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class="mw-page-title-main">Burgomaster</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 26 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-26" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">26 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AE%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1" title="بورخميستر – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بورخميستر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80" title="Бурмістр – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Бурмістр" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Бурмістар – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Бурмістар" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burgmestre" title="Burgmestre – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Burgmestre" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purkmistr" title="Purkmistr – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Purkmistr" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%BCrgermeister" title="Bürgermeister – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Bürgermeister" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burgomaestre" title="Burgomaestre – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Burgomaestre" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burgumaisu" title="Burgumaisu – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Burgumaisu" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bourgmestre" title="Bourgmestre – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Bourgmestre" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80%D5%B4%D5%AB%D5%BD%D5%BF%D6%80" title="Բուրմիստր – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բուրմիստր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burgomaster" title="Burgomaster – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Burgomaster" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borgarstj%C3%B3ri" title="Borgarstjóri – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Borgarstjóri" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D3%99%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BC%D1%96" title="Қала әкімі – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Қала әкімі" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mfumu_ya_komune" title="Mfumu ya komune – Kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Mfumu ya komune" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burmistras" title="Burmistras – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Burmistras" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bugum%C3%A9si" title="Bugumési – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Bugumési" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burgomaster" title="Burgomaster – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Burgomaster" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borgermester" title="Borgermester – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Borgermester" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borgarmeister" title="Borgarmeister – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Borgarmeister" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burmistr" title="Burmistr – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Burmistr" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burgomestre" title="Burgomestre – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Burgomestre" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burgmaistru" title="Burgmaistru – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Burgmaistru" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80" title="Бурмистр – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Бурмистр" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%BCrgermeister" title="Bürgermeister – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Bürgermeister" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Me%C5%A1%C5%A5anosta" title="Mešťanosta – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" 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</div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q177529" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Archaic term for a mayor</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the horse, see <a href="/wiki/Burgomaster_(horse)" title="Burgomaster (horse)">Burgomaster (horse)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Burgermeister" redirects here. For the fictional character Burgermeister Meisterburger, see <a href="/wiki/Santa_Claus_Is_Comin%27_to_Town_(TV_special)" title="Santa Claus Is Comin' to Town (TV special)">Santa Claus Is Comin' to Town (TV special)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Burgomaster" title="Special:EditPage/Burgomaster">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Burgomaster%22">"Burgomaster"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Burgomaster%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Burgomaster%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Burgomaster%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Burgomaster%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Burgomaster%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2015</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%27The_Burgomaster%27s_Family%27,_Dutch_oil_on_canvas_painting,_c._1640,_Honolulu_Academy_of_Arts.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/%27The_Burgomaster%27s_Family%27%2C_Dutch_oil_on_canvas_painting%2C_c._1640%2C_Honolulu_Academy_of_Arts.jpg/250px-%27The_Burgomaster%27s_Family%27%2C_Dutch_oil_on_canvas_painting%2C_c._1640%2C_Honolulu_Academy_of_Arts.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/%27The_Burgomaster%27s_Family%27%2C_Dutch_oil_on_canvas_painting%2C_c._1640%2C_Honolulu_Academy_of_Arts.jpg/500px-%27The_Burgomaster%27s_Family%27%2C_Dutch_oil_on_canvas_painting%2C_c._1640%2C_Honolulu_Academy_of_Arts.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="3168" data-file-height="1941" /></a><figcaption><i>The Burgomaster's Family</i>, possibly painted by <a href="/wiki/Gerard_Donck" title="Gerard Donck">Gerard Donck</a> <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1640</span></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Manneken_Pis_en_costume_des_Lignages_de_Bruxelles.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Manneken_Pis_en_costume_des_Lignages_de_Bruxelles.jpg/250px-Manneken_Pis_en_costume_des_Lignages_de_Bruxelles.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="361" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Manneken_Pis_en_costume_des_Lignages_de_Bruxelles.jpg/375px-Manneken_Pis_en_costume_des_Lignages_de_Bruxelles.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Manneken_Pis_en_costume_des_Lignages_de_Bruxelles.jpg/500px-Manneken_Pis_en_costume_des_Lignages_de_Bruxelles.jpg 2x" data-file-width="578" data-file-height="834" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Manneken_Pis" title="Manneken Pis">Manneken Pis</a></i> dressed as a burgomaster from the <a href="/wiki/Seven_Noble_Houses_of_Brussels" title="Seven Noble Houses of Brussels">Seven Noble Houses of Brussels</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Burgomaster</b> (alternatively spelled <b>burgermeister</b>, <abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">master of the <a href="/wiki/Town" title="Town">town</a>/<a href="/wiki/Borough" title="Borough">borough</a>/<a href="/wiki/Fortress" class="mw-redirect" title="Fortress">fortress</a>/<a href="/wiki/Citizen" class="mw-redirect" title="Citizen">citizens</a></span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>) is the English form of various terms in or derived from <a href="/wiki/Germanic_languages" title="Germanic languages">Germanic languages</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Chief_magistrate" title="Chief magistrate">chief magistrate</a> or executive of a city or town. The name in English was derived from the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a> <b><span title="Dutch-language text"><i lang="nl">burgemeester</i></span></b>. </p><p>In some cases, burgomaster was the title of the <a href="/wiki/Head_of_state" title="Head of state">head of state</a> and <a href="/wiki/Head_of_government" title="Head of government">head of government</a> of a <a href="/wiki/Sovereignty" title="Sovereignty">sovereign</a> (or partially or de facto sovereign) <a href="/wiki/City-state" title="City-state">city-state</a>, sometimes combined with other titles, such as <a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Hamburg" title="Government of Hamburg">First Mayor and President of the Senate</a>). Contemporary titles are commonly translated into English as <i><a href="/wiki/Mayor" title="Mayor">mayor</a></i>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historical_use">Historical use</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Burgomaster&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Historical use"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:HS_140_fol_53v_BMraitung_Erhart_Hugkh_1505.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/HS_140_fol_53v_BMraitung_Erhart_Hugkh_1505.jpg/250px-HS_140_fol_53v_BMraitung_Erhart_Hugkh_1505.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/HS_140_fol_53v_BMraitung_Erhart_Hugkh_1505.jpg/375px-HS_140_fol_53v_BMraitung_Erhart_Hugkh_1505.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/33/HS_140_fol_53v_BMraitung_Erhart_Hugkh_1505.jpg 2x" data-file-width="401" data-file-height="189" /></a><figcaption>Caption of a <i>Bürgermeisteramt</i> from 1505 (burgomaster Erhart Huck of <a href="/wiki/Bozen" class="mw-redirect" title="Bozen">Bozen</a>, South Tyrol)</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>The title "burgermeister" was first used in the early 13th century.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In history (sometimes until the beginning of the 19th century) in many <a href="/wiki/Free_imperial_city" title="Free imperial city">free imperial cities</a> (such as <a href="/wiki/Bremen" title="Bremen">Bremen</a>, Hamburg, <a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCbeck" title="Lübeck">Lübeck</a>, etc.) the function of burgomaster was usually held simultaneously by three persons, serving as an executive college. One of the three being burgomaster in chief for a year (called in some cases in German: <i lang="de">präsidierender Bürgermeister</i>; in <i>presiding burgomaster</i>), the second being the prior burgomaster in chief, the third being the upcoming one. <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Präsidierender Bürgermeister</i></span> is now an obsolete formulation sometimes found in historic texts.</li> <li>In an important city, especially in a <a href="/wiki/City_state" class="mw-redirect" title="City state">city state</a> (Stadtstaat), where one of the <i>Bürgermeister</i> has a rank equivalent to that of a <a href="/wiki/Minister-president" title="Minister-president">minister-president</a> (<a href="/wiki/Governor_(US)" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor (US)">governor</a>), there can be several posts called <i>Bürgermeister</i> in the city's executive college, justifying the use of a compound title for the actual highest magistrate (also rendered as <a href="/wiki/Lord_mayor" title="Lord mayor">lord mayor</a>), such as: <ul><li><i>Regierender Bürgermeister</i> (literally 'governing burgomaster', commonly translated as <a href="/wiki/Governing_Mayor_of_Berlin" title="Governing Mayor of Berlin">governing mayor</a>) in <a href="/wiki/West_Berlin" title="West Berlin">West Berlin</a> and reunited Berlin,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while in Berlin the term <i>Bürgermeister</i> without attribute – English <i>Mayor</i> – refers to his deputies,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and while the heads of the 12 <a href="/wiki/Borough" title="Borough">boroughs</a> of Berlin are called <i>Bezirksbürgermeister</i>, English <i>borough mayor</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Erster Bürgermeister</i> (literally <a href="/wiki/First_Mayor_of_the_city-state_of_Hamburg" class="mw-redirect" title="First Mayor of the city-state of Hamburg">First Burgomaster</a>) in <a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a></li> <li><i>Bürgermeister und Präsident des Senats</i> ('Burgomaster and President of <a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Bremen" title="Senate of Bremen">the Senate</a>') in <a href="/wiki/Bremen_(state)" title="Bremen (state)">Bremen</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Amtsbürgermeister</i></span></b> (German; roughly translated: 'District Burgomaster') can be used for the chief magistrate of a Swiss constitutive <a href="/wiki/Cantons_of_Switzerland" title="Cantons of Switzerland">canton</a>, as in <a href="/wiki/Aargau" title="Aargau">Aargau</a> 1815–1831 (next styled <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Landamman" class="mw-redirect" title="Landamman">Landamman</a></i></span>).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Contemporary_use">Contemporary use</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Burgomaster&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Contemporary use"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="By_jurisdiction">By jurisdiction</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Burgomaster&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: By jurisdiction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bartholom%C3%A4us_Bruyn_(I)_-_Burgomaster_Arnold_von_Brauweiler_-_WGA03660.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Bartholom%C3%A4us_Bruyn_%28I%29_-_Burgomaster_Arnold_von_Brauweiler_-_WGA03660.jpg/250px-Bartholom%C3%A4us_Bruyn_%28I%29_-_Burgomaster_Arnold_von_Brauweiler_-_WGA03660.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="360" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Bartholom%C3%A4us_Bruyn_%28I%29_-_Burgomaster_Arnold_von_Brauweiler_-_WGA03660.jpg/375px-Bartholom%C3%A4us_Bruyn_%28I%29_-_Burgomaster_Arnold_von_Brauweiler_-_WGA03660.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Bartholom%C3%A4us_Bruyn_%28I%29_-_Burgomaster_Arnold_von_Brauweiler_-_WGA03660.jpg/500px-Bartholom%C3%A4us_Bruyn_%28I%29_-_Burgomaster_Arnold_von_Brauweiler_-_WGA03660.jpg 2x" data-file-width="671" data-file-height="966" /></a><figcaption>Arnold von Brauweiler, a German burgomaster, known in German as <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Bürgermeister</i></span></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Bürgermeister</i></span> (literally: 'master of the citizens'), in German: in Germany, Austria, <a href="/wiki/South_Tyrol" title="South Tyrol">South Tyrol</a>, and formerly in <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a>. In Switzerland, the title was abolished mid-19th century; various current titles for roughly equivalent offices include <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Gemeinde_(Switzerland)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gemeinde (Switzerland)">Gemeindepräsident</a></i></span>, <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Stadtpräsident</i></span>, <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Gemeindeamtmann</i></span>, and <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Stadtamtmann</i></span>. <ul><li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Oberbürgermeister</i></span> ('Supreme Burgomaster') is the most common version for a mayor in a big city in Germany (it is not in use in Austria). The <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Ober-</i></span> (lit. <i>upper</i>) prefix is used in many ranking systems for the next level up including military designations. The mayors of cities, which simultaneously comprise one of Germany's 112 <a href="/wiki/Kreisfreie_Stadt" class="mw-redirect" title="Kreisfreie Stadt">urban districts</a> usually bear this title. <i>Urban districts</i> are comparable to <a href="/wiki/Independent_city" title="Independent city">independent cities</a> in the English-speaking world. However, also the mayors of some cities, which do not comprise an urban district, but often used to comprise one until the territorial reforms in the 1970s, bear the title <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Oberbürgermeister</i></span>. It is often translated into English as <a href="/wiki/Lord_mayor" title="Lord mayor">lord mayor</a>.</li></ul></li> <li><span title="Danish-language text"><i lang="da">Borgmester</i></span> (<a href="/wiki/Danish_language" title="Danish language">Danish</a>)</li> <li><span title="Icelandic-language text"><i lang="is">Borgarstjóri</i></span> (<a href="/wiki/Icelandic_language" title="Icelandic language">Icelandic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Faroese_language" title="Faroese language">Faroese</a>)</li> <li><span title="Bokmål-language text"><i lang="nb">Borgermester</i></span> (<a href="/wiki/Bokm%C3%A5l" title="Bokmål">Norwegian (Bokmål)</a>)</li> <li><span title="Low German-language text"><i lang="nds">Börgermester</i></span> (<a href="/wiki/Low_German" title="Low German">Low German</a>)</li> <li><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Burgomaestre</i></span> (<a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>)</li> <li><span title="Czech-language text"><i lang="cs">Purkmistr</i></span> (<a href="/wiki/Czech_language" title="Czech language">Czech</a>)</li> <li><span title="Basque-language text"><i lang="eu">Burgumaisu</i></span> (<a href="/wiki/Basque_language" title="Basque language">Basque</a>)</li> <li><span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">Borgomastro</i></span> or <span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">Sindaco-Borgomastro</i></span> (<a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>): in few communes of <a href="/wiki/Lombardy" title="Lombardy">Lombardy</a></li> <li><span title="Dutch-language text"><i lang="nl">Burgemeester</i></span> (<a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a>); in <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a> a party-political post, though formally nominated by the regional government and answerable to it, the federal state and even the province. Mayor. In the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a> nominated by the municipal council but appointed by the crown. In theory above the parties, in practice a high-profile party-political post.</li> <li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Bourgmestre</i></span> (<a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>) in Belgium, <a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative divisions of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><span title="Portuguese-language text"><i lang="pt">Burgomestre</i></span> (<a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a>)</li> <li><span title="Estonian-language text"><i lang="et">Bürgermeister</i></span> (<a href="/wiki/Estonian_language" title="Estonian language">Estonian</a>)</li> <li><span title="Lithuanian-language text"><i lang="lt">Burmistras</i></span> (<a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_language" title="Lithuanian language">Lithuanian</a>), derived from German.</li> <li><span title="Luxembourgish-language text"><i lang="lb">Buergermeeschter</i></span> (<a href="/wiki/Luxembourgish_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Luxembourgish language">Luxembourgish</a>)</li> <li><span title="Hungarian-language text"><i lang="hu">Polgármester</i></span> (<a href="/wiki/Hungarian_language" title="Hungarian language">Hungarian</a>), derived from German.</li> <li><span title="Polish-language text"><i lang="pl">Burmistrz</i></span> (<a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a>), a <a href="/wiki/Mayor" title="Mayor">mayoral</a> title, derived from German. The German form <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Oberbürgermeister</i></span> ('Supreme Burgomaster') is often translated as <span title="Polish-language text"><i lang="pl">Nadburmistrz</i></span>. The German-derived terminology reflects the involvement of German settlers in the early history of many Polish towns.</li> <li><span title="Swedish-language text"><i lang="sv">Borgmästare</i></span>, <span title="Swedish-language text"><i lang="sv">kommunalborgmästare</i></span> (<a href="/wiki/Swedish_language" title="Swedish language">Swedish</a>); the title is not used in Sweden in present times, the closest equivalent being <span title="Swedish-language text"><i lang="sv">kommunalråd</i></span> (often translated to English as <a href="/wiki/Municipal_commissioner" title="Municipal commissioner">Municipal commissioner</a>) or <span title="Swedish-language text"><i lang="sv">borgarråd</i></span> (only in <a href="/wiki/Stockholm_Municipality" title="Stockholm Municipality">Stockholm City</a>).</li> <li><span title="West Frisian-language text"><i lang="fy">Boargemaster</i></span> (<a href="/wiki/West_Frisian_language" title="West Frisian language">West Frisian</a>)</li> <li><span title="Finnish-language text"><i lang="fi">Pormestari</i></span> (<a href="/wiki/Finnish_language" title="Finnish language">Finnish</a>)</li> <li><span title="Ukrainian-language text"><span lang="uk" style="font-style: normal;">Бурмістр</span></span> (<a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_language" title="Ukrainian language">Ukrainian</a>); presently unofficial, usage limited to certain western <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_dialects" title="Ukrainian dialects">Ukrainian dialects</a>. Derived from German via Polish usage.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span title="Belarusian-language text"><span lang="be" style="font-style: normal;">Бурмістр</span></span> (<a href="/wiki/Belarusian_language" title="Belarusian language">Belarusian</a>); used in <a href="/wiki/Podlaskie_Voivodeship" title="Podlaskie Voivodeship">Podlaskie Voivodeship</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span title="Kashubian-language text"><i lang="csb">Bùrméster</i></span> (<a href="/wiki/Kashubian_language" title="Kashubian language">Kashubian</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2015-04-02_raadsvergadering_oij_08.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/2015-04-02_raadsvergadering_oij_08.JPG/220px-2015-04-02_raadsvergadering_oij_08.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/2015-04-02_raadsvergadering_oij_08.JPG/330px-2015-04-02_raadsvergadering_oij_08.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/2015-04-02_raadsvergadering_oij_08.JPG/440px-2015-04-02_raadsvergadering_oij_08.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4665" data-file-height="3231" /></a><figcaption>Session of the council of the community <a href="/wiki/Oude_IJsselstreek" title="Oude IJsselstreek">Oude IJsselstreek</a>, eastern Netherlands: mayor <a href="/wiki/Steven_de_Vreeze" title="Steven de Vreeze">Steven de Vreeze</a> (right) as chairman of the council.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Low_Countries">Low Countries</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Burgomaster&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Low Countries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a> and <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a>, the <b>mayor</b> (<a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a>: <i lang="nl">burgemeester</i> or <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: <i lang="fr">bourgmestre</i>) is an appointed government position, whose main responsibility is chairing the executive and legislative councils of a <a href="/wiki/Municipal_politics_in_the_Netherlands" title="Municipal politics in the Netherlands">municipality</a>. </p><p>In the Netherlands, mayors chair both the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_mayor_and_aldermen" class="mw-redirect" title="Council of mayor and aldermen">council of mayor and aldermen</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Municipal_council_(Netherlands)" title="Municipal council (Netherlands)">municipal council</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They are members of the council of mayor and aldermen (<a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a>: <i lang="nl">college van burgemeester en wethouders</i>, B&W) and have their own portfolios, always including safety and public order. They also have a representative role for the municipal government, both to its civilians and to other authorities on the local, regional and national level. </p><p>A large majority of mayors are members of a political party. This can be the majority party in the municipal council, but there are many exceptions on this. However, the mayors are expected to exercise their office in a non-partisan way. </p><p>The mayor is appointed by the national government (the Crown) for a renewable six-year term. In the past, mayors for important cities were often chosen after negotiations (behind the scenes) between the national parties. This appointment procedure has been criticised because it was seen by some as undemocratic. Especially the party <a href="/wiki/Democrats_66" title="Democrats 66">D66</a> had a direct election of the mayor as one of the main objectives in its platform. In the early 2000s, proposals for change were discussed in the national parliament. However, opponents of the status quo were divided between two alternatives: direct election of the mayor by the people or appointment by the municipal council. A constitutional change to direct election gained a majority in both chambers but failed to pass the final vote in the <a href="/wiki/Senate_of_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Senate of the Netherlands">Senate</a> in March 2005. </p><p>In the meantime, although the law remained the same, the practice changed. Nowadays, when a vacancy occurs, a special committee of the municipal council interviews (behind closed doors) candidates, which are pre-selected by the provincial governor (the <a href="/wiki/King%27s_Commissioner" class="mw-redirect" title="King's Commissioner">King's Commissioner</a>). After advice by the committee, the council express its preferences to the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_the_Interior_and_Kingdom_Relations" title="Ministry of the Interior and Kingdom Relations">Minister of the Interior</a>, who almost always follows this recommendation. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Burgomaster&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBishop1908" class="citation journal cs1">Bishop, Joseph Torrey (1908). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/american-political-science-review/article/abs/burgermeister-germanys-chief-municipal-magistrate/2F77FAF1108AEBF6BADFFFB99C49F3CB">"The Burgermeister, Germany's Chief Municipal Magistrate"</a>. <i>American Political Science Review</i>. <b>2</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">396–</span>410. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1944809">10.2307/1944809</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/2027%2Fhvd.hx3ee5">2027/hvd.hx3ee5</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1537-5943">1537-5943</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1944809">1944809</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:143649993">143649993</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Political+Science+Review&rft.atitle=The+Burgermeister%2C+Germany%27s+Chief+Municipal+Magistrate&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E396-%3C%2Fspan%3E410&rft.date=1908&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F2027%2Fhvd.hx3ee5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1944809%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1944809&rft.issn=1537-5943&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A143649993%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Bishop&rft.aufirst=Joseph+Torrey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cambridge.org%2Fcore%2Fjournals%2Famerican-political-science-review%2Farticle%2Fabs%2Fburgermeister-germanys-chief-municipal-magistrate%2F2F77FAF1108AEBF6BADFFFB99C49F3CB&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurgomaster" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span 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Land Berlin, Der Regierende Bürgermeister, Senatskanzlei. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.berlin.de/rbmskzl/rbm/lebenslauf/curriculum.html">the original</a> on 30 March 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 April</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Curriculum+Vitae+Klaus+Wowereit&rft.pub=Land+Berlin%2C+Der+Regierende+B%C3%BCrgermeister%2C+Senatskanzlei&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.berlin.de%2Frbmskzl%2Frbm%2Flebenslauf%2Fcurriculum.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurgomaster" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">cf. Article 56 sec. 2 of the <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110612095927/http://www.berlin.de/rbmskzl/verfassung/section4.html">"Constitution of the State of Berlin (part 4)"</a>. Land Berlin, Der Regierende Bürgermeister, Senatskanzlei. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.berlin.de/rbmskzl/verfassung/section4.html">the original</a> on 12 June 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 April</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Constitution+of+the+State+of+Berlin+%28part+4%29&rft.pub=Land+Berlin%2C+Der+Regierende+B%C3%BCrgermeister%2C+Senatskanzlei&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.berlin.de%2Frbmskzl%2Fverfassung%2Fsection4.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurgomaster" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">cf. Article 74 sec. 2 of the <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110612095941/http://www.berlin.de/rbmskzl/verfassung/section6.html">"Constitution of the State of Berlin (part 6)"</a>. Land Berlin, Der Regierende Bürgermeister, Senatskanzlei. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 April</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Constitution+of+the+State+of+Berlin+%28part+6%29&rft.pub=Land+Berlin%2C+Der+Regierende+B%C3%BCrgermeister%2C+Senatskanzlei&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.berlin.de%2Frbmskzl%2Fverfassung%2Fsection6.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurgomaster" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKochan" class="citation journal cs1">Kochan, Iryna. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://institutes.lnu.edu.ua/franko/wp-content/uploads/sites/7/ivan-franko-zbirnyk-2010-t02/30Iryna_Kochan.pdf">"Іван Франко та іншомовні слова"</a> [Ivan Franko and foreign-language words] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Проблеми мовознаства</i>: 294.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8+%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0&rft.atitle=%D0%86%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD+%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE+%D1%82%D0%B0+%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%88%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%96+%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0&rft.pages=294&rft.aulast=Kochan&rft.aufirst=Iryna&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Finstitutes.lnu.edu.ua%2Ffranko%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2Fsites%2F7%2Fivan-franko-zbirnyk-2010-t02%2F30Iryna_Kochan.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurgomaster" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFShaikouskaya" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Shaikouskaya, Anna. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kamunikat.org/naviny.html?artid=10699">"Юліта Неплах-Сітніцка: Беларуская культура тут мае глыбокія карані"</a> [Yulita Neplakh-Sitnitska: Belarusian culture here has deep roots]. <i>Kamunikat</i> (in Belarusian)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Kamunikat&rft.atitle=%D0%AE%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0+%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%85-%D0%A1%D1%96%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B0%3A+%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0+%D1%82%D1%83%D1%82+%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B5+%D0%B3%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%8F+%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96&rft.aulast=Shaikouskaya&rft.aufirst=Anna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkamunikat.org%2Fnaviny.html%3Fartid%3D10699&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurgomaster" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://belsat.eu/programs/15-11-2021-dyrektar-belaruskaga-litseyu-u-belsku-padlyaskim-tsyazhka-adkazats-navoshta-vuchnyu-belaruskaya-mova">"Дырэктар беларускага ліцэю ў Бельску-Падляскім: "Цяжка адказаць, навошта вучню беларуская мова"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a> [Director of the Belarusian liceum in Bielsk Podlaski: "Hard to answer why one should learn Belarusian"]. <i><a href="/wiki/Belsat" class="mw-redirect" title="Belsat">Belsat</a></i> (in Belarusian). 15 November 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Belsat&rft.atitle=%D0%94%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80+%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0+%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%86%D1%8D%D1%8E+%D1%9E+%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%83-%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BC%3A+%22%D0%A6%D1%8F%D0%B6%D0%BA%D0%B0+%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8C%2C+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0+%D0%B2%D1%83%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8E+%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%22&rft.date=2021-11-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbelsat.eu%2Fprograms%2F15-11-2021-dyrektar-belaruskaga-litseyu-u-belsku-padlyaskim-tsyazhka-adkazats-navoshta-vuchnyu-belaruskaya-mova&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurgomaster" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sloworz.org/word/11853/meaning/13563">"Bùrméster"</a>. <i>sloworz.org</i> (in Polish)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=sloworz.org&rft.atitle=B%C3%B9rm%C3%A9ster&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsloworz.org%2Fword%2F11853%2Fmeaning%2F13563&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurgomaster" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">A Dutch mayor does not vote in the municipal council.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Burgomaster&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/burgomaster" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:burgomaster">burgomaster</a></b></i>, <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/burgomeister" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:burgomeister">burgomeister</a></b></i>, or <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/burghermaster" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:burghermaster">burghermaster</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Swiss_Cantons1.html#Aargau">WorldStatesmen—here Switzerland, see also other present countries</a></li></ul> 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