacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reactionary" title="Reactionary">Reactionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategy_of_tension" title="Strategy of tension">Strategy of tension</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Populism" title="Populism">Populism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_Soldier" title="Political Soldier">Political Soldier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Position" title="Third Position">Third Position</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xenophobia" title="Xenophobia">Xenophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultranationalism" title="Ultranationalism">Ultranationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_immigration" title="Opposition to immigration">Opposition to immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-parliamentarianism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-parliamentarianism">Anti-parliamentarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-communism" title="Anti-communism">Anti-communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Marxism" title="Criticism of Marxism">Anti-Marxism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-capitalism" title="Anti-capitalism">Anti-capitalism</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #000000;background:transparent;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Varieties</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Christian Identity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecofascism" title="Ecofascism">Ecofascism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esoteric_Neo-Nazism" title="Esoteric Neo-Nazism">Esoteric Nazism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Identitarian_movement" title="Identitarian movement">Identitarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Legionarism" title="Neo-Legionarism">Neo-Legionarism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Nazism" title="Neo-Nazism">Neo-Nazism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Bolshevism" title="National Bolshevism">National Bolshevism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National-anarchism" title="National-anarchism">National-anarchism</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #000000;background:transparent;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Origins</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clerical_fascism" title="Clerical fascism">Clerical fascism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascism" title="Fascism">Fascism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_fascism" title="Italian fascism">Italian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Fascism" class="mw-redirect" title="British Fascism">British</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazism" title="Nazism">Nazism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Syndicalism" class="mw-redirect" title="National Syndicalism">National Syndicalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statism_in_Sh%C5%8Dwa_Japan" title="Statism in Shōwa Japan">Japanese statism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strasserism" title="Strasserism">Strasserism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falangism" title="Falangism">Falangism</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #000000;background:transparent;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Literature</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Warning_to_the_Hindus" title="A Warning to the Hindus">A Warning to the Hindus</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1939)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Imperium:_The_Philosophy_of_History_and_Politics" title="Imperium: The Philosophy of History and Politics">Imperium</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1948)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/If_This_Be_Treason" title="If This Be Treason">If This Be Treason</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1948)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Lightning_and_the_Sun" title="The Lightning and the Sun">The Lightning and the Sun</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1958)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Impeachment_of_Man" title="Impeachment of Man">Impeachment of Man</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1959)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Bard%C3%A8che#Neo-fascist_activism_(1951–1969)" title="Maurice Bardèche">Qu'est-ce que le fascisme?</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1961)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/My_Life_(Mosley_autobiography)" title="My Life (Mosley autobiography)">My life</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1968)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Franco_Freda#Biography" title="Franco Freda">The Disintegration of the System</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1969)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Which_Way_Western_Man" class="mw-redirect" title="Which Way Western Man">Which Way Western Man?</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1978)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Siege_(Mason_book)" title="Siege (Mason book)">Siege</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1992)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Foundations_of_Geopolitics" title="Foundations of Geopolitics">Foundations of Geopolitics</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1997)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Last_Will_of_a_Russian_Fascist" title="The Last Will of a Russian Fascist">The Last Will of a Russian Fascist</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2001)</span></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #000000;background:transparent;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Movements, Organizations,<br />and Parties</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Britain_First" title="Britain First">Britain First</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_National_Party" title="British National Party">British National Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CasaPound" title="CasaPound">CasaPound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citizens%27_Councils" title="Citizens' Councils">Citizens' Councils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Social_Movement" title="European Social Movement">European Social Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Everything_For_the_Country_Party" title="Everything For the Country Party">Everything For the Country Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Force_(Italy)" title="New Force (Italy)">Forza Nuova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grey_Wolves_(organization)" title="Grey Wolves (organization)">Grey Wolves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Third_Position" title="International Third Position">International Third Position</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Social_Movement" title="Italian Social Movement">Italian Social Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kohti_Vapautta!" title="Kohti Vapautta!">Kohti Vapautta!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kotleba_%E2%80%93_People%27s_Party_Our_Slovakia" class="mw-redirect" title="Kotleba – People's Party Our Slovakia">Kotleba – People's Party Our Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_National_Youth_Association" title="Korean National Youth Association">Korean National Youth Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%27%C5%92uvre_Fran%C3%A7aise" title="L'Œuvre Française">L'Œuvre Française</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manson_Family" title="Manson Family">Manson Family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Alliance_July_18" title="National Alliance July 18">National Alliance July 18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Front_(Italy,_1997)" title="National Front (Italy, 1997)">National Front (Italy)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Front_(UK)" title="National Front (UK)">National Front (UK)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalist_Movement_Party" title="Nationalist Movement Party">Nationalist Movement Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Party_%E2%80%93_Greeks" title="National Party – Greeks">National Party – Greeks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Radical_Camp_(1993)" title="National Radical Camp (1993)">National Radical Camp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Revival_of_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="National Revival of Poland">National Revival of Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Vanguard_(Italy)" title="National Vanguard (Italy)">National Vanguard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_European_Order" title="New European Order">New European Order</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Noua_Dreapt%C4%83" title="Noua Dreaptă">Noua Dreaptă</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Official_National_Front" title="Official National Front">Official National Front</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ordine_Nuovo" title="Ordine Nuovo">Ordine Nuovo</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilminism" title="Ilminism">One-People Principle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriot_of_Ukraine" title="Patriot of Ukraine">Patriot of Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriot_Front" title="Patriot Front">Patriot Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Posse_Comitatus_(organization)" title="Posse Comitatus (organization)">Posse Comitatus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propaganda_Due" title="Propaganda Due">Propaganda Due</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proud_Boys" title="Proud Boys">Proud Boys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Ice" title="Red Ice">Red Ice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_(Slovakia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic (Slovakia)">Republic (Slovakia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_National_Unity" title="Russian National Unity">Russian National Unity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_Action" title="Serbian Action">Serbian Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Action" title="Social Action">Social Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social-National_Assembly" title="Social-National Assembly">Social-National Assembly (Ukraine)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Social_Nationalist_Party" title="Syrian Social Nationalist Party">Syrian Social Nationalist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Svoboda_(political_party)" title="Svoboda (political party)">Svoboda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Order_(white_supremacist_group)" title="The Order (white supremacist group)">The Order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tricolour_Flame" title="Tricolour Flame">Tricolour Flame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triple_A_(Spain)" title="Triple A (Spain)">Triple A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_Movement" title="Union Movement">Union Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Patriots_Front" title="United Patriots Front">United Patriots Front</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #000000;background:transparent;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">People</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Abbiati" title="Christian Abbiati">Abbiati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Abernethy" title="Virginia Abernethy">Abernethy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriele_Adinolfi" title="Gabriele Adinolfi">Adinolfi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alessandro_Alibrandi" title="Alessandro Alibrandi">Alibrandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franco_Anselmi_(terrorist)" title="Franco Anselmi (terrorist)">Anselmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nihal_Ats%C4%B1z" title="Nihal Atsız">Atsız</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Bard%C3%A8che" title="Maurice Bardèche">Bardèche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Beam" title="Louis Beam">Beam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_Beom-seok_(prime_minister)" title="Lee Beom-seok (prime minister)">Beom-seok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Binet_(neo-Fascist)" title="René Binet (neo-Fascist)">Binet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerry_Bolton" title="Kerry Bolton">Bolton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Bouchet" title="Christian Bouchet">Bouchet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arconovaldo_Bonaccorsi" title="Arconovaldo Bonaccorsi">Bonaccorsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junio_Valerio_Borghese" title="Junio Valerio Borghese">Borghese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Binet_(neo-Fascist)" title="René Binet (neo-Fascist)">Binet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlo_Cicuttini" title="Carlo Cicuttini">Cicuttini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierluigi_Concutelli" title="Pierluigi Concutelli">Concutelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincenzo_Costa" title="Vincenzo Costa">Costa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nick_Griffin" title="Nick Griffin">Griffin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Degrelle" title="Léon Degrelle">Degrelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stefano_Delle_Chiaie" title="Stefano Delle Chiaie">Delle Chiaie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Denis_(politician)" title="Jean Denis (politician)">Denis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Dugin" title="Aleksandr Dugin">Dugin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Duprat" title="François Duprat">Duprat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Per_Engdahl" title="Per Engdahl">Engdahl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bert_Eriksson" title="Bert Eriksson">Eriksson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gianfranco_Fini" title="Gianfranco Fini">Fini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valerio_Fioravanti" title="Valerio Fioravanti">Fioravanti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roberto_Fiore" title="Roberto Fiore">Fiore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pietro_De_Francisci" title="Pietro De Francisci">De Francisci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franco_Freda" title="Franco Freda">Freda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Licio_Gelli" title="Licio Gelli">Gelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guido_Giannettini" title="Guido Giannettini">Giannettini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Heimbach" title="Matthew Heimbach">Heimbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ward_Hermans" title="Ward Hermans">Hermans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustus_Sol_Invictus" title="Augustus Sol Invictus"><i>Invictus</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimitrios_Ioannidis" title="Dimitrios Ioannidis">Ioannidis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Daniel_Johnson" title="William Daniel Johnson">Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruuben_Kaalep" title="Ruuben Kaalep">Kaalep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colin_King-Ansell" title="Colin King-Ansell">King-Ansell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoshio_Kodama" title="Yoshio Kodama">Kodama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_E._Kuttner" title="Robert E. Kuttner">Kuttner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignazio_La_Russa" title="Ignazio La Russa">La Russa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lana_Lokteff" title="Lana Lokteff">Lokteff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesca_Mambro" title="Francesca Mambro">Mambro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikis_Mantakas" title="Mikis Mantakas">Mantakas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massimo_Morsello" title="Massimo Morsello">Morsello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claudio_Mutti" title="Claudio Mutti">Mutti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Pasquinelli" title="Maria Pasquinelli">Pasquinelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russell_Pearce#Controversies" title="Russell Pearce">Pearce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eusebio_Hern%C3%A1ndez_P%C3%A9rez#Homicultura_and_death" title="Eusebio Hernández Pérez">Pérez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Ray_Ramsey" title="Paul Ray Ramsey">Ramsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pino_Rauti" title="Pino Rauti">Rauti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renato_Ricci" title="Renato Ricci">Ricci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luca_Romagnoli" title="Luca Romagnoli">Romagnoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pino_Romualdi" title="Pino Romualdi">Romualdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Charles_Sanborn" title="Herbert Charles Sanborn">Sanborn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ry%C5%8Dichi_Sasakawa" title="Ryōichi Sasakawa">Sasakawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaetano_Saya" title="Gaetano Saya">Saya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paolo_Signorelli_(politician)" title="Paolo Signorelli (politician)">Signorelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Gayley_Simpson" title="William Gayley Simpson">Simpson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woolsey_Teller" title="Woolsey Teller">Teller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adriano_Tilgher_(politician)" title="Adriano Tilgher (politician)">Tilgher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Tyndall_(far-right_activist)" title="John Tyndall (far-right activist)">Tyndall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominique_Venner" title="Dominique Venner">Venner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Hsin-fu_Wand" title="David Hsin-fu Wand">Wand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincenzo_Vinciguerra" title="Vincenzo Vinciguerra">Vinciguerra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delfo_Zorzi" title="Delfo Zorzi">Zorzi</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #000000;background:transparent;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">History</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_the_Fascist_regime_in_Italy" title="Fall of the Fascist regime in Italy">Fall of Fascism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_junta" title="Greek junta">1967 Greek coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Years_of_Lead_(Italy)" title="Years of Lead (Italy)">Years of Lead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed,_far-right_organizations_in_Italy" title="Armed, far-right organizations in Italy">Armed, far-right organizations in Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Valle_Giulia" title="Battle of Valle Giulia">Battle of Valle Giulia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piazza_Fontana_bombing" title="Piazza Fontana bombing">Piazza Fontana bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golpe_Borghese" title="Golpe Borghese">Borghese coup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acca_Larentia_killings" title="Acca Larentia killings">Acca Larentia massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suzano_Massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="Suzano Massacre">Suzano Massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aracruz_school_shootings" title="Aracruz school shootings">Aracruz school shootings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Sergio_Ramelli" title="Assassination of Sergio Ramelli">Assassination of Sergio Ramelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unite_the_Right_rally" title="Unite the Right rally">Unite the Right rally</a> (<a href="/wiki/Unite_the_Right_2" title="Unite the Right 2">Unite the Right 2</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_United_States_Capitol_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="2021 United States Capitol attack">2021 United States Capitol attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_United_Kingdom_riots" title="2024 United Kingdom riots">2024 United Kingdom riots</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #000000;background:transparent;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Related topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Far-right_politics" title="Far-right politics">Far-right politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right-wing_populism" title="Right-wing populism">Right-wing populism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_fascism" title="British fascism">British fascism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_fascism" title="Italian fascism">Italian fascism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kahanism#Allegations_of_fascism" title="Kahanism">Kahanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ku_Klux_Klan" title="Ku Klux Klan">Ku Klux Klan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_punk" title="Nazi punk">Nazi punk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_black_metal" title="National Socialist black metal">National Socialist black metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_power_music" title="White power music">White power music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_power_skinhead" title="White power skinhead">White power skinhead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Position" title="Third Position">Third Position</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alt_right" class="mw-redirect" title="Alt right">Alt right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morenazi" title="Morenazi">Morenazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radical_right_(Europe)" title="Radical right (Europe)">Radical right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruscism" title="Ruscism">Ruscism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trumpism" title="Trumpism">Trumpism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_and_fascism" title="Donald Trump and fascism">Donald Trump and fascism</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/28px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/42px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/56px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Neo-fascism" title="Template:Neo-fascism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Neo-fascism" title="Template talk:Neo-fascism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Neo-fascism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Neo-fascism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Christian Identity</b> (also known as <b>Identity Christianity</b><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAho199052,_105_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAho199052,_105-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) is an interpretation of <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> which advocates the belief that only <a href="/wiki/Celt" class="mw-redirect" title="Celt">Celtic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Germanic_peoples" title="Germanic peoples">Germanic peoples</a>, such as the <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglo-Saxon">Anglo-Saxon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nordic_race" title="Nordic race">Nordic</a> nations, or the <a href="/wiki/Aryan_race" title="Aryan race">Aryan race</a> and kindred peoples, are the descendants of the ancient <a href="/wiki/Israelites" title="Israelites">Israelites</a> and are therefore God's "<a href="/wiki/Chosen_people" title="Chosen people">chosen people</a>". It is a racial interpretation of Christianity and is not an <a href="/wiki/Organized_religion" title="Organized religion">organized religion</a>, nor is it affiliated with specific <a href="/wiki/Christian_denomination" title="Christian denomination">Christian denominations</a>. It emerged from <a href="/wiki/British_Israelism" title="British Israelism">British Israelism</a> in the 1920s and developed during the 1940s-1970s. Today it is practiced by independent individuals, independent congregations, and some <a href="/wiki/Prison_gang" title="Prison gang">prison gangs</a>. </p><p>No single document expresses the Christian Identity belief system, and some beliefs may vary by group. However, all Identity adherents believe that Adam and his offspring were exclusively White. They also believe in <a href="/wiki/Two_House_theology" title="Two House theology">Two House theology</a>, which makes a distinction between the Tribe of Judah and the Ten Lost Tribes, and that ultimately, European people represent the Ten Lost Tribes. This racialist view advocates racial segregation and opposes interracial marriage. Other commonly held beliefs are that usury and <a href="/wiki/Bank" title="Bank">banking systems</a> are controlled by Jews, leading to opposition to the Federal Reserve System and use of fiat currency, believing it to be part of "<a href="/wiki/The_Beast_(Revelation)" title="The Beast (Revelation)">the beast</a>" system. Christian Identity's eschatology is <a href="/wiki/Millennialism" title="Millennialism">millennialist</a>. </p><p>Christian Identity is characterized as <a href="/wiki/Racism" title="Racism">racist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Antisemitism" title="Antisemitism">antisemitic</a>, and <a href="/wiki/White_supremacy" title="White supremacy">white supremacist</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Anti-Defamation_League" title="Anti-Defamation League">Anti-Defamation League</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Poverty_Law_Center" title="Southern Poverty Law Center">Southern Poverty Law Center</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEADL2017_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEADL2017-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESouthern_Poverty_Law_Center_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESouthern_Poverty_Law_Center-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of 2014<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Christian_Identity&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, estimates of the number of adherents in the United States range from two thousand to fifty thousand.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarkun2014x_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarkun2014x-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origins">Origins</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_Identity&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Origins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Relationship_to_British_Israelism">Relationship to British Israelism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_Identity&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Relationship to British Israelism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/British_Israelism" title="British Israelism">British Israelism</a></div> <p>The Christian Identity movement emerged in the United States in the 1920s and 1930s as an offshoot of <a href="/wiki/British_Israelism" title="British Israelism">British Israelism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEADL2017_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEADL2017-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarkun2014xii–xiii_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarkun2014xii–xiii-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While early British Israelites such as <a href="/wiki/Edward_Hine" title="Edward Hine">Edward Hine</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_Wilson_(historian)" title="John Wilson (historian)">John Wilson</a> were <a href="/wiki/Philo-Semitism" class="mw-redirect" title="Philo-Semitism">philo-Semites</a>, Christian Identity emerged in sharp contrast to British Israelism as a strongly <a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_Christianity" title="Antisemitism in Christianity">antisemitic theology</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarkun2014xii_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarkun2014xii-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> British Israelism originally viewed modern Jews as descendants of the ancient Israelites; but in the United States, British Israelism began to evolve as anti-Semitism began to permeate the movement.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEADL2017_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEADL2017-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Traditional British Israelites were advocates of philo-Semitism which paradoxically changed to <a href="/wiki/Antisemitism" title="Antisemitism">anti-Semitism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Racism" title="Racism">racism</a> under Christian Identity.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEQuarles200413_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEQuarles200413-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In fact, British Israelism had several Jewish adherents, and it also received support from <a href="/wiki/Rabbi" title="Rabbi">rabbis</a> throughout the 19th century. Within British politics it supported <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Disraeli" title="Benjamin Disraeli">Benjamin Disraeli</a>, who was descended from <a href="/wiki/Sephardic_Jews" title="Sephardic Jews">Sephardic Jews</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEQuarles200413–19_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEQuarles200413–19-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The typical form of the British Israelite belief held that modern-day Jews were only descended from the tribes of Judah and Benjamin, while the British and other related Northern European peoples were descended from the other ten tribes. However, as Christian Identity took shape during the 1940s to 1970s, it began to turn antisemitic by teaching that contemporary Jews were either descendants of <a href="/wiki/Khazar_hypothesis_of_Ashkenazi_ancestry" title="Khazar hypothesis of Ashkenazi ancestry">Eurasian Khazars</a> or literal descendants of <a href="/wiki/Satan" title="Satan">Satan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGardell2002165_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGardell2002165-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_influences">Early influences</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_Identity&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Early influences"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>British Israelism can be traced back to Great Britain in the 1600s, but in terms of its relationship to Christian Identity, a key text was <i>Lectures on Our Israelitish Origin</i> by John Wilson (1840).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavis201011_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavis201011-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wilson was the first to formalize a distinction between the northern and southern kingdoms of Israel. Although Wilson's views were not originally antisemitic, they came to have great significance for modern Christian Identity adherents who believe that the northern tribes were carried off by the Assyrians and remained racially pure as they migrated into modern Europe, while the southern kingdom eventually became allied with Satan.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavis201011_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavis201011-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 1920s, the writings of <a href="/wiki/Howard_Rand" title="Howard Rand">Howard Rand</a> (1889–1991) began to have an influence.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarkun201427_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarkun201427-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Considered a transitional figure from British Israelism to Christian Identity rather than its actual founder,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarkun201430_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarkun201430-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rand is known for coining the term "Christian Identity".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavis201018_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavis201018-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Raised as a British Israelite, his father introduced him to <a href="/wiki/J._H._Allen" title="J. H. Allen">J. H. Allen</a>'s work <i>Judah's Sceptre and Joseph's Birthright</i> (1902) at an early age by offering him five dollars if he would read it and write a report on it.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarkun201429_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarkun201429-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Around 1924, Rand began to claim that the Jews are descended from <a href="/wiki/Esau" title="Esau">Esau</a> or the <a href="/wiki/Canaanites" class="mw-redirect" title="Canaanites">Canaanites</a> rather than the tribe of Judah, although not going so far as to advocate the "serpent seed" doctrine.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarkun201445–54_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarkun201445–54-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the late 1920s, Anglo-Saxon writers began to compile research from 19th century writers <a href="/wiki/Dominick_McCausland" title="Dominick McCausland">Dominick McCausland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Winchell" title="Alexander Winchell">Alexander Winchell</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ethel_Bristowe" title="Ethel Bristowe">Ethel Bristowe</a>, using them to develop five basic beliefs that would become the core tenets of Christian Identity doctrine. These were that Adamites represented Aryans as the chosen, that nonwhites were tainted through race-mixing, that the serpent in the story of the Fall was not a reptile, but the Devil himself, that the <a href="/wiki/Serpent_seed" title="Serpent seed">seedline of Cain</a> came through a union of Satan (the serpent) and Eve, and that the Jews were descended from this unholy line and thus had a natural propensity for evil.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavis201017–18_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavis201017–18-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1933, Rand founded the <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_Federation_of_America" title="Anglo-Saxon Federation of America">Anglo-Saxon Federation of America</a>, an organization which began to promote the view that the Jews are not descended from Judah. Beginning in May 1937, there were key meetings of British Israelites in the United States who were attracted to this theory, and these meetings provided the catalyst for the eventual emergence of Christian Identity. By the late 1930s, the group's members considered Jews to be the offspring of Satan and <a href="/wiki/Demonization" title="Demonization">demonized</a> them, and they also demonized non-Caucasian races.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarkun2014140_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarkun2014140-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rand, however, rejected the satanic origin theories. This doctrine came to confirm the explicit separation between British-Israelism and Christian Identity.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarkun2014174_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarkun2014174-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Links between Christian Identity and the <a href="/wiki/Ku_Klux_Klan" title="Ku Klux Klan">Ku Klux Klan</a> were also forged in the late 1930s, but by then, the KKK was past the peak of its early twentieth-century revival.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarkun201460–85_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarkun201460–85-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Emergence_as_a_separate_movement">Emergence as a separate movement</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_Identity&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Emergence as a separate movement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Christian Identity began to emerge as a separate movement in the 1940s, primarily over issues of racism and anti-semitism rather than over issues of <a href="/wiki/Christian_theology" title="Christian theology">Christian theology</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKaplan200059_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKaplan200059-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Wesley_A._Swift" title="Wesley A. Swift">Wesley Swift</a> (1913–1970) is considered the father of the movement; so much so that every Anti-Defamation League publication which addresses Christian Identity mentions him.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKaplan2000296_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKaplan2000296-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Swift was a minister in the <a href="/wiki/Angelus_Temple" title="Angelus Temple">Angelus Temple</a> <a href="/wiki/Foursquare_Church" title="Foursquare Church">Foursquare Church</a> during the 1930s and 1940s before he founded his own church in <a href="/wiki/Lancaster,_California" title="Lancaster, California">Lancaster</a>, California and named it the Anglo-Saxon Christian Congregation, reflecting the influence of Howard Rand.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKaplan2000296_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKaplan2000296-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarkun201461_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarkun201461-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 1950s, he was <a href="/wiki/Gerald_L._K._Smith" title="Gerald L. K. Smith">Gerald L. K. Smith</a>'s West Coast representative of the <a href="/wiki/Christian_Nationalist_Crusade" title="Christian Nationalist Crusade">Christian Nationalist Crusade</a>. In addition, he hosted a daily radio broadcast in California during the 1950s and 1960s, through which he was able to proclaim his ideology to a large audience. Due to Swift's efforts, the message of his church spread, leading to the founding of similar churches throughout the country. </p><p>Eventually, the name of his church was changed to the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Jesus_Christ%E2%80%93Christian" title="Church of Jesus Christ–Christian">Church of Jesus Christ–Christian</a>, today this name is used by <a href="/wiki/Aryan_Nations" title="Aryan Nations">Aryan Nations</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKaplan200059_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKaplan200059-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of Swift's associates was retired Col. <a href="/wiki/William_Potter_Gale" title="William Potter Gale">William Potter Gale</a> (1917–1988). Gale became a leading figure in the <a href="/wiki/Tax_protester_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tax protester (United States)">anti-tax</a> and <a href="/wiki/Paramilitary" title="Paramilitary">paramilitary</a> movements of the 1970s and 1980s, beginning with the California Rangers and the <a href="/wiki/Posse_Comitatus_(organization)" title="Posse Comitatus (organization)">Posse Comitatus</a>, and he also helped found the <a href="/wiki/American_militia_movement" title="American militia movement">American militia movement</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKaplan2000115–116_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKaplan2000115–116-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The future Aryan Nations founder <a href="/wiki/Richard_Butler_(white_supremacist)" title="Richard Butler (white supremacist)">Richard Girnt Butler</a>, who was an admirer of <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a> and Wisconsin Senator <a href="/wiki/Joseph_McCarthy" title="Joseph McCarthy">Joseph McCarthy</a>, was introduced to Wesley Swift by William Potter Gale in 1962.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELevitas2002110_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELevitas2002110-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Swift quickly converted Butler to Christian Identity. When Swift died in 1971, Butler fought against Gale, James Warner, and Swift's widow for control of the church. Butler eventually gained control of the organization and moved it from California to <a href="/wiki/Hayden_Lake,_Idaho" title="Hayden Lake, Idaho">Hayden Lake</a>, Idaho in 1973.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKaplan2000298_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKaplan2000298-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Lesser figures participated as Christian Identity theology took shape in the 1940s and 1950s, such as <a href="/wiki/San_Jacinto_Capt" title="San Jacinto Capt">San Jacinto Capt</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Baptist" class="mw-redirect" title="Baptist">Baptist</a> minister and California Klansman, who claimed that he had introduced Wesley Swift to Christian Identity;<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESeymour199185_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESeymour199185-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Bertrand_Comparet" title="Bertrand Comparet">Bertrand Comparet</a> (1901–1983), a one-time <a href="/wiki/San_Diego" title="San Diego">San Diego</a> Deputy City Attorney and associate of Gerald L. K. Smith.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELevitas200227_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELevitas200227-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later Identity figures of the 1970s and 1980s include Sheldon Emry and <a href="/wiki/LaPorte_Church_of_Christ" title="LaPorte Church of Christ">Peter J. Peters</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKaplan200013,_240_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKaplan200013,_240-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While most of the Identity groups of the 1960s and 1970s relied on mailing lists, publications, and cassette recordings to disseminate their teachings, later figures promoted their ministries using radio and television.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKaplan200052_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKaplan200052-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Christian Identity movement first received widespread attention from the mainstream media in 1984, when <a href="/wiki/The_Order_(white_supremacist_group)" title="The Order (white supremacist group)">The Order</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Neo-Nazism" title="Neo-Nazism">neo-Nazi</a> terrorist group, embarked on a murderous crime spree before it was suppressed by the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation" title="Federal Bureau of Investigation">FBI</a>. The movement returned to public attention in 1992 and 1993, in the wake of the deadly <a href="/wiki/Ruby_Ridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Ruby Ridge">Ruby Ridge</a> confrontation, when newspapers discovered that former <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Special_Forces" title="United States Army Special Forces">Green Beret</a> and <a href="/wiki/Right-wing_politics" title="Right-wing politics">right-wing</a> separatist <a href="/wiki/Randy_Weaver" title="Randy Weaver">Randy Weaver</a> had a loose association with Christian Identity believers.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBock1993_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBock1993-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>These groups are estimated to have two thousand members in the United States and an unknown number of members in Canada and the rest of the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">British Commonwealth</a>. Due to the promotion of Christian Identity doctrines through radio and later through the Internet, an additional fifty thousand unaffiliated individuals are thought to hold Christian Identity beliefs.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarkun2014x_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarkun2014x-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Beliefs">Beliefs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_Identity&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Beliefs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Christian Identity is a theology that promotes a <a href="/wiki/Racial" class="mw-redirect" title="Racial">racial</a> interpretation of <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEck2001347_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEck2001347-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBuck2009107–108,_213_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBuck2009107–108,_213-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some Christian Identity churches preach with more violent rhetoric than others, but all of them believe that Anglo-Saxon, Germanic, Scandinavian, and other European peoples are the true Israelites and that modern Jews have dispossessed them of their identity as <a href="/wiki/God_in_Christianity" title="God in Christianity">God</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Chosen_people" title="Chosen people">chosen race</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKaplan200050-51,_53_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKaplan200050-51,_53-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Identity beliefs are conspiratorial, believing that all of history represents a great cosmic war between the forces of good and evil. It is all part of a Satanic plot to take control of creation.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAho199088_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAho199088-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Christian Identity beliefs were primarily developed and promoted by two authors who considered Europeans to be the chosen people and considered <a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jews</a> to be the cursed offspring of Cain, the "<a href="/wiki/Serpents_in_the_Bible" title="Serpents in the Bible">serpent hybrid</a>" (or the <a href="/wiki/Serpent_seed" title="Serpent seed">Serpent seed</a>) (a belief which is known as the dual-seedline or two-seedline doctrine). Wesley Swift formulated the doctrine which states that non-Caucasian peoples have no <a href="/wiki/Soul_(spirit)" class="mw-redirect" title="Soul (spirit)">souls</a> and therefore they can never earn God's favor or be <a href="/wiki/Salvation_in_Christianity" title="Salvation in Christianity">saved</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEQuarles200468_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEQuarles200468-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMason2002_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMason2002-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>No single document expresses the Christian Identity belief system; there is much disagreement over the doctrines which are taught by those who ascribe to Identity beliefs, since there is no central organization or headquarters for the Identity sect. However, all Identity adherents believe that Adam and his offspring were exclusively White and they also believe that all <a href="/wiki/Person_of_color" title="Person of color">non-white races</a> are <a href="/wiki/Pre-Adamite" title="Pre-Adamite">pre-Adamite</a> races because they belong to separate <a href="/wiki/Species" title="Species">species</a>, a doctrinal position which implies that they cannot be equated with or derived from the <a href="/wiki/Adamites" title="Adamites">Adamites</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJames2012_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJames2012-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Identity adherents cite passages from the <a href="/wiki/Old_Testament" title="Old Testament">Old Testament</a>, including <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Ezra#9:2" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Ezra">Ezra 9:2</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Ezra#9:12" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Ezra">Ezra 9:12</a>, and <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Nehemiah#13:27" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Nehemiah">Nehemiah 13:27</a>, which they claim contain <a href="/wiki/Yahweh" title="Yahweh">Yahweh</a>'s injunctions against <a href="/wiki/Interracial_marriage" title="Interracial marriage">interracial marriages</a>. </p><p>Christian Identity adherents assert that the white people of Europe in particular or <a href="/wiki/Caucasian_race" title="Caucasian race">Caucasians</a> in general are God's servant people, according to the promises that were given to <a href="/wiki/Abraham" title="Abraham">Abraham</a>, <a href="/wiki/Isaac" title="Isaac">Isaac</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jacob" title="Jacob">Jacob</a>. It further asserts that the early European tribes were really the <a href="/wiki/Ten_Lost_Tribes" title="Ten Lost Tribes">Ten Lost Tribes</a> of Israel and therefore the rightful heirs to God's promises, and God's chosen people. <a href="/wiki/Colin_Kidd" title="Colin Kidd">Colin Kidd</a> wrote that in the United States, Christian Identity exploited "the puzzle of the Ten Lost Tribes to justify an openly anti-Semitic and virulently racist agenda."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKidd200644_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKidd200644-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Michael McFarland and Glenn Gottfried, they developed their racist interpretation of Christianity because of its status as a <a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_United_States" title="Christianity in the United States">traditional religion of the United States</a>, which allowed them to advocate the belief that <a href="/wiki/White_Americans" title="White Americans">white Americans</a> have a common identity, and because of the variety of possible <a href="/wiki/Biblical_hermeneutics" title="Biblical hermeneutics">interpretations of the Bible</a> in the field of <a href="/wiki/Hermeneutics" title="Hermeneutics">hermeneutics</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcFarlandGottfried2002_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcFarlandGottfried2002-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While they seek to introduce a state of <a href="/wiki/Racial_hygiene" title="Racial hygiene">racial purity</a> in the US, Christian Identitarians do not trust the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">Congress</a> or the <a href="/wiki/Federal_government_of_the_United_States" title="Federal government of the United States">government</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zionist_Occupation_Government_conspiracy_theory" title="Zionist Occupation Government conspiracy theory">allegedly controlled by Jews</a>, to support their agenda. In their view, this means that political changes can only be made through the use of force. However, the failed experience of the terrorist group The Order has forced them to acknowledge the fact that they are currently unable to overthrow the government by staging an armed insurrection against it. Thus, the Christian Identity movement seeks an alternative to violence and government change with the creation of a "White Aryan Bastion" or a <a href="/wiki/White_ethnostate" title="White ethnostate">White ethnostate</a>, such as the <a href="/wiki/Northwest_Territorial_Imperative" title="Northwest Territorial Imperative">Northwest Territorial Imperative</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcFarlandGottfried2002_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcFarlandGottfried2002-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Two_House_theology">Two House theology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_Identity&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Two House theology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Two_House_theology" title="Two House theology">Two House theology</a></div> <p>Like British Israelites, Christian Identity adherents believe in Two House theology, which makes a distinction between the Tribe of Judah and the <a href="/wiki/Ten_Lost_Tribes" title="Ten Lost Tribes">Ten Lost Tribes</a>. "Israel" was the name given to Jacob after he <a href="/wiki/Jacob_wrestling_with_the_angel" title="Jacob wrestling with the angel">wrestled with the angel</a> at <a href="/wiki/Penuel" title="Penuel">Penuel</a> as described in Genesis 32:26–32. Israel then had twelve sons which began the <a href="/wiki/Twelve_Tribes_of_Israel" title="Twelve Tribes of Israel">Twelve Tribes of Israel</a>. Around 931 BC the unified kingdom was split into the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Israel_(Samaria)" title="Kingdom of Israel (Samaria)">Kingdom of Israel</a> in the north and the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Judah" title="Kingdom of Judah">Kingdom of Judah</a> in the south. After northern Kingdom of Israel was conquered by <a href="/wiki/Assyria" title="Assyria">Assyria</a> at <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 721 BC</span>, the ten tribes disappeared from the Biblical record.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAho1990101_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAho1990101-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to British-Israel doctrine, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bible.oremus.org/?passage=2+esdras+13:39-13:46&version=nrsvae">2 Esdras 13:39–46</a> then records the history of the nation of Israel journeying over the <a href="/wiki/Caucasus_Mountains" title="Caucasus Mountains">Caucasus Mountains</a>, along the <a href="/wiki/Black_Sea" title="Black Sea">Black Sea</a>, to the <a href="/wiki/Siret_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Siret River">Ar Sereth</a> tributary of the <a href="/wiki/Danube" title="Danube">Danube</a> in <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a> ("But they formed this plan for themselves, that they would leave the multitude of the nations and go to a more distant region, where no human beings had ever lived. ... Through that region there was a long way to go, a journey of a year and a half; and that country is called Arzareth"). The tribes prospered, and eventually colonised other European countries. Israel's leading tribe, the <a href="/wiki/Tribe_of_Dan" title="Tribe of Dan">Tribe of Dan</a>, is attributed with settling and naming many areas which are today distinguished by place names derived from its name – written ancient Hebrew contains no vowels, and hence "Dan" would be written as DN, but would be pronounced with an intermediate vowel dependent on the local dialect, meaning that <i>Dan</i>, <i>Den</i>, <i>Din</i>, <i>Don</i>, and <i>Dun</i> all have the same meaning. Various modern place names are said to derive from the name of this tribe:<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAho1990101_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAho1990101-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Macedonia_(terminology)" title="Macedonia (terminology)">Macedonia</a> – Mace<i>don</i>ia – derived from Moeshe-don-ia (Moeshe being "the land of Moses")</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danube" title="Danube">Danube</a> – <i>Dan</i>-ube, <a href="/wiki/Dniester" title="Dniester">Dniester</a> – <i>Dn</i>-iester, <a href="/wiki/Dnieper" title="Dnieper">Dnieper</a> – <i>Dn</i>-ieper, <a href="/wiki/Donetz" class="mw-redirect" title="Donetz">Donetz</a> – <i>Don</i>-etz, <a href="/wiki/Danzig" class="mw-redirect" title="Danzig">Danzig</a> – <i>Dan</i>-zig, <a href="/wiki/Don_River_(Russia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Don River (Russia)">Don</a> – <i>Don</i></li></ul> <p>The following peoples and their analogous tribes are believed to be as follows:<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJessup2006170_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJessup2006170-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tribe_of_Dan" title="Tribe of Dan">Dan</a> – Denmark</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tribe_of_Gad" title="Tribe of Gad">Gad</a> – Italy</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tribe_of_Asher" title="Tribe of Asher">Asher</a> – Sweden</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tribe_of_Issachar" title="Tribe of Issachar">Issachar</a> – Finland</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tribe_of_Simeon" title="Tribe of Simeon">Simeon</a> – Spain</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tribe_of_Zebulun" title="Tribe of Zebulun">Zebulun</a> – France</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tribe_of_Naphtali" title="Tribe of Naphtali">Naphtali</a> – Norway</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tribe_of_Benjamin" title="Tribe of Benjamin">Benjamin</a> – Iceland</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tribe_of_Reuben" title="Tribe of Reuben">Reuben</a> – Netherlands</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tribe_of_Judah" title="Tribe of Judah">Judah</a> – Germany</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tribe_of_Ephraim" title="Tribe of Ephraim">Ephraim</a> – Great Britain</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tribe_of_Manasseh" title="Tribe of Manasseh">Manasseh</a> – United States</li></ul></div> <p>While British Israelites believe that modern Jews are descended from the tribe of Judah, Christian Identitarians believe that the true lineal descendants of Judah are <i>not</i> contemporary Jews, but are instead the modern-day Anglo-Saxon, Celtic, Germanic, Nordic, and kindred peoples.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBalleck201868_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBalleck201868-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some followers claim that the Identity genealogy of the <a href="/wiki/Davidic_line" title="Davidic line">Davidic line</a> can be traced to the royal rulers of Britain and <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Queen Elizabeth II</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAho1990102–104_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAho1990102–104-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thus, Anglo-Saxons are the true <a href="/wiki/Israelites" title="Israelites">Israelites</a>, God's chosen people who were given the divine right to rule the world until the <a href="/wiki/Second_Coming_of_Christ" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Coming of Christ">Second Coming of Christ</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAho1990101_40-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAho1990101-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Identity adherents reject the label "antisemitic" by stating that they cannot be antisemitic because the true <a href="/wiki/Semitic_people" title="Semitic people">Semites</a> "today are the great White Christian nations of the <a href="/wiki/Western_world" title="Western world">western world</a>", with modern Jews being considered the descendants of the <a href="/wiki/Canaan#Canaanites" title="Canaan">Canaanites</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAho1990100_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAho1990100-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Adamites_and_pre-Adamites">Adamites and pre-Adamites</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_Identity&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Adamites and pre-Adamites"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Pre-Adamite" title="Pre-Adamite">Pre-Adamite</a></div> <p>Much of the racism in Christian Identity is the result of the pre-Adamite hypothesis,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKaplan19972_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKaplan19972-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which is a cornerstone of Identity theology.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKaplan200051-52_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKaplan200051-52-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Christian Identity adherents believe that <a href="/wiki/Adam_and_Eve" title="Adam and Eve">Adam and Eve</a> were only the ancestors of <a href="/wiki/White_people" title="White people">white people</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBalleck201868_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBalleck201868-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In this view, Adam and Eve were preceded by <a href="/wiki/Untermensch" title="Untermensch">lesser</a>, non-Caucasian races which are often (although not always) identified as "beasts of the field" (<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Genesis#1:25" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Genesis">Genesis 1:25</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Genesis#2:19" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Genesis">Genesis 2:19–20</a>) who took human form as a result of mating with Adamites.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKaplan19972_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKaplan19972-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKaplan200051-52_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKaplan200051-52-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>To support their theory on the racial identity of Adam, Christian Identity proponents point out that the Hebrew etymology of the word 'Adam' translates as 'be ruddy, red, to show blood (in the face)' often quoting from <a href="/wiki/James_Strong_(theologian)" title="James Strong (theologian)">James Strong</a>'s <i>Hebrew Dictionary</i> and from this they conclude that only Caucasians or people with light white skin can blush or turn rosy in the face (because <a href="/wiki/Hemoglobin" title="Hemoglobin">hemoglobin</a> is only visible under pale skin).<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources" title="Wikipedia:No original research"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable secondary sources. (July 2024)">non-primary source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>An influence on the Christian Identity movement's views on pre-Adamism was Charles Carroll's 1900 book <i>The Negro a Beast or In the Image of God?</i><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarkun2014194_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarkun2014194-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBalleck201868_42-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBalleck201868-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In his book, Carroll sought to revive the ideas which were previously presented by <a href="/wiki/Buckner_H._Payne" title="Buckner H. Payne">Buckner H. Payne</a>, he described the Negro as a literal ape rather than a human being.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKim201539-43_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKim201539-43-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He claimed the pre-Adamite races such as blacks did not have souls and that race mixing was an insult to God because it spoiled his racial plan of creation. According to Carroll, the mixing of races had also led to the errors of <a href="/wiki/Atheism" title="Atheism">atheism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_biology" title="Evolutionary biology">evolutionism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKidd2006150_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKidd2006150-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBalleck201868_42-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBalleck201868-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Serpent_seed">Serpent seed</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_Identity&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Serpent seed"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Serpent_seed" title="Serpent seed">Serpent seed</a></div> <p>Dual Seedline Christian Identity proponents –those who believe that Eve bore children with Satan as well as with Adam – believe that Eve was seduced by the Serpent (Satan), shared her fallen state with Adam by having sex with him, and gave birth to <a href="/wiki/Superfecundation" title="Superfecundation">twins with different fathers</a>: Satan's son Cain and Adam's son Abel. This belief is referred to as the serpent seed doctrine. According to the "dual seedline" form of Christian Identity, Cain then became the progenitor of the Jews in his subsequent matings with members of the non-Adamic races.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEADL2017_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEADL2017-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Scientific_racism">Scientific racism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_Identity&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Scientific racism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Curse_of_Ham" title="Curse of Ham">Curse of Ham</a> and <a href="/wiki/Curse_and_mark_of_Cain" title="Curse and mark of Cain">Curse and mark of Cain</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Scientific_racism" title="Scientific racism">Scientific racism</a>, sometimes termed biological racism or racialism, the <a href="/wiki/Pseudoscience" title="Pseudoscience">pseudoscientific belief</a> that empirical evidence exists to support or justify racism, is the core tenet of Christian Identity, and most CI adherents are white nationalists who advocate <a href="/wiki/Racial_segregation" title="Racial segregation">racial segregation</a> and the imposition of <a href="/wiki/Anti-miscegenation_laws" title="Anti-miscegenation laws">anti-miscegenation laws</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Some CI adherents also believe that Jews are genetically compelled to carry on a <a href="/wiki/White_genocide_conspiracy_theory" title="White genocide conspiracy theory">conspiracy against the Adamic seedline</a> by their Satanic or Edomite ancestry and they also believe that the Jews of today have achieved almost complete control of the Earth through their claim to hold the white race's status as God's chosen people.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources" title="Wikipedia:No original research"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable secondary sources. (July 2024)">non-primary source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Identity adherents also assert that <a href="/wiki/Disease" title="Disease">disease</a>, <a href="/wiki/Addiction" title="Addiction">addiction</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cancer" title="Cancer">cancer</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sexually_transmitted_infection" title="Sexually transmitted infection">sexually transmitted infections</a> (<a href="/wiki/Herpes" title="Herpes">herpes</a> and <a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS" title="HIV/AIDS">HIV/AIDS</a>) are spread by human "rodents" via contact with "unclean" persons, such as "race-mixers". The <a href="/wiki/Apocrypha" title="Apocrypha">apocrypha</a>, particularly <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Enoch" title="Book of Enoch">the first book of Enoch</a>, is used to justify these social theories; the fallen angels of Heaven sexually desired Earth maidens and took them as wives, resulting in the birth of <a href="/wiki/Abomination_(Bible)" title="Abomination (Bible)">abominations</a>, which God ordered <a href="/wiki/Michael_the_Archangel" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael the Archangel">Michael the Archangel</a> to destroy, thus beginning a cosmic war between Light and Darkness. The mixing of separate things (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Race_(human_categorization)" title="Race (human categorization)">people of different races</a>) is seen as defiling all of them, and it is also considered a violation of God's law.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAho199085–86_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAho199085–86-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Views_on_homosexuality">Views on homosexuality</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_Identity&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Views on homosexuality"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Christianity_and_homosexuality" title="Christianity and homosexuality">Christianity and homosexuality</a></div> <p>Identity preachers proclaim that, according to the Bible, "the penalties for race-mixing, <a href="/wiki/Homosexuality" title="Homosexuality">homo-sexuality</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Usury" title="Usury">usury</a> are <a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment" title="Capital punishment">death</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAho199086_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAho199086-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Views_on_racial_politics_and_economics">Views on racial politics and economics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_Identity&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Views on racial politics and economics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first documents which advocated Christian Identity's views on <a href="/wiki/Identity_politics" title="Identity politics">racial politics</a> and <a href="/wiki/Economics" title="Economics">economics</a> were written by Howard Rand and <a href="/wiki/William_J._Cameron" title="William J. Cameron">William J. Cameron</a> after the <a href="/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression">Great Depression</a>. In 1943, Rand published the article "Digest of the Divine Law" which discussed the political and economic challenges which existed at that time. An excerpt from the article states: "We shall not be able to continue in accord with the old order. Certain groups are already planning an economy of regimentation for our nation; but it will only intensify the suffering and want of the past and bring to our peoples all the evils that will result from such planning by a group of men who are failing to take into consideration the fundamental principles underlying the law of the Lord."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarkun2014202_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarkun2014202-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While Rand never formally named the groups which he was specifically referring to, his hatred of Jews, <a href="/wiki/Racial_integration" title="Racial integration">racial integration</a>, and the country's economic state at that time made the direction of his comments obvious. Identifying specific economic problems was not the only goal which Rand had in mind. He began to analyze how these changes could be made to happen through legal changes; thus, making strategic plans to integrate the Bible into <a href="/wiki/Law_of_the_United_States" title="Law of the United States">American law</a> and <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_United_States" title="Economy of the United States">economics</a>. The first goal was to denounce all man-made laws and replace them with <a href="/wiki/Biblical_law" title="Biblical law">laws from the Bible</a>. The second goal was to create an economic state which would reflect the teachings of the Bible.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarkun2014203_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarkun2014203-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While William Cameron agreed with Rand's initial argument, he specifically focused his writings on changing American economics. One of Cameron's articles, "Divine System of Taxation", spoke of the Bible supporting <a href="/wiki/Individualism" title="Individualism">individualism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Social_justice" title="Social justice">social justice</a> with regard to economics. He also believed that the government had no right to tax land or other forms of property. In accordance with this doctrine, tax refunds should be applied to family vacation trips or they should be applied to national festivals which are observed by adherents of Christian Identity. Also, for the betterment of the United States' economic future, no interest should be charged on debts which are paid with credit, and no taxes should be collected during the traveling time of goods from a manufacturer to a consumer.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarkun2014205–206_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarkun2014205–206-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The mutual point which Rand and Cameron both agreed upon, was that while they may have disagreed with how the government was operating, neither of them resisted the government's current tax policies. Gordon Kahl was the first CI believer to study the founding principles of Rand and Cameron, and apply them in order to take action against the government. Kahl believed that they were on the right track with regard to what needed to be accomplished in order to change public policies. However, he felt that if no actions were taken against violators, no real changes would be made. In 1967, he stopped paying taxes because he felt he was paying "<a href="/wiki/Tithe" title="Tithe">tithes</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Synagogue_of_Satan" title="Synagogue of Satan">Synagogue of Satan</a>". Kahl killed two federal marshals in 1983. Before he was caught for the murders, Kahl wrote a note in which he said "our nation has fallen into the hands of alien people. ... These enemies of Christ have taken their Jewish <a href="/wiki/Communist_Manifesto" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist Manifesto">Communist Manifesto</a> and incorporated it into the Statutory Laws of our country and thrown our <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_United_States" title="Constitution of the United States">Constitution</a> and our <a href="/wiki/Common_law" title="Common law">Christian Common Law</a> into the garbage can."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarkun2014206_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarkun2014206-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Opposition_to_the_banking_system">Opposition to the banking system</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_Identity&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Opposition to the banking system"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Economic_antisemitism" title="Economic antisemitism">Economic antisemitism</a></div> <p>Identity doctrine asserts that the "root of all evil" is <a href="/wiki/Fiat_money" title="Fiat money">paper money</a> (particularly <a href="/wiki/Federal_Reserve_Note" title="Federal Reserve Note">Federal Reserve Notes</a>), and that both usury and <a href="/wiki/Bank" title="Bank">banking systems</a> are controlled by Jews.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAho199087_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAho199087-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Exodus 22:25, Leviticus 25:35–37 and <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Deuteronomy" title="Book of Deuteronomy">Deuteronomy</a> explicitly condemn usury.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAho199092_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAho199092-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ezekiel 18:13 states "He who hath given forth upon usury, and hath taken increase: shall he then live? He shall not live: he hath done all these abominations; he shall surely die; his blood shall be upon him" and it is quoted as a justification for killing Jews. </p><p>Christian Identity advocates the belief that the creation of the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Reserve_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Reserve System">Federal Reserve System</a> in 1913 shifted the control of money from Congress to private institutions and violated the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Constitution">Constitution</a> and the monetary system encourages the Federal Reserve to take out loans, creating trillions of dollars in government debt, and allowing international bankers to control the United States. Credit/debit cards and computerised bills are seen as the fulfillment of the Biblical scripture which warns against "<a href="/wiki/The_Beast_(Revelation)" title="The Beast (Revelation)">the beast</a>" (i.e., banking) as quoted in Revelation 13:15–18.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAho199091_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAho199091-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Identity preacher Sheldon Emry stated that "Most of the owners of the largest banks in America are of <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Europe" title="Eastern Europe">Eastern European</a> (Jewish) ancestry and connected with the (Jewish) <a href="/wiki/N_M_Rothschild_%26_Sons" class="mw-redirect" title="N M Rothschild & Sons">Rothschild European banks</a>", thus, according to Identity doctrine, the global banking conspiracy is led and controlled by Jewish interests.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAho199091_60-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAho199091-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Emry used the radio airwaves to promote his Christian Identity message and his book <i>Billions for the Bankers, Debts for the People</i>. Emry promoted abolishing the banks, which he suggested would solve most of society's ills, including unemployment, divorce, and women working outside the home.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELevitas2002181_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELevitas2002181-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Eschatology">Eschatology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_Identity&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Eschatology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Christian_eschatology" title="Christian eschatology">Christian eschatology</a></div> <p>Christian Identity eschatology is <a href="/wiki/Dispensationalism" title="Dispensationalism">dispensational</a> <a href="/wiki/Premillennialism" title="Premillennialism">premillennialist</a>, including a <a href="/wiki/Second_Coming" title="Second Coming">physical return of Christ to earth</a> and the final battle of <a href="/wiki/Armageddon" title="Armageddon">Armageddon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAho199053-54_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAho199053-54-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, in contrast with <a href="/wiki/Dispensationalism" title="Dispensationalism">dispensationalism</a> and some other <a href="/wiki/Millennialism" title="Millennialism">millennialist</a> forms of <a href="/wiki/Fundamentalist_Christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="Fundamentalist Christianity">fundamentalist Christianity</a>, Christian Identity adherents reject the notion of a <a href="/wiki/Rapture" title="Rapture">rapture</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAho1990272_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAho1990272-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their predictions vary, and some include a <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_conflict" title="Ethnic conflict">race war</a> or a Jewish-backed <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> takeover of the US, and that they should wage a physical struggle against individuals and groups which serve the forces of evil.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKaplan200238_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKaplan200238-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIngram1995123_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIngram1995123-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> has disappeared as a vital threat in their rhetoric, many Christian Identity adherents believe that <a href="/wiki/Communism" title="Communism">Communists</a> are secretly involved in international organizations like the United Nations, or the so-called "<a href="/wiki/New_World_Order_(conspiracy_theory)" class="mw-redirect" title="New World Order (conspiracy theory)">New World Order</a>", in order to destroy the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcFarlandGottfried2002_39-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcFarlandGottfried2002-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organizations">Organizations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_Identity&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Organizations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Rather than being an organized religion, Christian Identity is diverse and decentralized.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKaplan19975_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKaplan19975-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is an ideology which is adhered to by a variety of groups. Some of these groups are <a href="/wiki/List_of_Christian_denominations#Christian_Identitist" title="List of Christian denominations">churches and congregations</a>, such as the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Jesus_Christ%E2%80%93Christian" title="Church of Jesus Christ–Christian">Church of Jesus Christ–Christian</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarkun201463_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarkun201463-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Israel" title="Church of Israel">Church of Israel</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_Joplin_Globe2001_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_Joplin_Globe2001-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/LaPorte_Church_of_Christ" title="LaPorte Church of Christ">LaPorte Church of Christ</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarkun2014203_55-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarkun2014203-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Elohim_City,_Oklahoma" title="Elohim City, Oklahoma">Elohim City</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarkun2014269_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarkun2014269-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_Identity_Ministries" title="Kingdom Identity Ministries">Kingdom Identity Ministries</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEQuarles200460_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEQuarles200460-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/The_Shepherd%27s_Chapel" title="The Shepherd's Chapel">The Shepherd's Chapel</a>. Others are activist groups and paramilitary organizations such as <a href="/wiki/Aryan_Nations" title="Aryan Nations">Aryan Nations</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarkun201470_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarkun201470-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Aryan_Republican_Army" title="Aryan Republican Army">Aryan Republican Army</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBalleck201869_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBalleck201869-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Christian_Soldiers" title="Assembly of Christian Soldiers">Assembly of Christian Soldiers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christian_Defense_League" title="Christian Defense League">Christian Defense League</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarkun201466_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarkun201466-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/The_Covenant,_The_Sword,_and_the_Arm_of_the_Lord" class="mw-redirect" title="The Covenant, The Sword, and the Arm of the Lord">The Covenant, The Sword, and the Arm of the Lord</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarkun2014192_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarkun2014192-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/White_Patriot_Party" title="White Patriot Party">White Patriot Party</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBalleck2018226_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBalleck2018226-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The prison gang <a href="/wiki/Aryan_Brotherhood" title="Aryan Brotherhood">Aryan Brotherhood</a> adheres to Identity, but it prioritizes criminal enterprise over ideology.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAtkins2011155_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAtkins2011155-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other organizations that are not strictly Identity based, but have members who believe in Identity or have affiliations with believers in Identity are the <a href="/wiki/Aryan_Freedom_Network" title="Aryan Freedom Network">Aryan Freedom Network</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Posse_Comitatus_(organization)" title="Posse Comitatus (organization)">Posse Comitatus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEQuarles200478_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEQuarles200478-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Revolutionary_violence">Revolutionary violence</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_Identity&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Revolutionary violence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>While most Identitarians have lived within the dominant culture, some Christian Identity groups on the fringe of the movement have been associated with revolutionary violence.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKaplan200053_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKaplan200053-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the <a href="/wiki/Center_on_Terrorism,_Extremism_and_Counterterrorism" class="mw-redirect" title="Center on Terrorism, Extremism and Counterterrorism">Center on Terrorism, Extremism and Counterterrorism</a>, "Christian Identity has developed a deep <a href="/wiki/Accelerationist" class="mw-redirect" title="Accelerationist">accelerationist</a> current as a result of an active desire among CI adherents to expedite the Battle of Armageddon."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEmiddlebury.edu2024_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEmiddlebury.edu2024-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Tax_evasion" title="Tax evasion">Tax resister</a> and militia movement organizer <a href="/wiki/Gordon_Kahl" title="Gordon Kahl">Gordon Kahl</a> had connections to the Christian Identity movement. His death in a 1983 shootout with federal authorities inspired the founders of <a href="/wiki/The_Order_(white_supremacist_group)" title="The Order (white supremacist group)">The Order</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times2021_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times2021-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/The_Order_(white_supremacist_group)" title="The Order (white supremacist group)">The Order</a>, whose main objective was to start a white supremacist revolution against the United States, was almost entirely made up of individuals who were associated with various Christian Identity groups. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Robert_G._Millar" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert G. Millar">Robert Millar</a>'s Elohim City, a <a href="/wiki/White_nationalism" title="White nationalism">white separatist</a> community in <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a> which is associated with Christian Identity, is also associated with several violent acts. <a href="/wiki/Chevie_Kehoe" title="Chevie Kehoe">Chevie Kehoe</a> spent time there following the Mueller family murders.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times1998_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times1998-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Timothy_McVeigh" title="Timothy McVeigh">Timothy McVeigh</a> called the compound prior to the <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_City_bombing" title="Oklahoma City bombing">Oklahoma City bombing</a> and he is linked to community resident <a href="/wiki/Andreas_Strassmeir" title="Andreas Strassmeir">Andreas Strassmeir</a>. <a href="/wiki/Richard_Snell_(criminal)" title="Richard Snell (criminal)">Richard Wayne Snell</a> is buried there. <a href="/wiki/Aryan_Republican_Army" title="Aryan Republican Army">Midwest Bank bandit</a> Kevin McCarthy was a resident.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETime1997_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETime1997-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Ozarks" title="Ozarks">Ozarks</a>-based compound of <a href="/wiki/The_Covenant,_The_Sword,_and_the_Arm_of_the_Lord" class="mw-redirect" title="The Covenant, The Sword, and the Arm of the Lord">The Covenant, The Sword, and the Arm of the Lord</a> was the site of an FBI raid, which ultimately ended without shots fired as the result of CSA member Kerry Noble negotiating a surrender by CSA leader <a href="/wiki/James_Ellison_(white_supremacist)" title="James Ellison (white supremacist)">James Ellison</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKaplan2000107-108_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKaplan2000107-108-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Within Christian Identity circles, the <a href="/wiki/Phineas_Priesthood" title="Phineas Priesthood">Phineas Priesthood</a> is made up of individuals who have committed a "Phineas action"; a term which is broadly used in reference to murders of <a href="/wiki/Interracial_marriage_in_the_United_States" title="Interracial marriage in the United States">interracial couples</a>, murders of <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_the_United_States" title="Same-sex marriage in the United States">same-sex couples</a>, antisemitic acts, and violent acts against members of other non-white ethnic groups.<sup id="cite_ref-splc_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-splc-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Houston-area writer John Craig, mass shooter <a href="/wiki/Larry_Gene_Ashbrook" class="mw-redirect" title="Larry Gene Ashbrook">Larry Gene Ashbrook</a> had ties to the Phineas Priesthood.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_Los_Angeles_Times1999_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_Los_Angeles_Times1999-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Byron_De_La_Beckwith" title="Byron De La Beckwith">Byron De La Beckwith</a>, the assassin of <a href="/wiki/NAACP" title="NAACP">NAACP</a> and <a href="/wiki/Civil_rights_movement" title="Civil rights movement">Civil rights movement</a> leader <a href="/wiki/Medgar_Evers" title="Medgar Evers">Medgar Evers</a>, was linked to the Phineas Priesthood.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_News_and_Advance1991_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_News_and_Advance1991-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Just before he entered prison to serve his sentence, De La Beckwith was <a href="/wiki/Ordination" title="Ordination">ordained</a> as a minister in the Temple Memorial Baptist Church, a Christian Identity congregation in <a href="/wiki/Knoxville,_Tennessee" title="Knoxville, Tennessee">Knoxville, Tennessee</a> by Reverend <a href="/wiki/Buddy_Tucker" title="Buddy Tucker">Dewey "Buddy" Tucker</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELloyd1995_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELloyd1995-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/James_Mason_(neo-Nazi)" title="James Mason (neo-Nazi)">James Mason</a>, an advisor to the <a href="/wiki/Atomwaffen_Division" title="Atomwaffen Division">Atomwaffen Division</a>, an international <a href="/wiki/Far-right_politics" title="Far-right politics">far-right</a> and <a href="/wiki/Neo-Nazism" title="Neo-Nazism">neo-Nazi</a> terrorist network which is responsible for at least 8 murders and the inspirational leader of the neo-Nazi <a href="/wiki/Accelerationist" class="mw-redirect" title="Accelerationist">accelerationist</a> "<a href="/wiki/Siege_(Mason_book)" title="Siege (Mason book)">siege culture</a>", adheres to Christian Identity and he has also written multiple books about it, including <i>Revisiting Revelation</i> and <i>One-Verse Charlies,</i> among others.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESunshine202415,_306–309_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESunshine202415,_306–309-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_Identity&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 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America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groups_claiming_affiliation_with_Israelites" title="Groups claiming affiliation with Israelites">Groups claiming affiliation with Israelites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinism" title="Kinism">Kinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_organizations_designated_by_the_Southern_Poverty_Law_Center_as_hate_groups#Christian_Identity" title="List of organizations designated by the Southern Poverty Law Center as hate groups">List of organizations designated by the Southern Poverty Law Center as hate groups § Christian Identity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordicism" title="Nordicism">Nordicism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Positive_Christianity" title="Positive Christianity">Positive Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radical_right_(United_States)" title="Radical right (United States)">Radical right (United States)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_citizen_movement" title="Sovereign citizen movement">Sovereign citizen movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zionism" title="Zionism">Zionism</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_Identity&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_Identity&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAho199052,_105-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAho199052,_105_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAho1990">Aho 1990</a>, p. 52, 105.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEADL2017-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEADL2017_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEADL2017_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEADL2017_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEADL2017_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFADL2017">ADL 2017</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESouthern_Poverty_Law_Center-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESouthern_Poverty_Law_Center_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSouthern_Poverty_Law_Center">Southern Poverty Law Center</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarkun2014x-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarkun2014x_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarkun2014x_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBarkun2014">Barkun 2014</a>, p. x.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarkun2014xii–xiii-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarkun2014xii–xiii_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBarkun2014">Barkun 2014</a>, pp. xii–xiii.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarkun2014xii-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarkun2014xii_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBarkun2014">Barkun 2014</a>, p. xii.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEQuarles200413-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEQuarles200413_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFQuarles2004">Quarles 2004</a>, p. 13.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEQuarles200413–19-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEQuarles200413–19_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFQuarles2004">Quarles 2004</a>, pp. 13–19.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGardell2002165-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGardell2002165_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGardell2002">Gardell 2002</a>, p. 165.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavis201011-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavis201011_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavis201011_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDavis2010">Davis 2010</a>, p. 11.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarkun201427-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarkun201427_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBarkun2014">Barkun 2014</a>, p. 27.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarkun201430-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarkun201430_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBarkun2014">Barkun 2014</a>, p. 30.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavis201018-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavis201018_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDavis2010">Davis 2010</a>, p. 18.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarkun201429-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarkun201429_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBarkun2014">Barkun 2014</a>, p. 29.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarkun201445–54-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarkun201445–54_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBarkun2014">Barkun 2014</a>, pp. 45–54.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavis201017–18-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavis201017–18_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDavis2010">Davis 2010</a>, pp. 17–18.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarkun2014140-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarkun2014140_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBarkun2014">Barkun 2014</a>, p. 140.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarkun2014174-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarkun2014174_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBarkun2014">Barkun 2014</a>, p. 174.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarkun201460–85-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarkun201460–85_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBarkun2014">Barkun 2014</a>, pp. 60–85.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKaplan200059-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKaplan200059_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKaplan200059_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKaplan2000">Kaplan 2000</a>, p. 59.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKaplan2000296-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKaplan2000296_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKaplan2000296_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKaplan2000">Kaplan 2000</a>, p. 296.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarkun201461-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarkun201461_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBarkun2014">Barkun 2014</a>, p. 61.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKaplan2000115–116-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKaplan2000115–116_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKaplan2000">Kaplan 2000</a>, pp. 115–116.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELevitas2002110-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELevitas2002110_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLevitas2002">Levitas 2002</a>, p. 110.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKaplan2000298-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKaplan2000298_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKaplan2000">Kaplan 2000</a>, p. 298.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESeymour199185-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESeymour199185_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSeymour1991">Seymour 1991</a>, p. 85.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELevitas200227-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELevitas200227_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLevitas2002">Levitas 2002</a>, p. 27.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKaplan200013,_240-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKaplan200013,_240_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKaplan2000">Kaplan 2000</a>, p. 13, 240.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKaplan200052-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKaplan200052_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKaplan2000">Kaplan 2000</a>, p. 52.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBock1993-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBock1993_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBock1993">Bock 1993</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEck2001347-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEck2001347_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEck2001">Eck 2001</a>, p. 347.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBuck2009107–108,_213-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBuck2009107–108,_213_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBuck2009">Buck 2009</a>, pp. 107–108, 213.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKaplan200050-51,_53-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKaplan200050-51,_53_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKaplan2000">Kaplan 2000</a>, p. 50-51, 53.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAho199088-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAho199088_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAho1990">Aho 1990</a>, p. 88.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEQuarles200468-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEQuarles200468_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFQuarles2004">Quarles 2004</a>, p. 68.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMason2002-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMason2002_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMason2002">Mason 2002</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJames2012-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJames2012_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJames2012">James 2012</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKidd200644-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKidd200644_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKidd2006">Kidd 2006</a>, p. 44.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcFarlandGottfried2002-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcFarlandGottfried2002_39-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcFarlandGottfried2002_39-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcFarlandGottfried2002_39-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcFarlandGottfried2002">McFarland & Gottfried 2002</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAho1990101-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAho1990101_40-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAho1990101_40-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAho1990101_40-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAho1990">Aho 1990</a>, p. 101.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJessup2006170-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJessup2006170_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJessup2006">Jessup 2006</a>, p. 170.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBalleck201868-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBalleck201868_42-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBalleck201868_42-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a 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href="#CITEREFKaplan1997">Kaplan 1997</a>, p. 2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKaplan200051-52-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKaplan200051-52_46-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKaplan200051-52_46-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKaplan2000">Kaplan 2000</a>, p. 51-52.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited 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.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMarion2008" class="citation web cs1">Marion, Samuel (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110723113840/http://www.anglo-saxonisrael.com/docBibStudies/KingdomBasics.html">"Basics for Understanding Yahweh's Kingdom"</a>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.churchoftrueisrael.com/comparet/who-are-jews.html">the original</a> on February 25, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 1,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Church+of+True+Israel&rft.atitle=Who+are+the+Jews%3F&rft.aulast=Comparet&rft.aufirst=Bertrand&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.churchoftrueisrael.com%2Fcomparet%2Fwho-are-jews.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+Identity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAho199085–86-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAho199085–86_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAho1990">Aho 1990</a>, pp. 85–86.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAho199086-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAho199086_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAho1990">Aho 1990</a>, p. 86.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarkun2014202-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarkun2014202_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBarkun2014">Barkun 2014</a>, p. 202.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarkun2014203-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarkun2014203_55-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarkun2014203_55-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBarkun2014">Barkun 2014</a>, p. 203.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarkun2014205–206-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarkun2014205–206_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBarkun2014">Barkun 2014</a>, pp. 205–206.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarkun2014206-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarkun2014206_57-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBarkun2014">Barkun 2014</a>, p. 206.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAho199087-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAho199087_58-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAho1990">Aho 1990</a>, p. 87.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAho199092-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAho199092_59-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAho1990">Aho 1990</a>, p. 92.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAho199091-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAho199091_60-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAho199091_60-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAho1990">Aho 1990</a>, p. 91.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELevitas2002181-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELevitas2002181_61-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLevitas2002">Levitas 2002</a>, p. 181.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAho199053-54-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAho199053-54_62-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAho1990">Aho 1990</a>, p. 53-54.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAho1990272-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAho1990272_63-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAho1990">Aho 1990</a>, p. 272.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKaplan200238-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKaplan200238_64-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKaplan2002">Kaplan 2002</a>, p. 38.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEIngram1995123-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIngram1995123_65-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFIngram1995">Ingram 1995</a>, p. 123.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKaplan19975-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKaplan19975_66-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKaplan1997">Kaplan 1997</a>, p. 5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarkun201463-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarkun201463_67-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBarkun2014">Barkun 2014</a>, p. 63.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_Joplin_Globe2001-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_Joplin_Globe2001_68-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThe_Joplin_Globe2001">The Joplin Globe 2001</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarkun2014269-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarkun2014269_69-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBarkun2014">Barkun 2014</a>, p. 269.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEQuarles200460-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEQuarles200460_70-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFQuarles2004">Quarles 2004</a>, p. 60.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarkun201470-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarkun201470_71-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBarkun2014">Barkun 2014</a>, p. 70.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBalleck201869-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBalleck201869_72-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBalleck2018">Balleck 2018</a>, p. 69.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarkun201466-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarkun201466_73-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBarkun2014">Barkun 2014</a>, p. 66.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarkun2014192-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarkun2014192_74-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBarkun2014">Barkun 2014</a>, p. 192.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBalleck2018226-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBalleck2018226_75-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBalleck2018">Balleck 2018</a>, p. 226.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAtkins2011155-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAtkins2011155_76-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAtkins2011">Atkins 2011</a>, p. 155.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEQuarles200478-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEQuarles200478_77-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFQuarles2004">Quarles 2004</a>, p. 78.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKaplan200053-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKaplan200053_78-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKaplan2000">Kaplan 2000</a>, p. 53.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEmiddlebury.edu2024-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEmiddlebury.edu2024_79-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFmiddlebury.edu2024">middlebury.edu 2024</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times2021-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times2021_80-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThe_New_York_Times2021">The New York Times 2021</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times1998-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times1998_81-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThe_New_York_Times1998">The New York Times 1998</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETime1997-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETime1997_82-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTime1997">Time 1997</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKaplan2000107-108-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKaplan2000107-108_83-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKaplan2000">Kaplan 2000</a>, p. 107-108.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-splc-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-splc_84-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.splcenter.org/fighting-hate/extremist-files/ideology/phineas-priesthood">"Phineas Priesthood"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160221010016/https://www.splcenter.org/fighting-hate/extremist-files/ideology/phineas-priesthood">Archived</a> from the original on February 21, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 6,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Phineas+Priesthood&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.splcenter.org%2Ffighting-hate%2Fextremist-files%2Fideology%2Fphineas-priesthood&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+Identity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_Los_Angeles_Times1999-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_Los_Angeles_Times1999_85-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThe_Los_Angeles_Times1999">The Los Angeles Times 1999</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_News_and_Advance1991-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_News_and_Advance1991_86-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThe_News_and_Advance1991">The News and Advance 1991</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELloyd1995-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELloyd1995_87-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLloyd1995">Lloyd 1995</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESunshine202415,_306–309-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESunshine202415,_306–309_88-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSunshine2024">Sunshine 2024</a>, pp. 15, 306–309.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_Identity&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAho1990" class="citation book cs1">Aho, James Alfred (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/politicsofrighte0000ahoj/page/86"><i>The Politics of Righteousness: Idaho Christian Patriotism</i></a>. Seattle: University of Washington Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-295-96997-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-295-96997-0"><bdi>0-295-96997-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Politics+of+Righteousness%3A+Idaho+Christian+Patriotism&rft.place=Seattle&rft.pub=University+of+Washington+Press&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=0-295-96997-0&rft.aulast=Aho&rft.aufirst=James+Alfred&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpoliticsofrighte0000ahoj%2Fpage%2F86&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+Identity" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAtkins2011" class="citation book cs1">Atkins, Stephen E. (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xnfDEAAAQBAJ"><i>Encyclopedia of Right-Wing Extremism in Modern American History</i></a>. Bloomsbury Publishing USA. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59884-351-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59884-351-4"><bdi>978-1-59884-351-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Right-Wing+Extremism+in+Modern+American+History&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing+USA&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-59884-351-4&rft.aulast=Atkins&rft.aufirst=Stephen+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DxnfDEAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+Identity" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFADL2017" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.adl.org/resources/backgrounders/christian-identity">"Christian Identity"</a>. <i>adl.org</i>. <a href="/wiki/Anti-Defamation_League" title="Anti-Defamation League">Anti-Defamation League</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180405231000/https://www.adl.org/resources/backgrounders/christian-identity">Archived</a> from the original on April 5, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 26,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=adl.org&rft.atitle=Christian+Identity&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.adl.org%2Fresources%2Fbackgrounders%2Fchristian-identity&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+Identity" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarkun2014" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Barkun" title="Michael Barkun">Barkun, Michael</a> (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qb0EAwAAQBAJ"><i>Religion and the Racist Right: The Origins of the Christian Identity Movement</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_North_Carolina_Press" title="University of North Carolina Press">University of North Carolina Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-46961111-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-46961111-2"><bdi>978-1-46961111-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Religion+and+the+Racist+Right%3A+The+Origins+of+the+Christian+Identity+Movement&rft.pub=University+of+North+Carolina+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-46961111-2&rft.aulast=Barkun&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dqb0EAwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+Identity" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBalleck2018" class="citation book cs1">Balleck, Barry J. (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-QPHEAAAQBAJ"><i>Modern American Extremism and Domestic Terrorism: An Encyclopedia of Extremists and Extremist Groups</i></a>. Bloomsbury Publishing USA. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/979-8-216-11837-4" title="Special:BookSources/979-8-216-11837-4"><bdi>979-8-216-11837-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Modern+American+Extremism+and+Domestic+Terrorism%3A+An+Encyclopedia+of+Extremists+and+Extremist+Groups&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing+USA&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=979-8-216-11837-4&rft.aulast=Balleck&rft.aufirst=Barry+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-QPHEAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+Identity" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBock1993" class="citation web cs1">Bock, Alan W. (October 1, 1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://reason.com/archives/1993/10/01/ambush-at-ruby-ridge">"Ambush at Ruby Ridge"</a>. <i>reason.com</i>. <a href="/wiki/Reason_(magazine)" title="Reason (magazine)">Reason</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091008012255/http://reason.com:80/archives/1993/10/01/ambush-at-ruby-ridge">Archived</a> from the original on October 8, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 27,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=reason.com&rft.atitle=Ambush+at+Ruby+Ridge&rft.date=1993-10-01&rft.aulast=Bock&rft.aufirst=Alan+W.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Freason.com%2Farchives%2F1993%2F10%2F01%2Fambush-at-ruby-ridge&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+Identity" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBuck2009" class="citation book cs1">Buck, Christopher (2009). <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/religiousmythsvi00buck"><i>Religious Myths and Visions of America: How Minority Faiths Redefined America's World Role</i></a></span>. Westport, CT: <a href="/wiki/Praeger_Publishing" class="mw-redirect" title="Praeger Publishing">Praeger Publishing</a>. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/religiousmythsvi00buck/page/n117">107</a>, 108, 213. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-35959-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-35959-0"><bdi>978-0-313-35959-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Religious+Myths+and+Visions+of+America%3A+How+Minority+Faiths+Redefined+America%27s+World+Role&rft.place=Westport%2C+CT&rft.pages=107%2C+108%2C+213&rft.pub=Praeger+Publishing&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-313-35959-0&rft.aulast=Buck&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Freligiousmythsvi00buck&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+Identity" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavis2010" class="citation book cs1">Davis, Danny (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dwEDkMEKOgMC"><i>The Phinehas Priesthood: Violent Vanguard of the Christian Identity Movement</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Praeger_Publishing" class="mw-redirect" title="Praeger Publishing">Praeger Publishing</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-36536-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-36536-2"><bdi>978-0-313-36536-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Phinehas+Priesthood%3A+Violent+Vanguard+of+the+Christian+Identity+Movement&rft.pub=Praeger+Publishing&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-313-36536-2&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=Danny&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdwEDkMEKOgMC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+Identity" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEck2001" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Diana_L._Eck" title="Diana L. Eck">Eck, Diane</a> (2001). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/newreligiousamer00eckd"><i>A New Religious America: How a "Christian Country" Has Become the World's Most Religiously Diverse Nation</i></a></span>. New York: <a href="/wiki/HarperCollins" title="HarperCollins">HarperCollins</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-06-062158-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-06-062158-3"><bdi>0-06-062158-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+New+Religious+America%3A+How+a+%22Christian+Country%22+Has+Become+the+World%27s+Most+Religiously+Diverse+Nation&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=HarperCollins&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0-06-062158-3&rft.aulast=Eck&rft.aufirst=Diane&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnewreligiousamer00eckd&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+Identity" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEichhorn1985" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Max_Eichhorn" title="David Max Eichhorn">Eichhorn, David Max</a> (1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wPwEFXmjsiAC"><i>Cain, Son of the Serpent</i></a>. Rossel Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-940646-24-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-940646-24-2"><bdi>0-940646-24-2</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 24,</span> 2021</span> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cain%2C+Son+of+the+Serpent&rft.pub=Rossel+Books&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=0-940646-24-2&rft.aulast=Eichhorn&rft.aufirst=David+Max&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwPwEFXmjsiAC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+Identity" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGardell2002" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Mattias_Gardell" title="Mattias Gardell">Gardell, Mattias</a> (2002). "Black and White Unite in Fight?". In Kaplan, Jeffrey; Lööw, Helene (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CjIYNrOO24IC"><i>The Cultic Milieu: Oppositional Subcultures in an Age of Globalization</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/AltaMira_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="AltaMira Press">AltaMira Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7591-0204-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7591-0204-0"><bdi>978-0-7591-0204-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Black+and+White+Unite+in+Fight%3F&rft.btitle=The+Cultic+Milieu%3A+Oppositional+Subcultures+in+an+Age+of+Globalization&rft.pub=AltaMira+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-7591-0204-0&rft.aulast=Gardell&rft.aufirst=Mattias&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCjIYNrOO24IC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+Identity" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTime1997" class="citation magazine cs1">Graff, James L. (February 24, 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,985943,00.html">"The White City on a Hill"</a>. <i>Time</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0040-781X">0040-781X</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 24,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=The+White+City+on+a+Hill&rft.date=1997-02-24&rft.issn=0040-781X&rft.aulast=Graff&rft.aufirst=James+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.time.com%2Ftime%2Fsubscriber%2Farticle%2F0%2C33009%2C985943%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+Identity" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIngram1995" class="citation book cs1">Ingram, William L. (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=og_u0Re1uwUC&pg=PA123">"God and Race: British-Israelism and Christian Identity"</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Timothy_Miller" title="Timothy Miller">Miller, Timothy</a> (ed.). <i>America's Alternative Religions</i>. <a href="/wiki/State_University_of_New_York_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="State University of New York Press">State University of New York Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0791423974" title="Special:BookSources/978-0791423974"><bdi>978-0791423974</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=God+and+Race%3A+British-Israelism+and+Christian+Identity&rft.btitle=America%27s+Alternative+Religions&rft.pub=State+University+of+New+York+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0791423974&rft.aulast=Ingram&rft.aufirst=William+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dog_u0Re1uwUC%26pg%3DPA123&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+Identity" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJames2012" class="citation web cs1">James, Eli (August 27, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130820130705/http://www.anglo-saxonisrael.com/content/beast-field">"Beast of the Field"</a>. <i>Anglo-Saxon Israel</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://anglo-saxonisrael.com/content/beast-field">the original</a> on August 20, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 1,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Anglo-Saxon+Israel&rft.atitle=Beast+of+the+Field&rft.date=2012-08-27&rft.aulast=James&rft.aufirst=Eli&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fanglo-saxonisrael.com%2Fcontent%2Fbeast-field&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+Identity" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJessup2006" class="citation book cs1">Jessup, Michael (2006). "The Sword of Truth in a Sea of Lies: The Theology of Hate". In Priest, Robert J.; Nieves, Alvaro L. (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=w2ESDAAAQBAJ"><i>This Side of Heaven: Race, Ethnicity, and Christian Faith</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-534353-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-534353-0"><bdi>0-19-534353-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Sword+of+Truth+in+a+Sea+of+Lies%3A+The+Theology+of+Hate&rft.btitle=This+Side+of+Heaven%3A+Race%2C+Ethnicity%2C+and+Christian+Faith&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-19-534353-0&rft.aulast=Jessup&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dw2ESDAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+Identity" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKaplan1997" class="citation book cs1">Kaplan, Jeffrey (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qIilYBbxSbcC"><i>Radical Religion in America: Millenarian Movements from the Far Right to the Children of Noah</i></a>. Syracuse University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8156-0396-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8156-0396-2"><bdi>978-0-8156-0396-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Radical+Religion+in+America%3A+Millenarian+Movements+from+the+Far+Right+to+the+Children+of+Noah&rft.pub=Syracuse+University+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-8156-0396-2&rft.aulast=Kaplan&rft.aufirst=Jeffrey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqIilYBbxSbcC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+Identity" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKaplan2000" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Kaplan_(academic)" title="Jeffrey Kaplan (academic)">Kaplan, Jeffrey</a>, ed. (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nNWbbhUYv8oC"><i>Encyclopedia of White Power: a Sourcebook on the Radical Racist Right</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/AltaMira_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="AltaMira Press">AltaMira Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7425-0340-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-7425-0340-2"><bdi>0-7425-0340-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+White+Power%3A+a+Sourcebook+on+the+Radical+Racist+Right&rft.pub=AltaMira+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-7425-0340-2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnNWbbhUYv8oC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+Identity" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKaplan2002" class="citation book cs1">Kaplan, Jeffrey (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qb92tBxVOZgC&pg=PA37"><i>Millennial Violence: Past, Present, and Future</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. p. 38. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7146-5294-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7146-5294-8"><bdi>978-0-7146-5294-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Millennial+Violence%3A+Past%2C+Present%2C+and+Future&rft.pages=38&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-7146-5294-8&rft.aulast=Kaplan&rft.aufirst=Jeffrey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dqb92tBxVOZgC%26pg%3DPA37&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+Identity" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKim2015" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Claire_Jean_Kim" title="Claire Jean Kim">Kim, Claire Jean</a> (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rIiSBwAAQBAJ&q=charles%20carroll"><i>Dangerous Crossings: Race, Species, and Nature in a Multicultural Age</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781316298978" title="Special:BookSources/9781316298978"><bdi>9781316298978</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dangerous+Crossings%3A+Race%2C+Species%2C+and+Nature+in+a+Multicultural+Age&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=9781316298978&rft.aulast=Kim&rft.aufirst=Claire+Jean&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DrIiSBwAAQBAJ%26q%3Dcharles%2520carroll&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+Identity" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_New_York_Times2021" class="citation news cs1">King, Wayne (August 21, 1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1990/08/21/books/books-of-the-times-a-farmer-s-fatal-obsession-with-jews-and-taxes.html">"Books of The Times; A Farmer's Fatal Obsession With Jews and Taxes"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 27,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Books+of+The+Times%3B+A+Farmer%27s+Fatal+Obsession+With+Jews+and+Taxes&rft.date=1990-08-21&rft.aulast=King&rft.aufirst=Wayne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1990%2F08%2F21%2Fbooks%2Fbooks-of-the-times-a-farmer-s-fatal-obsession-with-jews-and-taxes.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+Identity" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_Los_Angeles_Times1999" class="citation news cs1">Kolker, Claudia; Slater, Eric (September 18, 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1999-sep-18-mn-11519-story.html">"Texas Gunman Tied to Hate Groups; Writings Show Persecution Feelings"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Texas+Gunman+Tied+to+Hate+Groups%3B+Writings+Show+Persecution+Feelings&rft.date=1999-09-18&rft.aulast=Kolker&rft.aufirst=Claudia&rft.au=Slater%2C+Eric&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-1999-sep-18-mn-11519-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+Identity" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLevitas2002" class="citation book cs1">Levitas, Daniel (2002). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/terroristnextdoo00levi"><i>The Terrorist Next Door: The Militia Movement and the Radical Right</i></a></span>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Dunne_Books" title="Thomas Dunne Books">Thomas Dunne Books</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-312-29105-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-312-29105-1"><bdi>0-312-29105-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Terrorist+Next+Door%3A+The+Militia+Movement+and+the+Radical+Right&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Thomas+Dunne+Books&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-312-29105-1&rft.aulast=Levitas&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fterroristnextdoo00levi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+Identity" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLloyd1995" class="citation journal cs1">Lloyd, James B. (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trace.tennessee.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1106&context=utk_libdevel">"Tennessee, Racism, and the New Right: The Second Beckwith Collection"</a>. <i>The Library Development Review</i>: 3.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Library+Development+Review&rft.atitle=Tennessee%2C+Racism%2C+and+the+New+Right%3A+The+Second+Beckwith+Collection&rft.pages=3&rft.date=1995&rft.aulast=Lloyd&rft.aufirst=James+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftrace.tennessee.edu%2Fcgi%2Fviewcontent.cgi%3Farticle%3D1106%26context%3Dutk_libdevel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+Identity" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKidd2006" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Colin_Kidd" title="Colin Kidd">Kidd, Colin</a> (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=aNT3q1HjY_MC"><i>The Forging of Races: Race and Scripture in the Protestant Atlantic World, 1600–2000</i></a>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-79729-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-79729-0"><bdi>978-0-521-79729-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Forging+of+Races%3A+Race+and+Scripture+in+the+Protestant+Atlantic+World%2C+1600%E2%80%932000&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-521-79729-0&rft.aulast=Kidd&rft.aufirst=Colin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DaNT3q1HjY_MC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+Identity" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMason2002" class="citation book cs1">Mason, Carol (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UZDxyVcLKh4C"><i>Killing for Life: The Apocalyptic Narrative of Pro-Life Politics</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Cornell_University_Press" title="Cornell University Press">Cornell University Press</a>. p. 30. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8014-8819-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8014-8819-1"><bdi>978-0-8014-8819-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Killing+for+Life%3A+The+Apocalyptic+Narrative+of+Pro-Life+Politics&rft.pages=30&rft.pub=Cornell+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-8014-8819-1&rft.aulast=Mason&rft.aufirst=Carol&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUZDxyVcLKh4C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+Identity" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_Joplin_Globe2001" class="citation news cs1">McCoy, Max (January 28, 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspaperarchive.com/joplin-sunday-globe/2001-01-28/page-74/">"Separatist by faith: Church of Israel's patriarch rebuts claims of racism"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Joplin_Globe" title="The Joplin Globe">The Joplin Globe</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Joplin+Globe&rft.atitle=Separatist+by+faith%3A+Church+of+Israel%27s+patriarch+rebuts+claims+of+racism&rft.date=2001-01-28&rft.aulast=McCoy&rft.aufirst=Max&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspaperarchive.com%2Fjoplin-sunday-globe%2F2001-01-28%2Fpage-74%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+Identity" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcFarlandGottfried2002" class="citation journal cs1">McFarland, Michael; Gottfried, Glenn (2002). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/24764349">"The Chosen Ones: A Mythic Analysis of the Theological and Political Self-Justification of Christian Identity"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_for_the_Study_of_Religion" title="Journal for the Study of Religion">Journal for the Study of Religion</a></i>. <b>15</b> (1): 128–130. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1011-7601">1011-7601</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/24764349">24764349</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 27,</span> 2021</span> – via JSTOR.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+for+the+Study+of+Religion&rft.atitle=The+Chosen+Ones%3A+A+Mythic+Analysis+of+the+Theological+and+Political+Self-Justification+of+Christian+Identity&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=128-130&rft.date=2002&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F24764349%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.issn=1011-7601&rft.aulast=McFarland&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.au=Gottfried%2C+Glenn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F24764349&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+Identity" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFQuarles2004" class="citation book cs1">Quarles, Chester L. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=r5BzY2eeyngC&pg=PA68"><i>Christian Identity: The Aryan American Bloodline Religion</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/McFarland_%26_Company" title="McFarland & Company">McFarland & Company</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-1892-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-1892-3"><bdi>978-0-7864-1892-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Christian+Identity%3A+The+Aryan+American+Bloodline+Religion&rft.pub=McFarland+%26+Company&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-7864-1892-3&rft.aulast=Quarles&rft.aufirst=Chester+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dr5BzY2eeyngC%26pg%3DPA68&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+Identity" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRouth1905" class="citation book cs1">Routh, James Edward (1905). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1gPXAAAAMAAJ"><i>Two Studies on the Ballad Theory of the Beowulf</i></a>. Baltimore: J. H. Furst Company<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 24,</span> 2021</span> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Two+Studies+on+the+Ballad+Theory+of+the+Beowulf&rft.place=Baltimore&rft.pub=J.+H.+Furst+Company&rft.date=1905&rft.aulast=Routh&rft.aufirst=James+Edward&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1gPXAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+Identity" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>* <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSeymour1991" class="citation book cs1">Seymour, Cheri (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tDnLAAAACAAJ"><i>Committee of the States: Inside the Radical Right</i></a>. Camden Place Communications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9628772-0-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-9628772-0-4"><bdi>0-9628772-0-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Committee+of+the+States%3A+Inside+the+Radical+Right&rft.pub=Camden+Place+Communications&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=0-9628772-0-4&rft.aulast=Seymour&rft.aufirst=Cheri&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtDnLAAAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+Identity" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSouthern_Poverty_Law_Center" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.splcenter.org/fighting-hate/extremist-files/ideology/christian-identity">"Christian Identity"</a>. <i>splcenter.org</i>. <a href="/wiki/Southern_Poverty_Law_Center" title="Southern Poverty Law Center">Southern Poverty Law Center</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150908001022/https://www.splcenter.org/fighting-hate/extremist-files/ideology/christian-identity">Archived</a> from the original on September 8, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 26,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=splcenter.org&rft.atitle=Christian+Identity&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.splcenter.org%2Ffighting-hate%2Fextremist-files%2Fideology%2Fchristian-identity&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+Identity" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSunshine2024" class="citation book cs1">Sunshine, Spencer (2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Jcz8EAAAQBAJ"><i>Neo-Nazi Terrorism and Countercultural Fascism: The Origins and Afterlife of James Manson's Siege</i></a>. New York, NY: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-429-57601-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-429-57601-0"><bdi>978-0-429-57601-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Neo-Nazi+Terrorism+and+Countercultural+Fascism%3A+The+Origins+and+Afterlife+of+James+Manson%27s+Siege&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2024&rft.isbn=978-0-429-57601-0&rft.aulast=Sunshine&rft.aufirst=Spencer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJcz8EAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+Identity" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_New_York_Times1998" class="citation news cs1">Thomas, Jo (March 29, 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150527090539/http://www.nytimes.com/1998/03/29/us/killings-illuminate-culture-of-white-supremacists.html?pagewanted=1">"Killings Illuminate Culture of White Supremacists"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1998/03/29/us/killings-illuminate-culture-of-white-supremacists.html">the original</a> on May 27, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 19,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Killings+Illuminate+Culture+of+White+Supremacists&rft.date=1998-03-29&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Thomas&rft.aufirst=Jo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1998%2F03%2F29%2Fus%2Fkillings-illuminate-culture-of-white-supremacists.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+Identity" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_News_and_Advance1991" class="citation news cs1">Woodrum, Robert (November 1, 1991). "City man's extremist writings crop up in civil rights case". <i>The News and Advance</i>. Lynchburg, Virginia. p. 1.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+News+and+Advance&rft.atitle=City+man%27s+extremist+writings+crop+up+in+civil+rights+case&rft.pages=1&rft.date=1991-11-01&rft.aulast=Woodrum&rft.aufirst=Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+Identity" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFmiddlebury.edu2024" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.middlebury.edu/institute/academics/centers-initiatives/ctec/ctec-publications/christian-identitys-new-role-extreme-right">"Christian Identity's New Role On The Extreme Right"</a>. <i>middlebury.edu</i>. <a href="/wiki/Center_on_Terrorism,_Extremism_and_Counterterrorism" class="mw-redirect" title="Center on Terrorism, Extremism and Counterterrorism">Center on Terrorism, Extremism and Counterterrorism</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 18,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=middlebury.edu&rft.atitle=Christian+Identity%27s+New+Role+On+The+Extreme+Right&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.middlebury.edu%2Finstitute%2Facademics%2Fcenters-initiatives%2Fctec%2Fctec-publications%2Fchristian-identitys-new-role-extreme-right&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+Identity" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_Identity&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vault.fbi.gov/Christian%20Identity%20Movement%20/Christian%20Identity%20Movement%20Part%201%20of%201/view">FBI backgrounder on Christian Identity</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output 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and Abel"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cain_and_Abel" title="Template talk:Cain and Abel"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cain_and_Abel" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cain and Abel"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cain_and_Abel" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Cain_and_Abel" title="Cain and Abel">Cain and Abel</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Genesis" title="Book of Genesis">Book of Genesis</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Biblical characters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adam" title="Adam">Adam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eve" title="Eve">Eve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cain" title="Cain">Cain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abel" title="Abel">Abel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enoch_(son_of_Cain)" title="Enoch (son of Cain)">Enoch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Awan_(religious_figure)" class="mw-redirect" title="Awan (religious figure)">Awan</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cain_leadeth_abel_to_death_tissot.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Cain_leadeth_abel_to_death_tissot.jpg/150px-Cain_leadeth_abel_to_death_tissot.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="192" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Cain_leadeth_abel_to_death_tissot.jpg/225px-Cain_leadeth_abel_to_death_tissot.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Cain_leadeth_abel_to_death_tissot.jpg/300px-Cain_leadeth_abel_to_death_tissot.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2345" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Portrayals in media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Film</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/East_of_Eden_(film)" title="East of Eden (film)">East of Eden</a></i> (1955)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ca%C3%ADn_(film)" title="Caín (film)">Caín</a></i> (1984)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/La_Biblia_en_pasta" title="La Biblia en pasta">La Biblia en pasta</a></i> (1984)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Last_Eve" title="The Last Eve">The Last Eve</a></i> (2005)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Year_One_(film)" title="Year One (film)">Year One</a></i> (2009)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Abel_Cain" title="Abel Cain">Abel Cain</a></i> (unmade)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Plays</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Le_Jeu_d%27Adam" title="Le Jeu d'Adam">Le Jeu d'Adam</a></i> (12th century)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cain_(play)" title="Cain (play)">Cain</a></i> (1821)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Musicals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Children_of_Eden" title="Children of Eden">Children of Eden</a></i> (1991)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Here%27s_Where_I_Belong" title="Here's Where I Belong">Here's Where I Belong</a></i> (1968)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Literature</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Book_of_the_Penitence_of_Adam" title="Book of the Penitence of Adam">Book of the Penitence of Adam</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/East_of_Eden_(novel)" title="East of Eden (novel)">East of Eden</a></i> (1952 novel)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Abel_S%C3%A1nchez:_The_History_of_a_Passion" title="Abel Sánchez: The History of a Passion">Abel Sánchez: The History of a Passion</a></i> (1917)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Book_of_Lies_(Meltzer_novel)" title="The Book of Lies (Meltzer novel)">The Book of Lies</a></i> (2008 novel)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Songs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Should_the_Bible_Be_Banned" title="Should the Bible Be Banned">Should the Bible Be Banned</a>" (1988)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Cain%27s_Blood" title="Cain's Blood">Cain's Blood</a>" (1995)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cain_and_Abel_(Titian)" title="Cain and Abel (Titian)"><i>Cain and Abel</i> (Titian)</a> (c. 1545 painting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cain_and_Abel_(Tintoretto)" title="Cain and Abel (Tintoretto)"><i>Cain and Abel</i> (Tintoretto)</a> (c. 1550 painting)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/La_mort_d%27Abel" title="La mort d'Abel">La mort d'Abel</a></i> (1810 composition)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_First_Mourning" title="The First Mourning">The First Mourning</a></i> (1888 painting)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cain_and_Abel_(South_Korean_TV_series)" title="Cain and Abel (South Korean TV series)">Cain and Abel</a></i> (2009 TV series)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cain_and_Abel_(comics)" title="Cain and Abel (comics)">Cain and Abel</a></i> (DC Comics)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related theology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adam_and_Eve" title="Adam and Eve">Adam and Eve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Judas" title="Gospel of Judas">Gospel of Judas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curse_and_mark_of_Cain" title="Curse and mark of Cain">Curse and mark of Cain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serpent_seed" title="Serpent seed">Serpent seed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cain_and_Abel_in_Islam" title="Cain and Abel in Islam">Cain and Abel in Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balbira_and_Kalmana" class="mw-redirect" title="Balbira and Kalmana">Balbira and Kalmana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cainites" title="Cainites">Cainites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Generations_of_Adam" title="Generations of Adam">Generations of Adam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Genesis_patriarchs" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of Genesis patriarchs">Timeline of Genesis patriarchs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_of_Nod" title="Land of Nod">Land of Nod</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dracula:_The_Dark_Prince" title="Dracula: The Dark Prince">Dracula: The Dark Prince</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="White_people" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:White_people" title="Template:White people"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:White_people" title="Template talk:White people"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:White_people" title="Special:EditPage/Template:White people"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="White_people" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/White_people" title="White people">White people</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b>Bold</b> refers to countries, regions and territories in which the majority ethnic group is generally considered to be people of white European descent.</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/European_emigration" title="European emigration">European emigration</a><br />by location</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/White_Africans_of_European_ancestry" title="White Africans of European ancestry">Africa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pieds-noirs" title="Pieds-noirs">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Angolans" title="White Angolans">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_people_in_Botswana" title="White people in Botswana">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_people_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="White people in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_people_in_Kenya" title="White people in Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Malawians" title="White Malawians">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Moroccans" title="European Moroccans">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Namibians" title="White Namibians">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoreilles" title="Zoreilles">Reunion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_South_Africans" title="White South Africans">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Tunisians" title="European Tunisians">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_people_in_Zambia" title="White people in Zambia">Zambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Zimbabweans" title="White Zimbabweans">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Pakistanis" title="European Pakistanis">Pakistan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/White_Bahamian" class="mw-redirect" title="White Bahamian">Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Barbadians" title="White Barbadians">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Bermudians" title="White Bermudians">Bermuda</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/European_Canadians" title="European Canadians">Canada</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Caribbean_people" title="White Caribbean people">Caribbean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Caymanians" title="White Caymanians">Cayman Islands</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Costa_Rica#European_Costa_Ricans" title="Demographics of Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Cubans#European" title="Cubans">Cuba</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Dominican_(Dominica)" class="mw-redirect" title="White Dominican (Dominica)">Dominica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Dominicans" title="White Dominicans">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvadorans#White_and_Mestizo_Salvadorans" title="Salvadorans">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guatemalans#Criollo_and_other_European_descendants" title="Guatemalans">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Haitians" title="White Haitians">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Honduras#European" title="Demographics of Honduras">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Jamaicans" title="White Jamaicans">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Mexicans" title="White Mexicans">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Panama#European_Panamanians" title="Demographics of Panama">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Trinidadians_and_Tobagonians" title="White Trinidadians and Tobagonians">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/White_Americans" title="White Americans">United States</a></b> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/White_Americans_in_California" title="White Americans in California">California</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=White_Americans_in_Los_Angeles&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="White Americans in Los Angeles (page does not exist)">Los Angeles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_San_Francisco#European_Americans" title="Demographics of San Francisco">San Francisco</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_people_in_Hawaii" title="White people in Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/White_Americans_in_Louisiana" title="White Americans in Louisiana">Louisiana</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/White_Americans_in_Maryland" title="White Americans in Maryland">Maryland</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_White_Americans_in_Baltimore" title="History of White Americans in Baltimore">Baltimore</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/White_Southerners" title="White Southerners">Southern United States</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Puerto_Ricans" title="White Puerto Ricans">Puerto Rico</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Kittitians_and_Nevisians" title="White Kittitians and Nevisians">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/White_Latin_Americans" title="White Latin Americans">South America</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Argentines_of_European_descent" title="Argentines of European descent">Argentina</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Bolivians" title="White Bolivians">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Brazilians" title="White Brazilians">Brazil</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Chileans#European_and_neighboring_immigrants" title="Chileans">Chile</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Colombians" title="White Colombians">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Paraguayans" title="White Paraguayans">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peruvians_of_European_descent" title="Peruvians of European descent">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Surinamese" title="White Surinamese">Suriname</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Uruguayans#Europeans_or_whites" title="Uruguayans">Uruguay</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuelans_of_European_descent" title="Venezuelans of European descent">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Europeans_in_Oceania" title="Europeans in Oceania">Oceania</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/European_Australians" title="European Australians">Australia</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caldoche" title="Caldoche">New Caledonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_people_in_Hawaii" title="White people in Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/European_New_Zealanders" title="European New Zealanders">New Zealand</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apartheid" title="Apartheid">Apartheid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aryan_race" title="Aryan race">Aryan</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Blanqueamiento" title="Blanqueamiento">Blanqueamiento</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Casta" title="Casta">Castas</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Peninsulares" title="Peninsulares">Peninsulares</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Criollo_people" title="Criollo people">Criollos</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_white_child" title="First white child">First white child</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honorary_whites" title="Honorary whites">Honorary whites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Play_the_white_man" title="Play the white man">Play the white man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-modern_conceptions_of_whiteness" title="Pre-modern conceptions of whiteness">Pre-modern conceptions of whiteness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Settler_colonialism" title="Settler colonialism">Settler colonialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Australia_policy" title="White Australia policy">White Australia policy</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_White_Man%27s_Burden" title="The White Man's Burden">The White Man's Burden</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_gods" title="White gods">White gods</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sociological<br />phenomena and theories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acting_white" title="Acting white">Acting white</a> (<a href="/wiki/Passing_(racial_identity)" title="Passing (racial identity)">Passing as white</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missing_white_woman_syndrome" title="Missing white woman syndrome">Missing white woman syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skin_whitening" title="Skin whitening">Skin whitening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_flight" title="White flight">White flight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_guilt" title="White guilt">White guilt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_privilege" title="White privilege">White privilege</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whiteness_studies" title="Whiteness studies">Whiteness studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitewashing_in_art" title="Whitewashing in art">Whitewashing in art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitewashing_in_film" title="Whitewashing in film">Whitewashing in film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_savior_narrative_in_film" title="White savior narrative in film">White savior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_demographic_decline" title="White demographic decline">White demographic decline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:White_people_terms" title="Template:White people terms">White people terms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_supremacy" title="White supremacy">White supremacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reverse_racism" title="Reverse racism">Reverse racism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Negative stereotypes of Whites</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stereotypes_of_white_Americans" title="Stereotypes of white Americans">In the United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Appalachian_stereotypes" title="Appalachian stereotypes">Appalachian stereotypes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillbilly" title="Hillbilly">Hillbilly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_white" title="Mountain white">Mountain whites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poor_White" title="Poor White">Poor Whites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redleg" title="Redleg">Redlegs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redneck" title="Redneck">Rednecks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_trash" title="White trash">White trash</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karen_(slang)" title="Karen (slang)">Karen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angry_white_male" title="Angry white male">Angry white male</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Becky_(slang)" title="Becky (slang)">Becky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basic_(slang)" title="Basic (slang)">Basic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_monkey" title="White monkey">White monkey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">White <a href="/wiki/Identity_politics" title="Identity politics">identity politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Definitions_of_whiteness_in_the_United_States" title="Definitions of whiteness in the United States">US definitions of whiteness</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/One-drop_rule" title="One-drop rule">One-drop rule</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alt-right" title="Alt-right">Alt-right</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Christian Identity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_New_Right" title="European New Right">European New Right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Replacement" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Replacement">Great Replacement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Identitarian_movement" title="Identitarian movement">Identitarian movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-Hispanic_whites" title="Non-Hispanic whites">Non-Hispanic whites</a></li> <li>Old Stock <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_Stock_Americans" title="Old Stock Americans">Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Stock_Canadians" title="Old Stock Canadians">Canadians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pure_laine" title="Pure laine">Quebeckers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Anglo-Saxon_Protestants" title="White Anglo-Saxon Protestants">White Anglo-Saxon Protestants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_ethnic" title="White ethnic">White ethnic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_genocide_conspiracy_theory" title="White genocide conspiracy theory">White genocide conspiracy theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="White Hispanic and Latino Americans">White Hispanic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_identity" title="White identity">White identity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_nationalism" title="White nationalism">White nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_pride" title="White pride">White pride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_supremacy" title="White supremacy">White supremacy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Race_(human_categorization)" title="Race (human categorization)">Race</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Europe" title="Ethnic groups in Europe">European native population</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:People_of_European_descent" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:People of European descent">Commons</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Neo-Nazism" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Neo-Nazism" title="Template:Neo-Nazism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Neo-Nazism" title="Template talk:Neo-Nazism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Neo-Nazism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Neo-Nazism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Neo-Nazism" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Neo-Nazism" title="Neo-Nazism">Neo-Nazism</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Extant</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Germany <br />and Austria</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Autonome_Nationalisten" title="Autonome Nationalisten">Autonome Nationalisten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artgemeinschaft" title="Artgemeinschaft">Artgemeinschaft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Way_(Germany)" title="Third Way (Germany)">The III. Path</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Right_(Germany)" title="The Right (Germany)">The Right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Democratic_Party_of_Germany" title="National Democratic Party of Germany">National Democratic Party of Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nipster" title="Nipster">Nipsters</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alliance_for_Peace_and_Freedom" title="Alliance for Peace and Freedom">Alliance for Peace and Freedom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alliansen_(Norway)" class="mw-redirect" title="Alliansen (Norway)">Alliansen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Authentic_Croatian_Party_of_Rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Authentic Croatian Party of Rights">Authentic Croatian Party of Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnian_Movement_of_National_Pride" title="Bosnian Movement of National Pride">Bosnian Movement of National Pride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Movement" title="British Movement">British Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combat_18" title="Combat 18">Combat 18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_People%27s_Union" title="Dutch People's Union">Dutch People's Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_National_Union" title="Ethnic National Union">Ethnic National Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Dawn_(Greece)" title="Golden Dawn (Greece)">Golden Dawn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kohti_Vapautta!" title="Kohti Vapautta!">Kohti Vapautta!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_Our_Slovakia" title="People's Party Our Slovakia">Kotleba – People's Party Our Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperium_Europa" title="Imperium Europa">Imperium Europa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leviathan_Movement" title="Leviathan Movement">Leviathan Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metapedia" title="Metapedia">Metapedia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Alliance_(Spain)" title="National Alliance (Spain)">National Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialism_/_White_Power" title="National Socialism / White Power">National Socialism / White Power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Movement_of_Denmark" title="National Socialist Movement of Denmark">National Socialist Movement of Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_Resistance_Movement" title="Nordic Resistance Movement">Nordic Resistance Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_9th_Society" title="November 9th Society">November 9th Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Nine_Angles" title="Order of Nine Angles">Order of Nine Angles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_Movement" title="Republic Movement">Republic Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vigrid_(Norway)" title="Vigrid (Norway)">Vigrid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers%27_Party_of_Social_Justice" title="Workers' Party of Social Justice">Workers' Party of Social Justice</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afrikaner_Weerstandsbeweging" title="Afrikaner Weerstandsbeweging">Afrikaner Weerstandsbeweging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Front" title="American Front">American Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Communist_Action" title="Anti-Communist Action">Anti-Communist Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antipodean_Resistance" title="Antipodean Resistance">Antipodean Resistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aryan_Brotherhood" title="Aryan Brotherhood">Aryan Brotherhood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aryan_Freedom_Network" title="Aryan Freedom Network">Aryan Freedom Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aryan_Guard" title="Aryan Guard">Aryan Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aryan_Nations" title="Aryan Nations">Aryan Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atomwaffen_Division" title="Atomwaffen Division">Atomwaffen Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Barnes_Review" title="The Barnes Review">The Barnes Review</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Base_(hate_group)" title="The Base (hate group)">The Base</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Order_(Satanist_group)" title="Black Order (Satanist group)">Black Order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blanke_Bevrydingsbeweging" title="Blanke Bevrydingsbeweging">Blanke Bevrydingsbeweging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blood_%26_Honour" title="Blood & Honour">Blood & Honour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creativity_(religion)" title="Creativity (religion)">Creativity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Stormer" title="The Daily Stormer">The Daily Stormer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hammerskins" title="Hammerskins">Hammerskins/Hammerskin Nation and Crew 38</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Identity_Evropa" title="Identity Evropa">Identity Evropa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Klans_of_America" title="Imperial Klans of America">Imperial Klans of America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron_March" title="Iron March">Iron March</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keystone_United" title="Keystone United">Keystone United</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lads_Society" title="Lads Society">Lads Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misanthropic_Division" title="Misanthropic Division">Misanthropic Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialism_Association" title="National Socialism Association">National Socialism Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Japanese_Workers%27_Party" title="National Socialist Japanese Workers' Party">National Socialist Japanese Workers' Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Movement_(United_States)" title="National Socialist Movement (United States)">National Socialist Movement (United States)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Vanguard_(American_organization)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Vanguard (American organization)">National Vanguard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NSDAP/AO_(1972)" title="NSDAP/AO (1972)">NSDAP/AO (1972)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriot_Front" title="Patriot Front">Patriot Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renegade_Tribune" class="mw-redirect" title="Renegade Tribune">Renegade Tribune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rise_Above_Movement" title="Rise Above Movement">Rise Above Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Right_Stuff_(blog)" title="The Right Stuff (blog)">The Right Stuff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stormfront_(website)" title="Stormfront (website)">Stormfront</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsagaan_Khas" title="Tsagaan Khas">Tsagaan Khas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanguard_America" title="Vanguard America">Vanguard America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Aryan_Resistance" title="White Aryan Resistance">White Aryan Resistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_power_skinhead" title="White power skinhead">White power skinheads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Union_of_National_Socialists" title="World Union of National Socialists">World Union of National Socialists</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Germany <br />and Austria</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Action_Front_of_National_Socialists/National_Activists" title="Action Front of National Socialists/National Activists">Action Front of National Socialists/National Activists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Heidnische_Front" class="mw-redirect" title="Deutsche Heidnische Front">Deutsche Heidnische Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Reichspartei" title="Deutsche Reichspartei">Deutsche Reichspartei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_German_Workers%27_Party" title="Free German Workers' Party">Free German Workers' Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gesinnungsgemeinschaft_der_Neuen_Front" title="Gesinnungsgemeinschaft der Neuen Front">Gesinnungsgemeinschaft der Neuen Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Alternative" title="German Alternative">German Alternative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Social_Union_(West_Germany)" title="German Social Union (West Germany)">German Social Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Immortals_(neo-Nazis)" title="The Immortals (neo-Nazis)">The Immortals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landig_Group" title="Landig Group">Landig Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Democratic_Party_(Austria)" title="National Democratic Party (Austria)">National Democratic Party (Austria)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalist_Front_(Germany)" title="Nationalist Front (Germany)">Nationalist Front (Germany)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Offensive" title="National Offensive">National Offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Underground" title="National Socialist Underground">National Socialist Underground</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Reich_Party" title="Socialist Reich Party">Socialist Reich Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volkssozialistische_Bewegung_Deutschlands/Partei_der_Arbeit" title="Volkssozialistische Bewegung Deutschlands/Partei der Arbeit">Volkssozialistische Bewegung Deutschlands/Partei der Arbeit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiking-Jugend" title="Wiking-Jugend">Wiking-Jugend</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Vanguard_(Italy)" title="National Vanguard (Italy)">Avanguardia Nazionale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloed,_Bodem,_Eer_en_Trouw" title="Bloed, Bodem, Eer en Trouw">Bloed, Bodem, Eer en Trouw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boot_Boys" title="Boot Boys">Boot Boys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CEDADE" title="CEDADE">CEDADE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Liberation_Front" title="European Liberation Front">European Liberation Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_d%27action_nationale_et_europ%C3%A9enne" title="Fédération d'action nationale et européenne">Fédération d'action nationale et européenne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Format18" title="Format18">Format18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_and_European_Nationalist_Party" title="French and European Nationalist Party">French and European Nationalist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_National_Front" title="Hungarian National Front">Hungarian National Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heathen_Front" title="Heathen Front">Heathen Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nacionalni_stroj" title="Nacionalni stroj">Nacionalni stroj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Action_(UK)" title="National Action (UK)">National Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Action_Party" title="National Socialist Action Party">National Socialist Action Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Front" title="National Socialist Front">National Socialist Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Irish_Workers_Party" title="National Socialist Irish Workers Party">National Socialist Irish Workers Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Movement_(UK,_1962)" title="National Socialist Movement (UK, 1962)">National Socialist Movement (UK)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Movement_of_Norway" title="National Socialist Movement of Norway">National Socialist Movement of Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Brotherhood" title="Northern Brotherhood">Northern Brotherhood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_National_Socialist_Party" title="Russian National Socialist Party">Russian National Socialist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Nordic_Realm_Party" title="The Nordic Realm Party">Nordic Realm Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Front" title="Norwegian Front">Norwegian Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Germanic_Army" title="Norwegian Germanic Army">Norwegian Germanic Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Flemish_Militants" title="Order of Flemish Militants">Order of Flemish Militants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordine_Nero" title="Ordine Nero">Ordine Nero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordine_Nuovo" title="Ordine Nuovo">Ordine Nuovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_of_the_Danes" title="Party of the Danes">Party of the Danes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_of_the_Swedes" title="Party of the Swedes">Party of the Swedes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pax_Hungarica_Movement" title="Pax Hungarica Movement">Pax Hungarica Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriot_of_Ukraine" title="Patriot of Ukraine">Patriot of Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavic_Union_(Russia)" title="Slavic Union (Russia)">Slavic Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pamyat" title="Pamyat">Pamyat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_National_Union" title="Russian National Union">Russian National Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_National_Unity" title="Russian National Unity">Russian National Unity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volkspartei_der_Schweiz" title="Volkspartei der Schweiz">Volkspartei der Schweiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Aryan_Resistance_(Sweden)" title="White Aryan Resistance (Sweden)">White Aryan Resistance (Sweden)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers%27_Party_(Czech_Republic)" title="Workers' Party (Czech Republic)">Workers' Party</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Nazi_Party" title="American Nazi Party">American Nazi Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aryan_Republican_Army" title="Aryan Republican Army">Aryan Republican Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Defence_League" title="Australian Defence League">Australian Defence League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_National_Socialist_Party" title="Australian National Socialist Party">Australian National Socialist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australia_First_Party" title="Australia First Party">Australia First Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azure_Party" title="Azure Party">Azure Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Nazi_Party" title="Canadian Nazi Party">Canadian Nazi Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Covenant,_the_Sword,_and_the_Arm_of_the_Lord" title="The Covenant, the Sword, and the Arm of the Lord">The Covenant, the Sword, and the Arm of the Lord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heritage_Front" title="Heritage Front">Heritage Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Action_(Australia)" title="National Action (Australia)">National Action (Australia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Alliance_(United_States)" title="National Alliance (United States)">National Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Renaissance_Party_(United_States)" title="National Renaissance Party (United States)">National Renaissance Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Party_of_America" title="National Socialist Party of America">National Socialist Party of America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_League_(United_States)" title="National Socialist League (United States)">National Socialist League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Liberation_Front" title="National Socialist Liberation Front">National Socialist Liberation Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Party_of_Australia" title="National Socialist Party of Australia">National Socialist Party of Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Party_of_New_Zealand" title="National Socialist Party of New Zealand">National Socialist Party of New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Unity_Party_of_Canada" title="National Unity Party of Canada">National Unity Party of Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalist_Front_(United_States)" title="Nationalist Front (United States)">Nationalist Front (United States)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Triumph_Party" title="New Triumph Party">New Triumph Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Order_(white_supremacist_group)" title="The Order (white supremacist group)">The Order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrol_36" title="Patrol 36">Patrol 36</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SUMKA" title="SUMKA">SUMKA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditionalist_Worker_Party" title="Traditionalist Worker Party">Traditionalist Worker Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unit_88" title="Unit 88">Unit 88</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Patriots_Front" title="United Patriots Front">United Patriots Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Revolution_(hate_group)" title="White Revolution (hate group)">White Revolution</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Curtis_Allgier" title="Curtis Allgier">Curtis Allgier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bela_Ewald_Althans" title="Bela Ewald Althans">Bela Ewald Althans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaston-Armand_Amaudruz" title="Gaston-Armand Amaudruz">Gaston-Armand Amaudruz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Anglin" title="Andrew Anglin">Andrew Anglin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weev" title="Weev">Andrew Auernheimer/Weev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Barkashov" title="Alexander Barkashov">Alexander Barkashov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Beam" title="Louis Beam">Louis Beam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_John_Beattie" title="William John Beattie">William John Beattie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Binet_(neo-Fascist)" title="René Binet (neo-Fascist)">René Binet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Black_(white_supremacist)" title="Don Black (white supremacist)">Don Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerry_Bolton" title="Kerry Bolton">Kerry Bolton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvador_Borrego" title="Salvador Borrego">Salvador Borrego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anders_Behring_Breivik" title="Anders Behring Breivik">Anders Behring Breivik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_von_Brunn" class="mw-redirect" title="James von Brunn">James von Brunn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Burdi" title="George Burdi">George Burdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Butler_(white_supremacist)" title="Richard Butler (white supremacist)">Richard Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Cantwell" title="Christopher Cantwell">Christopher Cantwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willis_Carto" title="Willis Carto">Willis Carto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Casey_(white_supremacist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Patrick Casey (white supremacist)">Patrick Casey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyle_Chapman_(New_Zealand_activist)" title="Kyle Chapman (New Zealand activist)">Kyle Chapman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Craig_Cobb" title="Craig Cobb">Craig Cobb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Collett" title="Mark Collett">Mark Collett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Collin" title="Frank Collin">Frank Collin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blair_Cottrell" title="Blair Cottrell">Blair Cottrell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Covington" title="Harold Covington">Harold Covington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_assassination_plot_in_Tennessee#Histories_of_plotters" title="Barack Obama assassination plot in Tennessee">Daniel Cowart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicky_Crane" title="Nicky Crane">Nicky Crane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Cvjetanovic" title="Peter Cvjetanovic">Peter Cvjetanovic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathan_Damigo" class="mw-redirect" title="Nathan Damigo">Nathan Damigo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Degrelle" title="Léon Degrelle">Léon Degrelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savitri_Devi" title="Savitri Devi">Savitri Devi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7oise_Dior" title="Françoise Dior">Françoise Dior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_Stuart_Donaldson" title="Ian Stuart Donaldson">Ian Stuart Donaldson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Duke" title="David Duke">David Duke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poway_synagogue_shooting#Suspect" title="Poway synagogue shooting">John Timothy Earnest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Ellison_(white_supremacist)" title="James Ellison (white supremacist)">James Ellison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Enoch" title="Mike Enoch">Michael Peinovich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Erikson" title="Neil Erikson">Neil Erikson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bert_Eriksson" title="Bert Eriksson">Bert Eriksson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_Felton" title="Leo Felton">Leo Felton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Alex_Fields" class="mw-redirect" title="James Alex Fields">James Alex Fields</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haakon_Forwald" title="Haakon Forwald">Haakon Forwald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jef_Fran%C3%A7ois" title="Jef François">Jef François</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Frankhouser" title="Roy Frankhouser">Roy Frankhouser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Paul_Franklin" title="Joseph Paul Franklin">Joseph Paul Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Paul_Hasson" title="Christopher Paul Hasson">Christopher Paul Hasson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franco_Freda" title="Franco Freda">Franco Freda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Fredriksen" title="Mark Fredriksen">Mark Fredriksen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Fromm_(white_supremacist)" title="Paul Fromm (white supremacist)">Paul Fromm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baked_Alaska_(livestreamer)" title="Baked Alaska (livestreamer)">Anthime "Tim" Gionet/Baked Alaska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erich_Gliebe" title="Erich Gliebe">Erich Gliebe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joop_Glimmerveen" title="Joop Glimmerveen">Joop Glimmerveen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joshua_Ryne_Goldberg" title="Joshua Ryne Goldberg">Joshua Ryne Goldberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istv%C3%A1n_Gy%C5%91rk%C3%B6s" title="István Győrkös">István Győrkös</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_F._Hale" title="Matthew F. Hale">Matthew F. Hale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Hartman_(Nazi_collaborator)" title="Jan Hartman (Nazi collaborator)">Jan Hartman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Heimbach" title="Matthew Heimbach">Matthew Heimbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Hill_(activist)" title="Michael Hill (activist)">Michael Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heath_Hitler" title="Heath Hitler">Heath Hitler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Irving" title="David Irving">David Irving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_J._Jones" title="Arthur J. Jones">Arthur J. Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colin_Jordan" title="Colin Jordan">Colin Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wyatt_Kaldenberg" title="Wyatt Kaldenberg">Wyatt Kaldenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Kapi%C4%87" title="Virginia Kapić">Virginia Kapić</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Kasimovsky" title="Konstantin Kasimovsky">Konstantin Kasimovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jason_Kessler" title="Jason Kessler">Jason Kessler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colin_King-Ansell" title="Colin King-Ansell">Colin King-Ansell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthias_Koehl" title="Matthias Koehl">Matthias Koehl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_Kreis" title="August Kreis">August Kreis III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_K%C3%BChnen" title="Michael Kühnen">Michael Kühnen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gottfried_K%C3%BCssel" title="Gottfried Küssel">Gottfried Küssel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constant_Kusters" title="Constant Kusters">Constant Kusters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_E._Kuttner" title="Robert E. Kuttner">Robert E. Kuttner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Lane_(white_supremacist)" title="David Lane (white supremacist)">David Lane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Lauck" title="Gary Lauck">Gary Lauck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alex_Linder" title="Alex Linder">Alex Linder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Marie_Adelheid_of_Lippe" title="Princess Marie Adelheid of Lippe">Princess Marie Adelheid of Lippe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lana_Lokteff" title="Lana Lokteff">Lana Lokteff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Lowell" title="Norman Lowell">Norman Lowell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klas_Lund" title="Klas Lund">Klas Lund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_H._Madole" title="James H. Madole">James H. Madole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_de_Mahieu" title="Jacques de Mahieu">Jacques de Mahieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horst_Mahler" title="Horst Mahler">Horst Mahler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Manson" title="Charles Manson">Charles Manson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clark_Martell" title="Clark Martell">Clark Martell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxim_Martsinkevich" title="Maxim Martsinkevich">Maxim Martsinkevich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Mason_(neo-Nazi)" title="James Mason (neo-Nazi)">James Mason</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Jay_Mathews" title="Robert Jay Mathews">Robert Jay Mathews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_McLaughlin_(activist)" title="Michael McLaughlin (activist)">Michael McLaughlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Metzger" title="Tom Metzger">Tom Metzger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frazier_Glenn_Miller_Jr." title="Frazier Glenn Miller Jr.">Frazier Glenn Miller Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Davud_Monshizadeh" title="Davud Monshizadeh">Davud Monshizadeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Mudde" title="Tim Mudde">Tim Mudde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eustace_Mullins" title="Eustace Mullins">Eustace Mullins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mindaugas_Murza" title="Mindaugas Murza">Mindaugas Murza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Myatt" title="David Myatt">David Myatt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revilo_P._Oliver" title="Revilo P. Oliver">Revilo P. Oliver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wisconsin_Sikh_temple_shooting#Perpetrator" title="Wisconsin Sikh temple shooting">Wade Michael Page</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Patler" class="mw-redirect" title="John Patler">John Patler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Luther_Pierce" title="William Luther Pierce">William Luther Pierce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Atomwaffen_Division_members_in_the_United_States_who_faced_criminal_charges#Vasillios_Pistolis" title="List of Atomwaffen Division members in the United States who faced criminal charges">Vasillios Pistolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._T._Ready" title="J. T. Ready">J. T. Ready</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Ernst_Remer" title="Otto Ernst Remer">Otto Ernst Remer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Renshaw_(terrorist)" title="Jack Renshaw (terrorist)">Jack Renshaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Riccio" title="Bill Riccio">Bill Riccio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brandon_Russell" title="Brandon Russell">Brandon Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Povl_Riis-Knudsen" title="Povl Riis-Knudsen">Povl Riis-Knudsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_D._Robida" title="Jacob D. Robida">Jacob D. Robida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Lincoln_Rockwell" title="George Lincoln Rockwell">George Lincoln Rockwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manfred_Roeder" title="Manfred Roeder">Manfred Roeder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dylann_Roof" title="Dylann Roof">Dylann Roof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horst_Rosenkranz" title="Horst Rosenkranz">Horst Rosenkranz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fritz_R%C3%B6ssler" title="Fritz Rössler">Fritz Rössler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florentine_Rost_van_Tonningen" title="Florentine Rost van Tonningen">Florentine Rost van Tonningen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans-Ulrich_Rudel" title="Hans-Ulrich Rudel">Hans-Ulrich Rudel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Saleam" title="Jim Saleam">Jim Saleam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurt_Saxon" title="Kurt Saxon">Kurt Saxon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Schipper" title="Gary Schipper">Gary Schipper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_assassination_plot_in_Tennessee#Histories_of_plotters" title="Barack Obama assassination plot in Tennessee">Paul Schlesselman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Schmidt_(Waffen-SS)" title="Hans Schmidt (Waffen-SS)">Hans Schmidt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Schoep" class="mw-redirect" title="Jeff Schoep">Jeff Schoep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miguel_Serrano" title="Miguel Serrano">Miguel Serrano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Sewell_(neo-Nazi)" title="Thomas Sewell (neo-Nazi)">Thomas Sewell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Sheppard_(activist)" title="Simon Sheppard (activist)">Simon Sheppard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Skorzeny" title="Otto Skorzeny">Otto Skorzeny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michiel_Smit" title="Michiel Smit">Michiel Smit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_Independence_Day_weekend_shootings#Perpetrator" title="1999 Independence Day weekend shootings">Benjamin Nathaniel Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Strasser" title="Otto Strasser">Otto Strasser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_B._Spencer" title="Richard B. Spencer">Richard B. Spencer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Alfred_Strom" title="Kevin Alfred Strom">Kevin Alfred Strom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rocky_Suhayda" title="Rocky Suhayda">Rocky Suhayda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christchurch_mosque_shootings#Perpetrator" title="Christchurch mosque shootings">Brenton Harrison Tarrant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tila_Tequila" title="Tila Tequila">Tila Tequila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Terre%27Blanche" title="Eugène Terre'Blanche">Eugène Terre'Blanche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._Keith_Thompson" title="H. Keith Thompson">H. Keith Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_van_Tienen" title="Paul van Tienen">Paul van Tienen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Tommasi" title="Joseph Tommasi">Joseph Tommasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terry_Tremaine" title="Terry Tremaine">Terry Tremaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Tyndall_(far-right_activist)" title="John Tyndall (far-right activist)">John Tyndall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_van_Tongeren" title="Jack van Tongeren">Jack van Tongeren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russell_Veh" title="Russell Veh">Russell Veh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siegfried_Verbeke" title="Siegfried Verbeke">Siegfried Verbeke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varg_Vikernes" title="Varg Vikernes">Varg Vikernes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Webster" title="Martin Webster">Martin Webster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanye_West" title="Kanye West">Kanye West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_White_(neo-Nazi)" title="Bill White (neo-Nazi)">Bill White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Wolthuis" title="Jan Wolthuis">Jan Wolthuis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Atomwaffen_Division_members_in_the_United_States_who_faced_criminal_charges#Samuel_Woodward" title="List of Atomwaffen Division members in the United States who faced criminal charges">Samuel Woodward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Worch" title="Christian Worch">Christian Worch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Parker_Yockey" title="Francis Parker Yockey">Francis Parker Yockey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Z%C3%BCndel" title="Ernst Zündel">Ernst Zündel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Category:Neo-Nazism" title="Category:Neo-Nazism">Category</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Alt-right" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Alt-right_footer" title="Template:Alt-right footer"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Alt-right_footer" title="Template talk:Alt-right footer"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Alt-right_footer" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Alt-right footer"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Alt-right" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Alt-right" title="Alt-right">Alt-right</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.3em;">Ideas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Core</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_nationalism" title="American nationalism">American nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-communism" title="Anti-communism">Anti-communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antifeminism" title="Antifeminism">Antifeminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_immigration" title="Opposition to immigration">Anti-immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism" title="Antisemitism">Antisemitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Zionism" title="Anti-Zionism">Anti-Zionism</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Blood_and_soil" title="Blood and soil">Blood and soil</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_racism" title="Cultural racism">Cultural racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourteen_Words" title="Fourteen Words">Fourteen Words</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghost_skin" title="Ghost skin">Ghost skin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_politics_in_the_United_States" title="Gun politics in the United States">Gun rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homophobia" title="Homophobia">Homophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_natural_increase" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by natural increase">Increase in birth rates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamophobia" title="Islamophobia">Islamophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isolationism" title="Isolationism">Isolationism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quiverfull" title="Quiverfull">Large families</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nativism_(politics)" title="Nativism (politics)">Nativism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protectionism" title="Protectionism">Protectionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism" title="Racism">Racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right-wing_populism" title="Right-wing populism">Right-wing populism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_racism" title="Scientific racism">Scientific racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transphobia" title="Transphobia">Transphobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_ethnostate" title="White ethnostate">White ethnostate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_nationalism" title="White nationalism">White nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_supremacy" title="White supremacy">White supremacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xenophobia" title="Xenophobia">Xenophobia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Conspiracy <br />theories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_Marxism_conspiracy_theory" title="Cultural Marxism conspiracy theory">Cultural Marxism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurabia" class="mw-redirect" title="Eurabia">Eurabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Soros#Conspiracy_theories_and_threats" title="George Soros">George Soros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Replacement" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Replacement">Great Replacement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homosexual_agenda" class="mw-redirect" title="Homosexual agenda">Homosexual agenda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalergi_Plan" title="Kalergi Plan">Kalergi Plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Seth_Rich" title="Murder of Seth Rich">Murder of Seth Rich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_World_Order_(conspiracy_theory)" class="mw-redirect" title="New World Order (conspiracy theory)">New World Order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pizzagate_conspiracy_theory" title="Pizzagate conspiracy theory">Pizzagate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Liberty_incident" title="USS Liberty incident">USS <i>Liberty</i> incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_genocide_conspiracy_theory" title="White genocide conspiracy theory">White genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zionist_Occupation_Government_conspiracy_theory" title="Zionist Occupation Government conspiracy theory">Zionist Occupation Government</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accelerationism" title="Accelerationism">Accelerationism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alt-lite" title="Alt-lite">Alt-lite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alt-right_pipeline" title="Alt-right pipeline">Alt-right pipeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_media_(U.S._political_right)" title="Alternative media (U.S. political right)">Alternative media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boogaloo_movement" title="Boogaloo movement">Boogaloo movement</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Christian Identity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creativity_(religion)" title="Creativity (religion)">Creativity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DezNat" title="DezNat">DezNat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnofuturism" title="Ethnofuturism">Ethnofuturism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holocaust_denial" title="Holocaust denial">Holocaust denial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Identitarian_movement" title="Identitarian movement">Identitarian movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incel" title="Incel">Incel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinism" title="Kinism">Kinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manosphere" title="Manosphere">Manosphere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Men_Going_Their_Own_Way" title="Men Going Their Own Way">Men Going Their Own Way</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MAGA_communism" class="mw-redirect" title="MAGA communism">MAGA Communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_black_metal" title="National Socialist black metal">National Socialist black metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Confederate" class="mw-redirect" title="Neo-Confederate">Neo-Confederate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-fascism" title="Neo-fascism">Neo-fascism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-nationalism" title="Neo-nationalism">Neo-nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Nazism" title="Neo-Nazism">Neo-Nazism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwest_Territorial_Imperative" title="Northwest Territorial Imperative">Northwest Territorial Imperative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heathenry_(new_religious_movement)#Racial_issues" title="Heathenry (new religious movement)">Nordic racial paganism/Odalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nouvelle_Droite" title="Nouvelle Droite">Nouvelle Droite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleoconservatism" title="Paleoconservatism">Paleoconservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleolibertarianism" title="Paleolibertarianism">Paleolibertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QAnon" title="QAnon">QAnon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radical_right_(United_States)" title="Radical right (United States)">Radical right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reactionary" title="Reactionary">Reactionary</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dark_Enlightenment" title="Dark Enlightenment">Dark Enlightenment</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Position" title="Third Position">Third Position</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Lives_Matter" title="White Lives Matter">White Lives Matter</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.3em;">Online<br />culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Alt-tech" title="Alt-tech">Alt-tech</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/4chan" title="4chan">4chan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki//pol/" title="/pol/">/pol/</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8chan" title="8chan">8chan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BitChute" title="BitChute">BitChute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epik" title="Epik">Epik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gab_(social_network)" title="Gab (social network)">Gab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gettr" title="Gettr">Gettr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minds_(social_network)" title="Minds (social network)">Minds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parler" title="Parler">Parler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorgram" title="Terrorgram">Terrorgram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truth_Social" title="Truth Social">Truth Social</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voat" title="Voat">Voat</a> (defunct)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">X</a> (<a href="/wiki/Twitter_under_Elon_Musk" title="Twitter under Elon Musk">Twitter under Elon Musk</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Websites</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/American_Renaissance_(magazine)" title="American Renaissance (magazine)">American Renaissance</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Breitbart_News" title="Breitbart News">Breitbart News</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Stormer" title="The Daily Stormer">The Daily Stormer</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/InfoWars" title="InfoWars">InfoWars</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_Identity_Ministries" title="Kingdom Identity Ministries">Kingdom Identity Ministries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuruc.info" title="Kuruc.info">Kuruc.info</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metapedia" title="Metapedia">Metapedia</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Occidental_Observer" title="Occidental Observer">Occidental Observer</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Occidental_Quarterly" title="The Occidental Quarterly">The Occidental Quarterly</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rebel_News" title="Rebel News">Rebel News</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Ice" title="Red Ice">Red Ice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R/The_Donald" title="R/The Donald">Reddit (r/The_Donald)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Right_Stuff_(blog)" title="The Right Stuff (blog)">The Right Stuff</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/StoneToss" title="StoneToss">StoneToss</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stormfront_(website)" title="Stormfront (website)">Stormfront</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/TruNews" title="TruNews">TruNews</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanguard_News_Network" class="mw-redirect" title="Vanguard News Network">Vanguard News Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VDARE" title="VDARE">VDARE</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/WorldNetDaily" title="WorldNetDaily">WorldNetDaily</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Memes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Basket_of_deplorables" title="Basket of deplorables">Basket of deplorables</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Alpha_and_beta_male" title="Alpha and beta male">Beta male</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Cuckservative" title="Cuckservative">Cuckservative</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Deus_vult" title="Deus vult">Deus vult</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fashwave" class="mw-redirect" title="Fashwave">Fashwave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Happy_Merchant" title="Happy Merchant">Happy Merchant</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/It%27s_okay_to_be_white" title="It's okay to be white">It's okay to be white</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_Tonight#Moon_Man" title="Mac Tonight">Moon Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NPC_(meme)" title="NPC (meme)">NPC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OK_gesture" title="OK gesture">OK gesture</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Owning_the_libs" title="Owning the libs">Owning the libs</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pepe_the_Frog" title="Pepe the Frog">Pepe the Frog</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Red_pill_and_blue_pill" title="Red pill and blue pill">Red pill and blue pill</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_Wing_Death_Squad" title="Right Wing Death Squad">Right Wing Death Squad</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Serbia_Strong" title="Serbia Strong">Remove Kebab</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Shadilay" title="Shadilay">Shadilay</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Snowflake_(slang)" title="Snowflake (slang)">Snowflake</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Social_justice_warrior" title="Social justice warrior">Social justice warrior</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trash_Doves" title="Trash Doves">Trash Doves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triple_parentheses" title="Triple parentheses">Triple parentheses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Undercut_(hairstyle)" title="Undercut (hairstyle)">Undercut</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.3em;">Groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AltRight_Corporation" title="AltRight Corporation">AltRight Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Freedom_Party" title="American Freedom Party">American Freedom Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Communist_Action" title="Anti-Communist Action">Anti-Communist Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antipodean_Resistance" title="Antipodean Resistance">Antipodean Resistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atomwaffen_Division" title="Atomwaffen Division">Atomwaffen Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Base_(hate_group)" title="The Base (hate group)">The Base</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deplorable_Pride" title="Deplorable Pride">Deplorable Pride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diagolon" title="Diagolon">Diagolon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groypers" title="Groypers">Groypers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hundred-Handers_(group)" title="Hundred-Handers (group)">Hundred-Handers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Identity_Evropa" title="Identity Evropa">Identity Evropa</a> (defunct)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Identit%C3%A4re_Bewegung_%C3%96sterreich" title="Identitäre Bewegung Österreich">Identitarian Movement of Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lads_Society" title="Lads Society">Lads Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Identitaires" title="Les Identitaires">Les Identitaires</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Forum_(far-right_group)" title="London Forum (far-right group)">London Forum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Justice_Party_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Justice Party (United States)">National Justice Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Policy_Institute" title="National Policy Institute">National Policy Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Century_Foundation" title="New Century Foundation">New Century Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriot_Front" title="Patriot Front">Patriot Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriot_Prayer" title="Patriot Prayer">Patriot Prayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proud_Boys" title="Proud Boys">Proud Boys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rise_Above_Movement" title="Rise Above Movement">Rise Above Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditionalist_Worker_Party" title="Traditionalist Worker Party">Traditionalist Worker Party</a> (defunct)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanguard_America" title="Vanguard America">Vanguard America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Summit_Publishers" title="Washington Summit Publishers">Washington Summit Publishers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.3em;">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Incidents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2017_Berkeley_protests" title="2017 Berkeley protests">Berkeley protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comicsgate" title="Comicsgate">Comicsgate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DeploraBall" title="DeploraBall">DeploraBall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/End_Domestic_Terrorism_rally" title="End Domestic Terrorism rally">End Domestic Terrorism rally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamergate_(harassment_campaign)" title="Gamergate (harassment campaign)">Gamergate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Macron_e-mail_leaks" title="2017 Macron e-mail leaks">Macron e-mail leaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unite_the_Right_rally" title="Unite the Right rally">Unite the Right rally</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unite_the_Right_2" title="Unite the Right 2">Unite the Right 2</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Attacks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assault_of_DeAndre_Harris" title="Assault of DeAndre Harris">Assault of DeAndre Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Buffalo_shooting" title="2022 Buffalo shooting">Buffalo shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charleston_church_shooting" title="Charleston church shooting">Charleston church shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlottesville_car_attack" title="Charlottesville car attack">Charlottesville car attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christchurch_mosque_shootings" title="Christchurch mosque shootings">Christchurch mosque shootings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_El_Paso_shooting" class="mw-redirect" title="2019 El Paso shooting">El Paso shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Blaze_Bernstein" title="Murder of Blaze Bernstein">Murder of Blaze Bernstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Timothy_Caughman" title="Murder of Timothy Caughman">Murder of Timothy Caughman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh_synagogue_shooting" title="Pittsburgh synagogue shooting">Pittsburgh synagogue shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Portland_train_attack" title="2017 Portland train attack">Portland train attack</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Atomwaffen_Division_members_in_the_United_States_who_faced_criminal_charges" title="List of Atomwaffen Division members in the United States who faced criminal charges">List of Atomwaffen Division members in the United States who faced criminal charges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_activities_involving_the_Proud_Boys" title="Timeline of activities involving the Proud Boys">Timeline of activities involving the Proud Boys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_crimes_involving_the_Order_of_Nine_Angles" title="Timeline of crimes involving the Order of Nine Angles">Timeline of crimes involving the Order of Nine Angles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.3em;">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Allsup" title="James Allsup">James Allsup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Anglin" title="Andrew Anglin">Andrew Anglin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weev" title="Weev">Andrew "weev" Auernheimer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Bannon" title="Steve Bannon">Steve Bannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vox_Day" title="Vox Day">Theodore "Vox Day" Beale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Benjamin" title="Carl Benjamin">Carl "Sargon of Akkad" Benjamin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owen_Benjamin" title="Owen Benjamin">Owen Benjamin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Black_(white_supremacist)" title="Don Black (white supremacist)">Don Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Brimelow" title="Peter Brimelow">Peter Brimelow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Cantwell" title="Christopher Cantwell">Christopher Cantwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Cernovich" title="Mike Cernovich">Mike Cernovich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alain_de_Benoist" title="Alain de Benoist">Alain de Benoist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Derbyshire" title="John Derbyshire">John Derbyshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Donovan_(writer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jack Donovan (writer)">Jack Donovan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Duke" title="David Duke">David Duke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Enoch" title="Mike Enoch">Mike Enoch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guillaume_Faye" title="Guillaume Faye">Guillaume Faye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haakon_Forwald" title="Haakon Forwald">Haakon Forwald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Friberg" title="Daniel Friberg">Daniel Friberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nick_Fuentes" title="Nick Fuentes">Nick Fuentes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Gari%C3%A9py" title="Jean-François Gariépy">Jean-François Gariépy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Garrison" title="Ben Garrison">Ben Garrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustus_Sol_Invictus" title="Augustus Sol Invictus">Austin "Augustus Sol Invictus" Gillespie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baked_Alaska_(livestreamer)" title="Baked Alaska (livestreamer)">Tim "Baked Alaska" Gionet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faith_Goldy" title="Faith Goldy">Faith Goldy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Gottfried" title="Paul Gottfried">Paul Gottfried</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Paul_Hasson" title="Christopher Paul Hasson">Christopher Paul Hasson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Heimbach" title="Matthew Heimbach">Matthew Heimbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_A._Hoffman_II" title="Michael A. Hoffman II">Michael A. Hoffman II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Hyde" title="Sam Hyde">Sam Hyde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_C._Johnson" title="Charles C. Johnson">Charles C. Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greg_Johnson_(white_nationalist)" title="Greg Johnson (white nationalist)">Greg Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Daniel_Johnson" title="William Daniel Johnson">William Daniel Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alex_Jones" title="Alex Jones">Alex Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_J._Jones" title="Arthur J. Jones">Arthur J. Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jason_Jorjani" title="Jason Jorjani">Jason Jorjani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruuben_Kaalep" title="Ruuben Kaalep">Ruuben Kaalep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Kawcyznski" title="Tom Kawcyznski">Tom Kawcyznski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jason_Kessler" title="Jason Kessler">Jason Kessler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Murray_(author)" title="Douglas Murray (author)">Douglas Murray </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_King" title="Steve King">Steve King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elliott_Kline" title="Elliott Kline">Elliott Kline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nick_Land" title="Nick Land">Nick Land</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alex_Linder" title="Alex Linder">Alex Linder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lana_Lokteff" title="Lana Lokteff">Lana Lokteff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laura_Loomer" title="Laura Loomer">Laura Loomer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Lowell" title="Norman Lowell">Norman Lowell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_MacDonald_(evolutionary_psychologist)" title="Kevin MacDonald (evolutionary psychologist)">Kevin MacDonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_MacKenzie_(activist)" title="Jeremy MacKenzie (activist)">Jeremy MacKenzie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Mason_(neo-Nazi)" title="James Mason (neo-Nazi)">James Mason</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_McNallen" title="Stephen McNallen">Stephen McNallen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merlin_Miller" title="Merlin Miller">Merlin Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Miller_(political_advisor)" title="Stephen Miller (political advisor)">Stephen Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stefan_Molyneux" title="Stefan Molyneux">Stefan Molyneux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Nehlen" title="Paul Nehlen">Paul Nehlen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GypsyCrusader" title="GypsyCrusader">Paul "GypsyCrusader" Nicholas Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethan_Nordean" title="Ethan Nordean">Ethan Nordean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Posobiec" title="Jack Posobiec">Jack Posobiec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age_Pervert" title="Bronze Age Pervert">Bronze Age Pervert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Ray_Ramsey" title="Paul Ray Ramsey">Paul Ray Ramsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Regnery_II" title="William Regnery II">William Regnery II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Renshaw_(terrorist)" title="Jack Renshaw (terrorist)">Jack Renshaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millennial_Woes" title="Millennial Woes">Colin "Millennial Woes" Robertson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Sailer" title="Steve Sailer">Steve Sailer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Sellner" title="Martin Sellner">Martin Sellner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Sewell_(neo-Nazi)" title="Thomas Sewell (neo-Nazi)">Thomas Sewell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lauren_Southern" title="Lauren Southern">Lauren Southern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_B._Spencer" title="Richard B. Spencer">Richard B. Spencer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brett_Stevens" title="Brett Stevens">Brett Stevens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jared_Taylor" title="Jared Taylor">Jared Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tila_Tequila" title="Tila Tequila">Tila Tequila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roosh_V" title="Roosh V">Daryush "Roosh V" Valizadeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varg_Vikernes" title="Varg Vikernes">Varg Vikernes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Joseph_Watson" title="Paul Joseph Watson">Paul Joseph Watson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucian_Wintrich" title="Lucian Wintrich">Lucian Wintrich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtis_Yarvin" title="Curtis Yarvin">Curtis Yarvin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milo_Yiannopoulos" title="Milo Yiannopoulos">Milo Yiannopoulos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_alt-right" title="Responses to the alt-right">Opposition<br />and<br />criticism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antifa_(United_States)" title="Antifa (United States)">Antifa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Destiny_(streamer)" title="Destiny (streamer)">Steven "Destiny" Bonnell II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaush" title="Vaush">Ian "Vaush" Kochinski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hbomberguy" title="Hbomberguy">Harry "Hbomberguy" Brewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Innuendo_Studios" title="Innuendo Studios">Ian "Innuendo Studios" Danskin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Evans_(journalist)" title="Robert Evans (journalist)">Robert Evans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emily_Gorcenski" title="Emily Gorcenski">Emily Gorcenski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daryle_Lamont_Jenkins" title="Daryle Lamont Jenkins">Daryle Lamont Jenkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Nagle" title="Angela Nagle">Angela Nagle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Neiwert" title="David Neiwert">David Neiwert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaun_(YouTuber)" title="Shaun (YouTuber)">Shaun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy_Tube" class="mw-redirect" title="Philosophy Tube">Abigail "Philosophy Tube" Thorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ContraPoints" title="ContraPoints">Natalie "ContraPoints" Wynn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donna_Zuckerberg" title="Donna Zuckerberg">Donna Zuckerberg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Alt-America:_The_Rise_of_the_Radical_Right_in_the_Age_of_Trump" class="mw-redirect" title="Alt-America: The Rise of the Radical Right in the Age of Trump">Alt-America</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Culture_Warlords" title="Culture Warlords">Culture Warlords</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Devil%27s_Bargain" title="Devil's Bargain">Devil's Bargain</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Feels_Good_Man" title="Feels Good Man">Feels Good Man</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/I_Don%27t_Speak_German" title="I Don't Speak German">I Don't Speak German</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/It_Came_From_Something_Awful" class="mw-redirect" title="It Came From Something Awful">It Came From Something Awful</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kill_All_Normies" title="Kill All Normies">Kill All Normies</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Knowledge_Fight" title="Knowledge Fight">Knowledge Fight</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/White_Right:_Meeting_the_Enemy" title="White Right: Meeting the Enemy">White Right: Meeting the Enemy</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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