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id="mw-content-subtitle"></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151960987">body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox table{display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox caption{display:table-caption}</style><p>The <b>voiced retroflex sibilant fricative</b> is a type of <a href="/wiki/Consonant" title="Consonant">consonantal</a> sound, used in some <a href="/wiki/Speech_communication" class="mw-redirect" title="Speech communication">spoken</a> <a href="/wiki/Language" title="Language">languages</a>. The symbol in the <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">International Phonetic Alphabet</a> that represents this sound is ⟨<span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa">ʐ</span>⟩, and the equivalent <a href="/wiki/X-SAMPA" title="X-SAMPA">X-SAMPA</a> symbol is <code>z`</code>. Like all the <a href="/wiki/Retroflex_consonant" title="Retroflex consonant">retroflex consonants</a>, the IPA symbol is formed by adding a rightward-pointing hook extending from the bottom of a <i>z</i> (the letter used for the corresponding <a href="/wiki/Alveolar_consonant" title="Alveolar consonant">alveolar consonant</a>). </p><table class="infobox" style="width: 16em;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background: #f2f2ce;">Voiced retroflex fricative</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ffffe6;"><span style="font-size: 5em; line-height: 1.2em; vertical-align: super; font-weight: normal;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ʐ</span></span></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/IPA_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="IPA Number">IPA Number</a></th><td class="infobox-data">137</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ffffe6;">Audio sample</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data center"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="150" style="width:150px;" data-durationhint="3" data-mwtitle="Voiced_retroflex_sibilant.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7f/Voiced_retroflex_sibilant.ogg/Voiced_retroflex_sibilant.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0"></source><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7f/Voiced_retroflex_sibilant.ogg" type='audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"' data-width="0" data-height="0"></source></audio></span></span> <div><small><a href="/wiki/File:Voiced_retroflex_sibilant.ogg" title="File:Voiced retroflex sibilant.ogg">source</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Media_help" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Media help">help</a></small></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ffffe6;">Encoding</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Entity <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">(decimal)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><code>&#656;</code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Unicode <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">(hex)</span></th><td class="infobox-data">U+0290</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/X-SAMPA" title="X-SAMPA">X-SAMPA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><code>z`</code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/IPA_Braille" title="IPA Braille">Braille</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_Period.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠲ (braille pattern dots-256) U+2832"><img alt="⠲ (braille pattern dots-256)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Braille_Period.svg/25px-Braille_Period.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Braille_Period.svg/38px-Braille_Period.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Braille_Period.svg/50px-Braille_Period.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215"></a></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_Z.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠵ (braille pattern dots-1356) U+2835"><img alt="⠵ (braille pattern dots-1356)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Braille_Z.svg/25px-Braille_Z.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Braille_Z.svg/38px-Braille_Z.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Braille_Z.svg/50px-Braille_Z.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215"></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="width:100%; margin:0; border:0; background: transparent;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="background:#FFFFE6; border:0;">Image </th></tr> <tr> <td class="center" style="background: transparent; border:0;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x0290.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/IPA_Unicode_0x0290.svg/150px-IPA_Unicode_0x0290.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/IPA_Unicode_0x0290.svg/225px-IPA_Unicode_0x0290.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/IPA_Unicode_0x0290.svg/300px-IPA_Unicode_0x0290.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16"></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Features"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Features</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Occurrence"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Occurrence</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Voiced_retroflex_non-sibilant_fricative"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Voiced retroflex non-sibilant fricative</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Features_2"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Features</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Occurrence_2"><span class="tocnumber">3.2</span> <span class="toctext">Occurrence</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#Notes"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Notes</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Features">Features</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Voiced_retroflex_fricative&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Features" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Voiced_retroflex_fricative_articulation.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Voiced_retroflex_fricative_articulation.svg/220px-Voiced_retroflex_fricative_articulation.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="233" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="378" data-file-height="400"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 233px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Voiced_retroflex_fricative_articulation.svg/220px-Voiced_retroflex_fricative_articulation.svg.png" data-width="220" data-height="233" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Voiced_retroflex_fricative_articulation.svg/330px-Voiced_retroflex_fricative_articulation.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Voiced_retroflex_fricative_articulation.svg/440px-Voiced_retroflex_fricative_articulation.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>Schematic mid-sagittal section</figcaption></figure> <p>Features of the voiced retroflex sibilant: </p> <ul><li>Its <a href="/wiki/Manner_of_articulation" title="Manner of articulation">manner of articulation</a> is <a href="/wiki/Sibilant" title="Sibilant">sibilant</a> <a href="/wiki/Fricative" title="Fricative">fricative</a>, which means it is generally produced by channeling air flow along a <a href="/wiki/Sulcalization" title="Sulcalization">groove</a> in the back of the tongue up to the place of articulation, at which point it is focused against the sharp edge of the nearly clenched teeth, causing high-frequency <a href="/wiki/Turbulence" title="Turbulence">turbulence</a>.</li> <li>Its <a href="/wiki/Place_of_articulation" title="Place of articulation">place of articulation</a> is <a href="/wiki/Retroflex_consonant" title="Retroflex consonant">retroflex</a>, which prototypically means it is articulated <a href="/wiki/Subapical_consonant" title="Subapical consonant">subapical</a> (with the tip of the tongue curled up), but more generally, it means that it is <a href="/wiki/Postalveolar_consonant" title="Postalveolar consonant">postalveolar</a> without being <a href="/wiki/Palatalization_(phonetics)" title="Palatalization (phonetics)">palatalized</a>. That is, besides the prototypical subapical articulation, the tongue can be <a href="/wiki/Apical_consonant" title="Apical consonant">apical</a> (pointed) or, in some fricatives, <a href="/wiki/Laminal_consonant" title="Laminal consonant">laminal</a> (flat).</li> <li>Its <a href="/wiki/Phonation" title="Phonation">phonation</a> is voiced, which means the vocal cords vibrate during the articulation.</li> <li>It is an <a href="/wiki/Oral_consonant" title="Oral consonant">oral consonant</a>, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth only.</li> <li>It is a <a href="/wiki/Central_consonant" title="Central consonant">central consonant</a>, which means it is produced by directing the airstream along the center of the tongue, rather than to the sides.</li> <li>Its <a href="/wiki/Airstream_mechanism" title="Airstream mechanism">airstream mechanism</a> is <a href="/wiki/Pulmonic_egressive" class="mw-redirect" title="Pulmonic egressive">pulmonic</a>, which means it is articulated by pushing air solely with the <a href="/wiki/Intercostal_muscle" class="mw-redirect" title="Intercostal muscle">intercostal muscles</a> and <a href="/wiki/Abdominal_muscles" title="Abdominal muscles">abdominal muscles</a>, as in most sounds.</li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Occurrence">Occurrence</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Voiced_retroflex_fricative&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Occurrence" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <p>In the following transcriptions, diacritics may be used to distinguish between <a href="/wiki/Apical_consonant" title="Apical consonant">apical</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ʐ̺]</span> and <a href="/wiki/Laminal_consonant" title="Laminal consonant">laminal</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ʐ̻]</span>. </p><p>The commonality of <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ʐ]</span> cross-linguistically is 2% in a phonological analysis of 2155 languages.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Language</th> <th>Word</th> <th><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a></th> <th>Meaning</th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Abkhaz_language" title="Abkhaz language">Abkhaz</a></td> <td><span title="Abkhaz-language text"><span lang="ab"><a href="/wiki/Abkhaz_alphabet" title="Abkhaz alphabet">аб<b>ж</b>а/abža</a></span></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ˈabʐa]</span></td> <td>'half'</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Abkhaz_phonology" title="Abkhaz phonology">Abkhaz phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Adyghe_language" title="Adyghe language">Adyghe</a></td> <td><span title="Kabardian-language text"><span lang="kbd-Cyrl"><a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_script" title="Cyrillic script"><b>жъ</b>ы</a></span></span> / <span title="Kabardian-language text"><i lang="kbd-Latn"><b>j</b>ı</i></span> / <span title="Kabardian-language text"><span lang="kbd-Arab" dir="rtl"><b>ظ</b>ہـ</span></span></td> <td><span class="nounderlines nowrap"><span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui='{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/5\/55\/Zheaaa2.ogg\/Zheaaa2.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"<span class=\"IPA nowrap\" lang=\"und-Latn-fonipa\" title=\"Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)\">[\u0290\u033b\u0259]<\/span>"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Zheaaa2.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}'><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/55/Zheaaa2.ogg/Zheaaa2.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ʐ̻ə]</span></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Zheaaa2.ogg" title="File:Zheaaa2.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span></span></td> <td>'old'</td> <td>Laminal. </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Awet%C3%AF_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Awetï language">Awetí</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDrude2020190_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDrude2020190-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td colspan="2" align="center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[pɨtiˈʐɨk˺]</span> </td> <td>'to pray' </td> <td>Diachronically related to <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_dental_and_alveolar_taps_and_flaps" title="Voiced dental and alveolar taps and flaps">ɾ</a>]</span> and also to some other alveolar sounds in certain occasions. As word lists created in the 1900s appoint for <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_dental_and_alveolar_taps_and_flaps" title="Voiced dental and alveolar taps and flaps">ɾ</a>]</span> where there is <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ʐ]</span> now, the latter sound is supposed to be the result of a very recent sound change that is analogically happening in <a href="/wiki/Waur%C3%A1_language" title="Waurá language">Waurá</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDrude2020190_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDrude2020190-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Changshu" title="Changshu">Changshu</a> dialect</td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">常熟</span></span></td> <td>/dʐan ʐɔʔ/ <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[tʂʱä̃233<span class="wrap"> </span>ʐɔʔ23]</span> (without <a href="/wiki/Tone_sandhi" title="Tone sandhi">tone sandhi</a>)</td> <td>'Changshu'</td> <td>Pronounced [ʂʱ] when occurring at the first syllable. A native Wu Chinese speaker may reduce it a sound closer to a <a href="/wiki/Retroflex_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Retroflex approximant">retroflex approximant</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɻ]</span> (similar to the Standard Mandarin <i>r</i>) when trying to force a unnatural voiced pronunciation on the first syllable. </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Faroese_language" title="Faroese language">Faroese</a></td> <td><span title="Faroese-language text"><i lang="fo"><b>r</b>enn</i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ʐɛn]</span></td> <td>'run'</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Lower_Sorbian_language" title="Lower Sorbian language">Lower Sorbian</a><sup id="cite_ref-sewc_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sewc-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><span title="Lower Sorbian-language text"><i lang="dsb">Łu<b>ž</b>yca</i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ˈwuʐɨt͡sa]</span></td> <td>'<a href="/wiki/Lusatia" title="Lusatia">Lusatia</a>'</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Mapuche_language" title="Mapuche language">Mapudungun</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESadowskyPainequeoSalamancaAvelino201390_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESadowskyPainequeoSalamancaAvelino201390-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><span title="Mapudungun-language text"><i lang="arn"><a href="/wiki/Mapudungun_alphabet" title="Mapudungun alphabet"><b>r</b>ayen</a></i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ʐɜˈjën]</span></td> <td>'flower'</td> <td>May be <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_approximant" title="Voiced retroflex approximant">ɻ</a>]</span> or <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_lateral_approximant" title="Voiced retroflex lateral approximant">ɭ</a>]</span> instead.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESadowskyPainequeoSalamancaAvelino201390_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESadowskyPainequeoSalamancaAvelino201390-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Marrithiyel_language" title="Marrithiyel language">Marrithiyel</a></td> <td>Marri Tjevin dialect</td> <td colspan="2" align="center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[wiˈɲaʐu]</span></td> <td>'they are laughing'</td> <td>Voicing is non-contrastive. </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Mehin%C3%A1ku_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Mehináku language">Mehináku</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFelipe202087–89_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFelipe202087%E2%80%9389-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td colspan="2" align="center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɨˈʐũte]</span></td> <td>'parrot'</td> <td>Resulted from the <a href="/wiki/Voicing_(phonetics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Voicing (phonetics)">voicing</a> of <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ʂ/</span> in between vowels.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFelipe202087–89_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFelipe202087%E2%80%9389-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pashto_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Pashto language">Pashto</a></td> <td>Southern dialect</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pashto_alphabet" title="Pashto alphabet"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1227789315">'"`UNIQ--templatestyles-00000012-QINU`"'</style><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">تږى/tâjai</span>‎</a></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ˈtəʐai]</span></td> <td>'thirsty'</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Pashto_phonology" title="Pashto phonology">Pashto phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a></td> <td>Standard<sup id="cite_ref-Hamann_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hamann-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><span title="Polish-language text"><i lang="pl"><a href="/wiki/Polish_orthography" title="Polish orthography"><b>ż</b>ona</a></i></span></td> <td><span class="nounderlines nowrap"><span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-2" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui='{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/4\/41\/Pl-%C5%BCona-2.ogg\/Pl-%C5%BCona-2.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"<span class=\"IPA nowrap\" lang=\"und-Latn-fonipa\" title=\"Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)\">[\u02c8\u0290\u033b\u0254n\u032a\u00e4]<\/span>"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Pl-\u017cona-2.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}'><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/41/Pl-%C5%BCona-2.ogg/Pl-%C5%BCona-2.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ˈʐ̻ɔn̪ä]</span></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Pl-%C5%BCona-2.ogg" title="File:Pl-żona-2.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span></span></td> <td>'wife'</td> <td>Also represented orthographically by <span class="nowrap">⟨rz⟩</span> and, when written so, may be instead pronounced as the <a href="/wiki/Raised_alveolar_non-sonorant_trill" class="mw-redirect" title="Raised alveolar non-sonorant trill">raised alveolar non-sonorant trill</a> by few speakers.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is transcribed as <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ʒ/</span> by most Polish scholars. See <a href="/wiki/Polish_phonology" title="Polish phonology">Polish phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dialects_of_Polish" title="Dialects of Polish">Southeastern Cuyavian dialects</a><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td rowspan="2"><span title="Polish-language text"><i lang="pl"><a href="/wiki/Polish_orthography" title="Polish orthography"><b>z</b>apłacił</a></i></span></td> <td rowspan="2"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ʐäˈpwät͡ɕiw]</span></td> <td rowspan="2">'he paid'</td> <td rowspan="2">Some speakers. It is a result of hypercorrecting the more popular merger of <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ʐ/</span> and <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/z/</span> into <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_dental_sibilant_fricative" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced dental sibilant fricative">z</a>]</span> (see <a href="/wiki/Szadzenie" title="Szadzenie">Szadzenie</a>). </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Masovian_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Masovian dialect">Suwałki dialect</a><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Romagnol" title="Romagnol">Romagnol</a></td> <td><span title="Romagnol-language text"><i lang="rgn">di<b>ṣ</b></i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ˈdiːʐ]</span> </td> <td>'ten'</td> <td>Apical; may be <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_apico-alveolar_fricative" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced apico-alveolar fricative">z̺ʲ</a>]</span> or <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_postalveolar_fricative" title="Voiced postalveolar fricative">ʒ</a>]</span> instead. </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a><sup id="cite_ref-Hamann_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hamann-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru"><a href="/wiki/Russian_orthography" title="Russian orthography"><b>ж</b>ена/žena</a></span></span></td> <td><span class="nounderlines nowrap"><span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-3" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui='{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/e\/e1\/Ru-%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0.ogg\/Ru-%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"<span class=\"IPA nowrap\" lang=\"und-Latn-fonipa\" title=\"Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)\">[\u0290\u0268\u031e\u02c8na]<\/span>"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Ru-\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0430.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}'><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e1/Ru-%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0.ogg/Ru-%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ʐɨ̞ˈna]</span></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Ru-%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0.ogg" title="File:Ru-жена.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span></span></td> <td>'wife'</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Russian_phonology" title="Russian phonology">Russian phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Serbo-Croatian" title="Serbo-Croatian">Serbo-Croatian</a></td> <td><span title="Serbo-Croatian-language text"><span lang="sh-Cyrl"><a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_script" title="Cyrillic script"><b>ж</b>ут</a></span></span> / <span title="Serbo-Croatian-language text"><i lang="sh-Latn"><b>ž</b>ut</i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ʐûːt̪]</span></td> <td>'yellow'</td> <td>Typically transcribed as /ʒ/. See <a href="/wiki/Serbo-Croatian_phonology" title="Serbo-Croatian phonology">Serbo-Croatian phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Shina_language" title="Shina language">Shina</a> </td> <td>Gilgiti<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td rowspan="2"><span title="Shina-language text"><span lang="scl" dir="rtl"><b>ڙَ</b>کُݨ</span></span> / <b>ẓ</b>akuṇ </td> <td rowspan="2"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ʐəkuɳ]</span> </td> <td rowspan="2">'donkey' </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kohistani_Shina" title="Kohistani Shina">Kohistani</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Slovak_language" title="Slovak language">Slovak</a><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><span title="Slovak-language text"><i lang="sk"><a href="/wiki/Slovak_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Slovak alphabet"><b>ž</b>aba</a></i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ˈʐäbä]</span></td> <td>'frog'</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Andean_Spanish" title="Andean Spanish">Andean</a> </td> <td>hace<b>r</b> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[a'seʐ]</span> </td> <td>'do' </td> <td>The phoneme [r] changes to [ʐ], when it is at the end of a syllable </td></tr> <tr> <td>ma<b>rr</b>ón, <b>r</b>atón</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[maˈʐon]</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ʐa'ton]</span></td> <td>'brown', 'mouse'</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Spanish_phonology" title="Spanish phonology">Spanish phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Swedish_language" title="Swedish language">Swedish</a></td> <td>Central dialects</td> <td><span title="Swedish-language text"><i lang="sv"><a href="/wiki/Swedish_alphabet" title="Swedish alphabet">f<b>r</b>i</a></i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[fʐi]</span></td> <td>'free'</td> <td>Allophone of /ɹ/. Also may be pronounced as [r] or [ɾ]. See <a href="/wiki/Swedish_phonology" title="Swedish phonology">Swedish phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Tilquiapan_Zapotec" title="Tilquiapan Zapotec">Tilquiapan Zapotec</a><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>?</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ʐan]</span></td> <td>'bottom'</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Torwali_language" title="Torwali language">Torwali</a><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arabic_alphabet" title="Arabic alphabet">ݜوڙ</a></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ʂuʐ]</span></td> <td>'straight'</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Ubykh_language" title="Ubykh language">Ubykh</a></td> <td colspan="2" align="center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ʐa]</span></td> <td>'firewood'</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Ubykh_phonology" title="Ubykh phonology">Ubykh phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_language" title="Ukrainian language">Ukrainian</a></td> <td><span title="Ukrainian-language text"><span lang="uk"><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_alphabet" title="Ukrainian alphabet"><b>ж</b>aбa/žaba</a></span></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ˈʐɑbɐ]</span></td> <td>'frog'</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_phonology" title="Ukrainian phonology">Ukrainian phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Upper_Sorbian_language" title="Upper Sorbian language">Upper Sorbian</a></td> <td>Some dialects<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:AUDIENCE" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:AUDIENCE"><span title="An editor has requested that an example be provided. (June 2015)">example needed</span></a></i>]</sup></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>Used in dialects spoken in villages north of Hoyerswerda; corresponds to <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_postalveolar_fricative" title="Voiced postalveolar fricative">ʒ</a>]</span> in the standard language.<sup id="cite_ref-sewc_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sewc-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Yi_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Yi language">Yi</a></td> <td><span title="Yi-language text"><span lang="ii"><a href="/wiki/Yi_script" title="Yi script">ꏜ</a></span></span> <span title="Yi-language text"><i lang="ii-Latn"><b>r</b>y</i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ʐʐ̩˧]</span></td> <td>'grass'</td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Voiced_retroflex_non-sibilant_fricative">Voiced retroflex non-sibilant fricative</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Voiced_retroflex_fricative&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Voiced retroflex non-sibilant fricative" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151960987"><table class="infobox" style="width: 16em;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background: #f2f2ce;">Voiced retroflex non-sibilant fricative</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ffffe6;"><span style="font-size: 5em; line-height: 1.2em; vertical-align: super; font-weight: normal;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɻ̝</span></span></th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ffffe6;"><span style="font-size: 5em; line-height: 1.2em; vertical-align: super; font-weight: normal;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɻ˔</span></span></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/IPA_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="IPA Number">IPA Number</a></th><td class="infobox-data">152 429</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ffffe6;">Encoding</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/X-SAMPA" title="X-SAMPA">X-SAMPA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><code>r\`_r</code></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Features_2">Features</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Voiced_retroflex_fricative&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Features" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Features of the voiced retroflex non-sibilant fricative: </p> <ul><li>Its <a href="/wiki/Manner_of_articulation" title="Manner of articulation">manner of articulation</a> is <a href="/wiki/Fricative" title="Fricative">fricative</a>, which means it is produced by constricting air flow through a narrow channel at the place of articulation, causing <a href="/wiki/Turbulence" title="Turbulence">turbulence</a>.</li> <li>Its <a href="/wiki/Place_of_articulation" title="Place of articulation">place of articulation</a> is <a href="/wiki/Retroflex_consonant" title="Retroflex consonant">retroflex</a>, which prototypically means it is articulated <a href="/wiki/Subapical_consonant" title="Subapical consonant">subapical</a> (with the tip of the tongue curled up), but more generally, it means that it is <a href="/wiki/Postalveolar_consonant" title="Postalveolar consonant">postalveolar</a> without being <a href="/wiki/Palatalization_(phonetics)" title="Palatalization (phonetics)">palatalized</a>. That is, besides the prototypical subapical articulation, the tongue can be <a href="/wiki/Apical_consonant" title="Apical consonant">apical</a> (pointed) or, in some fricatives, <a href="/wiki/Laminal_consonant" title="Laminal consonant">laminal</a> (flat).</li> <li>Its <a href="/wiki/Phonation" title="Phonation">phonation</a> is voiced, which means the vocal cords vibrate during the articulation.</li> <li>It is an <a href="/wiki/Oral_consonant" title="Oral consonant">oral consonant</a>, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth only.</li> <li>It is a <a href="/wiki/Central_consonant" title="Central consonant">central consonant</a>, which means it is produced by directing the airstream along the center of the tongue, rather than to the sides.</li> <li>Its <a href="/wiki/Airstream_mechanism" title="Airstream mechanism">airstream mechanism</a> is <a href="/wiki/Pulmonic_egressive" class="mw-redirect" title="Pulmonic egressive">pulmonic</a>, which means it is articulated by pushing air solely with the <a href="/wiki/Intercostal_muscle" class="mw-redirect" title="Intercostal muscle">intercostal muscles</a> and <a href="/wiki/Abdominal_muscles" title="Abdominal muscles">abdominal muscles</a>, as in most sounds.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Occurrence_2">Occurrence</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Voiced_retroflex_fricative&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Occurrence" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Language</th> <th>Word</th> <th><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a></th> <th>Meaning</th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/South_African_English" title="South African English">Eastern Cape</a><sup id="cite_ref-sowl165_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sowl165-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/English_orthography" title="English orthography"><b>r</b>ed</a></i></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɻ˔ed]</span></td> <td>'red'</td> <td>Apical; typical realization of <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/r/</span> in that region.<sup id="cite_ref-sowl165_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sowl165-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> See <a href="/wiki/South_African_English_phonology" class="mw-redirect" title="South African English phonology">South African English phonology</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Voiced_retroflex_fricative&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_phonetics_articles" title="Index of phonetics articles">Index of phonetics articles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voiced_postalveolar_fricative" title="Voiced postalveolar fricative">Voiced postalveolar fricative</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Voiced_retroflex_fricative&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Notes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Phoible.org. (2018). PHOIBLE Online – Segments. [online] Available at: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://phoible.org/parameters">http://phoible.org/parameters</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDrude2020190-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDrude2020190_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDrude2020190_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDrude2020">Drude (2020)</a>, p. 190.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sewc-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sewc_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sewc_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREF%C5%A0ewc-Schuster1984">Šewc-Schuster (1984</a>:40–41)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFZygis2003">Zygis (2003</a>:180–181, 190–191)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESadowskyPainequeoSalamancaAvelino201390-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESadowskyPainequeoSalamancaAvelino201390_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESadowskyPainequeoSalamancaAvelino201390_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSadowskyPainequeoSalamancaAvelino2013">Sadowsky et al. 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ZAS+Papers+in+Linguistics&rft.atitle=Phonetic+and+Phonological+Aspects+of+Slavic+Sibilant+Fricatives&rft.volume=3&rft.pages=175-213&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.21248%2Fzaspil.32.2003.191&rft.aulast=Zygis&rft.aufirst=Marzena&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoiced+retroflex+fricative" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDrude2020" class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Drude, Sebastian (2020), "A Fonologia do Awetí", <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Revista_Brasileira_de_L%C3%ADnguas_Ind%C3%ADgenas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Revista Brasileira de Línguas Indígenas (page does not exist)">Revista Brasileira de Línguas Indígenas</a></i> (in Brazilian Portuguese), <b>3</b> (2): 190, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.18468%2Frbli.2020v3n2.p183-205">10.18468/rbli.2020v3n2.p183-205</a>, <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:234223262">234223262</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Revista+Brasileira+de+L%C3%ADnguas+Ind%C3%ADgenas&rft.atitle=A+Fonologia+do+Awet%C3%AD&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=190&rft.date=2020&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.18468%2Frbli.2020v3n2.p183-205&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A234223262%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Drude&rft.aufirst=Sebastian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoiced+retroflex+fricative" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFelipe2020" class="citation cs2">Felipe, Paulo Henrique Pereira Silva de (2020), <i>Fonologia e morfossintaxe da língua mehináku (arawak)</i> (Thesis), pp. 87–89, <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12733%2F1640175">20.500.12733/1640175</a></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fonologia+e+morfossintaxe+da+l%C3%ADngua+mehin%C3%A1ku+%28arawak%29&rft.pages=87-89&rft.date=2020&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F20.500.12733%2F1640175&rft.aulast=Felipe&rft.aufirst=Paulo+Henrique+Pereira+Silva+de&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoiced+retroflex+fricative" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Voiced_retroflex_fricative&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://phoible.org/parameters?sSearch_0=%CA%90">List of languages with <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ʐ]</span></a> on <a href="/wiki/PHOIBLE" title="PHOIBLE">PHOIBLE</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235389435">.mw-parser-output .IPA-common-captioned{border:1px solid 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class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"> <a class="last-modified-bar" href="/w/index.php?title=Voiced_retroflex_fricative&action=history"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-medium minerva-icon--modified-history"></span> <span class="last-modified-bar__text modified-enhancement" data-user-name="Jonesey95" data-user-gender="unknown" data-timestamp="1727370676"> <span>Last edited on 26 September 2024, at 17:11</span> </span> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-small minerva-icon--expand"></span> </div> </a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id='mw-data-after-content'> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stimmhafter_retroflexer_Frikativ" title="Stimmhafter retroflexer Frikativ – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Stimmhafter retroflexer Frikativ" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%98%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B7_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF_%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF" title="ঘোষ মূর্ধন্য উষ্মধ্বনি – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ঘোষ মূর্ধন্য উষ্মধ্বনি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cho%CC%8Dk_ko%C3%A0n-chi%CC%8Dh_chhat-im" title="Cho̍k koàn-chi̍h chhat-im – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Cho̍k koàn-chi̍h chhat-im" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B2%D1%83%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%8A%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Звучна ретрофлексна проходна съгласна – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Звучна ретрофлексна проходна съгласна" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruzenn_gilbleg_mouezhiet" title="Ruzenn gilbleg mouezhiet – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Ruzenn gilbleg mouezhiet" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zn%C4%9Bl%C3%A1_retroflexn%C3%AD_frikativa" title="Znělá retroflexní frikativa – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Znělá retroflexní frikativa" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stimmhafter_retroflexer_Frikativ" title="Stimmhafter retroflexer Frikativ – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Stimmhafter retroflexer Frikativ" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fricativa_retrofleja_sonora" title="Fricativa retrofleja sonora – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Fricativa retrofleja sonora" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B4%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D8%B1%DA%AF%D8%B4%D8%AA%D9%87_%D9%88%D8%A7%DA%A9%E2%80%8C%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="سایشی برگشته واک‌دار – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سایشی برگشته واک‌دار" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consonne_fricative_r%C3%A9troflexe_vois%C3%A9e" title="Consonne fricative rétroflexe voisée – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Consonne fricative rétroflexe voisée" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9C%A0%EC%84%B1_%EA%B6%8C%EC%84%A4_%EB%A7%88%EC%B0%B0%EC%9D%8C" title="유성 권설 마찰음 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="유성 권설 마찰음" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konsonan_geser_tarik-belakang_bersuara" title="Konsonan geser tarik-belakang bersuara – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Konsonan geser tarik-belakang bersuara" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fricativa_retroflessa_sonora" title="Fricativa retroflessa sonora – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Fricativa retroflessa sonora" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%A8_%D7%9B%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A3,_%D7%97%D7%95%D7%9B%D7%9A_%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A7,_%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%99" title="עיצור כפוף, חוכך שורק, קולי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="עיצור כפוף, חוכך שורק, קולי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stumh%C3%B6bbendje_retroflexe_sibilant" title="Stumhöbbendje retroflexe sibilant – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Stumhöbbendje retroflexe sibilant" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retroflex,_z%C3%B6ng%C3%A9s_r%C3%A9shang" title="Retroflex, zöngés réshang – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Retroflex, zöngés réshang" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geseran_gelungan_bersuara" title="Geseran gelungan bersuara – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Geseran gelungan bersuara" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stemhebbende_retroflexe_fricatief" title="Stemhebbende retroflexe fricatief – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Stemhebbende retroflexe fricatief" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E5%A3%B0%E3%81%9D%E3%82%8A%E8%88%8C%E6%91%A9%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3" title="有声そり舌摩擦音 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="有声そり舌摩擦音" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sp%C3%B3%C5%82g%C5%82oska_szczelinowa_z_retrofleksj%C4%85_d%C5%BAwi%C4%99czna" title="Spółgłoska szczelinowa z retrofleksją dźwięczna – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Spółgłoska szczelinowa z retrofleksją dźwięczna" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fricativa_sibilante_retroflexa_sonora" title="Fricativa sibilante retroflexa sonora – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Fricativa sibilante retroflexa sonora" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consoan%C4%83_fricativ%C4%83_retroflex%C4%83_sonor%C4%83" title="Consoană fricativă retroflexă sonoră – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Consoană fricativă retroflexă sonoră" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Звонкий ретрофлексный сибилянт – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Звонкий ретрофлексный сибилянт" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_fricative" title="Voiced retroflex fricative – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Voiced retroflex fricative" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B2%D1%83%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2" title="Звучни ретрофлексни фрикатив – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Звучни ретрофлексни фрикатив" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonande_retroflex_frikativa" title="Tonande retroflex frikativa – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Tonande retroflex frikativa" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96t%C3%BCml%C3%BC_%C3%BCstdamaks%C4%B1l_s%C3%BCrt%C3%BCnmeli_%C3%BCns%C3%BCz" title="Ötümlü üstdamaksıl sürtünmeli ünsüz – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Ötümlü üstdamaksıl sürtünmeli ünsüz" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B7%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Дзвінкий ретрофлексний фрикативний – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Дзвінкий ретрофлексний фрикативний" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fregadiva_retroflesa_sonora" title="Fregadiva retroflesa sonora – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Fregadiva retroflesa sonora" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B5%8A%E5%8D%B7%E8%88%8C%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3" title="浊卷舌擦音 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="浊卷舌擦音" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 26 September 2024, at 17:11<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Content is available under <a 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<script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-g2ggh","wgBackendResponseTime":189,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.440","walltime":"1.820","ppvisitednodes":{"value":12933,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":432655,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":48433,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":31,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":7,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":64478,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1405.558 1 -total"," 41.28% 580.252 1 Template:IPA_navigation"," 36.16% 508.226 1 Template:Navbox_with_collapsible_groups"," 28.57% 401.539 4 Template:IPA_common"," 18.73% 263.314 257 Template:IPA_link"," 16.37% 230.130 1 Template:IPA_pulmonic_consonants"," 13.80% 194.014 2 Template:Infobox_IPA"," 13.36% 187.823 2 Template:Infobox_IPA/core1"," 13.19% 185.333 2 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