CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html > <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/open_search.xml" title="Academia.edu"> <meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" name="viewport"> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="bKJMBZA7E43xhDOopFZkssMMkBRjvYERV-NaN4R6mrs"> <meta name="csrf-param" content="authenticity_token" /> <meta name="csrf-token" content="z0Q9OgwjXU8iqLZTYdbYftS2GG99YcufB1ZuBxdtW6MS0Sql3cVKwNa33/qCNnzcJXOo9ik5n7N+TwvXPLG7oQ==" /> <meta name="citation_title" content="Convergent minds: the evolution of cognitive complexity in nature (second author, with Russell Powell, Corina Logan, and Nicolas S. Clayton)" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Irina Mikhalevich" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" /> <meta name="twitter:url" content="https://www.academia.edu/33574643/Convergent_minds_the_evolution_of_cognitive_complexity_in_nature_second_author_with_Russell_Powell_Corina_Logan_and_Nicolas_S_Clayton_" /> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Convergent minds: the evolution of cognitive complexity in nature (second author, with Russell Powell, Corina Logan, and Nicolas S. Clayton)" /> <meta name="twitter:description" content="Academia.edu is a platform for academics to share research papers." /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://0.academia-photos.com/46564/14613/17484170/s200_irina.mikhalevich.jpg" /> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="2369844204" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.academia.edu/33574643/Convergent_minds_the_evolution_of_cognitive_complexity_in_nature_second_author_with_Russell_Powell_Corina_Logan_and_Nicolas_S_Clayton_" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Convergent minds: the evolution of cognitive complexity in nature (second author, with Russell Powell, Corina Logan, and Nicolas S. Clayton)" /> <meta property="og:image" content="http://a.academia-assets.com/images/open-graph-icons/fb-paper.gif" /> <meta property="og:description" content="Convergent minds: the evolution of cognitive complexity in nature (second author, with Russell Powell, Corina Logan, and Nicolas S. Clayton)" /> <meta property="article:author" content="https://rit.academia.edu/IrinaMikhalevich" /> <meta name="description" content="Convergent minds: the evolution of cognitive complexity in nature (second author, with Russell Powell, Corina Logan, and Nicolas S. Clayton)" /> <title>(PDF) Convergent minds: the evolution of cognitive complexity in nature (second author, with Russell Powell, Corina Logan, and Nicolas S. Clayton) | Irina Mikhalevich - Academia.edu</title> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.academia.edu/33574643/Convergent_minds_the_evolution_of_cognitive_complexity_in_nature_second_author_with_Russell_Powell_Corina_Logan_and_Nicolas_S_Clayton_" /> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5VKX33P2DS', { cookie_domain: 'academia.edu', send_page_view: false, }); gtag('event', 'page_view', { 'controller': "single_work", 'action': "show", 'controller_action': 'single_work#show', 'logged_in': 'false', 'edge': 'unknown', // Send nil if there is no A/B test bucket, in case some records get logged // with missing data - that way we can distinguish between the two cases. // ab_test_bucket should be of the form <ab_test_name>:<bucket> 'ab_test_bucket': null, }) </script> <script> var $controller_name = 'single_work'; var $action_name = "show"; var $rails_env = 'production'; var $app_rev = '49879c2402910372f4abc62630a427bbe033d190'; var $domain = 'academia.edu'; var $app_host = "academia.edu"; var $asset_host = "academia-assets.com"; var $start_time = new Date().getTime(); var $recaptcha_key = "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB"; var $recaptcha_invisible_key = "6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj"; var $disableClientRecordHit = false; </script> <script> window.require = { config: function() { return function() {} } } </script> <script> window.Aedu = window.Aedu || {}; window.Aedu.hit_data = null; window.Aedu.serverRenderTime = new Date(1732423270000); window.Aedu.timeDifference = new Date().getTime() - 1732423270000; </script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"ScholarlyArticle","abstract":null,"author":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Irina Mikhalevich"}],"contributor":[],"dateCreated":"2017-06-20","dateModified":"2017-06-20","datePublished":null,"headline":"Convergent Minds: The Evolution of Cognitive Complexity in Nature (Introduction to Themed Issue of the Royal Society's Interface Focus) - second author","inLanguage":"en","keywords":["Evolutionary Biology","Philosophy","Philosophy of Science","Convergence","Comparative psychology"],"locationCreated":null,"publication":null,"publisher":{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Organization","name":null},"image":null,"thumbnailUrl":null,"url":"https://www.academia.edu/33574643/Convergent_minds_the_evolution_of_cognitive_complexity_in_nature_second_author_with_Russell_Powell_Corina_Logan_and_Nicolas_S_Clayton_","sourceOrganization":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"EducationalOrganization","name":"rit"}]}</script><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/single_work_page/loswp-352e32ba4e89304dc0b4fa5b3952eef2198174c54cdb79066bc62e91c68a1a91.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/body-8d679e925718b5e8e4b18e9a4fab37f7eaa99e43386459376559080ac8f2856a.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/button-3cea6e0ad4715ed965c49bfb15dedfc632787b32ff6d8c3a474182b231146ab7.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/text_button-73590134e40cdb49f9abdc8e796cc00dc362693f3f0f6137d6cf9bb78c318ce7.css" /><link crossorigin="" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com/" rel="preconnect" /><link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=DM+Sans:ital,opsz,wght@0,9..40,100..1000;1,9..40,100..1000&family=Gupter:wght@400;500;700&family=IBM+Plex+Mono:wght@300;400&family=Material+Symbols+Outlined:opsz,wght,FILL,GRAD@20,400,0,0&display=swap" rel="stylesheet" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/common-10fa40af19d25203774df2d4a03b9b5771b45109c2304968038e88a81d1215c5.css" /> </head> <body> <div id='react-modal'></div> <div class="js-upgrade-ie-banner" style="display: none; text-align: center; padding: 8px 0; background-color: #ebe480;"><p style="color: #000; font-size: 12px; margin: 0 0 4px;">Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer.</p><p style="color: #000; font-size: 12px; margin: 0;">To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds to <a href="https://www.academia.edu/upgrade-browser">upgrade your browser</a>.</p></div><script>// Show this banner for all versions of IE if (!!window.MSInputMethodContext || /(MSIE)/.test(navigator.userAgent)) { document.querySelector('.js-upgrade-ie-banner').style.display = 'block'; }</script> <div class="bootstrap login"><div class="modal fade login-modal" id="login-modal"><div class="login-modal-dialog modal-dialog"><div class="modal-content"><div class="modal-header"><button class="close close" data-dismiss="modal" type="button"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span><span class="sr-only">Close</span></button><h4 class="modal-title text-center"><strong>Log In</strong></h4></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><button class="btn btn-fb btn-lg btn-block btn-v-center-content" id="login-facebook-oauth-button"><svg style="float: left; width: 19px; line-height: 1em; margin-right: .3em;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="facebook-square" class="svg-inline--fa fa-facebook-square fa-w-14" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M400 32H48A48 48 0 0 0 0 80v352a48 48 0 0 0 48 48h137.25V327.69h-63V256h63v-54.64c0-62.15 37-96.48 93.67-96.48 27.14 0 55.52 4.84 55.52 4.84v61h-31.27c-30.81 0-40.42 19.12-40.42 38.73V256h68.78l-11 71.69h-57.78V480H400a48 48 0 0 0 48-48V80a48 48 0 0 0-48-48z"></path></svg><small><strong>Log in</strong> with <strong>Facebook</strong></small></button><br /><button class="btn btn-google btn-lg btn-block btn-v-center-content" id="login-google-oauth-button"><svg style="float: left; width: 22px; line-height: 1em; margin-right: .3em;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="google-plus" class="svg-inline--fa fa-google-plus fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256,8C119.1,8,8,119.1,8,256S119.1,504,256,504,504,392.9,504,256,392.9,8,256,8ZM185.3,380a124,124,0,0,1,0-248c31.3,0,60.1,11,83,32.3l-33.6,32.6c-13.2-12.9-31.3-19.1-49.4-19.1-42.9,0-77.2,35.5-77.2,78.1S142.3,334,185.3,334c32.6,0,64.9-19.1,70.1-53.3H185.3V238.1H302.2a109.2,109.2,0,0,1,1.9,20.7c0,70.8-47.5,121.2-118.8,121.2ZM415.5,273.8v35.5H380V273.8H344.5V238.3H380V202.8h35.5v35.5h35.2v35.5Z"></path></svg><small><strong>Log in</strong> with <strong>Google</strong></small></button><br /><style type="text/css">.sign-in-with-apple-button { width: 100%; height: 52px; border-radius: 3px; border: 1px solid black; cursor: pointer; }</style><script src="https://appleid.cdn-apple.com/appleauth/static/jsapi/appleid/1/en_US/appleid.auth.js" type="text/javascript"></script><div class="sign-in-with-apple-button" data-border="false" data-color="white" id="appleid-signin"><span   ="Sign Up with Apple" class="u-fs11"></span></div><script>AppleID.auth.init({ clientId: 'edu.academia.applesignon', scope: 'name email', redirectURI: 'https://www.academia.edu/sessions', state: "ba7a414fedaaa6e63572f3a5221dbe7ac19b8724ccf7aa9cfdddd2673be725e0", });</script><script>// Hacky way of checking if on fast loswp if (window.loswp == null) { (function() { const Google = window?.Aedu?.Auth?.OauthButton?.Login?.Google; const Facebook = window?.Aedu?.Auth?.OauthButton?.Login?.Facebook; if (Google) { new Google({ el: '#login-google-oauth-button', rememberMeCheckboxId: 'remember_me', track: null }); } if (Facebook) { new Facebook({ el: '#login-facebook-oauth-button', rememberMeCheckboxId: 'remember_me', track: null }); } })(); }</script></div></div></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><div class="hr-heading login-hr-heading"><span class="hr-heading-text">or</span></div></div></div></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><form class="js-login-form" action="https://www.academia.edu/sessions" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="✓" autocomplete="off" /><input type="hidden" name="authenticity_token" value="jGzbTgFeIDS30I2CEe0s7LG4RYiUyiMBLn1cRUd1Ai1R+czR0Lg3u0PP5CvyDYhOQH31EcCSdy1XZDmVbKniLw==" autocomplete="off" /><div class="form-group"><label class="control-label" for="login-modal-email-input" style="font-size: 14px;">Email</label><input class="form-control" id="login-modal-email-input" name="login" type="email" /></div><div class="form-group"><label class="control-label" for="login-modal-password-input" style="font-size: 14px;">Password</label><input class="form-control" id="login-modal-password-input" name="password" type="password" /></div><input type="hidden" name="post_login_redirect_url" id="post_login_redirect_url" value="https://www.academia.edu/33574643/Convergent_minds_the_evolution_of_cognitive_complexity_in_nature_second_author_with_Russell_Powell_Corina_Logan_and_Nicolas_S_Clayton_" autocomplete="off" /><div class="checkbox"><label><input type="checkbox" name="remember_me" id="remember_me" value="1" checked="checked" /><small style="font-size: 12px; margin-top: 2px; display: inline-block;">Remember me on this computer</small></label></div><br><input type="submit" name="commit" value="Log In" class="btn btn-primary btn-block btn-lg js-login-submit" data-disable-with="Log In" /></br></form><script>typeof window?.Aedu?.recaptchaManagedForm === 'function' && window.Aedu.recaptchaManagedForm( document.querySelector('.js-login-form'), document.querySelector('.js-login-submit') );</script><small style="font-size: 12px;"><br />or <a data-target="#login-modal-reset-password-container" data-toggle="collapse" href="javascript:void(0)">reset password</a></small><div class="collapse" id="login-modal-reset-password-container"><br /><div class="well margin-0x"><form class="js-password-reset-form" action="https://www.academia.edu/reset_password" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="✓" autocomplete="off" /><input type="hidden" name="authenticity_token" value="hNyRos1vlnze05Y1fXyAJI12MSjS+vZMXiyrFFORmf5ZSYY9HImB8yrM/5yenCSGfLOBsYaiomAnNc7EeE15/A==" autocomplete="off" /><p>Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link.</p><div class="form-group"><input class="form-control" name="email" type="email" /></div><input class="btn btn-primary btn-block g-recaptcha js-password-reset-submit" data-sitekey="6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj" type="submit" value="Email me a link" /></form></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/collapse-45805421cf446ca5adf7aaa1935b08a3a8d1d9a6cc5d91a62a2a3a00b20b3e6a.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb $("#login-modal-reset-password-container").on("shown.bs.collapse", function() { $(this).find("input[type=email]").focus(); }); }); </script> </div></div></div><div class="modal-footer"><div class="text-center"><small style="font-size: 12px;">Need an account? <a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup">Click here to sign up</a></small></div></div></div></div></div></div><script>// If we are on subdomain or non-bootstrapped page, redirect to login page instead of showing modal (function(){ if (typeof $ === 'undefined') return; var host = window.location.hostname; if ((host === $domain || host === "www."+$domain) && (typeof $().modal === 'function')) { $("#nav_log_in").click(function(e) { // Don't follow the link and open the modal e.preventDefault(); $("#login-modal").on('shown.bs.modal', function() { $(this).find("#login-modal-email-input").focus() }).modal('show'); }); } })()</script> <div id="fb-root"></div><script>window.fbAsyncInit = function() { FB.init({ appId: "2369844204", version: "v8.0", status: true, cookie: true, xfbml: true }); // Additional initialization code. if (window.InitFacebook) { // facebook.ts already loaded, set it up. window.InitFacebook(); } else { // Set a flag for facebook.ts to find when it loads. window.academiaAuthReadyFacebook = true; } };</script> <div id="google-root"></div><script>window.loadGoogle = function() { if (window.InitGoogle) { // google.ts already loaded, set it up. window.InitGoogle("331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b"); } else { // Set a flag for google.ts to use when it loads. window.GoogleClientID = "331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b"; } };</script> <div class="header--container" id="main-header-container"><div class="header--inner-container header--inner-container-ds2"><div class="header-ds2--left-wrapper"><div class="header-ds2--left-wrapper-inner"><a data-main-header-link-target="logo_home" href="https://www.academia.edu/"><img class="hide-on-desktop-redesign" style="height: 24px; width: 24px;" alt="Academia.edu" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-redesign-2015-A.svg" width="24" height="24" /><img width="145.2" height="18" class="hide-on-mobile-redesign" style="height: 24px;" alt="Academia.edu" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-redesign-2015.svg" /></a><div class="header--search-container header--search-container-ds2"><form class="js-SiteSearch-form select2-no-default-pills" action="https://www.academia.edu/search" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="get"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="✓" autocomplete="off" /><svg style="width: 14px; height: 14px;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="search" class="header--search-icon svg-inline--fa fa-search fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M505 442.7L405.3 343c-4.5-4.5-10.6-7-17-7H372c27.6-35.3 44-79.7 44-128C416 93.1 322.9 0 208 0S0 93.1 0 208s93.1 208 208 208c48.3 0 92.7-16.4 128-44v16.3c0 6.4 2.5 12.5 7 17l99.7 99.7c9.4 9.4 24.6 9.4 33.9 0l28.3-28.3c9.4-9.4 9.4-24.6.1-34zM208 336c-70.7 0-128-57.2-128-128 0-70.7 57.2-128 128-128 70.7 0 128 57.2 128 128 0 70.7-57.2 128-128 128z"></path></svg><input class="header--search-input header--search-input-ds2 js-SiteSearch-form-input" data-main-header-click-target="search_input" name="q" placeholder="Search" type="text" /></form></div></div></div><nav class="header--nav-buttons header--nav-buttons-ds2 js-main-nav"><a class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-header-login-url header-button-ds2 header-login-ds2 hide-on-mobile-redesign" href="https://www.academia.edu/login" rel="nofollow">Log In</a><a class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary header-button-ds2 hide-on-mobile-redesign" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup" rel="nofollow">Sign Up</a><button class="header--hamburger-button header--hamburger-button-ds2 hide-on-desktop-redesign js-header-hamburger-button"><div class="icon-bar"></div><div class="icon-bar" style="margin-top: 4px;"></div><div class="icon-bar" style="margin-top: 4px;"></div></button></nav></div><ul class="header--dropdown-container js-header-dropdown"><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/login" rel="nofollow">Log In</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup" rel="nofollow">Sign Up</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row js-header-dropdown-expand-button"><button class="header--dropdown-button">more<svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="caret-down" class="header--dropdown-button-icon svg-inline--fa fa-caret-down fa-w-10" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M31.3 192h257.3c17.8 0 26.7 21.5 14.1 34.1L174.1 354.8c-7.8 7.8-20.5 7.8-28.3 0L17.2 226.1C4.6 213.5 13.5 192 31.3 192z"></path></svg></button></li><li><ul class="header--expanded-dropdown-container"><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/about">About</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/press">Press</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://medium.com/@academia">Blog</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/documents">Papers</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/terms">Terms</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/privacy">Privacy</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/copyright">Copyright</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/hiring"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="briefcase" class="header--dropdown-row-icon svg-inline--fa fa-briefcase fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M320 336c0 8.84-7.16 16-16 16h-96c-8.84 0-16-7.16-16-16v-48H0v144c0 25.6 22.4 48 48 48h416c25.6 0 48-22.4 48-48V288H320v48zm144-208h-80V80c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48H176c-25.6 0-48 22.4-48 48v48H48c-25.6 0-48 22.4-48 48v80h512v-80c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48zm-144 0H192V96h128v32z"></path></svg>We're Hiring!</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://support.academia.edu/"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="question-circle" class="header--dropdown-row-icon svg-inline--fa fa-question-circle fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M504 256c0 136.997-111.043 248-248 248S8 392.997 8 256C8 119.083 119.043 8 256 8s248 111.083 248 248zM262.655 90c-54.497 0-89.255 22.957-116.549 63.758-3.536 5.286-2.353 12.415 2.715 16.258l34.699 26.31c5.205 3.947 12.621 3.008 16.665-2.122 17.864-22.658 30.113-35.797 57.303-35.797 20.429 0 45.698 13.148 45.698 32.958 0 14.976-12.363 22.667-32.534 33.976C247.128 238.528 216 254.941 216 296v4c0 6.627 5.373 12 12 12h56c6.627 0 12-5.373 12-12v-1.333c0-28.462 83.186-29.647 83.186-106.667 0-58.002-60.165-102-116.531-102zM256 338c-25.365 0-46 20.635-46 46 0 25.364 20.635 46 46 46s46-20.636 46-46c0-25.365-20.635-46-46-46z"></path></svg>Help Center</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row js-header-dropdown-collapse-button"><button class="header--dropdown-button">less<svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="caret-up" class="header--dropdown-button-icon svg-inline--fa fa-caret-up fa-w-10" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M288.662 352H31.338c-17.818 0-26.741-21.543-14.142-34.142l128.662-128.662c7.81-7.81 20.474-7.81 28.284 0l128.662 128.662c12.6 12.599 3.676 34.142-14.142 34.142z"></path></svg></button></li></ul></li></ul></div> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/fast_loswp-bundle-bf3d831cde46cd0e142f29f81a3fc4ce5ab45a404c10c12a480e83de68aff851.js" defer="defer"></script><script>window.loswp = {}; window.loswp.author = 46564; window.loswp.bulkDownloadFilterCounts = {}; window.loswp.hasDownloadableAttachment = true; window.loswp.hasViewableAttachments = true; // TODO: just use routes for this window.loswp.loginUrl = "https://www.academia.edu/login?post_login_redirect_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F33574643%2FConvergent_minds_the_evolution_of_cognitive_complexity_in_nature_second_author_with_Russell_Powell_Corina_Logan_and_Nicolas_S_Clayton_%3Fauto%3Ddownload"; window.loswp.translateUrl = "https://www.academia.edu/login?post_login_redirect_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F33574643%2FConvergent_minds_the_evolution_of_cognitive_complexity_in_nature_second_author_with_Russell_Powell_Corina_Logan_and_Nicolas_S_Clayton_%3Fshow_translation%3Dtrue"; window.loswp.previewableAttachments = [{"id":53598200,"identifier":"Attachment_53598200","shouldShowBulkDownload":false}]; window.loswp.shouldDetectTimezone = true; window.loswp.shouldShowBulkDownload = true; window.loswp.showSignupCaptcha = false window.loswp.willEdgeCache = false; window.loswp.work = {"work":{"id":33574643,"created_at":"2017-06-20T11:21:09.311-07:00","from_world_paper_id":null,"updated_at":"2021-01-17T18:57:22.693-08:00","_data":{},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Convergent minds: the evolution of cognitive complexity in nature (second author, with Russell Powell, Corina Logan, and Nicolas S. Clayton)","broadcastable":true,"draft":false,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [46564]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "full_page_mobile_sutd_modal"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loswp.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon';</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":53598200,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “Convergent minds: the evolution of cognitive complexity in nature (second author, with Russell Powell, Corina Logan, and Nicolas S. Clayton)”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/53598200/mini_magick20190120-22774-cpbvxq.png?1548002920" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/single_work_splash/adobe.icon-574afd46eb6b03a77a153a647fb47e30546f9215c0ee6a25df597a779717f9ef.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">Convergent minds: the evolution of cognitive complexity in nature (second author, with Russell Powell, Corina Logan, and Nicolas S. Clayton)</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="46564" href="https://rit.academia.edu/IrinaMikhalevich"><img alt="Profile image of Irina Mikhalevich" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/46564/14613/17484170/s65_irina.mikhalevich.jpg" />Irina Mikhalevich</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":53598200,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/33574643/Convergent_minds_the_evolution_of_cognitive_complexity_in_nature_second_author_with_Russell_Powell_Corina_Logan_and_Nicolas_S_Clayton_"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":53598200,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/33574643/Convergent_minds_the_evolution_of_cognitive_complexity_in_nature_second_author_with_Russell_Powell_Corina_Logan_and_Nicolas_S_Clayton_"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div></div><div data-auto_select="false" data-client_id="331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b" data-doc_id="53598200" data-landing_url="https://www.academia.edu/33574643/Convergent_minds_the_evolution_of_cognitive_complexity_in_nature_second_author_with_Russell_Powell_Corina_Logan_and_Nicolas_S_Clayton_" data-login_uri="https://www.academia.edu/registrations/google_one_tap" data-moment_callback="onGoogleOneTapEvent" id="g_id_onload"></div><div class="ds-top-related-works--grid-container"><div class="ds-related-content--container ds-top-related-works--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="34082018" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/34082018/Convergent_evolution_as_natural_experiment_the_tape_of_life_reconsidered">Convergent evolution as natural experiment: the tape of life reconsidered</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="66849302" href="https://nevada-reno.academia.edu/CarlosMariscal">Carlos Mariscal</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">argued that replaying the 'tape of life' would result in radically different evolutionary outcomes. Recently, biologists and philosophers of science have paid increasing attention to the theoretical importance of convergent evolution—the independent origination of similar biological forms and functions—which many interpret as evidence against Gould's thesis. In this paper, we examine the evidentiary relevance of con-vergent evolution for the radical contingency debate. We show that under the right conditions, episodes of convergent evolution can constitute valid natural experiments that support inferences regarding the deep counterfac-tual stability of macroevolutionary outcomes. However, we argue that proponents of convergence have problematically lumped causally heterogeneous phenomena into a single evidentiary basket, in effect treating all convergent events as if they are of equivalent theoretical import. As a result, the 'critique from convergent evolution' fails to engage with key claims of the radical contingency thesis. To remedy this, we develop ways to break down the heterogeneous set of convergent events based on the nature of the generalizations they support. Adopting this more nuanced approach to convergent evolution allows us to differentiate iterated evolutionary outcomes that are probably common among alternative evolutionary histories and subject to law-like generalizations, from those that do little to undermine and may even support, the Gouldian view of life.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Convergent evolution as natural experiment: the tape of life reconsidered","attachmentId":54015793,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/34082018/Convergent_evolution_as_natural_experiment_the_tape_of_life_reconsidered","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/34082018/Convergent_evolution_as_natural_experiment_the_tape_of_life_reconsidered"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="88683459" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/88683459/Contingency_and_Convergence_in_the_Theory_of_Evolution_Stephen_Jay_Gould_vs_Simon_Conway_Morris">Contingency and Convergence in the Theory of Evolution: Stephen Jay Gould vs. Simon Conway Morris</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="4413330" href="https://e-alliance.academia.edu/AndrejJefti%C4%87">Andrej Jeftić</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Belgrade Philosophical Annual, 2022</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Debating the interpretation of the Burgess Shale fossil records, Stephen Jay Gould and Simon Conway Morris have formulated two conflicting theses regarding the nature of evolutionary processes. While Gould argued that evolution is essentially a contingent process whose outcomes are unpredictable, Conway Morris claimed that the omnipresence of convergence testifies that it is in fact deterministic, leading to predictable and inevitable outcomes. Their theses have been extensively researched from various perspectives. However, a systematic parallel analysis of the core arguments each of them offered in support of their thesis has been lacking. I argue Conway Morris has successfully exposed the core weaknesses of Gould’s thesis and offered a comprehensive account in favor of the major role of convergence in evolutionary history. On the other hand, I will point out some of the weak points in the latter’s arguments supporting the deterministic view of life’s evolution. Although Conway Morris has been more successful in arguing for the deterministic nature of the evolutionary processes, both theses could be improved if their shortcomings are taken into consideration.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Contingency and Convergence in the Theory of Evolution: Stephen Jay Gould vs. Simon Conway Morris","attachmentId":92611554,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/88683459/Contingency_and_Convergence_in_the_Theory_of_Evolution_Stephen_Jay_Gould_vs_Simon_Conway_Morris","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/88683459/Contingency_and_Convergence_in_the_Theory_of_Evolution_Stephen_Jay_Gould_vs_Simon_Conway_Morris"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="34122392" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/34122392/There_is_Grandeur_in_This_View_of_Life_The_Bio_Philosophical_Implications_of_Convergent_Evolution">There is Grandeur in This View of Life: The Bio-Philosophical Implications of Convergent Evolution</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="66849302" href="https://nevada-reno.academia.edu/CarlosMariscal">Carlos Mariscal</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2014</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"There is Grandeur in This View of Life: The Bio-Philosophical Implications of Convergent Evolution","attachmentId":54111754,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/34122392/There_is_Grandeur_in_This_View_of_Life_The_Bio_Philosophical_Implications_of_Convergent_Evolution","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/34122392/There_is_Grandeur_in_This_View_of_Life_The_Bio_Philosophical_Implications_of_Convergent_Evolution"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="28957908" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/28957908/The_Wonderful_Crucible_of_Lifes_Creation_An_Essay_on_Contingency_versus_Inevitability_of_Phylogenetic_Development">The Wonderful Crucible of Life's Creation: An Essay on Contingency versus Inevitability of Phylogenetic Development</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="54413766" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RobHengeveld">Rob Hengeveld</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2000</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">In this paper I discuss the question of whether life processes are contingent or inevitable, particularly when viewed on a long, phylogenetic scale. In my opinion, this contrast does not exist. Rather, the perception of a dichotomy is the result of differences in how measurements are made or in the way data processing is carried out. Observations made in one</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The Wonderful Crucible of Life's Creation: An Essay on Contingency versus Inevitability of Phylogenetic Development","attachmentId":49398548,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/28957908/The_Wonderful_Crucible_of_Lifes_Creation_An_Essay_on_Contingency_versus_Inevitability_of_Phylogenetic_Development","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/28957908/The_Wonderful_Crucible_of_Lifes_Creation_An_Essay_on_Contingency_versus_Inevitability_of_Phylogenetic_Development"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="39972062" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/39972062/Macroevolution_evolving_Punctuated_equilibria_and_the_roots_of_Stephen_Jay_Goulds_second_macroevolutionary_synthesis">Macroevolution evolving: Punctuated equilibria and the roots of Stephen Jay Gould's second macroevolutionary synthesis</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="30278183" href="https://spanalumni.academia.edu/MaxDresow">Max Dresow</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2019</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Late in his career, Stephen Jay Gould claimed that the theory of punctuated equilibria had been the coordinating centerpiece of his work in evolutionary biology. In particular, Gould claimed that the theory coordinated two major themes in his work—the necessity of rendering evolution in a hierarchical context and the critique of the adaptationist programme in evolutionary biology. Yet punctuated equilibria was conceived neither as a support for hierarchy theory nor as a challenge to adaptationism. This raises the question: what caused Gould to foreswear adaptationism and to embrace a hierarchical view of evolution with PE at its center? If PE was not anti-adaptationist and hierarchical at the beginning, why did it become so by the end of the 1970s? A related question concerns how PE coexisted with Gould’s early views on macroevolution for nearly half a decade. How did Gould square his view that macroevolution consisted of mechanical improvement in higher taxa with his view that most evolutionary change is cramped into speciation events, which are stochastic with respect to the direction of ongoing cladal trends? This paper attempts to answer these questions, and in so doing, to shine a light on a major conceptual development in paleobiology: the reconceptualization of macroevolution during the 1970s and ‘80s.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Macroevolution evolving: Punctuated equilibria and the roots of Stephen Jay Gould's second macroevolutionary synthesis","attachmentId":60161718,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/39972062/Macroevolution_evolving_Punctuated_equilibria_and_the_roots_of_Stephen_Jay_Goulds_second_macroevolutionary_synthesis","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/39972062/Macroevolution_evolving_Punctuated_equilibria_and_the_roots_of_Stephen_Jay_Goulds_second_macroevolutionary_synthesis"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="39972045" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/39972045/Before_hierarchy_the_rise_and_fall_of_Stephen_Jay_Goulds_first_macroevolutionary_synthesis">Before hierarchy the rise and fall of Stephen Jay Gould's first macroevolutionary synthesis</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="30278183" href="https://spanalumni.academia.edu/MaxDresow">Max Dresow</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2017</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Few of Stephen Jay Gould's accomplishments in evolutionary biology have received more attention than his hierarchical theory of evolution, which postulates a causal discontinuity between micro-and macroevolutionary events. But Gould's hierarchical theory was his second attempt to supply a theoretical framework for macroevolutionary studies-and one he did not inaugurate until the mid-1970s. In this paper, I examine Gould's first attempt: a proposed fusion of theoretical morphology, multivariate biometry and the experimental study of adaptation in fossils. This early ''macroevolutionary synthesis'' was predicated on the notion that parallelism and convergence dominate the history of higher taxa, and moreover, that they can be explained in terms of adaptation leading to mechanical improvement. In this paper, I explore the origins and contents of Gould's first macroevo-lutionary synthesis, as well as the reasons for its downfall. In addition, I consider how various developments during the mid-1970s led Gould to identify hierarchy and constraint as the leading themes of macroevolutionary studies-and adaptation as a macroevolutionary red herring.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Before hierarchy the rise and fall of Stephen Jay Gould's first macroevolutionary synthesis","attachmentId":60161704,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/39972045/Before_hierarchy_the_rise_and_fall_of_Stephen_Jay_Goulds_first_macroevolutionary_synthesis","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/39972045/Before_hierarchy_the_rise_and_fall_of_Stephen_Jay_Goulds_first_macroevolutionary_synthesis"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="20258491" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/20258491/Macroevolution_is_more_than_repeated_rounds_of_microevolution">Macroevolution is more than repeated rounds of microevolution</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="7918390" href="https://independent.academia.edu/DouglasErwin">Douglas Erwin</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Evolution and Development, 2000</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Macroevolution is more than repeated rounds of microevolution","attachmentId":41246379,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/20258491/Macroevolution_is_more_than_repeated_rounds_of_microevolution","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/20258491/Macroevolution_is_more_than_repeated_rounds_of_microevolution"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="15176244" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/15176244/Contingency_and_the_explanation_of_evolutionary_trends">Contingency and the explanation of evolutionary trends</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="4001149" href="https://conncoll.academia.edu/DerekTurner">Derek Turner</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Biological Explanation: An Enquiry into the Diversity of Explanatory Patterns in the Life Sciences, edited by Christophe Malaterre and Pierre-Alain Braillard, Springer, 2015, pp. 73-90., 2015</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">One “big question” of macroevolutionary theory is the degree to which evolutionary history is contingent. A second “big question” is whether particular large-scale evolutionary trends, such as size increase or complexity increase, are passive or driven. Showing that a trend is passive or driven is a way of explaining it. These two “big questions” are related in both a superficial and a deep way. Superficially, defending historical contingency and showing that major trends are passive are two complementary ways of downplaying the importance of natural selection in evolutionary history. A passive trend is one that’s not explained by selection. In order to appreciate the deeper connection between the two issues, it is necessary to distinguish different senses of contingency (especially sensitivity to initial conditions vs. unbiased sorting). It’s plausible that passive trends are generally due to unbiased sorting processes. Serendipitously, thinking of contingency as unbiased sorting also helps to clarify its relationship to species selection, which some think of as biased sorting. Macroevolutionary theory thus turns out to have considerable unity.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Contingency and the explanation of evolutionary trends","attachmentId":38569113,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/15176244/Contingency_and_the_explanation_of_evolutionary_trends","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/15176244/Contingency_and_the_explanation_of_evolutionary_trends"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="36155715" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/36155715/Microevolutionary_Sequences_as_a_Fundamental_Concept_in_Macroevolutionary_Models">Microevolutionary Sequences as a Fundamental Concept in Macroevolutionary Models</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="21298856" href="https://columbia.academia.edu/WalterBock">Walter Bock</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Evolution, 1970</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Microevolutionary Sequences as a Fundamental Concept in Macroevolutionary Models","attachmentId":56048129,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/36155715/Microevolutionary_Sequences_as_a_Fundamental_Concept_in_Macroevolutionary_Models","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/36155715/Microevolutionary_Sequences_as_a_Fundamental_Concept_in_Macroevolutionary_Models"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="38276844" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/38276844/Orthogenetic_Predictability_Orderliness_and_Symmetry_in_Early_Macroevolutionary_Explanations">Orthogenetic Predictability: Orderliness and Symmetry in Early Macroevolutionary Explanations</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="15203181" href="https://uniroma3.academia.edu/DavidCeccarelli">David Ceccarelli</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Orthogenetic Predictability: Orderliness and Symmetry in Early Macroevolutionary Explanations, 2018</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Between the 1870s and the 1920s, orthogenetic theories spread among paleontologists and zoologists, and led to the proposal of several macroevolutionary “laws” and to hypotheses about the future evolution of taxonomic groups. This paper explores the historical and epistemological foundations of such explanations. By focusing on the interpretations of homoplastic phenomena within orthogenetic paleontology, we will argue that these models were based on a “methodological uniformitarianism”, that is, a law-like view of nature, and on the idea, professed by the well-known American paleontologist Edward Drinker Cope, that «in biologic evolution, as in ordinary, identical causes produce identical results». This principle became a shared tenet of early orthogenetic views, ranging from the functionalist explanations of homoplasy to the conceptualization of parallelism in terms of “latent homology”. This will enable us to reconsider orthogenesists’ critiques of Darwin’s notion of chance as the outcome of the nineteenth-century uniformitarian epistemology. Further, it will allow us to highlight the epistemological discontinuities that punctuated the history of macroevolutionary studies.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Orthogenetic Predictability: Orderliness and Symmetry in Early Macroevolutionary Explanations","attachmentId":61478081,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/38276844/Orthogenetic_Predictability_Orderliness_and_Symmetry_in_Early_Macroevolutionary_Explanations","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/38276844/Orthogenetic_Predictability_Orderliness_and_Symmetry_in_Early_Macroevolutionary_Explanations"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":53598200,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":53598200,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_53598200" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. You can download the paper by clicking the button above.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sidebar--container js-work-sidebar"><div class="ds-related-content--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="4950887" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/4950887/Review_of_Brett_Calcott_and_Kim_Sterelny_eds_The_Major_Transitions_in_Evolution_Revisitied">Review of Brett Calcott and Kim Sterelny, eds. The Major Transitions in Evolution Revisitied</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="4001149" href="https://conncoll.academia.edu/DerekTurner">Derek Turner</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Reports of the National Center for Science Education</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Review of Brett Calcott and Kim Sterelny, eds. The Major Transitions in Evolution Revisitied","attachmentId":35182934,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/4950887/Review_of_Brett_Calcott_and_Kim_Sterelny_eds_The_Major_Transitions_in_Evolution_Revisitied","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/4950887/Review_of_Brett_Calcott_and_Kim_Sterelny_eds_The_Major_Transitions_in_Evolution_Revisitied"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="10895664" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/10895664/Macroevolution_Explanation_Interpretation_and_Evidence">Macroevolution: Explanation, Interpretation and Evidence.</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="103763" href="https://lisboa.academia.edu/NathalieGontier">Nathalie Gontier</a><span>, </span><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="442252" href="https://unicatt.academia.edu/EmanueleSerrelli">Emanuele Serrelli</a><span>, </span><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="131479" href="https://unito.academia.edu/elenacasetta">elena casetta</a><span>, </span><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="231718" href="https://utk.academia.edu/AlyciaStigall">Alycia Stigall</a><span>, </span><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="34597309" href="https://gwu.academia.edu/MarkGrabowski">Mark Grabowski</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Macroevolution: Explanation, Interpretation and Evidence.","attachmentId":36681184,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/10895664/Macroevolution_Explanation_Interpretation_and_Evidence","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/10895664/Macroevolution_Explanation_Interpretation_and_Evidence"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="30866955" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/30866955/Against_Chance_Contingency_and_Randomness_in_Biological_Evolution">Against Chance, Contingency, and Randomness in Biological Evolution</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="2929503" href="https://eastern.academia.edu/TyroneMyers">Tyrone A Myers</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Against Chance, Contingency, and Randomness in Biological Evolution","attachmentId":51292367,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/30866955/Against_Chance_Contingency_and_Randomness_in_Biological_Evolution","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/30866955/Against_Chance_Contingency_and_Randomness_in_Biological_Evolution"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="31431688" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/31431688/Gouldian_arguments_and_the_sources_of_contingency">Gouldian arguments and the sources of contingency</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="1547884" href="https://cambridge.academia.edu/AdrianCurrie">Adrian Currie</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Gouldian arguments and the sources of contingency","attachmentId":51794257,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/31431688/Gouldian_arguments_and_the_sources_of_contingency","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/31431688/Gouldian_arguments_and_the_sources_of_contingency"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="37037762" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37037762/A_perspective_on_neo_Darwinism_2010_1">A perspective on (neo-)Darwinism (2010) 1</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="18043784" href="https://independent.academia.edu/DanielStrauss">Daniel Strauss</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"A perspective on (neo-)Darwinism (2010) 1","attachmentId":56987865,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/37037762/A_perspective_on_neo_Darwinism_2010_1","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/37037762/A_perspective_on_neo_Darwinism_2010_1"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="12088541" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/12088541/Prebiotic_world_macroevolution_and_Darwin_s_theory_a_new_insight">Prebiotic world, macroevolution, and Darwin��s theory: a new insight</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="30202740" href="https://biochange-lab.academia.edu/LuisBoto">Luis Boto</a><span>, </span><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="41653229" href="https://independent.academia.edu/IgnacioDoadrio">Ignacio Doadrio</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2009</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Prebiotic world, macroevolution, and Darwin��s theory: a new insight","attachmentId":46379685,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/12088541/Prebiotic_world_macroevolution_and_Darwin_s_theory_a_new_insight","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/12088541/Prebiotic_world_macroevolution_and_Darwin_s_theory_a_new_insight"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="92292726" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/92292726/CONTINGENCY_versus_INEVITABILITY_A_review_and_reinterpretation_of_Stephen_Jay_Goulds_book_WONDERFUL_LIFE_THE_BURGESS_SHALE_AND_THE_NATURE_OF_HISTORY_">CONTINGENCY versus INEVITABILITY A review and reinterpretation of Stephen Jay Gould's book "WONDERFUL LIFE -THE BURGESS SHALE AND THE NATURE OF HISTORY"</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="58677792" href="https://independent.academia.edu/DavidESPESSET">David ESPESSET</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2022</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"CONTINGENCY versus INEVITABILITY A review and reinterpretation of Stephen Jay Gould's book \"WONDERFUL LIFE -THE BURGESS SHALE AND THE NATURE OF HISTORY\"","attachmentId":95339350,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/92292726/CONTINGENCY_versus_INEVITABILITY_A_review_and_reinterpretation_of_Stephen_Jay_Goulds_book_WONDERFUL_LIFE_THE_BURGESS_SHALE_AND_THE_NATURE_OF_HISTORY_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/92292726/CONTINGENCY_versus_INEVITABILITY_A_review_and_reinterpretation_of_Stephen_Jay_Goulds_book_WONDERFUL_LIFE_THE_BURGESS_SHALE_AND_THE_NATURE_OF_HISTORY_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="20854070" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/20854070/Struggle_in_The_Structure_of_Evolutionary_Theory">Struggle in The Structure of Evolutionary Theory</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="6904021" href="https://pitt.academia.edu/StanleyShostak">Stanley Shostak</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">boundary 2, 2003</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Struggle in The Structure of Evolutionary Theory","attachmentId":41599369,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/20854070/Struggle_in_The_Structure_of_Evolutionary_Theory","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/20854070/Struggle_in_The_Structure_of_Evolutionary_Theory"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="10896124" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/10896124/Uniting_Micro_with_Macroevolution_into_an_Extended_Synthesis_Reintegrating_Life_s_Natural_History_into_Evolution_Studies">Uniting Micro- with Macroevolution into an Extended Synthesis: Reintegrating Life’s Natural History into Evolution Studies</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="103763" href="https://lisboa.academia.edu/NathalieGontier">Nathalie Gontier</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Uniting Micro- with Macroevolution into an Extended Synthesis: Reintegrating Life’s Natural History into Evolution Studies","attachmentId":36681476,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/10896124/Uniting_Micro_with_Macroevolution_into_an_Extended_Synthesis_Reintegrating_Life_s_Natural_History_into_Evolution_Studies","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/10896124/Uniting_Micro_with_Macroevolution_into_an_Extended_Synthesis_Reintegrating_Life_s_Natural_History_into_Evolution_Studies"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="20258476" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/20258476/A_Variable_Look_at_Evolution">A Variable Look at Evolution</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="7918390" href="https://independent.academia.edu/DouglasErwin">Douglas Erwin</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Cell, 2005</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"A Variable Look at Evolution","attachmentId":41246489,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/20258476/A_Variable_Look_at_Evolution","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/20258476/A_Variable_Look_at_Evolution"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="10" data-entity-id="114769214" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/114769214/THOM_GOULD_AND_THE_MORPHOLOGICAL_TRADITION_IN_SCIENCE">THOM, GOULD AND THE MORPHOLOGICAL TRADITION IN SCIENCE</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="1316325" href="https://unileon.academia.edu/JuanRamonAlvarez">Juan Ramón Álvarez</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"THOM, GOULD AND THE MORPHOLOGICAL TRADITION IN SCIENCE","attachmentId":111374825,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/114769214/THOM_GOULD_AND_THE_MORPHOLOGICAL_TRADITION_IN_SCIENCE","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/114769214/THOM_GOULD_AND_THE_MORPHOLOGICAL_TRADITION_IN_SCIENCE"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="11" data-entity-id="8098300" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/8098300/Metamorphoses_the_myth_of_evolutionary_possibility">Metamorphoses: the myth of evolutionary possibility</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="15687807" href="https://goldsmiths.academia.edu/SKember">Sarah Kember</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Metamorphoses: the myth of evolutionary possibility","attachmentId":34547387,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/8098300/Metamorphoses_the_myth_of_evolutionary_possibility","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/8098300/Metamorphoses_the_myth_of_evolutionary_possibility"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="12" data-entity-id="33297432" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/33297432/Gould_on_Species_Metaphysics_and_Macroevolution_A_Critical_Appraisal">Gould on Species, Metaphysics and Macroevolution: A Critical Appraisal</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="65047418" href="https://une-au.academia.edu/SandyBoucher">Sandy C Boucher</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Studies Hist Phil Biol Biomed Sciences, 2017</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Gould on Species, Metaphysics and Macroevolution: A Critical Appraisal","attachmentId":53362941,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/33297432/Gould_on_Species_Metaphysics_and_Macroevolution_A_Critical_Appraisal","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/33297432/Gould_on_Species_Metaphysics_and_Macroevolution_A_Critical_Appraisal"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="13" data-entity-id="70740104" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/70740104/Randomness_increases_biological_organization_a_mathematical_understanding_of_Goulds_critique_of_evolutionary_progress_1">Randomness increases biological organization: a mathematical understanding of Gould's critique of evolutionary progress 1</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="28744524" href="https://ens.academia.edu/Ma%C3%ABlMont%C3%A9vil">Maël Montévil</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2012</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Randomness increases biological organization: a mathematical understanding of Gould's critique of evolutionary progress 1","attachmentId":80362306,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/70740104/Randomness_increases_biological_organization_a_mathematical_understanding_of_Goulds_critique_of_evolutionary_progress_1","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/70740104/Randomness_increases_biological_organization_a_mathematical_understanding_of_Goulds_critique_of_evolutionary_progress_1"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="14" data-entity-id="9239270" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/9239270/A_rethink_of_evolution_and_the_construction_of_a_family_of_patterns_of_evolution_inside_and_outside_biology">A rethink of evolution, and the construction of a family of ‘patterns of evolution’ inside and outside biology</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="21917510" href="https://alterra.academia.edu/HendrikPieterSpijkerboer">Hendrik Pieter Spijkerboer</a><span>, </span><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="8137320" href="https://independent.academia.edu/GerardJagers">Gerard Jagers op Akkerhuis</a><span>, </span><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="21579619" href="https://independent.academia.edu/HansPeterKoelewijn">Hans Peter Koelewijn</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"A rethink of evolution, and the construction of a family of ‘patterns of evolution’ inside and outside biology","attachmentId":35510574,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/9239270/A_rethink_of_evolution_and_the_construction_of_a_family_of_patterns_of_evolution_inside_and_outside_biology","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/9239270/A_rethink_of_evolution_and_the_construction_of_a_family_of_patterns_of_evolution_inside_and_outside_biology"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="15" data-entity-id="8490440" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/8490440/_Evolutionary_theory_in_philosophical_focus_Wholly_revised_and_improved_version_of_a_2006_chapter_Handbook_of_paleoanthropology_Henke_and_Tattersall_eds_Springer_Reference_2014">"Evolutionary theory in philosophical focus.” (Wholly revised and improved version of a 2006 chapter.) Handbook of paleoanthropology. Henke & Tattersall (eds) Springer-Reference, 2014</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="237834" href="https://cnrs.academia.edu/philippehuneman">philippe huneman</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"\"Evolutionary theory in philosophical focus.” (Wholly revised and improved version of a 2006 chapter.) Handbook of paleoanthropology. Henke \u0026 Tattersall (eds) Springer-Reference, 2014","attachmentId":34871802,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/8490440/_Evolutionary_theory_in_philosophical_focus_Wholly_revised_and_improved_version_of_a_2006_chapter_Handbook_of_paleoanthropology_Henke_and_Tattersall_eds_Springer_Reference_2014","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/8490440/_Evolutionary_theory_in_philosophical_focus_Wholly_revised_and_improved_version_of_a_2006_chapter_Handbook_of_paleoanthropology_Henke_and_Tattersall_eds_Springer_Reference_2014"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="16" data-entity-id="67607834" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/67607834/Evolution_A_Theory_in_Crisis">Evolution: A Theory in Crisis</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="36936510" href="https://independent.academia.edu/michaeldenton1">michael denton</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">1986</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Evolution: A Theory in Crisis","attachmentId":78363201,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/67607834/Evolution_A_Theory_in_Crisis","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/67607834/Evolution_A_Theory_in_Crisis"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="17" data-entity-id="27396742" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/27396742/Macroevolution_and_microevolution_issues_of_time_scale_in_evolutionary_biology">Macroevolution and microevolution: issues of time scale in evolutionary biology</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="237834" href="https://cnrs.academia.edu/philippehuneman">philippe huneman</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Time in nature and the nature of time (edited by C. Bouton and P. Huneman)</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Macroevolution and microevolution: issues of time scale in evolutionary biology","attachmentId":47651247,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/27396742/Macroevolution_and_microevolution_issues_of_time_scale_in_evolutionary_biology","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/27396742/Macroevolution_and_microevolution_issues_of_time_scale_in_evolutionary_biology"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="18" data-entity-id="37228030" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37228030/Title_The_Domain_Relativity_of_Evolutionary_Contingency">Title: The Domain Relativity of Evolutionary Contingency</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="8338430" href="https://utoronto.academia.edu/CoryLewis">Cory Lewis</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Title: The Domain Relativity of Evolutionary Contingency","attachmentId":57179381,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/37228030/Title_The_Domain_Relativity_of_Evolutionary_Contingency","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/37228030/Title_The_Domain_Relativity_of_Evolutionary_Contingency"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="19" data-entity-id="86338006" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/86338006/Grant_Ramsey_and_Charles_H_Pence_eds_Chance_in_Evolution_Chicago_The_University_of_Chicago_Press_2016_384_pp_45">Grant Ramsey and Charles H. Pence (eds.), Chance in Evolution, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 2016, 384 pp., $45</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="7451477" href="https://univ-paris1.academia.edu/ThomasBonnin">Thomas Bonnin</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences, 2018</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Grant Ramsey and Charles H. Pence (eds.), Chance in Evolution, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 2016, 384 pp., $45","attachmentId":90809821,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/86338006/Grant_Ramsey_and_Charles_H_Pence_eds_Chance_in_Evolution_Chicago_The_University_of_Chicago_Press_2016_384_pp_45","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/86338006/Grant_Ramsey_and_Charles_H_Pence_eds_Chance_in_Evolution_Chicago_The_University_of_Chicago_Press_2016_384_pp_45"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="20" data-entity-id="59301275" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/59301275/A_review_of_Origination_of_organismal_form_beyond_the_gene_in_developmental_and_evolutionary_biology_the_Vienna_Series_in_Theoretical_Biology_edited_by_Gerd_B_Muller_and_Stuart_A_Newman">A review of Origination of organismal form: beyond the gene in developmental and evolutionary biology (the Vienna Series in Theoretical Biology) edited by Gerd B. Muller and Stuart A. Newman</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="153486341" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AlessandroMinelli3">Alessandro Minelli</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Evolution and Development, 2004</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"A review of Origination of organismal form: beyond the gene in developmental and evolutionary biology (the Vienna Series in Theoretical Biology) edited by Gerd B. Muller and Stuart A. Newman","attachmentId":73295931,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/59301275/A_review_of_Origination_of_organismal_form_beyond_the_gene_in_developmental_and_evolutionary_biology_the_Vienna_Series_in_Theoretical_Biology_edited_by_Gerd_B_Muller_and_Stuart_A_Newman","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/59301275/A_review_of_Origination_of_organismal_form_beyond_the_gene_in_developmental_and_evolutionary_biology_the_Vienna_Series_in_Theoretical_Biology_edited_by_Gerd_B_Muller_and_Stuart_A_Newman"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="21" data-entity-id="40894989" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/40894989/Pre_Biotic_Evolution_III_Transitioning_to_Animacy_One_Scientists_Overview_and_Perspectives">Pre-Biotic Evolution: III. Transitioning to Animacy One Scientist's Overview and Perspectives</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="33008939" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JosephGuth">Joseph Guth</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Pre-Biotic Evolution: III. Transitioning to Animacy One Scientist's Overview and Perspectives","attachmentId":61182009,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/40894989/Pre_Biotic_Evolution_III_Transitioning_to_Animacy_One_Scientists_Overview_and_Perspectives","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/40894989/Pre_Biotic_Evolution_III_Transitioning_to_Animacy_One_Scientists_Overview_and_Perspectives"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="22" data-entity-id="44134921" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/44134921/EVOLUTION_AND_THE_ARCHITECTURE_OF_LIFE">EVOLUTION AND THE ARCHITECTURE OF LIFE</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="11929836" href="https://uned.academia.edu/GiorgioAiroldi">Giorgio Airoldi</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2020</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"EVOLUTION AND THE ARCHITECTURE OF LIFE","attachmentId":64487019,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/44134921/EVOLUTION_AND_THE_ARCHITECTURE_OF_LIFE","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/44134921/EVOLUTION_AND_THE_ARCHITECTURE_OF_LIFE"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="23" data-entity-id="297901" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/297901/The_growth_of_structural_and_functional_complexity_during_evolution">The growth of structural and functional complexity during evolution</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="233596" href="https://vub.academia.edu/FrancisHeylighen">Francis Heylighen</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">The evolution of complexity: The violet book of “Einstein …</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The growth of structural and functional complexity during evolution","attachmentId":3243832,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/297901/The_growth_of_structural_and_functional_complexity_during_evolution","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/297901/The_growth_of_structural_and_functional_complexity_during_evolution"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="24" data-entity-id="40292781" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/40292781/Evolutionary_Progress_Stephen_Jay_Goulds_Rejection_and_Its_Critique">Evolutionary Progress: Stephen Jay Gould's Rejection and Its Critique</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="33536947" href="https://bnu.academia.edu/JianhuiLi">Jianhui Li</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Philosophy Study, 2019</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Evolutionary Progress: Stephen Jay Gould's Rejection and Its Critique","attachmentId":60531273,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/40292781/Evolutionary_Progress_Stephen_Jay_Goulds_Rejection_and_Its_Critique","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/40292781/Evolutionary_Progress_Stephen_Jay_Goulds_Rejection_and_Its_Critique"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div><div class="ds-related-content--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related topics</h2><div class="ds-research-interests--pills-container"><a class="js-related-research-interest ds-research-interests--pill" data-entity-id="155" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology">Evolutionary Biology</a><a class="js-related-research-interest ds-research-interests--pill" data-entity-id="803" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy">Philosophy</a><a class="js-related-research-interest ds-research-interests--pill" data-entity-id="821" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Science">Philosophy of Science</a><a class="js-related-research-interest ds-research-interests--pill" data-entity-id="15124" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Convergence">Convergence</a><a class="js-related-research-interest ds-research-interests--pill" data-entity-id="32011" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_psychology">Comparative psychology</a></div></div></div></div></div><div class="footer--content"><ul class="footer--main-links hide-on-mobile"><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/about">About</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/press">Press</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://medium.com/academia">Blog</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/documents">Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/topics">Topics</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/hiring"><svg style="width: 13px; height: 13px; position: relative; bottom: -1px;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="briefcase" class="svg-inline--fa fa-briefcase fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M320 336c0 8.84-7.16 16-16 16h-96c-8.84 0-16-7.16-16-16v-48H0v144c0 25.6 22.4 48 48 48h416c25.6 0 48-22.4 48-48V288H320v48zm144-208h-80V80c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48H176c-25.6 0-48 22.4-48 48v48H48c-25.6 0-48 22.4-48 48v80h512v-80c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48zm-144 0H192V96h128v32z"></path></svg> <strong>We're Hiring!</strong></a></li><li><a href="https://support.academia.edu/"><svg style="width: 12px; height: 12px; position: relative; bottom: -1px;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="question-circle" class="svg-inline--fa fa-question-circle fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M504 256c0 136.997-111.043 248-248 248S8 392.997 8 256C8 119.083 119.043 8 256 8s248 111.083 248 248zM262.655 90c-54.497 0-89.255 22.957-116.549 63.758-3.536 5.286-2.353 12.415 2.715 16.258l34.699 26.31c5.205 3.947 12.621 3.008 16.665-2.122 17.864-22.658 30.113-35.797 57.303-35.797 20.429 0 45.698 13.148 45.698 32.958 0 14.976-12.363 22.667-32.534 33.976C247.128 238.528 216 254.941 216 296v4c0 6.627 5.373 12 12 12h56c6.627 0 12-5.373 12-12v-1.333c0-28.462 83.186-29.647 83.186-106.667 0-58.002-60.165-102-116.531-102zM256 338c-25.365 0-46 20.635-46 46 0 25.364 20.635 46 46 46s46-20.636 46-46c0-25.365-20.635-46-46-46z"></path></svg> <strong>Help Center</strong></a></li></ul><ul class="footer--research-interests"><li>Find new research papers in:</li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physics">Physics</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry">Chemistry</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology">Biology</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Sciences">Health Sciences</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology">Ecology</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earth_Sciences">Earth Sciences</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science">Cognitive Science</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mathematics">Mathematics</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Science">Computer Science</a></li></ul><ul class="footer--legal-links hide-on-mobile"><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/terms">Terms</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/privacy">Privacy</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/copyright">Copyright</a></li><li>Academia ©2024</li></ul></div> </body> </html>