CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Low-alcohol beer - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"6dfdb631-66de-48f2-8876-a50f7af2b8b8","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Low-alcohol_beer","wgTitle":"Low-alcohol beer","wgCurRevisionId":1265632418,"wgRevisionId":1265632418,"wgArticleId":21640,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Webarchive template wayback links","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Use dmy dates from February 2023","Wikipedia articles needing clarification from December 2024","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from December 2019","Articles with unsourced statements from September 2021","All articles with vague or ambiguous time","Vague or ambiguous time from December 2024", "Articles with unsourced statements from July 2023","Articles needing additional references from June 2020","All articles needing additional references","Non-alcoholic drinks","Prohibition","Types of beer"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Low-alcohol_beer","wgRelevantArticleId":21640,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":40000,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition": "interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q524679","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=[ "ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.15"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Low-alcohol_beer%2C_Iran.jpg/1200px-Low-alcohol_beer%2C_Iran.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="900"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Low-alcohol_beer%2C_Iran.jpg/800px-Low-alcohol_beer%2C_Iran.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="600"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Low-alcohol_beer%2C_Iran.jpg/640px-Low-alcohol_beer%2C_Iran.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="480"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Low-alcohol beer - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-alcohol_beer"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Low-alcohol_beer&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-alcohol_beer"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Low-alcohol_beer rootpage-Low-alcohol_beer skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Main menu" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Low-alcohol+beer" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Low-alcohol+beer" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Low-alcohol+beer" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Low-alcohol+beer" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pros_and_cons" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pros_and_cons"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Pros and cons</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pros_and_cons-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Categories" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Categories"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Categories</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Categories-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Categories subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Categories-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Light_beer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Light_beer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Light beer</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Light_beer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Low-point_beer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Low-point_beer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Low-point beer</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Low-point_beer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Near_beer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Near_beer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Near beer</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Near_beer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Small_beer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Small_beer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Small beer</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Small_beer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Non-alcoholic_beer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Non-alcoholic_beer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Non-alcoholic beer</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Non-alcoholic_beer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Arab_world" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arab_world"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5.1</span> <span>Arab world</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arab_world-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Malaysia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Malaysia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5.2</span> <span>Malaysia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Malaysia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Iran" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iran"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5.3</span> <span>Iran</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Iran-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-India" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#India"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5.4</span> <span>India</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-India-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5.5</span> <span>United States</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Europe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Europe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5.6</span> <span>Europe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Europe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_Kingdom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_Kingdom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5.7</span> <span>United Kingdom</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_Kingdom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legal_drinking_age_in_the_US" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legal_drinking_age_in_the_US"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Legal drinking age in the US</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legal_drinking_age_in_the_US-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Production_process" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Production_process"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Production process</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Production_process-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Identity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Identity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Identity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Identity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Low-alcohol beer</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 26 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-26" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">26 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D9%85%D9%86%D8%AE%D9%81%D8%B6%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%AD%D9%88%D9%84" title="جعة منخفضة الكحول – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جعة منخفضة الكحول" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Безалкохолна бира – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Безалкохолна бира" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cervesa_sense_alcohol" title="Cervesa sense alcohol – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Cervesa sense alcohol" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nealkoholick%C3%A9_pivo" title="Nealkoholické pivo – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Nealkoholické pivo" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BCnnbier" title="Dünnbier – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Dünnbier" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerveza_sin_alcohol" title="Cerveza sin alcohol – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cerveza sin alcohol" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%A1%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%B9%DB%8C%D8%B1" title="ماءالشعیر – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ماءالشعیر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bi%C3%A8re_sans_alcool" title="Bière sans alcool – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Bière sans alcool" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A0%80%EC%95%8C%EC%BD%94%EC%98%AC_%EC%9D%8C%EB%A3%8C" title="저알코올 음료 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="저알코올 음료" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%88%D5%B9_%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%AF%D5%B8%D5%B0%D5%B8%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%A3%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%BB%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80" title="Ոչ ալկոհոլային գարեջուր – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ոչ ալկոհոլային գարեջուր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bir_rendah_alkohol" title="Bir rendah alkohol – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bir rendah alkohol" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A9tt%C3%B6l" title="Léttöl – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Léttöl" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birra_analcolica" title="Birra analcolica – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Birra analcolica" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bir_alkohol_asor" title="Bir alkohol asor – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Bir alkohol asor" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bezalkoholiskais_alus" title="Bezalkoholiskais alus – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Bezalkoholiskais alus" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcoholvrij_bier" title="Alcoholvrij bier – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Alcoholvrij bier" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%93%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E3%83%86%E3%82%A4%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88%E9%A3%B2%E6%96%99" title="ビールテイスト飲料 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ビールテイスト飲料" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkoholfritt_%C3%B8l" title="Alkoholfritt øl – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Alkoholfritt øl" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piwo_bezalkoholowe" title="Piwo bezalkoholowe – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Piwo bezalkoholowe" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Безалкогольное пиво – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Безалкогольное пиво" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A4tt%C3%B6l" title="Lättöl – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Lättöl" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BC%C5%9F%C3%BCk_alkoll%C3%BC_bira" title="Düşük alkollü bira – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Düşük alkollü bira" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Безалкогольне пиво – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Безалкогольне пиво" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bia_kh%C3%B4ng_c%E1%BB%93n" title="Bia không cồn – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Bia không cồn" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E5%95%A4" title="清啤 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="清啤" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BD%8E%E9%86%87%E5%95%A4%E9%85%92" title="低醇啤酒 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="低醇啤酒" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q524679#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Low-alcohol_beer" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Low-alcohol_beer" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Low-alcohol_beer"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Low-alcohol_beer&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Low-alcohol_beer&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Low-alcohol_beer"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Low-alcohol_beer&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Low-alcohol_beer&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Low-alcohol_beer" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Low-alcohol_beer" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Low-alcohol_beer&oldid=1265632418" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Low-alcohol_beer&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Low-alcohol_beer&id=1265632418&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FLow-alcohol_beer"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FLow-alcohol_beer"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Low-alcohol_beer&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Low-alcohol_beer&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Near_beer" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q524679" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Type of beverage</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Low-alcohol_beer,_Iran.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Low-alcohol_beer%2C_Iran.jpg/300px-Low-alcohol_beer%2C_Iran.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Low-alcohol_beer%2C_Iran.jpg/450px-Low-alcohol_beer%2C_Iran.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Low-alcohol_beer%2C_Iran.jpg/600px-Low-alcohol_beer%2C_Iran.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4672" data-file-height="3504" /></a><figcaption>Examples of zero-alcohol beer in <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>. As per <a href="/wiki/Sharia" title="Sharia">sharia</a>, purchasing and consuming alcoholic drinks is prohibited in the country.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Low-alcohol beer</b> is <a href="/wiki/Beer" title="Beer">beer</a> with little or no <a href="/wiki/Alcohol_by_volume" title="Alcohol by volume">alcohol by volume</a> that aims to reproduce the taste of beer while eliminating or reducing the inebriating effect, carbohydrates, and calories of regular alcoholic brews. Low-alcohol beers can come in different beer styles such as <a href="/wiki/Lager" title="Lager">lagers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stout" title="Stout">stouts</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ale" title="Ale">ales</a>. Low-alcohol beer is also known as <b>light beer</b>, <b>non-alcoholic beer</b>, <b><a href="/wiki/Small_beer" title="Small beer">small beer</a></b>, <b>small ale</b>, or <b>near-beer</b>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Low-alcohol_beer&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Low-alcohol brews such as <a href="/wiki/Small_beer" title="Small beer">small beer</a> date back at least to <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">medieval Europe</a>, where they served as a less risky alternative to water<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (which often was polluted by faeces and parasites<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) and were less expensive than higher-quality, higher-alcohol brews like stouts, porters, and ales.<sup id="cite_ref-Colonial_Williamsburg_Digital_Library_1996_m726_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Colonial_Williamsburg_Digital_Library_1996_m726-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Young_1999_g481_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Young_1999_g481-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Tom_2018_q415_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tom_2018_q415-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>More recently, the temperance movements and the need to avoid <a href="/wiki/Alcohol_(drug)" title="Alcohol (drug)">alcohol</a> while driving, operating machinery, taking certain medications, etc. led to the development of non-intoxicating beers. </p><p>In the United States, according to John Naleszkiewicz, non-alcoholic brews were promoted during <a href="/wiki/Prohibition_in_the_United_States" title="Prohibition in the United States">Prohibition</a>. In 1917, President Wilson proposed limiting the alcohol content of malt beverages to 2.75% to try to appease avid prohibitionists. In 1919, Congress approved the <a href="/wiki/Volstead_Act" title="Volstead Act">Volstead Act</a>, which limited the alcohol content of all beverages to 0.5%. These very-low-alcohol beverages became known as <i>tonics</i>, and many breweries began brewing them in order to stay in business during Prohibition. Since removing the alcohol from the beer requires just one extra step, many breweries saw it as an easy change. In 1933, when Prohibition was repealed, breweries simply omitted this extra step.<sup id="cite_ref-John_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-John-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By the 1980s and 90s, "light" beers became more popular. Declining consumption has also led to the introduction of mass-market non-alcoholic beverages, dubbed "near beer". Low-alcohol and alcohol-free bars and pubs have also been established to cater for drinkers of non-alcoholic beverages. </p><p>In the UK, the introduction of a lower rate of beer duty for low-strength beer (of 2.8% ABV or less) in October 2011<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> spurred many small brewers to revive old styles of small beer and create higher-hopped craft beers at the lower alcohol level to be able to lower the cost of their beer to consumers. </p><p>At the start of the 21st century, alcohol-free beer has seen a rise in popularity in the Middle East (which now makes up a third of the market).<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One reason for this is that Islamic scholars issued <i><a href="/wiki/Fatawa" class="mw-redirect" title="Fatawa">fatawa</a></i> which permitted the consumption of beer as long as large quantities could be consumed without getting drunk.<sup id="cite_ref-Sin-Free_Ale_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sin-Free_Ale-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 2022, craft <a href="/wiki/Hop_water" title="Hop water">hop water</a> has become a market unto itself in the United States, with one <a href="/wiki/Southern_California" title="Southern California">Southern California</a> brewer regarding it as not being beer at all.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pros_and_cons">Pros and cons</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Low-alcohol_beer&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Pros and cons"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Positive features of non-alcoholic brews include the ability to drive after consuming several drinks, the reduction in alcohol-related illness, and fewer severe hangover symptoms.<sup id="cite_ref-Anne_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Anne-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Low-alcohol and alcohol-free beers are usually lower in calories than equivalent full-strength beers.<sup id="cite_ref-Calories_Comparison_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Calories_Comparison-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some common complaints about non-alcoholic brews include a loss of flavor, addition of one step in the brewing process, sugary taste, and a shorter shelf life. There are also legal implications. Some state governments, e.g. <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a>, prohibit the sale of non-alcoholic beers to persons under the age of 21.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A study conducted by the department of psychology at <a href="/wiki/Indiana_University" title="Indiana University">Indiana University</a> said, "Because non-alcoholic beer provides sensory cues that simulate alcoholic beer, this beverage may be more effective than other placebos in contributing to a credible manipulation of expectancies to receive alcohol",<sup id="cite_ref-Agley_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Agley-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> making people feel "drunk" when physically they are not. </p><p>There is little to no research on consequences of drinking such products in pregnancy, but as they may contain trace amounts of alcohol, in rare cases even higher than 1% (despite labelling as 0%), one paper advises against drinking this type of non-alcoholic beverage during pregnancy.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Categories">Categories</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Low-alcohol_beer&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Categories"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the United States, beverages containing less than 0.5% <a href="/wiki/Alcohol_by_volume" title="Alcohol by volume">alcohol by volume</a> (ABV) were legally called non-alcoholic, according to the now-defunct <a href="/wiki/Volstead_Act" title="Volstead Act">Volstead Act</a>. Because of its very low alcohol content, non-alcoholic beer may be legally sold to people under age 21 in many American states.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="What is the current definition of a non-alcoholic vs. alcoholic beverage in the United States? (There is probably one in title 27 of the CFR.) Are there any American states where selling 'non-alcoholic beer' to people under age 21 is not legal? I suspect not, but this is using the word 'many', implying there are exceptions. (December 2024)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>, Government guidance recommends the following descriptions for "alcohol substitute" drinks including alcohol-free beer. The use of these descriptions is voluntary:<sup id="cite_ref-UKcategories_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UKcategories-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-alcoholfree.co.uk_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-alcoholfree.co.uk-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>No alcohol or alcohol-free: not more than 0.05% ABV</li> <li>Dealcoholized: over 0.05% but less than 0.5% ABV</li> <li>Low-alcohol: not more than 1.2% ABV</li></ul> <p>In some parts of the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>, beer must contain no more than 0.5% ABV if it is labelled "alcohol-free". </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>, the term "light beer" refers to any beer with less than 3.5% alcohol. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Light_beer">Light beer</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Low-alcohol_beer&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Light beer"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Light_beer" title="Light beer">Light beers</a> are beers with reduced <a href="/wiki/Food_energy" title="Food energy">caloric content</a> compared to regular beer, and typically also have a lower alcoholic content, depending on the brand and where they are sold. The spelling "lite beer" is also commonly used. Light beers are manufactured by reducing the <a href="/wiki/Carbohydrate" title="Carbohydrate">carbohydrate</a> content, and secondarily by reducing the alcohol content, since both carbohydrates and alcohol contribute to the caloric content of beer.<sup id="cite_ref-beer-advocate-criticism_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-beer-advocate-criticism-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Light beers are marketed primarily to drinkers who wish to manage their calorie intake. However, these beers are sometimes criticized for being less flavorful than full-strength beers, being "watered down" (whether in perception or in fact), and thus advertising campaigns for light beers generally advertise their retention of flavor.<sup id="cite_ref-beer-advocate-criticism_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-beer-advocate-criticism-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Australia, regular beers have approximately 4%-5% ABV, while reduced-alcohol beers have 2.2%–3.2%.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Canada, regular beers typically have 5% ABV, while a reduced-alcohol beer contains 2.6%–4.0% ABV and an "extra-light" beer contains less than 2.5%.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the United States, most mass-market light beer brands, including <a href="/wiki/Bud_Light" class="mw-redirect" title="Bud Light">Bud Light</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coors_Light" title="Coors Light">Coors Light</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Miller_Lite" title="Miller Lite">Miller Lite</a>, have 4.2% ABV, less than ordinary beers from the same makers which are 5% ABV.<sup id="cite_ref-beer-advocate-criticism_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-beer-advocate-criticism-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Sweden, low alcohol beer is either 2.2%, 2.8% or 3.5%, and can be purchased in an ordinary supermarket whereas normal strength beers of above 3.5% must be purchased at <i><a href="/wiki/Systembolaget" title="Systembolaget">Systembolaget</a></i>. Beer containing 2.8-3.5% ABV (called Folköl or "Peoples' Beer") may be legally sold in any convenience store to people over 18 years of age, whereas stronger beer may only be sold in state-run liquor stores to people older than 20. In addition, businesses selling food for on-premises consumption do not need an alcohol license to serve 3.5% beer. Virtually all major Swedish brewers, and several international ones, in addition to their full-strength beer, make 3.5% folköl versions as well. Beer below or equaling 2.25% ABV (<i>lättöl</i>) is not legally subject to age restrictions;<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> however, some stores voluntarily opt out from selling it to minors anyway.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Low-point_beer">Low-point beer</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Low-alcohol_beer&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Low-point beer"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Low-point beer, which is often known in the United States as "three-two beer" or "3 point 2 brew", is beer that contains 3.2% <a href="/wiki/Alcohol_by_volume#Alcohol_by_volume_and_alcohol_by_weight" title="Alcohol by volume">alcohol by weight</a> (equivalent to about 4% ABV). </p><p>The term "low-point beer" is unique to the United States, where some states limit the sale of beer, but beers of this type are also available in countries (such as <a href="/wiki/Beer_classification_in_Sweden_and_Finland" title="Beer classification in Sweden and Finland">Sweden and Finland</a>) that tax or otherwise regulate beer according to its alcohol content. </p><p>In the United States, 3.2 beer was the highest alcohol content beer allowed to be produced legally for nine months in 1933. As part of his <a href="/wiki/New_Deal" title="New Deal">New Deal</a>, President <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a> signed the <a href="/wiki/Cullen%E2%80%93Harrison_Act" title="Cullen–Harrison Act">Cullen–Harrison Act</a> that repealed the <a href="/wiki/Volstead_Act" title="Volstead Act">Volstead Act</a> on 22 March 1933. In December 1933, the <a href="/wiki/Twenty-first_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Twenty-first Amendment to the United States Constitution">Twenty-first Amendment to the United States Constitution</a> was passed, eliminating a federal level prohibition on the production and sale of alcoholic beverages and returning to the states the power to regulate them within their borders.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the repeal of Prohibition, a number of state laws prohibiting the sale of intoxicating liquors remained in effect. As these were repealed, they were first replaced by laws limiting the maximum alcohol content allowed for sale as 3.2 ABW. As of 2019, the state of <a href="/wiki/Minnesota" title="Minnesota">Minnesota</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> permits general establishments such as supermarket chains and convenience stores to sell only low-point beer; in the 2010s, <a href="/wiki/Colorado" title="Colorado">Colorado</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kansas" title="Kansas">Kansas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Utah" title="Utah">Utah</a> revised state laws to end this practice.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the states that maintain such laws, all alcoholic beverages containing more than 3.2% alcohol by weight (<a href="/wiki/Alcohol_by_volume#Alcohol_by_volume_and_alcohol_by_weight" title="Alcohol by volume">ABW</a>) must be sold from state-licensed liquor stores. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri">Missouri</a> also has a legal classification for low-point beer, which it calls "nonintoxicating beer".<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Unlike Minnesota and Utah, Missouri does not limit supermarket chains and convenience stores to selling only low-point beer. Instead, <a href="/wiki/Alcohol_laws_of_Missouri" title="Alcohol laws of Missouri">Missouri's alcohol laws</a> permit grocery stores, drug stores, gas stations, and even "general merchandise stores" (a term that Missouri law does not define) to sell any alcoholic beverage;<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> consequently, 3.2% beer is rarely sold in Missouri. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Near_beer">Near beer</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Low-alcohol_beer&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Near beer"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tourtel_Nearbeer.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Tourtel_Nearbeer.JPG/150px-Tourtel_Nearbeer.JPG" decoding="async" width="150" height="352" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Tourtel_Nearbeer.JPG/225px-Tourtel_Nearbeer.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Tourtel_Nearbeer.JPG/300px-Tourtel_Nearbeer.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1095" data-file-height="2568" /></a><figcaption>Tourtel, a near-beer which has 0.4% <a href="/wiki/ABV" class="mw-redirect" title="ABV">ABV</a></figcaption></figure> <p>"Near beer" was a term for <a href="/wiki/Malt_beverage" class="mw-redirect" title="Malt beverage">malt beverages</a> containing little or no alcohol (less than 0.5% ABV), which were mass-marketed during <a href="/wiki/Prohibition_in_the_United_States" title="Prohibition in the United States">Prohibition in the United States</a>. Near beer could not legally be labeled as "beer" and was officially classified as a "<a href="/wiki/Cereal" title="Cereal">cereal</a> beverage".<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The most popular "near beer" was <a href="/wiki/Bevo_(beverage)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bevo (beverage)">Bevo</a>, brewed by the <a href="/wiki/Anheuser-Busch" title="Anheuser-Busch">Anheuser-Busch</a> company. The <a href="/wiki/Pabst_Brewing_Company" title="Pabst Brewing Company">Pabst</a> company brewed "Pablo", <a href="/wiki/Miller_Brewing" class="mw-redirect" title="Miller Brewing">Miller</a> brewed "Vivo", and <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Schlitz_Brewing_Company" title="Joseph Schlitz Brewing Company">Schlitz</a> brewed "Famo". Many local and regional breweries stayed in business by marketing their own near-beers. By 1921, production of near beer had reached over 300 million US gallons (1 billion L) a year (36 L/s). </p><p>A popular illegal practice was to add alcohol to near beer. The resulting beverage was known as <i>spiked beer</i> or <i>needle beer</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> so called because a needle was used to inject alcohol through the cork of the bottle or keg. </p><p>Food critic and writer <a href="/wiki/Waverley_Root" title="Waverley Root">Waverley Root</a> described the common American near beer as "such a wishy-washy, thin, ill-tasting, discouraging sort of slop that it might have been dreamed up by a <a href="/wiki/Puritan" class="mw-redirect" title="Puritan">Puritan</a> <a href="/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2_Machiavelli" title="Niccolò Machiavelli">Machiavelli</a> with the intent of disgusting drinkers with genuine beer forever."<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the early 2010s, major breweries began experimenting with mass-market non-alcoholic beers to counter with declining alcohol consumption amid growing preference for craft beer, launching beverages like Anheuser-Busch's Budweiser Prohibition Brew, launched in 2016. </p><p>A drink similar to "near beer", "bjórlíki" was quite popular in Iceland before alcoholic beer was made legal in 1989. The Icelandic variant normally consisted of a shot of vodka added to a half-a-litre glass of light beer. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Small_beer">Small beer</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Low-alcohol_beer&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Small beer"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/small_beer" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:small beer">small beer</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <p><a href="/wiki/Small_beer" title="Small beer">Small beer</a> (also, <b>small ale</b>) is a <a href="/wiki/Beer" title="Beer">beer</a>/<a href="/wiki/Ale" title="Ale">ale</a> that contains very little <a href="/wiki/Ethanol" title="Ethanol">alcohol</a>. Sometimes unfiltered and porridge-like, it was a favored drink in <a href="/wiki/Medieval" class="mw-redirect" title="Medieval">Medieval</a> <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a> and colonial <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a> as opposed to the often polluted water and the expensive beer used for festivities. Small beer was also produced in households for consumption by children and servants.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>However, small beer/small ale can also refer to a beer made of the "second runnings" from a very strong beer (e.g., scotch ale) mash. These beers can be as strong as a <a href="/wiki/Mild_ale" title="Mild ale">mild ale</a>, depending on the strength of the original mash. This was done as an economy measure in household brewing in England up to the 18th century and is still done by some <a href="/wiki/Homebrewing" title="Homebrewing">homebrewers</a>. One commercial brewery, San Francisco's <a href="/wiki/Anchor_Brewing_Company" title="Anchor Brewing Company">Anchor Brewing Company</a>, also produces their <i>Anchor Small Beer</i> using the second runnings from their Old Foghorn <a href="/wiki/Barleywine" class="mw-redirect" title="Barleywine">Barleywine</a>. The term is also used <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Derision" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Derision">derisively</a> for commercially produced beers which are thought to taste too weak. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Non-alcoholic_beer">Non-alcoholic beer</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Low-alcohol_beer&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Non-alcoholic beer"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Non-alcoholic_beverage" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-alcoholic beverage">Non-alcoholic beverage</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:G%C3%B6sser_NaturGold_Alkoholfrei.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/G%C3%B6sser_NaturGold_Alkoholfrei.jpg/170px-G%C3%B6sser_NaturGold_Alkoholfrei.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/G%C3%B6sser_NaturGold_Alkoholfrei.jpg/255px-G%C3%B6sser_NaturGold_Alkoholfrei.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/G%C3%B6sser_NaturGold_Alkoholfrei.jpg/340px-G%C3%B6sser_NaturGold_Alkoholfrei.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="4608" /></a><figcaption>A can of non-alcoholic beer from the <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austrian</a> brewery <a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6sser" title="Gösser">Gösser</a></figcaption></figure> <p>As more people consume non-alcoholic beverages for health reasons, social reasons, or because they want to enjoy the taste of beer without the effects of alcohol,<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the global non-alcoholic beer market was expected to double by 2024 from the level in 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Arab_world">Arab world</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Low-alcohol_beer&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Arab world"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Middle East accounts for almost a third of worldwide sales of nonalcoholic and alcohol-free beer.<sup id="cite_ref-Sin-Free_Ale_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sin-Free_Ale-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Malaysia">Malaysia</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Low-alcohol_beer&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Malaysia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The market for nonalcoholic beer in <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a> has been slow in comparison to other Muslim-majority countries, and as of 2015, the Malaysian government has not approved any non-alcoholic beers as <a href="/wiki/Halal" title="Halal">halal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-wsj_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wsj-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Iran">Iran</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Low-alcohol_beer&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Iran"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Beer_in_Iran" title="Beer in Iran">Beer in Iran</a></div> <p>In 2008, the sale of non-alcoholic beers in Iran continued its high performance with double-digit growth rates in both value and volume and is expected to more than double its total volume sales between 2008 and 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-euro_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-euro-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="India">India</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Low-alcohol_beer&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: India"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Non alcoholic beer sales in India are relatively low. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="United_States">United States</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Low-alcohol_beer&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: United States"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The United States has seen a rise in non-alcoholic beer consumption over the last decade.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (December 2024)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Europe">Europe</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Low-alcohol_beer&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Spain is the main consumer and producer of low-alcohol beer in the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="United_Kingdom">United Kingdom</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Low-alcohol_beer&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: United Kingdom"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As of March 2020, sales of alcohol-free beer were up by 30% since 2016, with younger generations shunning alcoholic beverages.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Brewers have introduced low or no alcohol varieties of established brands to meet the increased demand for low-alcohol beers, and new low-alcohol brands such as <a href="/wiki/Lucky_Saint" title="Lucky Saint">Lucky Saint</a> have seen success in the UK market.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legal_drinking_age_in_the_US">Legal drinking age in the US</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Low-alcohol_beer&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Legal drinking age in the US"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Legal_drinking_age" title="Legal drinking age">Legal drinking age</a></div> <p>Beers that are labeled "non-alcoholic" still contain a very small amount of alcohol. Thus, some US states require the purchaser to be 21 years old, which is the legal drinking age in the United States. Exceptions include: </p> <ul><li>In <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a>, the law does not prohibit minors from consuming or buying non-alcoholic beer, but does specify that a beverage containing more than 0.5% ABV is an alcoholic beverage and thus will follow the same restrictions as regular beer.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Minnesota" title="Minnesota">Minnesota</a>, non-alcoholic beer (less than 0.5% ABV) does not fit in the category that the state defines as an alcoholic beverage and can be purchased by those under the legal drinking age.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Wisconsin" title="Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a>, the law does not regulate non-alcoholic beer (less than 0.5% ABV), which can be purchased without any age restriction.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a>, the law governs only beverages of at least 0.5% ABV.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a>, beverages with under 0.5% ABV are not governed by the Illinois Liquor Control Act and can be purchased and consumed by minors.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In the <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">District of Columbia</a>, the District's alcohol laws apply to all beverages and food products that have 0.5% ABV or higher, and prohibit their purchase by anyone under 21. The laws do not reference products labeled as "non-alcoholic beverage."<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">Alaska</a>, "...non-alcoholic beer and wine (containing less than 0.5% alcohol by volume) are not considered alcoholic beverages.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a>, Hawaii State Liquor Law §281-1 defines liquor as "...containing one-half of one per cent or more of alcohol by volume...," and a minor as "any person below the age of twenty-one years."<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Production_process">Production process</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Low-alcohol_beer&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Production process"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to the Birmingham Beverage Company, the brewing process of traditional brews consists of eight basic steps, nine for brewing non-alcoholic brews.<sup id="cite_ref-Brewing_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brewing-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ol><li>Malting – Barley is prepared by soaking it in water and allowing the grain to germinate or "sprout". This allows the tough <a href="/wiki/Starch" title="Starch">starch</a> molecules to be softened and begin converting to sugars. Next, the sprouts are dried in a kiln; the temperature at which the sprouts are dried will affect the flavor of the finished brew.</li> <li>Milling – Next the malted grain is ground to a <a href="/wiki/Cornmeal" title="Cornmeal">cornmeal</a>-like consistency, which allows the sugars and remaining starches to be more easily released when mixed with water.</li> <li>Mashing – The finely-ground malted grain is mixed with water and pulverized. By pulverizing the slurry, most of the remaining starches are converted to sugars due to enzymes present in the malt, and the sugars then dissolve into the water. The mix is gradually heated to 75 °C (167 °F) in a <a href="/wiki/Mash_tun" class="mw-redirect" title="Mash tun">mash tun</a>. The slurry is then filtered to remove the majority of particulates. This filtered sugary liquid is called "<a href="/wiki/Wort" title="Wort">wort</a>".</li> <li>Brewing – The wort is brought to a boil for roughly one to two hours. During this time, other grains that contribute flavor, color, and aroma to the brew are added. Boiling allows several chemical reactions to occur and reduces the water content in the wort, condensing it.</li> <li>Cooling – The wort is filtered to remove the majority of the grains and hops and then immediately cooled to allow the yeast to survive and grow in the next step.</li> <li>Fermenting – The cooled wort is saturated with air, and yeast is added in the fermentation tank. Different strains of yeast create different styles of beer. This step takes around ten days.</li> <li>Maturation – The freshly fermented uncarbonated beer is placed into a conditioning tank and, in a similar process to wine making, is allowed to age. If this step is rushed the beer will have an off flavor (<a href="/wiki/Acetaldehyde" title="Acetaldehyde">acetaldehyde</a>) that beer experts sometimes refer to as "green beer" because of its resemblance to green apples.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During this process of aging, the majority of the residual particulates will settle to the bottom of the tank.</li> <li>Alcohol removal – Typical low- and non-alcohol beers go through an alcohol-reducing step right before finishing.</li> <li>Finishing – The beer is filtered one last time; it is then carbonated and moved into a storage tank for either bottling or kegging.</li></ol> <p>Typical low- and non-alcohol beer starts out as regular alcoholic beer, which is then processed to remove the alcohol. </p> <ul><li>The simplest (and cheapest) method is to merely add water to it until the desired alcohol level is reached.<sup id="cite_ref-beer-advocate-criticism_19-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-beer-advocate-criticism-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Older processes heat the beer to evaporate most of the alcohol. Since alcohol is more volatile than water, as the beer is heated alcohol boils off first. The alcohol is allowed to escape and the remaining liquid becomes the product, in what is essentially the opposite of the process used to make <a href="/wiki/Distilled_beverages" class="mw-redirect" title="Distilled beverages">distilled beverages</a>. <ul><li>Most modern breweries utilize vacuum evaporation to reduce the boiling temperature which better maintains flavor: the beer is placed under a light vacuum to facilitate the alcohol molecules going into the gaseous phase. If a sufficient vacuum is applied, it is not necessary to "cook" the beer at a temperature that destroys the flavor. Some heat must nevertheless be supplied to counter the heat lost to <a href="/wiki/Enthalpy_of_vaporization" title="Enthalpy of vaporization">enthalpy of vaporization</a>.</li></ul></li> <li>A modern alternative process uses <a href="/wiki/Reverse_osmosis" title="Reverse osmosis">reverse osmosis</a> to avoid heating the product at all. Under pressure, the beer is passed through a polymeric filter with pores small enough that only alcohol and water (and a few volatile acids) can pass through.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A syrupy mixture of complex carbohydrates and most of the flavor compounds are retained by the filter. Alcohol is then distilled out of the filtered alcohol-water mix using conventional distillation methods. The water and remaining acids are added back into the syrup left behind on the filter,<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-John_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-John-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> followed by the normal finishing process of carbonation and bottling.</li> <li>Another modern process is "dual-stage vacuum filtration". Flavor and aroma is captured first in a low vacuum stage, then the beverage is placed into an even lower vacuum until water and ethanol separate. The flavor, aroma and remaining beverage are then recombined to create a non-alcoholic stream of the input beverage (beer, wine, or cider), preserving the flavor, aroma, and color; the ethanol can be used to make a mostly flavorless <a href="/wiki/Hard_seltzer" title="Hard seltzer">hard seltzer</a> base. In the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, the technology is classified as a "filter" by the <a href="/wiki/Alcohol_and_Tobacco_Tax_and_Trade_Bureau" title="Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau">TTB</a>, and therefore requires no additional permits or licensing.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>A different approach to making 0.5% non-alcoholic beer is to reduce the formation of alcohol in the first place, so that craft brewers do not need to pay the expense of having to dealcoholize a beer. Methods include using special low-sugar grains, yeast which converts less sugar to alcohol, or removing sugar from the wort before fermentation. These can be combined with limited fermentation, in which the fermentation process is stopped early.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Identity">Identity</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Low-alcohol_beer&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Identity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Low-alcohol_beer" title="Special:EditPage/Low-alcohol beer">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2020</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Piwo_Heineken_0_procent_-_sierpie%C5%84_2018.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Piwo_Heineken_0_procent_-_sierpie%C5%84_2018.jpg/170px-Piwo_Heineken_0_procent_-_sierpie%C5%84_2018.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Piwo_Heineken_0_procent_-_sierpie%C5%84_2018.jpg/255px-Piwo_Heineken_0_procent_-_sierpie%C5%84_2018.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Piwo_Heineken_0_procent_-_sierpie%C5%84_2018.jpg/340px-Piwo_Heineken_0_procent_-_sierpie%C5%84_2018.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1944" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Example of <a href="/wiki/Heineken" title="Heineken">Heineken</a> 0.0%</figcaption></figure> <p>In an attempt to create a readily recognizable identity for low-alcohol beer, some brands were incorporating the colour blue into the packaging design as of 2018, including Becks Blue, Heineken 0.0%, Ožujsko Cool and Erdinger Alkoholfrei. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Low-alcohol_beer&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Projet_bi%C3%A8re_logo_v2.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Projet_bi%C3%A8re_logo_v2.png/28px-Projet_bi%C3%A8re_logo_v2.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Projet_bi%C3%A8re_logo_v2.png/42px-Projet_bi%C3%A8re_logo_v2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Projet_bi%C3%A8re_logo_v2.png/56px-Projet_bi%C3%A8re_logo_v2.png 2x" data-file-width="242" data-file-height="242" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Beer" title="Portal:Beer">Beer portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_by_volume" title="Alcohol by volume">Alcohol by volume</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbican_(drink)" title="Barbican (drink)">Barbican (drink)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer" title="Beer">Beer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kvass" title="Kvass">Kvass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malzbier" class="mw-redirect" title="Malzbier">Malzbier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malta_(soft_drink)" title="Malta (soft drink)">Malta (soft drink)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_beer" title="Small beer">Small beer</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Low-alcohol_beer&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theoriginalsmallbeer.com/blogs/small-beer-news/what-is-small-beer">"What is Small Beer & When Was it Brewed?"</a>. <i>Small Beer</i>. 19 July 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 February</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Small+Beer&rft.atitle=What+is+Small+Beer+%26+When+Was+it+Brewed%3F&rft.date=2022-07-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftheoriginalsmallbeer.com%2Fblogs%2Fsmall-beer-news%2Fwhat-is-small-beer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALow-alcohol+beer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lancasterbrewery.co.uk/news/why-everyone-in-england-drank-beer-for-breakfast">"Why Everyone In England Drank Beer For Breakfast"</a>. <i>Lancaster Brewery</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 February</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Lancaster+Brewery&rft.atitle=Why+Everyone+In+England+Drank+Beer+For+Breakfast&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lancasterbrewery.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fwhy-everyone-in-england-drank-beer-for-breakfast&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALow-alcohol+beer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGraffBennion-PedleyJonesLedger2020" class="citation journal cs1">Graff, Anna; Bennion-Pedley, Emma; Jones, Ariadin K.; Ledger, Marissa L.; Deforce, Koen; Degraeve, Ann; Byl, Sylvie; Mitchell, Piers D. (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7677898">"A comparative study of parasites in three latrines from Medieval and Renaissance Brussels, Belgium (14th–17th centuries)"</a>. <i>Parasitology</i>. <b>147</b> (13): <span class="nowrap">1443–</span>1451. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0031182020001298">10.1017/S0031182020001298</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0031-1820">0031-1820</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7677898">7677898</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32741422">32741422</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Parasitology&rft.atitle=A+comparative+study+of+parasites+in+three+latrines+from+Medieval+and+Renaissance+Brussels%2C+Belgium+%2814th%E2%80%9317th+centuries%29&rft.volume=147&rft.issue=13&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1443-%3C%2Fspan%3E1451&rft.date=2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7677898%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.issn=0031-1820&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F32741422&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0031182020001298&rft.aulast=Graff&rft.aufirst=Anna&rft.au=Bennion-Pedley%2C+Emma&rft.au=Jones%2C+Ariadin+K.&rft.au=Ledger%2C+Marissa+L.&rft.au=Deforce%2C+Koen&rft.au=Degraeve%2C+Ann&rft.au=Byl%2C+Sylvie&rft.au=Mitchell%2C+Piers+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7677898&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALow-alcohol+beer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Colonial_Williamsburg_Digital_Library_1996_m726-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Colonial_Williamsburg_Digital_Library_1996_m726_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://research.colonialwilliamsburg.org/DigitalLibrary/view/index.cfm?doc=ResearchReports%5CRR0364.xml&highlight=">"A Most Wholesome Liquor: A Study of Beer and Brewing in 18th-Century England and Her Colonies"</a>. <i>Colonial Williamsburg Digital Library</i>. 30 April 1996<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Colonial+Williamsburg+Digital+Library&rft.atitle=A+Most+Wholesome+Liquor%3A+A+Study+of+Beer+and+Brewing+in+18th-Century+England+and+Her+Colonies&rft.date=1996-04-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fresearch.colonialwilliamsburg.org%2FDigitalLibrary%2Fview%2Findex.cfm%3Fdoc%3DResearchReports%255CRR0364.xml%26highlight%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALow-alcohol+beer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Young_1999_g481-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Young_1999_g481_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYoung1999" class="citation web cs1">Young, Thomas W. (26 July 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/beer">"Beer: Types of Beer"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia Britannica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Beer%3A+Types+of+Beer&rft.date=1999-07-26&rft.aulast=Young&rft.aufirst=Thomas+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2Fbeer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALow-alcohol+beer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tom_2018_q415-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Tom_2018_q415_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTom2018" class="citation web cs1">Tom, Michelle (6 February 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://windsorhistoricalsociety.org/a-brew-o-rama-with-john-gaylords-extemporaneous-small-beer/">"A Brew-O-Rama with John Gaylord's Extemporaneous Small Beer"</a>. <i>Windsor Historical Society</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Windsor+Historical+Society&rft.atitle=A+Brew-O-Rama+with+John+Gaylord%27s+Extemporaneous+Small+Beer&rft.date=2018-02-06&rft.aulast=Tom&rft.aufirst=Michelle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwindsorhistoricalsociety.org%2Fa-brew-o-rama-with-john-gaylords-extemporaneous-small-beer%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALow-alcohol+beer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-John-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-John_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-John_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNaleszkiewicz1995" class="citation journal cs1">Naleszkiewicz, John (October 1995). "Low alcohol beer". <i>Brew Your Own</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Brew+Your+Own&rft.atitle=Low+alcohol+beer&rft.date=1995-10&rft.aulast=Naleszkiewicz&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALow-alcohol+beer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeicester2011" class="citation book cs1">Leicester, Andrew (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200922080630/https://www.ifs.org.uk/bns/bn124.pdf"><i>Alcohol pricing and taxation policies. IFS Briefing Note BN124</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. London: Institute for Fiscal Studies. p. 1. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ifs.org.uk/bns/bn124.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 22 September 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Alcohol+pricing+and+taxation+policies.+IFS+Briefing+Note+BN124&rft.place=London&rft.pages=1&rft.pub=Institute+for+Fiscal+Studies&rft.date=2011&rft.aulast=Leicester&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ifs.org.uk%2Fbns%2Fbn124.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALow-alcohol+beer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Economist</i> explains: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.economist.com/blogs/economist-explains/2013/08/economist-explains-3">"Why are sales of non-alcoholic beer booming?"</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sin-Free_Ale-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sin-Free_Ale_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sin-Free_Ale_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Economist</i>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.economist.com/news/business/21582531-non-alcoholic-beer-taking-among-muslim-consumers-sin-free-ale">"Sin-Free Ale"</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoldfarb2022" class="citation news cs1">Goldfarb, Aaron (25 August 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/best-hop-waters-non-alcoholic-beer-alternative-11661439474">"Don't Care for Non-Alcoholic Beer? Try This Zero-Calorie, Full-Flavored Alternative"</a>. <i>Wall Street Journal</i> – via www.wsj.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=Don%27t+Care+for+Non-Alcoholic+Beer%3F+Try+This+Zero-Calorie%2C+Full-Flavored+Alternative&rft.date=2022-08-25&rft.aulast=Goldfarb&rft.aufirst=Aaron&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2Fbest-hop-waters-non-alcoholic-beer-alternative-11661439474&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALow-alcohol+beer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Anne-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Anne_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHelmenstine" class="citation web cs1">Helmenstine, Anne. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111028124337/http://chemistry.about.com/od/everydaychemistry/a/hangovers.htm">"Hangover Remedies and Prevention"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://chemistry.about.com/od/everydaychemistry/a/hangovers.htm">the original</a> on 28 October 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 November</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hangover+Remedies+and+Prevention&rft.aulast=Helmenstine&rft.aufirst=Anne&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fchemistry.about.com%2Fod%2Feverydaychemistry%2Fa%2Fhangovers.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALow-alcohol+beer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Calories_Comparison-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Calories_Comparison_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://free-beer.co.uk/calories-comparison/">"Compare Calories of Alcoholic and Non-Alcoholic Beers"</a>. 14 September 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 September</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Compare+Calories+of+Alcoholic+and+Non-Alcoholic+Beers&rft.date=2020-09-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffree-beer.co.uk%2Fcalories-comparison%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALow-alcohol+beer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://oneclubsober.com/beer-articles/can-you-buy-non-alcoholic-beer-under-21/">"Can You Buy Non-Alcoholic Beer Under 21? (Sorted By U.S States) - One Club Sober"</a>. 31 January 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Can+You+Buy+Non-Alcoholic+Beer+Under+21%3F+%28Sorted+By+U.S+States%29+-+One+Club+Sober&rft.date=2023-01-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Foneclubsober.com%2Fbeer-articles%2Fcan-you-buy-non-alcoholic-beer-under-21%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALow-alcohol+beer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Agley-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Agley_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAgley" class="citation journal cs1">Agley, Jonathan. "non-alcoholic beer". <i>Indiana Prevention Resource Center</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Indiana+Prevention+Resource+Center&rft.atitle=non-alcoholic+beer&rft.aulast=Agley&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALow-alcohol+beer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdiongKimKorenBozzo2014" class="citation journal cs1">Adiong, John Patrick; Kim, Eunji; Koren, Gideon; Bozzo, Pina (August 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4131961">"Consuming non-alcoholic beer and other beverages during pregnancy and breastfeeding"</a>. <i>Canadian Family Physician</i>. <b>60</b> (8): <span class="nowrap">724–</span>725. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0008-350X">0008-350X</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4131961">4131961</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25122816">25122816</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Family+Physician&rft.atitle=Consuming+non-alcoholic+beer+and+other+beverages+during+pregnancy+and+breastfeeding&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=8&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E724-%3C%2Fspan%3E725&rft.date=2014-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4131961%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.issn=0008-350X&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F25122816&rft.aulast=Adiong&rft.aufirst=John+Patrick&rft.au=Kim%2C+Eunji&rft.au=Koren%2C+Gideon&rft.au=Bozzo%2C+Pina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4131961&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALow-alcohol+beer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-UKcategories-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-UKcategories_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/763840/low-alcohol-descriptors-guidance.pdf">"Low Alcohol Descriptors Guidance"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Department of Health and Social Care. 13 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Low+Alcohol+Descriptors+Guidance&rft.pub=Department+of+Health+and+Social+Care&rft.date=2018-12-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.publishing.service.gov.uk%2Fgovernment%2Fuploads%2Fsystem%2Fuploads%2Fattachment_data%2Ffile%2F763840%2Flow-alcohol-descriptors-guidance.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALow-alcohol+beer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-alcoholfree.co.uk-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-alcoholfree.co.uk_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.alcoholfree.co.uk/community/questions/what-is-meant-by-alcohol-free/">"What Is Meant By Alcohol-Free? | The Alcohol-Free Community"</a>. Alcoholfree.co.uk. 23 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What+Is+Meant+By+Alcohol-Free%3F+%7C+The+Alcohol-Free+Community&rft.pub=Alcoholfree.co.uk&rft.date=2021-01-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.alcoholfree.co.uk%2Fcommunity%2Fquestions%2Fwhat-is-meant-by-alcohol-free%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALow-alcohol+beer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-beer-advocate-criticism-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-beer-advocate-criticism_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-beer-advocate-criticism_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-beer-advocate-criticism_19-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-beer-advocate-criticism_19-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060624041532/http://beeradvocate.com/news/stories_read/248">"Light Beers"</a>. BeerAdvocate.com, Inc. 3 October 2001. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://beeradvocate.com/news/stories_read/248/">the original</a> on 24 June 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 December</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Light+Beers&rft.pub=BeerAdvocate.com%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2001-10-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbeeradvocate.com%2Fnews%2Fstories_read%2F248%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALow-alcohol+beer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBucherDerooverStockley2018" class="citation journal cs1">Bucher, Tamara; Deroover, Kristine; Stockley, Creina (1 November 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3390%2Fbeverages4040082">"Low-Alcohol Wine: A Narrative Review on Consumer Perception and Behaviour"</a>. <i>Beverages</i>. <b>4</b> (4): 82. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3390%2Fbeverages4040082">10.3390/beverages4040082</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Beverages&rft.atitle=Low-Alcohol+Wine%3A+A+Narrative+Review+on+Consumer+Perception+and+Behaviour&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=82&rft.date=2018-11-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3390%2Fbeverages4040082&rft.aulast=Bucher&rft.aufirst=Tamara&rft.au=Deroover%2C+Kristine&rft.au=Stockley%2C+Creina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.3390%252Fbeverages4040082&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALow-alcohol+beer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090528134310/http://www.brewers.ca/default_e.asp?id=19">"Brewers Association of Canada: A Field Guide to Canadian Beer"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.brewers.ca/default_e.asp?id=19">the original</a> on 28 May 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 September</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Brewers+Association+of+Canada%3A+A+Field+Guide+to+Canadian+Beer&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.brewers.ca%2Fdefault_e.asp%3Fid%3D19&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALow-alcohol+beer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lagen.nu/2010:1622">"Alkohollag (2010:1622) | Lagen.nu"</a>. <i>lagen.nu</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=lagen.nu&rft.atitle=Alkohollag+%282010%3A1622%29+%26%23124%3B+Lagen.nu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flagen.nu%2F2010%3A1622&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALow-alcohol+beer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aftonbladet.se/nyheter/article11445584.ab">"30-åring med pappa nekades lättöl"</a>. <i>Aftonbladet</i>. 24 June 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Aftonbladet&rft.atitle=30-%C3%A5ring+med+pappa+nekades+l%C3%A4tt%C3%B6l&rft.date=2008-06-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aftonbladet.se%2Fnyheter%2Farticle11445584.ab&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALow-alcohol+beer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOgle2008" class="citation news cs1">Ogle, Maureen (7 April 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2008-apr-07-oe-ogle7-story.html">"The day the beer flowed again"</a>. <i>Los Angeles Times</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=The+day+the+beer+flowed+again&rft.date=2008-04-07&rft.aulast=Ogle&rft.aufirst=Maureen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-2008-apr-07-oe-ogle7-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALow-alcohol+beer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrand2005" class="citation web cs1">Brand, William (14 July 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071012113724/http://beernewsletter.com/blog/?m=200507">"Letters: Alcohol Labels for Consumers"</a>. <i>What’s On Tap – The California Craft Beer Newsletter</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://beernewsletter.com/blog/?m=200507">the original</a> on 12 October 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=What%E2%80%99s+On+Tap+%E2%80%93+The+California+Craft+Beer+Newsletter&rft.atitle=Letters%3A+Alcohol+Labels+for+Consumers&rft.date=2005-07-14&rft.aulast=Brand&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbeernewsletter.com%2Fblog%2F%3Fm%3D200507&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALow-alcohol+beer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/travel/destinations/cityguides/saltlakecity/2003-10-07-spotlight-liquor_x.htm">"USATODAY.com - What's up with Utah's liquor laws?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/USA_Today" title="USA Today">USA Today</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=USA+Today&rft.atitle=USATODAY.com+-+What%27s+up+with+Utah%27s+liquor+laws%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Ftravel%2Fdestinations%2Fcityguides%2Fsaltlakecity%2F2003-10-07-spotlight-liquor_x.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALow-alcohol+beer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100226131610/http://www.citypages.com/databank/24/1201/article11733.asp">"Getting to the bottom of Minnesota's liquor laws"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://citypages.com/databank/24/1201/article11733.asp">the original</a> on 26 February 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Getting+to+the+bottom+of+Minnesota%27s+liquor+laws&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcitypages.com%2Fdatabank%2F24%2F1201%2Farticle11733.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALow-alcohol+beer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2019/04/05/709515770/the-end-is-near-for-3-2-beer">"The End Is Near For 3.2 Beer"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NPR&rft.atitle=The+End+Is+Near+For+3.2+Beer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2019%2F04%2F05%2F709515770%2Fthe-end-is-near-for-3-2-beer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALow-alcohol+beer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sltrib.com/news/politics/2019/03/27/guv-signs-off-so-utahs/">"Guv signs off, so Utah's 3.2 beer law is on its way out. Stronger brews will be in grocery stores Nov. 1"</a>. <i>Salt Lake Tribune</i>. 26 March 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Salt+Lake+Tribune&rft.atitle=Guv+signs+off%2C+so+Utah%27s+3.2+beer+law+is+on+its+way+out.+Stronger+brews+will+be+in+grocery+stores+Nov.+1&rft.date=2019-03-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sltrib.com%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2F2019%2F03%2F27%2Fguv-signs-off-so-utahs%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALow-alcohol+beer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Chapter 312, Revised Statutes of Missouri (R.S.Mo.)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Section 311.200, R.S.Mo.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070117070410/http://www.ksrevenue.org/abchistory.htm">"Kansas Department of Revenue - About the Department"</a>. <i>www.ksrevenue.gov</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ksrevenue.gov/404.html">the original</a> on 17 January 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.ksrevenue.gov&rft.atitle=Kansas+Department+of+Revenue+-+About+the+Department&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ksrevenue.gov%2F404.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALow-alcohol+beer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.beerhistory.com/library/holdings/prohibition_1.shtml">"We Want Beer: National Prohibition, Part 1"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=We+Want+Beer%3A+National+Prohibition%2C+Part+1&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.beerhistory.com%2Flibrary%2Fholdings%2Fprohibition_1.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALow-alcohol+beer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.americanheritage.com/beer-and-america">"Beer And America"</a>. <i>AMERICAN HERITAGE</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AMERICAN+HERITAGE&rft.atitle=Beer+And+America&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.americanheritage.com%2Fbeer-and-america&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALow-alcohol+beer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPomranz2019" class="citation web cs1">Pomranz, Mike (4 January 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190611185923/https://www.foodandwine.com/news/non-alcoholic-beer-trend-heineken-leffe-peroni">"Is 2019 the Year of Non-Alcoholic Beer?"</a>. <i>Food & Wine</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.foodandwine.com/news/non-alcoholic-beer-trend-heineken-leffe-peroni">the original</a> on 11 June 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Food+%26+Wine&rft.atitle=Is+2019+the+Year+of+Non-Alcoholic+Beer%3F&rft.date=2019-01-04&rft.aulast=Pomranz&rft.aufirst=Mike&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.foodandwine.com%2Fnews%2Fnon-alcoholic-beer-trend-heineken-leffe-peroni&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALow-alcohol+beer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGlobal_Market_Insights,_Inc2018" class="citation pressrelease cs1">Global Market Insights, Inc (20 March 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2018/03/20/1442488/0/en/Worldwide-Non-alcoholic-Beer-Market-worth-over-25-billion-by-2024-Global-Market-Insights-Inc.html">"Worldwide Non-alcoholic Beer Market worth over $ 25 billion by 2024: Global Market Insights, Inc"</a>. <i>GlobeNewswire News Room</i> (Press release)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Worldwide+Non-alcoholic+Beer+Market+worth+over+%24+25+billion+by+2024%3A+Global+Market+Insights%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2018-03-20&rft.au=Global+Market+Insights%2C+Inc&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globenewswire.com%2Fnews-release%2F2018%2F03%2F20%2F1442488%2F0%2Fen%2FWorldwide-Non-alcoholic-Beer-Market-worth-over-25-billion-by-2024-Global-Market-Insights-Inc.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALow-alcohol+beer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBernot2018" class="citation web cs1">Bernot, Kate (2 November 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thrillist.com/drink/nation/rise-of-low-alcohol-non-alcoholic-craft-beer">"How Low-Alcohol Beers Became Brewing's Next Big Thing"</a>. <i>Thrillist</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Thrillist&rft.atitle=How+Low-Alcohol+Beers+Became+Brewing%27s+Next+Big+Thing&rft.date=2018-11-02&rft.aulast=Bernot&rft.aufirst=Kate&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thrillist.com%2Fdrink%2Fnation%2Frise-of-low-alcohol-non-alcoholic-craft-beer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALow-alcohol+beer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wsj-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-wsj_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/no-alcohol-but-is-this-beer-halal-1424845656">"No Alcohol, But Is This Beer Halal?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a></i>. 25 February 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=No+Alcohol%2C+But+Is+This+Beer+Halal%3F&rft.date=2015-02-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2Fno-alcohol-but-is-this-beer-halal-1424845656&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALow-alcohol+beer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-euro-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-euro_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.euromonitor.com/Alcoholic_Drinks_in_Iran">"Alcoholic Drinks in Iran"</a>. Euromonitor.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 July</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Alcoholic+Drinks+in+Iran&rft.pub=Euromonitor.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.euromonitor.com%2FAlcoholic_Drinks_in_Iran&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALow-alcohol+beer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomas2022" class="citation news cs1">Thomas, Ian (30 December 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnbc.com/2022/12/30/non-alcoholic-beer-set-to-continue-to-grow-in-2023.html">"Non-alcoholic beer to continue growing in 2023, Athletic Brewing Company CEO says"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CNBC" title="CNBC">CNBC</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNBC&rft.atitle=Non-alcoholic+beer+to+continue+growing+in+2023%2C+Athletic+Brewing+Company+CEO+says&rft.date=2022-12-30&rft.aulast=Thomas&rft.aufirst=Ian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnbc.com%2F2022%2F12%2F30%2Fnon-alcoholic-beer-set-to-continue-to-grow-in-2023.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALow-alcohol+beer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRTVE.es/SINC2014" class="citation web cs1">RTVE.es/SINC (3 November 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rtve.es/noticias/20141103/consiguen-extraer-aromas-cerveza-alcohol-para-mejorar-sabor-sin/1041441.shtml">"Consiguen extraer aromas de la cerveza con alcohol para mejorar el sabor de la 'sin'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Consiguen+extraer+aromas+de+la+cerveza+con+alcohol+para+mejorar+el+sabor+de+la+%27sin%27&rft.date=2014-11-03&rft.au=RTVE.es%2FSINC&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rtve.es%2Fnoticias%2F20141103%2Fconsiguen-extraer-aromas-cerveza-alcohol-para-mejorar-sabor-sin%2F1041441.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALow-alcohol+beer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBBC2020" class="citation news cs1">BBC (12 March 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-51833135">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Nolo beer' sales rocket thanks to young teetotallers"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=%27Nolo+beer%27+sales+rocket+thanks+to+young+teetotallers&rft.date=2020-03-12&rft.au=BBC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fbusiness-51833135&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALow-alcohol+beer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpeed2024" class="citation web cs1">Speed, Madeleine (6 January 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/content/1557e3c1-7bb3-4aab-9bae-8f132459d849">"UK's alcohol-free beer"</a>. <i>ft.com</i>. <a href="/wiki/Financial_Times" title="Financial Times">Financial Times</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 April</span> 2024</span>. <q>Lucky Saint says it is not reliant on teetotallers</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ft.com&rft.atitle=UK%27s+alcohol-free+beer&rft.date=2024-01-06&rft.aulast=Speed&rft.aufirst=Madeleine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fcontent%2F1557e3c1-7bb3-4aab-9bae-8f132459d849&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALow-alcohol+beer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110721055504/http://www.alcoholpolicy.niaaa.nih.gov/underage_possession_consumption_internal_possession_of_alcohol.html?tab=maps">"APIS - Underage Drinking: Possession/Consumption/Internal Possession of Alcohol"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://alcoholpolicy.niaaa.nih.gov/Underage_Possession_Consumption_Internal_Possession_of_Alcohol.html?tab=Maps">the original</a> on 21 July 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 August</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=APIS+-+Underage+Drinking%3A+Possession%2FConsumption%2FInternal+Possession+of+Alcohol&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Falcoholpolicy.niaaa.nih.gov%2FUnderage_Possession_Consumption_Internal_Possession_of_Alcohol.html%3Ftab%3DMaps&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALow-alcohol+beer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/?id=297G.01">"2011 Minnesota Statutes"</a>. Minnesota Office of the Revisor of statutes<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 September</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2011+Minnesota+Statutes&rft.pub=Minnesota+Office+of+the+Revisor+of+statutes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.revisor.mn.gov%2Fstatutes%2F%3Fid%3D297G.01&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALow-alcohol+beer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.revenue.wi.gov/DOR%20Publications/pb302.pdf">"Information for Wisconsin Alcohol Beverage and Tobacco Retailers"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 1 November 2021. 17<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 January</span> 2024</span>. <q>Beverages that contain less than 0.5% alcohol by volume are not alcohol beverages regulated by ch. 125, Wis. Stats. Therefore, nonalcohol (NA) 'beer,' and mocktails may be sold in the same manner as water and sodas (e.g., regardless of age). These beverages should not be confused with those labeled 'low alcohol' (LA), which generally contain 3.2% alcohol, and are regulated by ch. 125, Wis. Stats.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Information+for+Wisconsin+Alcohol+Beverage+and+Tobacco+Retailers&rft.pages=17&rft.date=2021-11-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.revenue.wi.gov%2FDOR%2520Publications%2Fpb302.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALow-alcohol+beer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFState_of_New_Jersey_Department_of_Law_&_Public_Safety2015" class="citation web cs1">State of New Jersey Department of Law & Public Safety (1 November 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nj.gov/lps/abc/downloads/abchandbook02.pdf">"ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGE CONTROL HANDBOOK FOR RETAIL LICENSEES"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ALCOHOLIC+BEVERAGE+CONTROL+HANDBOOK+FOR+RETAIL+LICENSEES&rft.date=2015-11-01&rft.au=State+of+New+Jersey+Department+of+Law+%26+Public+Safety&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nj.gov%2Flps%2Fabc%2Fdownloads%2Fabchandbook02.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALow-alcohol+beer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.illinoislegalaid.org/">"Illinois Legal Aid Online"</a>. <i>www.illinoislegalaid.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.illinoislegalaid.org&rft.atitle=Illinois+Legal+Aid+Online&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.illinoislegalaid.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALow-alcohol+beer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.commerce.alaska.gov/web/amco/AlcoholicBeverageFAQs.aspx">"Alcoholic Beverage FAQ"</a>. The Great State of Alaska.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Alcoholic+Beverage+FAQ&rft.pub=The+Great+State+of+Alaska&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.commerce.alaska.gov%2Fweb%2Famco%2FAlcoholicBeverageFAQs.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALow-alcohol+beer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.honolulu.gov/rep/site/bfsliq/bfsliq_docs/2023-0103_HRS_281_website_ver_includes_Act_065.pdf">"Liquor Laws of Hawaii (HRS Chapter 281), revised January 2023"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. January 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Liquor+Laws+of+Hawaii+%28HRS+Chapter+281%29%2C+revised+January+2023&rft.date=2023-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.honolulu.gov%2Frep%2Fsite%2Fbfsliq%2Fbfsliq_docs%2F2023-0103_HRS_281_website_ver_includes_Act_065.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALow-alcohol+beer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brewing-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Brewing_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110730083824/http://www.alabev.com/brew.htm">"Beer - The Brewing Process"</a>. Birmingham Brewing Company. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alabev.com/brew.htm">the original</a> on 30 July 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 August</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Beer+-+The+Brewing+Process&rft.pub=Birmingham+Brewing+Company&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.alabev.com%2Fbrew.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALow-alcohol+beer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.byo.com/stories/techniques/article/indices/8-aging/151-asking-the-age-old-question">Scmidhausler, Gretchen. (March 2000). Asking the Age-Old Question. Brew Your Own</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120513051546/http://byo.com/stories/techniques/article/indices/8-aging/151-asking-the-age-old-question">Archived</a> 13 May 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://howtobrew.com/book/section-4/is-my-beer-ruined/common-off-flavors">"Common Off-Flavors - How to Brew"</a>. <i>howtobrew.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=howtobrew.com&rft.atitle=Common+Off-Flavors+-+How+to+Brew&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhowtobrew.com%2Fbook%2Fsection-4%2Fis-my-beer-ruined%2Fcommon-off-flavors&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALow-alcohol+beer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://oneclubsober.com/beer-articles/how-is-non-alcoholic-beer-made/">"How Is Non-Alcoholic Beer Made: The Complete Guide - One Club Sober"</a>. 22 February 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=How+Is+Non-Alcoholic+Beer+Made%3A+The+Complete+Guide+-+One+Club+Sober&rft.date=2023-02-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Foneclubsober.com%2Fbeer-articles%2Fhow-is-non-alcoholic-beer-made%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALow-alcohol+beer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHorn2007" class="citation web cs1">Horn, Jason (4 April 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150815073424/http://www.chow.com/food-news/53912/how-are-nonalcoholic-beer-and-wine-made">"How Are Nonalcoholic Beer and Wine Made?"</a>. <i>Chowhound</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chow.com/food-news/53912/how-are-nonalcoholic-beer-and-wine-made">the original</a> on 15 August 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Chowhound&rft.atitle=How+Are+Nonalcoholic+Beer+and+Wine+Made%3F&rft.date=2007-04-04&rft.aulast=Horn&rft.aufirst=Jason&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chow.com%2Ffood-news%2F53912%2Fhow-are-nonalcoholic-beer-and-wine-made&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALow-alcohol+beer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abvtechnology.com/equalizer">"Equalizer"</a>. <i>ABV Technology</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 August</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ABV+Technology&rft.atitle=Equalizer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abvtechnology.com%2Fequalizer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALow-alcohol+beer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openingthebottle.com/does-non-alcoholic-beer-taste-the-same-plus-the-best-ones-to-try/">"Does Non Alcoholic Beer Taste The Same? Plus the best ones to try. -"</a>. <i>Opening The Bottle</i>. 4 January 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Opening+The+Bottle&rft.atitle=Does+Non+Alcoholic+Beer+Taste+The+Same%3F+Plus+the+best+ones+to+try.+-&rft.date=2022-01-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopeningthebottle.com%2Fdoes-non-alcoholic-beer-taste-the-same-plus-the-best-ones-to-try%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALow-alcohol+beer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Alcohol175" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Alcohol_and_health" title="Template:Alcohol and health"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Alcohol_and_health" title="Template talk:Alcohol and health"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Alcohol_and_health" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Alcohol and health"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Alcohol175" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_(drug)" title="Alcohol (drug)">Alcohol</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_(drug)" title="Alcohol (drug)">Alcohol</a><br /> use</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Alcohol-related_crime" title="Alcohol-related crime">Alcohol-related<br /> crimes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Drunk_driving" title="Drunk driving">Drunk driving</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol-related_traffic_crashes_in_the_United_States" title="Alcohol-related traffic crashes in the United States">Alcohol-related traffic crashes in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drunk_driving_in_the_United_States" title="Drunk driving in the United States">Drunk driving in the United States</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moonshine" title="Moonshine">Moonshine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bathtub_gin" title="Bathtub gin">Bathtub gin</a></li></ul></li> <li>Prison alcohol <ul><li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A1jaro_verde" title="Pájaro verde">Pájaro verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pruno" title="Pruno">Pruno</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_intoxication" title="Public intoxication">Public intoxication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rum-running" title="Rum-running">Rum-running</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sly-grog_shop" title="Sly-grog shop">Sly-grog shop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine_fraud" title="Wine fraud">Wine fraud</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Alcoholism" title="Alcoholism">Alcoholism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_and_Native_Americans" title="Alcohol and Native Americans">Alcohol and Native Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcoholism_in_adolescence" title="Alcoholism in adolescence">Alcoholism in adolescence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcoholism_in_family_systems" title="Alcoholism in family systems">Alcoholism in family systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcoholism_in_rural_Australia" title="Alcoholism in rural Australia">Alcoholism in rural Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collaborative_Study_on_the_Genetics_of_Alcoholism" title="Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism">Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disease_theory_of_alcoholism" title="Disease theory of alcoholism">Disease theory of alcoholism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-functioning_alcoholic" title="High-functioning alcoholic">High-functioning alcoholic</a> (HFA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seeing_pink_elephants" title="Seeing pink elephants">Seeing pink elephants</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Chemistry</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Beverage-specific <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beer_chemistry" title="Beer chemistry">Beer chemistry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine_chemistry" title="Wine chemistry">Wine chemistry</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_psychoactive_alcohols_in_alcoholic_drinks" title="Comparison of psychoactive alcohols in alcoholic drinks">Comparison of psychoactive alcohols in alcoholic drinks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congener_(beverages)" title="Congener (beverages)">Congener</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_congener_analysis" title="Alcohol congener analysis">Alcohol congener analysis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethanol" title="Ethanol">Ethanol</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blood_alcohol_content" title="Blood alcohol content">Blood alcohol content</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fusel_alcohol" title="Fusel alcohol">Fusel alcohol</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Effects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Short-term_effects_of_alcohol_consumption" title="Short-term effects of alcohol consumption">Short-term effects of alcohol consumption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long-term_effects_of_alcohol" title="Long-term effects of alcohol">Long-term effects of alcohol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pharmacology_of_ethanol" title="Pharmacology of ethanol">Pharmacology of ethanol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subjective_response_to_alcohol" title="Subjective response to alcohol">Subjective response to alcohol</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Adverse effects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hangxiety" title="Hangxiety">Anxiety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_alcohol_on_aging" title="Impact of alcohol on aging">Aging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long-term_impact_of_alcohol_on_the_brain" title="Long-term impact of alcohol on the brain">Brain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_and_cancer" title="Alcohol and cancer">Cancer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_and_breast_cancer" title="Alcohol and breast cancer">breast cancer</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_and_cortisol" title="Alcohol and cortisol">Cortisol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Effects_of_alcohol_on_memory" title="Effects of alcohol on memory">Memory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_and_pregnancy" class="mw-redirect" title="Alcohol and pregnancy">Pregnancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_use_and_sleep" title="Alcohol use and sleep">Sleep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_tolerance" title="Alcohol tolerance">Tolerance</a>/<a href="/wiki/Alcohol_intolerance" title="Alcohol intolerance">intolerance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_and_weight" title="Alcohol and weight">Weight</a></li> <li>Beverage-specific <ul><li>Beer: <a href="/wiki/Potomania" title="Potomania">Potomania</a></li> <li>Wine: <a href="/wiki/Red_wine_headache" title="Red wine headache">Red wine headache</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Social_issues" class="mw-redirect" title="Social issues">Social issues</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Adulterated alcohol <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moonshine#Adulterated_moonshine" title="Moonshine">Adulterated moonshine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denatured_alcohol" title="Denatured alcohol">Denatured alcohol</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_methanol_poisoning_incidents" title="List of methanol poisoning incidents">List of methanol poisoning incidents</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surrogate_alcohol" title="Surrogate alcohol">Surrogate alcohol</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_abuse" title="Alcohol abuse">Alcohol abuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_advertising" title="Alcohol advertising">Alcohol advertising</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_advertising_on_college_campuses" title="Alcohol advertising on college campuses">on college campuses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_and_sex" title="Alcohol and sex">Sex</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beer_goggles" title="Beer goggles">Beer goggles</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_myopia" title="Alcohol myopia">Alcohol myopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_in_association_football" title="Alcohol in association football">Alcohol in association football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_use_among_college_students" title="Alcohol use among college students">Alcohol use among college students</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binge_drinking" title="Binge drinking">Binge drinking</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_syndrome" title="Austrian syndrome">Austrian syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_intoxication" title="Alcohol intoxication">Alcohol intoxication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epidemiology_of_binge_drinking" title="Epidemiology of binge drinking">Epidemiology of binge drinking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holiday_heart_syndrome" title="Holiday heart syndrome">Holiday heart syndrome</a></li> <li>Problematic alcoholic products <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_powder" title="Alcohol powder">Alcohol powder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcopop" title="Alcopop">Alcopop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borg_(drink)" title="Borg (drink)">Borg</a></li> <li>Low-cost alcohol <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flavored_fortified_wine" title="Flavored fortified wine">Flavored fortified wine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_(drug)#Stimulants" title="Alcohol (drug)">Polysubstance alcoholic drinks</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caffeinated_alcoholic_drink" title="Caffeinated alcoholic drink">Caffeinated alcoholic drink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coca_wine" title="Coca wine">Coca wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicotini" title="Nicotini">Nicotini</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zapoy" title="Zapoy">Zapoy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackout_(drug-related_amnesia)" title="Blackout (drug-related amnesia)">Blackout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackout_Wednesday" title="Blackout Wednesday">Blackout Wednesday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drinking_game" title="Drinking game">Drinking game</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_drinking_games" title="List of drinking games">list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pregaming" title="Pregaming">Pregaming</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drinking_in_public" title="Drinking in public">Drinking in public</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drunk_walking" title="Drunk walking">Drunk walking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drunkorexia" title="Drunkorexia">Drunkorexia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dry_drunk" title="Dry drunk">Dry drunk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_courage" title="Dutch courage">Dutch courage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flaming_drink" title="Flaming drink">Flaming drink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hair_of_the_dog" title="Hair of the dog">Hair of the dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurtful_communication#Alcohol" title="Hurtful communication">Hurtful communication</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Drunk_dialing" title="Drunk dialing">Drunk dialing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/In_vino_veritas" title="In vino veritas"><i>In vino veritas</i></a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nightcap_(drink)" title="Nightcap (drink)">Nightcap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pantsdrunk" title="Pantsdrunk">Pantsdrunk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passive_drinking" title="Passive drinking">Passive drinking</a></li> <li>Binge drinking devices <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beer_bong" title="Beer bong">Beer bong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yard_of_ale" title="Yard of ale">Yard of ale</a></li></ul></li> <li>Routes of administration <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_enema" title="Alcohol enema">Alcohol enema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_inhalation" title="Alcohol inhalation">Alcohol inhalation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vodka_eyeballing" title="Vodka eyeballing">Vodka eyeballing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sconcing" title="Sconcing">Sconcing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Johnson_alcoholism_debate" title="Andrew Johnson alcoholism debate">Andrew Johnson alcoholism debate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionysian_Mysteries" title="Dionysian Mysteries">Dionysian Mysteries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dipsomania" title="Dipsomania">Dipsomania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Paul_Jordan" title="Gilbert Paul Jordan">Gilbert Paul Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gin_Craze" title="Gin Craze">Gin Craze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_deaths_through_alcohol" title="List of deaths through alcohol">List of deaths through alcohol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rum_ration" title="Rum ration">Rum ration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rum_Rebellion" title="Rum Rebellion">Rum Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shebeen" title="Shebeen">Shebeen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Six_o%27clock_swill" title="Six o'clock swill">Six o'clock swill</a></li> <li>Illegal drinking establishments <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nip_joint" title="Nip joint">Nip joint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speakeasy" title="Speakeasy">Speakeasy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whiskey_Rebellion" title="Whiskey Rebellion">Whiskey Rebellion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcoholic_beverage" title="Alcoholic beverage">Alcoholic beverage</a></li> <li>Beer <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beer_mile" title="Beer mile">Beer mile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Beer_Day" title="International Beer Day">International Beer Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Women%27s_Collaboration_Brew_Day" title="International Women's Collaboration Brew Day">International Women's Collaboration Brew Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_brewing" title="Women in brewing">Women in brewing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drinking_culture" title="Drinking culture">Drinking culture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ap%C3%A9ritif_and_digestif" title="Apéritif and digestif">Apéritif and digestif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hangover_remedies" title="Hangover remedies">Hangover remedies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_effects_of_wine" title="Health effects of wine">Health effects of wine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wine_and_food_pairing" title="Wine and food pairing">Wine and food pairing</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drunken_monkey_hypothesis" title="Drunken monkey hypothesis">Drunken monkey hypothesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ladies%27_night" title="Ladies' night">Ladies' night</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_alcohol_consumption_per_capita" title="List of countries by alcohol consumption per capita">List of countries by alcohol consumption per capita</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_consumption_by_youth_in_the_United_States" title="Alcohol consumption by youth in the United States">Alcohol consumption by youth in the United States</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_substances_used_in_rituals#Alcohol" title="List of substances used in rituals">Ritual use of alcohol</a></li> <li>Whiskey <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_whisk(e)y_day" title="International whisk(e)y day">International whisk(e)y day</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Alcohol <br />control</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_law" title="Alcohol law">Alcohol law</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_License_Suspension" title="Administrative License Suspension">Administrative License Suspension</a> (ALS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_(Minimum_Pricing)_(Scotland)_Act_2012" title="Alcohol (Minimum Pricing) (Scotland) Act 2012">Alcohol (Minimum Pricing) (Scotland) Act 2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_exclusion_laws" title="Alcohol exclusion laws">Alcohol exclusion laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_monopoly" title="Alcohol monopoly">Alcohol monopoly</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcoholic_beverage_control_state" title="Alcoholic beverage control state">Alcoholic beverage control state</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_packaging_warning_messages" title="Alcohol packaging warning messages">Alcohol packaging warning messages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ban_on_caffeinated_alcoholic_drinks_in_the_United_States" title="Ban on caffeinated alcoholic drinks in the United States">Ban on caffeinated alcoholic drinks in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drunk_driving_law_by_country" title="Drunk driving law by country">Drunk driving law by country</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DWI_court" title="DWI court">DWI court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Field_sobriety_testing" title="Field sobriety testing">Field sobriety testing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hip_flask_defence" title="Hip flask defence">Hip flask defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignition_interlock_device" title="Ignition interlock device">Ignition interlock device</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dry_county" title="Dry county">Dry county</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_dry_communities_by_U.S._state" title="List of dry communities by U.S. state">List of dry communities by U.S. state</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Last_call" title="Last call">Last call</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_drinking_age" title="Legal drinking age">Legal drinking age</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Legal_drinking_age_in_the_United_States" title="Legal drinking age in the United States">Legal drinking age in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoulder_tap_(alcohol)" title="Shoulder tap (alcohol)">Shoulder tap</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_alcohol_laws_of_the_United_States" title="List of alcohol laws of the United States">List of alcohol laws of US</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Prohibition" title="Prohibition">Alcohol prohibition</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_with_alcohol_prohibition" title="List of countries with alcohol prohibition">List of countries with alcohol prohibition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-prohibitionism" title="Neo-prohibitionism">Neo-prohibitionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temperance_movement" title="Temperance movement">Temperance movement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sobriety" title="Sobriety">Sobriety</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_detoxification" title="Alcohol detoxification">Alcohol detoxification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol-free_zone" title="Alcohol-free zone">Alcohol-free zone</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dry_campus" title="Dry campus">Dry campus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open-container_law" title="Open-container law">Open-container law</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brief_intervention" title="Brief intervention">Brief intervention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Designated_driver" title="Designated driver">Designated driver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drug_rehabilitation" title="Drug rehabilitation">Alcohol rehabilitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drunk_tank" title="Drunk tank">Drunk tank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Managed_alcohol_program" title="Managed alcohol program">Managed alcohol program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-alcoholic_drink" title="Non-alcoholic drink">Non-alcoholic drink</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_non-alcoholic_cocktails" class="mw-redirect" title="List of non-alcoholic cocktails">List of cocktails</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_non-alcoholic_mixed_drinks" title="List of non-alcoholic mixed drinks">List of mixed drinks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spritzer#Non-alcoholic_spritzer" title="Spritzer">Spritzer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malt_drink#Non-alcoholic_malt_drinks" title="Malt drink">Malt drinks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teetotalism" title="Teetotalism">Teetotalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temperance_bar" title="Temperance bar">Temperance bar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temperance_and_Good_Citizenship_Day" title="Temperance and Good Citizenship Day">Temperance and Good Citizenship Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_twelve-step_groups" title="List of twelve-step groups">Twelve-step groups</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Anon/Alateen" title="Al-Anon/Alateen">Al-Anon/Alateen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcoholics_Anonymous" title="Alcoholics Anonymous">Alcoholics Anonymous</a> (AA):</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adult_Children_of_Alcoholics" class="mw-redirect" title="Adult Children of Alcoholics">Adult Children of Alcoholics</a> (ACA)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sober_companion" title="Sober companion">Sober companion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sober_curious" title="Sober curious">Sober curious</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sober_living_house" title="Sober living house">Sober living house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sobering_center" title="Sobering center">Sobering center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sobrietol" title="Sobrietol">Sobrietol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quit_lit_(alcohol_cessation)" title="Quit lit (alcohol cessation)">Quit lit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Alcohol limitation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/0-0-1-3" title="0-0-1-3">0-0-1-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_consumption_recommendations" title="Alcohol consumption recommendations">Alcohol consumption recommendations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_education" title="Alcohol education">Alcohol education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_server_training" title="Alcohol server training">Alcohol server training</a></li> <li>Monitoring <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Breathalyzer" title="Breathalyzer">Breathalyzer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_tagging#Sweat_alcohol_content_monitor" title="Electronic tagging">Sweat alcohol content monitor</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brief_intervention#FRAMES" title="Brief intervention">FRAMES</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foundation_for_Advancing_Alcohol_Responsibility" title="Foundation for Advancing Alcohol Responsibility">Foundation for Advancing Alcohol Responsibility</a></li> <li>Campaigns <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dry_January" title="Dry January">Dry January</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dry_July" title="Dry July">Dry July</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Get_Your_Sexy_Back" title="Get Your Sexy Back">Get Your Sexy Back</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocsober" title="Ocsober">Ocsober</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liquor_license" title="Liquor license">Liquor license</a></li> <li>Low-alcohol drinks <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fermented_tea" title="Fermented tea">Fermented tea</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Low-alcohol beer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malt_drink#Low-alcoholic_malt_drinks" title="Malt drink">Low-alcoholic malt drinks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_beer" title="Small beer">Small beer</a></li></ul></li> <li>Measurement <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcoholic_spirits_measure" title="Alcoholic spirits measure">Alcoholic spirits measure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_drink" title="Standard drink">Standard drink</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Addiction_medicine" title="Addiction medicine">Addiction medicine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benzodiazepine" title="Benzodiazepine">Benzodiazepines</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chlordiazepoxide" title="Chlordiazepoxide">Chlordiazepoxide</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disulfiram-like_drug" title="Disulfiram-like drug">Disulfiram-like drugs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Disulfiram" title="Disulfiram">Disulfiram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calcium_carbimide" title="Calcium carbimide">Calcium carbimide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyanamide" title="Cyanamide">Cyanamide</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_anaesthetic" title="General anaesthetic">General anaesthetics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nitrous_oxide_(medication)" title="Nitrous oxide (medication)">Nitrous oxide</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulfonic_acid" title="Sulfonic acid">Sulfonic acids</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acamprosate" title="Acamprosate">Acamprosate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homotaurine" title="Homotaurine">Homotaurine</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_alcohol" title="Religion and alcohol">Religion and alcohol</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_views_on_alcohol" title="Christian views on alcohol">Christian views on alcohol</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_in_the_Bible" title="Alcohol in the Bible">Alcohol in the Bible</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khamr" title="Khamr">Islam and alcohol</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beer_Street_and_Gin_Lane" title="Beer Street and Gin Lane"><i>Beer Street</i> and <i>Gin Lane</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bratt_System" title="Bratt System">Bratt System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dry_state" title="Dry state">Dry state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gin_Act_1751" title="Gin Act 1751">Gin Act 1751</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medicinal_Liquor_Prescriptions_Act_of_1933" title="Medicinal Liquor Prescriptions Act of 1933">Medicinal Liquor Prescriptions Act of 1933</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_alcohol-related_articles" title="Index of alcohol-related articles">Index of alcohol-related articles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_and_spaceflight" title="Alcohol and spaceflight">Alcohol and spaceflight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gateway_drug_effect" title="Gateway drug effect">Gateway drug effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mood_disorder" title="Mood disorder">Mood disorder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-alcoholic_fatty_liver_disease" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease">Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-medication" title="Self-medication">Self-medication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spins" title="Spins">Spins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Town_drunk" title="Town drunk">Town drunk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_paradox" title="French paradox">French paradox</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Alcohol_and_health" title="Category:Alcohol and health">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Beer_styles_(list)210" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Beer_styles" title="Template:Beer styles"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Beer_styles" title="Template talk:Beer styles"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Beer_styles" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Beer styles"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Beer_styles_(list)210" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Beer_style" title="Beer style">Beer styles</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_beer_styles" title="List of beer styles">list</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ale" title="Ale">Ale</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Altbier" title="Altbier">Altbier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amber_ale" class="mw-redirect" title="Amber ale">Amber ale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_pale_ale" title="American pale ale">American pale ale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_pale_ale" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian pale ale">Australian pale ale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barley_wine" title="Barley wine">Barley wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bitter_(beer)" title="Bitter (beer)">Bitter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brown_ale" title="Brown ale">Brown ale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burton_ale" title="Burton ale">Burton ale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copper_ale" title="Copper ale">Copper ale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cream_ale" title="Cream ale">Cream ale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dubbel" title="Dubbel">Dubbel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farmhouse_ale" title="Farmhouse ale">Farmhouse ale</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bi%C3%A8re_de_Garde" title="Bière de Garde">Bière de Garde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grisette_(beer)" title="Grisette (beer)">Grisette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saison" title="Saison">Saison</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India_pale_ale" title="India pale ale">India pale ale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_red_ale" title="Irish red ale">Irish red ale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gose" title="Gose">Gose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grodziskie" title="Grodziskie">Grodziskie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kentucky_common_beer" title="Kentucky common beer">Kentucky common beer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6lsch_(beer)" title="Kölsch (beer)">Kölsch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mild_ale" title="Mild ale">Mild ale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_ale" title="Old ale">Old ale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pale_ale" title="Pale ale">Pale ale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porter_(beer)" title="Porter (beer)">Porter</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baltic_porter" class="mw-redirect" title="Baltic porter">Baltic porter</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pumpkin_ale" title="Pumpkin ale">Pumpkin ale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quadrupel" title="Quadrupel">Quadrupel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahti" title="Sahti">Sahti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotch_ale" class="mw-redirect" title="Scotch ale">Scotch ale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stout" title="Stout">Stout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strong_ale" title="Strong ale">Strong ale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripel" title="Tripel">Tripel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheat_beer" title="Wheat beer">Wheat beer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lager" title="Lager">Lager</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_lager" title="American lager">American lager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_lager" title="Australian lager">Australian lager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bock" title="Bock">Bock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dortmunder_Export" title="Dortmunder Export">Dortmunder Export</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunkel" title="Dunkel">Dunkel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helles" title="Helles">Helles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kellerbier" title="Kellerbier">Kellerbier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A4rzen" title="Märzen">Märzen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pale_lager" title="Pale lager">Pale lager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pilsner" title="Pilsner">Pilsner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schwarzbier" title="Schwarzbier">Schwarzbier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoigl" title="Zoigl">Zoigl</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other styles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Sour_beer13" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sour_beer" title="Sour beer">Sour beer</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_wild_ale" title="American wild ale">American wild ale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berliner_Weisse" title="Berliner Weisse">Berliner Weisse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flanders_red_ale" title="Flanders red ale">Flanders red ale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lambic" title="Lambic">Lambic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Framboise" title="Framboise">Framboise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gueuze" title="Gueuze">Gueuze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kriek_lambic" title="Kriek lambic">Kriek</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oud_bruin" title="Oud bruin">Oud bruin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corn_beer" title="Corn beer">Corn beer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fruit_beer" title="Fruit beer">Fruit beer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banana_beer" title="Banana beer">Banana beer</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hard_soda" title="Hard soda">Hard soda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_beer" title="Ice beer">Ice beer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kvass" title="Kvass">Kvass</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Podpiwek" title="Podpiwek">Podpiwek</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Light_beer" title="Light beer">Light beer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malt_beer" title="Malt beer">Malt beer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millet_beer" title="Millet beer">Millet beer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pito_(beer)" title="Pito (beer)">Pito</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rye_beer" title="Rye beer">Rye beer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_beer" title="Small beer">Small beer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoked_beer" title="Smoked beer">Smoked beer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Smoked_beer#Bamberg_Rauchbier" title="Smoked beer">Rauchbier</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spruce_beer" title="Spruce beer">Spruce beer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steam_beer" title="Steam beer">Steam beer / California Common</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tella" title="Tella">Tella</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abbey_beers" class="mw-redirect" title="Abbey beers">Abbey beers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trappist_beer" title="Trappist beer">Trappist</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adjuncts" title="Adjuncts">Adjuncts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barrel-aged_beer" title="Barrel-aged beer">Barrel-aged beer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_and_breweries_by_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Beer and breweries by region">Beer and breweries by region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_sommelier" title="Beer sommelier">Beer sommelier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brewery" title="Brewery">Brewery</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Low-alcohol beer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_ale" title="Real ale">Real ale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seasonal_beer" title="Seasonal beer">Seasonal beer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Projet_bi%C3%A8re_logo_v2.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Projet_bi%C3%A8re_logo_v2.png/16px-Projet_bi%C3%A8re_logo_v2.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Projet_bi%C3%A8re_logo_v2.png/24px-Projet_bi%C3%A8re_logo_v2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Projet_bi%C3%A8re_logo_v2.png/32px-Projet_bi%C3%A8re_logo_v2.png 2x" data-file-width="242" data-file-height="242" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Beer" title="Portal:Beer">Beer portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Low-alcohol_beer&oldid=1265632418">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Low-alcohol_beer&oldid=1265632418</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Non-alcoholic_drinks" title="Category:Non-alcoholic drinks">Non-alcoholic drinks</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Prohibition" title="Category:Prohibition">Prohibition</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Types_of_beer" title="Category:Types of beer">Types of beer</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_February_2023" title="Category:Use dmy dates from February 2023">Use dmy dates from February 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_clarification_from_December_2024" title="Category:Wikipedia articles needing clarification from December 2024">Wikipedia articles needing clarification from December 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_December_2019" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from December 2019">Articles with unsourced statements from December 2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_September_2021" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from September 2021">Articles with unsourced statements from September 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_vague_or_ambiguous_time" title="Category:All articles with vague or ambiguous time">All articles with vague or ambiguous time</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Vague_or_ambiguous_time_from_December_2024" title="Category:Vague or ambiguous time from December 2024">Vague or ambiguous time from December 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_July_2023" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from July 2023">Articles with unsourced statements from July 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_June_2020" title="Category:Articles needing additional references from June 2020">Articles needing additional references from June 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_additional_references" title="Category:All articles needing additional references">All articles needing additional references</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 27 December 2024, at 22:11<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Low-alcohol_beer&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia"> <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="mw-page-title-main">Low-alcohol beer</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>26 languages</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Add topic</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-ff47b69b6-j5r5q","wgBackendResponseTime":140,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.755","walltime":"0.968","ppvisitednodes":{"value":4012,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":154435,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":4028,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":12,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":12,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":202150,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 748.008 1 -total"," 43.78% 327.455 1 Template:Reflist"," 29.18% 218.272 40 Template:Cite_web"," 11.98% 89.617 1 Template:Alcohol_and_health"," 9.88% 73.894 1 Template:Short_description"," 6.07% 45.440 1 Template:Clarify"," 5.97% 44.679 2 Template:Pagetype"," 5.77% 43.124 1 Template:Fix-span"," 5.02% 37.586 1 Template:Unreferenced_section"," 4.66% 34.838 1 Template:Unreferenced"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.466","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":8942318,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"table#1 {\n [\"size\"] = \"tiny\",\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-int.codfw.main-6c4b4c4bd6-gb5sb","timestamp":"20250210045013","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Low-alcohol beer","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Low-alcohol_beer","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q524679","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q524679","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2001-09-21T22:17:54Z","dateModified":"2024-12-27T22:11:01Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/7\/76\/Low-alcohol_beer%2C_Iran.jpg","headline":"beer with little or no alcohol content"}</script> </body> </html>