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{"work":{"id":84711837,"created_at":"2022-08-14T08:58:39.657-07:00","from_world_paper_id":212511410,"updated_at":"2024-11-24T15:09:25.395-08:00","_data":{"publisher":"Informa UK Limited","grobid_abstract":"In this study, the mechanical behaviour of Japanese quail eggs was determined in terms of average rupture force, deformation, and energy absorbed during fracture. Eggs were characterized by some physical and geometrical properties, such as mass, length, width, eggshell thickness, geometric mean diameter, surface area, sphericity, volume, and eggshell radii of curvature. Egg samples were compressed along the axis of their symmetry (X axis) and perpendicularly to this axis (Z axis). Four different compression rates were used: 0.0166, 0.166, 1.666, and 5 mm/s. The highest rupture force, deformation at the egg's rupture, and energy absorbed up to the fracture were found when Japanese quail eggs were loaded along their X-axis. The rupture force increased with the compression (loading) rate. The rate sensitivity of the eggshell rupture force was close to that observed for the hen's eggs.","publication_date":"2014,,","publication_name":"International Journal of Food Properties","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":"89639243"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Behaviour of Japanese Quail Eggs Under Mechanical Compression","broadcastable":true,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [45652172]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "control"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loginModal = {}; window.loginModal.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon'; window.userInChina = "false";</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":89639243,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “Behaviour of Japanese Quail Eggs Under Mechanical Compression”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/89639243/mini_magick20220814-1-mwin7l.png?1660492943" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/single_work_splash/adobe_icon.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">Behaviour of Japanese Quail Eggs Under Mechanical Compression</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="45652172" href="https://independent.academia.edu/TrnkaJan"><img alt="Profile image of Jan Trnka" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/s65_no_pic.png" />Jan Trnka</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2014, International Journal of Food Properties</p><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">visibility</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm" id="work-metadata-view-count">…</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">description</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">10 pages</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">link</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">1 file</p></div></div><script>(async () => { const workId = 84711837; 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if (!viewCountBody) { throw new Error('Failed to find work views element'); } viewCountBody.textContent = `${commaizedViewCount} views`; } catch (error) { // Remove the whole views element if there was some issue parsing. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); throw new Error(`Failed to parse view count: ${viewCount}`, error); } }; // If the DOM is still loading, wait for it to be ready before updating the view count. if (document.readyState === "loading") { document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { updateViewCount(viewCount); }); // Otherwise, just update it immediately. } else { updateViewCount(viewCount); } })();</script></div><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">In this study, the mechanical behaviour of Japanese quail eggs was determined in terms of average rupture force, deformation, and energy absorbed during fracture. Eggs were characterized by some physical and geometrical properties, such as mass, length, width, eggshell thickness, geometric mean diameter, surface area, sphericity, volume, and eggshell radii of curvature. Egg samples were compressed along the axis of their symmetry (X axis) and perpendicularly to this axis (Z axis). Four different compression rates were used: 0.0166, 0.166, 1.666, and 5 mm/s. The highest rupture force, deformation at the egg's rupture, and energy absorbed up to the fracture were found when Japanese quail eggs were loaded along their X-axis. The rupture force increased with the compression (loading) rate. The rate sensitivity of the eggshell rupture force was close to that observed for the hen's eggs.</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":89639243,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/84711837/Behaviour_of_Japanese_Quail_Eggs_Under_Mechanical_Compression"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":89639243,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/84711837/Behaviour_of_Japanese_Quail_Eggs_Under_Mechanical_Compression"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger-container"><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger ds-signup-banner-trigger-control"></div></div><div class="ds-signup-banner ds-signup-banner-control"><div id="ds-signup-banner-close-button"><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary ds2-5-button--inverse"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">close</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-ctas"><img src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-capital-white.svg" /><h4 class="ds2-5-heading-serif-sm">Sign up for access to the world's latest research</h4><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--inverse ds2-5-button--full-width js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"signup-banner"}">Sign up for free<span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">arrow_forward</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-divider"></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons"><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Get notified about relevant papers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Save papers to use in your research</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Join the discussion with peers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Track your impact</span></div></div></div><script>(() => { // Set up signup banner show/hide behavior: // 1. 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In this study some physical properties such as mass, length, diameter, geometric mean diameter, surface area, sphericity, volume, coefficient of friction and packaging coefficient were determined for Japanese quail eggs. Furthermore, the mechanical behaviour of Japanese quail eggs was determined in terms of average rupture force, deformation and toughness (energy absorbed by the Japanese quail eggs per unit volume). Egg samples were compressed along their X and Z-axes. The average values of their mass, length, width, shell thickness, geometric mean diameter, surface area, sphericity, volume and packaging coefficient were measured to be 12.69 g, 34.87 mm, 26.20 mm, 0.27 mm, 28.82 mm, 2 608.5 mm2, 1.10, 359.17 mm3, 0.469, respectively. The values of the coefficient of friction for quail eggs on the surface...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Mechanical behaviour under compression loading and some physical parameters of Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) eggs","attachmentId":93332491,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/89547834/Mechanical_behaviour_under_compression_loading_and_some_physical_parameters_of_Japanese_quail_Coturnix_coturnix_japonica_eggs","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/89547834/Mechanical_behaviour_under_compression_loading_and_some_physical_parameters_of_Japanese_quail_Coturnix_coturnix_japonica_eggs"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="125281584" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/125281584/Effect_of_the_loading_rate_on_compressive_properties_of_goose_eggs">Effect of the loading rate on compressive properties of goose eggs</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="52395035" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JanTrnka1">Jan Trnka</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Biological Physics, 2015</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The resistance of goose (Anser anser f. domestica) eggs to damage was determined by measuring the average rupture force, specific deformation and rupture energy during their compression at different compression speeds (0.0167, 0.167, 0.334, 1.67, 6.68 and 13.36 mm/s). Eggs have been loaded between their poles (along X axis) and in the equator plane (Z axis). The greatest amount of force required to break the eggs was required when eggs were loaded along the X axis and the least compression force was required along the Z axis. This effect of the loading orientation can be described in terms of the eggshell contour curvature. The rate sensitivity of the eggshell rupture force is higher than that observed for the Japanese quail's eggs.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Effect of the loading rate on compressive properties of goose eggs","attachmentId":119353984,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/125281584/Effect_of_the_loading_rate_on_compressive_properties_of_goose_eggs","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/125281584/Effect_of_the_loading_rate_on_compressive_properties_of_goose_eggs"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="77894303" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/77894303/Effect_of_egg_shape_index_on_mechanical_properties_of_chicken_eggs">Effect of egg shape index on mechanical properties of chicken eggs</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="41127517" href="https://ohu.academia.edu/Ahmet%C5%9Fekero%C4%9Flu">Ahmet şekeroğlu</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Food Engineering, 2008</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Eggs are available in different shapes. These shapes can be differentiated using a shape index (SI). The shapes most often encountered are sharp, normal (standard), and round eggs which are enumerated on the SI as <72, 72-76, and >76, respectively. In this study, the effect of egg shape on the mechanical behaviour of chicken eggs under a compression load was investigated. The resistance of chicken eggs (Lohmann) to damage was determined by measuring the average rupture force, specific deformation, rupture energy and firmness along the X-front (X f), X-back (X b) and Z-axes at different compression speeds (0.33, 0.66 and 0.99 mm/s). The greatest amount of force required to break the eggs was required when eggs were loaded along the X f-axis and the least compression force was required along the Z-axis. The specific deformation and rupture energy required for the eggs tested was lower along the X f-axis than the X b-or Z-axes. The highest measure of firmness in the eggs tested was found to be along their X f-axis. The results indicated that when testing the effects of compression speed the rupture force is highly dependent on SI. The greatest force needed to rupture eggs was found in eggs with high SI values that were tested at low compression speeds.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Effect of egg shape index on mechanical properties of chicken eggs","attachmentId":85130031,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/77894303/Effect_of_egg_shape_index_on_mechanical_properties_of_chicken_eggs","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/77894303/Effect_of_egg_shape_index_on_mechanical_properties_of_chicken_eggs"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="77894304" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/77894304/Mechanical_Behavior_and_Physical_Properties_of_Chicken_Egg_as_Affected_by_Different_Egg_Weights">Mechanical Behavior and Physical Properties of Chicken Egg as Affected by Different Egg Weights</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="41127517" href="https://ohu.academia.edu/Ahmet%C5%9Fekero%C4%9Flu">Ahmet şekeroğlu</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Food Process Engineering, 2010</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This study was carried out to determine the effect of egg weight on physical properties and mechanical behavior under compression of chicken eggs. Four different weights -including medium, large, extra large and jumbo -were used. Physical properties of chicken egg -such as size, geometric mean diameter, sphericity, volume, surface area, packaging coefficient of eggs, shape index, shell thickness and static coefficient of friction on various surfaces -were determined. The mechanical properties of chicken egg to compression as effected by egg weight were determined in terms of average rupture force, specific deformation and rupture energy along xand z-axes at different compression speeds. The length, width, geometric mean diameter, unit mass, surface area, egg volume and packaging coefficient increased as the egg weight increased. The average shape index and shell thickness values ranged from 78.37 to 79.56, and 0.400 to 0.387 mm for the eggs tested, respectively. The static coefficients of friction on various surfaces, namely, glass, plywood, galvanized metal, rubber and chipboard, increased linearly with increasing egg weight tested. The rubber surface presented the maximum friction followed by plywood, chipboard, galvanized metal and glass. The force required to initiate egg rupture on the z-axis decreased as egg weight increased from medium to jumbo. The specific deformation and rupture energy values observed for chicken eggs compressed along the z-axis were higher than the values obtained when testing eggs in the x-back and x-front orientations. The results indicated that the rupture force along all three axes is highly dependent on the egg weight over the compression speed ranges investigated.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Mechanical Behavior and Physical Properties of Chicken Egg as Affected by Different Egg Weights","attachmentId":85129957,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/77894304/Mechanical_Behavior_and_Physical_Properties_of_Chicken_Egg_as_Affected_by_Different_Egg_Weights","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/77894304/Mechanical_Behavior_and_Physical_Properties_of_Chicken_Egg_as_Affected_by_Different_Egg_Weights"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="84711840" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/84711840/A_new_approach_to_analyze_the_dynamic_strength_of_eggs">A new approach to analyze the dynamic strength of eggs</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="45652172" href="https://independent.academia.edu/TrnkaJan">Jan Trnka</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Biological Physics, 2016</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The mechanical behavior of eggshell was determined in terms of average rupture force and corresponding deformation. For the experiment, we selected goose eggs (Anser anser f. domestica). Samples of eggs were compressed along their x-axis and z-axis. The effect of the loading orientation can be described in terms of the eggshell contour curvature. Two different experimental methods were used: compression between two plates (loading rates up to 5 mm/s) and the Hopkinson split pressure bar technique. This second method enables achieving loading rates up to about 17 m/s. The response of goose eggs to this high loading rate was characterized also by simultaneous measurement of the eggshell surface displacements using a laser vibrometer and by the measurement of both circumferential and meridian strains. Keywords Eggs. Compression. Dynamic loading. HSPB technique. Rupture force The egg is a packaged food. One of the important quality aspects of packaged eggs is the mechanical strength of the egg shell [1]. Breaking of the eggshell is due to the forces acting on the eggs under static and/or quasi-static conditions, as at the bottom of the pile of loaded trays, but the greatest part occurs under dynamic conditions, e.g., when an egg falls on to the cage bottom at oviposition and in the many other events, which are collected by Carter [2]. The dynamic loading can also lead to the vibration of the egg liquid products. The eggs thus serve</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"A new approach to analyze the dynamic strength of eggs","attachmentId":89639241,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/84711840/A_new_approach_to_analyze_the_dynamic_strength_of_eggs","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/84711840/A_new_approach_to_analyze_the_dynamic_strength_of_eggs"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="84711836" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/84711836/Effect_of_Loading_Rate_on_Hen_s_Eggshell_Mechanics">Effect of Loading Rate on Hen’s Eggshell Mechanics</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="45652172" href="https://independent.academia.edu/TrnkaJan">Jan Trnka</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Food Research, 2012</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The study is focused on analysis of mechanical behavior of hen’s eggshell expressed in terms of average rupture force and corresponding deformation. Some other physical properties such as mass, length, diameter, geometric mean diameter, surface area, sphericity, and volume were also evaluated. The egg samples were compressed along their X and Z-axes. Two different experimental methods were used: compression between two plates (loading rates 0.0167, 0.167, and 1.67 mm/s) and impact of a free-falling cylindrical bar (loading rates up to 17 mm/s). Surface displacement and surface velocity were measured using the laser-vibrometer. The increase in rupture force with loading rate was observed for loading in all direction (along main axes). Dependence of the rupture force on loading rate was quantified and described. The highest rupture force was obtained when the eggs were loaded along the X-axis. Compression along the Z-axis required the least compressive force to break the eggshells.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Effect of Loading Rate on Hen’s Eggshell Mechanics","attachmentId":89639238,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/84711836/Effect_of_Loading_Rate_on_Hen_s_Eggshell_Mechanics","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/84711836/Effect_of_Loading_Rate_on_Hen_s_Eggshell_Mechanics"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="44046583" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/44046583/Engineering_Properties_of_Japanese_quail_Eggs_in_Different_Levels_93_Engineering_Properties_of_Japanese_quail_Eggs_in_Different_Levels_of_Dietary_Calcium">Engineering Properties of Japanese quail Eggs in Different Levels… 93 Engineering Properties of Japanese quail Eggs in Different Levels of Dietary Calcium</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="50567048" href="https://mashhad.academia.edu/JournalofAgriculturalMachinery">Journal of Agricultural Machinery</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The eggshell of birds, as a natural shield and package, protects the tissues inside it from microbial and mechanical damages. Proper intake of calcium, as an important and effective factor in increasing the strength and quality of the eggshell, could reduce complications. In this paper, the effect of dietary calcium at five different levels on engineering features of Japanese quail eggs in a Parent stock in their first laying period was investigated. The values for an average of mass, volume, specific mass, shell thickness, major diameter, central diameter and rupture force along the longitudinal and transverse axes were measured. Rupture energy or toughness, slope of the rupture curve (hardness), deformation along the longitudinal and transverse axis to the point of rupture as well as longitudinal and transverse deformation of 450 tested quail eggs (3 period of time, 5 treatment of calcium, 5 replication, 6 observation) were measured. The characters of the specific mass, shell thickness, rupture force, and slope of the rupture curve of quail eggs indicate the strength of quail egg. In this study, variations in all parameters indicating shell strength at different levels of dietary calcium were consistent with each other. Five different treatments with 1.5%, 2%, 2.5%, 3%, and 3.5% calcium content were supplied for the study. By increasing the calcium content of the quail diet from 1.5 to 3 wt%, the volume and weight of quail eggs dropped and shell thickness was reinforced. According to the results, the shell strength of quail eggs along the transverse axis was slightly less than the longitudinal axis, but the flexibility and energy required for quail egg rupture were much greater across the longitudinal axis.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Engineering Properties of Japanese quail Eggs in Different Levels… 93 Engineering Properties of Japanese quail Eggs in Different Levels of Dietary Calcium","attachmentId":64387561,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/44046583/Engineering_Properties_of_Japanese_quail_Eggs_in_Different_Levels_93_Engineering_Properties_of_Japanese_quail_Eggs_in_Different_Levels_of_Dietary_Calcium","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/44046583/Engineering_Properties_of_Japanese_quail_Eggs_in_Different_Levels_93_Engineering_Properties_of_Japanese_quail_Eggs_in_Different_Levels_of_Dietary_Calcium"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="27951286" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/27951286/Hen_s_eggshell_strength_under_impact_loading">Hen’s eggshell strength under impact loading</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="52395035" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JanTrnka1">Jan Trnka</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Food Engineering, 2009</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">An experimental method for evaluation of an eggshell's mechanical characteristics under impact loading is discussed. Proposed experimental set up enables recording of time history of the force at the contact area between the rod and eggshell, as well as the vibration response of the tested egg. By the gradual increasing of the rod impact velocity, a rupture force of the eggshell was determined. The value of this force depends on the position of the rod impact. This dependence is more significant than that of static loading of the eggs. The preliminary results also show the non-negligible dependence of rupture force on the loading rate. An introductory numerical simulation of the given test was also performed. The LS DYNA finite element code was used. Numerical results exhibit reasonable agreement with experimental results.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Hen’s eggshell strength under impact loading","attachmentId":48249859,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/27951286/Hen_s_eggshell_strength_under_impact_loading","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/27951286/Hen_s_eggshell_strength_under_impact_loading"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="24125043" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/24125043/A_Finite_Element_Analysis_of_the_Mechanical_and_Thermal_Strength_of_Avian_Eggs">A Finite Element Analysis of the Mechanical and Thermal Strength of Avian Eggs</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="39782105" href="https://iastate.academia.edu/RichardGates">Richard Gates</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The hot water washing of eggs has been implicated as one source of breakage. A method for estimating shell stresses during and after washing is outlined in this paper. The problem is posed mathematically as a coupled thermo-elastic problem which relates the development of internal pressure to the shrinkage of the shell and the expansion of the inner contents due to heating. Any internal pressure developed in turn stresses the eggshell. In this study we employ a finite element method to determine the effects of various parameters, including: egg size and shape, shell thickness and permeability, wash water temperature and duration of exposure. Results from this study agree closely with previous analytical results for the case of a round egg. More realistic eggshell geometries are considered in this study; the magnitude of stresses are predicted to be larger than those developed in the spherical shell model. The location of maximum stress varied with egg shape; substantial tensile stresses developed after 60 s washing. Internal pressure, and hence shell stresses, diminished rapidly upon removal of the wash water temperature at the shell surface. Incorporation of a static 10 N load at the pole in conjunction with thermally-induced stresses greatly increased shell stresses, illustrating that hot water washing, combined with mechanical loads, creates a situation in which more eggs are likely to fail. A cool-down period of 30 s-60 s is predicted to diminish thermal stresses by 60-70%.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"A Finite Element Analysis of the Mechanical and Thermal Strength of Avian Eggs","attachmentId":44484387,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/24125043/A_Finite_Element_Analysis_of_the_Mechanical_and_Thermal_Strength_of_Avian_Eggs","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/24125043/A_Finite_Element_Analysis_of_the_Mechanical_and_Thermal_Strength_of_Avian_Eggs"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="27951293" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/27951293/On_the_influence_of_storage_duration_on_rheological_properties_of_liquid_egg_products_and_response_of_eggs_to_impact_loading_Japanese_quail_eggs">On the influence of storage duration on rheological properties of liquid egg products and response of eggs to impact loading – Japanese quail eggs</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="52395035" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JanTrnka1">Jan Trnka</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Food Engineering, 2015</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The eggs of wild-type European-originated quails were stored for 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, and 16 weeks at constant temperature 4°C. The three groups of parameters describing the egg quality were obtained.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"On the influence of storage duration on rheological properties of liquid egg products and response of eggs to impact loading – Japanese quail eggs","attachmentId":48249870,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/27951293/On_the_influence_of_storage_duration_on_rheological_properties_of_liquid_egg_products_and_response_of_eggs_to_impact_loading_Japanese_quail_eggs","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/27951293/On_the_influence_of_storage_duration_on_rheological_properties_of_liquid_egg_products_and_response_of_eggs_to_impact_loading_Japanese_quail_eggs"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":89639243,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":89639243,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_89639243" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. You can download the paper by clicking the button above.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sidebar--container js-work-sidebar"><div class="ds-related-content--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="110153795" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/110153795/Impact_of_the_Age_of_Laying_Chicken_on_Mechanical_Strength_of_Eggs">Impact of the Age of Laying Chicken on Mechanical Strength of Eggs</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="42061060" href="https://independent.academia.edu/VijayaRaghavan9">Vijaya Raghavan</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2010</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Impact of the Age of Laying Chicken on Mechanical Strength of Eggs","attachmentId":108059137,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/110153795/Impact_of_the_Age_of_Laying_Chicken_on_Mechanical_Strength_of_Eggs","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/110153795/Impact_of_the_Age_of_Laying_Chicken_on_Mechanical_Strength_of_Eggs"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="80072596" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/80072596/Determination_of_Hen_Eggshell_Strength_by_the_Puncture_Method">Determination of Hen Eggshell Strength by the Puncture Method</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="5507252" href="https://kg.academia.edu/Milo%C5%A1Bo%C5%BEi%C4%87">Miloš Božić</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal on Processing and Energy in Agriculture, 2021</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Determination of Hen Eggshell Strength by the Puncture Method","attachmentId":86575936,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/80072596/Determination_of_Hen_Eggshell_Strength_by_the_Puncture_Method","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/80072596/Determination_of_Hen_Eggshell_Strength_by_the_Puncture_Method"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="83916015" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/83916015/Determination_and_analysis_of_failure_stresses_in_egg_shells">Determination and analysis of failure stresses in egg shells</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="242656" href="https://tehran.academia.edu/jkhazaei">Javad Khazaei</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, 1967</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Determination and analysis of failure stresses in egg shells","attachmentId":89109410,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/83916015/Determination_and_analysis_of_failure_stresses_in_egg_shells","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/83916015/Determination_and_analysis_of_failure_stresses_in_egg_shells"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="84711842" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/84711842/Behavior_of_cracked_eggs_at_non_destructive_impact">Behavior of cracked eggs at non-destructive impact</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="45652172" href="https://independent.academia.edu/TrnkaJan">Jan Trnka</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2014</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Behavior of cracked eggs at non-destructive impact","attachmentId":89639231,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/84711842/Behavior_of_cracked_eggs_at_non_destructive_impact","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/84711842/Behavior_of_cracked_eggs_at_non_destructive_impact"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" 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