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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_Kingdom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>United Kingdom</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_Kingdom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Directly_elected_mayors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Directly_elected_mayors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.1</span> <span>Directly elected mayors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Directly_elected_mayors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Continental_Europe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Continental_Europe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Continental Europe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Continental_Europe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Scandinavia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Scandinavia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1</span> <span>Scandinavia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Scandinavia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spain" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spain"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.2</span> <span>Spain</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spain-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mayors_by_country" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mayors_by_country"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Mayors by country</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Mayors_by_country-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Mayors by country subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Mayors_by_country-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Armenia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Armenia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Armenia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Armenia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Australia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Australia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Australia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Australia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bangladesh" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bangladesh"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Bangladesh</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bangladesh-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Brazil" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Brazil"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Brazil</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Brazil-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Canada" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Canada"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Canada</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Canada-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Reeve" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reeve"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5.1</span> <span>Reeve</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reeve-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dominican_Republic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dominican_Republic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Dominican Republic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dominican_Republic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-France" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#France"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>France</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-France-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Germany" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Germany"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8</span> <span>Germany</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Germany-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Greece" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Greece"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.9</span> <span>Greece</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Greece-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-India" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#India"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.10</span> <span>India</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-India-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Indonesia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Indonesia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.11</span> <span>Indonesia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Indonesia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Iran" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iran"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.12</span> <span>Iran</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Iran-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ireland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ireland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.13</span> <span>Ireland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ireland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Italy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Italy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.14</span> <span>Italy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Italy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Japan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Japan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.15</span> <span>Japan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Japan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kazakhstan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kazakhstan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.16</span> <span>Kazakhstan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kazakhstan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Malaysia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Malaysia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.17</span> <span>Malaysia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Malaysia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Malta" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Malta"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.18</span> <span>Malta</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Malta-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Moldova" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Moldova"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.19</span> <span>Moldova</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Moldova-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nepal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nepal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.20</span> <span>Nepal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nepal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Netherlands" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Netherlands"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.21</span> <span>Netherlands</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Netherlands-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-New_Zealand" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_Zealand"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.22</span> <span>New Zealand</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_Zealand-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pakistan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pakistan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.23</span> <span>Pakistan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pakistan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Philippines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Philippines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.24</span> <span>Philippines</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Philippines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Poland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Poland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.25</span> <span>Poland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Poland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Portugal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Portugal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.26</span> <span>Portugal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Portugal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Romania" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Romania"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.27</span> <span>Romania</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Romania-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Russia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Russia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.28</span> <span>Russia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Russia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Serbia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Serbia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.29</span> <span>Serbia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Serbia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spain_and_Hispanic_America" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spain_and_Hispanic_America"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.30</span> <span>Spain and Hispanic America</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spain_and_Hispanic_America-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sweden" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sweden"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.31</span> <span>Sweden</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sweden-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Switzerland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Switzerland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.32</span> <span>Switzerland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Switzerland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Taiwan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Taiwan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.33</span> <span>Taiwan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Taiwan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Turkey" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Turkey"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.34</span> <span>Turkey</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Turkey-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ukraine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ukraine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.35</span> <span>Ukraine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ukraine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.36</span> <span>United States</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Multi-tier_local_government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Multi-tier_local_government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Multi-tier local government</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Multi-tier_local_government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Acting_mayor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Acting_mayor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Acting mayor</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Acting_mayor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-See_also-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle See also subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Concepts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Concepts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Concepts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Concepts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Local_government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Local_government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Local government</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Local_government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historical" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historical"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Historical</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historical-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-General_references" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General_references"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>General references</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-General_references-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Mayor</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 128 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-128" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">128 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burgemeester" title="Burgemeester – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Burgemeester" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%BCrgermeister" title="Bürgermeister – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Bürgermeister" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A8%E1%8A%95%E1%89%B2%E1%89%A3" title="ከንቲባ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ከንቲባ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A9" title="عمدة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="عمدة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcalde" title="Alcalde – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Alcalde" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcalde" title="Alcalde – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Alcalde" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%8D%D1%80" title="Мэр – Avaric" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Мэр" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avaric" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%87_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B4%DA%86%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="بلدیه باشچی‌سی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="بلدیه باشچی‌سی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="নগরপ্রধান – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="নগরপ্রধান" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%8D%D1%80" title="Мэр – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Мэр" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%8D%D1%80" title="Мэр – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Мэр" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%8D%D1%80" title="Мэр – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Мэр" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Кмет – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Кмет" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buagamoasta" title="Buagamoasta – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Buagamoasta" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gradona%C4%8Delnik" title="Gradonačelnik – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Gradonačelnik" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maer" title="Maer – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Maer" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batlle" title="Batlle – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Batlle" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkalde" title="Alkalde – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Alkalde" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starosta" title="Starosta – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Starosta" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maer" title="Maer – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Maer" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borgmester" title="Borgmester – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Borgmester" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A1tnejo%C4%91iheaddji" title="Sátnejođiheaddji – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Sátnejođiheaddji" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%BCrgermeister" title="Bürgermeister – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Bürgermeister" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linnapea" title="Linnapea – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Linnapea" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%94%CE%AE%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%81%CF%87%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Δήμαρχος – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Δήμαρχος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcalde" title="Alcalde – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Alcalde" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urbestro" title="Urbestro – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Urbestro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcaldi" title="Alcaldi – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Alcaldi" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkate" title="Alkate – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Alkate" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="شهردار – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="شهردار" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borgarstj%C3%B3ri" title="Borgarstjóri – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Borgarstjóri" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maire" title="Maire – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Maire" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boargemaster" title="Boargemaster – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Boargemaster" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meoir" title="Meoir – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Meoir" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Probhaist" title="Probhaist – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Probhaist" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcalde,_alcaldesa" title="Alcalde, alcaldesa – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Alcalde, alcaldesa" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%E1%B9%B3-ch%C3%B3ng" title="Sṳ-chóng – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Sṳ-chóng" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8B%9C%EC%9E%A5_(%ED%96%89%EC%A0%95%EA%B0%80)" title="시장 (행정가) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="시장 (행정가)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%94%D5%A1%D5%B2%D5%A1%D6%84%D5%A1%D5%BA%D5%A5%D5%BF" title="Քաղաքապետ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Քաղաքապետ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%B0" title="महापौर – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="महापौर" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gradona%C4%8Delnik" title="Gradonačelnik – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Gradonačelnik" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urbestro" title="Urbestro – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Urbestro" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mayor" title="Mayor – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Mayor" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wali_kota" title="Wali kota – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Wali kota" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burgomaestro" title="Burgomaestro – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Burgomaestro" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borgomastro" title="Borgomastro – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Borgomastro" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A6jarstj%C3%B3ri" title="Bæjarstjóri – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Bæjarstjóri" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sindaco" title="Sindaco – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Sindaco" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A9_%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%99%D7%94" title="ראש עירייה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ראש עירייה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walikutha" title="Walikutha – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Walikutha" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="მერი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მერი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%B9rm%C3%A9ster" title="Bùrméster – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Bùrméster" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%8D%D1%80" title="Мэр – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Мэр" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meya" title="Meya – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Meya" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%8D%D1%80" title="Мэр – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Мэр" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demarchus" title="Demarchus – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Demarchus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pa%C5%A1vald%C4%ABbas_vad%C4%ABt%C4%81js" title="Pašvaldības vadītājs – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Pašvaldības vadītājs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buergermeeschter" title="Buergermeeschter – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Buergermeeschter" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meras" title="Meras – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Meras" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scindico" title="Scindico – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Scindico" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%B6rgemeister" title="Börgemeister – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Börgemeister" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sindegh" title="Sindegh – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Sindegh" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B0" title="मेयर – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="मेयर" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Градоначалник – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Градоначалник" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ben%27_ny_tan%C3%A0na" title="Ben' ny tanàna – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Ben' ny tanàna" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BC" title="മേയർ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മേയർ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%B0" title="महापौर – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="महापौर" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="მერი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="მერი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="شهردار – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="شهردار" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datuk_bandar" title="Datuk bandar – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Datuk bandar" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wali_kota" title="Wali kota – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Wali kota" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B7%E1%80%90%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9D%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA" title="မြို့တော်ဝန် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="မြို့တော်ဝန်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burgemeester" title="Burgemeester – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Burgemeester" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borgemeister" title="Borgemeister – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Borgemeister" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%96" title="नगरप्रमुख – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="नगरप्रमुख" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B8%82%E7%94%BA%E6%9D%91%E9%95%B7" title="市町村長 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="市町村長" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%BCrgerm%C3%A4%C3%A4ster" title="Bürgermääster – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Bürgermääster" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordf%C3%B8rer" title="Ordfører – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Ordfører" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primi%C3%A8r_c%C3%B2nsol" title="Primièr cònsol – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Primièr cònsol" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%B9" title="Олавуй – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Олавуй" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burgomistr" title="Burgomistr – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Burgomistr" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%B0" title="ਮੇਅਰ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮੇਅਰ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pfl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pfl.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%BCrgermeister" title="Bürgermeister – Palatine German" lang="pfl" hreflang="pfl" data-title="Bürgermeister" data-language-autonym="Pälzisch" data-language-local-name="Palatine German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pälzisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mayor" title="Mayor – Pangasinan" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Mayor" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="Pangasinan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangasinan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%A6%D8%B1" title="میئر – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="میئر" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%B6rgermeester" title="Börgermeester – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Börgermeester" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burmistrz" title="Burmistrz – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Burmistrz" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prefeito" title="Prefeito – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Prefeito" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primar" title="Primar – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Primar" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuraka" title="Kuraka – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Kuraka" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%8D%D1%80" title="Мэр – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Мэр" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mayor" title="Mayor – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Mayor" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kryetari_i_bashkis%C3%AB" title="Kryetari i bashkisë – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kryetari i bashkisë" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%ACnnacu" title="Sìnnacu – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Sìnnacu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%9C%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B0%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B4%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92" title="නගරාධිපති – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="නගරාධිපති" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mayor" title="Mayor – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Mayor" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%DA%BE%D8%B1_%D8%AC%D9%88_%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B8%D9%85" title="شھر جو ناظم – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="شھر جو ناظم" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starosta" title="Starosta – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Starosta" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDupan" title="Župan – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Župan" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burmistrz" title="Burmistrz – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Burmistrz" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duqa_magaalada" title="Duqa magaalada – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Duqa magaalada" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%95%D8%B1%DB%86%DA%A9%DB%8C_%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%95%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C" title="سەرۆکی شارەوانی – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="سەرۆکی شارەوانی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Градоначелник – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Градоначелник" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gradona%C4%8Delnik" title="Gradonačelnik – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Gradonačelnik" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walikota" title="Walikota – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Walikota" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pormestari" title="Pormestari – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Pormestari" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borgm%C3%A4stare" title="Borgmästare – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Borgmästare" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkalde" title="Alkalde – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Alkalde" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%88" title="நகரத்தந்தை – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நகரத்தந்தை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%8D%D1%80" title="Мэр – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Мэр" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%81%B6%E1%80%AF%E1%81%BC%E1%80%BA%E1%80%95%E1%80%BD%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9D%E1%80%B5%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="ၶုၼ်ပွင်ဝဵင်း – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="ၶုၼ်ပွင်ဝဵင်း" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D" title="మేయర్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="మేయర్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belediye_ba%C5%9Fkan%C4%B1" title="Belediye başkanı – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Belediye başkanı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80" title="Бургомистр – Tuvinian" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Бургомистр" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="Tuvinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Мер – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Мер" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B8%D9%85_%D8%B4%DB%81%D8%B1" title="ناظم شہر – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ناظم شہر" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%ACndico" title="Sìndico – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Sìndico" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%E1%BB%8B_tr%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Fng" title="Thị trưởng – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thị trưởng" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mayeur" title="Mayeur – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Mayeur" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-guc mw-list-item"><a href="https://guc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sa%27atkaattein" title="Sa'atkaattein – Wayuu" lang="guc" hreflang="guc" data-title="Sa'atkaattein" data-language-autonym="Wayuunaiki" data-language-local-name="Wayuu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wayuunaiki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burgem%C3%AAester" title="Burgemêester – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Burgemêester" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkalde" title="Alkalde – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Alkalde" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B8%82%E9%95%BF" title="市长 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="市长" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%92%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%A2%D7%A8" title="בירגערמייסטער – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="בירגערמייסטער" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ba%C3%A1l%E1%BA%B9%CC%80" title="Baálẹ̀ – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Baálẹ̀" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B8%82%E9%95%B7" title="市長 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="市長" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mers" title="Mers – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Mers" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B8%82%E9%95%BF" title="市长 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="市长" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" 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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Head of municipal government such as a town or city</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Mayor_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Mayor (disambiguation)">Mayor (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Major_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Major 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a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks plainlist" style="width:20.0em;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Politics" title="Category:Politics">the Politics series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="padding-bottom:0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/Executive_(government)" title="Executive (government)">Executive government</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#eee;"> <a href="/wiki/Head_of_state" title="Head of state">Head of state</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.2em;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monarch" title="Monarch">Monarch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_leader" title="Supreme leader">Supreme leader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_(government_title)" title="President (government title)">President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_council_of_state" title="President of the council of state">President of the council of state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dictator" title="Dictator">Dictator</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#eee;"> <a href="/wiki/Government" title="Government">Government</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.2em;"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Head_of_government" title="Head of government">Head of government</a></b> <div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chancellor" title="Chancellor">Chancellor</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_executive_(gubernatorial)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief executive (gubernatorial)">Chief executive</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_minister" title="Chief minister">Chief minister</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/First_minister" title="First minister">First minister</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Minister-president" title="Minister-president">Minister-president</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Premier" title="Premier">Premier</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Prime_minister" title="Prime minister">Prime minister</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Council_of_Ministers" title="President of the Council of Ministers">President of the Council of Ministers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_government" title="President of the government">President of the government</a></li></ul></div></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.2em;;padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_(government)" title="Cabinet (government)">Cabinet</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/Government_formation" title="Government formation">Government formation</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_collective_responsibility" title="Cabinet collective responsibility">Cabinet collective responsibility</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Ministry_(collective_executive)" title="Ministry (collective executive)">Ministry</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_secretary" title="Cabinet secretary">Secretary</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.2em;;padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Ministry_(government_department)" title="Ministry (government department)">Ministry</a></b> <div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Minister_(government)" title="Minister (government)">Minister</a> (<a href="/wiki/Minister_of_State" title="Minister of State">State</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_the_Crown" title="Minister of the Crown">Crown</a>)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_state" title="Secretary of state">Secretary</a></li></ul></div></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.2em;;padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><b>Other</b> <div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commissary" title="Commissary">Commissary</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Commissioner" title="Commissioner">Commissioner</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Governor" title="Governor">Governor</a></li><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mayor</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Presidency" title="Presidency">Presidency</a></li></ul></div></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#eee;"> <a href="/wiki/Government" title="Government">Systems</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.2em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy" title="Monarchy">Monarchy</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Constitutional_monarchy" title="Constitutional monarchy">Constitutional</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic" title="Republic">Republic</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_republic" title="Parliamentary republic">Parliamentary</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Directorial_system" title="Directorial system">Directorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_system" title="Parliamentary system">Parliamentary</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Westminster_system" title="Westminster system">Westminster</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semi-parliamentary_system" title="Semi-parliamentary system">Semi-parliamentary</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Aut_simul_stabunt_aut_simul_cadent" title="Aut simul stabunt aut simul cadent"><i>simul simul</i></a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semi-presidential_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Semi-presidential system">Semi-presidential</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Cohabitation_(government)" title="Cohabitation (government)">cohabitational</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_system" title="Presidential system">Presidential</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#eee;"> Lists</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.2em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_governments" title="List of national governments">National governments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_heads_of_state_and_government" title="List of current heads of state and government">Heads of state and government</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="background:#eee;"> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Executive" title="Template:Executive"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Executive" title="Template talk:Executive"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Executive" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Executive"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In many countries, a <b>mayor</b> is the highest-ranking <a href="/wiki/Official" title="Official">official</a> in a <a href="/wiki/Municipal_corporation" title="Municipal corporation">municipal government</a> such as that of a <a href="/wiki/City" title="City">city</a> or a <a href="/wiki/Town" title="Town">town</a>. Worldwide, there is a wide <a href="/wiki/Variance" title="Variance">variance</a> in local laws and customs regarding the powers and responsibilities of a mayor as well as the means by which a mayor is elected or otherwise mandated. Depending on the system chosen, a mayor may be the chief executive officer of the municipal government, may simply chair a multi-member governing body with little or no independent power, or may play a solely ceremonial role. A mayor's duties and responsibilities may be to appoint and oversee municipal managers and employees, provide basic governmental services to constituents, and execute the laws and ordinances passed by a municipal governing body (or mandated by a state, territorial or national governing body). Options for selection of a mayor include direct election by the public, or selection by an elected governing council or board. </p><p>The term <i>mayor</i> shares a linguistic origin with the military rank of <i><a href="/wiki/Major_(rank)" title="Major (rank)">major</a></i>, both ultimately derived from French <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">majeur</i></span>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mayor&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_Kingdom">United Kingdom</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mayor&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: United Kingdom"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="anchor" id="England"></span><span class="anchor" id="Scotland"></span><span class="anchor" id="Wales"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"></p><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Mayors_in_England" title="Mayors in England">Mayors in England</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mayors_in_Wales" title="Mayors in Wales">Mayors in Wales</a></div> <p>In modern England and Wales, the position of mayor descends from the feudal lord's <a href="/wiki/Bailiff" title="Bailiff">bailiff</a> or <a href="/wiki/Reeve_(England)" title="Reeve (England)">reeve</a> (<i>see <a href="/wiki/Borough" title="Borough">borough</a></i>). The <a href="/wiki/Chief_magistrate" title="Chief magistrate">chief magistrate</a> of <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> bore the title of <a href="/wiki/Portreeve" title="Portreeve">portreeve</a> for considerably more than a century after the <a href="/wiki/Norman_Conquest" title="Norman Conquest">Norman Conquest</a>. This official was elected by popular choice, a privilege secured from <a href="/wiki/John,_King_of_England" title="John, King of England">King John</a>. By the beginning of the 12th century, the title of portreeve gave way to that of mayor as the designation of the chief officer of London, followed around 1190 by that of <a href="/wiki/Winchester" title="Winchester">Winchester</a>. Other boroughs adopted the title later. </p><p>In the 19th century, the <a href="/wiki/Municipal_Corporations_Act_1882" title="Municipal Corporations Act 1882">Municipal Corporations Act 1882</a>, Section 15, regulated the election of mayors. The mayor was to be a fit person elected annually on 9 November by the council of the borough from among the aldermen or councilors or persons qualified to be such. His term of office was one year, but he was eligible for re-election. He might appoint a deputy to act during illness or absence, and such deputy must be either an alderman or councilor. A mayor who was absent from the borough for more than two months became disqualified and had to vacate his office. A mayor was <i>ex officio</i> a <a href="/wiki/Justice_of_the_peace" title="Justice of the peace">justice of the peace</a> for the borough during his year of office and the following year. He received such remuneration as the council thought reasonable. These provisions have now been repealed. </p><p>In medieval Wales, the <a href="/wiki/Laws_of_Hywel_Dda" class="mw-redirect" title="Laws of Hywel Dda">Laws of Hywel Dda</a> codified the mayor (<a href="/wiki/Medieval_Latin" title="Medieval Latin">Latin</a>: <i><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">maior</i></span></i>; <a href="/wiki/Welsh_language" title="Welsh language">Welsh</a>: <i><span title="Welsh-language text"><i lang="cy">maer</i></span></i>) as a position at the <a href="/wiki/Welsh_kingdoms" class="mw-redirect" title="Welsh kingdoms">royal courts</a> charged with administering the serfs of the <a href="/wiki/Demesne" title="Demesne">king's lands</a>. To maintain its dependence on and loyalty to the Crown, the position was forbidden to the leaders of the clan groups.<sup id="cite_ref-HyDda_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HyDda-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A separate mayor, known as the "cow dung mayor" (<span title="Welsh-language text"><i lang="cy">maer biswail</i></span>), was charged with overseeing the royal cattle.<sup id="cite_ref-HyDda_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HyDda-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There were similar offices at the Scottish and Irish courts.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The office of <a href="/wiki/Mayors_and_provosts_in_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Mayors and provosts in the United Kingdom">mayor</a> in most modern English and Welsh boroughs and towns did not in the 20th century entail any important administrative duties and was generally regarded as an honor conferred for local distinction, long service on the council, or for past services. The mayor was expected to devote much of their time to civic, ceremonial, and representational functions, and to preside over meetings for the advancement of the public welfare. The administrative duties of mayors were to act as returning officer at parliamentary elections and to chair the meetings of the council. </p><p>The mayor of a <a href="/wiki/Town_council" title="Town council">town council</a> is officially known as "town mayor" (although in popular parlance, the word <i>town</i> is often dropped). The person is known as "mayor" regardless of gender; the partner of a mayor is sometimes known as the "mayoress". Since the <a href="/wiki/Local_Government_Act_1972" title="Local Government Act 1972">1974 local government reforms</a>, mayors are also appointed to English <a href="/wiki/Local_government_districts" class="mw-redirect" title="Local government districts">local government districts</a> which have <a href="/wiki/Borough_status_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Borough status in the United Kingdom">borough status</a>. This results in mayors of districts which include towns which also have separate mayors. In districts which do not have borough status, the role of civic leader is taken by the chairman of the council, who undertakes exactly the same functions as a mayor of a district with borough status. </p><p>Many major cities in the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> and throughout the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth</a> have a <a href="/wiki/Lord_mayor" title="Lord mayor">lord mayor</a>, a special recognition bestowed by the <a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Monarchy of the United Kingdom">sovereign</a>. Although the position is often ceremonial, with executive responsibilities under the control of an elected mayor, lord mayors in several Commonwealth cities including <a href="/wiki/Belfast" title="Belfast">Belfast</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cardiff" title="Cardiff">Cardiff</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brisbane" title="Brisbane">Brisbane</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a> hold both ceremonial and executive duties. Some lord mayors, including the <a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors,_lord_mayors_and_administrators_of_Sydney" title="List of mayors, lord mayors and administrators of Sydney">Lord Mayor of Sydney (Australia)</a>, are elected.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a> the post holders are known as convenors, <a href="/wiki/Provost_(civil)" title="Provost (civil)">provosts</a>, or lord provosts depending on the local authority. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Directly_elected_mayors">Directly elected mayors</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mayor&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Directly elected mayors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Directly_elected_mayors_in_England" title="Directly elected mayors in England">Directly elected mayors in England</a></div> <p>Since <a href="/wiki/Local_Government_Act_2000" title="Local Government Act 2000">reforms</a> introduced in 2000, a number of English local authorities have <a href="/wiki/Elected_mayors_in_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Elected mayors in the United Kingdom">directly elected mayors</a> who combine the "civic" mayor role with that of <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_council" class="mw-redirect" title="Leader of the council">leader of the council</a> and have significantly greater powers than either.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Areas which now have directly elected mayors include cities, local government districts which cover several towns and rural areas, and since 2014 <a href="/wiki/Combined_authority" class="mw-redirect" title="Combined authority">combined authority</a> areas which include two or more local authority districts. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Continental_Europe">Continental Europe</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mayor&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Continental Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_the_palace" title="Mayor of the palace">Mayor of the palace</a> and <a href="/wiki/Podest%C3%A0" title="Podestà">Podestà</a></div> <p>The original <a href="/wiki/Franks" title="Franks">Frankish</a> mayors or majordomos were – like the Welsh <span title="Welsh-language text"><i lang="cy">meiri</i></span> – lords commanding the king's lands around the <a href="/wiki/Merovingians" class="mw-redirect" title="Merovingians">Merovingian</a> courts in <a href="/wiki/Austrasia" title="Austrasia">Austrasia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Burgundy" title="Kingdom of Burgundy">Burgundy</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Neustria" title="Neustria">Neustria</a>. The mayorship of Paris eventually became hereditary in the <a href="/wiki/Pippinids" title="Pippinids">Pippinids</a>, who later established the <a href="/wiki/Carolingian_dynasty" title="Carolingian dynasty">Carolingian dynasty</a>. </p><p>In modern <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, since the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">Revolution</a>, a mayor (<span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">maire</i></span>) and a number of mayoral adjuncts (<span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">adjoints au maire</i></span>) are selected by the municipal council from among their number. Most of the administrative work is left in their hands, with the full council meeting comparatively infrequently. The model was copied throughout Europe in Britain's mayors, Italy's <a href="/wiki/Sindaco" class="mw-redirect" title="Sindaco">sindacos</a>, most of the German states' <a href="/wiki/Burgomaster" title="Burgomaster">burgomasters</a>, and Portugal's <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Municipal_Chamber" title="President of the Municipal Chamber">presidents of the municipal chambers</a>. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Medieval_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Medieval Italy">Medieval Italy</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Italian_city-states" title="Italian city-states">city-states</a> who did not consider themselves independent principalities or dukedoms – particularly those of the Imperial <a href="/wiki/Ghibelline" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghibelline">Ghibelline</a> faction – were led by <span title="Italian-language text"><span lang="it" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Podest%C3%A0" title="Podestà">podestàs</a></span></span>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greek</a> equivalent of a mayor is the <a href="/wiki/Demarch" class="mw-redirect" title="Demarch">demarch</a> (<a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>: <span lang="el">δήμαρχος</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Literal_translation" title="Literal translation">lit.</a> </small>'<a href="/wiki/Archon" title="Archon">archon</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Deme" title="Deme">deme</a>'). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Scandinavia">Scandinavia</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mayor&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Scandinavia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a> all <a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Denmark" title="Municipalities of Denmark">municipalities</a> are led by a political official called <i><a href="/wiki/Burgomaster" title="Burgomaster">borgmester</a></i>, 'mayor'. The mayor of <a href="/wiki/Copenhagen" title="Copenhagen">Copenhagen</a> is however called <i><a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Copenhagen" class="mw-redirect" title="List of mayors of Copenhagen">overborgmester</a></i> 'lord mayor'. In that city other mayors, <span title="Danish-language text"><i lang="da">borgmestre</i></span> (plural), are subordinate to the lord mayor with different undertakings, like ministers to a prime minister. In other municipalities in Denmark there is only a single mayor. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1389-09-04,_brev_Iserlohn.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/1389-09-04%2C_brev_Iserlohn.jpg/220px-1389-09-04%2C_brev_Iserlohn.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/1389-09-04%2C_brev_Iserlohn.jpg/330px-1389-09-04%2C_brev_Iserlohn.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/1389-09-04%2C_brev_Iserlohn.jpg/440px-1389-09-04%2C_brev_Iserlohn.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2682" data-file-height="1659" /></a><figcaption>Document of 1389 on the election of the <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Stockholm" class="mw-redirect" title="Mayor of Stockholm">Mayor of Stockholm</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a> the mayoral title <span title="Norwegian-language text"><i lang="no">borgermester</i></span><i>/</i><span title="Swedish-language text"><i lang="sv">borgmästare</i></span> has now been abolished. Norway abolished it in 1937 as a title of the non-political top manager of (city) municipalities and replaced it with the title <span title="Norwegian-language text"><i lang="no">rådmann</i></span> ('<a href="/wiki/Alderman" title="Alderman">alderman</a>' or '<a href="/wiki/Magistrate" title="Magistrate">magistrate</a>'), which is still in use when referring to the top managers of the <a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="Municipalities of Norway">municipalities of Norway</a>. The top <i>elected</i> official of the municipalities of Norway, on the other hand, has the title <span title="Norwegian-language text"><i lang="no">ordfører</i></span>, which actually means 'word-bearer', i.e. 'chairperson' or 'president', an equivalent to the Swedish word <i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ordf%C3%B6rande" class="extiw" title="wikt:ordförande">ordförande</a></i>. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a> <span title="Swedish-language text"><i lang="sv">borgmästare</i></span> was a title of the senior judge of the courts of the cities, courts which were called <span title="Swedish-language text"><i lang="sv">rådhusrätt</i></span>, literally 'town hall court', somewhat of an equivalent to an English <a href="/wiki/Magistrates%27_court_(England_and_Wales)" title="Magistrates' court (England and Wales)">magistrates' court</a>. These courts were abolished in 1971. Until 1965, these mayor judges on historical grounds also performed some administrative functions in the board of magistrates, in Swedish known collectively as <span title="Swedish-language text"><i lang="sv">magistrat</i></span>. Until 1965 there were also municipal mayors (<span title="Swedish-language text"><i lang="sv">kommunalborgmästare</i></span>), who had these non-political administrative roles in smaller cities without a magistrates' court or <span title="Swedish-language text"><i lang="sv">magistrat</i></span>. This office was an invention of the 20th century as the smaller cities in Sweden during the first half of the 20th century subsequently lost their own courts and magistrates. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Arthur-Castren.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Arthur-Castren.jpg/170px-Arthur-Castren.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Arthur-Castren.jpg/255px-Arthur-Castren.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Arthur-Castren.jpg/340px-Arthur-Castren.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2309" data-file-height="3256" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Castr%C3%A9n" title="Arthur Castrén">Arthur Castrén</a> (1866–1946), the <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Helsinki" class="mw-redirect" title="Mayor of Helsinki">Mayor of Helsinki</a>, in the 1930s</figcaption></figure> <p>In the 16th century in Sweden, king <a href="/wiki/Gustav_Vasa" title="Gustav Vasa">Gustav Vasa</a> considerably centralised government and appointed the mayors directly. In 1693 king <a href="/wiki/Charles_XI" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles XI">Charles XI</a> accepted a compromise after repeated petitions from the Estate of the Burgesses over decades against the royal mayor appointments. The compromise was that the burgesses in a city could normally nominate a mayor under the supervision of the local governor. The nominee was then to be presented to and appointed by the king, but the king could appoint mayors directly in exceptional cases. This was codified in the <a href="/wiki/Instrument_of_Government" title="Instrument of Government">Instrument of Government</a> of 1720 and on 8 July the same year <a href="/wiki/Privy_Council_of_Sweden" title="Privy Council of Sweden">Riksrådet ("the Council of the Realm")</a> decided, after a petition from the said Estate, that only the city could present nominees, not the king or anyone else. Thus the supervision of the local governor and directly appointed mayors by the king ceased after 1720 (the so-called <a href="/wiki/Age_of_Liberty" title="Age of Liberty">Age of Liberty</a>). On 16 October 1723, it was decided after a petition that the city should present three nominees, of whom the king (or the Council of the Realm) appointed one.<sup id="cite_ref-NF_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NF-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was kept as a rule from then on in all later regulations<sup id="cite_ref-NF_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NF-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was also kept as a tradition in the <a href="/wiki/Instrument_of_Government_(1809)" title="Instrument of Government (1809)">1809 Instrument of Government</a> (<a class="external text" href="https://sv.wikisource.org/wiki/Regeringsform_1809#.C2.A731.">§ 31</a>) until 1965. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a>, there are two mayors, in <a href="/wiki/Tampere" title="Tampere">Tampere</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pirkkala" title="Pirkkala">Pirkkala</a>. Usually in Finland the highest executive official is not democratically elected, but is appointed to a public office by the city council, and is called simply <span title="Finnish-language text"><i lang="fi">kaupunginjohtaja</i></span> 'city manager' or <span title="Finnish-language text"><i lang="fi">kunnanjohtaja</i></span> 'municipal manager', depending on whether the municipality defines itself as a city. The term <span title="Finnish-language text"><i lang="fi">pormestari</i></span> 'mayor', from Swedish <span title="Swedish-language text"><i lang="sv">borgmästare</i></span> confusingly on historical grounds has referred to the highest official in the registry office and in the city courts (abolished in 1993) as in Sweden, not the city manager. In addition, <span title="Finnish-language text"><i lang="fi">pormestari</i></span> is also an honorary title, which may be given for distinguished service in the post of the city manager. The city manager of Helsinki is called <span title="Finnish-language text"><i lang="fi">ylipormestari</i></span>, which translates to 'chief mayor', for historical reasons. Furthermore, the term <i>city manager</i> may be seen translated as <i>mayor</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Spain">Spain</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mayor&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Spain"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The office of the <i><a href="/wiki/Alcalde" title="Alcalde">Alcalde</a></i> evolved during the <a href="/wiki/Reconquista" title="Reconquista">Reconquista</a> as new lands were settled by the expanding kingdoms of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Le%C3%B3n" title="Kingdom of León">León</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Castile" title="Kingdom of Castile">Castile</a>. As fortified settlements in the area between the <a href="/wiki/Douro" title="Douro">Douro</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tagus" title="Tagus">Tagus</a> rivers became true urban centers, they gained, from their <a href="/wiki/Feudalism" title="Feudalism">feudal lords</a> or the kings of Leon and Castile, the right to have councils. Among the rights that these councils had was to elect a municipal judge (<span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">iudex</i></span> in <a href="/wiki/Medieval_Latin" title="Medieval Latin">Latin</a> and <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">juez</i></span> in Spanish). These judges were assisted in their duties by various assistant judges, called <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">alcaldes</i></span>, whose number depended on the number of parishes the town had.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The title <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">alcalde</i></span> was <a href="/wiki/Loanword" title="Loanword">borrowed</a> from the Arabic <i><a href="/wiki/Qadi" title="Qadi">al-qaḍi</a></i> (<span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">قاضي</span></span>), meaning 'the judge'.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The word <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">alcalde</i></span> originally was used for simple judges, as in <a href="/wiki/Andalusian_Arabic" class="mw-redirect" title="Andalusian Arabic">Andalusian Arabic</a>. Only later was it applied to the presiding municipal magistrate.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This early use continued to be reflected in its other uses, such as <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">alcaldes del crimen</i></span>, the judges in the <i><a href="/wiki/Audiencia_Real" class="mw-redirect" title="Audiencia Real">audiencias</a></i>; <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Alcaldes de la Casa y Corte de Su Majestad</i></span>, who formed the highest tribunal in Castile and also managed the royal court; <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">alcaldes mayores</i></span>, a synonym for <a href="/wiki/Corregidor_(position)" title="Corregidor (position)"><i>corregidor</i></a>; and <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">alcaldes de barrio</i></span>, who were roughly the equivalent of British <a href="/wiki/Parish_constable" title="Parish constable">parish constables</a>. Because of this, the municipal <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">alcalde</i></span> was often referred to as an <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">alcalde ordinario</i></span>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mayors_by_country">Mayors by country</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mayor&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Mayors by country"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Armenia">Armenia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mayor&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Armenia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Yerevan" title="Mayor of Yerevan">Mayor of Yerevan</a></div> <p>Mayors in <a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a> are the head of the executive branch of <a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Armenia" title="Municipalities of Armenia">municipal government</a>. Mayors are often elected by the respective city council and serve for a five-year term. The mayor heads the community administration, nominates members of the administration to various posts, and oversees the municipal budget.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Australia">Australia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mayor&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Australia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Australian councils, the mayor is generally the member of the council who acts as a ceremonial figurehead at official functions, as well as carrying the authority of the council between meetings. Mayoral decisions made between meetings are subject to council and may be confirmed or repealed if necessary. Mayors in Australia may be elected either directly through a ballot for the position of mayor at a local-government election, or alternatively may be elected from within the council at a meeting. </p><p>The civic regalia and insignia of local government have basically remained unaltered for centuries. For ceremonial occasions a mayor may wear robes, a <a href="/wiki/Livery_collar" title="Livery collar">mayoral chain</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Ceremonial_mace" title="Ceremonial mace">mace</a>. Mayors have the title of <i><a href="/wiki/Worship_(style)" title="Worship (style)">His/Her Worship</a></i> whilst holding the position. </p><p>In councils where <a href="/wiki/Councillors" class="mw-redirect" title="Councillors">councillors</a> are elected representing political parties, the mayor is normally the leader of the party receiving the most seats on council. In <a href="/wiki/Queensland" title="Queensland">Queensland</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Lord_mayor" title="Lord mayor">lord mayor</a> and mayors are elected by popular vote at the general council election. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mayor&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Bangladesh"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_city_corporations_in_Bangladesh" title="List of city corporations in Bangladesh">List of city corporations in Bangladesh</a></div> <p>Mayors in <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a> are elected every five years. They are very powerful in municipal government. The mayor is the highest-ranking official in municipal governments in Bangladesh. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Brazil">Brazil</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mayor&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Brazil"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Every municipality in Brazil elects a mayor (Portuguese: <span title="Portuguese-language text"><i lang="pt">prefeito/prefeita</i></span>) and a vice-mayor (Portuguese: <span title="Portuguese-language text"><i lang="pt">vice-prefeito/vice-prefeita</i></span>) for a four-year term, acting as an executive officer with the city council (Portuguese: <span title="Portuguese-language text"><i lang="pt">Câmara Municipal</i></span>) functioning with legislative powers. The mayor can be re-elected and manage the city for two consecutive terms.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mayoral elections in Brazil occur in two different ways: in municipalities with more than 200,000 inhabitants, the voting happens in a <a href="/wiki/Two-round_system" title="Two-round system">two-round system</a>, like the <a href="/wiki/Presidential_elections_in_Brazil" title="Presidential elections in Brazil">presidential</a> and <a href="/wiki/Federative_units_of_Brazil" title="Federative units of Brazil">gubernatorial</a> elections. In municipalities with less than 200,000 inhabitants, the voting happens in a <a href="/wiki/Plurality_(voting)" title="Plurality (voting)">relative majority system</a> (with only one round).<sup id="cite_ref-auto_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Brazilian system works similarly to the <a href="/wiki/Mayor-council_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Mayor-council government">mayor-council government</a> in the United States. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Canada">Canada</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mayor&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Canada"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_Canada" title="Local government in Canada">Local government in Canada</a> and <a href="/wiki/Municipal_elections_in_Canada" title="Municipal elections in Canada">Municipal elections in Canada</a></div> <p>The chief executives of <a href="/wiki/Borough#Canada" title="Borough">boroughs</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement#Quebec" title="Arrondissement">arrondissements</a></i>) in <a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a> are termed mayors (<span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">maires/mairesses</i></span> in French). A borough mayor simultaneously serves as head of the borough council and as a regular councillor on the main city council. The scheduling of municipal elections in Canada varies by jurisdiction, as each province and territory has its own laws regarding municipal governance. </p><p>As is the practice in most Commonwealth countries, in Canada a mayor is addressed as His/Her Worship while holding office. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Reeve">Reeve</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mayor&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Reeve"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In a few <a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Ontario" title="List of municipalities in Ontario">municipalities</a> and <a href="/wiki/Township" title="Township">townships</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a>, the <b>reeve</b> is the elected head of the municipality, and the second-in-command is referred to as the <b>deputy reeve</b>. Historically, in some small <a href="/wiki/Township_(Canada)" title="Township (Canada)">townships</a>, the title "reeve" was used instead of mayor. In some other municipalities, "mayor" and "reeve" were two separate offices, with the mayor retaining leadership powers while the reeve was equivalent to what other municipalities called an "<a href="/wiki/At-large" title="At-large">at-large</a> councillor". Today most municipalities in the province now designate their elected municipal government heads as mayors, but a small handful retain the position. This continues to be the case in the following municipalities and <a href="/wiki/Township" title="Township">townships</a>: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Howick,_Ontario" title="Howick, Ontario">Howick Township</a>, <a href="/wiki/Huron_County,_Ontario" title="Huron County, Ontario">Huron County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Huron,_Ontario" title="North Huron, Ontario">North Huron Township</a>, <a href="/wiki/Huron_County,_Ontario" title="Huron County, Ontario">Huron County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beckwith,_Ontario" title="Beckwith, Ontario">Beckwith Township</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lanark_County" title="Lanark County">Lanark County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drummond/North_Elmsley" title="Drummond/North Elmsley">Drummond/North Elmsley Township</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lanark_County" title="Lanark County">Lanark County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanark_Highlands" title="Lanark Highlands">Lanark Highlands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lanark_County" title="Lanark County">Lanark County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montague,_Ontario" title="Montague, Ontario">Montague Township</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lanark_County" title="Lanark County">Lanark County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tay_Valley" class="mw-redirect" title="Tay Valley">Tay Valley Township</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lanark_County" title="Lanark County">Lanark County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Archipelago" title="The Archipelago">Township of The Archipelago</a>, <a href="/wiki/Parry_Sound_District" title="Parry Sound District">Parry Sound District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alberton,_Ontario" title="Alberton, Ontario">Alberton Township</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rainy_River_District" title="Rainy River District">Rainy River District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chapple,_Ontario" title="Chapple, Ontario">Chapple Township</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rainy_River_District" title="Rainy River District">Rainy River District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Vallee,_Ontario" title="La Vallee, Ontario">La Vallee Township</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rainy_River_District" title="Rainy River District">Rainy River District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morley,_Ontario" title="Morley, Ontario">Morley Township</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rainy_River_District" title="Rainy River District">Rainy River District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorion,_Ontario" title="Dorion, Ontario">Dorion Township</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thunder_Bay_District" title="Thunder Bay District">Thunder Bay District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gillies,_Ontario" title="Gillies, Ontario">Gilles Township</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thunder_Bay_District" title="Thunder Bay District">Thunder Bay District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brethour" title="Brethour">Brethour Township</a>, <a href="/wiki/Timiskaming_District" title="Timiskaming District">Timiskaming District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casey,_Ontario" title="Casey, Ontario">Casey Township</a>, <a href="/wiki/Timiskaming_District" title="Timiskaming District">Timiskaming District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamberlain,_Ontario" title="Chamberlain, Ontario">Chamberlain Township</a>, <a href="/wiki/Timiskaming_District" title="Timiskaming District">Timiskaming District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlton_and_Dack" title="Charlton and Dack">Municipality of Charlton and Dack</a>, <a href="/wiki/Timiskaming_District" title="Timiskaming District">Timiskaming District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evanturel" title="Evanturel">Evaturel Township</a>, <a href="/wiki/Timiskaming_District" title="Timiskaming District">Timiskaming District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gauthier,_Ontario" title="Gauthier, Ontario">Gauthier Township</a>, <a href="/wiki/Timiskaming_District" title="Timiskaming District">Timiskaming District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harley,_Ontario" title="Harley, Ontario">Harley Township</a>, <a href="/wiki/Timiskaming_District" title="Timiskaming District">Timiskaming District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harris,_Ontario" title="Harris, Ontario">Harris Township</a>, <a href="/wiki/Timiskaming_District" title="Timiskaming District">Timiskaming District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilliard,_Ontario" title="Hilliard, Ontario">Hilliard Township</a>, <a href="/wiki/Timiskaming_District" title="Timiskaming District">Timiskaming District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hudson,_Ontario" title="Hudson, Ontario">Hudson Township</a>, <a href="/wiki/Timiskaming_District" title="Timiskaming District">Timiskaming District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James,_Ontario" title="James, Ontario">James Township</a>, <a href="/wiki/Timiskaming_District" title="Timiskaming District">Timiskaming District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerns,_Ontario" title="Kerns, Ontario">Kerns Township</a>, <a href="/wiki/Timiskaming_District" title="Timiskaming District">Timiskaming District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thornloe,_Ontario" class="mw-redirect" title="Thornloe, Ontario">Village of Thornloe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Timiskaming_District" title="Timiskaming District">Timiskaming District</a></li></ul> <p>The reeve is also the chief elected official in most of <a href="/wiki/Alberta" title="Alberta">Alberta</a>'s <a href="/wiki/List_of_municipal_districts_in_Alberta" title="List of municipal districts in Alberta">municipal districts</a>. </p><p>The elected heads of rural municipalities (RM) in the provinces of <a href="/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba">Manitoba</a> and <a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan" title="Saskatchewan">Saskatchewan</a> are also referred to as a reeve. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dominican_Republic">Dominican Republic</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mayor&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Dominican Republic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The mayor of a municipality in the <a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic" title="Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a> is called indistinctly <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">alcalde</i></span> or <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">síndico</i></span>. The latter name is preferred to avoid confusing the title with the similar-sounding <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">alcaide</i></span> (lit. '<a href="/wiki/Prison_warden" title="Prison warden">prison warden</a>'). Such a person is the governor of the municipality whose township elected him (or her) by <a href="/wiki/Direct_vote" class="mw-redirect" title="Direct vote">direct vote</a> for a term of four years. The daily duties of the mayor's office are restricted to local governance, and as such, it is responsible for the coordination of <a href="/wiki/Waste_collection" title="Waste collection">waste collection</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maintenance,_repair,_and_operations" class="mw-redirect" title="Maintenance, repair, and operations">upkeep</a> of <a href="/wiki/Public_spaces" class="mw-redirect" title="Public spaces">public spaces</a> (e.g., parks, undeveloped urban parcels, streets), traffic light control, sewage, and most public utilities. In practice, most of its duties are centered on minor street repairs (new or large road projects, like overpasses, bridges, pedestrian crossings, etc. are handled by the Ministry of Public Works (Spanish: <i lang="es">Ministerio de Obras Públicas</i>), under the direct control of the central government. Subcontracting <a href="/wiki/Waste_collection" title="Waste collection">garbage collection</a> and management, overseeing the use of public spaces, and arbitrating neighborhood land use disputes, which are managed by the National Property office (Spanish: <i lang="es">Oficina de Bienes Nacionales</i>), is also controlled by the mayor's office. Water, electrical supply and public transportation coordination are handled by several central government offices, and as such, are not under the control of the mayor. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="France">France</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mayor&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: France"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Mayor_(France)" title="Mayor (France)">Mayor (France)</a></div> <p>Mayors (<span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">maires</i></span>) are elected for a six-year term by the municipal council, whose members are elected by direct universal suffrage in <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_France#Municipal" title="Elections in France">local elections</a> held every six years. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Germany">Germany</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mayor&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Germany"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Germany, local government is regulated by <a href="/wiki/States_of_Germany" title="States of Germany">state</a> statutes. Nowadays only the mayors of the three city-states (Berlin, Hamburg and <a href="/wiki/Bremen_(state)" title="Bremen (state)">Bremen</a>) are still elected by the respective city-state parliaments. In all the other states the mayors are now elected directly by the <a href="/wiki/EU_citizen" class="mw-redirect" title="EU citizen">EU citizens</a> living in that area. The post of mayor may be said to be a professional one, the mayor being the head of the local government, and requiring, in order to be eligible, training in administration. In big cities (details are regulated by state statutes) the official title is <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><b>Oberbürgermeister</b></i></span> (mayor). In these cities, a "simple" mayor is just a deputy responsible for a distinct task (e.g., welfare or construction works). Big cities are usually <i><a href="/wiki/Kreisfreie_Stadt" class="mw-redirect" title="Kreisfreie Stadt">kreisfrei</a></i> ('district-free'). That means that the city council also has the powers and duties of a rural district council. The leader of a rural district council is called <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Landrat</i></span> ('land counsellor'). In that case, the chief mayor also has the duties and powers of a <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Landrat</i></span>. </p><p>There are also some German states that allow smaller cities to have an <i>Oberbürgermeister</i> as well. In <a href="/wiki/Saarland" title="Saarland">Saarland</a>, for instance, every city with more than 35,000 inhabitants has one, and in <a href="/wiki/Saxony-Anhalt" title="Saxony-Anhalt">Saxony-Anhalt</a> every city with a population bigger than 25,000 has one. The term <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Oberbürgermeister</i></span> is not used in the three city-states, where the mayors are simultaneously <a href="/wiki/Minister-president" title="Minister-president">head of state governments</a>, but <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Regierender Bürgermeister</i></span> (<a href="/wiki/Governing_Mayor_of_Berlin" title="Governing Mayor of Berlin">Governing Mayor of Berlin</a>), <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Erster Bürgermeister</i></span> (<a href="/wiki/First_Mayor_of_the_city-state_of_Hamburg" class="mw-redirect" title="First Mayor of the city-state of Hamburg">First Mayor of the city-state of Hamburg</a>) and <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Präsident des Senats und Bürgermeister</i></span> (<a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Bremen" class="mw-redirect" title="Mayor of Bremen">President of the Senate and Mayor of Bremen</a>) are used. However, the term <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Oberbürgermeister</i></span> was used for the head of the state government of <a href="/wiki/West_Berlin" title="West Berlin">West Berlin</a> until 1951 and was also used in <a href="/wiki/East_Berlin" title="East Berlin">East Berlin</a> from 1948 to January 1991. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Greece">Greece</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mayor&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Greece"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Athens" class="mw-redirect" title="Mayor of Athens">Mayor of Athens</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Thessaloniki" class="mw-redirect" title="Mayor of Thessaloniki">Mayor of Thessaloniki</a></div> <p>Mayors (<span title="Greek-language text"><span lang="el">δήμαρχοι</span></span>, <span title="Greek-language text"><i lang="el-Latn">dēmarchoi</i></span>, sing. <span title="Greek-language text"><span lang="el">δήμαρχος</span></span>, <i><a href="/wiki/Demarchos" title="Demarchos">dēmarchos</a></i>) in <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a> were previously elected every four years in <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Greece#Local_elections" title="Elections in Greece">local elections</a> and are the head of various municipal governments in which the state is divided. Starting in 2014, mayors are elected for a five-year term. Local administration elections for the new, consolidated municipalities and peripheries will henceforth be held together with the <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_the_European_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Elections in the European Union">elections</a> for the <a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a>. </p><p>Local administration in Greece recently underwent extensive reform in two phases: the first phase, implemented in 1997 and commonly called the <a href="/wiki/Kapodistrias_Plan" class="mw-redirect" title="Kapodistrias Plan">Kapodistrias Plan</a>, consolidated the country's numerous municipalities and communities down to approximately 1000. The second phase, initially called Kapodistrias II but eventually called the <a href="/wiki/Kallikratis_Plan" class="mw-redirect" title="Kallikratis Plan">Kallikratis Plan</a>, was implemented in 2010, further consolidated municipalities down to 370, and merged the country's 54 prefectures, which were disbanded in favour of the larger 13 regions. The Kallikratian municipalities were designed according to several guidelines; for example, each island (except <a href="/wiki/Crete" title="Crete">Crete</a>) was incorporated into a single municipality, while the majority of small towns were consolidated so as to have an average municipal population of 25,000. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="India">India</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mayor&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: India"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Mayor_(India)" title="Mayor (India)">Mayor (India)</a></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, the mayor is the first citizen of a city and the head of <a href="/wiki/Municipal_corporation_(India)" title="Municipal corporation (India)">municipal corporation</a> which is a local government of cities with a population over one million. They have a number of roles, both ceremonial and functional. In most Indian states mayors are elected indirectly among the <a href="/wiki/Councillor" title="Councillor">corporators</a> (who are directly elected by the people of their respective <a href="/wiki/Ward_(electoral_subdivision)" title="Ward (electoral subdivision)">wards</a>) of the municipal corporation, except in nine states: <a href="/wiki/Bihar" title="Bihar">Bihar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chhattisgarh" title="Chhattisgarh">Chhattisgarh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Haryana" title="Haryana">Haryana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jharkhand" title="Jharkhand">Jharkhand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Madhya_Pradesh" title="Madhya Pradesh">Madhya Pradesh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Odisha" title="Odisha">Odisha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh">Uttar Pradesh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Telangana" title="Telangana">Telangana</a> and <a href="/wiki/Uttarakhand" title="Uttarakhand">Uttarakhand</a>, where mayors are elected directly by the public. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Indonesia">Indonesia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mayor&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Indonesia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>, mayor (<a href="/wiki/Indonesian_language" title="Indonesian language">Indonesian</a>: <i lang="id">wali kota</i>, formerly called <span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">walikotamadya</i></span> and <span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">walikota</i></span>) is a regional head of a city or town. A mayor has the same level as a <a href="/wiki/Regent" title="Regent">regent</a> (<i>bupati</i>), head of a regency (<i>kabupaten</i>). Basically, a mayor has the duty and authority to lead the implementation of the policies established by the region along with the city council (<i>Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah Kota</i>, DPRD Kota; formerly called Tier 2-DPRD (<i>DPRD Tingkat II</i>)). A mayor is elected in a pair with a vice mayor through direct elections and is a political office. An exception is <a href="/wiki/Jakarta" title="Jakarta">Special Capital Region of Jakarta</a>, where mayoralty is a civil-service career position with limited authority and is designated by <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Jakarta" title="Governor of Jakarta">the governor</a>. Their regions are called <a href="/wiki/Jakarta#Administrative_divisions" title="Jakarta">administration cities</a> (<i>kota administrasi</i>). </p><p>Before 1999, there were administrative cities (<i>kota administratif</i>, <a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kota_administratif" class="extiw" title="id:Kota administratif">[id]</a>) which were headed by administrative mayors. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Iran">Iran</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mayor&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Iran"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>, the mayor is the executive manager of a city and is elected by the Islamic City Council. The mayor is elected for a four-year term. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ireland">Ireland</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mayor&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Ireland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Republic of Ireland</a>, the head of a <a href="/wiki/Borough#Ireland" title="Borough">borough</a> corporation was called "mayor" from the <a href="/wiki/Municipal_Corporations_(Ireland)_Act_1840" title="Municipal Corporations (Ireland) Act 1840">Municipal Corporations (Ireland) Act 1840</a> until boroughs were abolished by the <a href="/wiki/Local_Government_Reform_Act_2014" title="Local Government Reform Act 2014">Local Government Reform Act 2014</a>. <a href="/wiki/City_status_in_Ireland" title="City status in Ireland">City</a> council chairs are "mayor" (or "lord mayor" in the cases <a href="/wiki/Lord_Mayor_of_Dublin" title="Lord Mayor of Dublin">of Dublin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lord_Mayor_of_Cork" title="Lord Mayor of Cork">of Cork</a>). The <a href="/wiki/Local_Government_Act_2001" title="Local Government Act 2001">Local Government Act 2001</a> allowed <a href="/wiki/Counties_of_Ireland" title="Counties of Ireland">county</a> councils to style their chairperson as "mayor" and some do so. Since 2000 <a href="/wiki/Proposed_directly_elected_mayor_for_the_Dublin_Metropolitan_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Proposed directly elected mayor for the Dublin Metropolitan Area">there have been proposals</a> for a directly elected mayor of the <a href="/wiki/Dublin_Metropolitan_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Dublin Metropolitan Area">Dublin Metropolitan Area</a>. The <a href="/wiki/2019_Irish_local_elections" title="2019 Irish local elections">2019 local elections</a> included plebiscites in three areas on directly elected mayors, of which that for <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Limerick" title="Mayor of Limerick">Mayor of Limerick</a> was passed, with the first direct election due as part of the <a href="/wiki/2024_Irish_local_elections" title="2024 Irish local elections">2024 local elections</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Italy">Italy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mayor&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Italy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Italy, the mayor is called <span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">sindaco</i></span>, or informally <span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">primo cittadino</i></span> ('first citizen'). Every municipality (<a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>: <i lang="it">comune</i>) has a mayor who represents the local government. The mayor is directly elected every five years by the inhabitants of the <i><a href="/wiki/Comune" title="Comune">comune</a></i>; the mayor cannot serve for more than two consecutive terms, except in municipalities of up to 5,000 inhabitants, those having a three consecutive terms limit.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The mayor is a member of the City council, the legislative body which checks the mayor's policy guidelines and is able to enforce his resignation by a <a href="/wiki/Motion_of_no_confidence" title="Motion of no confidence">motion of no confidence</a>, and is entitled to appoint and release the members of the executive body (<a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>: <i lang="it">giunta</i>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Japan">Japan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mayor&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Japan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Japan's <a href="/wiki/Local_Autonomy_Law" class="mw-redirect" title="Local Autonomy Law">Local-Autonomy Law</a> of 1947 defines the structure of Japanese local governments, which were strengthened after World War II. It gives strong executive power to the mayor in local politics like <a href="/wiki/Mayor-council_government#Executive_or_Strong_Mayor_Form" class="mw-redirect" title="Mayor-council government">strong mayors</a> in large cities in the United States of America. The titles that are translated as <i>mayor</i> by the governments are those of the heads of <a href="/wiki/Cities_of_Japan" title="Cities of Japan">cities</a> <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">shichō</i></span><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">市長</span></span>)</span>, <a href="/wiki/Towns_of_Japan" class="mw-redirect" title="Towns of Japan">towns</a> <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">chōchō</i></span><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">町長</span></span>)</span>, <a href="/wiki/Villages_of_Japan" class="mw-redirect" title="Villages of Japan">villages</a> <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">sonchō</i></span><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">村長</span></span>)</span>, and Tokyo's <a href="/wiki/Special_wards_of_Tokyo" title="Special wards of Tokyo">special wards</a> <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">kuchō</i></span><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">区長</span></span>)</span> (The head of the <a href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo prefecture</a> is the Governor<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">知事</span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">Chiji</i></span><span style="margin-left:.09em">)</span></span>). </p><p>A mayor is elected every four years by direct popular votes held separately from the assembly. A mayor can be <a href="/wiki/Recall_election" title="Recall election">recalled</a> by a popular initiative but the <a href="/wiki/Prefectures_of_Japan" title="Prefectures of Japan">prefectural</a> and the national governments cannot remove a mayor from office. Towards the assembly the mayor prepares budgets, proposes local <a href="/wiki/Act_of_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Act of Parliament">acts</a> and may veto local acts approved by the assembly which can be overridden by two-thirds assembly support. A mayor can dissolve the assembly if the assembly passes a <a href="/wiki/Motion_of_no_confidence" title="Motion of no confidence">motion of no confidence</a> or if the mayor thinks the assembly has no confidence in fact. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mayor&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Kazakhstan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Akim" title="Akim">Akim</a></div> <p>In Kazakhstan, the mayor is called <i>akim</i>, who is the head of an <span title="Kazakh-language text"><i lang="kk">akimat</i></span>, a municipal, district, or provincial government (<span title="Kazakh-language text"><i lang="kk">mayorat</i></span>), and serves as the presidential representative. <span title="Kazakh-language text"><i lang="kk">Akim</i></span><i>s</i> of provinces and cities are appointed to the post by the president on the advice of the prime minister. Meanwhile, the <span title="Kazakh-language text"><i lang="kk">akim</i></span><i>s</i> of other administrative and territorial units are appointed or elected to the post in an order defined by the president. The president may also dismiss <span title="Kazakh-language text"><i lang="kk">akim</i></span><i>s</i> from their posts. The <span title="Kazakh-language text"><i lang="kk">akims</i></span>' powers end upon the newly elected president of the republic taking office. Thus, the <span title="Kazakh-language text"><i lang="kk">akims</i></span> continue to fulfill their duties before the appointment of the corresponding <span title="Kazakh-language text"><i lang="kk">akim</i></span> by the President of Kazakhstan. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Malaysia">Malaysia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mayor&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Malaysia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Kuala_Lumpur" title="Mayor of Kuala Lumpur">Mayor of Kuala Lumpur</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Penang_Island" title="Mayor of Penang Island">Mayor of Penang Island</a></div> <p>The mayor functions as the head of the local government of the cities in Malaysia. To date, there are <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Malaysia#Cities_of_Malaysia" title="List of cities in Malaysia">14 officially-recognised cities in the country</a>. </p><p>In cities which lie within the jurisdiction of any one of the <a href="/wiki/States_and_federal_territories_of_Malaysia" title="States and federal territories of Malaysia">13 Malaysian states</a>, the mayor is appointed by the state government.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur" title="Kuala Lumpur">Kuala Lumpur</a>, the country's capital, is a notable exception, as it forms part of the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Territories_(Malaysia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Territories (Malaysia)">Federal Territories</a> which come under the purview of the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Malaysia" title="Government of Malaysia">Malaysian federal government</a>, via the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Federal_Territories_(Malaysia)" title="Ministry of Federal Territories (Malaysia)">Ministry of Federal Territories</a>. Thus, the mayor of Kuala Lumpur is selected by, and subordinate to, the <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Federal_Territories_(Malaysia)" title="Minister of Federal Territories (Malaysia)">Minister of Federal Territories</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following the <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_general_election,_2018" class="mw-redirect" title="Malaysian general election, 2018">2018 general election</a>, which saw the country undergoing its first ever regime change, there have been calls to revive local government elections, which had been the practice in certain cities such as Kuala Lumpur, <a href="/wiki/George_Town,_Penang" title="George Town, Penang">George Town</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ipoh" title="Ipoh">Ipoh</a> and <a href="/wiki/Malacca_City" title="Malacca City">Melaka</a> until their abolishment in 1965.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The reinstatement of local government elections would lead to the mayoral position being elected, instead of being appointed as per the current system. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Malta">Malta</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mayor&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Malta"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Malta, the mayor (<a href="/wiki/Maltese_language" title="Maltese language">Maltese</a>: <i lang="mt">sindku</i>) is the leader of the majority party in the <a href="/wiki/Local_councils_of_Malta" title="Local councils of Malta">local council</a>. The members of the local councils are directly elected and collectively serve as a basic form of local government. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Moldova">Moldova</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mayor&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Moldova"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The mayor of the municipality in Moldova is elected for four years. In <a href="/wiki/Chi%C8%99in%C4%83u" title="Chișinău">Chișinău</a>, the last mayoral elections<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (January 2023)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> had to be repeated three times because of the low rate of participation.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nepal">Nepal</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mayor&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Nepal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_municipalities_in_Nepal" title="List of mayors of municipalities in Nepal">List of mayors of municipalities in Nepal</a></div> <p>Mayors in Nepal are elected every five years in the <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Nepal" title="Elections in Nepal">local elections</a>. They are very powerful in municipal government. The mayor is the highest-ranking official in a municipal government in Nepal. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Netherlands">Netherlands</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mayor&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Netherlands"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Burgemeester" class="mw-redirect" title="Burgemeester">Burgemeester</a></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>, the mayor (<a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a>: <i lang="nl">burgemeester</i>) is the leader of the college of mayor and aldermen (<i><a href="/wiki/College_van_Burgemeester_en_Wethouders" class="mw-redirect" title="College van Burgemeester en Wethouders">College van Burgemeester en Wethouders</a></i>), the municipal executive. In the Netherlands, <span title="Dutch-language text"><i lang="nl">burgemeester</i></span><i>s</i> are <i>de facto</i> appointed by the national <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_the_Netherlands" title="Cabinet of the Netherlands">cabinet</a>, <i>de jure</i> by the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Monarchy" class="mw-redirect" title="Dutch Monarchy">monarch</a>. Appointment is generally preceded by a selection procedure and nomination by the municipal council and king's commissioner (head of the provincial executive), and a nomination is only very rarely not followed by an appointment. Mayors preside over both the municipal executive and the legislative (<i><a href="/wiki/Gemeenteraad" class="mw-redirect" title="Gemeenteraad">gemeenteraad</a></i>), although they can vote in the former and not in the latter. The title is sometimes translated as <a href="/wiki/Burgomaster" title="Burgomaster">burgomaster</a>, to emphasise the appointed, rather than elected, nature of the office. The appointment procedure was brought for discussion in the early 2000s (decade), as some of the political parties represented in parliament regarded the procedure as undemocratic. Generally, mayors in the Netherlands are selected from the established political parties, although since the late 2010s mayors without political affiliation have become more common.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Alternatives proposed were direct election of the mayor by the people or official appointment by the municipal council (<span title="Dutch-language text"><i lang="nl">gemeenteraad</i></span>). A constitutional change to allow for this failed to pass the <a href="/wiki/Senate_of_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Senate of the Netherlands">Senate</a> in March 2005, but succeeded in 2018. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="New_Zealand">New Zealand</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mayor&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: New Zealand"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Mayors_in_New_Zealand" title="Mayors in New Zealand">Mayors in New Zealand</a></div> <p>Mayors in New Zealand are elected every three years in the <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_New_Zealand" title="Elections in New Zealand">local body elections</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pakistan">Pakistan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mayor&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Pakistan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Nazim" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazim">Nazim</a></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>, a city is headed by the <a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Pakistan" title="Districts of Pakistan">district</a> <i>nazim</i> (the word means 'administrator' in Urdu, but is sometimes translated as 'mayor') and assisted by the <a href="/wiki/Naib_Nazim" class="mw-redirect" title="Naib Nazim"><i>naib nazim</i></a>, who is also speaker of the district council. The district <span title="Urdu-language text"><i lang="ur-Latn">nazim</i></span> is elected by the <span title="Urdu-language text"><i lang="ur-Latn">nazims</i></span> of <a href="/wiki/Union_councils_of_Pakistan" title="Union councils of Pakistan">union councils</a>, union councillors and by <a href="/wiki/Tehsil" title="Tehsil">tehsil</a> <span title="Urdu-language text"><i lang="ur-Latn">nazims</i></span>, who themselves are elected directly by the votes of the local public. Council elections are held every four years. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Philippines">Philippines</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mayor&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Philippines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>, mayors (<a href="/wiki/Tagalog_language" title="Tagalog language">Tagalog</a>: <i lang="tl">Punong Bayan / Punong Lungsod / Alkalde</i>) are the head of a <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_municipalities_in_the_Philippines" title="List of cities and municipalities in the Philippines">municipality or a city</a>, with the vice mayor as the second-highest position in the city. They are elected every three years during the midterm and national elections, and they can serve up to three consecutive terms of office. As of September 2012<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mayor&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, there are 1,635 mayors in the Philippines.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Poland">Poland</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mayor&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Poland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_Poland#Cities" title="List of cities and towns in Poland">List of cities and towns in Poland § Cities</a></div> <p>As of 30 April 2022, there are altogether 2477 municipalities (<a href="/wiki/Gmina" title="Gmina">gmina</a>) in Poland, including 1513 rural gminas, while the remaining 968 ones contain cities and towns. Among them, 666 towns are part of an urban-rural gmina while 302 cities and towns are standalone as an urban gmina. The latter group includes 107 cities (governed by a <i>prezydent miasta</i>), including 66 <a href="/wiki/City_with_powiat_rights" title="City with powiat rights">cities with powiat rights</a>. 37 cities among the latter group are over 100,000, including 18 cities serving as a seat for <a href="/wiki/Voivode" title="Voivode">voivode</a> or <a href="/wiki/Voivodeship_sejmik" title="Voivodeship sejmik">voivodeship sejmik</a>, informally called voivodeship cities. </p><p>All municipalities in Poland including cities and towns are governed under the mandatory <a href="/wiki/Mayor%E2%80%93council_government" title="Mayor–council government">mayor–council government</a> system. Executive power is vested in an official called one of the following: </p> <ul><li>a city mayor (<i>prezydent miasta</i>)</li> <li>a town mayor (<i>burmistrz</i>)</li> <li>a <i><a href="/wiki/W%C3%B3jt" title="Wójt">wójt</a></i> which is the equivalent office in a rural municipality (<i><a href="/wiki/Gmina" title="Gmina">gmina wiejska</a></i>)</li></ul> <p>They are elected by a <a href="/wiki/Two-round_system" title="Two-round system">two-round</a> <a href="/wiki/Direct_election" title="Direct election">direct election</a> for a five-year term concurrently with the five-year term of the <a href="/wiki/Municipal_council" title="Municipal council">municipal council</a> and cannot serve in the latter or in any higher-level deliberative bodies: a <a href="/wiki/County_council" title="County council">county council</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Voivodeship_sejmik" title="Voivodeship sejmik">voivodeship sejmik</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Poland" title="Parliament of Poland">Parliament of Poland</a> or the <a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a>. Citizens with a criminal record cannot run for mayor, but only if sentenced for intentional criminal offence prosecuted <a href="/wiki/Ex_officio" class="mw-redirect" title="Ex officio">ex officio</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Municipal_council" title="Municipal council">municipal/town/city council</a> is the legislative, budget-making and oversight body. Mayor is obliged to appoint his deputy. A town or city mayor may be scrutinized or denied funding for his/her projects by the council, but is not politically responsible to it and does not require its confidence to remain in office; therefore, <a href="/wiki/Cohabitation_(government)" title="Cohabitation (government)">cohabitation</a> is not uncommon. A <a href="/wiki/Recall_election" title="Recall election">recall referendum</a> may however be triggered through a petition supported by at least 1/10 of eligible voters, but the turnout in the recall referendum must be at least 3/5 of the number of people voting in the original election in order for the referendum to be valid and binding. A town/city mayor can also be dismissed by the <a href="/wiki/Prime_minister" title="Prime minister">prime minister</a> in case of persistent transgression of the law. </p><p>Town/city mayors manage the municipal estate, issue administrative decisions and minor regulations, and incur <a href="/wiki/Liability_(financial_accounting)" title="Liability (financial accounting)">liabilities</a> within limits set by the municipal council. They prepare and present the planned budget to the municipal council, subject to its acceptation and amendments. After the municipal council votes to accept the budget, the town/city mayor is responsible for its realization. Town/city mayors are heads of the <a href="/wiki/Town_hall" title="Town hall">town/city hall (office)</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Register_office" class="mw-redirect" title="Register office">register office</a> (the town/city mayor may appoint deputies for these specific tasks), as well as the parent authority for all public <a href="/wiki/Kindergarten" title="Kindergarten">kindergartens</a> and <a href="/wiki/Elementary_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Elementary school">elementary schools</a> in the municipality. They are also personally responsible for the <a href="/wiki/Emergency_management" title="Emergency management">emergency management</a> and <a href="/wiki/Civil_defense" title="Civil defense">civil defense</a> in a municipality. A municipality itself is responsible among others for <a href="/wiki/Public_transport" title="Public transport">public transport</a>, <a href="/wiki/Water_supply" title="Water supply">water supply</a> and <a href="/wiki/Water_treatment" title="Water treatment">treatment</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Waste_management" title="Waste management">waste management</a>. A town/city mayor has the legal capacity to act as employer for all the officials of a town/city hall. Town/city mayors in Poland have wide administrative and staffing authority: the only municipal executive official that the town/city mayor cannot appoint or dismiss is a <a href="/wiki/City_treasurer" class="mw-redirect" title="City treasurer">city treasurer</a>, who is appointed by the town/city council. Although they do not have in Poland power to veto city council resolutions, their position is relatively strong and should be classified as a <a href="/wiki/Mayor-council_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Mayor-council government">mayor-council government</a>.In a <a href="/wiki/City_with_powiat_rights" title="City with powiat rights">city with powiat rights</a>, the city mayor also has the powers and duties of a powiat executive board and a <a href="/wiki/Starosta" title="Starosta">starosta</a>. </p><p>In addition, an office of quarter mayor (<i>burmistrz dzielnicy</i>) exists in the <a href="/wiki/Quarters_and_neighbourhoods_of_Warsaw" class="mw-redirect" title="Quarters and neighbourhoods of Warsaw">auxiliary units of the city of Warsaw, called quarters</a>. In spite of remaining an integral part of the city as an entity, the quarters have a degree of autonomy legally guaranteed through a form of an own local self-government exercising some powers devolved by law from the city. Each of the 18 city quarters has an own council (<i>rada dzielnicy</i>) which elects an executive board (<i>zarząd dzielnicy</i>) headed by a quarter mayor (<i>burmistrz dzielnicy</i>), the latter elected by the council among several candidates nominated by the city mayor of Warsaw among the council's members, as opposed to a town or a city mayor, both elected under direct suffrage. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Portugal">Portugal</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mayor&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Portugal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a> and many other Portuguese-speaking countries the mayor of a municipality is called the <span title="Portuguese-language text"><i lang="pt">Presidente da Câmara Municipal</i></span> ('<a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Municipal_Chamber" title="President of the Municipal Chamber">President of the Municipal Chamber</a>'). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Romania">Romania</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mayor&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Romania"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a>, the mayor of a commune, town or city is called <span title="Romanian-language text"><i lang="ro">primar</i></span>. The <span title="Romanian-language text"><i lang="ro">primar</i></span> is elected for a period of four years. In carrying out their responsibilities they are assisted by an elected local council (<span title="Romanian-language text"><i lang="ro">consiliu local</i></span>). <a href="/wiki/Bucharest" title="Bucharest">Bucharest</a> has a general mayor (<span title="Romanian-language text"><i lang="ro">primar general</i></span>) and six sector mayors (<span title="Romanian-language text"><i lang="ro">primar de sector</i></span>), one for each <a href="/wiki/Sectors_of_Bucharest" title="Sectors of Bucharest">sector</a>. The responsibilities of the mayor and of the local council are defined by Law 215/2001 of the Romanian Parliament.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Russia">Russia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mayor&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Russia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Russia, the <span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">Мэр</span></span>, from French <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">maire</i></span> (transliteration: <span title="Russian-language text"><i lang="ru-Latn">mer</i></span> – not to be confused with the NATO <a href="/wiki/OF-3" class="mw-redirect" title="OF-3">OF-3</a> rank <span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">Майор</span></span> – English: <i><a href="/wiki/Major_(rank)" title="Major (rank)">major</a></i>), is one of the possible titles of the head of the administration of a city or municipality. This title is equivalent to that of the head of a Russian rural district. Exceptionally, the <span title="Russian-language text"><i lang="ru-Latn">mer</i></span> of <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saint-Petersburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint-Petersburg">Saint-Petersburg</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sevastopol" title="Sevastopol">Sevastopol</a> are equivalent to governors in Russia, since these three federal cities are Russian <a href="/wiki/Federal_subject" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal subject">federal subjects</a>. </p><p>Except for the aforementioned three large cities, the governance system of a Russian municipality (city, county, district or town) is subordinate to the representative council of the federation in which it is located. The <span title="Russian-language text"><i lang="ru-Latn">mer</i></span> is either directly elected in municipal elections (citywide referendum) or is elected by the members of the municipality's representative council. Election by council members is now more widespread because it better integrates with the Russian federal three-level vertical governance structure: </p> <ol><li>National government: <ol><li>President (executive)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Assembly_(Russia)" title="Federal Assembly (Russia)">Federal Assembly</a></li></ol></li> <li>Federation governments: <ol><li>Heads of federation (commonly governors)</li> <li>Regional representative councils</li></ol></li> <li>Local governments: <ol><li>Heads of administration (who have the official title of <span title="Russian-language text"><i lang="ru-Latn">mer</i></span>, whether or not local law defines it as such)</li> <li>Local representative councils</li></ol></li></ol> <p>The typical term of office of a <span title="Russian-language text"><i lang="ru-Latn">mer</i></span> in Russia is four years. The <span title="Russian-language text"><i lang="ru-Latn">mer</i></span><i>'s</i> office administers all municipal services, public property, police and fire protection, and most public agencies, and enforces all local and state laws within a city or town. </p><p>According to Medialogy,<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <span title="Russian-language text"><i lang="ru-Latn">mer</i></span> of <a href="/wiki/Novosibirsk" title="Novosibirsk">Novosibirsk</a>, Anatoly Lokot', is mentioned in the media more than any other Russian mayor. The <span title="Russian-language text"><i lang="ru-Latn">mer</i></span> of <a href="/wiki/Kazan" title="Kazan">Kazan</a>, Il'sur Metshin, is the most popular in Russia, scoring 76 out of 100, according to the Russian People's Rating of <span title="Russian-language text"><i lang="ru-Latn">Mer</i></span><i>s</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The status of the post in Sevastopol is not legally recognized outside of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Federation" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Federation">Russian Federation</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Serbia">Serbia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mayor&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Serbia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a>, the mayor is the head of the city or a town. The mayor acts on behalf of the city, and performs an executive function. The position of the mayor of <a href="/wiki/Belgrade" title="Belgrade">Belgrade</a> is important as the capital city is the most important hub of economics, culture and science in <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a>. Furthermore, the post of the mayor of Belgrade is the third most important position in the government after the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Serbia" title="Prime Minister of Serbia">prime minister</a> and <a href="/wiki/President_of_Serbia" title="President of Serbia">president</a>. The <i>Local Administration Act of 2007</i> establishes a mayor-council system for all municipalities, except city municipalities that are part of a city. The title of the mayor varies: the formal title of municipality heads is the <i>President of Municipality</i> (<i><a href="/wiki/Serbian_language" title="Serbian language">Serbian</a>: <span lang="sr">председник општине</span></i>) while cities are headed by mayors (<i><a href="/wiki/Serbian_language" title="Serbian language">Serbian</a>: <span lang="sr">градоначелник</span></i>); both are, however, called <i>gradonačelnik</i> in everyday parlance. The mayor is elected indirectly by the city council for a term of 4 years, without a term limit; previously, from 1990 to 2006 mayors were elected directly by voters in local elections alongside the municipal council. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Spain_and_Hispanic_America">Spain and Hispanic America</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mayor&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Spain and Hispanic America"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Alcalde" title="Alcalde">Alcalde</a></div> <p><i>Alcalde</i> is the most common Spanish term for the mayor of a town or city. It is derived from the <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <i lang="ar-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Qadi" title="Qadi">al-qaḍi</a></i> (<span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">قاضي</span></span>), i.e., 'the (<a href="/wiki/Sharia" title="Sharia">Sharia</a>) judge', who often had administrative, as well as judicial, functions. Although the <a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Castile" title="Crown of Castile">Castilian</a> <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">alcalde</i></span> and the <a href="/wiki/Al-Andalus" title="Al-Andalus">Andalusian</a> <span title="Arabic-language text"><i lang="ar-Latn">qaḍi</i></span> had slightly different attributes (the <span title="Arabic-language text"><i lang="ar-Latn">qaḍi</i></span> oversaw an entire province, the <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">alcalde</i></span> only a municipality; the former was appointed by the ruler of the state but the latter was elected by the <a href="/wiki/Cabildo_(council)" title="Cabildo (council)">municipal council</a>), the adoption of this term reflects how much Muslim society in the <a href="/wiki/Iberian_Peninsula" title="Iberian Peninsula">Iberian Peninsula</a> influenced the Christian one in the early phases of the <i><a href="/wiki/Reconquista" title="Reconquista">Reconquista</a></i>. As Spanish Christians took over an increasing part of the Peninsula, they adapted the Muslim systems and terminology for their own use. </p><p>Today, it refers to the executive head of a municipal or local government, who usually does not have judicial functions. The word <i><a href="/wiki/Intendant" title="Intendant">intendente</a></i> is used in <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a> and <a href="/wiki/Paraguay" title="Paraguay">Paraguay</a> for the office that is analogous to a mayor. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Municipio" title="Municipio"><i>municipios</i></a> and larger cities in <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a>, the chief executive is known as both <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">alcalde</i></span> or as <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">presidente municipal</i></span> ('municipal president'), with the latter being more widely used. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sweden">Sweden</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mayor&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Sweden"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Swedish title <span title="Swedish-language text"><i lang="sv">borgmästare</i></span> (<a href="/wiki/Burgomaster" title="Burgomaster">burgomaster</a>) was abolished in the court reform of 1971 when also the <a href="/wiki/Stad_(Sweden)" title="Stad (Sweden)">towns of Sweden</a> were officially abolished. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Switzerland">Switzerland</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mayor&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Switzerland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The function and title for mayor vary from one canton to another. Generally, the mayor presides over an executive council of several members governing a <a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Switzerland" title="Municipalities of Switzerland">municipality</a>. </p><p>The title is: </p> <ul><li>In Italian: <span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">sindaco</i></span> (<a href="/wiki/Ticino" title="Ticino">Ticino</a>), <span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">podestà</i></span> (<a href="/wiki/Grigioni" class="mw-redirect" title="Grigioni">Grigioni</a>)</li> <li>In French: <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">maire</i></span> (<a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Geneva" title="Canton of Geneva">Geneva</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Jura" title="Canton of Jura">Jura</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Bern" title="Canton of Bern">Bern</a>), <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">syndic</i></span> (<a href="/wiki/Vaud" title="Vaud">Vaud</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Fribourg" title="Canton of Fribourg">Fribourg</a>), <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">président du conseil municipal</i></span> (<a href="/wiki/Valais" title="Valais">Valais</a>), <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">président du conseil communal</i></span> (<a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Neuch%C3%A2tel" title="Canton of Neuchâtel">Neuchâtel</a>)</li> <li>In German: e.g. <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Stadtpräsident</i></span>, <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Stadtammann</i></span>, <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Gemeindepräsident</i></span>, <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Gemeindeammann</i></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Taiwan">Taiwan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mayor&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Taiwan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of China">Republic of China</a> in Taiwan the mayor is the head of the city's government and its city's council, which is in charge of legislative affairs. The mayor and city council are elected separately by the city's residents. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Turkey">Turkey</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mayor&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Turkey"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mayors (<a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a>: <i lang="tr">belediye başkanı</i>) in Turkey are elected by popular vote for five years alongside the municipal council. As a rule, there are municipalities in all province centers and district centers as well as towns (<a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a>: <i lang="tr">belde</i>) which are actually villages with a population in excess of 2000. However, beginning by 1983, a new level of municipality was introduced in the Turkish administrative system. In big cities, metropolitan municipalities (<a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a>: <i lang="tr">Büyükşehir belediyesi</i>) are established. (See <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_municipalities_in_Turkey" title="Metropolitan municipalities in Turkey">metropolitan municipalities in Turkey</a>) In a metropolitan municipality there may be several district municipalities (hence mayors). Mayors are elected in <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Turkey" title="Elections in Turkey">local elections.</a> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ukraine">Ukraine</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mayor&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Ukraine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a> the title "head of the city" (<span title="Ukrainian-language text"><i lang="uk-Latn">misky holova</i></span>; unofficially the foreign adaptation <span title="Ukrainian-language text"><i lang="uk-Latn">mer</i></span> also is present) was introduced in 1999. Since then, the post is elected by all residents of the city. Before that date, the post was elected by members of the city council only and was known as head of the city council, which <i>ex officio</i> also serves as the head of the executive committee. For the cities that carry special status such as <a href="/wiki/Kyiv" title="Kyiv">Kyiv</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sevastopol" title="Sevastopol">Sevastopol</a>, the head of the city was a matter of long debate and the post is regulated by special laws. </p><p>Since 2015 a post of <span title="Ukrainian-language text"><i lang="uk-Latn">starosta</i></span> ('elder') has been implemented at the lower level of the administrative-territorial pyramid. Candidates to the post are also elected by members of the territorial community (<span title="Ukrainian-language text"><i lang="uk-Latn">hromada</i></span>). The post is historical and existed in the territory of Ukraine during the times of the <a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth" title="Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth">Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_States">United States</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mayor&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: United States"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Mayoralty_in_the_United_States" title="Mayoralty in the United States">Mayoralty in the United States</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jeffery_Schielke_2016.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Jeffery_Schielke_2016.jpg/220px-Jeffery_Schielke_2016.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="353" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Jeffery_Schielke_2016.jpg/330px-Jeffery_Schielke_2016.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Jeffery_Schielke_2016.jpg/440px-Jeffery_Schielke_2016.jpg 2x" data-file-width="975" data-file-height="1565" /></a><figcaption>Jeffery Schielke has been Mayor of <a href="/wiki/Batavia,_Illinois" title="Batavia, Illinois">Batavia, Illinois</a> for over 40 years</figcaption></figure> <p>The mayor is the municipal head of government, the maximum civil authority at the municipal level, in most United States municipalities (such as cities, townships, etc.). In the <a href="/wiki/Mayoralty_in_the_United_States" title="Mayoralty in the United States">United States</a>, there are several distinct types of mayors, depending on whether the system of local government is <a href="/wiki/Council-manager_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Council-manager government">council-manager government</a> or <a href="/wiki/Mayor-council_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Mayor-council government">mayor-council government</a>. </p><p>Under the council-manager government system, the mayor is a <a href="/wiki/First_among_equals" class="mw-redirect" title="First among equals">first among equals</a> on the <a href="/wiki/City_council" class="mw-redirect" title="City council">city council</a>, which acts as a legislative body while executive functions are performed by the appointed manager. The mayor may chair the city council, but lacks any special legislative powers. The mayor and city council serve part-time, with day-to-day administration in the hands of a professional city manager. The system is most common among medium-sized cities from around 25,000 to several hundred thousand, usually rural and suburban municipalities. </p><p>Under the mayor-council system, the mayoralty and city council are separate offices. This system may be of two types, either a strong mayor system or a weak mayor system. Under the <i>strong mayor</i> system, the mayor acts as an elected executive with the city council exercising legislative powers. They may select a <a href="/wiki/Chief_administrative_officer" title="Chief administrative officer">chief administrative officer</a> to oversee the different departments. This is the system used in most of the United States' large cities, primarily because mayors serve full-time and have a wide range of services that they oversee. In a <i>weak mayor</i> or <i>ceremonial mayor</i> system, the mayor has appointing power for department heads but is subject to checks by the city council, sharing both executive and legislative duties with the council. This is common for smaller cities, especially in <a href="/wiki/New_England" title="New England">New England</a>. <a href="/wiki/Charlotte,_North_Carolina" title="Charlotte, North Carolina">Charlotte, North Carolina</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Minneapolis" title="Minneapolis">Minneapolis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Minnesota" title="Minnesota">Minnesota</a>, are two notable large cities with a ceremonial mayor. </p><p>Many American mayors are styled "His Honor" or "Her Honor" while in office. </p><p>A 2014 analysis found no difference in performance between male and female mayors in the United States, and no evidence of a positive role model effect from female mayors inspiring future candidates.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2016 author Mirya R. Holman wrote that female mayors "emphasize nurturer parent frames more frequently whereas male mayors emphasize strict father frames, but they discuss economic development at very similar levels".<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Multi-tier_local_government">Multi-tier local government</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mayor&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: Multi-tier local government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In several countries, where there is no local <a href="/wiki/Autonomy" title="Autonomy">autonomy</a>, mayors are often appointed by some branch of the national or regional government. In some cities, subdivisions such as <a href="/wiki/Borough" title="Borough">boroughs</a> may have their own mayors; this is the case, for example, with the <a href="/wiki/Arrondissement" title="Arrondissement">arrondissements</a> of Paris, <a href="/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal">Montreal</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mexico_City" title="Mexico City">Mexico City</a>. In Belgium, <a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a> is administratively one of the federation's three regions, and is subdivided, without the other regions' provincial level, into 19 rather small municipalities, with one, the <a href="/wiki/City_of_Brussels" title="City of Brussels">City of Brussels</a>, being the kingdom's capital, which each have an elected—formally appointed—burgomaster (i.e., mayor, responsible to his/her elected council); while <a href="/wiki/Antwerp" title="Antwerp">Antwerp</a>, the other major metropolitan area, has one large city (where the boroughs, former municipalities merged into it, elect a lower level, albeit with very limited competence) and several smaller surrounding municipalities, each under a normal burgomaster as in Brussels. </p><p>In the People's Republic of China, the mayor (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">市长</span></span>) may be the administrative head of any municipality, provincial, prefecture-level, or county-level. The mayor is usually the most recognized official in cities, although the position is the second-highest-ranking official in charge after the local Communist Party secretary. In principle, the mayor (who also serves as the deputy Communist Party secretary of the city) is responsible for managing the city administration while the Communist Party secretary is responsible for general policy and managing the party bureaucracy, but in practice the roles blur, frequently causing conflict. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Acting_mayor">Acting mayor</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mayor&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: Acting mayor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Acting mayor</b> is a temporary office created by the charter of some <a href="/wiki/Municipal" class="mw-redirect" title="Municipal">municipal</a> governments. </p><p>In many cities and towns, the charter or some similar fundamental document provides that in the event of the death, illness, resignation, or removal from office of the <a href="/wiki/Incumbent" title="Incumbent">incumbent</a> mayor, another official will lead the municipality for a temporary period, which, depending on the jurisdiction, may be for a stated period of days or months until a <a href="/wiki/Special_election" class="mw-redirect" title="Special election">special election</a> can be held, or until the original end of the term to which the vacating mayor was elected. </p><p>Some cities may also provide for a <a href="/wiki/Deputy_mayor" title="Deputy mayor">deputy mayor</a> to be temporarily designated as "acting mayor" in the event that the incumbent mayor is temporarily unavailable, such as for health reasons or out-of-town travel, but still continues to hold the position and is expected to return to the duties of the office. In this latter capacity, the acting mayor's role is to ensure that city government business can continue in the regular mayor's absence, and the acting mayor is not deemed to have actually held the office of mayor. In some jurisdictions, however, when a mayor resigns or dies in office, the mayor's successor is not considered to be an acting mayor but rather fully mayor in their own right. </p><p>The position of acting mayor is usually of considerably more importance in a <a href="/wiki/Mayor-council" class="mw-redirect" title="Mayor-council">mayor-council</a> form of municipal government, where the mayor performs functions of day-to-day leadership, than it is in a <a href="/wiki/Council-manager" class="mw-redirect" title="Council-manager">council-manager</a> or <a href="/wiki/Executive_arrangements#Committee_system" title="Executive arrangements">committee system</a> forms of government, where the <a href="/wiki/City_manager" title="City manager">city manager</a> or the local council's committees respectively provide day-to-day leadership and the position of mayor is either a largely or entirely ceremonial one. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mayor&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_mayors_by_country" title="Lists of mayors by country">Lists of mayors by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deputy_mayor" title="Deputy mayor">Deputy mayor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor" title="Governor">Governor</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Concepts">Concepts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mayor&action=edit&section=48" title="Edit section: Concepts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acting_(law)" title="Acting (law)">Acting (law)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burgomaster" title="Burgomaster">Burgomaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarpanch" title="Sarpanch">Sarpanch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Mayor" title="World Mayor">World Mayor</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Local_government">Local government</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mayor&action=edit&section=49" title="Edit section: Local government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Seat_of_government" title="Seat of government">Seat of government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council%E2%80%93manager_government" title="Council–manager government">Council–manager government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayor%E2%80%93council_government" title="Mayor–council government">Mayor–council government</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Historical">Historical</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mayor&action=edit&section=50" title="Edit section: Historical"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Schulthei%C3%9F" title="Schultheiß">Schultheiß</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Praefectus_urbi" title="Praefectus urbi">Praefectus urbi</a></i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Citations">Citations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mayor&action=edit&section=51" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-HyDda-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HyDda_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HyDda_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Wade-Evans,_Arthur" class="mw-redirect" title="Wade-Evans, Arthur">Wade-Evans, Arthur</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Page:Welsh_Medieval_Law.djvu/447&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Page:Welsh Medieval Law.djvu/447 (page does not exist)">Welsh Medieval Law</a></i>. Oxford Univ., 1909. Accessed 1 February 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cityofsydney.nsw.gov.au/lord-mayor-and-councillors">"Lord Mayor and councillors"</a>. <i>City of Sydney</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=City+of+Sydney&rft.atitle=Lord+Mayor+and+councillors&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cityofsydney.nsw.gov.au%2Flord-mayor-and-councillors&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMayor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://commonslibrary.parliament.uk/research-briefings/sn05000/">"Directly-elected mayors"</a>. <i>www.commonslibrary.parliament.uk</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220726013121/https://commonslibrary.parliament.uk/research-briefings/sn05000/">Archived</a> from the original on 26 July 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.commonslibrary.parliament.uk&rft.atitle=Directly-elected+mayors&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcommonslibrary.parliament.uk%2Fresearch-briefings%2Fsn05000%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMayor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NF-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NF_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NF_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://runeberg.org/nfbc/0637.html">The article <i>Borgmästare</i> (in Swedish)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130605184600/http://runeberg.org/nfbc/0637.html">Archived</a> 5 June 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> in <a href="/wiki/Nordisk_Familjebok" class="mw-redirect" title="Nordisk Familjebok">Nordisk Familjebok</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">O'Callaghan, <i>A History of Medieval Spain</i>, 269-271.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The second L in <i>alcalde</i> evolved from the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Castilian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a> attempts at pronouncing the <a href="/wiki/Emphatic_consonant" title="Emphatic consonant">emphatic consonant</a> <a href="/wiki/%E1%B8%8C%C4%81d" title="Ḍād">ḍād</a>. The old Portuguese <a href="/wiki/Cognate" title="Cognate">cognate</a> <i>alcalde</i> was never applied to the presiding municipal officer and retained its original meaning of "judge". "Alcalde" in Corominas, <i>Diccionario crítico</i>, Vol. A-CA (1), 127.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Corominas, "Alcalde", 127.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://portal.cor.europa.eu/divisionpowers/Pages/Armenia.aspx">"Eastern Partnership Country"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230620034036/https://portal.cor.europa.eu/divisionpowers/Pages/Armenia.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 20 June 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Eastern+Partnership+Country&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fportal.cor.europa.eu%2Fdivisionpowers%2FPages%2FArmenia.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMayor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.senado.leg.br/atividade/const/con1988/con1988_05.10.1988/art_29_.asp">"Constituição da República Federativa do Brasil"</a>. <i>www.senado.leg.br</i> (in Brazilian Portuguese). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200805092446/http://www.senado.leg.br/atividade/const/con1988/CON1988_05.10.1988/art_29_.asp">Archived</a> from the original on 5 August 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.senado.leg.br&rft.atitle=Constitui%C3%A7%C3%A3o+da+Rep%C3%BAblica+Federativa+do+Brasil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.senado.leg.br%2Fatividade%2Fconst%2Fcon1988%2Fcon1988_05.10.1988%2Fart_29_.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMayor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211003003910/https://www.tse.jus.br/imprensa/noticias-tse/2020/Setembro/eleicoes-2020-95-municipios-com-mais-de-200-mil-eleitores-poderao-ter-2o-turno-em-novembro">"Eleições 2020: 95 municípios com mais de 200 mil eleitores poderão ter 2º turno em novembro"</a>. <i>www.tse.jus.br</i> (in Brazilian Portuguese). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tse.jus.br/imprensa/noticias-tse/2020/Setembro/eleicoes-2020-95-municipios-com-mais-de-200-mil-eleitores-poderao-ter-2o-turno-em-novembro">the original</a> on 3 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.tse.jus.br&rft.atitle=Elei%C3%A7%C3%B5es+2020%3A+95+munic%C3%ADpios+com+mais+de+200+mil+eleitores+poder%C3%A3o+ter+2%C2%BA+turno+em+novembro&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tse.jus.br%2Fimprensa%2Fnoticias-tse%2F2020%2FSetembro%2Feleicoes-2020-95-municipios-com-mais-de-200-mil-eleitores-poderao-ter-2o-turno-em-novembro&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMayor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211003003916/https://www.tse.jus.br/imprensa/noticias-tse/arquivos/municipios-2-turno-eleicoes-2020/rybena_pdf?file=https://www.tse.jus.br/imprensa/noticias-tse/arquivos/municipios-2-turno-eleicoes-2020/at_download/file">"PDF.js viewer"</a>. <i>www.tse.jus.br</i> (in Brazilian Portuguese). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tse.jus.br/imprensa/noticias-tse/arquivos/municipios-2-turno-eleicoes-2020/rybena_pdf?file=https://www.tse.jus.br/imprensa/noticias-tse/arquivos/municipios-2-turno-eleicoes-2020/at_download/file">the original</a> on 3 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.tse.jus.br&rft.atitle=PDF.js+viewer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tse.jus.br%2Fimprensa%2Fnoticias-tse%2Farquivos%2Fmunicipios-2-turno-eleicoes-2020%2Frybena_pdf%3Ffile%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.tse.jus.br%2Fimprensa%2Fnoticias-tse%2Farquivos%2Fmunicipios-2-turno-eleicoes-2020%2Fat_download%2Ffile&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMayor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://agenciabrasil.ebc.com.br/en/eleicoes-2020/noticia/2020-11/brazils-municipal-elections-2020-2nd-round-be-held-57-cities">"Brazil's Municipal Elections 2020: 2nd round to be held in 57 cities"</a>. <i>Agência Brasil</i>. 16 November 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211003003927/https://agenciabrasil.ebc.com.br/en/eleicoes-2020/noticia/2020-11/brazils-municipal-elections-2020-2nd-round-be-held-57-cities">Archived</a> from the original on 3 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ag%C3%AAncia+Brasil&rft.atitle=Brazil%27s+Municipal+Elections+2020%3A+2nd+round+to+be+held+in+57+cities&rft.date=2020-11-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fagenciabrasil.ebc.com.br%2Fen%2Feleicoes-2020%2Fnoticia%2F2020-11%2Fbrazils-municipal-elections-2020-2nd-round-be-held-57-cities&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMayor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartyn2024" class="citation news cs1">Martyn, Petula (6 February 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rte.ie/news/munster/2024/0206/1430705-limerick-prepares-to-vote-for-directly-elected-mayor/">"Limerick prepares to vote for directly elected mayor"</a>. <i>RTÉ News</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=RT%C3%89+News&rft.atitle=Limerick+prepares+to+vote+for+directly+elected+mayor&rft.date=2024-02-06&rft.aulast=Martyn&rft.aufirst=Petula&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rte.ie%2Fnews%2Fmunster%2F2024%2F0206%2F1430705-limerick-prepares-to-vote-for-directly-elected-mayor%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMayor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Italian)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/11358245/Del_terzo_mandato_dei_sindaci"><span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">No ai tre mandati dei sindaci. Principio di legalità batte disobbedienti</i></span></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190204222029/http://www.academia.edu/11358245/Del_terzo_mandato_dei_sindaci">Archived</a> 4 February 2019 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thesundaily.my/news/2017/10/24/elect-local-leaders">"Elect local leaders"</a>. <i>www.thesundaily.my</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180617165044/http://www.thesundaily.my/news/2017/10/24/elect-local-leaders">Archived</a> from the original on 17 June 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 June</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.thesundaily.my&rft.atitle=Elect+local+leaders&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thesundaily.my%2Fnews%2F2017%2F10%2F24%2Felect-local-leaders&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMayor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180617165117/https://www.theedgemarkets.com/article/teresa-kok-federal-territories-ministry-should-be-abolished">"Teresa Kok: Federal Territories Ministry should be abolished"</a>. <i>The Edge Markets</i>. 13 June 2018. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theedgemarkets.com/article/teresa-kok-federal-territories-ministry-should-be-abolished">the original</a> on 17 June 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 June</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Edge+Markets&rft.atitle=Teresa+Kok%3A+Federal+Territories+Ministry+should+be+abolished&rft.date=2018-06-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theedgemarkets.com%2Farticle%2Fteresa-kok-federal-territories-ministry-should-be-abolished&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMayor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.malaymail.com/s/1631905/non-partisan-local-elections-the-way-forward-says-ipoh-ngo">"Non-partisan local elections the way forward, says Ipoh NGO | Malay Mail"</a>. <i>www.malaymail.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180617165055/https://www.malaymail.com/s/1631905/non-partisan-local-elections-the-way-forward-says-ipoh-ngo">Archived</a> from the original on 17 June 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 June</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.malaymail.com&rft.atitle=Non-partisan+local+elections+the+way+forward%2C+says+Ipoh+NGO+%7C+Malay+Mail&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.malaymail.com%2Fs%2F1631905%2Fnon-partisan-local-elections-the-way-forward-says-ipoh-ngo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMayor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theedgemarkets.com/article/local-elections-begin-soon-economy-stabilises">"Local elections to begin as soon as economy stabilises"</a>. <i>The Edge Markets</i>. 28 May 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180617165049/http://www.theedgemarkets.com/article/local-elections-begin-soon-economy-stabilises">Archived</a> from the original on 17 June 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 June</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Edge+Markets&rft.atitle=Local+elections+to+begin+as+soon+as+economy+stabilises&rft.date=2018-05-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theedgemarkets.com%2Farticle%2Flocal-elections-begin-soon-economy-stabilises&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMayor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBorst2021" class="citation news cs1">Borst, Thomas (16 April 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nrc.nl/nieuws/2021/04/16/partijloze-burgemeester-in-opmars-korpschef-schouten-voorgedragen-in-alkmaar-a4040113">"Partijloze burgemeester in opmars: Korpschef Schouten voorgedragen in Alkmaar"</a>. <i>NRC</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211103201159/https://www.nrc.nl/nieuws/2021/04/16/partijloze-burgemeester-in-opmars-korpschef-schouten-voorgedragen-in-alkmaar-a4040113">Archived</a> from the original on 3 November 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NRC&rft.atitle=Partijloze+burgemeester+in+opmars%3A+Korpschef+Schouten+voorgedragen+in+Alkmaar&rft.date=2021-04-16&rft.aulast=Borst&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nrc.nl%2Fnieuws%2F2021%2F04%2F16%2Fpartijloze-burgemeester-in-opmars-korpschef-schouten-voorgedragen-in-alkmaar-a4040113&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMayor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rappler.com/nation/elections/city-mayor-vice-councilor-philippines-powers-duties/">"Powers and Duties: City Mayor, Vice Mayor, Councilor in the Philippines"</a>. May 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220808010418/https://www.rappler.com/nation/elections/city-mayor-vice-councilor-philippines-powers-duties/">Archived</a> from the original on 8 August 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Powers+and+Duties%3A+City+Mayor%2C+Vice+Mayor%2C+Councilor+in+the+Philippines&rft.date=2021-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rappler.com%2Fnation%2Felections%2Fcity-mayor-vice-councilor-philippines-powers-duties%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMayor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAPD-Timișoara" class="citation web cs1">APD-Timișoara. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://legislatie.resurse-pentru-democratie.org/legea/215-2001.php">"Legea nr. 215/2001"</a>. <i>resurse-pentru-democratie.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141104170314/http://legislatie.resurse-pentru-democratie.org/legea/215-2001.php">Archived</a> from the original on 4 November 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 December</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=resurse-pentru-democratie.org&rft.atitle=Legea+nr.+215%2F2001&rft.au=APD-Timi%C8%99oara&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flegislatie.resurse-pentru-democratie.org%2Flegea%2F215-2001.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMayor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151222162625/http://www.mlg.ru/ratings/mayors/2949/6/2014/4/">"Рейтинги мэров"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mlg.ru/ratings/mayors/2949/6/2014/4/">the original</a> on 22 December 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 June</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B8+%D0%BC%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mlg.ru%2Fratings%2Fmayors%2F2949%2F6%2F2014%2F4%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMayor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://russia-rating.ru/info/1530.html">"Регионы России: Рейтинг Мэров (Май, 2014)"</a>. <i>russia-rating.ru</i>. 12 May 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150220100742/http://russia-rating.ru/info/1530.html">Archived</a> from the original on 20 February 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 June</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=russia-rating.ru&rft.atitle=%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8B+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8%3A+%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3+%D0%9C%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2+%28%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B9%2C+2014%29&rft.date=2014-05-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frussia-rating.ru%2Finfo%2F1530.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMayor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ferreira, Fernando, and Joseph Gyourko. 2014. "Does Gender Matter for Political Leadership? The Case of U.S. Mayors." Journal of Public Economics 112 (April): 24-39.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Holman, Mirya R. 2016. "Gender, Political Rhetoric, and Moral Metaphors in the State of the City Addresses." <i>Urban Affairs Review</i> 52 (4): 501-530.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="General_references">General references</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mayor&action=edit&section=52" title="Edit section: General references"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFairlie1910" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Archibald_Fairlie" title="John Archibald Fairlie">Fairlie, John Archibald</a> (1910). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cu31924014071116"><i>Municipal Administration</i></a>. New York: Macmillan.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Municipal+Administration&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Macmillan&rft.date=1910&rft.aulast=Fairlie&rft.aufirst=John+Archibald&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcu31924014071116&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMayor" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLowell1908" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/A._Lawrence_Lowell" title="A. Lawrence Lowell">Lowell, A. Lawrence</a> (1908). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/000349002"><i>The government of England</i></a>. New York: Macmillan.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+government+of+England&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Macmillan&rft.date=1908&rft.aulast=Lowell&rft.aufirst=A.+Lawrence&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcatalog.hathitrust.org%2FRecord%2F000349002&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMayor" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRedlichHirst1903" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-interwiki-linked-name"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josef_Redlich" class="extiw" title="de:Josef Redlich">Redlich, Josef</a> <span class="cs1-format">[in German]</span>; <a href="/wiki/Francis_Wrigley_Hirst" class="mw-redirect" title="Francis Wrigley Hirst">Hirst, Francis Wrigley</a> (1903). <i>Local government in England</i>. London: Macmillan.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Local+government+in+England&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Macmillan&rft.date=1903&rft.aulast=Redlich&rft.aufirst=Josef&rft.au=Hirst%2C+Francis+Wrigley&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMayor" class="Z3988"></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/localgovernmenti01redluoft/page/n7">Vol. I</a> ; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/localgovernmenti02redluoft/page/n7">Vol.II</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShaw1895" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Albert_Shaw_(journalist)" title="Albert Shaw (journalist)">Shaw, Albert</a> (1895). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.205105"><i>Municipal Government in Continental Europe</i></a>. New York: Century.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Municipal+Government+in+Continental+Europe&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Century&rft.date=1895&rft.aulast=Shaw&rft.aufirst=Albert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fin.ernet.dli.2015.205105&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMayor" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWebbWebb1908" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Sidney_Webb" class="mw-redirect" title="Sidney Webb">Webb, Sidney</a>; <a href="/wiki/Beatrice_Webb" title="Beatrice Webb">Webb, Beatrice</a> (1908). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/510257.html"><i>English Local Government from the Revolution to the Municipal Corporations Act: The Manor and the Borough</i></a>. London: Longmans, Green.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=English+Local+Government+from+the+Revolution+to+the+Municipal+Corporations+Act%3A+The+Manor+and+the+Borough&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Longmans%2C+Green&rft.date=1908&rft.aulast=Webb&rft.aufirst=Sidney&rft.au=Webb%2C+Beatrice&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcatalog.hathitrust.org%2Fapi%2Fvolumes%2Foclc%2F510257.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMayor" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mayor&action=edit&section=53" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30185#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30185#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85082436">United States</a></span></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Women mayors"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh88000075">2</a></span></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Maires"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119401390">France</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Maires"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119401390">BnF data</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="starostové"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph126027&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="starostky"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph913722&CON_LNG=ENG">2</a></span></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007558269905171">Israel</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007546358205171">2</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/fr/articles/010246">Historical Dictionary of Switzerland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10639265">NARA</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mayor&oldid=1257853334">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mayor&oldid=1257853334</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mayors" title="Category:Mayors">Mayors</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Government_occupations" 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