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RNAscope ISH Technology
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr" prefix="og: https://ogp.me/ns#"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <noscript><style>form.antibot * :not(.antibot-message) { display: none !important; }</style> </noscript><meta name="applicable-device" content="pc,mobile" /> <meta name="description" content="RNAscope ISH products provide powerful spatial genomic and spatial transcriptomic tools for sensitive detection, characterization, and detailed localization of all types of cellular nucleic acids at single-molecule resolution." /> <meta name="keywords" content="RNAscope,ACD,RNA ISH" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.bio-techne.com/reagents/rnascope-ish-technology" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="Bio-Techne" /> <meta property="og:type" content="website" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.bio-techne.com/reagents/rnascope-ish-technology" /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://resources.bio-techne.com/bio-techne-assets/images/brands/bio-techne-og.png" /> <meta name="published-date" content="1622815252" /> <meta name="brand" content="Advanced Cell Diagnostics" /> <meta name="research-area" content="Spatial Biology" /> <meta name="product-category" content="RNAscope ISH Technology" /> <meta name="revision-date" content="1731945690" /> <meta name="Generator" content="Drupal 10 (https://www.drupal.org)" /> <meta name="MobileOptimized" content="width" /> <meta name="HandheldFriendly" content="true" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /> <script type="application/ld+json">{ "@context": "https://schema.org", "@graph": [ { "@type": "WebPage", "@id": "https://www.bio-techne.com/reagents/rnascope-ish-technology", "breadcrumb": { "@type": "BreadcrumbList", "itemListElement": [ { "@type": "ListItem", "position": 1, "name": "Home", "item": "https://www.bio-techne.com/" }, { "@type": "ListItem", "position": 2, "name": "Bio-Techne Reagents", "item": "https://www.bio-techne.com/reagents" } ] } } ] }</script> <meta http-equiv="x-dns-prefetch-control" content="on" /> <script type="application/ld+json"> { "@context": "http:\/\/schema.org", "@type": "HowTo", "headline": "Get Started with RNAscope ISH Technology", "name": "Get Started with RNAscope ISH Technologys", "image": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://www.bio-techne.com/themes/custom/bio_techne_global/logo.svg", "width": 300, "height": 53 }, "author": { "@context": "http:\/\/schema.org", "@type": "Organization", "name": "Bio-Techne", "url": "https:\/\/www.bio-techne.com", "logo": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://www.bio-techne.com/themes/custom/bio_techne_global/logo.svg", "width": 300, "height": 53 }, "sameAs": [ "https://www.instagram.com/bio_techne/", "https://www.linkedin.com/company/bio-techne", "https://twitter.com/biotechne", "https://www.facebook.com/BioTechne/" ] }, "datePublished": "2021", "publisher": { "@context": "http:\/\/schema.org", "@type": "Organization", "name": "Bio-Techne", "url": "https:\/\/www.bio-techne.com", "logo": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://www.bio-techne.com/themes/custom/bio_techne_global/logo.svg", "width": 300, "height": 53 }, "sameAs": [ "https://www.instagram.com/bio_techne/", "https://www.linkedin.com/company/bio-techne", "https://twitter.com/biotechne", "https://www.facebook.com/BioTechne/" ] }, "step": [ { "@type": "HowToSection", "name": "RNAscope ISH Technology Workflow?", "itemListElement": [ { "@type": "HowToStep", "name": "Step A: Sample Preperation", "text": "Proper preparation of samples is the foundation for achieving the high levels of sensitivity and specificity possible with RNAscope ISH technology. The ACD in situ hybridization kits can be used with formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples, fresh-frozen (FF) or fixed frozen tissues, and both adherent and non-adherent cultured cells.", "url": "https://www.bio-techne.com/reagents/rnascope-ish-technology/get-started" }, { "@type": "HowToStep", "name": "Step B: Pretreatment", "text": "Following appropriate sample preparation, the next step in solving the puzzle is to provide sufficient access for in situ hybridization probes to their targets. This is accomplished by specialized pretreatment of properly prepared samples before applying the RNAscope, BaseScope, miRNAscope, or DNAscope probes.", "url": "https://www.bio-techne.com/reagents/rnascope-ish-technology/get-started" }, { "@type": "HowToStep", "name": "Step C: Probe Hybridization", "text": "Once properly prepared samples have been appropriately pretreated, the next piece of the puzzle involves the application of chromogenic or fluorescent in situ hybridization probes specific to the target of interest.", "url": "https://www.bio-techne.com/reagents/rnascope-ish-technology/get-started" }, { "@type": "HowToStep", "name": "Step D: Amplification and Detection", "text": "The final piece of the puzzle is the generation of a highly amplified, readily detected signal indicating the presence (and location) of the target molecule.", "url": "https://www.bio-techne.com/reagents/rnascope-ish-technology/get-started" } ] } ], "description": "The assay represents a major advance in RNA ISH approaches with its proprietary probe design to amplify target-specific signals but not background noise from non-specific hybridization." }</script> <meta http-equiv="x-ua-compatible" content="ie=edge" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://www.bio-techne.com/reagents/rnascope-ish-technology" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-hans" href="https://www.bio-techne.com/cn/reagents/rnascope-ish-technology" /> <link rel="icon" href="/themes/custom/bio_techne_global/favicon.ico" type="image/vnd.microsoft.icon" /> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://resources.bio-techne.com" /> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://resources.tocris.com" /> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://i.icomoon.io" /> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://cdn.icomoon.io" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://connect.facebook.net" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://resources.bio-techne.com" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://snap.licdn.com" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" 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Probes </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="layout__region layout__region--second"> <div class="hero-content-wrap"> <div class="field_block:paragraph:h1_2_2_text_to_media:field_indv_media"> <div> <img src="https://resources.bio-techne.com/bio-techne-assets/images/banners/sbd-hero-ventana-red-teal-human-tumor-480x480.png" alt="SBD hero foreground Ventana Human Tumor Red-Teal" fetchpriority="high" > </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div><!-- end hero-banner --> </div> </header> </div> <div id="main" class="container-fluid container-wide"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12"> <div> <div id="block-bio-techne-global-breadcrumbs" class="system_breadcrumb_block"> <nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="system-breadcrumb"> <h2 id="system-breadcrumb" class="visually-hidden">Breadcrumb</h2> <ol> <li> <a href="/">Home</a> </li> <li> <a href="/reagents">Bio-Techne Reagents</a> </li> <li> RNAscope ISH Technology </li> </ol> </nav> </div> </div> </div> </div> <main> <section class="section"> <div> <div id="block-bio-techne-global-content" class="system_main_block"> <article> <div> <div> <div> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--_-2-media-to-text mb-4 paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="container-fluid container-wide"> <div class="layout layout--twocol-section layout--twocol-section--50-50"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--first"> <div class="hero-content-wrap"> <div class="field_block:paragraph:2_2_media_to_text:field_indv_media"> <div> <img src="https://resources.bio-techne.com/bio-techne-assets/images/products/v6_probe-guarantee-shield-light-acd.png" alt="Probe Guarantee Shield" loading="lazy" > </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="layout__region layout__region--second"> <div class="hero-content-wrap"> <div class="field_block:paragraph:2_2_media_to_text:field_header_2_global"> <div><h2>RNAscope Technology</h2></div> </div> <div class="field_block:paragraph:2_2_media_to_text:field_lg_sngl_frmtd_text_global"> <div><p>RNAscope is a novel multiplex RNA ISH technology with a patented probe design, delivering clear and actionable results with industry-leading sensitivity and specificity.</p><p> </p><p>•Unmatched Spatial Precision.</p><p>•Visualize and Quantify any RNA.</p><p>•True Multiomic Flexibility.</p><p>•Characterize any Organism or Tissue.</p></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--full-page-text-with-media mb-4 paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div> <img src="https://resources.bio-techne.com/bio-techne-assets/images/banners/new-publications-acd-banner.png" alt="ACD Publications banner" loading="lazy" > </div> </div> </div> <div> <div class="thin-banner banner_wrapper"> <div class="banner-dark"> <div> <div><h2>Search RNAscope™ Target and Control Probes</h2></div> <a href="/search?search_type=products&keywords=RNAscope%20probes" > <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary"> Search Probes </button> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--card-paragraph paragraph--view-mode--default card-para-default"> <h2>Visualize More Biomarkers</h2> <div class="row card_row"> <div class="col-md-4"> <div class="h-100"> <div class="bg-white border rounded flex-column d-flex h-100"> <div class="card-img-top text-center mb-3" style="background-repeat: no-repeat; background-color: ; height:200px; width: 100%;"> <div class="teaser-valign-container" style=""> <div class="valign"> <img src="https://resources.bio-techne.com/bio-techne-assets/images/icons/Target-Goal_icon235x235b.png" alt="Target Goal Icon 235x235" loading="lazy" > </div> </div> </div> <h3 class="card_title_htag"> <div>Difficult Antigens</div> </h3> <div class="card_description flex-grow-1"> <div><ul><li>No antibody available.</li><li>Low expressing antigens.</li><li>Poor antibody performance.</li><li>Secreted proteins including cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors.</li></ul></div> </div> <div class="card-bottom-link"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-4"> <div class="h-100"> <div class="bg-white border rounded flex-column d-flex h-100"> <div class="card-img-top text-center mb-3" style="background-repeat: no-repeat; background-color: ; height:200px; width: 100%;"> <div class="teaser-valign-container" style=""> <div class="valign"> <img src="https://resources.bio-techne.com/bio-techne-assets/images/icons/rna-icon.png" alt="RNA" loading="lazy" > </div> </div> </div> <h3 class="card_title_htag"> <div>RNA Biomarkers</div> </h3> <div class="card_description flex-grow-1"> <div><ul><li>Any expressed mRNA, non-coding RNA, ASO, siRNA, miRNA, splice variant.</li><li>RNA and protein co-detection.</li><li>Viruses and microbial agents.</li></ul></div> </div> <div class="card-bottom-link"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-4"> <div class="h-100"> <div class="bg-white border rounded flex-column d-flex h-100"> <div class="card-img-top text-center mb-3" style="background-repeat: no-repeat; background-color: ; height:200px; width: 100%;"> <div class="teaser-valign-container" style=""> <div class="valign"> <img src="https://resources.bio-techne.com/bio-techne-assets/images/icons/vaccine-development-icon-light-blue.png" alt="Vaccine development icon " loading="lazy" > </div> </div> </div> <h3 class="card_title_htag"> <div>Engineered Cells and Vectors</div> </h3> <div class="card_description flex-grow-1"> <div><ul><li>CAR-T and TCR-T cells.</li><li>Gene therapy vectors (AAV).</li><li>Transgenes and reporters.</li></ul></div> </div> <div class="card-bottom-link"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--card-paragraph paragraph--view-mode--default card-para-default"> <h2>See Any RNA</h2> <div class="row card_row"> <div class="col-md-4"> <div class="h-100"> <div class="bg-white border rounded flex-column d-flex h-100"> <a href="/reagents/rnascope-ish-technology/rnascope" > <div class="teaser-card-image-crop mb-3"> <img src="https://resources.bio-techne.com/bio-techne-assets/images/reagents/rnascope-chromogenic-lung-cancer-cd274-gr-cd8a-red-v2.jpg" alt="RNAscope 2.5 HD Duplex Assay: FFPE tissue, human lung cancer - CD274 RNA (green) and CD8A RNA (red)" loading="lazy" > </div> </a> <a class="card_title_link" href="/reagents/rnascope-ish-technology/rnascope" > <h3 class="card_title_htag"> <div>RNAscope</div> </h3> </a> <div class="card_description flex-grow-1"> <div><p>Most widely used assay for detection of mRNAs, ncRNAs, viruses, bacteria and engineered cells and vectors. Designed for RNA targets of > 300 nucleotides.</p></div> </div> <div class="card-bottom-link"> <div> <a href="/reagents/rnascope-ish-technology/rnascope" > Explore </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-4"> <div class="h-100"> <div class="bg-white border rounded flex-column d-flex h-100"> <a href="/reagents/rnascope-ish-technology/basescope/manual-ls" > <div class="teaser-card-image-crop mb-3"> <img src="https://resources.bio-techne.com/bio-techne-assets/images/products/BaseScope-image-1.jpg" alt="BaseScope image" loading="lazy" > </div> </a> <a class="card_title_link" href="/reagents/rnascope-ish-technology/basescope/manual-ls" > <h3 class="card_title_htag"> <div>BaseScope</div> </h3> </a> <div class="card_description flex-grow-1"> <div><p>Ideal for RNA targets 50-300 nucleotides in length, BaseScope provides an excellent solution for detection of exon junctions/splice variants and short or highly homologous RNA sequences.</p></div> </div> <div class="card-bottom-link"> <div> <a href="/reagents/rnascope-ish-technology/basescope/manual-ls" > See How </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-4"> <div class="h-100"> <div class="bg-white border rounded flex-column d-flex h-100"> <a href="/reagents/rnascope-ish-technology/mirnascope" > <div class="teaser-card-image-crop mb-3"> <img src="https://resources.bio-techne.com/bio-techne-assets/images/products/mirnascope-mouse-brain-mir-124-3p-staining-4x.JPG" alt="ACD miRNAscope image - Mouse Brain - miR 124" loading="lazy" > </div> </a> <a class="card_title_link" href="/reagents/rnascope-ish-technology/mirnascope" > <h3 class="card_title_htag"> <div>miRNAscope</div> </h3> </a> <div class="card_description flex-grow-1"> <div><p>Designed to detect short RNAs of 17-50 nucleotides including small non-coding RNAs siRNAs, ASOs, and miRNAs.</p></div> </div> <div class="card-bottom-link"> <div> <a href="/reagents/rnascope-ish-technology/mirnascope" > Learn More </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div> <section class="paragraph paragraph--type--full-width-banner-with-image mb-4 paragraph--view-mode--default paragraph-background-color--dark"> <div class="banner_background_image" data-bgimage="https://resources.bio-techne.com/bio-techne-assets/images/banners/v4_light-blue-bg-gradient.png" style="background-repeat: no-repeat;"> <div> <div> <div> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--_-2-media-to-text mb-4 paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="container-fluid container-wide"> <div class="layout layout--twocol-section layout--twocol-section--50-50"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--first"> <div class="hero-content-wrap"> <div class="field_block:paragraph:2_2_media_to_text:field_indv_media"> <div> <img src="https://resources.bio-techne.com/bio-techne-assets/images/icons/literature-icon-dark-blue.png" alt="Literature icon" loading="lazy" > </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="layout__region layout__region--second"> <div class="hero-content-wrap"> <div class="field_block:paragraph:2_2_media_to_text:field_header_2_global"> <div><h2>Over 10K Spatial Biology Publications and Counting</h2></div> </div> <div class="field_block:paragraph:2_2_media_to_text:field_lg_sngl_frmtd_text_global"> <div><p>Easily find peer-reviewed research articles for your gene or research area of interest. See how RNAscope can help you uncover new spatial interests to achieve your research goals.</p></div> </div> <div class="field_block:paragraph:2_2_media_to_text:field_call_to_action_global"> <a href="/resources/rnascope-citations" class="btn btn-primary" type="link"> Search Publications </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> <div> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--card-paragraph paragraph--view-mode--default card-para-default"> <h2>Browse by Assay Type</h2> <div class="row card_row"> <div class="col-md-4"> <div class="h-100"> <div class="bg-white border rounded flex-column d-flex h-100"> <a href="/reagents/rnascope-ish-technology/rnascope/chromogenic-assays" > <div class="teaser-card-image-crop mb-3"> <img src="https://resources.bio-techne.com/bio-techne-assets/images/reagents/rnascope-chromogenic-duplex-assay-colon-cancer-v2.jpg" alt="RNAscope chromogenic assay image in colon cancer tissue" loading="lazy" > </div> </a> <a class="card_title_link" href="/reagents/rnascope-ish-technology/rnascope/chromogenic-assays" > <h3 class="card_title_htag"> <div>Chromogenic ISH Assays</div> </h3> </a> <div class="card_description flex-grow-1"> <div><p>Characterize RNA biomarkers in anatomical context using selected chromogens.</p></div> </div> <div class="card-bottom-link"> <div> <a href="/reagents/rnascope-ish-technology/rnascope/chromogenic-assays" > Learn More </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-4"> <div class="h-100"> <div class="bg-white border rounded flex-column d-flex h-100"> <a href="/reagents/rnascope-ish-technology/rnascope/fluorescent-assays" > <div class="teaser-card-image-crop mb-3"> <img src="https://resources.bio-techne.com/bio-techne-assets/images/research-areas/rnascope-fluorescent-assays-mouse-brain.jpg" alt="RNAscope fluorescent assay in mouse brain" loading="lazy" > </div> </a> <a class="card_title_link" href="/reagents/rnascope-ish-technology/rnascope/fluorescent-assays" > <h3 class="card_title_htag"> <div>Fluorescent ISH Assays</div> </h3> </a> <div class="card_description flex-grow-1"> <div><p>See changes in gene expression in spatial context at subcellular resolution with multiplex fluorescent imaging.</p></div> </div> <div class="card-bottom-link"> <div> <a href="/reagents/rnascope-ish-technology/rnascope/fluorescent-assays" > Explore </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-4"> <div class="h-100"> <div class="bg-white border rounded flex-column d-flex h-100"> <a href="/applications/spatial-biology/rnascope-multiomics" > <div class="teaser-card-image-crop mb-3"> <img src="https://resources.bio-techne.com/bio-techne-assets/images/research-areas/rnascope-colon-inflamation-image-gallery-image1-v2.jpg" alt="Detection of cytokines, immune and tumor cells using an RNAscope RNA-protein multiomic panel of 4 marker proteins, CD4 (yellow), CD8 (white), PanCK (pink), FoxP3 (green), and 2 target RNA probes, IFNG (red), GZMB (turquoise) in human colon cancer tissue" loading="lazy" > </div> </a> <a class="card_title_link" href="/applications/spatial-biology/rnascope-multiomics" > <h3 class="card_title_htag"> <div>Multiomic IHC/ISH Assays</div> </h3> </a> <div class="card_description flex-grow-1"> <div><p>Visualize changes in cell phenotypes and function with protease-free same-slide multiomics workflows.</p></div> </div> <div class="card-bottom-link"> <div> <a href="/applications/spatial-biology/rnascope-multiomics" > See How </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--card-paragraph paragraph--view-mode--default card-para-default"> <h2>Explore by Automation Platform</h2> <div class="row card_row"> <div class="col-md-4"> <div class="h-100"> <div class="bg-white border rounded flex-column d-flex h-100"> <a href="/reagents/rnascope-ish-technology/leica-automation-assays" > <div class="teaser-card-image-crop mb-3"> <img src="https://resources.bio-techne.com/bio-techne-assets/images/products/RNAscope-image-1.jpg" alt="RNAscope image" loading="lazy" > </div> </a> <a class="card_title_link" href="/reagents/rnascope-ish-technology/leica-automation-assays" > <h3 class="card_title_htag"> <div>Leica BOND RX</div> </h3> </a> <div class="card_description flex-grow-1"> <div><p>Explore automated RNAscope, BaseScope™, and miRNAscope™ assays for use with the Leica BOND RX System by Leica Biosystems</p></div> </div> <div class="card-bottom-link"> <div> <a href="/reagents/rnascope-ish-technology/leica-automation-assays" > Explore </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-4"> <div class="h-100"> <div class="bg-white border rounded flex-column d-flex h-100"> <a href="/reagents/rnascope-ish-technology/roche-automation-assays" > <div class="teaser-card-image-crop mb-3"> <img src="https://resources.bio-techne.com/bio-techne-assets/images/reagents/rnascope-vs-bs-tma-31-met-e15-16-lung.jpg" alt="Automated RNAscope assay on Roche Discovery Ultra image showing lung tissue" loading="lazy" > </div> </a> <a class="card_title_link" href="/reagents/rnascope-ish-technology/roche-automation-assays" > <h3 class="card_title_htag"> <div>Roche DISCOVERY ULTRA</div> </h3> </a> <div class="card_description flex-grow-1"> <div><p>Learn more about RNAscope and BaseScope assays available for use with the Roche DISCOVERY ULRA.</p></div> </div> <div class="card-bottom-link"> <div> <a href="/reagents/rnascope-ish-technology/roche-automation-assays" > Learn More </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-4"> <div class="h-100"> <div class="bg-white border rounded flex-column d-flex h-100"> <a href="/reagents/rnascope-ish-technology/rnascope/fluorescent-assays/hiplex-pro-comet" > <div class="teaser-card-image-crop mb-3"> <img src="https://resources.bio-techne.com/bio-techne-assets/images/research-areas/comet-melanoma-cd3p-green-hla-dr-magenta-ecadherinp=blue-cxcl10-yellow-tgfb1-cyan.png" alt="ACD HiPlex Pro on COMET image - melanoma" loading="lazy" > </div> </a> <a class="card_title_link" href="/reagents/rnascope-ish-technology/rnascope/fluorescent-assays/hiplex-pro-comet" > <h3 class="card_title_htag"> <div>Lunaphore COMET™</div> </h3> </a> <div class="card_description flex-grow-1"> <div><p>See how you can easily visualize up to 12 RNAscope targets and up to 24 protein targets using RNAscope HiPlex Pro on the Lunaphore COMET.</p></div> </div> <div class="card-bottom-link"> <div> <a href="/reagents/rnascope-ish-technology/rnascope/fluorescent-assays/hiplex-pro-comet" > See How </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--card-paragraph paragraph--view-mode--default card-para-default"> <h2>Featured Applications</h2> <div class="row card_row"> <div class="col-md-6"> <div class="h-100"> <div class="bg-white border rounded flex-column d-flex h-100"> <a href="/applications/spatial-biology" > <div 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Mental Health, NIH </span><br/> </div> </div> </div><!-- end column --> <div class="col-12 col-sm-12 col-md-12 col-lg-2 quote-column text-center"> <img class="quote" loading="lazy" src="/themes/custom/bio_techne_global/images/testimonials-quote.svg"/> </div><!-- end column --> </div><!-- end row --> </div><!-- end testimonial-info-group --> <div class="row"> <div class="col-10 offset-1 col-md-10 offset-md-1 col-sm-10"> <div class="individual-testimonial__testimonial"> RNAscope spatial analysis greatly improves our research by offering high-resolution visualization of gene expression within the SCN... validating discoveries from single-cell data, identifying rare cell populations, and facilitating gene co-expression analysis in situ. </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="carousel-item"> <!-- ...Continued from paragraph--carousel-testimonial --> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--individual-testimonial individual-testimonial paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div 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class="col-12 col-sm-12 col-md-12 col-lg-2 quote-column text-center"> <img class="quote" loading="lazy" src="/themes/custom/bio_techne_global/images/testimonials-quote.svg"/> </div><!-- end column --> </div><!-- end row --> </div><!-- end testimonial-info-group --> <div class="row"> <div class="col-10 offset-1 col-md-10 offset-md-1 col-sm-10"> <div class="individual-testimonial__testimonial"> The identification and anatomic location of HIV-infected cells and the effects of tissue environment on virus replication and viral gene expression are all critical for evaluating the pathogenesis of HIV infection and for developing cure strategies to eliminate HIV reservoirs. RNAscope in situ hybridization (ISH) has enabled us to visualize and quantify HIV RNA with single-copy resolution. 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