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href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%86_%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%8C%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Малц ликьор – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Малц ликьор" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Licor_de_malta" title="Licor de malta – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Licor de malta" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malt_liquor" title="Malt liquor – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Malt liquor" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malt_liquor" title="Malt liquor – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Malt liquor" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malt_liquor" title="Malt liquor – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Malt liquor" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%91%D1%80" title="Солодовый ликёр – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Солодовый ликёр" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" 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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Beer with high alcohol content</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CountryClubShiner.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/CountryClubShiner.jpg/250px-CountryClubShiner.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="289" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/CountryClubShiner.jpg/375px-CountryClubShiner.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/CountryClubShiner.jpg/500px-CountryClubShiner.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1152" data-file-height="1334" /></a><figcaption>A 12 oz (355 mL) longneck beer bottle (left) and a 40 oz (1183 mL) bottle of malt liquor</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Malt liquor</b> is a type of mass market <a href="/wiki/Beer" title="Beer">beer</a> with high <a href="/wiki/Alcohol_(drug)" title="Alcohol (drug)">alcohol</a> content, most closely associated with <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a>. Legally, it often<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(geographic_names)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (geographic names)"><span title="The geographic scope near this tag is ambiguous. (March 2024)">where?</span></a></i>]</sup> includes any <a href="/wiki/Alcoholic_beverage" title="Alcoholic beverage">alcoholic beverage</a> with 5% or more <a href="/wiki/Alcohol_by_volume" title="Alcohol by volume">alcohol by volume</a> made with <a href="/wiki/Malted_barley" class="mw-redirect" title="Malted barley">malted barley</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In common usage, it refers to beers of high alcohol content, generally above 6%, which are made with ingredients and processes resembling those for <a href="/wiki/American-style_lager" class="mw-redirect" title="American-style lager">American-style lagers</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Manufacture">Manufacture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malt_liquor&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Manufacture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Malt liquor is a <a href="/wiki/Strong_lager" class="mw-redirect" title="Strong lager">strong lager</a> or <a href="/wiki/Ale" title="Ale">ale</a> in which <a href="/wiki/Sugar" title="Sugar">sugar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maize" title="Maize">corn</a> or other <a href="/wiki/Adjuncts" title="Adjuncts">adjuncts</a> are added to the malted barley to boost the total amount of fermentable sugars in the <a href="/wiki/Wort" title="Wort">wort</a>. This increases the final alcohol concentration without creating a heavier or sweeter taste. Also, it is not heavily <a href="/wiki/Hops" title="Hops">hopped</a>, so it is not very <a href="/wiki/Taste#Bitterness" title="Taste">bitter</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Brewing_and_legal_definitions">Brewing and legal definitions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malt_liquor&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Brewing and legal definitions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Malt liquor is typically straw to pale amber in color. While traditional premium lager is made primarily from <a href="/wiki/Barley" title="Barley">barley</a>, water, and <a href="/wiki/Hops" title="Hops">hops</a>, malt liquors tend to make much greater use of inexpensive adjuncts such as <a href="/wiki/Maize" title="Maize">corn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rice" title="Rice">rice</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Dextrose" class="mw-redirect" title="Dextrose">dextrose</a>. Use of these adjuncts, along with the addition of special <a href="/wiki/Enzymes" class="mw-redirect" title="Enzymes">enzymes</a>, results in a higher percentage of alcohol than an average beer. Higher-alcohol versions, sometimes called "<a href="/wiki/High-gravity_beer" class="mw-redirect" title="High-gravity beer">high-gravity</a>" or just "HG", may contain high levels of <a href="/wiki/Fusel_alcohol" title="Fusel alcohol">fusel alcohols</a>, which give off solvent- or fuel-like aromas and flavors.<sup id="cite_ref-forty-beeradvocate_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-forty-beeradvocate-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Owing to inconsistencies in American alcoholic beverage regulations, which can vary from state to state, the term "malt liquor" lacks a stable definition. In some states, malt liquor refers to any alcoholic beverage made by <a href="/wiki/Brewing#Fermenting" title="Brewing">fermenting</a> <a href="/wiki/Grain" title="Grain">grain</a> and water; in these states a <a href="/wiki/Non-alcoholic_beer" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-alcoholic beer">non-alcoholic beer</a> may also be called a non-alcoholic or non-intoxicating malt liquor. In some states<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Avoid_weasel_words" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Avoid weasel words"><span title="The material near this tag possibly uses too vague attribution or weasel words. (March 2024)">which?</span></a></i>]</sup>, products labeled "beer" must fall below a certain alcohol content, and beers that exceed the mark must be labeled as "malt liquor".<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> While ordinary beers in the United States average around 4-5% alcohol by volume, malt liquors typically range from 6% up to 9% alcohol by volume. A typical legal definition is <a href="/wiki/Colorado" title="Colorado">Colorado</a>'s Rev. Stat. ss. 12-47-103(19), which provides that: </p> <blockquote><p>"Malt Liquors" includes beer and shall be construed to mean any beverage obtained by the alcoholic fermentation of any infusion or decoction of barley, malt, hops or any other similar products, or any combination thereof, in water containing more than three and one fifth percent of alcohol by weight.</p></blockquote> <p>Alcohol percentages measured by weight translate into larger figures when re-expressed as <a href="/wiki/Alcohol_by_volume" title="Alcohol by volume">alcohol percentages by volume</a>, because ethanol is less dense than water. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malt_liquor&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The term "malt liquor" is documented in England in 1690 as a general term encompassing both beer and <a href="/wiki/Ale" title="Ale">ale</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first mention of the term in North America appears in a patent issued by the Canadian government on July 6, 1842, to one G. Riley for "an improved method of brewing ale, beer, porter, and other maltliquors." </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Clix_Malt_Liquor" title="Clix Malt Liquor">Clix</a> brand is often credited as the first malt liquor made in the United States, granted a <a href="/wiki/Patent" title="Patent">patent</a> in 1948.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first widely successful malt liquor brand in America was Country Club, which was produced in the early 1950s by the <a href="/w/index.php?title=M._K._Goetz_Brewing_Company&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="M. K. Goetz Brewing Company (page does not exist)">M. K. Goetz Brewing Company</a> in <a href="/wiki/St._Joseph,_Missouri" title="St. Joseph, Missouri">St. Joseph, Missouri</a>. </p><p>Popular brands include <a href="/wiki/Colt_45_(malt_liquor)" title="Colt 45 (malt liquor)">Colt 45</a>, <a href="/wiki/St._Ides" title="St. Ides">St. Ides</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mickey%27s" title="Mickey's">Mickey's</a>, <a href="/wiki/Steel_Reserve" title="Steel Reserve">Steel Reserve</a>, <a href="/wiki/King_Cobra_(malt_liquor)" class="mw-redirect" title="King Cobra (malt liquor)">King Cobra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Olde_English_800" title="Olde English 800">Olde English 800</a>, Country Club, Magnum, Schlitz Bull, Private Stock, Earthquake, Camo, Hurricane, Natty Daddy, and Icehouse Edge. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Advertising">Advertising</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malt_liquor&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Advertising"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Alcohol_advertising" title="Alcohol advertising">Alcohol advertising</a></div> <p>The core market for malt liquor brewers in the United States in recent decades has been the <a href="/wiki/African_Americans" title="African Americans">Black</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Hispanic and Latino Americans">Hispanic</a> populations.<sup id="cite_ref-Mittelman_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mittelman-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Brewers' use of <a href="/wiki/Target_marketing" class="mw-redirect" title="Target marketing">target marketing</a> in advertising malt liquor primarily to young, <a href="/wiki/Inner-city" class="mw-redirect" title="Inner-city">inner-city</a>, black males has been controversial, because of the drink's higher alcohol content and the perceived vulnerability of the target audience. Brewers and advertisers have stated that they simply advertise to those who already buy their products. Critics have objected to the targeting of a segment of the population suffering disproportionately from alcohol-related disease and poor access to medical care.<sup id="cite_ref-Davidson_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Davidson-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In order to highlight the potency of malt liquor, brand names have stressed powerful imagery such as <a href="/wiki/Colt_45_(malt_liquor)" title="Colt 45 (malt liquor)">Colt 45</a> (a reference to the <a href="/wiki/.45_Colt" title=".45 Colt">.45 Colt</a> handgun cartridge), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Big_Bear_(Malt_Liquor)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Big Bear (Malt Liquor) (page does not exist)">Big Bear</a>, and Power Master,<sup id="cite_ref-Bowie_&_Schneider_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bowie_&_Schneider-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and used slogans such as "It's got more" or "The Real Power".<sup id="cite_ref-Shaw_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shaw-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Power and sexual dominance have been common themes in their advertising.<sup id="cite_ref-Bowie_&_Schneider_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bowie_&_Schneider-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Cortese_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cortese-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Latter-20th-century television commercials for <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Schlitz_Brewing_Company" title="Joseph Schlitz Brewing Company">Schlitz</a> Malt Liquor featured an 1800-lb. <a href="/wiki/American_Brahman" title="American Brahman">Brahma</a> bull charging through walls.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ads for Power Master, and the brand name itself, were eventually banned in the United States by regulations against advertising implying the strength of alcoholic beverages.<sup id="cite_ref-Mittelman_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mittelman-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Shimp_&_Andrews_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shimp_&_Andrews-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Brenkert_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brenkert-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Health_concerns">Health concerns</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malt_liquor&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Health concerns"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/National_Institute_on_Alcohol_Abuse_and_Alcoholism" title="National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism">National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism</a> (NIAAA) has reported that African Americans suffer disproportionate rates of <a href="/wiki/Cirrhosis" title="Cirrhosis">cirrhosis</a> of the liver and other alcohol-related health problems. In light of such statistics, African-American community leaders and some health officials have concluded that targeting high-alcohol beverage ads at this segment of the population is unethical and socially irresponsible.<sup id="cite_ref-Davidson_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Davidson-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Brenkert_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brenkert-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1991, U.S. Surgeon General <a href="/wiki/Antonia_Novello" title="Antonia Novello">Antonia Novello</a> criticized all alcoholic beverage companies for "unabashedly targeting teenagers" with "sexual imagery, cartoons, and rock and rap music" in television and print ads.<sup id="cite_ref-Davidson_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Davidson-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Container_size">Container size</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malt_liquor&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Container size"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the American vernacular, a <b>forty-ounce</b> or simply a <b>forty</b> is a glass or plastic bottle that holds <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style>40 US fluid ounces (1,200 millilitres; <span class="frac">2<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> US pints) of malt liquor.<sup id="cite_ref-forty-beeradvocate_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-forty-beeradvocate-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Malt liquors are commonly sold in 40–fluid ounce bottles, among other sizes, as opposed to the standard <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027">12-US-fluid-ounce (350 mL; <span class="frac"><span class="num">3</span>⁄<span class="den">4</span></span> US pt) bottle that contains a single serving of beer, although many malt liquors are offered in various volumes. </p><p>After the introduction of 40-ounce containers, which contain roughly five <a href="/wiki/Standard_drink" title="Standard drink">standard drinks</a>, "Forties" became a favorite high of many youth in inner-city areas.<sup id="cite_ref-Shaw_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shaw-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They have often been mentioned and endorsed by <a href="/wiki/Rapping" title="Rapping">rap stars</a> as well as by <a href="/wiki/Punk_rock" title="Punk rock">punk</a> bands, as in such songs as "40.oz Casualty" by <a href="/wiki/The_Casualties" title="The Casualties">The Casualties</a>, "Rock the 40. Oz." by <a href="/wiki/Left%C3%B6ver_Crack" title="Leftöver Crack">Leftöver Crack</a>, and "<a href="/wiki/40oz._to_Freedom" title="40oz. to Freedom">40oz. to Freedom</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Sublime_(band)" title="Sublime (band)">Sublime</a>. </p><p>Examples of malt liquors sold in forty-ounce bottles include Olde English 800, Colt 45, Mickey's, Camo 40, Earthquake, Black Fist, Country Club, Black Bull, Labatt Blue Dry 6.1/7.1/8.1/9.1/10.1, Labatt Max Ice, WildCat, Molson Dry 6.5/7.5/8.5/10.1, Molson XXX, <a href="/wiki/Private_Stock_(malt_liquor)" title="Private Stock (malt liquor)">Private Stock</a>, Big Bear, St. Ides, Steel Reserve 211, B40 Bull Max, King Cobra, and <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_High_Gravity_Lager" class="mw-redirect" title="Hurricane High Gravity Lager">Hurricane</a>. <a href="/wiki/Dogfish_Head_Brewery" title="Dogfish Head Brewery">Dogfish Head Brewery</a> has sporadically produced a high-end <a href="/wiki/Bottle-conditioned" class="mw-redirect" title="Bottle-conditioned">bottle-conditioned</a> forty called "Liquor de Malt".<sup id="cite_ref-Dogfish_Head_–_Liquor_de_Malt_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dogfish_Head_–_Liquor_de_Malt-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At least for a brief period in the mid-1990s, some brands of malt liquor, including Olde English 800, Colt 45, and Mickey's, were available in even larger, 64-ounce glass bottles. Forty-ounce bottles are not permitted in some U.S. states, including <a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a>, where the largest permissible container of retail malt beverage is 32 US fluid ounces (950 ml).<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="International">International</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malt_liquor&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: International"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Malt_liquor" title="Special:EditPage/Malt liquor">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Malt+liquor%22">"Malt liquor"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Malt+liquor%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Malt+liquor%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Malt+liquor%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Malt+liquor%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Malt+liquor%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>American malt liquor brands are rarely exported to Europe.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="What about other locations? Presumably, this isn't just Europe where they aren't exported to. In any case, unsourced. (September 2018)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>American-style malt liquors were made in Britain in the late 1970s and early 1980s. Some were American brands brewed under license, notably Colt 45; some were not. They were generally 5% ABV. They were heavily marketed but failed in the market. </p><p>However, similar inexpensive high-alcohol beers are available,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> whilst <a href="/wiki/White_cider" class="mw-redirect" title="White cider">white cider</a> fills a similar niche as a cheap-to-produce product available in large containers.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>, beers with more than 14.5 <a href="/wiki/Beer_measurement#Strength" title="Beer measurement">Plato degrees</a> fall into a distinct tax rate known as <span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">birra doppio malto</i></span> (double malt beer). Brewing companies often state this classification on the label. Therefore, the <span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">doppio malto</i></span> indication nearly always identifies a beer that is the rough equivalent strength of a North American malt liquor. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malt_liquor&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flavored_fortified_wines" class="mw-redirect" title="Flavored fortified wines">Flavored fortified wines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barley_wine" title="Barley wine">Barley wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barley_water" title="Barley water">Barley water</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malt_liquor&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-forty-beeradvocate-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-forty-beeradvocate_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-forty-beeradvocate_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://beeradvocate.com/articles/288">Breaking Out the Forty</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130822192422/http://beeradvocate.com/articles/288">Archived</a> 2013-08-22 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Beer Advocate.com. March 21, 2001. Accessed on December 16, 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSaunders,_John1847" class="citation book cs1">Saunders, John (1847). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6KLQAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA252"><i>The People's Journal</i></a>. People's Journal. p. 252<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 July</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+People%27s+Journal&rft.pages=252&rft.pub=People%27s+Journal&rft.date=1847&rft.au=Saunders%2C+John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6KLQAAAAMAAJ%26pg%3DPA252&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalt+liquor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://patimg1.uspto.gov/.piw?Docid=02442806&homeurl=http%3A%2F%2Fpatft.uspto.gov%2Fnetacgi%2Fnph-Parser%3FSect1%3DPTO1%2526Sect2%3DHITOFF%2526d%3DPALL%2526p%3D1%2526u%3D%25252Fnetahtml%25252FPTO%25252Fsrchnum.htm%2526r%3D1%2526f%3DG%2526l%3D50%2526s1%3D2,442,806.PN.%2526OS%3DPN%2F2,442,806%2526RS%3DPN%2F2,442,806&PageNum=&Rtype=&SectionNum=&idkey=NONE&Input=View+first+page">Clix Patent Filing</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917191636/https://patimg1.uspto.gov/.piw?Docid=02442806&homeurl=http%3A%2F%2Fpatft.uspto.gov%2Fnetacgi%2Fnph-Parser%3FSect1%3DPTO1%2526Sect2%3DHITOFF%2526d%3DPALL%2526p%3D1%2526u%3D%25252Fnetahtml%25252FPTO%25252Fsrchnum.htm%2526r%3D1%2526f%3DG%2526l%3D50%2526s1%3D2,442,806.PN.%2526OS%3DPN%2F2,442,806%2526RS%3DPN%2F2,442,806&PageNum=&Rtype=&SectionNum=&idkey=NONE&Input=View+first+page">Archived</a> 2020-09-17 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> United States Patent and Trademark Office. Accessed December 20, 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mittelman-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mittelman_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mittelman_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMittelman2008" class="citation book cs1">Mittelman, Amy (2008). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/brewingbattleshi0000mitt"><i>Brewing Battles: A History of American Beer</i></a></span>. Algora Publishing. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/brewingbattleshi0000mitt/page/197">197</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780875865744" title="Special:BookSources/9780875865744"><bdi>9780875865744</bdi></a>. <q>malt liquor liquors.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Brewing+Battles%3A+A+History+of+American+Beer&rft.pages=197&rft.pub=Algora+Publishing&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9780875865744&rft.aulast=Mittelman&rft.aufirst=Amy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbrewingbattleshi0000mitt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalt+liquor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Davidson-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Davidson_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Davidson_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Davidson_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavidson2003" class="citation book cs1">Davidson, D. Kirk (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-qQhMYLT7tgC&dq=malt+liquor+liquors&pg=PA113"><i>Selling Sin: The Marketing of Socially Unacceptable Products</i></a>. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 113–5. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781567206456" title="Special:BookSources/9781567206456"><bdi>9781567206456</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Selling+Sin%3A+The+Marketing+of+Socially+Unacceptable+Products&rft.pages=113-5&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=9781567206456&rft.aulast=Davidson&rft.aufirst=D.+Kirk&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-qQhMYLT7tgC%26dq%3Dmalt%2Bliquor%2Bliquors%26pg%3DPA113&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalt+liquor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bowie_&_Schneider-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bowie_&_Schneider_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bowie_&_Schneider_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBowieSchnieder2011" class="citation book cs1">Bowie, Norman E.; Schnieder, Meg (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SzxDTGGr80EC&dq=malt+liquor&pg=PT101"><i>Business Ethics For Dummies</i></a>. John Wiley & Sons. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781118020623" title="Special:BookSources/9781118020623"><bdi>9781118020623</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Business+Ethics+For+Dummies&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9781118020623&rft.aulast=Bowie&rft.aufirst=Norman+E.&rft.au=Schnieder%2C+Meg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSzxDTGGr80EC%26dq%3Dmalt%2Bliquor%26pg%3DPT101&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalt+liquor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Shaw-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Shaw_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shaw_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShaw2013" class="citation book cs1">Shaw, William H. (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=S40ZBQAAQBAJ&dq=40+40s&pg=PA311"><i>Business Ethics: A Textbook with Cases</i></a>. Cengage Learning. p. 311. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781285415178" title="Special:BookSources/9781285415178"><bdi>9781285415178</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Business+Ethics%3A+A+Textbook+with+Cases&rft.pages=311&rft.pub=Cengage+Learning&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9781285415178&rft.aulast=Shaw&rft.aufirst=William+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DS40ZBQAAQBAJ%26dq%3D40%2B40s%26pg%3DPA311&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalt+liquor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cortese-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Cortese_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCortese2007" class="citation book cs1">Cortese, Anthony J. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RfBHUXRCXfAC&dq=malt+liquor+advertising&pg=PA123"><i>Provocateur: Images of Women and Minorities in Advertising</i></a>. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. p. 123. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780742568761" title="Special:BookSources/9780742568761"><bdi>9780742568761</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Provocateur%3A+Images+of+Women+and+Minorities+in+Advertising&rft.pages=123&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield+Publishers&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9780742568761&rft.aulast=Cortese&rft.aufirst=Anthony+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRfBHUXRCXfAC%26dq%3Dmalt%2Bliquor%2Badvertising%26pg%3DPA123&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalt+liquor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dks.library.kent.edu/?a=d&d=dks19810924-01.2.40&e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN-------">"Charging on to success: Brahma bull continues on Schlitz commercial"</a>. <i>Kent State University</i>. Daily Kent Stater. 24 September 1981<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Kent+State+University&rft.atitle=Charging+on+to+success%3A+Brahma+bull+continues+on+Schlitz+commercial&rft.date=1981-09-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdks.library.kent.edu%2F%3Fa%3Dd%26d%3Ddks19810924-01.2.40%26e%3D-------en-20--1--txt-txIN-------&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalt+liquor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Shimp_&_Andrews-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Shimp_&_Andrews_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShimpAndrews2012" class="citation book cs1">Shimp, Terence A.; Andrews, J. Craig (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HTcWAAAAQBAJ&dq=malt+liquor&pg=PA98"><i>Advertising Promotion and Other Aspects of Integrated Marketing Communications</i></a>. Cengage Learning. p. 98. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1133709381" title="Special:BookSources/978-1133709381"><bdi>978-1133709381</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Advertising+Promotion+and+Other+Aspects+of+Integrated+Marketing+Communications&rft.pages=98&rft.pub=Cengage+Learning&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1133709381&rft.aulast=Shimp&rft.aufirst=Terence+A.&rft.au=Andrews%2C+J.+Craig&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHTcWAAAAQBAJ%26dq%3Dmalt%2Bliquor%26pg%3DPA98&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalt+liquor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brenkert-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Brenkert_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brenkert_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrenkert2014" class="citation book cs1">Brenkert, George G. (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Dj3fBQAAQBAJ&dq=malt+liquor+advertising&pg=PA275">"Marketing to Inner-City Blacks: PowerMaster and Moral Responsibility"</a>. In Hovland, Roxanne; Wolburg, Joyce M.; Haley, Eric E. (eds.). <i>Readings in Advertising, Society, and Consumer Culture</i>. Routledge. p. 275. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781317461364" title="Special:BookSources/9781317461364"><bdi>9781317461364</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Marketing+to+Inner-City+Blacks%3A+PowerMaster+and+Moral+Responsibility&rft.btitle=Readings+in+Advertising%2C+Society%2C+and+Consumer+Culture&rft.pages=275&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=9781317461364&rft.aulast=Brenkert&rft.aufirst=George+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDj3fBQAAQBAJ%26dq%3Dmalt%2Bliquor%2Badvertising%26pg%3DPA275&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalt+liquor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1991-07-02-fi-1617-story.html">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Power Master' Canned as Name of Potent Malt Liquor"</a>. <i>Los Angeles Times</i>. 2 July 1991<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=%27Power+Master%27+Canned+as+Name+of+Potent+Malt+Liquor&rft.date=1991-07-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-1991-07-02-fi-1617-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalt+liquor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dogfish_Head_–_Liquor_de_Malt-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Dogfish_Head_–_Liquor_de_Malt_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dogfish.com/brewery/beer/liquor-de-malt">Liquor de Malt</a> Dogfish Head Brewery. Accessed on March 27, 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.leg.state.fl.us/statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute&Search_String=&URL=Ch0563/SEC06.HTM&Title=-%3E2006-%3ECh0563-%3ESection%2006#0563.06">Florida Statutes, Title XXXIV, Chapter 563; see item (6)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://amp.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2011/apr/17/cider-industry-protected-expense-alcoholics">https://amp.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2011/apr/17/cider-industry-protected-expense-alcoholics</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malt_liquor&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Malt_liquor" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Malt liquor">Malt liquor</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.40ozmaltliquor.com">Database of 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Malt_liquors" title="Template:Malt liquors"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Malt_liquors" title="Template talk:Malt liquors"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Malt_liquors" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Malt liquors"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Malt_liquors_(style_of_beer)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Malt liquors</a> (style of beer)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Big_Bear_(malt_liquor)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Big Bear (malt liquor) (page does not exist)">Big Bear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clix_Malt_Liquor" title="Clix Malt Liquor">Clix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colt_45_(malt_liquor)" title="Colt 45 (malt liquor)">Colt 45</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haffenreffer_Brewery" title="Haffenreffer Brewery">Haffenreffer Private Stock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anheuser-Busch_brands#Hurricane" title="Anheuser-Busch brands">Hurricane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_Cobra_(malt_liquor)" class="mw-redirect" title="King Cobra (malt liquor)">King Cobra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laser_(malt_liquor)" title="Laser (malt liquor)">Laser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olde_English_800" title="Olde English 800">Olde English 800</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mickey%27s" title="Mickey's">Mickey's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_Stock_(malt_liquor)" title="Private Stock (malt liquor)">Private Stock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Schlitz_Brewing_Company" title="Joseph Schlitz Brewing Company">Schlitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Ides" title="St. Ides">St. Ides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steel_Reserve" title="Steel Reserve">Steel Reserve</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Beer_styles_(list)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Beer_styles" title="Template:Beer styles"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Beer_styles" title="Template talk:Beer styles"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Beer_styles" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Beer styles"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Beer_styles_(list)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Beer_style" title="Beer style">Beer styles</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_beer_styles" title="List of beer styles">list</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ale" title="Ale">Ale</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Altbier" title="Altbier">Altbier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amber_ale" class="mw-redirect" title="Amber ale">Amber ale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_pale_ale" title="American pale ale">American pale ale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_pale_ale" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian pale ale">Australian pale ale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barley_wine" title="Barley wine">Barley wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bitter_(beer)" title="Bitter (beer)">Bitter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brown_ale" title="Brown ale">Brown ale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burton_ale" title="Burton ale">Burton ale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copper_ale" title="Copper ale">Copper ale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cream_ale" title="Cream ale">Cream ale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dubbel" title="Dubbel">Dubbel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farmhouse_ale" title="Farmhouse ale">Farmhouse ale</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bi%C3%A8re_de_Garde" title="Bière de Garde">Bière de Garde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grisette_(beer)" title="Grisette (beer)">Grisette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saison" title="Saison">Saison</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India_pale_ale" title="India pale ale">India pale ale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_red_ale" title="Irish red ale">Irish red ale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gose" title="Gose">Gose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grodziskie" title="Grodziskie">Grodziskie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kentucky_common_beer" title="Kentucky common beer">Kentucky common beer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6lsch_(beer)" title="Kölsch (beer)">Kölsch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mild_ale" title="Mild ale">Mild ale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_ale" title="Old ale">Old ale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pale_ale" title="Pale ale">Pale ale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porter_(beer)" title="Porter (beer)">Porter</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baltic_porter" class="mw-redirect" title="Baltic porter">Baltic porter</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pumpkin_ale" title="Pumpkin ale">Pumpkin ale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quadrupel" title="Quadrupel">Quadrupel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahti" title="Sahti">Sahti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotch_ale" class="mw-redirect" title="Scotch ale">Scotch ale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stout" title="Stout">Stout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strong_ale" title="Strong ale">Strong ale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripel" title="Tripel">Tripel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheat_beer" title="Wheat beer">Wheat beer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lager" title="Lager">Lager</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_lager" title="American lager">American lager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_lager" title="Australian lager">Australian lager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bock" title="Bock">Bock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dortmunder_Export" title="Dortmunder Export">Dortmunder Export</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunkel" title="Dunkel">Dunkel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helles" title="Helles">Helles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kellerbier" title="Kellerbier">Kellerbier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A4rzen" title="Märzen">Märzen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pale_lager" title="Pale lager">Pale lager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pilsner" title="Pilsner">Pilsner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schwarzbier" title="Schwarzbier">Schwarzbier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoigl" title="Zoigl">Zoigl</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other styles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Sour_beer" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sour_beer" title="Sour beer">Sour beer</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_wild_ale" title="American wild ale">American wild ale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berliner_Weisse" title="Berliner Weisse">Berliner Weisse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flanders_red_ale" title="Flanders red ale">Flanders red ale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lambic" title="Lambic">Lambic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Framboise" title="Framboise">Framboise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gueuze" title="Gueuze">Gueuze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kriek_lambic" title="Kriek lambic">Kriek</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oud_bruin" title="Oud bruin">Oud bruin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corn_beer" title="Corn beer">Corn beer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fruit_beer" title="Fruit beer">Fruit beer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banana_beer" title="Banana beer">Banana beer</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hard_soda" title="Hard soda">Hard soda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_beer" title="Ice beer">Ice beer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kvass" title="Kvass">Kvass</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Podpiwek" title="Podpiwek">Podpiwek</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Light_beer" title="Light beer">Light beer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malt_beer" title="Malt beer">Malt beer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millet_beer" title="Millet beer">Millet beer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pito_(beer)" title="Pito (beer)">Pito</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rye_beer" title="Rye beer">Rye beer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_beer" title="Small beer">Small beer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoked_beer" title="Smoked beer">Smoked beer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Smoked_beer#Bamberg_Rauchbier" title="Smoked beer">Rauchbier</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spruce_beer" title="Spruce beer">Spruce beer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steam_beer" title="Steam beer">Steam beer / California Common</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tella" title="Tella">Tella</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abbey_beers" class="mw-redirect" title="Abbey beers">Abbey beers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trappist_beer" title="Trappist beer">Trappist</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adjuncts" title="Adjuncts">Adjuncts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barrel-aged_beer" title="Barrel-aged beer">Barrel-aged beer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_and_breweries_by_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Beer and breweries by region">Beer and breweries by region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_sommelier" title="Beer sommelier">Beer sommelier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brewery" title="Brewery">Brewery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low-alcohol_beer" title="Low-alcohol beer">Low-alcohol beer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_ale" title="Real ale">Real ale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seasonal_beer" title="Seasonal beer">Seasonal beer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Projet_bi%C3%A8re_logo_v2.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Projet_bi%C3%A8re_logo_v2.png/16px-Projet_bi%C3%A8re_logo_v2.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Projet_bi%C3%A8re_logo_v2.png/24px-Projet_bi%C3%A8re_logo_v2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Projet_bi%C3%A8re_logo_v2.png/32px-Projet_bi%C3%A8re_logo_v2.png 2x" 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